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Burnett Field, in Dallas, Texas, was home to several minor league baseball clubs from 1924 to 1964. The ballpark sat 10,500 fans. It was located at 1500 East Jefferson Boulevard (west, first base), Brazos Street (north, third base); Colorado Boulevard (south, right field); and the Trinity River (east, left field).
The ballpark began as Gardner Park, or as some historians call it, "Gardner Park II". The original Gardner Park ("I") had opened in 1915, at Jefferson Boulevard and Comal Street. This park, in turn, had replaced Gaston Park, built in the 1880s at Second Avenue and Parry Avenue, currently the site of the Texas State Fairgrounds Music Hall.
The original Gardner Park burned on July 19, 1924, following a game. The owners went to work right away and built a new Gardner Park, across the street from the old one, that would serve the club for the next 40 years. The club also played a home game on the fairgrounds once, when they staged their opening day game for 1950 at the Cotton Bowl, drawing over 50,000 fans before resuming play at their normal grounds.
At various times, Dallas' minor league team was known as the Giants, Steers, Rebels, Eagles, and Rangers. The park itself was also renamed Steers Park, Rebels Park, and Eagles Stadium at various times. Burnett Field was its temporary name in 1948, and became permanent in 1951, named for Rangers owner Dick Burnett.
The club played in the Texas League starting in 1888, continuing until they joined the American Association in 1959, a year after they had been renamed as the Dallas Rangers.
In 1960 the club merged with Fort Worth and became the Dallas-Fort Worth Rangers, playing half their home games at LaGrave Field in Fort Worth, Texas. The Rangers played in the Association through 1962, then had two seasons in the Pacific Coast League in 1963 and 1964 before moving to Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Dallas Cowboys used Burnett Field as their primary practice facility when the team was founded in 1960. The defense met in the clubhouse on the third-base side of the field while the offense met in the first-base clubhouse.
1964 was the end of professional baseball at Burnett Field. When the Texas League revived the franchise in 1965, as the Dallas-Fort Worth Spurs, both LaGrave and Burnett Fields were replaced by Turnpike Stadium, later called Arlington Stadium, midway between Dallas and Fort Worth in Arlington, Texas.
Google Maps shows the former ballpark lot as being currently a grass-filled vacant lot.
References
Sources
External links
Dallas-Fort Worth Minor-League Baseball at The Handbook of Texas
Sanborn map showing Gardner Park I in 1922
Sanborn map showing Burnett Field by 1950
Minor league baseball venues
Defunct baseball venues in the United States
Sports venues in Dallas
Baseball venues in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
Defunct minor league baseball venues
Baseball venues in Texas
Defunct sports venues in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnett%20Field |
Velocipes (meaning "quick foot") is a saurischian dinosaur genus from the Late Triassic that may have been a theropod; its fossils were found in the Norian-age Lissauer Breccia of southern Poland.
Upon discovery, Velocipes was thought to have been a coelurosaur, but more recent studies have shown that Velocipes was probably a basal theropod or dinosauriform.
History and taxonomy
The type species, V. guerichi, was first described by Huene in 1932 as a coelurosaur, based on GPIM UH no. 252, which consists of the proximal portion of a very poorly preserved fibula that was discovered in the Lissauer Breccia of southern Poland by Georg Gürich around 1884; the bone was described but not named in 1884. The bone was damaged during the Second World War and was thought to have been destroyed until it was rediscovered in 2012. In 1956, von Huene placed Velocipes in the Halticosauridae, which has since become monotypic to only include Halticosaurus. In 1984, Samuel Paul Welles considered Velocipes to be synonymous with Liliensternus.
A later paper, published in 2000 by Rauhut and Hungerbuhler, claimed that the only specimen of this animal was not well preserved enough to be confidently identified as part of a fibula, and classified the genus as an "indeterminate vertebrate". In 2004, Ronald Tykoski and Timothy Rowe listed Velocipes as a possible ceratosaur or coelophysoid. Weishampel et al. (2004) also listed Velocipes as a possible ceratosaur.
However, an SVP abstract reviewing putative dinosauriform remains from the Triassic of southern Poland confirmed the original theropod classification of Velocipes by von Huene, which was elaborated in detail in a 2017 paper. The authors considered Velocipes to have been a basal neotheropod or a taxon closely related to this clade.
Description
The surviving portion of the fibula is 16.4 cm long and after comparing the bone to other related theropods, it is believed that the full fibula was roughly 30-35 cm in length. The medial surface is slightly concave, suggesting that Velocipes may have been a neotheropod, and on the lateral surface of the bone there is a clear ridge about 52 mm long and about 5 mm high.
It is assumed that, based on the estimated size of the fibula, Velocipes may have reached up to long and weighed around , although this can only be speculated as only one specimen of Velocipes is currently known to exist.
Paleoecology
Velocipes would have been contemporaneous with the aetosaur genus Kocurypelta, an indeterminate species of lungfish and the stem-turtle Proterochersis cf. porebensis.
References
Nomina dubia
Prehistoric theropods
Late Triassic dinosaurs of Europe
Fossil taxa described in 1932
Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene
Paleontology in Poland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocipes |
Sharks Keep Moving were a short-lived Seattle rock band that formed in 1998. The band's original lineup consisted of Jake Snider (guitar/vocals), Nathan Turpen (guitar), Jeff DeGolier (bass), and Dan Dean (drums). Their music was a melodic, often soft, brand of rock with odd time signatures and an almost freeform jazz influence.
History
Snider, Turpen, and DeGolier had all previously played in the respected Seattle indie band State Route 522, and had released material with Seattle's Excursion Records under that name. State Route 522 broke up in 1997, following the release of their Samson Is Apollo EP for Excursion. Jay Clark was still playing with Kill Sadie but worked with the band as another guitarist. Within the next year, Snider, Turpen, and DeGolier found themselves playing together again, but this time leaving behind the post-hardcore sound of their previous band in favor of a much more melodic, but no less technical approach to their music. The band recruited Dan Dean (former drummer of nineironspitfire, another Seattle hardcore band) to round out the lineup. Snider has been quoted as saying that he chose the name Sharks Keep Moving after seeing the term used as a headline for a magazine article.
Sharks Keep Moving picked up quickly in the independent rock scene, partially because State Route 522 had found more of fanbase after their demise then they had during their existence. The first recorded output for Sharks Keep Moving came in the form of a split 7-inch with fellow Seattle natives The Kentucky Pistol (which featured brothers Sonny and Rocky Votolato, later members of Bugs In Amber and Waxwing, respectively). The record was released by Snider on his own label, Henry's Finest Recordings, and caught the attention of independent music labels Status Recordings, and Second Nature Recordings, who both expressed interest in releasing material with the band.
The band's next release was the Desert Strings and Drifters EP on Second Nature. Recorded by respected Seattle producer Matt Bayles, the four-song EP showed the band delve deeper into melody and odd time-signatures. Lengthy songs and sparse vocals set the tone for the group's later efforts, along with the incorporation of cello (played by Snider's future wife, Stephanie Goldade). Desert Strings and Drifters was fairly well received among independent rock critics, but the group remained largely unknown outside of their home area. They continued to play locally as well as up and down the west coast.
The same year, Sharks Keep Moving recorded two compilation tracks – “Westcott Bay, 1998” was recorded at their home studio for the Living Silent compilation on Status, while the instrumental track “Logger” appeared on the It Goes Without Saying compilation, a CD of all-instrumental songs released by Sign Language Records.
Around this time, Jeff DeGolier left the band and Morgan Henderson (also of The Blood Brothers) joined as the group's new bassist. It was this lineup that recorded the group's only full-length LP. Released by Status in 1999, the record was simply titled Full Length Album and further explored and solidified the sound set forth on their EP. Again recorded with Matt Bayles, the LP consisted of eight songs (four of which were instrumental) of considerable length, and moved the band into a sound that was even less easy to define than before. Again the record met with fairly high praises from critics, but the band still remained largely unknown, partially due to their inability to tour extensively in support of the record.
In the following year, less and less was heard from Sharks Keep Moving, and after a long period of little to no activity, most assumed that they had broken up, although no official announcement was made. At some point during this hiatus, Dan Dean left the band, and was replaced by former Kill Sadie member J. Clark on drums.
Status Recordings released the State Route 522 Retrospective CD in 2001 – a collection of all of that band's previous output, minus a few compilation appearances. Within the year, it had been announced that Sharks Keep Moving were, in fact, still a band, and were working on new material. Again, nothing materialized for a while, but Sharks members began to pop up in other bands. Jake Snider formed a new band, Minus the Bear, with Matt Bayles and former members of Botch and Kill Sadie, and also joined fellow Seattleite Tom Harpel's group, Onalaska. J. Clark started Pretty Girls Make Graves with former members of The Murder City Devils and Death Wish Kids, and Morgan Henderson continued to play with the increasingly popular The Blood Brothers.
In 2002, Sharks Keep Moving released their final recording - a three-song EP entitled Pause and Clause. Recorded by Snider with assistance from Onalaska bandmate Tom Harpel at Spectre Studios, the EP was again released by Status Recordings. A final testament to the band's ever-evolving musical talent, Pause and Clause showed Sharks Keep Moving pushing their signature sound even further into freeform jazz territory. Again, vocals were few and far between, with more complex and distinct guitar parts from Turpen and Snider laid over top of Clark's scattered, technical drumming, and Henderson's flowing basslines. The songs give a feeling of both improvisation and structured songwriting.
In support of the EP, the band toured the west coast for a few weeks before returning to Seattle. Despite hopes that the group would continue, the EP and tour seemed to be more a matter of the band not wanting to leave unfinished business. A final track, “Lime Green Café,” recorded during the Pause and Clause sessions, turned up on the Masculine Makeover compilation, a benefit compilation released by Satellite City. It was the last song released by Sharks Keep Moving.
In the following years, the members of Sharks Keep Moving have found considerably more success with their other bands than they had in Sharks. Snider continues to front the successful Minus the Bear, who have to date released six full-length albums (the newest being VOIDS, released on March 3, 2017) and three EPs with Seattle label Suicide Squeeze Records (four of which Matt Bayles produced). He also played with Onalaska on their full-length album, To Sing For Nights. Nathan Turpen took a break from music to return to college and in 2014 joined Heiress who have released albums with Deathwish Inc. and The Mylene Sheath. Morgan Henderson played with The Blood Brothers until their break up in 2007, and now plays with Past Lives (along with fellow Blood Brothers members Mark Gajadhar and Jordan Blilie). Clark remained a member of Pretty Girls Make Graves until their break-up in 2007, and later joined ex-Blood Brother members Johnny Whitney and Cody Votolato in Jaguar Love until he left in 2009. Henderson and Dan Dean also played as backing musicians on Rocky Votolato’s second full length album, Burning My Travels Clean.
An odds and ends collection of Sharks Keep Moving material was announced by Status following the group’s breakup. The record was to contain all of the band’s 7” and compilation appearances, as well as some possible unreleased material and a remix. To date, this release has not materialized, and no further announcement has been made about the record.
Discography
Albums
Sharks Keep Moving (Status, 1999)
Sharks Keep Moving (Vinyl LP - Redwood Records, 1999)
7"s and EPs
Sharks Keep Moving/The Kentucky Pistol Split 7-inch (Henry's Finest Recordings, 1998)
Desert Strings and Drifters EP - (Second Nature Recordings, 1998)
Pause and Clause EP - (Status, 2002)
Compilations
"Westcott Bay, 1998" on Living Silent compilation - (Status)
"Logger" on It Goes Without Saying compilation - (Sign Language Records)
"Lime Green Café" on The Masculine Makeover compilation - Satellite City Records
"Jet's Jets" on A Collection compilation - (Redwood Records, 2000)
External links
Second Nature page
Musical groups from Washington (state)
Math rock groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks%20Keep%20Moving |
Willy Chirino (born April 5, 1947, in Consolación del Sur, Pinar del Río, Cuba) is a Cuban-American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer.
Early life
Following the communist revolution in Cuba, Chirino came to the United States in 1960 as part of Operation Peter Pan, designed to save children who were being abducted by the new communist regime. This U.S. government-sponsored program, in conjunction with the Catholic Welfare Bureau, provided refuge to approximately 14,000 Cuban children who were cared for in U.S. foster homes until their parents could flee Cuba and arrive in the U.S. Chirino later recorded a song, "Nuestro Día Ya Viene Llegando" ("Our Day is Coming"), loosely based on his experiences as a refugee from communism. The song has become something of an anthem for Cuban exiles everywhere.
Career
Chirino began his artistic career in Miami, releasing his first album in 1974. Since then, he has recorded over 20 albums, several of which have attained platinum and gold status. In 2006, his album "Son del Alma", won a Grammy for Best Salsa/Merengue Album. As founder of the Willy Chirino Foundation, his philanthropic efforts have been recognized by UNICEF and the Department of State. He celebrated his 35th anniversary in music with his latest released album "Willy Chirino Live-35th Anniversary" ("Willy Chirino En Vivo-35 Aniversario"), a CD/DVD combo of the concert. This album brought him his first nomination for Best Salsa Album at the 2007 Latin Grammy Awards. Most recently, Chirino and his wife, singer-songwriter Lissette Álvarez, released their first album together, Amarraditos (Bound to One Another). The CD includes a potpourri of classic Spanish-language love songs. Chirino's album, "Pa'lante", was released at spring 2008, after which he launched a world tour. In 2011, when asked of how his recordings of My Beatles Heart, he said that Sony scrutinized every single one of his songs and their versions because they consider the songs by The Beatles as one of their most precious treasures, and wanted to make sure they were being used in a rightful manner.
In 2014, Chirino received a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in Las Vegas for his music career.
Personal life
His first marriage to Olga Maria Rodriguez and bore three daughters: Angie, Olga Maria and Jessica. He later married Lissette Álvarez and had three more children: Nicolle, Alana, and Gianfranco. He has three grandchildren, Elis Regina, Andres and Dashiel. He and his wife support the Cuban dissident movement, Yo No Coopero Con La Dictadura (I Don't Cooperate with the Dictatorship).
Discography
1974: One Man Alone
1975: Chirino
1976: Chirino 3
1977: ¿Quién Salvó la Ciudad?
1978: Evolución
1979: Come into My Music
1980: Diferente
1981: La Salsa y Yo
1982: Chirinísimo
1983: Subiendo
1985: 14 Éxitos
1985: Zarabanda
1988: Amándote
1989: Lo que Está Pa' Ti
1990: Acuarela del Caribe
1991: Oxígeno
1992: Un Tipo Típico y Sus Éxitos
1992: Mis Primeros Éxitos
1993: South Beach
1994: Oro Salsero: 20 Éxitos
1994: Brillantes
1995: Asere
1996: Antología Tropical
1997: Baila Conmigo
1997: Oro Salsero: 10 Éxitos Vol. 1
1998: Oro Salsero: 10 Éxitos Vol. 2
1998: Cuba Libre
1999: 20th Anniversary
2000: Greatest Hits
2000: Soy
2001: Afro-Disiac
2002: 15 Éxitos
2003: Serie Azul Tropical
2004: Son del Alma
2005: Cubanísimo
2005: 20 Éxitos Originales
2006: En Vivo: 35° Aniversario
2007: Amarraditos
2007: Lo Esencial
2007: Tesoros de Colección
2008: Pa' Lante
2008: Grandes Éxitos en Vivo
2011: My Beatles Heart
2011: Mis Favoritas
2012: Llegó la Navidad
2013: Soy... I Am: Mis Canciones – My Songs
2014: Serie Platino
2018: Navidad en Familia
References
External links
Willy Chirino at Twitter
1947 births
Living people
People from Consolación del Sur
Salsa musicians
Cuban male singers
American entertainers of Cuban descent
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Exiles of the Cuban Revolution in the United States
Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Latin music record producers
Latin music songwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy%20Chirino |
Jake Snider (born March 22, 1976) is the former lead vocalist and guitarist in the band Minus the Bear. He also plays guitar in Onalaska. He has previously been a part of the bands Sharks Keep Moving and State Route 522. He also plays guitar in the Instrumental Rock Band The Jjen along with Justin Tamminga of Assertion.
Discography
State Route 522 7" - State Route 522 (1994, Henry's Finest Recordings)
The Excursion Compilation - State Route 522 (1995, Excursion Records)
Forecast Compilation - State Route 522 (1996, Excursion Records)
State Route 522/Lying On Loot Split 7" - State Route 522 (1996, Excursion Records)
Samson is Apollo - State Route 522 (EP 1997, Henry's Finest Recordings & Excursion Records)
Sharks Keep Moving/The Kentucky Pistol 7" split - Sharks Keep Moving (1997, Henry's Finest Recordings)
Desert Strings and Drifters - Sharks Keep Moving (EP 1998, Second Nature Recordings)
Full Length album - Sharks Keep Moving (1999, Status Recordings)
Retrospective - State Route 522 (2001, Status Recordings)
Pause and Clause - Sharks Keep Moving (2002, Status Recordings)
This Is What I Know About Being Gigantic - Minus the Bear (EP 2001, Suicide Squeeze Records)
Bands Like It When You Yell "Yar!" at Them - Minus the Bear (EP 2002, Suicide Squeeze Records)
To Sing For Nights - Onalaska (2002, Dim Mak Records)
Highly Refined Pirates - Minus the Bear (2002, Suicide Squeeze Records)
They Make Beer Commercials Like This - Minus the Bear (EP 2004, Arena Rock Recording Co.)
Menos el Oso - Minus the Bear (2005, Suicide Squeeze Records)
Planet of Ice - Minus the Bear (2007), Suicide Squeeze Records
You and the Fishermen - Onalaska (2007)
Acoustics - Minus the Bear (2008)
Omni - Minus The Bear (2010, Dangerbird Records)
Infinity Overhead - Minus The Bear (2012, Dangerbird Records)
Acoustics II - Minus The Bear (2013, Tigre Blanco Records)
Voids - Minus The Bear (2017, Suicide Squeeze Records)
Fair Enough EP - Minus The Bear (2018, Suicide Squeeze Records)
External links
Minus the Bear official site
Onalaska site run by Tom Harpel
1976 births
Living people
American male guitarists
American male singers
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
Singers from Washington (state)
Minus the Bear members
Musicians from Seattle
Guitarists from Washington (state)
21st-century American singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%20Snider |
Unquillosaurus (meaning "Unquillo river lizard") is a genus of possible maniraptoran or carnosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Los Blanquitos Formation of Salta Province, Argentina. The genus contains a single species, U. ceibalii, known only from a single fossilized pubis (a pelvic bone).
Discovery and naming
The holotype, PVL 3670-11, was found at Arroyo-Morterito in the Los Blanquitos Formation, dating to the Campanian. It consists of a left pubis, long. The specimen was re-studied by Fernando Novas and Federico Agnolin in 2004, who concluded that the orientation of the pubis had been misinterpreted: it pointed backwards, as was shown by the fossil still being attached to a displaced part of the pubic peduncle of the ilium.
The type species Unquillosaurus ceibalii was described by Jaime Eduardo Powell in 1979. The generic name, "Unquillosaurus," is derived from the river Unquillo and the Greek word, "sauros," meaning "lizard." The specific name, "ceibalii," refers to the town El Ceibal.
Classification
Powell originally assigned Unquillosaurus to the Carnosauria in 1986. In 2004, Novas and Agnolin concluded from the opisthopubic pelvic anatomy that Unquillosaurus was part of the Maniraptora or at least Maniraptoriformes, and likely closely related to either the Avialae or the bird-like Alvarezsauridae; perhaps it was itself a bird, a basal member of the Metornithes. In 2006 however, Novas stated that Unquillosaurus probably belonged to the maniraptoran clade Dromaeosauridae. Carrano et al. in 2012, placed the animal back in Carnosauria, specifically Carcharodontosauria, noting that the original interpretation was likely correct and that the animal has many similarities to Giganotosaurus.
Description
Based on the fragmentary fossil remains, it is estimated that Unquillosaurus may have had a total body length of about .
Paleoecology
Unquillosaurus is known from the Los Blanquitos Formation. The abelisaurid theropod Guemesia is also known from this formation, as well as fossils of what may belong to a species of Titanosaurus.
See also
Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
References
Prehistoric tetanurans
Campanian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Salta Basin
Fossil taxa described in 1979
Taxa named by Jaime Powell | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unquillosaurus |
Noarlunga ( ) is a South Australian placename which refer to several entities within the southern Adelaide metropolitan area. For all placenames including the word Noarlunga, the etymology used for the Hundred of Noarlunga applies. Noarlunga may refer to any of the following:
Old Noarlunga, South Australia, known as Noarlunga from 1840 until 1978
Noarlunga Centre, South Australia, suburb established 1978
City of Noarlunga, a former local government area
Hundred of Noarlunga, a cadastral unit
Noarlunga railway station (1914–1969) on Willunga railway line
Noarlunga Centre railway station established 1978
Noarlunga Football Club, an Australian rules football club
Noarlunga United, a soccer football club
Noarlunga Hospital, located in Noarlunga Centre
See also
Noarlunga Centre, South Australia
Noarlunga Downs, South Australia
Port Noarlunga (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noarlunga |
was a Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work in Japan and Formosa, present day Taiwan.
Early life
Hayata was born to a devout Buddhist family in Kamo, Niigata on December 2, 1874. When he was 16, Hayata became interested in botany, and he joined the Botanical Society of Tokyo in 1892. His schooling was delayed by a series of family tragedies, and he graduated middle school at the age of 23. He then attended high school and began to collect botanical samples.
Hayata enrolled in the botany program at the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1900. He graduated in 1903, and entered the graduate program under Jinzō Matsumura. He was appointed assistant at the Koishikawa Botanical Gardens in 1904. In 1907, he completed his Doctor of Sciences degree.
Career
In 1908, Hayata was promoted to lecturer in the Department of Botany at the Imperial University of Tokyo. Hayata undertook a botanical expedition to Tonkin in 1917, and was promoted to Associate Professor of the University of Tokyo in 1919. In 1922, he was promoted to a full professorship as the third Professor of Systematic Botany at the University of Tokyo after the departure of Matsumura. He was appointed director of the botanical garden in 1924. He retired in 1930, and he died in 1934 at the age of 59.
Legacy
Hayata described a total of over 1,600 different taxa, most of which are from Taiwan, but also include plants from Japan, China and Vietnam. From a list of Taiwanese plants currently recognized in the flora of Taiwan in 2003, 549 species, or 14% of Taiwan's flora, were described by Hayata. One example is the species Taiwania cryptomerioides, which Hayata himself saw the discovery of.
Awards
In 1920, the Imperial Academy of Japan awarded Hayata the Prince Katsura Commemoration Prize for his contribution to the flora of Formosa.
Selected publications
Hayata's publications cover a period of more than 30 years, during which he authored more than 150 scientific articles and books.
1906: On Taiwania, a new genus of Coniferae from the island of Formosa. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol. 37, pp. 330–331.
1908: Flora Montana Formosae. An enumeration of the plants found on Mt. Morrison, the central chain, and other mountainous regions of Formosa at altitudes of 3,000-13,000 ft. In: J. Coll. Sci. Imperial Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 25, pp. 1–260.
1911: Materials for a Flora of Formosa. In: J. Coll. Sci. Imperial Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 30, pp. 1–471.
1911–1921: Icones Plantarum Formosanarum . 10 Volumes. Bureau of Productive Industries, Government of Formosa, Taihoku, Taiwan.
1921: The Natural Classification of Plants according to the Dynamic System. In: Icones Plantarum Formosanarum. Vol. 10, pp. 97–234.
1931: Über das "Dynamische System“ der Pflanzen. In: Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 49, pp. 328–348.
External links
References
20th-century Japanese botanists
Botanists active in Japan
1874 births
1934 deaths
People from Niigata Prefecture
University of Tokyo
19th-century Japanese botanists
Japanese taxonomists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunz%C5%8D%20Hayata |
Erin Tate is the former drummer of Seattle-based indie rock band Minus the Bear and Hand of the Hills, a side project started with David Totten (The Quiet Ones, Scriptures) and Matt Benham (Black Swedes). Before starting Minus the Bear in 2001, he was a member of Kill Sadie. He has also played drums for Askeleton, Amy Blaschke, Heather Duby, Onalaska, These Arms Are Snakes, and Shampoop.
References
Living people
American drummers
Musicians from Seattle
Minus the Bear members
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%20Tate |
Ken Gregory (1960) is a Canadian media artist who works with DIY interface design, hardware hacking, audio, video, and computer programming. He is based in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Career
Gregory's work has been exhibited internationally in media art and sound art festivals.
Collections
Gregory's work 12 Motor Bells is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada.
References
External links
Official Site
Canadian sound artists
Artists from Winnipeg
Living people
1960 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Gregory |
James Anthony Burke (March 30, 1910 – October 13, 1983) was a United States Representative from Massachusetts from 1959 to 1979.
He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was educated in the Boston public schools and Lincoln Preparatory School and attended Suffolk University.
Burke was a real estate salesman, and served in appointive positions including registrar of vital statistics for the city of Boston.
He was a Democrat, and served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1937 to 1939.
During World War II Burke was a special agent in Counter-intelligence, attached to the 77th Infantry Division in the South Pacific.
After the war he was again elected to the Massachusetts House, serving four terms, 1947 to 1955, and attaining the position of assistant majority leader.
He served as vice chairman of the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee for four years. He was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor in 1954, and ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 1956.
In 1958 Burke was elected to the Eighty-sixth Congress. He was reelected to the nine succeeding Congresses, and served from January 3, 1959, to January 3, 1979. He rose through seniority to become the second-ranking Democrat on the Ways and Means Committee, and was considered an expert on the Social Security system. Burke was not a candidate for reelection in 1978 to the Ninety-sixth Congress.
He was a resident of Milton, Massachusetts, until his death in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 13, 1983, and his interment was at Milton Cemetery in Milton, Massachusetts.
See also
Massachusetts legislature: 1937–1938, 1947–1948, 1949–1950, 1951–1952, 1953–1954
Note
1. The 18th Suffolk District sent two representatives to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1939. Michael Paul Feeney and Frank J. Morrison succeeded Burke and Patrick J. Welsh.
References
External links
1910 births
1983 deaths
Politicians from Boston
Suffolk University alumni
Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Politicians from Milton, Massachusetts
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
20th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20A.%20Burke%20%28Massachusetts%20politician%29 |
Udanoceratops (meaning "Udan's horned face") is a genus of large leptoceratopsid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia, in what is now the Djadokhta Formation.
Discovery
Udanoceratops was first named and described by Russian paleontologist Sergei Kurzanov in 1992 and the type species is Udanoceratops tschizhovi. The holotype (PIN 3907/11) was collected during the 1980s at the Udan Sayr (also spelled Udyn Sayr or Üüden Sair) locality of the Djadokhta Formation in Ömnögovi Province, dating to the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. The generic name is derived from the name of the locality in which the holotype was found (Udan Sayr) and Greek ceras/κέρας meaning "horn" and -ops/ωψ meaning "face". Udanoceratops is best known from the holotype specimen, which represents a large individual comprising a large, relatively well-preserved and almost complete skull, and sparse body remains including vertebrae.
In 1993 a large skull ("nearly 1 m long") assigned to Udanoceratops was reported from the nearby Bayan Mandahu Formation by paleontologist Tomasz Jerzykiewicz. However, Polish paleontologist Łukasz Czepiński in 2020 pointed out that there are no referable specimens to Udanoceratops from the Bayan Mandahu collections, and it is most likely that these remains were confused with the concurring (and relatively large) Protoceratops hellenikorhinus.
In 2004 Viktor S. Tereschhenko referred a juvenile specimen (PIN 4046/11) to Udanoceratops aff. tschizhovi, from the Baga Tariach locality in Dornogovi Province, which Tereschhenko attributed to the Djadokhta Formation. Geological analyses carried out across fossiliferous localities of the Gobi Desert published by Mahito Watabe and team in 2010, indicates that this locality instead correlates best with the Maastrichtian-stage Barun Goyot Formation. The assignment of this specimen, however, has varied since then from "Udanoceratops" sp., to ?Udanoceratops sp.
Description
Udanoceratops was a large ceratopsian, estimated at to have reached nearly long with a weight of . It is the largest leptoceratopsid known so far. The skull had a short frill and no horns over the eyes or nose. Its skull was about long. The lower jaw was distinctively robust.
Classification
Udanoceratops belonged to the Ceratopsia (the name is derived Greek meaning 'horned face'), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period. It is placed within the Leptoceratopsidae, as the only Asian representative at the time, along with the North American Leptoceratops, Montanoceratops and Prenoceratops.
Paleobiology
Udanoceratops, like all ceratopsians, was a herbivore. The short, deep jaws would have given the animal a powerful bite. The toothless beak would have served to grasp and crop stems or leaves, and as in other leptoceratopsids, the teeth would have met with an action that combined shearing and crushing. The feeding adaptations seen in leptoceratopsids suggest a diet of relatively tough food items, however little is known about the plants that grew in the Gobi Desert during the Cretaceous.
See also
Timeline of ceratopsian research
References
External links
Leptoceratopsids
Ornithischian genera
Campanian genera
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Djadochta fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1992
Taxa named by Sergei Kurzanov
Ceratopsians of Asia
Late Cretaceous ceratopsians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udanoceratops |
Gate Studios was one of the many studios known collectively as Elstree Studios in the town of Borehamwood, England. Opened in 1928, the studios were in use until the early 1950s. The studios had previously been known as Whitehall Studios, Consolidated Studios, J.H. Studios and M.P. Studios.
History
A single large stage was built in Station Road, Borehamwood, in 1928 by Whitehall Films Ltd, but the company was dissolved in 1930, and its studio sold to Audible Filmcraft, who, in turn, crashed in August 1932. Consolidated Film Studios took over the lease in November 1933, then Independent Producers Studios acquired the studio in July 1935. In November 1935, Julius Hagen, the owner of Twickenham Studios, bought the site and formed a new company, J.H. Studios. Financial problems forced Hagen to sell the studios to M.P. Productions in 1937. The studios were acquired by the Anglo-American Film Corporation in September 1938. During World War II, the studio was used by the government for storage.
In 1950, the site was bought by J. Arthur Rank, who renamed it Gate Studios and made religious films. The last film produced was John Wesley in 1954, and the site was sold to Andrew Harkness, a manufacturer of cinema screens. Harkness Screens moved out of the site in 2004 having established a global manufacturing base in France and the US and relocated its UK operation to a new production facility in Stevenage. The building in Borehamwood was demolished in 2006 to make way for 133 new properties, the development being named Gate Studios in homage to the former site.
Films shot at the studios
Whitehall Studios
The following films were shot at Whitehall Studios.
J.H. Studios
The following films were shot at J.H. Studios.
M.P. Studios
The following films were shot at M.P. Studios.
Gate Studios
The following films were shot at Gate Studios.
See also
:Category:Films shot at Station Road Studios, Elstree
Lists of productions shot at the other Elstree studios:
List of films and television shows shot at Elstree Studios
List of films and television shows shot at Clarendon Road Studios
List of films shot at MGM-British Studios, Elstree
References
External links
Elstree Screen Heritage, "Creating a record of The Gate Studios"
"Remembering the Gate Studios" DVD, at Elstree Screen Heritage
"The Gate Studios" at the Elstree and Boreham Wood Museum website
British film studios
Film production companies of the United Kingdom
Borehamwood
Demolished buildings and structures in England
Buildings and structures demolished in 2006
Buildings and structures in Hertfordshire
History of Hertfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate%20Studios |
Paul William Cronin (March 14, 1938 – April 5, 1997) was a one-term congressman of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts.
Cronin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 14, 1938, and graduated from Boston University in 1962 and the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1969. He was elected as an Andover, Massachusetts selectman at the age of 24, was later elected as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1967-1969. Before his election to Congress, he also served as a member of Rep. F. Bradford Morse's Congressional Staff, and as a delegate to Republican National Conventions in both 1968 and 1972.
In 1972, he was elected as a Republican to the Ninety-third Congress, defeating future US Senator and Presidential candidate John Kerry, who had moved to the Fifth District to seek the seat after Rep. Morse resigned to take a post at the United Nations. Cronin's victory was a huge upset against the anti-war candidate Kerry. He had trailed at one point by more than 20%, and his victory was often accredited to harsh attacks by The Lowell Sun, which attacked Kerry for being an elitist carpetbagger and for his questioning of the patriotism of those who supported the war.
In the House, Cronin served on the Interior Committee, and began a process that led ultimately to the creation, years later, of an urban park in Lowell. A businessman and non-ideologue at heart, Cronin placed himself in the moderate wing of his party.
In 1974, his first bid for re-election, Cronin faced an assertive challenge from a Lowell-based county commissioner Paul Tsongas, who seized on President Nixon's impeachment troubles in what turned out to be a bad year, electorally, for Republicans nationwide. Tsongas demanded that Cronin release his income tax returns, but the congressman declined; Cronin also declined to debate Tsongas. Tsongas also made political hay over the failure of a technology firm, Mostek, to locate a facility in Lowell after Cronin had promised the firm would do so. A memorable Tsongas radio ad featured echoing footsteps in an empty building. In the November election, Tsongas won 61% of the vote—and went on to become a US Senator and a candidate for President of the United States in 1992.
Cronin later in life would serve a number of positions at Massachusetts Port Authority, and he unsuccessfully sought the GOP nomination for governor against William Weld. In 1992, Cronin won the Republican nomination to regain his old seat against a weak incumbent Chester G. Atkins. However, Atkins, who had been caught up in the House check-kiting scandal, would be defeated in the primary by an up-and-coming Democratic star, Martin T. Meehan, who in turn would defeat Cronin in the General Election 52% to 38%. Cronin died on April 5, 1997, from a brain tumor at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and was buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Andover.
References
Source:
1938 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Boston University alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Deaths from brain cancer in the United States
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
Massachusetts Port Authority people
United States congressional aides
Politicians from Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20W.%20Cronin |
The Eight Anthologies, known as Eṭṭuttokai () or "Eight Collections" in the literature, is a classical Tamil poetic work that forms part of the Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku) anthology series of the Sangam Literature. The Eight Anthologies and its companion anthology, the Ten Idylls (Pattuppāṭṭu), is the oldest available Tamil literature. According to Kamil Zvelebil, a scholar of Tamil literature and history, dating these Eight Anthologies or their relative chronology is difficult, but the scholarship so far suggested that the earliest layers were composed sometime between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE, while the last layers were completed between 3rd and 5th century CE.
Contents of the anthologies
The Eight Anthologies consist of 2,371 poems varying from small stanzas of three lines in Ainkurnuru to stanzas of forty lines in Purananuru. The following poems form the Eight Anthologies:
Ainkurunuru (ஐங்குறுநூறு)
Akananuru (அகநானூறு)
Purananuru (புறநானூறு)
Kalittokai (கலித்தொகை)
Kuruntokai (குறுந்தொகை)
Natrinai (நற்றிணை)
Paripatal (பரிபாடல்)
Pathitrupathu (பதிற்றுப்பத்து)
This compilation of eight anthologies into the Ettuttokai super-anthology is historic. It is attested to in a mnemonic Tamil venpa stanza, likely composed sometime at a much later date after the 5th-century. The stanza is found in the colophons of many of the surviving palm-leaf manuscripts, and confirms the cherished status of this Sangam collection in the Tamil history. This stanza aid reads:
Translation:
Date
Tamil tradition mentions academies of poets that composed classical literature over thousands of years before the common era, a belief that scholars consider a myth. Some scholars date the Sangam literature between c. 300 BCE and 300 CE, while others variously place this early classical Tamil literature period a bit later and more narrowly but mostly before 300 CE. According to Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature and history scholar, the most acceptable range for the majority of Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within the texts and the colophons. Some of the later strata of the Sangam literature, including the Eight Anthologies, is approximately from the 3rd to 5th century CE.
Rediscovery
The Ettuttokai along with other Sangam literature had fallen into oblivion for much of the 2nd millennium of the common era, but were preserved by and rediscovered in the monasteries of Hinduism, particularly those related to Shaivism near Kumbhakonam. These rediscovered palm-leaf (Tamil: olai, Sanskrit: talapatra) manuscripts were published by the colonial era scholars in late 19th century.
Authors
There are 470 poets known either by their proper names or by causal names deduced from their works. The authors are unidentified in the case of a hundred stanzas. The poets belonged to different parts of Tamil Nadu and to different professions.
Some of them were very popular like Kabilar, Nakkirar and Avvaiyaar and some others are rarely remembered by their names. Yet a general harmony prevails throughout these eight anthologies. The tone and temper of the age is reflected in all their poems with a singular likeness. They were moulded according to certain literary conventions or traditions that prevailed in the Sangam age. Yet they reveal the individual genius of the poets who sang them.
Examples
The Sangam literature is categorized into two: love or inner (Akam) or public life or outer (Puram).
A verse from the 69th poem of Akanaṉūṟu :
"விண்பொரு நெடுவரை இயல் தேர் மோரியர்
பொன் புனை திகிரி திரிதர குறைத்த
அறை இறந்து அகன்றனர் ஆயினும், எனையதூஉம்
நீடலர் வாழி தோழி!"
The verse speaks about the elegant chariots on which the Mauryans rode through mountains and valleys and are referred to as "moriyar". These anthologies are significant source of cultural and historic information about ancient Tamil Nadu and South India.
Akaval metre
Of the eight anthologies five are on Agam, two on Puram, and one on both. Six of them are in 'agaval' metre which is a kind of verse, interspersed with alliterations and rhymes. The poems on Agam as well as Puram theme are written in this metre and its regulated and subtle music adds to the poetic beauty. This metre is a simple but wonderful instrument, which causes no impediment to the freedom of expression of the poet. It has been found to be an appropriate and natural medium for the expression of the valuable experience of the poets.
Kali metres
The other two anthologies that are not written in agaval metre are Kaliththogai and Paripaatal. The poems of Kaliththogai are in Kali metre which is known for its dramatic and lyrical qualities and which, according to Tolkappiyam is well suited to express the emotions of the lovers. There is repetition of certain lines and phrases and this, added to the haunting music of the metre, is very appealing.
Paripaadal metre
Paripaadal is a metre full of rhythm and music and the anthology known by this name consists of songs composed in this metre. There are religious poems as well as those on love-themes. The love-theme is worked against the background of bathing festivities. These songs were sung in different tunes as is evident from the notes on the music at the end of these. The names of the musicians who set tunes to these songs are also mentioned therein.
Religion in the Eight Anthologies
In general, the texts are non-religious, mostly about love, longing, bardic praise of the king, chieftain or patron and such topics. They occasionally mention reverence or include lines alluding to Hindu gods (particularly Murugan), goddesses, Vedas, Puranic legends and temples. The Paripaatal is a notable exception. This is a collection of devotional poems (bhakti), which are set to music and written primarily about Thirumal (Vishnu), Murugan and the river Vaigai.
See also
Eighteen Greater Texts
Sangam literature
Notes
References
Bibliography
Sangam literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight%20Anthologies |
Donald Lamar Adams (November 27, 1947 – December 25, 2013) was an American professional basketball player. He was tall and weighed .
Born in Atlanta, Adams attended South Fulton High School in Fulton, Georgia. He played college basketball for the Northwestern Wildcats and was selected in the 8th round of the 1970 NBA draft by the San Diego Rockets. In his National Basketball Association (NBA) career, Adams averaged 8.7 points per game, 5.6 rebounds per game and 1.8 assists per game. In the ABA, Adams averaged 10.1 points per game, 5.1 rebounds per game and 3.9 assists per game.
Adams worked as a financial advisor and lived in Southfield, Michigan, after his retirement from playing. He was married and had two children. Adams died at Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak on December 25, 2013.
NBA/ABA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| San Diego
| 82 || – || 29.0 || .409 || – || .731 || 7.1 || 2.1 || – || – || 11.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Houston
| 3 || – || 13.7 || .316 || – || .500 || 2.7 || 1.0 || – || – || 4.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 70 || – || 29.0 || .394 || – || .747 || 7.1 || 2.0 || – || – || 11.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 4 || – || 19.0 || .211 || – || .875 || 5.5 || 1.3 || – || – || 5.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Detroit
| 70 || – || 25.7 || .402 || – || .784 || 6.0 || 1.6 || – || – || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Detroit
| 74 || – || 31.1 || .408 || – || .761 || 6.1 || 1.9 || 1.5 || .2 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Detroit
| 51 || – || 31.1 || .403 || – || .577 || 4.8 || 1.5 || 1.4 || .4 || 5.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| St. Louis
| 16 || – || 21.4 || .429 || .000 || .773 || 4.3 || 3.4 || .8 || .1 || 6.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| St. Louis
| 20 || – || 36.3 || .394 || .000 || .759 || 5.8 || 4.4 || 1.9 || .4 || 13.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Buffalo
| 56 || – || 12.6 || .394 || – || .702 || 2.6 || 1.3 || .5 || .1 || 3.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Buffalo
| 77 || – || 22.2 || .411 || – || .746 || 4.8 || 1.9 || 1.0 || .2 || 7.3
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 523 || – || 25.8 || .402 || .000 || .741 || 5.6 || 1.9 || 1.1 || .2 || 8.8
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Atlanta
| 6 || – || 31.3 || .357 || – || .696 || 6.3 || 2.0 || – || – || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Detroit
| 7 || – || 36.6 || .384 || – || .571 || 7.3 || 2.9 || .9 || .1 || 9.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| St. Louis
| 10 || – || 30.1 || .427 || .000 || .714 || 4.7 || 4.6 || 1.7 || 1.1 || 9.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Buffalo
| 9 || – || 13.6 || .417 || – || .857 || 3.0 || 1.4 || .2 || .0 || 4.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 32 || – || 27.1 || .397 || .000 || .694 || 5.1 || 2.8 || 1.0 || .5 || 7.7
References
1947 births
2013 deaths
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from Atlanta
Buffalo Braves players
Detroit Pistons players
Houston Rockets players
Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
San Diego Rockets draft picks
San Diego Rockets players
Spirits of St. Louis players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Adams%20%28basketball%29 |
Churchlands is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Churchlands is named for the western suburb of Churchlands, which falls within its borders, and was created at the 1994 redistribution, replacing the seat of Floreat which had existed since 1968.
It was held for most of its history by Liz Constable, the independent former member for Floreat who had won the predecessor seat in a 1991 by-election. However, the seat's demographics suggested it was a strongly Liberal seat on paper, and it was taken for granted Constable would be succeeded by a Liberal once she retired. Constable retired at the 2013 election, and was succeeded as expected by Liberal Sean L'Estrange. L'Estrange held the seat until his unexpected defeat by Christine Tonkin in 2021.
Demographics
Churchlands and the neighbouring electorates of Nedlands to the southeast and Cottesloe to the southwest comprise the affluent western suburbs of Perth—the Australian Bureau of Statistics's SEIFA index (2001) ranked them as the highest three electorates by socio-economic status in Western Australia, with high scores on educational and employment opportunity. At the 2006 census, the median individual income in the Churchlands electorate, based on its 2005 boundaries, was $607 per week compared to $513 in the Perth metropolitan area, and the median weekly household income was $1,115 compared to $1,086 across Perth. 45.4% of the population were professionals or managers.
All three seats were considered comfortably safe Liberal seats, until the 2021 state election, and they are almost entirely within the federal seat of Curtin, which was safe Liberal as well until teal independent Kate Chaney won it in 2022.
Members for Churchlands
Election results
References
External links
Electorate profile (Antony Green, ABC)
Churchlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Churchlands |
Denne Bart Petitclerc (May 15, 1929 – February 3, 2006) was an American journalist, war correspondent, author, television producer, and screenwriter.
Biography
Born in Montesano, Washington, Petitclerc was five years old when his father, Edmund Petitclerc, reportedly took him to Seattle to see the angel atop the Bon Marché department store Christmas tree. His father told young Petitclerc to watch the angel and that he would be right back. He abandoned the family and never returned.
His mother, Grace Petitclerc (née Meyers), abandoned with two children, decided to place Petitclerc and his older sister, Frances, in an orphanage in San Jose in order to go to school. His mother would earn a doctorate and teach at UC Berkeley. She also wrote books about educating handicapped children.
Career
In 1950, Petitclerc became a Korean War correspondent for the Santa Rosa Press Democrat. He also worked for the San Francisco Chronicle and the Miami Herald.
In the 1950s while living and working in Florida, Petitclerc wrote a fan letter to writer Ernest Hemingway. He received a response from Hemingway and they became friends. On one of their fishing trips Hemingway alluded to a yet unfinished book he believed would make a great film. Later Petitclerc would adapt Hemingway's novel and wrote the screenplay for the film Islands in the Stream.
In the 1960s he wrote his first script for the television show Bonanza and soon was working on the long time series. He became the show's executive story editor. In 1969 he created for NBC Then Came Bronson, a one-hour drama television show about a motorcycle riding news reporter searching for the meaning of life. He also helped launch The High Chaparral (1967–1971) for NBC. He wrote the pilot and other episodes.
His book Le Mans 24 was a novelization of the film Le Mans starring Steve McQueen.
Speaking of Petitclerc in the Los Angeles Times Peter Bart, editor in chief of Variety said, "He was a master at translating, keeping the essence of Hemingway's attitudes and ideas but framing them into lines that an actor could speak on the screen."
Petitclerc wrote several movies for television and the screenplay for the 1972 feature film Red Sun with Charles Bronson and Toshirō Mifune. Other credits include the television movies Key West, Men of the Dragon, The Woman Who Sinned, The Vivero Letter and The Cowboy and The Ballerina.
In 1969, Petitclerc donated his collection of Hemingway's letters to Sonoma State University in Rohnert Park, California.
Later years and death
Petitclerc was led to Ketchum, Idaho, by Ernest Hemingway who moved there in the early 1960s. Petitclerc lived there for the last thirty-five years. He died on February 3, 2006, in Los Angeles due to complications from lung cancer.
According to Variety, Petitclerc was working on Papa: Hemingway in Cuba, a film based on his relationship with Hemingway, at the time of his death. When he died the film was in development. The film was released in 2015.
Award nomination
Islands in the Stream (1974). Nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award for his screenplay adaptation of Hemingway's novel.
Books
Rage of Honor. Doubleday: 1966.
Le Mans 24. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: 1971. .
Destinies. Simon and Schuster: 1981. (Co-author Peter Bart.) .
References
External links
1929 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
American male novelists
American male screenwriters
American television directors
Deaths from lung cancer in California
People from Ketchum, Idaho
People from Montesano, Washington
American war correspondents
Novelists from Washington (state)
Novelists from Idaho
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from Washington (state)
Screenwriters from Idaho
20th-century American screenwriters
War correspondents of the Korean War
Writers Guild of America Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denne%20Bart%20Petitclerc |
Nintendo European Research & Development (NERD) is a French subsidiary for Nintendo, located in Paris, which develops software technologies and middleware for Nintendo platforms. This includes retro console emulators, patented video codecs, and DRM technology.
The organization originated as Mobiclip and Actimagine () with notable customers including Nintendo, Sony Pictures Digital, and Fisher-Price. Nintendo licensed Mobiclip compression technology for the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS video game consoles, used by popular games such as Square Enix's Final Fantasy III and Konami's Contra 4. Fisher-Price used them for its Pixter Multi-Media educational toy. Sony Pictures Digital and The Carphone Warehouse used Mobiclip software to deliver TV-like full-length movies on MicroSD memory cards for smart phones. Nintendo purchased the company, to create NERD.
History
Actimagine was established in March 2003 by a team of engineers (Eric Bécourt, Alexandre Delattre, Laurent Hiriart, Jérôme Larrieu, Sylvain Quendez) and a businessman (André Pagnac). Actimagine started out with mobile gaming consoles. The video compression technology offered by Mobiclip was an optimized response to the battery life and video quality requirements of Nintendo video gaming platforms: Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Wii, and Nintendo 3DS.
The Mobiclip codec provides high video quality with low battery consumption and has been selected by major studios, such as Sony Pictures Digital, Paramount, Fox and Gaumont Columbia TriStar Films, and by leading handset manufacturers, such as Nokia or Sony Ericsson, to deliver video on memory cards for mobile phones.
In April 2006, Actimagine raised €3 million in equity financing from US venture capital firm GRP Partners. This first round of institutional fund raising enabled Actimagine to accelerate its business development in the US and Japan.
The same year, Adobe acquired Actimagine's Flash rendering engine optimized for mobile devices.
In 2008, Mobiclip launched the first application delivering live TV on the iPhone, a year before Apple.
In October 2011, Mobiclip was bought by Nintendo and is now a subsidiary of the latter. Since then it is now known as "Nintendo European Research & Development" or "NERD".
In 2017, the United States branch was merged with Nintendo Technology Development.
Mobiclip video codecs
Mobiclip was developed with a completely different algorithm from the one used for other video codecs on the market, based on minimal use of the processor resources, allowing battery life to be increased considerably and the cost of the hardware to be reduced.
Nintendo licensing
Nintendo selected Mobiclip as its main provider of video codec technologies on the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Nintendo Wii and Nintendo 3DS.
Major software titles used it for in-game cinematics, including:
GBA Video series on the Game Boy Advance
Dragon Quest IX: Sentinels of the Starry Skies on Nintendo DS
Professor Layton series on Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS
Fire Emblem Awakening on Nintendo 3DS.
Wii no Ma and Nintendo Channel on Wii.
eCrew Development Program, the extremely rare Japanese McDonald's training game for the Nintendo DS.
The Legendary Starfy on Nintendo DS.
Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days on Nintendo DS.
List of technologies developed by NERD
Retro console emulation
Kachikachi: NES emulation for the NES Classic Edition Canoe: Super NES emulation for the Super NES Classic Edition (co-developed with Intelligent Systems)
L-CLASSICS: NES & Super NES emulation for Nintendo Switch Online
Hiyoko: Game Boy & Game Boy Color emulation for Nintendo Switch Online
Hovercraft: Nintendo 64 emulation for Nintendo Switch Online and Super Mario 3D All-Stars (co-developed with iQue)
m2engage: Sega Genesis emulation for Nintendo Switch Online (co-developed with M2)
Sloop: Game Boy Advance emulation for Nintendo Switch Online (co-developed with Panasonic Vietnam)
Hagi: GameCube & Wii emulation for Super Mario 3D All-Stars and other Nintendo Switch re-releases, e.g. Pikmin 1 & 2 Hachihachi: Nintendo DS emulation for the Wii U Virtual Console
Other technologies
Mobiclip video codecs for smartphone / Game Boy Advance / Nintendo DS / Nintendo 3DS / Wii
Media player for Wii U Internet Browser
Wii U Chat (co-developed with Nintendo Software Technology and Vidyo)
Super-stable 3D display on New Nintendo 3DS
Nintendo Labo VR Kit (co-developed with Nintendo EPD)
Downloadable Wii games on the Wii U eShop
Deep learning middleware for Dr Kawashima's Brain Training for Nintendo Switch Heart rate detection system in Joy-Con, used in Ring Fit Adventure Providing expertise in areas such as steering control, low-latency video capture and streaming and location tracking for Mario Kart Live: Home Circuit Filtering Expertise and Gesture Tracking for Nintendo Switch Sports''
References
Mobile content
Nintendo divisions and subsidiaries
Video game companies established in 2003
Companies based in Paris
Video game development companies
French subsidiaries of foreign companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo%20European%20Research%20%26%20Development |
Susanna "Zan" Rowe is an Australian radio and television presenter. she works for ABC digital radio station Double J.
Early life
Rowe grew up in Melbourne. She attended university at RMIT University, majoring in radio and cinema.
Career
Radio
Rowe started out at SRA FM in 1996 (now SYN Radio) on a show called Run with the Hunted, before moving to the Monday drive shift on 3RRR 102.7FM presenting Transit Lounge from 2002–2004.
In 2005, she joined Triple J as weekend lunch host.
In 2006, she became host of Mornings on Triple J, broadcasting weekdays between 9am and 12pm. She hosted this show on the network until December 2017.
Rowe began the podcast Bang on with Myf Warhurst in March 2017.
On 4 December 2017, Rowe announced she would be leaving Triple J and joining digital radio network Double J. In 2018 she started at Double J as host of the Mornings show. The show is the home of her flagship feature and podcast, Take 5. The segment has featured many guests over the years, including Paul McCartney, Damon Albarn, Kylie Minogue, Tori Amos and Peter Garrett.
Television
In 2009, Rowe joined music presenter Richard Kingsmill in presenting a special edition of Rage, Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time, broadcast over two nights on the weekend of Friday 7 August 2009.
In 2015–2016, Rowe presented The Critics for ABC iview, a program on screen culture.
In 2017, Rowe was announced as one of the panellists for ABC TV's new screen review show Screen Time, hosted by Chris Taylor.
Since 2017, Rowe and Charlie Pickering have hosted the New Year's Eve countdown show on the ABC.
Rowe presents a weekly segment "The Beat" on News Breakfast to discuss music news. She has also hosted various other programs on the ABC, including Double J, as well as written for the ABC about the Australian musical industry.
From 2020, Rowe co-hosted weekly music program The Sound on the ABC. Rowe was one of the hosts of the ABC's 90th birthday celebration in 2022, alongside Tony Armstrong, and Craig Reucassel.
Rowe hosts Take 5, a television version of her radio segment, which premiered in September 2022. A second series premiered from 8 October 2023.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Triple J announcers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%20Rowe |
"Shriners Convention" is a song written and recorded by American musician Ray Stevens. It is based on Stevens' experiences at an Atlanta hotel where an actual Shriners convention was being held.
Shriners have taken the song as good-natured humor, and have even welcomed Stevens' participation in fundraising activities, as his fame attracts more attendees to charity events. It has been suggested that Stevens' presence indicates that Shriners have a sense of humor about themselves, making the group seem more accessible.
Content
The premise of the song is the "43rd Annual Convention of the Grand Mystic Royal Order of the Nobles of the Ali Baba Temple of the Shrine." Each verse describes a different aspect of the convention: first a parade, then a formal banquet, and finally a ceremonial "secret meeting", which is actually a poker game.
"Meanwhile, back at the motel..."
The song's humor includes a series of phone calls between two Shriners from the Hahira delegation: "Illustrious Potentate" Bubba, and "Noble Lumpkin" Coy, the latter of whom fails to show up at any convention gatherings, choosing instead to carouse at the motel with his Harley, dishonoring the whole delegation. Bubba eventually kicks Coy out of the Shrine, but Coy undauntedly considers joining the Hells Angels, cranks his motorcycle and hangs up.
While only Bubba's side of the conversation is heard, Coy's comments are made known through Bubba's replies. This comedy format is similar to routines by Shelley Berman and Bob Newhart.
Remake
In 1983 Stevens re-recorded the song, adding a reference to the Knights of Columbus in the dialogue.
Music video
A video for "Shriners Convention" appears in Stevens's 1995 direct-to-video film, Get Serious! The song also ties into the film's plot, wherein a genuine Illustrious Potentate and country sheriff named Bubba, along with his deputy Coy (who in truth somewhat enjoys being mistaken for the Coy of the song) and certain family members and friends, believe that Stevens is deliberately misrepresenting them in his songs. All of this alludes to another Stevens song, "Dudley Do-Right of the Highway Patrol”.
Chart performance
References
External links
Editorial of a Canadian Freemason Lodge commenting on negative stereotypes in "Shriners Convention."
1980 songs
1980 singles
Ray Stevens songs
Songs written by Ray Stevens
RCA Records singles
Shriners
Comedy songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriner%27s%20Convention |
The Millenary Petition was a list of requests given to James I by Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London in order to claim the English throne. It is claimed, but not proven, that this petition had 1,000 signatures of Puritan ministers. This carefully worded document expressed Puritan distaste regarding the state of the Church of England, and took into consideration James' religious views as well as his liking for a debate, as written in Basilikon Doron.
While many of the main Puritan goals were rebutted, the petition did culminate in the Hampton Court Conference, which eventually led James to authorize the 1604 minor revision of the Book of Common Prayer. The most substantial outcome of the conference was the commission of a new English translation of the bible, now known as the King James Version.
Context and formulation
In a time where it was unwise to criticise the king directly, there was no hint of dissatisfaction with the royal supremacy in the petition. The Puritan reformers stressed throughout that they were not separatists or schismatics. The document expressed much of the general Puritan feeling regarding the Church; namely, that the English Reformation had not gone far enough to purge the Church of England from all perceived errors of the Catholic Church.
The Puritan party hoped to capitalize James's previous station as the King of Scotland, where he had administered the mostly Presbyterian Scots of the Church of Scotland. Among the most significant grievances leveled by the Puritans were their opposition to ritualism.
The Demands
The Puritans rejected the following ceremonies:
The signing of the cross during baptism
Confirmation
The administration of baptism by lay people (It was common in some areas that mid-wives would baptize children.)
Use of the ring in marriage
Bowing at the name of Jesus
The requirement of the surplice and cap
The practice of giving men multiple ecclesiastical positions, receiving pay for each
They also disliked the terms Priest and Absolution (terms they perceived as Roman Catholic), and rejected the surplice. They wanted a stricter observance of the Sabbath, which was originally supported by James up until The Book of Sports. They claimed that ministers should only be both "able and sufficient men".
The Puritans also requested some changes to ecclesiastical discipline. First, they asked, in a rather ambiguous statement, that punishment only be enforced by Christ's own institution. Second, they claimed excommunication should not be imposed by lay officials. Third, they asked that men should not be excommunicated for "trifles and twelvepenny matters". Finally, they asked for better restraint in the use of ex officio oath.
Text
The following was claimed as the full content by Thomas Fuller in his Church-History of 1655:
Most gracious and dread sovereign, Seeing it has pleased the Divine majesty, to the great comfort of all good Christians, to advance your highness, according to your just title, to the peaceable government of this Church and Commonwealth of England, we, the ministers of the gospel in this land, neither as factious men affecting a popular parity in the Church, nor as schismatics aiming at the dissolution of the State ecclesiastical, but as the faithful servants of Christ and loyal subjects to your majesty, desiring and longing for the redress of divers abuses of the Church, could do no less in our obedience to God, service to your majesty, love to His Church, than acquaint your princely majesty with our particular griefs; for as your princely pen writeth, 'the king, as a good physician, must first know what peccant humours his patient naturally is most subject unto, before he can begin his cure;' and although divers of us that sue for reformation have formerly, in respect of the times, subscribed to the book--some upon protestation, some upon exposition given them, some with condition rather than the Church should have been deprived of their labour and ministry--yet now we, to the number of more than a thousand of your majesty's subjects and ministers, all groaning as under a common burden of human rites and ceremonies, do with one joint consent humble ourselves at your majesty's feet, to be eased and relieved in this behalf. Our humble suit, then, unto your majesty is that these offences following, some may be removed, some amended, some qualified:
I. In the Church service: that the cross in baptism, interrogatories ministered to infants, confirmation, as superfluous, may be taken away; baptism not to be ministered by women, and so explained; the cap and surplice not urged; that examination may go before the communion; that it be ministered with a sermon; that divers terms of priests, and absolution, and some other used, with the ring in marriage, and other such like in the book, may be corrected; the longsomeness of service abridged, Church songs and music moderated to better edification; that the Lord's Day be not profaned; the rest upon holy days not so strictly urged; that there may be a uniformity of doctrine prescribed; no Roman Catholic opinion to be any more taught or defended; no ministers charged to teach their people to bow at the name of Jesus; that the canonical Scriptures only be read in the Church.
II. Concerning Church ministers: that none hereafter be admitted into the ministry but able and sufficient men, and those to preach diligently and especially upon the Lord's day; that such as be already entered and cannot preach, may either be removed, and some charitable course taken with them for their relief, or else be forced, according to the value of their livings, to maintain preachers; that non-residency be not permitted; that King Edward's statute for the lawfulness of ministers' marriages be revived; that ministers be not urged to subscribe, but according to the law, to the Articles of Religion, and the king's supremacy only.
III. For Church livings and maintenance: that bishops leave their commendams, some holding parsonages, some prebends, some vicarages, with their bishoprics; that double-beneficed men be not suffered to hold some two, some three benefices with cure, and some two, three, or four dignities besides; that impropriations annexed to bishoprics and colleges be demised only to the preachers incumbents, for the old rent; that the impropriations of laymen's fees be charged, with a sixth or seventh part of their worth, to the maintenance of the preaching minister.
IV. For Church discipline: that the discipline and excommunication may be administered according to Christ's own institution, or, at the least, that enormities may be redressed, as namely, that excommunication come not forth under the name of lay persons, chancellors, officials, &c.; that men be not excommunicated for trifles and twelve-penny matters; that none be excommunicated without consent of his pastor; that the officers be not suffered to extort unreasonable fees; that none having jurisdiction or registers' places, put out the same to farm; that divers Roman Catholic canons (as for restraint of marriage at certain times) be reversed; that the longsomeness of suits in ecclesiastical courts (which hang sometimes two, three, four, five, six, or seven years) may be restrained; that the oath Ex Officio, whereby men are forced to accuse themselves, be more sparingly used; that licences for marriages without banns asked, be more cautiously granted:
These, with such other abuses yet remaining and practised in the Church of England, we are able to show not to be agreeable to the Scriptures, if it shall please your highness further to hear us, or more at large by writing to be informed, or by conference among the learned to be resolved; and yet we doubt not but that, without any further process, your majesty (of whose Christian judgment we have received so good a taste already) is able of yourself to judge of the equity of this cause. God, we trust, has appointed your highness our physician to heal these diseases; and we say with Mordecai to Esther, 'Who knoweth whether you are come to the kingdom for such a time?' Thus your majesty shall do that which we are persuaded shall be acceptable to God, honourable to your majesty in all succeeding ages, profitable to His Church, which shall be thereby increased, comfortable to your ministers, which shall be no more suspended, silenced, disgraced, imprisoned for men's traditions, and prejudicial to none but to those that seek their own quiet, credit and profit in the world.
Thus, with all dutiful submission, referring ourselves to your majesty's pleasure for your gracious answer, as God shall direct you, we most humbly recommend your highness to the Divine majesty, whom we beseech, for Christ His sake, to dispose your royal heart to do herein what shall be to His glory, the good of His Church, and your endless comfort.
Your majesty's most humble subjects, the ministers of the Gospel that desire not a disorderly innovation, but a due and godly reformation.
See also
The Hampton Court Conference
James I of England
Anglicanism
Sources and further reading
Roger Lockyer, Tudor and Stuart Britain: 1485-1714, 2004. .
Notes
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060426223935/http://www.learnthebible.org/preservation_king_james.htm
http://history.hanover.edu/texts/ENGref/er88.html
https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/inquire/Discover/Search/#/?p=c+0,t+,rsrs+0,rsps+10,fa+,so+ox%3Asort%5Easc,scids+,pid+f038969a-4a00-4505-823a-8331e3e8c610,vi+342ebae0-1b31-422e-90f4-53e9e694b220
1603 works
17th-century Christian texts
17th century in England
History of the British Isles
Puritanism in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenary%20Petition |
Shane Birss (born 11 March 1983) is an Australian rules football player.
Birss played for both St Kilda and the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was drafted with the 26th pick by the Western Bulldogs from the Gippsland Under 18s in the 2000 AFL Draft. Debuting in 2002, Birss was unable to play consistently to establish himself in the Bulldogs' senior side, playing 51 games and kicking 20 goals in five seasons.
Birss was traded to St Kilda during the 2006 Trade period for their fourth Round draft selection at Number 59. He played two seasons for St Kilda before being delisted at the end of the 2008 AFL season. Birss was then recruited by South Australian Football League (SANFL) club West Adelaide where he went on play more than 100 games.
References
AFL Record 2006 Season Preview, ed. Michael Lovett, AFL Publishing.
External links
1983 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Western Bulldogs players
St Kilda Football Club players
West Adelaide Football Club players
Gippsland Power players
Sale Football Club players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane%20Birss |
Blaž Emeršič (born October 10, 1980 in Ljubljana) is a Slovenian ice hockey player currently playing for Milton Keynes Lightning of the English Premier Ice Hockey League.
Career
He began his career with Olimpija Ljubljana before moving to North America in 1999. He went to play for teams in the Central Hockey League, the ECHL and the American Hockey League.
Emeršič moved to the United Kingdom in 2005, signing for the Elite League's Nottingham Panthers. On November 5, 2005, in an Elite League match against the London Racers, he received severe facial injuries after being checked into the side of the rink. He made a full recovery and continued to play for the Panthers until moving to the Slough Jets in 2006. In January 2010, after a disagreement with the Slough Jets management, he accepted an offer from league champions Milton Keynes Lightning for the rest of the 2009/10 season. In June 2011, he signed a further one-season extension with Milton Keynes for the 2011/12 season.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Ice hockey people from Ljubljana
Slovenian ice hockey forwards
Arkansas RiverBlades players
Charlotte Checkers (1993–2010) players
Greenville Grrrowl players
HDD Olimpija Ljubljana players
Indianapolis Ice players
Nottingham Panthers players
Milton Keynes Lightning players
Peoria Rivermen (ECHL) players
Rio Grande Valley Killer Bees players
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
Wichita Thunder players
Slough Jets players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bla%C5%BE%20Emer%C5%A1i%C4%8D |
Matthew John Wise (born November 18, 1975) is an American former professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played all or parts of eight seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 2000 and 2008. He became the bullpen coach for the Los Angeles Angels in January 2020.
Career
Playing career
Wise attended Pepperdine University and Cal State Fullerton. In 1995, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox.
Wise was drafted in the sixth round of the 1997 MLB draft. He made his MLB debut on August 2, 2000 with the Anaheim Angels. After missing the entire 2003 season due to injury, he was released by the Angels and signed with the Milwaukee Brewers. The New York Mets signed Wise to a one-year contract on December 18, 2007.
In 209 career appearances, he had an earned run average (ERA) of 4.23. His two best pitches were an 89-92 mile per hour fastball and a changeup that used deceptive arm action.
Retirement
Wise announced his retirement from MLB at the age of 33 on March 6, 2009.
Coaching career
Wise was named the bullpen coach for the Los Angeles Angels on January 1, 2020. On February 16, 2021 Wise was named the interim pitching coach of the Angels.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Anaheim Angels players
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from California
Boise Hawks players
Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball players
Edmonton Trappers players
Erie SeaWolves players
Indianapolis Indians players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Midland Angels players
Milwaukee Brewers players
New York Mets players
Salt Lake Stingers players
St. Lucie Mets players
Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox players
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Wise |
Larry D. Mann (18 December 1922 – 6 January 2014) was a Canadian actor. He was best known as "The Boss" in a series of Bell Canada television commercials in the 1980s and for voicing the character of Yukon Cornelius in Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.
Life and career
Larry D. Mann was born in Toronto, Ontario, on 18 December 1922. Before his acting career, he was a disc jockey on 1050 CHUM radio in Toronto in 1949.
Mann voiced the character of Yukon Cornelius in the classic Rankin-Bass Christmas special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. He also provided voices for characters in several other Rankin-Bass television series and specials.
Mann's film career spanned four decades. He came to the attention of CBC audiences in 1953 when he kidded around with the puppet Uncle Chichimus on the show Let's See. According to a CBC Archives article, Mann got the job when his friend, actor Don Harron, pointed him out to producer Norman Jewison. Apart from his CBC work, he appeared in more than 20 movies, including In the Heat of the Night, Bullitt, and The Sting.
Mann's many television credits include Get Smart, Gunsmoke, The Man From U.N.C.L.E., Bewitched, Hogan's Heroes, Honey West, The Green Hornet, Green Acres, Columbo, Quincy, M.E. and Hill Street Blues. He also played the title role in a series of Bell Canada television commercials called "The Boss" for ten years beginning in 1981.
His last role was on Homefront in 1991.
His brother was actor Paul Mann, who appeared in the films America America and Fiddler on the Roof. Larry Mann died of natural causes on 6 January 2014 in Los Angeles. He was 91 years old.
Filmography
Films
1958: Flaming Frontier as Bradford
1963: The Quick and the Dead as Parker
1963: Spencer's Mountain as Spencer Brother (uncredited)
1964: Robin and the 7 Hoods as Workman (uncredited)
1964: Kisses for My President as Tour Guide (uncredited)
1965: Willy McBean and his Magic Machine as Professor Von Rotten (voice)
1965: Harlow as Editor (uncredited)
1966: The Singing Nun as Mr. Duvries
1966: The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming as Man with Cat (uncredited)
1966: The Daydreamer
1966: The Appaloosa as Priest
1966: Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round as Officer Howard
1966: The Swinger as John Mallory
1967: A Covenant with Death as Chillingworth
1967: Caprice as Inspector Kapinsky
1967: Rough Night in Jericho as Purley (uncredited)
1967: The Perils of Pauline as Prince Benji's Father (uncredited)
1967: In the Heat of the Night as Watkins
1968: The Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz as Grossmeyer
1968: Bullitt (voice, uncredited)
1969: Angel in My Pocket as Bishop Morenschild
1970: The Liberation of L.B. Jones as Grocer
1970: There Was a Crooked Man... as Harry
1970: The Wild Country as The Marshal (uncredited)
1971: Scandalous John as Bartender
1972: Get to Know Your Rabbit as Mr. Seager
1973: Kloot's Kounty as Crazywolf (voice)
1973: Pay Your Buffalo Bill as Crazywolf / Big Red (voice)
1973: Ten Miles to Gallop as Crazywolf (voice)
1973: Charley and the Angel as Felix
1973: Oklahoma Crude as Deke Watson
1973: The Sting as Train Conductor
1973: Treasure Island as Doctor Livesey (voice)
1973: Cotter
1974: Gold Struck (voice)
1974: The Badge and the Beautiful as Townspeople / Bartender / Priest / Lauri Be (voice)
1974: By Hoot or By Brook as The Fox / Coach Driver / Guard (voice)
1974: Big Beef at the O.K. Corral as Billy the Kidder (voice)
1974: Saddle Soap Opera as Judge Soy Bean / Hotel Clerk (voice)
1974: Mesa Trouble as Townspeople (voice)
1974: Black Eye as Reverend Avery
1974: Oliver Twist (voice)
1976: Death Riders
1976: Pony Express Rider as Blackmore
1980: The Octagon as Tibor
1980: A Snow White Christmas as Mirror (voice)
Animated shorts
1969–1972: Tijuana Toads, as Crazylegs Crane (voice)
1972–1974: The Blue Racer, as Blue Racer (voice)
Television series
1954: Ad and Lib
1954–1959: Howdy Doody
1957–1958: Last of the Mohicans
1956–1957: The Barris Beat
1958–1959: The Adventures of Chich
1958–1959: Here's Duffy
1961: Tales of the Wizard of Oz, voice of Rusty the Tin Man and The Wicked Witch of the West
1961: The New Adventures of Pinocchio as Foxy Q. Fibble (voice)
1965–1969: Bewitched in several guest appearances
1965: The Big Valley guest appearance as Jake Kyles in "The Murdered Party"
1966: My Favourite Martian, guest appearance as Butterball (Season 3, Episode 22)
1966: Get Smart, guest appearance as Victor Slade
1966: Shane, guest appearance as Harve Hanes
1966: Hogan's Heroes, guest appearance as Dr. Vanetti
1966: The Iron Horse, guest appearance as Kellam in "A Dozen Ways to Kill a Man"
1966–1967: The Man From U.N.C.L.E. in several guest roles
1967: Rango as Purcell in "Requiem for a Ranger"
1967: Hogan's Heroes, guest appearance as SS General Brenner
1967–1968: Accidental Family as Marty Warren in 11 episodes
1967: The Green Hornet as Dr. Eric Mabouse in "Invasion from Outer Space: Parts 1 & 2"
1967: Dragnet 1967 as Pete Benson
1967: I Spy: guest appearance as Arbuckle in "Night Train to Madrid"
1967–1973: Gunsmoke in several guest roles
1968: The Guns of Will Sonnett guest appearance as Mort Lucas in "Guilt"
1968: Mannix guest appearance as Orlando Quinn in "To Kill a Writer"
1968: It Takes a Thief guest appearance as Dedier in "The Lay of the Land"
1969: It Takes a Thief guest appearance as Achille Morales in "The Baranoff Timetable"
1969: Hogan's Heroes, guest appearance as Igor Illyich Zagoskin
1970–1971: Green Acres in several guest roles including crooked real estate con-man Lawrence David in the final episode.
1970: Sabrina and the Groovy Ghoulies
1971: Bonanza guest appearance as Alex Steiner in "An Earthquake Called Callahan"
1972: Mod Squad guest appearance as Harry Burns in "Can You Hear Me Out There?"
1971–1974: Dr. Simon Locke'Police Surgeon 1976: The Pink Panther Laugh and a Half Hour and a Half Show (voice)
1976–1985: Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color in several guest roles
1978: Quincy, M.E. as Dr. Jones in "Ashes to Ashes"
1978: How the West Was Won guest appearances as Mr. Pennington
1978: Fangface (voice)
1979: The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show (voice)
1981: Dukes of Hazzard as Boss J.W. Hickman
1981–1987: Hill Street Blues, as Judge Lee Oberman
1983: The All-New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show (voice)
1990: MacGyver guest appearance as Capt. Ion Cuzo in "Humanity"
1989: The Pink Panther and Friends (voice)
1985: MacGyver guest appearance as Daniel Sims in "The Heist"
Television films and specials
1964: Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer, voice of Yukon Cornelius
1964: Return to Oz, voice of Rusty Tinman and The Wicked Witch of the West
1971: Dead Men Tell No Tales 1971: Do Not Fold, Spindle, or Mutilate 1977: Columbo: Murder Under Glass 1979: The New Misadventures of Ichabod Crane, voice of Rip Van Winkle
1980: A Snow White Christmas (voice)
1981: Dennis the Menace in Mayday for Mother (TV), voice of Mr. Wilson
1991: Love, Lies and Murder'' (TV)
ReferencesNotes'
External links
Larry D. Mann profile on northernstars.ca
Find a Grave
1922 births
2014 deaths
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Male actors from Toronto
Jewish Canadian male actors
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
Burials at Eden Memorial Park Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20D.%20Mann |
The 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season ended with the Oklahoma Sooners beating the defending national champion Florida State Seminoles to claim the Sooners' seventh national championship and their thirty-seventh conference championship, the first of each since the departure of head coach Barry Switzer.
Oklahoma coach Bob Stoops was in his second season as head coach, having been the defensive coordinator of Steve Spurrier's 1996 National Champion Florida Gators, and also having helped Bill Snyder turn the Kansas State Wildcats around in the early 1990s. Stoops erased a three-game losing streak against rival Texas by a score of 63–14, one of the worst defeats in Texas' football history. Despite the lopsided victory, this game marked a return of the Red River Shootout to a rivalry game with national title implications.
The BCS title game, held at the Orange Bowl that year, was not without controversy, as the system shut fourth-ranked Washington out of the championship game, despite being the only team who had beaten each No. 2 Miami and No. 5 Oregon State and having the same 10–1 record as No. 3 Florida State during the regular season. 10–1 Miami, who handed No. 3 Florida State their only loss, was ranked higher in both the AP Writers' Poll and the ESPN/USA Today Coaches' Poll, and had the same record as the Seminoles, was also seen as a possible title contender.
Virginia Tech also was left out of the BCS bowls, despite being ranked higher than one of the at-large teams, Notre Dame.
The South Carolina Gamecocks broke a 21-game losing streak, stretching back into 1998, to go 8–4 including a win over Ohio State in the Outback Bowl.
Two new bowl games began in the 2000 season: the Silicon Valley Bowl, which had a contractual tie-in with the WAC, and the Galleryfurniture.com Bowl.
Rules changes
The following rules changes were passed by the NCAA Rules Committee in 2000:
The definition of an illegal block is expanded to include any high-low or low-high combination block by any two offensive players when the initial contact clearly occurs beyond the neutral zone.
Crack-back blocks are now prohibited from any offensive player in motion in any direction (previously it was in motion toward the ball) and the restricted zone is now 10 yards beyond the neutral zone in all directions.
Offensive teams in the process of substituting or simulated substituting are prohibited from rushing to the line of scrimmage to snap the ball to give the defense a disadvantage. The penalty for a first offense is five yards, additional violations are considered unsportsmanlike conduct (15 yards).
Defensive players lined up within one yard of the line of scrimmage are prevented from rushing up to the line with the obvious intent of causing an offensive player to false start.
Passers who are not within five yards of the sideline from the original position of the ball (aka the "tackle box") are allowed to throw the ball so it lands beyond the neutral zone without penalty.
Conference and program changes
Two teams upgraded from Division I-AA, thus increasing the number of Division I-A schools from 114 to 116.
Nevada left the Big West Conference to become the ninth member of the Western Athletic Conference.
Two new teams joined Division I-A football this season: the University of Connecticut and the University of South Florida.
Regular Season
August–September
Nebraska was voted No. 1 in the preseason AP Poll, followed by defending national champion Florida State at No. 2. Alabama and Wisconsin, last year’s winners of the SEC and Big Ten, were third and fourth, with Big East runner-up Miami at No. 5.
August 26: The only highly ranked team to play this week was No. 2 Florida State, who defeated Brigham Young 29-3 in the Pigskin Classic. The top five remained the same in the next AP Poll.
August 31-September 2: No. 1 Nebraska defeated San Jose State 49-13, and No. 2 Florida State was idle. No. 3 Alabama lost 35-24 at UCLA; the Crimson Tide turned out to be dramatically overrated to start the season, as they ended up finishing last in the SEC West with a 3-8 record. No. 4 Wisconsin beat Western Michigan 19-7, No. 5 Miami blasted McNeese State 61-14, and No. 6 Michigan won 42-7 over Bowling Green. The next poll featured No. 1 Nebraska, No. 2 Florida State, No. 3 Michigan, No. 4 Miami, and No. 5 Wisconsin.
September 9: No. 1 Nebraska held a 14-point second-half lead over No. 23 Notre Dame, but the Irish responded with a 100-yard kickoff return and an 83-yard punt return to force overtime. After a Notre Dame field goal, Eric Crouch ran for his third touchdown of the game to seal a 27-24 Cornhuskers win. No. 2 Florida State needed a fourth-quarter comeback of their own to beat Georgia Tech 26-21. No. 3 Michigan defeated Rice 38-7, but No. 4 Miami fell 34-29 at No. 15 Washington. Michael Bennett ran for 290 yards and led No. 5 Wisconsin to a 27-23 victory over Oregon, while No. 6 Texas overwhelmed Louisiana-Lafayette 52-10. The next poll featured No. 1 Nebraska, No. 2 Florida State, No. 3 Michigan, No. 4 Wisconsin, and No. 5 Texas.
September 16: No. 1 Nebraska was idle. No. 2 Florida State blew out North Carolina 63-14. No. 3 Michigan fell 23-20 to No. 14 UCLA, the Bruins’ second win in three weeks over a third-ranked team. With five starters suspended for receiving unauthorized shoe store discounts, No. 4 Wisconsin barely escaped Cincinnati in a 28-25 overtime win; the Badgers fell out of the top five in the next poll. No. 5 Texas lost 27-24 to Stanford when a late Cardinal touchdown drive erased a fourth-quarter Longhorns comeback. No. 6 Florida’s game against No. 11 Tennessee ended in controversy when a pass was knocked out of Gators receiver Jabar Gaffney’s hands in the end zone with time running out. The referees ruled that Gaffney had possession long enough for the touchdown to count, giving Florida a 27-23 win. No. 7 Kansas State shut out Ball State 76-0, and No. 8 Virginia Tech blanked Rutgers 49-0. The next poll featured No. 1 Nebraska, No. 2 Florida State, No. 3 Florida, No. 4 Kansas State, and No. 5 Virginia Tech.
September 23: No. 1 Nebraska defeated Iowa 42-13, No. 2 Florida State shut out Louisville 31-0, and No. 3 Florida beat Kentucky 59-31. No. 4 Kansas State won 55-10 over North Texas, but the Wildcats still switched places with idle No. 5 Virginia Tech in the next poll: No. 1 Nebraska, No. 2 Florida State, No. 3 Florida, No. 4 Virginia Tech, and No. 5 Kansas State.
September 28–30: No. 1 Nebraska beat Missouri 42-24, but the AP voters were more impressed by No. 2 Florida State’s 59-7 blowout of Maryland. No. 3 Florida accumulated 494 passing yards and negative 78 rushing yards in a 47-35 loss to Mississippi State. No. 4 Virginia Tech won 48-34 at Boston College, while No. 5 Kansas State was a 44-21 victor at Colorado. No. 7 Clemson beat Duke 52-22 to move up in the next AP Poll: No. 1 Florida State, No. 2 Nebraska, No. 3 Virginia Tech, No. 4 Kansas State, and No. 5 Clemson. Nebraska retained the top spot in the Coaches Poll.
October
October 7: No. 1 Florida State’s 27-24 loss to No. 7 Miami was a case of deja vu, as the Seminoles again missed a potential game-tying field goal at the end of a game with national championship implications. “Wide Right III” brought back memories of similar Florida State-Miami finishes in 1991 and 1992. No. 2 Nebraska won 49-27 at Iowa State, No. 3 Virginia Tech beat Temple 35-13, No. 4 Kansas State beat Kansas 52-13, and No. 5 Clemson held off North Carolina State 34-27. Nebraska returned to the No. 1 spot in both polls, and they were followed in the AP rankings by No. 2 Kansas State, No. 3 Virginia Tech, No. 4 Miami, and No. 5 Clemson.
October 12–14: No. 1 Nebraska dominated Texas Tech 56-3. No. 2 Kansas State fell 41-31 to No. 8 Oklahoma, whose head coach was former Wildcats assistant Bob Stoops. No. 3 Virginia Tech beat West Virginia 48-20, No. 4 Miami was idle, and No. 5 Clemson defeated Maryland 35-14. The next poll featured No. 1 Nebraska, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Oklahoma, No. 4 Miami, and No. 5 Clemson.
October 21: No. 1 Nebraska shut out Baylor 59-0. No. 2 Virginia Tech spotted Syracuse a two-touchdown lead in the first quarter but came back to win 22-14. No. 3 Oklahoma was idle. No. 4 Miami won 45-17 at Temple, and No. 5 Clemson visited North Carolina for a 38-24 victory. The AP rankings remained the same, but the year’s first BCS rankings (which were released this weekend) had Oklahoma over Virginia Tech and Florida State in fifth place instead of Clemson.
October 28: No. 1 Nebraska visited No. 3 Oklahoma for what was expected to be a tight struggle. Instead, the game turned into a rout as the Sooners ran away with a 31-14 victory. No. 2 Virginia Tech lost star quarterback Michael Vick to an ankle injury and needed a last-minute field goal to escape Pittsburgh 37-34. No. 4 Miami, the Hokies’ Big East rival, looked sloppy in a 42-31 win over a 2-7 Louisiana Tech squad. No. 5 Clemson allowed an 80-yard game-ending touchdown drive and fell 31-28 to Georgia Tech. No. 6 Florida State won 58-14 at No. 21 North Carolina State. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Oklahoma, No. 2 Virginia Tech, No. 3 Miami, No. 4 Florida State, and No. 5 Nebraska. The BCS standings were topped by the same five teams, but with Miami ranked fifth behind the Seminoles and Cornhuskers.
November–December
November 4: No. 1 Oklahoma blasted Baylor 56-7. With Michael Vick still hobbled by his injured ankle, No. 2 Virginia Tech was no match for No. 3 Miami. The Hokies’ 41-21 loss left Oklahoma as the only undefeated team in the nation. In a father vs. son coaching matchup, Bobby Bowden’s No. 4 Florida State crushed Tommy Bowden’s No. 10 Clemson 54-7. No. 5 Nebraska bounced back with a 56-17 victory over Kansas, and No. 6 Florida won 43-21 at Vanderbilt. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Oklahoma, No. 2 Miami, No. 3 Florida State, No. 4 Nebraska, and No. 5 Florida, while the BCS continued to rate Florida State second and Miami third.
November 11: No. 1 Oklahoma trailed by 10 points in the fourth quarter, but an interception return for a touchdown allowed the Sooners to come back and beat No. 23 Texas A&M 35-31 before a Kyle Field record crowd of 87,188 fans. No. 2 Miami defeated Pittsburgh 35-7. No. 3 Florida State won 35-6 at Wake Forest. No. 4 Nebraska visited No. 16 Kansas State hoping to clinch a spot in the Big 12 title game. Instead, the Wildcats took over the division lead by winning a 29-28 nailbiter in a snowstorm. No. 5 Florida faced No. 21 South Carolina for the SEC East title, and the Gators won 41-21. No. 6 Oregon, the surprise first-place team of the Pac-10, beat California 25-17. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Oklahoma, No. 2 Miami, No. 3 Florida State, No. 4 Florida, and No. 5 Oregon. The BCS had the same top four but picked Washington at No. 5, despite the Huskies’ early-season loss to the Ducks.
November 18: No. 1 Oklahoma clinched a spot in the Big 12 title game with a 27-13 victory over Texas Tech. No. 2 Miami shut out Syracuse 26-0. No. 3 Florida State overwhelmed No. 4 Florida 30-7. No. 5 Oregon and No. 8 Oregon State were both contenders for the Pac-10 title, and for the first time in 36 years the game between the two rivals would help decide the conference’s Rose Bowl representative. The Ducks had the opportunity to clinch the outright title, but Oregon quarterback Joey Harrington threw five interceptions in a 23-13 loss to the Beavers. No. 6 Washington blew out Washington State 51-3 to climb into a three-way tie for the conference lead, and the Huskies (who had beaten Oregon State in October) earned a trip to Pasadena. The next AP Poll featured No. 1 Oklahoma, No. 2 Miami, No. 3 Florida State, No. 4 Washington, and No. 5 Oregon State. However, the BCS was impressed enough with Florida State’s victory over Florida that the Seminoles were elevated back above the Hurricanes into the number-two spot.
November 25: Undefeated No. 1 Oklahoma had a tough time with 3-7 Oklahoma State, but the Sooners finally pulled out a 12-7 victory. No. 2 Miami beat Boston College 52-6. No. 3 Florida State, No. 4 Washington, and No. 5 Oregon State had all finished their seasons, and the next AP Poll remained the same.
December 2: No. 1 Oklahoma faced No. 8 Kansas State in the Big 12 Championship Game, hoping to preserve their undefeated record and earn a spot in the national title game. The game was tied at 17 going into the fourth quarter, but the Sooners scored a touchdown and kicked a 46-yard field goal to go ahead for good. After Kansas State cut the score to 27-24 with six seconds left, Oklahoma recovered the onside kick to salt away the win.
Undefeated No. 1 Oklahoma was guaranteed a spot in the Orange Bowl to play for the national championship, but the BCS caused a controversy by selecting AP No. 3 Florida State rather than No. 2 Miami or No. 4 Washington as the Sooners’ opponent. All three teams had been defeated only once, but Florida State’s loss was to Miami whose loss was to Washington. Miami would go to the Sugar Bowl against No. 7 Florida (who had easily beaten No. 18 Auburn in the SEC Championship Game), while Washington would play No. 14 Purdue in the Rose Bowl’s Pac-10 vs. Big Ten matchup. The BCS bowls were rounded out by two at-large teams, No. 5 Oregon State and No. 10 Notre Dame, who would meet in the Fiesta Bowl.
Regular season top 10 matchups
Rankings reflect the AP Poll. Rankings for Week 9 and beyond will list BCS Rankings first and AP Poll second. Teams that failed to be a top 10 team for one poll or the other will be noted.
Week 6
No. 7 Miami defeated No. 1 Florida State, 27–24 (Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida)
Week 7
No. 8 Oklahoma defeated No. 2 Kansas State, 41–31 (KSU Stadium, Manhattan, Kansas)
Week 9
No. 2/3 Oklahoma defeated No. 1/1 Nebraska, 31–14 (Oklahoma Memorial Stadium, Norman, Oklahoma)
Week 10
No. 3/4 Florida State defeated No. 13/10 Clemson, 54–7 (Doak Campbell Stadium, Tallahassee, Florida)
No. 5/3 Miami defeated No. 2/2 Virginia Tech, 41–21 (Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida)
Week 12
No. 3/3 Florida State defeated No. 4/4 Florida, 30–7 (Doak Campbell Stadium, Tallahassee, Florida)
No. 9/8 Oregon State defeated No. 7/5 Oregon, 23–13 (Reser Stadium, Corvallis, Oregon)
Week 14
No. 1/1 Oklahoma defeated No. 9/8 Kansas State, 27–24 (2000 Big 12 Championship Game, Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City, Missouri)
Conference standings
Bowl games
BCS bowls
Orange Bowl: No. 1 Oklahoma (BCS No. 1) 13, No. 3 Florida State (BCS No. 2) 2
Rose Bowl: No. 4 Washington (Pac 10 co-champ) 34, No. 14 Purdue (Big Ten co-Champ) 24
Fiesta Bowl: No. 5 Oregon State (At Large [Pac 10 co-champ]) 41, No. 10 Notre Dame (At Large) 9
Sugar Bowl: No. 2 Miami (Big East Champ) 37, No. 7 Florida (SEC Champ) 20
Other New Year's Day bowls
Cotton Bowl Classic: No. 11 Kansas State (Big 12 runner-up) 35, No. 21 Tennessee 21
Florida Citrus Bowl: No. 17 Michigan (Big Ten co-champ) 31, No. 20 Auburn (SEC runner-up) 28
Gator Bowl: No. 6 Virginia Tech 41, No. 16 Clemson 20
Outback Bowl: South Carolina 24, No. 19 Ohio State 7
December bowl games
Holiday Bowl: No. 8 Oregon (Pac 10 co-champ) 35, No. 12 Texas 30
Peach Bowl: LSU 28, No. 15 Georgia Tech 14
MicronPC.com Bowl: NC State 38, Minnesota 30
Sun Bowl: Wisconsin 21, UCLA 20
Alamo Bowl: No. 9 Nebraska 66, No. 18 Northwestern (Big Ten co-champ) 17
Insight.com Bowl: Iowa State 37, Pittsburgh 29
Liberty Bowl: No. 23 Colorado State (MWC champ) 22, No. 22 Louisville (C-USA champ) 17
Aloha Bowl: Boston College 31, Arizona State 17
Oahu Bowl: No. 24 Georgia 37, Virginia 14
Independence Bowl: Mississippi State 43, Texas A&M 41 (OT)
Music City Bowl: West Virginia 49, Mississippi 38
Las Vegas Bowl: UNLV 31, Arkansas 14
Motor City Bowl: Marshall (MAC champ) 25, Cincinnati 14
Humanitarian Bowl: Boise State (Big West champ) 38, UTEP (WAC co-champ) 23
Mobile Alabama Bowl: Southern Miss 28, No. 13 TCU (WAC co-champ) 21
Silicon Valley Classic: Air Force 37, Fresno State 34
Galleryfurniture.com bowl: East Carolina 40, Texas Tech 27
Final polls
Heisman Trophy voting
The Heisman Trophy is given to the year's most outstanding player
Other major awards
Maxwell Award (College Player of the Year) – Drew Brees, Purdue
Walter Camp Award (Back) – Josh Heupel, Oklahoma
Davey O'Brien Award (Quarterback) – Chris Weinke, Florida State
Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award (Senior quarterback) – Chris Weinke, Florida State
Doak Walker Award (Running back) – LaDainian Tomlinson, TCU
Fred Biletnikoff Award (Wide receiver) – Antonio Bryant, Pittsburgh
Bronko Nagurski Trophy (Defensive player) – Dan Morgan, Miami
Chuck Bednarik Award – Dan Morgan, Miami
Dick Butkus Award (Linebacker) – Dan Morgan, Miami
Lombardi Award (Lineman or Linebacker) – Jamal Reynolds, Florida State
Outland Trophy (Interior lineman) – John Henderson, Tennessee, DT
Jim Thorpe Award (Defensive back) – Jamar Fletcher, Wisconsin
Lou Groza Award (Placekicker) – Jonathan Ruffin, Cincinnati
Paul "Bear" Bryant Award – Bob Stoops, Oklahoma
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20NCAA%20Division%20I-A%20football%20season |
"99 Problems" is the third single released by American rapper Jay-Z in 2004 from The Black Album. It was released on April 27, 2004. The chorus hook "I got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one" is taken from the Ice-T single "99 Problems" from the album Home Invasion (1993). The hook was coined during a conversation between Ice-T and Brother Marquis of Miami-based 2 Live Crew. Marquis used the phrase in the 1996 2 Live Crew song "Table Dance".
In the song, Jay-Z tells a story about dealing with rap critics, racial profiling from a police officer who wants to search his car, and an aggressor. The song reached number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Production
The track was produced by Rick Rubin, his first hip hop production in many years. Rubin provided Jay-Z with a guitar riff and stripped-down beat that were once his trademarks. In creating the track, Rubin used some classic 1980s sample staples such as "The Big Beat" by Billy Squier, "Long Red" by Mountain, and "Get Me Back On Time" by Wilson Pickett. Featuring the same Billy Squier drum beat sample, Dizzee Rascal released "Fix Up, Look Sharp" in August 2003 prior to The Black Albums release.
The title and chorus are derived from Ice-T's "99 Problems" from his 1993 album Home Invasion. The song featured Brother Marquis. The original song was more profane and describes a wide range of sexual conquests. Ice-T would re-record his version of the song with the Rubin/Jay-Z guitar riff for Body Count's 2014 album Manslaughter in order to "reclaim" the hook from being mis-attributed to Jay-Z. Portions of Ice-T's original lyrics were similarly quoted in a song by fellow rapper Trick Daddy on a track also titled "99 Problems" from his 2001 album Thugs Are Us. Jay-Z begins his third verse directly quoting lines from Bun B's opening verse off the track "Touched" from the UGK album Ridin' Dirty.
Analysis
The second verse, describing Jay-Z's traffic stop, has received much more attention than the rest of the song.
The second verse was based on an actual experience of Jay-Z in the 1990s in New Jersey. He wrote that in 1994 he was pulled over by police while carrying cocaine in a secret compartment in his sunroof. He refused to let the police search the car and the police called for drug-sniffing dogs. However, the dogs never showed up and the police had to let him go. Moments after he drove away, he saw a police car with the dogs drive by. In a discussion at the Celeste Bartos Forum at the New York Public Library, Jay-Z described the second verse of the song as representing "a contest of wills" between the car's driver who is "all the way in the wrong" for carrying illegal drugs, and a racist police officer who pulls over the driver not for any infraction but for being African-American. "Both guys are used to getting their way" and thus reluctant to back down, Jay-Z notes, and the driver "knows a bit about the law because he's used to breaking it" and asserts his legal rights.
In 2011 Southwestern Law School Professor Caleb Mason wrote an article with a line-by-line analysis of the second verse of the song from a legal perspective referencing the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, citing it as a useful tool for teaching law students search and seizure law involving search warrants, Terry stops, racial profiling, the exclusionary rule, and the motor vehicle exception. Mason writes that some of Jay-Z's lyrics are legally accurate and describe prudent behavior (e.g., identifying when police ask for consent to search, specifically asking if one is under arrest, and complying with the police order to stop rather than fleeing which would certainly result in a search of the car and might authorize police to use lethal force to stop a high speed chase). However, Mason also notes the song lyrics are legally incorrect in indicating that a driver can refuse an order to exit the car and that police would need a warrant to search a locked glove compartment or trunk—in fact, police would only need probable cause to search a car. In 2012, Professor Emir Crowne of the University of Windsor Faculty of Law wrote an article concluding that Jay-Z's lyrics may be legally correct under Canadian law.
While the song's meaning is widely debated, the chorus "If you're having girl problems, I feel bad for you son/I've got 99 problems but a bitch ain't one" was defined in Jay-Z's book, Decoded, as referring to something different in each verse. In verse two, it refers to a police dog.
Reception
The song garnered widespread acclaim. The song came in at No. 2 on Rolling Stones top 100 songs of the '00s. On the updated list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, the song was added and came in at No. 172. In 2019, they ranked the song number four on their list of the 50 greatest Jay-Z songs. The song was listed at No. 14 on Pitchfork Media's top 500 songs of the 2000s (decade) and in October 2011, NME placed it at number 24 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".
Jack White has hailed the song, describing it as "the story of America ... in a nutshell, [it's] the story of all the struggles in America, black or white, [and of] class systems".
The song won Best Rap Solo Performance at the 47th Grammy Awards.
Covers and performances
In 2008, the song was memorably covered by Barry Chuckle of British children's comedy duo The Chuckle Brothers as part of BBC Radio 1's Scott Mills show. Mills described the cover as "superior, in essence, to the original".
On January 21, 2009, Jay-Z performed the song as part of his set at the Staff Ball, the last official event of Barack Obama's inauguration. The ball was exclusively for 4,000 staffers who had worked on Obama's campaign. Jay-Z tweaked the lyrics to suit the historic atmosphere, and the crowd sang along: "I got 99 problems but a Bush ain't one", replacing "bitch" with the name of the former President. At a rally for President Barack Obama in November 2012 Jay-Z changed the lyrics of the song to "If you having world problems I feel bad for you son / I got 99 problems but Mitt ain't one." President Obama quipped in his monologue at the White House Correspondents' Dinner on April 27, 2013: "Some things are beyond my control. For example, this whole controversy about Jay-Z going to Cuba. It's unbelievable. I've got 99 problems and now Jay-Z is one."
Eminem referenced the lyrics in his song "So Much Better" on The Marshall Mathers LP 2 album, with the lines "I got 99 problems and a bitch ain't one/ She's all 99 of 'em; I need a machine gun".
Danger Mouse famously remixed this song with samples from "Helter Skelter" by The Beatles as part of his oft-bootlegged album The Grey Album. The track was also remixed with Linkin Park for the EP Collision Course, being mixed with the Linkin Park songs "Points of Authority" and "One Step Closer". The thrash metal group Body Count combined the lyrics of Ice-T's "99 Problems" with the guitar riff from Jay-Z's "99 Problems" for the song "99 Problems BC" on the album Manslaughter. Big Sean referenced the lyrics in Drake's "All Me" with the line "I got 99 problems, getting rich ain't one". Iggy Azalea referenced the lyrics in Ariana Grande's "Problem" with the line "I got 99 problems but you won't be one". In 2009, fellow rapper and collaborator Kid Cudi, referenced the song in the opening verse of his song "Soundtrack 2 My Life" with the line "I got 99 problems and they all bitches". The singer Hugo recorded a bluegrass cover of the song in 2011. There have been several remixes of the track including versions by The Prodigy and Linkin Park. In particular, Jay-Z had been quoted as saying that The Prodigy remix is one of his favorites by keeping the main guitar riff but heavier and darker which in turn was the inspiration for The Prodigy track 'Spitfire' written by Liam Howlett and released in 2005.
Music video
The music video premiered in April 2004 and was directed by Mark Romanek. It received praises from critics such as Armond White, and was nominated for four MVPA awards in 2005, of which it won three. It also won the MTV Video Music Awards for Best Rap Video, Best Director, Best Editing and Best Cinematography, as well as gaining nominations for Video of the Year and Best Male Video. It was criticized, however, by the Humane Society of the United States for scenes in the video that glorified dog fighting.
The video accompanied The Black Album which, at the time, was to be Jay-Z's final release. Jay-Z has stated that he wanted the video to be as auto-biographical as the rest of the album. The goal for the video was to create a portrait of where Jay-Z grew up. In a conversation with the video's director, Jay-Z stated that he wanted the video to "make a pissy wall look like art". The job of directing this video was originally intended for Quentin Tarantino, however Rick Rubin suggested that Jay-Z offer the job to Mark Romanek. Due to the research and influence of Romanek and the videos cinematographer, Joaquin Baca Asay, the video borrows visual characteristics from many New York street photographers and black and white photographs (Martin Dixon and Eugene Richards to name a few). The video is shot entirely on black-and-white film. It consists mainly of scenes filmed in close proximity to Jay-Z's childhood home, The Marcy Houses in Bedford Stuyvesant. These include:
Jay-Z and Rubin in a Lexus GS300 being stopped by the police (lyrical reenactment).
Jay-Z in the Marcy Houses housing project where he grew up.
Break dancers and a group doing a rhythm choreography.
Jay-Z performing in Transit Wheelers Motorcycle/Van Club House.
Jay-Z on the Brooklyn Bridge.
A woman putting on makeup.
Inmates of a prison in the Bronx known as Vernon C. Bain Correctional Center.
Rick Rubin walking with Vincent Gallo.
A funeral director making preparations.
A rabbi praying.
A dogfight with many spectators, and the owners of the dogs taunting them in preparation for the fight.
Members of Alpha Phi Alpha performing a complex stepping routine.
Jay-Z's lawyer, facilitating bail then reacting to news of his death.
African-American motorcycle clubs in front of Transit Wheelers MC Club House in Brooklyn, New York, performing street stunts.
Jay-Z being shot with multiple bullets by unseen assailants. This final scene was very controversial as music video networks normally remove any scenes with violent content. On MTV, every airing of the video featured an introduction by John Norris explaining why the network felt it was proper to air the video unedited. The introduction also featured Jay-Z explaining why he felt the scene was important to the video. Jay-Z also made a special introduction for BET. Jay-Z explained that the depiction of a shooting is analogous to the "death" of Jay-Z, and the "rebirth" of Shawn Carter.
Track listings
99 Problems/My 1st SongA-Side 99 Problems (Clean)
99 Problems (Main)
99 Problems (Instrumental)B-Side My 1st Song (Clean)
My 1st Song (Main)
My 1st Song (Instrumental)
99 Problems/Dirt Off Your Shoulder, Pt. 1
99 Problems
Dirt Off Your Shoulder
99 Problems/Dirt Off Your Shoulder, Pt. 2
99 Problems
Dirt Off Your Shoulder
99 Problems (Video)
Dirt Off Your Shoulder (Video)
99 Problems/Dirt Off Your Shoulder, VinylA-Side 99 Problems
99 Problems (Clean)B-Side'
Dirt Off Your Shoulder
Dirt Off Your Shoulder (Clean)
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
External links
Entry on mvdbase.com
Page on Mark Romanek's official site. Includes screenshot gallery, treatment, credits and production stills.
2004 songs
2004 singles
Jay-Z songs
Songs written by Jay-Z
Songs written by Felix Pappalardi
Songs written by Billy Squier
Song recordings produced by Rick Rubin
Rap rock songs
Def Jam Recordings singles
Roc-A-Fella Records singles
Songs against racism and xenophobia
Songs based on actual events
Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance
Black-and-white music videos
Music videos directed by Mark Romanek
MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction
Songs about police officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99%20Problems |
Sibal is an Indian (Khatri) surname.
Notables
Notable people with the surname include:
Hira Lall Sibal, Indian lawyer
Kanwal Sibal (born 1943), Indian diplomat
Kapil Sibal (born 1948), Indian politician
Nina Sibal (1948 - 2000), Indian diplomat
See also
Sibal (car), Korean car brand
Basic Element (company), until 2001 known as Siberian Aluminum
Surnames
Surnames of Indian origin
Punjabi-language surnames
Surnames of Hindu origin
Khatri surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibal |
The 78th Academy Awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), took place on March 5, 2006, at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST. The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid a clash with the 2006 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz. Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California held on February 18, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams.
Crash won three awards, including Best Picture. Other winners included Brokeback Mountain, King Kong, and Memoirs of a Geisha with three awards and Capote, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, The Constant Gardener, Hustle & Flow, March of the Penguins, The Moon and the Son: An Imagined Conversation, A Note of Triumph: The Golden Age of Norman Corwin, Six Shooter, Syriana, Tsotsi, Walk the Line, and Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one. The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States.
Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 78th Academy Awards were announced on January 31, 2006, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in the Academy's Beverly Hills headquarters by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, and actress Mira Sorvino. Brokeback Mountain earned the most nominations with eight total; Crash, Good Night, and Good Luck, and Memoirs of a Geisha tied for second with six nominations each. All five Best Picture nominees received corresponding Best Director nominations (the fourth occurrence in Oscar history since the Best Picture nominees roster was limited to five films).
The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 5, 2006. Several notable achievements by multiple individuals and films occurred during the ceremony. Crash was the first Best Picture winner since 1976's Rocky to win only three Oscars. Best Director winner Ang Lee became the first non-Caucasian winner of that category. For this first time since the 34th ceremony held in 1962, all four acting winners were first-time nominees. At age 20, Keira Knightley was the second-youngest Best Actress nominee for her performance as Elizabeth Bennet in Pride & Prejudice. Best Supporting Actor winner George Clooney was the fifth person to receive acting, directing, and screenwriting nominations in the same year and the first person to achieve this feat for two different films. By virtue of his nominations for both Memoirs of a Geisha and Munich, composer John Williams earned a total of 45 nominations tying him with Alfred Newman as the second most nominated individual in Oscar history. "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" became the second rap song to win Best Original Song and the first such song to be performed at an Oscars ceremony.
Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().
Academy Honorary Award
Robert Altman In recognition of a career that has repeatedly reinvented the art form and inspired filmmakers and audiences alike.
Films with multiple nominations and awards
Presenters and performers
The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.
Presenters
Performers
Ceremony information
Despite the negative reception from the preceding year's ceremony, the Academy rehired Gilbert Cates to oversee production of the awards gala. However, in an article published in The New York Times, it was stated that 2005 host Chris Rock would not return to host the show. According to a statement released by his publicist, "He didn't want to do it in perpetuity, He'd like to do it again down the road." Furthermore, many media outlets speculated that several AMPAS members felt uncomfortable with Rock's disparaging comments about Colin Farrell, Jude Law, and Tobey Maguire. Initially, Cates sought actor and veteran Oscar host Billy Crystal to host the ceremony again. However, Crystal declined the offer citing his commitment to his one-man comedy show 700 Sundays.
In January 2006, Cates announced that actor, comedian, and talk show host Jon Stewart, who had previously hosted two consecutive Grammy Awards ceremonies in 2001 and 2002, was chosen as host of the 2006 telecast. Cates explained the decision to hire him saying, "My wife and I watch him every night. Jon is the epitome of a perfect host — smart, engaging, irreverent and funny." In a statement, Stewart expressed that he was honored to be selected to emcee the program, jokingly adding, "Although, as an avid watcher of the Oscars, I can't help but be a little disappointed with the choice. It appears to be another sad attempt to smoke out Billy Crystal."
Several other people and companies participated in the production of the ceremony. Bill Conti served as musical supervisor for the telecast. Media firm The Ant Farm produced a thirty-second trailer promoting the broadcast featuring clips highlighting past Oscar winners to the tune of the song "Our Lives" by The Calling. Previous Oscar hosts such as Whoopi Goldberg and Steve Martin, and actors Mel Gibson, George Clooney, Halle Berry appeared in an opening comedic sketch. Actor Tom Hanks participated in a pre-taped comedic sketch lampooning Oscar speeches. Stephen Colbert (host of The Colbert Report, the sister program of Stewart's The Daily Show) narrated two different mock attack ads lampooning both the intense campaigning and lobbying during Oscar season put forth by film studios and political advertising during elections. Violinist Itzhak Perlman performed excerpts from the five nominees for Best Original Score.
Box office performance of nominated films
When the nominations were announced on January 31, the field of major nominees favored independent, low-budget films over blockbusters. The combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $186 million with an average gross of $37.3 million per film. Crash was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $53.4 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by Brokeback Mountain ($51.7 million), Munich ($40.8 million), Good Night and Good Luck ($25.2 million), and finally Capote ($15.4 million).
Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 35 nominations went to 13 films on the list. Only Walk the Line (19th), Cinderella Man (41st), Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (45th), and Crash (48th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature, or any of the directing, acting, or screenwriting. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (1st), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2nd), The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe (3rd), War of the Worlds (4th), King Kong (5th), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (7th), Batman Begins (8th), March of the Penguins, (26th), and Memoirs of a Geisha (47th).
Critical reviews
Some media outlets received the broadcast positively. St. Louis Post-Dispatch television critic Gail Pennington praised Stewart's performance as host writing that he "did the Oscars proud Sunday night, turning in a four-star hosting performance that unfortunately made the rest of the show seem sluggish by comparison." Film critic Roger Ebert said that Stewart was "on target, topical and funny," and added, "He was as relaxed, amusing and at home as Johnny Carson." Columnist Ray Richmond of The Hollywood Reporter commented, "He seemed at times nervous and self-conscious, but on the whole, Stewart delivered with just the right balance of reverence and smugness."
Others media publications were more critical of the show. Television critic Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette wrote that Stewart was more "amusing than funny". He added, "Many of his jokes fell flat with the stars in the Kodak Theatre, and his tendency to bow down before celebrities quickly grew tiresome." Tom Shales from The Washington Post commented, "It's hard to believe that professional entertainers could have put together a show less entertaining than this year's Oscars, hosted with a smug humorlessness by comic Jon Stewart, a sad and pale shadow of great hosts gone by." Moreover, he derided the "piles and piles and miles and miles of clips from films present and past" writing that it "squandered the visual luster" of the ceremony. Associated Press television critic Frazier Moore remarked, "Stewart, usually a very funny guy, displayed a lack of beginner's luck as first-time host...His usually impeccable blend of puckishness and self-effacement fell flat in the service of Oscar." He also criticized the decision to play music over the winner's acceptance speeches calling it "distracting and obnoxious."
Ratings and reception
The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 38.94 million people over its length, which was an 8% decrease from the previous year's ceremony. Additionally, the show earned lower Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 23.0% of households watching over a 35 share. Furthermore, it garnered a lower 1849 demo rating with a 13.9 rating among viewers in that demographic.
In July 2006, the ceremony presentation received nine nominations at the 58th Primetime Emmys. The following month, the ceremony won four of those nominations for Outstanding Art Direction (Roy Christopher and Jeff Richman), Outstanding Directing for a Variety, Music, or Comedy Program (Louis J. Horvitz), Outstanding Main Title Design (Renato Grgic, Alen Petkovic, Kristijan Petrovic, and Jon Teschner), and Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Variety, Music, or Animation Series or Special (Patrick Baltzell, Robert Douglass, Edward J. Greene, Jamie Santos, and Tom Vicari).
In Memoriam
The annual In Memoriam tribute was presented by actor George Clooney. The montage featured an excerpt of the theme from Now, Voyager composed by Max Steiner.
Teresa Wright - Actress
Noriyuki "Pat" Morita - Actor, comedian
Robert F. Newmyer - Producer
Dan O'Herlihy - Actor
Vincent Schiavelli - Character actor
Joe Ranft - Writer, voice actor
Moira Shearer - Ballet dancer, actress
Fayard Nicholas - Choreographer, dancer
Joel Hirschhorn - Composer
Sandra Dee - Actress
John Fiedler - Actor, voice actor
Anthony Franciosa - Actor
Stu Linder - Editor
Barbara Bel Geddes - Actress
Moustapha Akkad - Producer
Chris Penn - Actor
John Mills - Actor
Robert "Buzz" Knudson - Re-Recording Mixer
Simone Simon - Actress
Debra Hill - Producer
Onna White - Choreographer
Robert J. Schiffer - Makeup Artist
Guy Green - Cinematographer, director
Brock Peters - Actor
Ernest Lehman - Writer
Shelley Winters - Actress
Anne Bancroft - Actress
John Box - Production Designer
Eddie Albert - Actor
Ismail Merchant - Producer
Robert Wise - Director
Richard Pryor - Stand-up comedian, actor
See also
12th Screen Actors Guild Awards
26th Golden Raspberry Awards
48th Grammy Awards
58th Primetime Emmy Awards
59th British Academy Film Awards
60th Tony Awards
63rd Golden Globe Awards
List of submissions to the 78th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Notes
a: Walt Disney has the most Oscar nominations for any individual with 64.
b: Best Foreign Language Film nominee Paradise Now was initially nominated as a submission from Palestine. However, following protests from pro-Israeli groups in the United States, the Academy decided to designate it as a submission from the Palestinian Authority, a move that was decried by the film's director Hany Abu-Assad. During the awards ceremony, the film was eventually announced by presenter Will Smith as a submission from the Palestinian territories.
References
Bibliography
External links
Academy Awards Official website
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website
Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)
News resources
Oscars 2006 BBC News
Academy Awards coverage CNN
Oscars 2006 - The Academy Awards The New York Times
Analysis
2005 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite
Academy Awards, USA: 2006 Internet Movie Database
Other resources
Academy Awards ceremonies
2005 film awards
2006 in Los Angeles
2006 in American cinema
2006 awards in the United States
March 2006 events in the United States
Television shows directed by Louis J. Horvitz
2006 controversies
2006 controversies in the United States
Television controversies in the United States
Obscenity controversies in television
LGBT-related controversies in television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/78th%20Academy%20Awards |
The Kyongnam Shinmun is one of two daily newspapers covering the South Korean province of Gyeongsangnam-do. Its headquarters are in Changwon. Like most of the country's newspapers, it publishes entirely in Korean and does not publish on Sunday. Its competitor is the Gyeongnam Ilbo.
The company was founded in March 1946 in Masan. It sent its first correspondent to Seoul 10 years later. In 2002, it appointed its current CEO, Kim Jo-il.
See also
List of newspapers
Communications in South Korea
External links
Official site
Daily newspapers published in South Korea
South Gyeongsang Province
Mass media in Changwon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyongnam%20Shinmun |
In English law, a beau pleader is a writ, whereby it is provided that no fine shall be taken of anyone in any court for fair pleading, i.e. for not pleading aptly, and to the purpose.
See also
Statute of Marlborough
References
English law
Writs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau%20pleader |
Elena Poptodorova () (born August 31, 1951) is a Bulgarian politician and diplomat, who has served two times as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Bulgaria to the United States.
Early life
Elena Poptodorova was born on August 31, 1951, in Sofia, Bulgaria. She holds a degree in English and Italian linguistic and literary studies from Sofia University (1974).
Foreign Ministry service
Elena Poptodorova joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1975 as a high-level interpreter for the Bulgarian Government. She later entered into a career of diplomacy. She served from 3rd secretary through minister-counselor in the Secretariat, the State Protocol, the Cabinet of the Minister and the UN and Disarmament Directorates through 1990, when she was elected to the national legislature.
From 1987 to 1990 she was minister-counselor at the Bulgarian embassy in Rome and Bulgaria's Consul General to the Republic of San Marino.
Prior to her appointment in Washington, Poptodorova was Director of the Security Policy Directorate at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a position, which she held for a year starting on August 1, 2009. From – 2009 she served as Ambassador-at-Large for the Black Sea Region at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Before her first mandate as the Ambassador of Bulgaria to the US, she served as a spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Director of the Human Rights and International Humanitarian Organizations Directorate.
From 2002 to 2008 she was Bulgaria's Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, when Bulgaria became a member of NATO and the EU. She started the Bulgaria Caucus on the Hill, the Honorary Consuls corps and the network of Bulgarian schools in the US, among many others. She was sent a second time to the same post in 2010, and remained in the office until May 16, 2016.
Poptodorova is fluent in English, Italian, French, Russian, and her native Bulgarian.
Post-diplomatic career
She is vice-president of the Atlantic Treaty Association, and director for Euro-Atlantic affairs at the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria.
Member of the National Parliament
Poptodorova had a long career as a politician right from the beginning of the changes in Bulgaria in 1989. She was first elected a member of the National Assembly of Bulgaria in the 7th Constituent Assembly from the list of the Bulgarian Socialist Party in 1990, and was a speaker of the Parliamentary group of BSP. She was re-elected in the 36th, 37th and 38th National Parliaments. She served on the committees on foreign policy, national security, radio and TV, human rights, agriculture. She was the Deputy Chair of the Bulgarian delegation to the International Parliamentary Union, member of the national delegations to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), and the Joint Parliamentary Committee ‘Bulgaria-EU’. She also served as Deputy Chair of the Inter-European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (IEPFPD).
In the late 1990s, Poptodorova was among the influential members of the Bulgarian Euro-Left.
Education
Elena Poptodorova earned her B.A. and M.A. degrees at the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia in English and Italian linguistic and literary studies, after which she attended a post-graduate course in international relations at the University of National and World Economy in Sofia. She specialized at the University of Leeds, UK and the University of Siena, Italy.
Affiliations
Ambassador Poptodorova is a founding member and member of the Boards of Bulgarian nongovernmental organizations among which:
The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria
The Center for Regional and Geopolitical Research
The Bulgarian Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association which she currently chairs.
Since 1995 Elena Poptodorova is a trustee of the board of directors of the American University in Bulgaria.
She is also a member of the Washington-based Executive Council on Diplomacy and Women's Foreign Policy Group.
Ambassador Poptodorova is Doctor Honoris Causa of the Assumption College, Worcester, US.
Awards and honors
2011 - Distinguished Service Award by the American University in Bulgaria
2008 - The Annual Award of the General Federation of Women's Clubs of the United States of America for leadership and outstanding contribution to the empowerment of women;
2008 - Medal of Honor "For Valour and Merit", I class, of Bulgaria's Ministry of Interior, for outstanding contribution to establishing the rule of law in Bulgaria, and the enhancement of the national interest and of national and European security;
2008 - Recognition Award of the Director of the US Secret Service in appreciation of her many contributions in support of the Secret Service mission and selfless commitment to the ideals and principles of law enforcement.
2007 - The Gold Medal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for outstanding contribution to Bulgaria's accession to the EU;
2003 - The Gold Medal of Bulgaria's Atlantic Club for promoting Bulgaria's membership in NATO;
2003 - Silver Medal on the occasion of 100 Years of Bulgarian-US Diplomatic Relations;
2002 - Honorary Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe in recognition of services rendered to the European cause.
Personal life
In September 2016, she is appointed as head of the Central European office of AJC - a position she stepped down from on 1 March 2017 for "personal reasons".
On 28 February 2017, Poptodorova was briefly detained at the airport in Warsaw, allegedly for theft of cosmetics – a story that was spread by 90 Russian news outlets, some of which were then quoted in Bulgarian media. A court case was started in 2017, and was conditionally closed in October 2018, when a Polish court decided not to punish her and not to include her name in the criminal record.
Elena Poptodorova is married and has one son.
References
External links
Елена Поптодорова, personi.bg
Official site of the Embassy of Bulgaria to the USA
The Washington Diplomat Newspaper - Her Excellency Elena Borislavova Poptodorova Petrova
Ambassadors of Bulgaria to the United States
Bulgarian women ambassadors
Bulgarian women in politics
1951 births
Living people
Diplomats from Sofia
Sofia University alumni
University of National and World Economy alumni
Members of the National Assembly (Bulgaria)
Politicians from Sofia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena%20Poptodorova |
Cottesloe is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Cottesloe is named for the western Perth suburb of Cottesloe, which falls within its borders. Its previous member, Colin Barnett, was the 29th Premier of Western Australia. The current member, David Honey, was elected in a by-election after Barnett resigned in 2018.
History
Cottesloe was created at the 1948 redistribution, at which three new metropolitan electorates were created to replace former northern and agricultural seats in Parliament. Its first member was elected at the 1950 election, and it has always been a safe seat for the Liberal Party and its predecessors.
It has only had four members. The first, Sir Ross Hutchinson, served as a senior minister in the Brand government. He was succeeded in 1977 by Bill Hassell, who served as Opposition Leader to Premier Brian Burke in 1984–1986. Hassell retired in 1990, and was succeeded by Colin Barnett at a by-election. Barnett served as Deputy Premier, Minister for Energy and, after 1995, Education during the Court government in 1993–2001, and Opposition Leader in 2001–2005. Barnett, seen as a moderate within Liberal ranks, resigned the leadership after the 2005 election. He had originally planned to retire at the 2008 election, but after the troubled seven-month leadership of Troy Buswell and generally poor opinion polls, Barnett was persuaded to reconsider (the nominated candidate for Cottesloe, Deidre Willmott, stood aside), and regained the leadership on 6 August 2008 on a unanimous party vote, one day before the 2008 election was called. At this election, Barnett became Premier of a minority Liberal-National government.
Barnett led the Liberals to a decisive victory in 2013, but was heavily defeated in 2017 and returned to the backbench. As a measure of how safe this seat has been for the Liberals, Barnett suffered a swing of 7.8 percent but still retained it with a comfortable margin of 63.3 percent, making Cottesloe the Liberals' safest metropolitan seat and the second-safest statewide. He resigned later in 2018, and businessman David Honey easily retained the seat for the Liberals with a healthy swing in his favour. At the next state election in 2021, Cottesloe became one of only two remaining Liberal-held seats, and the only Liberal held seat in Perth. Honey became the leader of what remained of the Liberal Party.
Honey therefore became the third member for Cottlesloe and in a row to serve as leader of the state Liberal Party.
Geography
As at the 2007 redistribution, Cottesloe is bounded by Loch Street and Brockway Road to the east, Perry Lakes and Bold Park to the north, the Indian Ocean to the west, and the Swan River to the south and southeast. It includes the suburbs of Claremont, Cottesloe, Mosman Park, Mount Claremont, North Fremantle, Peppermint Grove and Swanbourne. Major features within the electorate include Campbell Barracks (Australia), The Grove Library and The Grove Community History Library, Cottesloe Beach and several private schools including Scotch College, Christ Church Grammar School, Methodist Ladies' College and Presbyterian Ladies' College.
Prior to the redistribution, it had additionally contained sections of City Beach and Floreat, which were moved north into neighbouring Churchlands.
Demographics
Cottesloe and the neighbouring electorates of Churchlands to the north and Nedlands to the east comprise the affluent western suburbs of Perth—the Australian Bureau of Statistics's SEIFA index (2001) ranked them as the highest three electorates by socio-economic status in Western Australia, with high scores on educational and employment opportunity. At the 2006 census, the median individual income in the Cottesloe electorate, based on its 2005 boundaries, was $639 per week compared to $513 in the Perth metropolitan area, and the median weekly household income was $1,416 compared to $1,086 across Perth. 56.8% of the population were professionals or managers.
Members for Cottesloe
Election results
References
External links
Electorate profile (Antony Green, ABC)
Cottesloe
Cottesloe, Western Australia
1950 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Cottesloe |
A semiprofession is an occupation that requires advanced knowledge and skills but is not widely regarded as a true profession. Traditional examples of semiprofessions include social work, journalism, librarianship, teaching and nursing. Such fields often have less clear-cut barriers to entry than traditional professions like law and medicine, and their practitioners often lack the degree of control over their own work that has been traditionally associated with professionals such as doctors and lawyers.
In addition, semiprofessions tend to have been historically identified as "women's work," which has exacerbated prejudices against regarding them as "true" professions regardless of the amount of skill involved.
In most semiprofessional fields, efforts at professionalization are ongoing.
The question of whether nursing is properly considered a semiprofession in the present day is hotly debated. Arguments in favor of continuing to regard nursing as a semiprofession have included the toleration of part-time work and nursing's traditional subordination to medicine in making treatment decisions. Arguments in favor of regarding nursing as a profession, rather than a semiprofession, include the extensive postsecondary training requirements, formal certification as a registered nurse, self-regulation, and the existence of formal codes of professional ethics.
AACTE list
One group especially tied to this term, the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE), published a list of twelve checkpoints they believe help define a semiprofession.
Lower in occupational status
Shorter training periods
Lack of societal acceptance that the nature of the service and/or the level of expertise justifies the autonomy that is granted to the professions
A less specialized and less highly developed body of knowledge and skills
Markedly less emphasis on theoretical and conceptual bases for practice
A tendency for the individual to identify with the employment institution more and with the profession less
More subject to administrative and supervisory surveillance and control
Less autonomy in professional decision making, with accountability to superiors rather than to the profession
Management by persons who have themselves been prepared and served in that semiprofession
A preponderance of women
Absence of the right of privileged communication between client and professional
Little or no involvement in matters of life and death
Works cited
References
See also
Paraprofessional
Employment classifications
Occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiprofession |
Jim Burke (born 1973 in Manchester, New Hampshire) is an American illustrator, painter, and educator.
Burke received his BFA from Syracuse University and his MFA from the University of Hartford. Burke has lectured at Syracuse University, The Norman Rockwell Museum, and the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He formerly instructed painting and illustration at Pratt Institute, and as a visiting artist at Syracuse University. He returned to New Hampshire in the Fall of 2009, when he was appointed Chairperson of the Illustration Department at the New Hampshire Institute of Art. In Fall 2016, Burke was appointed Assistant Vice President of Academic Affairs at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, in Minneapolis, MN.
Publication History
"When Thunder Comes: Poems for Civil Rights Leaders" written by J. Patrick Lewis, Chronicle Books, 2012
“All Star!” Honus Wagner and the Most Famous Baseball Card Ever, written by Jane Yolen, Philomel/Penguin - 2010
"Miss Little's Gift" written by Douglas Wood, Candlewick Books, 2009
“Naming Liberty” written by Jane Yolen, Philomel/Penguin - 2008
“Johnny Appleseed” written by Jane Yolen, HarperCollins - 2008
“Take Me Out to the Ball Game” by Jim Burke, Little, Brown & Co. - 2006
“Maggie’s Amerikay” by Barbara Timberlake Russell, Farrar, Straus Giroux - 2006
"My Brothers' Flying Machine" by Jane Yolen, Little, Brown and Co., 2003
"Poetry for Young People; Walt Whitman"" edited by Jonathan Levin, Sterling Publishing - 1997
Recognition & Awards
New Hampshire Union Leader's "40 Under Forty", 2013
President's Good Steward Award, Campus Compact for New Hampshire, 2013, and 2015
Gold Medal from the prestigious Society of Illustrators
Platinum and Gold Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Best Book Awards
Parent's Choice Gold Best Book Award
Original Art Show, 6 books have received Awards of Excellence
6 "Starred" Book Reviews from Booklist, School Library Journal, and Publishers Weekly
Communication Arts Award of Excellence
Print's Regional Design Award of Excellence.
23 Awards of Excellence (for Illustration) Annuals 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 from the Society of Illustrators
8 Gold and Silver Medals (for Art Direction) from the Society of Illustrators
Influences
John Sloan and George Bellows of the Ash Can SchoolEdward HopperJohn Singer SargentJames McNeill WhistlerEdgar DegasFrank Duveneck
References
Living people
American illustrators
Syracuse University College of Visual and Performing Arts alumni
People from Manchester, New Hampshire
1973 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Burke%20%28illustrator%29 |
Masquerade Party was an American television game show. During its original run from 1952 to 1960, the show appeared at various times on every television network except DuMont (ABC, NBC, and CBS). A syndicated revival was produced for one season in 1974–75.
The gameplay consisted of a panel of celebrities attempting to guess the identity of a celebrity who was disguised with heavy make-up and/or a costume. The disguise would provide clues as to the celebrity's actual identity. For example, actor Gary Burghoff appeared in 1974 as a robot with a radar, alluding to his role as Radar O'Reilly on M*A*S*H. The panel asked yes-or-no questions of the disguised celebrity, after which they were given another clue. They then had one last chance to guess the identity, after which the celebrity revealed their true identity.
1952–1960
The original show had several well-known celebrities on its panel including Pat Carroll, Ilka Chase, Buff Cobb, Dagmar, Sam Levenson, Audrey Meadows, Ogden Nash, Betsy Palmer, and Jonathan Winters.
Comedian Allan Sherman was the producer, and Stefan Hatos was executive producer. The show's theme music was "The Comedians," an orchestral composition by Dmitri Kabalevsky. The oversensitivity of the show towards advertisers, and political correctness complaints, made it fall into a hoax of the satirical magazine The Realist in 1960.
This incarnation was ranked eighth on TV Guide'''s 2001 list of "The 50 Greatest Game Shows of All Time."
Episode status
Five episodes are known to survive.
Three exist among traders and are from 1955, 1957 and 1959 (Donald, Bracken, and Parks respectively). The 1955 episode features George DeWitt (then hosting Name That Tune) as a guest.
The UCLA Film and Television Archive holds episodes dated October 6, 1954 and May 5, 1955 (the latter also in the trading circuit).
1974–1975
In 1974, Masquerade Party was revived for syndication by Stefan Hatos-Monty Hall Productions and aired weekly for one season. Richard Dawson hosted the revival with Jay Stewart announcing.
The basic premise was the same as the original show. Bill Bixby, Lee Meriwether, and Nipsey Russell were regular panelists. Col. Harland Sanders of Kentucky Fried Chicken fame made an appearance as a celebrity guest.
A reference to this version was made in a final-season episode of The Odd Couple. Felix asks Oscar what he is watching on television, and Oscar reports, "Masquerade Party'' with Richard Dawson." Felix, who said he knew Dawson in the Army, replies "That man ruined my life!"
Episode status
Two episodes are known to exist. One is a studio master taped July 10, 1974 featuring Allen Ludden (disguised as a Southern judge) as a guest; the UCLA Archive lists an episode dated July 9, 1974. The other was recorded July 13, 1974 featuring William Shatner (disguised as a riverboat captain), Charles Nelson Reilly, Howard Duff and Carolyn Jones. This episode was shared to the public by the YouTube channel of Wink Martindale and his production company in 2020, and is a studio recording featuring studio commentary not meant for broadcast.
References
External links
1952 American television series debuts
1960 American television series endings
1974 American television series debuts
1975 American television series endings
1950s American game shows
1960s American game shows
1970s American game shows
American panel games
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
NBC original programming
Lost television shows
Television series by CBS Studios
Television series by Stefan Hatos-Monty Hall Productions
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masquerade%20Party |
13th Street station is a SEPTA subway station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, located under Market Street between 13th and Juniper Streets in Center City. The station serves the Market–Frankford Line and is the eastern terminal station for all five routes of the subway–surface trolley lines.
13th Street is located on the east side of City Hall and Penn Square and is connected to the Downtown Link concourse, a collection of underground passageways serving multiple stations on the Market–Frankford Line, Broad Street Line, PATCO Speedline, and Regional Rail lines. The station is also served by bus routes operated by SEPTA's City Transit Division and Suburban Division, as well as NJ Transit Bus routes.
The subway–surface platform was known as Juniper Street until 2011. The station is signed as 13th/Juniper Streets on historical system maps.
History
The station opened on August 3, 1908, as part of the first extension of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company's Market Street subway. The line had originally opened a year earlier between 69th Street and 15th Street stations.
The Downtown Link and associated underground corridors surrounding the station are expected to undergo a two-year renovation project in conjunction with renovations to the Broad Street Line's City Hall station.
Market–Frankford Line platforms
The Market–Frankford Line platforms are located one floor below ground level, connected to the Downtown Link concourse. The south concourse, accessible from the eastbound platform, features direct underground access to SEPTA's headquarters and transit museum, located at 1234 Market Street. Market–Frankford trains continue west via Market Street across the Schuylkill River to serve West Philadelphia and Upper Darby, and continue east along Market until Front Street, turning north towards Northeast Philadelphia.
Subway–surface trolley platform
The subway–surface trolley platform for Routes 10, 11, 13, 34, and 36 is located two stories below ground level, and is accessible only by escalator or stairway from the Market–Frankford platforms. The station is located at the end of the subway–surface line on a balloon loop parallel to Juniper Street and features a single track with all trolleys operating in the same direction.
Inbound trolleys discharge passengers on the southernmost portion of the platform. The trolleys then proceed to pick up passengers at either Berth 1 or Berth 2. Routes 10, 11 and 13 board at Berth 1, which is located on the northernmost portion of the platform. Routes 34 and 36 board at Berth 2, which is in the center of the platform. Upon departure of the station, the track wraps around and heads west towards 15th Street station. It also features a short spur track to the northeast that was formerly used to park occasional stranded or dead trolleys. The track was recently disconnected from the main line due to unsuccessful attempts to tie it into the trolleys' communications-based train control signaling system.
Station layout
The stations has two high-level side platforms for the Market–Frankford trains and one low-level side platform for subway–surface trolleys. Fare control and Downtown Link concourse access are both on the upper platform level.
Image gallery
References
External links
Juniper Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
13th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
12th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
SEPTA Market-Frankford Line stations
SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Line stations
13th Juniper
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1908
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
1908 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th%20Street%20station%20%28SEPTA%29 |
David Benjamin Krynzel (born November 7, 1981) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. He made his major league debut on September 1, .
Krynzel was drafted in the 1st round (11th overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft and spent seven years in the Milwaukee Brewers farm system before being traded to the Arizona Diamondbacks on November 25, , with Doug Davis and Dana Eveland for Johnny Estrada, Greg Aquino, and Claudio Vargas. On April 8, , the Diamondbacks released him. He signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles in December 2008.
External links
Dave Krynzel Minor League Splits and Situational Stats
1981 births
Living people
Baseball players from Dayton, Ohio
Major League Baseball outfielders
Milwaukee Brewers players
Indianapolis Indians players
Nashville Sounds players
Tucson Sidewinders players
Arizona League Brewers players
High Desert Mavericks players
Green Valley High School (Nevada) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Krynzel |
GP is American singer-songwriter Gram Parsons' debut solo album, and the only one released during his lifetime. It was originally released in a gatefold sleeve in 1973. GP received critical acclaim upon release, but failed to reach the Billboard charts. In the original Rolling Stone review, which individually covered both GP and its follow-up, Grievous Angel, the reviewer praises Parsons' vocals and delivery paraphrasing Gram's lyrics, "boy, but he sure can sing".
Background
After being dismissed from his previous band, the critically acclaimed Flying Burrito Brothers, Parsons decided to embark on a solo career. Unlike his two albums with the Burritos, which melded country and western with soul and rock music, Parsons was determined to make a more traditional country record this time around. However, Parsons' ongoing drug problem (which was a deciding factor for his being fired from the Burritos) and his friendship with Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones would delay his solo plans. As Mojo writer John Harris recalls in his article "The Lost Boy," Parsons had spent March 1971 hanging out with the Stones entourage on their 10-day "Goodbye Britain" tour and then, after spending much of the summer in London, he and (girlfriend) Gretchen Burrell flew to the South of France and spent two months "living in Nellcote, Keith and Anita's rented abode-cum-zoo-cum-studio." As the Stones spent months struggling to complete their ragged masterpiece Exile on Main Street in the basement, Parsons could be found upstairs where he was often joined by Richards spending hours passing the guitar back and forth singing old country songs. However, Parsons' condition eventually deteriorated to the point where he was booted from the premises, as David N. Meyer recounts in his 2007 Parsons biography Twenty Thousand Roads: "At Nellcote no one, not even Richards, saw rescuing Gram as a project that had much chance of success. Tolerance for his self-destruction had run out. The Stones had an album to record. Gram provided inspiration for much of what ended up on the record, but he had become a drag. It was time for him to go." Devastated at being ousted from the Stones inner circle, Parsons returned to London and, for a brief period, stayed with his former bandmate from The International Submarine Band Ian Dunlop in Cornwall before returning to Los Angeles intending to make a solo album for Warner Bros.
Recording and composition
Country megastar Merle Haggard agreed to produce Parsons's first solo album but backed out at the last minute. According to Meyer's Twenty Thousand Roads, Warner Bros. arranged a meeting at Haggard's Bakersfield home and the two musicians seemed to hit it off but later, on the afternoon of the first session, Haggard canceled. Parsons, an enormous Haggard fan, was crushed, with his wife Gretchen telling Meyer, "Merle not producing Gram was probably one of the greatest disappointments in Gram's life. Merle was very nice, very sweet, but he had his own enemies and his own demons." Parsons did manage to hire Haggard's engineer Hugh Davies for his upcoming album, as well as the core of Elvis Presley's band: James Burton (who had also played on Haggard's records) on guitar, Glen D. Hardin on piano and organ, and Ronnie Tutt on drums. Parson's biggest coup, however, was discovering Emmylou Harris, an unknown singer from Washington, D.C., who was recommended to Parsons by Chris Hillman. In the BBC documentary Beyond Nashville Harris recalls, "I would say until I had met Gram and started working with him I didn't really understand or have a real love or feel for country music. Like most of my generation, you know, country music was politically incorrect for us at that point. It was associated with Republicans and Right Wing and that sort of thing. He taught me the beauty and the poetry, the simplicity, the honesty in the music. And the love of harmony came from really singing with him."
The sessions for GP ran from September through October 1972 and were produced by former Blind Faith bassist Ric Grech. Parsons was beside himself with excitement at being surrounded by such stellar musicians but also severely intimidated by their presence; in a February 2013 cover story for Uncut, David Cavanagh recalls the singer's reticence: "Rehearsals for GP descended into drug binges. The songs were coming together – 'Still Feeling Blue' (a Parsons original), 'Kiss The Children' (by Grech), 'Streets of Baltimore' (a 1966 composition by Tompall Glaser and Harlan Howard) – but Gram was falling apart at the seams. He was in the grip of alcoholism. He gorged on cocaine. He was bloated and sweaty; friends in Los Angeles estimated he'd put on three stone (42 pounds) since his Burrito days. Singer and rhythm guitarist Barry Tashian remembers him being 'nervously excited' about the album, but strangely paralysed by inaction." In the 2004 documentary Gram Parsons: Fallen Angel, Harris admits, "Gram was drinking a lot during that recording, and so there were times when he was together and times when he wasn't. I hadn't done that much recording in my life but I thought, 'If this is the way people make records, I just don't get this.'" Realising he could be blowing his big chance, Parsons cut back on his drinking and finished the sessions.
The songs on GP display Parsons appreciation for both the Bakersfield sound pioneered by Haggard and Buck Owens as well as his love for both mainstream country music and R&B. The album is just as much a showcase for Harris, who performs two proper duets with Parsons in the style of George Jones and Tammy Wynette on "That's All It Took" (a song penned by Jones) and "We'll Sweep Out the Ashes in the Morning." The latter is classic country fare about two lovers racked by guilt and who agree their affair has to stop – but not yet. As Mojo'''s David Cavanagh observed in 2013, several songs on the album, such as "A Song For You" and "She," are about "the South Parsons emerged from – or at least the way he would wish to portray it to us – with Biblical imagery in every vista and trembling earth that shakes the trees loose...If it has such a thing as a concept, GP is a country album about country music itself." Parsons demonstrates a quiet, restrained vocal approach on several songs, such as "Kiss the Children" and "How Much I've Lied," infusing the material with a maturity that was not as evident on his previous recordings where his singing is noted for its almost childlike vulnerability. Parsons also recorded the J. Geils Band song "Cry One More Time," transforming the standard R&B lament into what he often referred to as Cosmic American Music, a mixture of several American musical styles. Engineer Hugh Davies would later recall to Parsons biographer David Meyers in 2007, "It was sort of funky country. Not quite rock, but beyond traditional country."
The cover of GP features Parsons sitting in a chair at the Chateau Marmont in Hollywood, where he lived with his wife when the first album was recorded.
The Fallen Angels
Parsons would also tour in support of the LP, assembling a band he called The Fallen Angels, which included Emmylou Harris. In the 2004 Fallen Angel documentary, steel guitarist Neil Flanz states that the rehearsals, which took place at manager Phil Kaufman's home in Van Nuys, California, were an unmitigated disaster: "It was just, like, party time most of the time. We weren't serious enough about the rehearsals. It was just wild. Everyone was playing music and having a good time but we weren't taking care of business." Adds Kaufman: "We had a big party, Warner Bros. threw a big party for us to go on the tour. We had a tour bus, and the worst tour bus ever. Ever. Gram brought along Gretchen and we left my house and went on our tour, and the tour was just disaster after disaster." By all accounts, it was largely Harris's determination that disciplined the band and turned the shows around.
Reception
Like his work with the Flying Burrito Brothers, GP was not a commercial success; neither the album or its single "She" cracked the Billboard 200. However, it was critically praised at the time of its release, with Bud Scoppa of Rolling Stone gushing, "Gram Parsons is an artist with a vision as unique and personal as those of Jagger/Richards, Ray Davies or any other of the celebrated figures," and praised the album's "rustic authenticity" and Gram's "amazing voice." The album has only risen in esteem since, with AllMusic giving it five stars out five and deeming it "probably the best realized expression of his musical personality...this album remains a haunting reminder of Parsons' talent and influence, and has only gotten better with the passing years." In the liner notes to the 1982 compilation GP, Elvis Costello wrote, "Gram Parsons had helped create a Frankenstein's monster: country rock. But his first Warners LP, GP, paid no allegiance to this style...The songs are of lost or stolen love, crossed with an occasional R'nB beat...If it should fail to move you, then you have a big problem." Amazon.com states, "Gram Parsons's debut solo album GP'' allowed audiences to appreciate Gram's incredible vocals and lyrical delivery."
Track listing
Personnel
Gram Parsons – vocals, acoustic guitar
Emmylou Harris – vocals
Barry Tashian – vocals, rhythm guitar
Ric Grech – bass guitar
John Conrad – bass
Ron Tutt – drums
John Guerin – drums
Sam Goldstein – drums
Glen D. Hardin – piano, organ, bandleader
James Burton – electric guitar, Dobro
Al Perkins – pedal steel guitar
Buddy Emmons – pedal steel guitar
Byron Berline – fiddle
Alan Munde – banjo on "Still Feeling Blue"
Ron Hicklin, Tom Bahler, Mitch Gordon, Lewis Morford – backing vocals on "Kiss the Children"
Hal Battiste – baritone saxophone on "Cry One More Time"
References
1973 debut albums
Gram Parsons albums
Reprise Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GP%20%28album%29 |
Trumbull High School is a large public high school located in Trumbull, Connecticut. The current principal is Todd Manuel.
History
Trumbull High School was founded in 1961 following a population increase in Trumbull during the 1950s. It was originally located at 4630 Madison Avenue, in the building currently serving as Madison Middle School. As the 1960s progressed, the town was compelled to commission a new high school to accommodate further population growth.
In 1971 a new school was constructed at 72 Strobel Road, offering a then-modern auditorium (originally designed as a lecture hall), two-story media center, and athletic complex. Middlebrook Junior High School was converted to Middlebrook Elementary School, and the Madison Avenue complex was converted to Madison Junior High School.
Trumbull High School housed grades 10–12 until 1987–1988 when ninth-graders were moved to the high school, and sixth-graders were moved to the Madison and Hillcrest middle schools.
In 1999, Trumbull High School was on national news due to a violent hazing incident involving 10 students of the wrestling team beating, hog-tying, and sodomizing a special-needs student.
Facilities
Academic
The main building contains two floors of classrooms, labs, and offices. It can take as much as 5 minutes to cross the interior of the main building.
An Agrisiceinec and Biotechnology building is located on campus and contains classrooms, labs, a greenhouse, as well as a working farm.
Athletic
The school has an American Football field known as McDougal stadium. It also hosts 6 tennis courts, 5 baseball and softball fields, and joint soccer and lacrosse stadium.
Achievements
Marching band
MAC Class IV Champions 2001, 2003; Class V Champions 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2015
United States Presidential Inaugural Parade – 2001, 2009
MAC Scholastic Marching Open Winter Percussion Champions 2008, 2018
WGI Percussion World Championships SO Finalists 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
WGI Percussion World Championships SO Finalists – Silver Medalists 2008, 2009
WGI Colorguard World Championships SW Finalists 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018
WGI Colorguard World Championships SO Class Bronze Medalists 2006, SW Class Silver Medalists 2018<ref
name="musicalartsconference1"/>
EMBA Class III Gold Division Champions 2000
1997 Bands Of America – Division AA Class Champions
2016 Bands Of America - Division AAA Class Champions
2016 Bands Of America - Regional Champions
1997, 2017 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade
1996,1997,1998,1999 EMBA Class V runner up
1992, 1994, 1995 EMBA Class IV Champions
2015 USBands – Class 6 Open Third Place Nationals
2016 USBands – Class 6 Open National Champions
2017 USBands - Class 6 Open Second Place Nationals
Sports
Boys Ice Hockey State Champions, 2012
Football State Champions 1977, 1985, 1986
Girls Soccer State Champions 1996–1999, 2001, 2006–08
Baseball State Champions, 1986, 1998
Girls Basketball Class 'LL' State Champion 1974
Boys Basketball Class 'LL' State Finalist 1974
Field Hockey Class 'L' State Champions 1986
Boys Volleyball State Champions 2001
American Scholastic Press Association "Most Outstanding High School Yearbook" 2004, 2005
We the People Connecticut State Champions (1988, 1991, 1992, 1994-1997, 1999-2007, 2012-2019, 2022, 2023)
We the People Top Ten in the Nation (2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2022) Best in Northeast (1992, 2002, 2006, 2012, 2015, 2019)
Math Team – Connecticut State Champions(2005), Top Ten in New England (2005, 2006)
Wrestling Team - Class Double L State Champions (2023)
Notable alumni
Paul Catanese - author
Roger Friedman (1975) – gossip columnist, fired by Fox News
Tony Horton (1976) – exercise instructor best known for P90X
Mark Longwell (1978) – All-New England soccer player at Fairfield University who went on to compete for the US men's national soccer team and Tampa Bay Rowdies
Harold Jensen (1983) – player on Villanova University's 1985 NCAA championship basketball team, who played a key role in the championship game versus Georgetown
Craig Breslow (1998) – professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Minnesota Twins, Oakland A's, San Diego Padres, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Miami Marlins; Assistant General Manager/Vice President, Pitching for the Chicago Cubs, Chief Baseball Officer for the Red Sox
Jamie D'Antona (2001) – former MLB player for the Arizona Diamondbacks
Manya Makoski (2002) – professional soccer player for the Los Angeles Sol, Atlanta Beat, and Sky Blue FC.
Notes
External links
Buildings and structures in Trumbull, Connecticut
Educational institutions established in 1961
Schools in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Public high schools in Connecticut
1961 establishments in Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumbull%20High%20School |
The Karakoram Pass () is a mountain pass between India and China in the Karakoram Range. It is the highest pass on the ancient caravan route between Leh in Ladakh and Yarkand in the Tarim Basin. 'Karakoram' literally means 'Black Gravel' in Mongolic.
Historically, the high altitude of the pass and the lack of fodder were responsible for the deaths of countless pack animals while the route was notorious for the trail of bones strewn along the way. There is an almost total absence of vegetation on the approaches to the pass.
Travelling south from the pass involved three days' march across the barren Depsang Plains at about . To the north, the country was somewhat less desolate and involved travellers crossing the relatively easy and lower Suget Dawan (or Suget Pass) before reaching the lush grazing grounds around Shahidullah or Xaidulla in the upper valley of the Karakash River.
The pass is in a saddle between two mountains and about wide. There is no vegetation or icecap and it is generally free of snow due to the winds. Temperatures are low, there are often very high winds, blizzards are frequent, and the extreme altitude often took its toll. In spite of all this, the Karakoram Pass was considered a relatively easy pass due to the gradual ascent on both sides, and lack of summer snow and ice much of the year. Consequently, the pass was open throughout most of the year. There is no motorable road across the pass, and the pass currently remains closed to all traffic.
Geopolitical issues
The Karakoram pass falls on the boundary between India's union territory of Ladakh and China's Xinjiang autonomous region.
It also plays a major geographic role in the dispute between Pakistan and India over control of the Siachen Glacier area immediately to the southwest of the pass. This situation arose from the Simla Agreement, signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan, when the treaty failed to specify the last or so of the cease-fire line from the end of the Line of Control to the border with China.
A potential China-India-Pakistan tripoint at Karakoram Pass is referenced in a 1963 boundary treaty between China and Pakistan concerning the Trans-Karakoram Tract, but India was not party to that treaty nor any tripoint agreement. The entire Siachen Glacier, with all major passes and heights of the Saltoro Ridge (including Sia La, Bilafond La, Gyong La, Yarma La (6,100m), and Chulung La (5,800m).), has been under the administration of India (currently as part of the union territory of Ladakh) since 1984. The current de facto tripoint is about 100 km west of the pass near Indira Col in the Siachen Muztagh, where the Actual Ground Position Line between Indian and Pakistani forces meets the border with China.
Historical maps
See also
Depsang Plains
Daulat Beg Oldi
India-China Border Roads
List of mountain passes of India
List of locations in Aksai Chin
Notes
References
Resources
Schmidt, Jeremy. Himalayan Passage: Seven Months in the High country of Tibet, Nepal, China, India & Pakistan. 1991. The Mountaineers Books, Seattle.
Mountain passes of China
Mountain passes of Xinjiang
China–India border
Mountain passes of India
Mountain passes of Ladakh
Borders of Ladakh
Mountain passes of the Karakoram | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram%20Pass |
Green Card Fever is a 2003 Indian Independent film written and directed by Bala Rajasekharuni. The film starred Deep Katdare and Purva Bedi.
The film was distributed by Net Effect Media and released worldwide following a series of film festival runs. The film was entirely shot in Columbus, Ohio.
The film was nominated for "Best Political Film of 2003" in the "Exposé" category by the Political Film Society.
Plot
The film depicts the trials and tribulations associated with obtaining a green card in the United States, exploring the secret underworld surrounding the immigration system and legal complexities that await undocumented immigrants. Green Card Fever explores the dynamics between immigrants from various countries of origin, and generations. Primarily the plot centers around Indian immigrants but involves Argentinians, Chinese, and the Middle-Eastern immigrants along the way, depicting the present United States as a transnational America. The film is dubbed as a romantic comedy but in substance it has more to offer.
References
2003 films
2000s Hindi-language films
Films about Indian Americans
Indian independent films
Films by Desi directors
2000s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Card%20Fever |
The Ogden Museum of Southern Art is a museum dedicated to art by artists from the southern United States in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was established in 1999.
The building
The Ogden museum is located in the Warehouse Arts District of downtown New Orleans, and has been at its location in Stephen Goldring Hall at 925 Camp Street since 2003. It consists of two main buildings: the Patrick F. Taylor Library built in 1889 and designed by architect Henry Hobson Richardson, and the adjacent Stephen Goldring Hall (named after Stephen Goldring), a 47,000-square-foot, five-story glass and stone building built in 2003. The museum also includes the Museum Store and the Center for Southern Craft and Design.
The museum's location is across the street from the National World War II Museum and the New Orleans Contemporary Arts Center. The three institutions anchor an arts district serving local residents and over 11 million visitors to New Orleans. The museum is a Smithsonian Affiliate.
Collection
The collection consists of work by artists from or associated with fifteen southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia) and the District of Columbia. It is based upon the founding donation of more than 600 works from New Orleans businessman Roger H. Ogden's private collection. Since this original donation the museum's collection of paintings, watercolors, drawings, prints, photographs, sculpture, wood and crafts has grown to include more than 4,000 works donated from individuals and collectors from across the US.
Among the many artists represented in the museum's collection are John Alexander, Walter Anderson, Benny Andrews, Clementine Hunter, George Rodrigue, George Dureau, William Dunlap, Ida Kohlmeyer, Will Henry Stevens, Kendall Shaw, Hunt Slonem, James Michalopoulos and George Ohr.
When the Ogden Museum opened in 2003, the New York Times observed that there is no easily identifiable Southern art style in the museum's collection. A sense of place, history and memory were themes that emerged. According to the Times, the artwork in the collection “range from folk art to shadowy paintings of bayous and back streets, from haunting old photographs to bright modern abstractions.” The museum has permanent galleries and changing exhibitions throughout the year.
Awards and recognition
The Ogden's Teen Docent Program was created in 2008 and had seen over 40 students enrolled at the time of the award. The students interacted with more than 7,000 people through museum tours, outreach programs and summer camps.
Ogden was recognized for his years of service with many non-profit organizations as well as his devotion to Southern art and his initial gift to the Ogden Museum of about 600 paintings and sculpture.
The Ogden Museum was selected to receive a grant from Bloomberg Philanthropies as part of its Arts Innovation and Management Program. The program will provide operating support and management training through a $43 million multi-year program for institutions across the country. The announcement was made in 2018.
Gallery
References
External links
Ogden Museum of Southern Art
The Ogden Museum of Southern Art: The Resilience of Culture in the American South
Museums in New Orleans
Museums of American art
University museums in Louisiana
Art museums and galleries in Louisiana
Art museums established in 2003
2003 establishments in Louisiana
University of New Orleans
Southern art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden%20Museum%20of%20Southern%20Art |
The Prayer Chain was a 1990s Christian alternative rock band. The band has been called "the epitome of the Christian underground". The Prayer Chain was known for producing moody, angst-ridden music which was, in turn, the result of creative differences within the band and with their record label.
History
The Prayer Chain formed in February 1990 when Campuzano & Prickett's band, Laughing Boy, broke up at the same time as Taber's band, Tapestry, broke up. Campuzano knew Taber through a Bible study group. Originally, Taber both sang and played drums, though drum machines were also used. The band auditioned Everett to play drums later that year after meeting at a Prayer Chain show in California.
Their first album, The Neverland Sessions was recorded with Steve Hindalong at Neverland Studios and was released independently.
After signing to Reunion Records they put out the Whirlpool EP and started touring, while focusing on their first album, Shawl, released in 1993. In 1993, The Prayer Chain released their first collection of all new material since 1990. In April 1994, the band released their first live recording toward the end of the tour for Shawl. It included several bonus tracks from the Shawl era.
After extensive national and international shows they started working on their album, Mercury, which was released in 1995. Originally the band wanted to do a worship-based album. Producer Steve Hindalong is credited by the band as helping bring the project together. Themes on the album include distance ("Mercury", "Creole", "Shiver", "Waterdogs") and disconnection ("Grylliade") as well as love ("Manta Rae" and "Bendy Line") and worship ("Humb", "Sky High" and "Sun Stoned").
After disbanding the band performed at a reunion show in Chicago in 1998, the Gene Eugene tribute show in 2000, some local California shows, 2003 reunion shows at Cornerstone Festival, and the Flevo Festival in the Netherlands. They also released some of their work and rarities through Bandcamp website.
In April 2015, the band announced they would be releasing Mercury on double vinyl through Kickstarter to mark the 20th anniversary of the album. Funding for the album was achieved within three hours of the announcement. In early 2018, the band announced two reunion shows to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the release of Shawl.
Members
Tim Taber – vocals, founder of Floodgate Records (Cool Hand Luke, The Myriad) and Transparent Productions.
Andrew Prickett – guitar, now plays with CUSH and does extensive recording/producing/engineering, has also played with The Violet Burning, My Brother's Mother, OneRepublic and others.
Eric Campuzano – bass guitar, now plays guitar for The Lassie Foundation & Stranger Kings. He's also released two drone solo projects under the moniker Charity Empressa. He also plays bass with CUSH, and has played with Starflyer 59.
Wayne Everett – drums, now playing guitar and started The Lassie Foundation, has played in Starflyer 59 and CUSH, has done some producing, also released a solo album titled KingsQueens in 2003 on Northern Records and a followup Two Ghosts in 2020.
Discography
Full-length albums
The Neverland Sessions (1992)
Shawl (1993)
Mercury (1995)
Antarctica (1996)
Humb (2011)
EPs
4 Song Demo (1990)
Whirlpool (1992)
Live (4-song version) (1994)
Live (8-song version) (1994)
Live at CBGB's (2005)
Singles (7-inch vinyl)
Shine (1992)
Crawl/Like I Was (1993)
Two-disc sets
Mercury & Mercurios Tin: Limited Edition Collector's Set (1995)
So Close...Yet So Far (Retrospective & B-sides) (1998)
Double vinyl
Mercury (20th anniversary re-release) (2015)
Compilations
Live at the Strand (1997)
A Live Tribute Recording for Gene Eugene (2000)
Here Comes the Rust (retrospective) (2003)
References
External links
Christian rock groups from California
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 1995
Alternative rock groups from California
American Christian rock groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Prayer%20Chain |
Erhard Keller (born 24 December 1944) is a former speed skater from Germany.
Career
Competing for West Germany, Keller specialised on the sprint distances – the 500 m and the 1000 m – and he joined the world's sprint skating elite in 1965. In December 1967, he equalled Yevgeny Grishin's world record on the 500 m by skating that distance in 39.5 seconds and the next month, on 28 January 1968, he beat Grishin's world record, to the very day five years after Grishin had set it.
Keller, studying dentistry at the Munich University at the time, then participated in the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble. There, the "flying dentist" became Olympic Champion on the 500 m (a distance in which he was still the world record holder), making him the first German male Olympic Champion in speed skating in history – before any other East German or West German or German Olympic Champions in speed skating that would follow. He was of course preceded by East-German Helga Haase, who won gold at the 1960 Winter Olympics at Squaw Valley for the unified German team.
In 1971, Keller became champion at the ISU Sprint Championships (the forerunner of the World Sprint Championships). The next year, he became Olympic Champion on the 500 m again (setting a new Olympic record in the process) at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. After the 1972 speed skating season, Keller became a professional speed skater and he graduated in dentistry in 1973. After 1974, Keller no longer participated in any international tournaments. He became a professional dentist in Munich in 1975 and only participated for a few more years in national tournaments.
Records
World records
Over the course of his career, Keller skated 6 world records (his 500 m world record of 38.0 equalling the existing world record; others would equal it too):
Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the last column (WR) lists the official world records on the dates that Keller skated his personal records.
Note that the small combination was not an official ISU world record event until 1981.
Keller has an Adelskalender score of 180.663 points.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Eng, Trond. All Time International Championships, Complete results 1889 - 2002. Askim, Norway, WSSSA Skøytenytt, 2002.
Keller, Erhard. 74 Schritte zum Ziel, Inzell gab mir die Chance. Munich, Germany: Copress-verlag, 1968. (in German)
External links
Erhard Keller at SpeedSkatingStats.com
Erhard Keller at DESG (Deutsche Eisschnelllauf Gemeinschaft)
1944 births
Living people
People from Günzburg
Sportspeople from Swabia (Bavaria)
German male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for West Germany
Olympic gold medalists for West Germany
Olympic medalists in speed skating
Speed skaters at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Winter Olympics
World record setters in speed skating
Universiade medalists in speed skating
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships medalists
FISU World University Games gold medalists for West Germany
Competitors at the 1968 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 1970 Winter Universiade
20th-century German people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard%20Keller |
Casimir Bizimungu (born 1951) is a Rwandan politician.
Biography
A former medical doctor, Bizimungu holds a Ph.D. and an M.D. from American universities.
He held several portfolios in the MRND government of Juvénal Habyarimana until July 1994. From 1989 to 1992 he was Minister of Foreign Affairs, and from 9 April to 14 July 1994, during the Rwandan genocide, he was Minister of Health in the interim government.
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) issued an indictment against him and three other ministers, accusing them of conspiracy in genocide, direct and public incitement to genocide, and crimes against humanity.
Bizimungu was arrested on 11 February 1999 at his home in Hurlingham, near Nairobi, Kenya. On 23 February 1999 he was transferred to the custody of the ICTR.
His trial by the ICTR in Arusha, Tanzania began on 6 November 2003. Bizimungu was tried along with several other former government ministers: Jerome Bicamumpaka (foreign minister), Justin Mugenzi (minister of commerce), and Prosper Mugiraneza (minister of civil service).
On 30 September 2011, Casimir Bizimungu was acquitted of all charges at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and immediately released from custody.
References
External links
Trial International: Casimir Bizimungu
Publications of Casimir Bizimungu, from PubMed
The Prosecutor v. Casimir Bizimungu et al. (ICTR Trial Chamber Judgement)
Living people
People acquitted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
1951 births
Foreign ministers of Rwanda
Health ministers of Rwanda
Rwandan exiles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir%20Bizimungu |
Te Mārua (previously also known as Te Marua) is the easternmost urban suburb of Upper Hutt. For reasons of location and distance from the city, the area is often classified as rural. Te Mārua is well known for its Plateau Reserve where remnants of the old Rimutaka Railway path can be found, which now form part of a historic walk. Mt Climie, the highest peak of the Remutaka Range, can also be reached from the reserve. The suburb is also the location of the Wellington Speedway, a nationally important venue for stock car racing, and of the Wellington Naturist Club's club grounds, venue of the historic 2016 World Congress of the International Naturist Federation.
Te Mārua is situated on State Highway 2, and is the last significant township (and shop) on the road before it reaches the head of the Hutt Valley and crosses the Remutaka Range into the Wairarapa. Te Mārua is situated in the original floodplain of the Hutt River and parts, particularly the Golf course, have been subject to flooding.
Just north of Te Mārua is the Te Mārua water treatment plant and the twin Stuart Macaskill Lakes. Water is taken from the Hutt River at Kaitoke, and either goes directly to the treatment plant or is stored in the lakes for future use. The water treatment plant supplies 40 percent of Wellington's water requirements, including all of Upper Hutt, Manor Park and Stokes Valley in Lower Hutt, all of Porirua, and the northern and western suburbs of Wellington City.
Te Mārua residents are represented by the local community body, the Upper Hutt Rural Residents Association, and served by Maymorn railway station.
In December 2019, the approved official geographic name of the locality was gazetted as "Te Mārua".
Demographics
Te Mārua statistical area covers . It had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Te Mārua had a population of 975 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 6 people (0.6%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 57 people (6.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 351 households, comprising 510 males and 468 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.09 males per female. The median age was 42.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 189 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 165 (16.9%) aged 15 to 29, 507 (52.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 111 (11.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 89.2% European/Pākehā, 15.7% Māori, 4.6% Pasifika, 1.5% Asian, and 1.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 20.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.0% had no religion, 30.2% were Christian, 1.8% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.6% were Buddhist and 2.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 123 (15.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 129 (16.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $40,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 192 people (24.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 456 (58.0%) people were employed full-time, 129 (16.4%) were part-time, and 21 (2.7%) were unemployed.
Education
Plateau School, located in Te Mārua, is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 6 students. It has a roll of as of .
References
Suburbs of Upper Hutt
Populated places on Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%20M%C4%81rua |
Chris Cran (born 1949 in Ocean Falls, British Columbia) is a Canadian visual artist, based in Calgary, Alberta.
Cran's work "investigates perception and illusion, and the viewer’s role in how images are formed...Widely exhibited across Canada and internationally recognized, Cran has become known for turning nothing into something, with the slightest push. Cran’s paintings, included in numerous Canadian collections, have to do with visual tricks, images that appear one way but have been made another way." He has been described in The New York Times as a painter who "…has built a career on tampering with people’s perceptions." In an article published in Galleries West, Jeffrey Spalding, who was senior curator at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery in New Brunswick, described the 2015–2016 multi-partner major survey of Cran's work at the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Alberta (AGA) and the Southern Alberta Art Gallery (SAAG), Lethbridge, Alberta as a "remarkable and unique career milestone" with exhibition organizers describing Cran as "influential" and "one of the country’s most notable painters of the last few decades."
Education and artistic influences
Cran studied at the Kootenay School of Art, Nelson, B.C. and Alberta College of Art and Design (ACAD) (Honours painting, 1979). In 1978 Cran attended a lecture in Edmonton by renowned then-74-year-old American art critic Clement Greenberg (1904–1994) – one of a series Greenberg presented in that city. Cran was provoked and irritated by Greenberg's already outdated dogma. Greenberg had held such sway in Canada as well as the United States and was considered by some to be one of the most renowned art critics in American history. Critics such as Leo Steinberg and others argued that Greenberg dealt more with what artists and curators could not do, such as contextualize an art object and glorify kitsch. Cran was of the next generation of artists who embraced post-modernity and Greenberg's ideas were entrenched in modernity.
Work
In a 2003 review published in Canadian Art Magazine, Calgary Herald art critic Nancy Tousley compared Cran's creative process to meteorological events, storms, showers and "thunderous, lightning speed one offs" in which he produces experimental works based on an idea as catalyst using a handful of different styles. The result is a body of work that looks like it was not produced by one artist but many.
In his review of Cran's 2009 exhibition entitled Bright Spiral Standard at Toronto's Clint Roenisch Gallery, The Globe and Mails art critic Gary Michael Dault described Cran's exhibition as a "dazzling sojourn in sophisticated visuality" and "fun" with its "shimmering, graphically delicate but exacting paintings." Dault said that Cran's allusive work borders on visual satire in which Cran gleefully references, analyses, demystifies and skillfully manipulates different genres and styles including still life, portraiture, and abstraction informed by Pop Art, Photo-realism, and Op Art. One painting Sailor was a product of nine years from inception in 2000 at the Emma Lake Artist's Workshops to its completion for this exhibition.
Canadian actor, writer, comedian, and film director Bruce McCulloch, who was asked by the National Gallery of Canada to write an essay for the exhibition catalogue,Sincerely Yours, described Crane's Self portrait; Accepting a Cheque for the Commission of this Painting,
In 1999 Diana Nemiroff observed that the Canadian art scene in 1999 was highly compartmentalized and regional art suffered from both isolation and the small size of its arts communities. However, this didn't "mean they're not terrific..Those people who know [Chris Cran] really respect his work... He's quite rigorous, very alive, very vital, not an academic artist at all."
Art educator, mentor and activist
After graduating from Calgary-based ACAD in 1979 Cran "served as a respected teacher" there from 1990 to 1993. Following a hiatus of five years he returned to ACAD where he is currently teaching. Cran is an instructor for One Yellow Rabbit's Summer Lab Intensive.
Awards and honours
Cran was inducted into the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 2002.
Cran was elected a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2015.
In 2005 Cran was awarded the Keith Evans Memorial Scholarship to assist Cran in his senior artist-in-residence tenure at The Banff Centre, where he mentored other artists while producing his own new works.
Cran's work was included in the second Canadian Biennial held November 2, 2012 to February 18, 2013, at the National Gallery of Canada (NGC). The NGC biennial showcases recent purchases made for the gallery's permanent collection. Three of Cran's works – Guest Host, 2011, Hand Gesture No. 6 (OK), 1992 and Manifesto, 2010 – were acquired in 2012.
Cran's work was also selected for the 2013 Alberta Biennial of Contemporary Art, which featuring 36 Alberta-based artists in an exhibition curated by Nancy Tousley and entitled The News From Here. The exhibition entitled The News From Here with a catalogue by the same name, curated by Nancy Tousley, "explores the theme of post-regionalism in Alberta art," where artists like Cran,
Cran was awarded the Doug & Lois Mitchell Outstanding Calgary Artist Award on February 20, 2015, at the Mayor’s Lunch for Arts Champions. The Award honours innovative Calgary-based artists who are acknowledged by their peers, have achieved national and/or international recognition and "have significantly enriched artistic discourse in Canada."
Selected exhibitions
Chris Cran: Surveying the Damage, 1977–97
In 1999 his retrospective exhibition entitled Chris Cran: Surveying the Damage, 1977–97 with works produced over two decades – including his student years at ACAD – was shown at the Kelowna Art Gallery in British Columbia, in Saskatoon, and in Toronto at the Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art (July 8, 1999 – October, 1999).
Patterns of Disappearance was exhibited at the National Gallery of Canada from June 16, 1999, to November 28, 1999.
Major Survey – Sincerely Yours, Chris Cran, 2015–2016
A major multi-partner survey of Cran's artistic production spanning over thirty years, was co-curated by Josée Drouin-Brisebois, Senior Curator of Contemporary Art at the NGC and Catherine Crowston, Deputy Director and Chief Curator, of the Art Gallery of Alberta (AGA) in Edmonton, Alberta The exhibition entitled Sincerely Yours opened at the AGA on September 12, 2015, in the spring of 2016 at the NGC. The exhibition includes over one hundred works from Cran's own collection, other private collectors, galleries and museums. A painting entitled, Self-Portrait With Large Audience Trying to Remember What Carmelita Pope Looks Like 1988 in which Cran refers to a TV commercial for Pam cooking spray featuring Carmelita Pope. Cran was intrigued by the idea of "a large appreciative audience for the most trivial things." Stephen Hunt of the Calgary Herald described Cran's work as the "rhetoric of the image," in reference to the iconic essay by Roland Barthes.
The exhibition Inherent Virtue, at the Southern Alberta Art Gallery (SAAG), Lethbridge, Alberta from September 25, 2015, to November 22, 2015, was part of the major survey of Cran's work.
Selected collections
Cran's work is in the permanent collections of the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Art Gallery of Windsor, Banff Centre for the Arts, Canada Council Art Bank, Edmonton Art Gallery, Glenbow Museum, Landfall Press, New York, New York, MacKenzie Art Gallery, Mendel Art Gallery, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, Nickle Arts Museum, North York Art Gallery, University of Lethbridge Art Gallery and private collections.
Notes
External links
Chris Cran Official site
Clint Roenisch Gallery (representation)
Trepanier Baer Gallery (representation)
Canadian painters
Artists from British Columbia
Artists from Calgary
1949 births
Living people
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Cran |
Richard Gush (1789–1858) was an 1820 Settler. Originally from Beer, a village in Devon, England, he settled in Salem, near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. His parents were Thomas and Mary Gush and his grandparents were James and Agnes (née Bucknell) Gush all of whom lived in Devon.
He earned renown by saving Salem from Xhosa warriors. A devout Quaker, he rode to meet them unarmed. After negotiating with Gush, they never attacked the village again, having previously stolen cattle.
These events inspired Guy Butler to write Richard Gush of Salem, a play that was commissioned by the Cape Performing Arts Board in 1968 for performance in 1970 as part of the celebrations of 150th anniversary of the 1820 Settlers' arrival. It was subsequently made into a movie.
Gush was a carpenter and built Salem's first church. Only after building the church did he build his house: indeed he and his family lived in a cave for their first seven years in South Africa. Children listed on his Death Notice are Mary Hana (1813), Margaret (1815), Richard Thoma (1817), Joseph Evans (1819), Joseph (1821), Margaret (1824), Richard Thomas Grainger (1826), William (1826), John Grainger (1828) and Elizabeth Ann (1831).
A sports house at Westering High School, Port Elizabeth is named in his honour.
References
1789 births
1858 deaths
1820 Settlers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Gush |
Russell Claydon (born 19 November 1965) is an English professional golfer.
Claydon was born in Cambridge, England. He won the English Amateur in 1988 and turned professional in 1989. He played on the European Tour from 1989 to 2004. He was in the top one hundred on the Order of Merit every year from 1990 to 1999, with a best placing of twentieth in 1997. He had six second place tournament finishes on the tour before picking up his first and only win at the 1998 BMW International Open.
Claydon struggled for form in the new Millennium and by 2005 he was playing few tournaments. However, he remained involved with the European Tour as a member of its board of directors. He was also a member of England's three man team in the 1997 Alfred Dunhill Cup.
Amateur wins
1988 English Amateur, Berkshire Trophy, Lagonda Trophy
1989 St Andrews Links Trophy, Lake Macquarie Amateur
Professional wins (2)
European Tour wins (1)
European Tour playoff record (0–1)
PGA EuroPro Tour wins (1)
Results in major championships
Note: Claydon only played in The Open Championship.
LA = Low amateur
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Team appearances
Amateur
Walker Cup (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 1989 (winners)
European Amateur Team Championship (representing England): 1989
Professional
Dunhill Cup (representing England): 1997
References
External links
English male golfers
European Tour golfers
Sportspeople from Cambridge
People from Fulbourn
1965 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%20Claydon |
Niah National Park, located within Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, is the site of the Niah Caves limestone cave and archeological site.
History
Alfred Russel Wallace lived for 8 months at Simunjan District with a mining engineer, Robert Coulson, who had explored what is now northern Sarawak for mineral ores. Coulson later wrote to Wallace about finding bones in a number of caves in Sarawak. On further enquiry, Wallace learned that one cave in question "was situated in the district between Sarawak and Bruni (Brunei), on a mountain some distance inland." In March 1864, Wallace favoured Coulson to explore the caves. However, later in May 1864, G. J. Ricketts, a British Consul to Sarawak was appointed to undertake the work. Ricketts did not remain in the post for long and subsequently Alfred Hart Everett was chosen to undertake the work. Everett surveyed 32 caves in three areas, including Niah/Subis (near Miri) and "Upper Sarawak Proper" (to the south of Kuching).
In the 1950s, Tom Harrisson, the curator of Sarawak State Museum was searching for evidence of ancient human activity in Sarawak. He came across Niah Cave, which showed no evidence of ancient human activity in the area. However, he inferred that since the cave was cool and dry and there were millions of bats and swiflets which can used as food, ancient humans could have lived in the cave. Therefore, in October 1954, Harrisson with his two friends, Michael Tweedie and Hugh Gibb spent two weeks examining the Niah. They found evidence of long term human occupation, habitation, and burial. In 1957, the Sarawak museum organised a larger expedition with transport and equipment from Brunei Shell Petroleum and Sarawak Oilfields Ltd (Shell). Eathernware, shell scrapers, shell ornaments, stone pounders, bone tools, and food remains were found. Radiocarbon dating of the charcoal layers put the site at 40,000 years old, dating back to the Paleolithic era. The expedition team led by Barbara Harrisson discovered the "Deep Skull" in the "Hell Trench" (for its unusually hot condition) at 101 to 110 inches below surface in February 1958. It is a partial skull with maxilla, two molar teeth and a portion of the base of the skull. The skull is highly fragile and is not fossilised. The morphology of the skull is suggestive of belonging to a female in her late teens to mid-twenties. Near the skull, a complete left femur and right proximal tibia were found which belongs to the same individual. Tom Harrisson also discovered Neolithic burial sites from 2,500 to 5,000 years ago. The discoveries led to more expeditions in 1959, 1965, and 1972.
In 1960, Don Brothwell concluded that the Deep Skull belonged to an adolescent male who may be closely related to an indigenous Australian from Tasmania. In the 1960s, 122 human remains from Niah were brought to Nevada, United States. There is lack of paleogeography, stratigraphy, and archeological relationships to support Tom Harrisson's work. Therefore, more fieldwork was conducted by University of Leicester, in collaboration with other universities from Britain, Australia, United States and Sarawak State Museum from 2000 to 2003 to establish a more detailed history of Niah Caves. It was known as the "Niah Cave Project". Another dating of the charcoal and the Deep Skull itself was done in 2000. It showed that the age of the skeleton to be 37,000 years old. In 2006, studies from the Niah Cave Project found out that the ancient humans living in the Niah Caves probably already used mammal and fish trapping technologies, projectile technology, tuber digging, plant detoxification, and forest burning. In 2013 to 2014, uranium–thorium dating also confirmed the age of the skull. In 2016, another research done by Darren Curnoe noted that the Deep Skull was more resembling of a female adolescent and is more closely resembling the indigenous people of Borneo rather than Tasmanians or the two layer hypothesis which stated that original population of Southeast Asia were emigrated from Australia and later integrated with people from China.
In 2010 and 2021, the Sarawak state government nominated the park for an UNESCO's World Heritage Site title. In 2020, all the 122 pieces of Niah human remains were returned to Sarawak.
Geography
Niah Caves is located on the northern edge of a limestone mountain named Gunung Subis (Mount Subis). The entrance is located at the west mouth of the cave. The location is 15 km from the South China Sea and 50 m above sea level. The west mouth of the Niah Caves is 150 m wide and 75 m high.
Archaeology
The cave is an important prehistorical site where human remains from 40,000 years ago have been found. This is the oldest recorded human settlement in east Malaysia. More recent studies published in 2006 have shown evidence of the first human activity at the Niah caves from ca. 46,000 to 34,000 years ago. Painted Cave, situated in a much smaller limestone block of its own, some 150 metres from the Great Cave block's south eastern tip, has rock paintings dated as 1,200 years old. Archeologists have claimed a much earlier date for stone tools found in the Mansuli valley, near Lahad Datu in Sabah, but precise dating analysis has not yet been published.
Items found at Niah Cave include Pleistocene chopping tools and flakes, Neolithic axes, adzes, pottery, shell jewellery, boats, mats, then iron tools and ceramics and glass beads dating to the Iron Age. The most famous find is the human skull dated at around 38,000 years BCE. Painted Cave has paintings and wooden coffin 'death ships'.
Between 1954 and 1966, approximately 750,000 fragments of animal bones were excavated here. One of them was identified as the metacarpal bone of a young tiger.
Vegetation
Pearce (2004) recognises six vegetation types:
Limestone vegetation on karst.
Mixed Dipterocarp Forest.
Seasonal Swamp Forest on clayey marl soils.
Seasonal Swamp Forest on peat soils.
Riparian Forest.
Regenerating Forest.
Current activities
The caves are also well known for the bird's nest industry. They are a popular tourist destination in Sarawak. Every section of the ceiling in the caves where there are swiftlets roosting is privately owned and only the owner has the right to collect the nests. Collection is done half-yearly (usually in January and in June). The collector climbs up hundreds of feet on a single pole to the cave ceiling and scrapes off the nest in flickering candlelight.
Gallery
See also
Prehistoric Malaysia
References
Further reading
Kennedy, Kenneth A. R., "The Deep Skull of Niah: an Assessment of Twenty Years of Speculation Concerning its Evolutionary Significance", Asian Perspectives, XX(I), 1977
External links
Tourism Malaysia - Niah National Park
A short description of the caves as a touristic destination.
Summary of the article "A short history of birds' nests management in the Niah caves (Sarawak)." by Quentin Gausset from the "Borneo Research Bulletin" published in 2002.
Another version from the Sarawak Forestry with a map of the caves
Article with a picture of some paintings and death ships.
Picture of some cave paintings.
Miri Division
Caves of Sarawak
Limestone caves
Wild caves
Archaeological sites in Malaysia
National parks of Sarawak
Borneo lowland rain forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niah%20National%20Park |
Whole is a documentary about people with a body integrity identity disorder, that makes them desire to be an amputee (medical term: apotemnophilia). It first was broadcast on the Sundance Channel in 2004.
Synopsis
The documentary examines the lives of several individuals who have body integrity identity disorder. They believe that they are supposed to have a sensory or physical disability, with some amputating a limb in order to achieve this. Some of the individuals are identified using their whole name, while others give only their first.
Referring to themselves as ″amputee wannabees″, the individuals portrayed by Gilbert find different ways of coping with their apotemnophilia. George Boyer shot his own leg off, while Kevin had a healthy leg amputated by a surgeon. Besides that mental health professionals, including Michael First, an academic psychiatrist at Columbia University, speak about their professional experience with this paraphilia.
Cast
Michael First
George Boyer
Kees
Marlene
Baz
Dan Cooper
Kevin
Robert Smith
Leif Davis
Jennie Cooper
Francie Horn
Release
Whole had its official premiere at the Los Angeles Film Festival in June 2003. It went on to screen at several other film festivals, including the Calgary International Film Festival, the San Francisco IndieFest, the Florida Film Festival and the Wisconsin Film Festival, before it was picked up by the Sundance Channel, which screened the documentary on May 17, 2004.
Reception
The Austin Chronicle gave the film 3/5 stars, writing " Gilbert’s film takes a wide-eyed and nonmorbid approach to her subjects, and the film is sure to become required viewing among psychiatry residents during their medical training."
Carl Elliott from Slate is of the opinion that Gilbert made a sensitive film, allowing amputee wannabes to speak for themselves. The viewers are confronted with the struggles, people who are obsessed to become amputees go through, as they care confronted with their strange desire.
Robert Koehler from Variety states that the great achievement of the film is, to cast a light on this "ultra-dark corner of the medical avant-garde" and to get both subjects as well as experts to talk about this rare medical and psychiatric condition.
References
External links
2003 films
Documentary films about mental disorders
American documentary television films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole%20%28film%29 |
Gros-Mécatina is a municipality on the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, near the border with Labrador in Quebec, Canada. Located near crab, lobster, and scallop fishing grounds, it is dependent on the fishing business, including a fish processing factory that contributes to regional economic activity.
The isolated municipality can only be reached via a regular weekly ferry service, or La Tabatière Airport. The villages of La Tabatière and Mutton Bay are connected via a asphalted road that has views of the gulf from the mountains; but in the winter the road is not plowed, and the only access is via snowmobile.
The name, pronounced (me-kuh-TEE-nuh) is from the Innu word makatinau, or "It is a large mountain."
History
Exploration of the area began in 1535 when Jacques Cartier passed by during his second voyage. The place became an important hunting and fishing ground in the first part of the 18th century. From 1739, Jean-Baptiste Pommereau acquired the fishing rights of the region for a period of ten years. The Gros-Mécatina Post, built in the same time period near present-day La Tabatière, quickly became one of the most important fishing settlements of the North Shore. Big Mécatina Island also, granted to Intendant Gilles Hocquart in 1755, was a popular location with fishermen. They remained such until at least 1808 when the authorities of Quebec sold Gros-Mécatina. By then permanent settlement had begun.
The Municipality of Gros-Mécatina was formed on January 1, 1994, when its territory was separated from the Municipality of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent. It was named after several geographic features within its area called Gros Mécatina, including a river, cape, island, archipelago, and lake. Mecatina comes from the Innu word makatinau, meaning "large mountain."
Communities
The municipality consists of two small isolated fishing villages, La Tabatière and Mutton Bay, as well as the abandoned settlements of Lac-Salé and Baie-des-Ha!-Ha! (Baie de la Terre).
La Tabatière
La Tabatière () is located on La Tabatière Bay, opposite Big Mecatina Island (île du Gros Mécatina), and home to a fish processing plant and reservoirs to supply vessels that serve this part of the region. According to popular opinion, the origin of its name (French for "the snuff box") refers to the loss of a tobacco pouch by a missionary. However, it is a corruption of tabaquen, possibly Innu, which became tapatienne and then tabatière. Missionary correspondence shows that the parish was at one time often referred to as Saint-Joseph-de-Tabaquen, a name said to mean "sorcery," and a priest who visited the mission in 1887 wrote that aboriginal groups who came to trade would consult a "sorcerer-magician" before leaving for their camps in the interior forests to find out the prospects for their return trip.
La Tabatière has long been frequented by fishermen and traders, particularly attractive for fishing cod and seals. In 1820, Scotsman Samuel Robertson, former employee of the Gros-Mécatina Post, settled there and founded a permanent settlement that his descendants still occupy today. In 1855, he was joined by settlers from Jersey and the place became known by the English name Sparr Point. In 1885, the Catholic mission Saint-Joseph-de-la-Tabatière was established and La Tabatière post office began operations on November 1, 1907. In the 1930s, the seal oil rendering and fish oil factory burned down and was rebuilt as a fish-processing plant which today is the largest on the Coast.
Mutton Bay
Mutton Bay (in French: Baie-des-Moutons ) is a small isolated fishing village on the namesake bay, just east of the mouth of the Big Mecatina River. The meaning of its name remains obscure since it seems unlikely that there ever were any sheep present. The name may be used as a metaphor for the white foam of waves, or for the hills that surround the bay, which are all rounded at the top.
In 1804, notary Félix Têtu reported the establishment of the Baie-Moutons trading post. In the middle of the 19th century, the bay was being fished but the village was not really established until 1872 when Newfoundlanders arrived and settled there. By 1886, the local post office opened, first identified as Saint-Joseph-de-la-Tabatière, then from 1896 on as Mutton Bay. In 1983, the place name was officially anglicized to Mutton Bay, replacing Baie-des-Moutons, because of the majority of English-speaking residents. By 1988, Mutton Bay had 55 families, living mainly from fishing lobster and scallops.
Demographics
Language
Education
Commission scolaire du Littoral operates St-Lawrence School (anglophone) in Mutton Bay.
See also
Ha! Ha! River
List of municipalities in Quebec
References
External links
Association Touristique Gros Mecatina
Lower North Shore Community Web Site La Tabatiere
Municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Côte-Nord
Road-inaccessible communities of Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gros-M%C3%A9catina%2C%20Quebec |
Lally Cadeau (born Alice Mary Cadeau, 10 January 1948) is a Canadian stage, television, film, and radio actress.
Life and career
Alice Mary Cadeau was born in Burlington, Ontario, the youngest child and only daughter of a once-aspiring actress from Hamilton and a French-Canadian from Penetanguishene. Her father died when she was 6 years old. She attended Stoneleigh-Prospect Hill School for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts; Edenhall Convent of the Sacred Heart in Philadelphia; and Havergal College in Toronto. Cadeau appeared as Elizabeth Rex at age 10 with the Hamilton Players Guild, and when 13 in Terrence Rattigan's Five Finger Exercise. She studied under Dora Mavor Moore.
A perennial stage, television, film and radio actress, she has been a mainstay with the Stratford Festival since 1997. She was in two television series, the CBC's Hangin' In and Sullivan Entertainment's Road to Avonlea. Since 1980, she has been the recipient of many nominations and awards, including a Bijou, a Genie, two Geminis, and two Dora Mavor Moore awards. These were for her work in Harvest, You've Come a Long Way, Katie, Road to Avonlea, and the stage plays Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Rose. Her work for the Stratford Festival has included the roles of Filumena, Juno Boyle, Jean Brodie, Mrs. van Damm, The Duchess of York, The Nurse and Lottie Childs.
Personal life
Cadeau was married to the Robin Weatherstone (d. 2018), with whom she had two sons, Christopher, and Bennet. She also had a daughter, Sara Brooke, from a previous relationship.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Franco-Ontarian people
People from Burlington, Ontario
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Best Actress in a Drama Series Canadian Screen Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lally%20Cadeau |
VfR Wormatia 08 Worms is a German association football club that plays in Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate. The club and its historical predecessors were regular participants in regional first-division football competition until the formation of the national top-flight Bundesliga in 1963.
History
SC Wormatia was formed on 23 May 1908 and renamed VfL Wormatia Worms in 1921 just before merging with VfR Wormatia Worms in 1922. VfR was the product of the 1919 merger of Union 08 and Viktoria 1912. Both VfL and VfR were playing in the Kreisliga Hessen (I).
The combined side played in the Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar earning mid-table results. In 1927, SC joined the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen and enjoyed first- and second-place finishes in that league's Gruppe Hessen. German football was re-organized under the Third Reich into sixteen Gauligen, or regional upper class leagues, in 1933. Wormatia found themselves playing in the Gauliga Südwest (I) where they continued to play well, capturing the division title three times. The side was merged into Reichsbahn TuSV Worms in 1938 and then played on under that name. The Gauliga Südwest was broken up into a two divisions in 1941 and the club went to the Gauliga Hessen-Nassau, playing there for only a couple of seasons before the end of World War II and the collapse of league play.
The club re-emerged as VfR Wormatia Worms after the war and joined the Oberliga Südwest (I) earning finishes in the upper half of the table in its first decade of play there, but only once advancing into the national championship rounds. That performance slipped somewhat in the years leading up to the formation of the Bundesliga, Germany's first professional league, in 1963. In the late 1960s, Wormatia became one of the first clubs to display advertising on its jerseys. Wormatia was seeded into the second division Regionalliga Südwest (2. Bundesliga after 1973) where, except for two seasons in the mid-1970s, the club played until 1981. The club's best results came in 1965, when it finished second and played in the Bundesliga promotion rounds, and in 1979, when it earned a third-place finish in the 2. Bundesliga.
The 1979 season was full of drama for Wormatia. At the mid-way point of the season the side led the 2.Bundesliga Süd as the Herbstmeisterschaft, or Autumn champions. Their second round German Cup match against Hertha BSC Berlin was called at 1–1 when the lights in Berlin's Olympiastadion failed and Worms then lost the subsequent re-match 0–2. The league championship remained within the club's grasp almost to the last, but crucial points were lost in drawing two of the season's final three matches. All of this took place against a background of steadily growing financial problems.
After struggling to avoid relegation through several poor seasons, the team finally slipped to the tier III Amateur Oberliga Südwest in 1982. A return to the 2. Bundesliga after a first-place finish in 1986 was frustrated when the club was denied a license because of its weak financial state. Wormatia continued to play third-division football until another financial crisis in 1994 drove them down to the Verbandsliga Südwest (V). The team returned to the Oberliga Südwest (IV) in 1998 and played there until 2008, when it qualified for the new Regionalliga West (IV) formed after the introduction of the 3. Liga. Finishing in the relegation zone at the end of its first season there, the club was saved from being sent down by the withdrawal of 12th-placed FSV Oggersheim from the league. Worms improved the following year and was moved to the Regionalliga Süd (IV) from 2010 to 2012. At the end of the 2011–12 season the club became part of the new Regionalliga Südwest (IV). They finished in a relegation position in 2014 but were spared from dropping back down to the Oberliga by the insolvency of SSV Ulm, but were relegated in 2019.
Honours
The club's honours:
League
Bezirksliga Main-Hessen (I)
Champions: 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931
Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen (I)
Champions: 1936, 1937, 1939
Oberliga Südwest (I)
Runners-up: 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1955
Regionalliga Südwest (II)
Runners-up: 1965
Oberliga Südwest (III)
Champions: 1986
Amateurliga Südwest (III)
Champions: 1976, 1977
Verbandsliga Südwest (V)
Champions: 1998
Cup
South West Cup (Tiers III-VII)
Winners: 1976, 1988, 1992, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2018
Current squad
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.
Key
Former coaches
The managers of the club:
References
External links
Official website
The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Wormatia Worms at Fussballdaten.de
Wormatia Worms at Weltfussball.de
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Rhineland-Palatinate
Association football clubs established in 1922
1922 establishments in Germany
Worms, Germany
2. Bundesliga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormatia%20Worms |
Ancillary data is data that has been added to given data and uses the same form of transport. Common examples are cover art images for media files or streams, or digital data added to radio or television broadcasts.
Television
Ancillary data (commonly abbreviated as ANC data), in the context of television systems, refers to a means which by non-video information (such as audio, other forms of essence, and metadata) may be embedded within the serial digital interface. Ancillary data is standardized by SMPTE as SMPTE 291M: Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting.
Ancillary data can be located in non-picture portions of horizontal scan lines. This is known as horizontal ancillary data (HANC). Ancillary data can also be located in non-picture regions of the frame, This is known as vertical ancillary data (VANC).
Technical details
Location
Ancillary data packets may be located anywhere within a serial digital data stream, with the following exceptions:
They should not be located in the lines identified as a switch point (which may be lost when switching sources).
They should not be located in the active picture area.
They may not cross the TRS (timing reference signal) packets.
Ancillary data packets are commonly divided into two types, depending on where they are located—specific packet types are often constrained to be in one location or another.
Ancillary packets located in the horizontal blanking region (after EAV but before SAV), regardless of line, are known as horizontal ancillary data, or HANC. HANC is commonly used for higher-bandwidth data, and/or for things that need to be synchronized to a particular line; the most common type of HANC is embedded audio.
Ancillary packets located in the vertical blanking region, and after SAV but before EAV, are known as vertical ancillary data, or VANC. VANC is commonly used for low-bandwidth data, or for things that only need be updated on a per-field or per-frame rate. Closed caption data and VPID are generally stored as VANC.
Note that ANC packets which lie in the dataspace which is in both the horizontal and vertical intervals, is considered to be HANC and not VANC.
VANC packets should be inserted in this manner:
(SMPTE 334M section 3): VANC data packets can appear anywhere between the SAV and EAV TRS packets in any line from the second line after the line specified for switching to the last line preceding active video, inclusive. Given the spec for switch points (set RP168 figure 2), the first allowed lines are 12 and 275 (for 525-line/59.94 Hz systems) or 8 and 321 (for 625-line/50 Hz systems). This conflicts with SMPTE 125M, and does not address requirements for carrying DVITC (Digital Vertical Interval TimeCode) and video index packets.
(SMPTE 125M section 3.6.2): VANC should appear only in lines 1-13, 15-19, 264-276, and 278-282, with lines 14 and 277 reserved for DVITC and video index data. This conflicts with SMPTE 334M, and does not address 625-line/50 Hz systems.
Packet format
All ANC packets must start with a start sequence; for component interfaces (the only kind of serial digital interface in widespread use today), the start sequence is 0x000 0x3FF 0x3FF. This sequence is otherwise illegal in the serial digital interface. (In the obsolete composite versions of SDI, the ANC start sequence is a single word, 0x3FC).
Three words immediately follow the start sequence in the header. The first word after the start sequence is the Data Identifier or DID, followed by either a 'Secondary Data Identifier (SDID) or a Data Block Number (DBN), followed by a Data Count (DC). After the Data Count word are 0 - 255 (inclusive) User Data Words (UDW), followed by a Checksum (CS) word.
DID
The Data Identifier word (along with the SDID, if used), indicates the type of ancillary data that the packet corresponds to. Data identifiers range from 1 to 255 (FF hex), with 0 being reserved. As the serial digital interface is a 10-bit format, the DID word is encoded as follows:
Bits 0-7 (bit 0 being the LSB), are the raw DID value.
Bit 8 is the even parity bit of bits 0-7.
Bit 9 is the inverse of bit 8.
Thus, a DID of 0x61 (01100001) would be encoded as 0x161 (0101100001), whereas a DID of 0x63 (01100011) would be encoded as 0x263 (1001100011). Note that this encoding scheme ensures that the reserved values in the serial digital interface (0-3 and 1020-1023) are never used.
If the DID is equal to 128 (0x80) or greater, then the packet is a Type 1 packet, and the DID is sufficient to identify the packet type, and the following word is a Data Block Number. If the DID is less than 128, it is a Type 2 packet, and the following words is the Secondary Data Identifier; the DID and SDID together identify the packet type.
SDID
The SDID is only valid if the DID is less than 0x80. The SDID is nominally an 8-bit value, ranging from 0 to 255. It is encoded in the same fashion as the DID.
DID/SDID words of 161 101 (hex) correspond to a DID of 61 hex, and a SDID of 1 (once the two high bits are removed); these values would indicate that the packet type is defined by SMPTE 334M, and contains DTV closed captions data.
DBN
The DBN is only valid if the DID is 80 hex or greater. It is (optionally) used to identify multiple packets of the same type within a field; each subsequent packet of the indicated type has a DBN which is one higher than the previous packet, wrapping around as necessary. The DBN is an 8-bit value, encoded in the same fashion as the SDID.
DC
The Data Count word is an 8-bit value, encoded in the same fashion as the DID, which indicates how many user data words are to follow. It can range from 0 to 255.
UDW
User data words are the "payload" present in the ANC packet. They are defined according to the packet type, SMPTE 291M does not define their use or impose any restrictions on the values which may be present in the UDW space. The only restriction is that the reserved values in the serial digital interface (0-3 and 1020-1023) may not be included in the UDW. Many ANC formats, though not all, are essentially 8-bit formats, and encode data in the same manner that the header words are encoded.
Example
SMPTE 352M (Video Payload ID) defines four UDW:
Checksum
The last word in an ANC packet is the Checksum word. It is computed by computing the sum (modulo 512) of bits 0-8 (not bit 9), of all the other words in the ANC packet, excluding the packet start sequence. Bit 9 of the checksum word is then defined as the inverse of bit 8. Note that the checksum word does not contain a parity bit; instead, the parity bits of other words are included in the checksum calculations.
Usage
Embedded audio
Embedded audio is audio payload which is (typically) the soundtrack (music, dialogue, and sound effects) for the video program. Two standards, SMPTE 272M (for SD) and SMPTE 299M (for HD and 3G) define how audio is embedded into the ancillary space. The SD and HD standards provide for up to 16 channels of PCM audio, while 3G allows up to 32 channels, typically encoded in the AES3 format. In HD, the embedded audio data packets are carried in the HANC space of Cb/Cr (chroma) parallel data stream.
In addition, both standards define audio control packets. The audio control packets are carried in the HANC space of the Y (luminance) parallel data steam and are inserted once per field at the second video line past the switching point (see SMPTE RP168 for switching points of various video standards). The audio control packet contains audio-related metadata, such as its timing relative to video, which channels are present, etc.
Embedded audio packets are Type 1 packets.
EDH
EDH packets are used for error detection in standard definition interfaces (they are not necessary in HD interfaces, as the HD-SDI interface includes CRC checkwords built in).
External links
SMPTE: SMPTE 291M-1998: Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting
SMPTE: ANSI/SMPTE 125M-1995: Component Video Signal 4:2:2; Bit-Parallel Digital Interface
SMPTE: ANSI/SMPTE 334M-1995: Vertical Ancillary Data Mapping for Bit-Serial Interface
SMPTE: RP168-2002: Definition of Vertical Interval Switching Point for Synchronous Video Switching
SMPTE: SMPTE 299-1:2010: 24-Bit Digital Audio Format for SMPTE 292 Bit-Serial Interface
SMPTE: SMPTE 299-2:2010: Extension of the 24-Bit Digital Audio Format to 32 Channels for 3 Gb/s Bit-Serial Interfaces
SMPTE: Data Identification Word Assignments for Registered DIDs
Film and video technology
Serial digital interface
SMPTE standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancillary%20data |
Hans Deinzer (14 January 1934 – 26 February 2020) was a clarinetist and clarinet teacher who taught at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater, Hannover for thirty years, and retired in 1996.
Biography
Born in , Deinzer received his first clarinet lessons at the Städtisches Konservatoriun in Nuremberg between 1949 and 1955. He was until 1962 a student of Rudolf Gall in Munich.
Deinzer was clarinetist at the Nürnberger Symphoniker and at the Sinfonieorchester des Norddeutschen Rundfunks in Hamburg.
He was one of the first clarinetists to professionally adopt the use of rubber mouthpieces, and also was a champion of historical instruments and playing. He recorded two versions of the Mozart Clarinet Concerto using a reconstructed historical boxwood clarinet and has premiered several important works, including Pierre Boulez's Domaines —which was written for him— and Henri Pousseur's Madrigal I.
He is a two-time winner of the Grand Prix du Disque.
His students include several prominent clarinetists, such as Sabine Meyer, Reiner Wehle, Wolfgang Meyer, Martin Fröst, Andreas Sundén, Andrew Marriner, Nicholas Cox, Antonio Salguero and Michele Zukovsky.
Discography
The track "Edition" features several of his students.
Werner Heider; Dialog I for Clarinet and Piano; Colosseum Colos SM 552 (p) 1973
Werner Heider; Inventio II for Solo Clarinet; Colosseum Colos SM 552 (p) 1973
Werner Heider; Strophen for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra; Colosseum Colos SM 552 (p) 1973
Werner Heider; Edition for five Clarinets; Colosseum Colos SM 552 (p) 1973
Werner Heider; Kunst-Stoff for Electric Clarinet, Prepared Piano and Tape; Colosseum Colos SM 552 (p) 1973
References
Pamela Weston; Clarinet Virtuosi of Today; p. 83–88, , Egon publishers 1989.
External links
1934 births
2020 deaths
German clarinetists
Musicians from Nuremberg
Musicians from Bavaria
20th-century clarinetists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Deinzer |
Tylocephale (meaning "swollen head") is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur, a group of dome-headed, herbivorous ornithischians, that lived during the Late Campanian stage (75-73 million years ago) of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia. It is known from a partial skull and associated mandible that were unearthed in 1971 by a Polish-Mongolian Expedition to the Barun Goyot Formation of the Gobi Desert. The specimen was described in 1974 by Polish paleontologists Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska as a new genus and species.
It was average-sized for a pachycephalosaur, reaching in length and in body mass. The skull is triangular in back view, the widest point being at the jugals with an apex at the top of the dome. Tylocephale's dome is the tallest known from a pachycephalosaur. This dome is also unusually thick and rugose on its exterior. Behind the dome, an array of spikes, nodes, and tubercules protrude posteriorly over the neck. The eyebrow ridge was ornamented with small, bony nodules and was thicker than in other genera. Tylocephale is closely related to other Asian pachycephalosaurs, like Homalocephale and Goyocephale, being part of the Old World branch of the group.
Being a pachycephalosaur it was herbivorous with small, ridged teeth adapted to break down fibrous plants. Its dentition also bears serrations, implying a potentially more heterogeneous diet of leaves, nuts, seeds, and insects. Fossils were found in the Khulsan locality, which preserves fossils of many other dinosaur groups like ceratopsians, ankylosaurs, oviraptorosaurs, dromaeosaurs, and a titanosaur. The Barun Goyot Formation was an alluvial plain, featuring large riverways in an arid to semi-arid climate.
Discovery and naming
During a joint Polish-Mongolian Expedition to the Khulsan outcrop of the Barun Goyot Formation in the Gobi Desert, a large skull and mandible of a pachycephalosaur (catalogue number ZPAL MgD-I/105) was unearthed in 1971. The rock layers of the Barun Goyot Formation derive from the Late Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, in numerical terms around 75 to 73 million years old. This was one of a series of expeditions carried out between 1963 and 1971 that were spearheaded by Polish paleontologist Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, which collected scores of well-preserved dinosaur skeletons. Several other Polish scientists joined the venture, including Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska, who were aided by local Mongolian aides. The skull was incomplete, missing much of the anterior portions and the rest of the bony dome. The mandible and skull were preserved in articulation, laying loose in weathered sandstone blocks from a former river channel. The specimen was one of several dinosaur individuals discovered at Khulsan during the 1970s, with material of the ankylosaurs Tarchia and Saichania, ceratopsid Breviceratops, and theropod Hulsanpes found in the locale. All of the fossils unearthed during this expedition were then transported to the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where they were described in the following years.
The pachycephalosaur skull found at Khulsan was one of several collected during the Polish-Mongolian Expeditions, with other specimens in the nearby Nemegt Formation gathered in addition to Barun Goyot. The pachycephalosaur material from both formations was described in scientific literature in the journal Palaeontologica Polonica in 1974 by Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska. The skull found at Khulsan was designated the type specimen of a new genus and species, Tylocephale gilmorei. The genus name Tylocephale comes from the Greek words tyle ("swollen") and cephale ("head") and refers to the skull's prominent cranial dome. The species name honors American paleontologist Charles Gilmore, who wrote the first detailed description of a pachycephalosaur. The 1974 paper also dubbed two new pachycephalosaurs based on the fossils from Nemegt, Homalocephale and Prenocephale. All of these taxa were grouped in a new order Maryańska and Osmólska named Pachycephalosauria, which contained North American genera like Stegoceras and Pachycephalosaurus as well.
Description
Tylocephale was a medium-sized pachycephalosaur, with estimates of in length and in body mass. No postcranial fossils belonging to Tylocephale have been found, though there are well preserved skeletons of the related Stegoceras, Homalocephale, and Prenocephale. Based on these taxa, Tylocephale had a short neck, tiny forelimbs, long hindlimbs, and a thick, rodlike tail for balance. The neck was slender and "U"-shaped, and held in a curved posture, attaching at the occipital condyle on the back of the skull. Its spinal column bore firm connections between the vertebrae that were reinforced by ossified tendons. Its arms were lightly-built and slender ending in a hand with five fingers. The limbs terminated in a pes with three toes, the middle being the longest, all of which had unguals.
Skull and ornamentation
The only known specimen consists of a partial skull lacking the braincase, palate, and anterior parts of the skull. Its posterior half of the mandible is preserved as well. Most dinosaurs have three fenestrae (hollow spaces) in their skulls, but Tylocephale bears only two. The infratemporal fenestra is angled vertically and is the same width for much of its length. The skull is very tall and narrow posteriorly with a stubby postorbital portion. Notably, the skull roof is tall with an apex very close to the posterior margin of the cranium. This roof is also thicker and bears a peak further posteriorly than observed in other members of the group, a distinguishing feature of the taxon. The dorsal part of the squamosal is the densest element of the skull, as well as being sharpened and not smoothened or swollen. However, the ventral surface of the squamosal is thinner and contacts the exoccipital.
All of the occipital bones are thin compared to the rest of the skull. The quadrates are elongated and align near perfectly with the mandibles. This allowed for a solid articulation of the skull and lower jaws. Its quadrate is positioned vertically and is perpendicular to the margin of the maxilla. In contrast, the jugal (cheek bone) is robustly built and oriented laterally. The jugals are the widest point of the skull and triangular in cross-section. The splanchnocranium's (back part of cranium) lateral wall, jugal, and quadratojugal (cheekbone) form a transversely broad structure. The orbit (eye socket) is very broad with an eyebrow ridge above the opening, as in other pachycephalosaurs. Its upper edge is flattened, with a narrow postorbital bar parallel to the quadrate. Both supraorbitals are preserved but incomplete. They are tall and thick in cross-section, making up a large section of the dome.
Cranial ornamentation is characteristic of pachycephalosaurs, which often bear three structures; nodes, tubers, and spikes. These ornaments became largest in the squamosal and smaller closer to the front of the cranium. The supraorbitals and postorbitals exhibit some ornamentation, but it is not exceptionally rugged. Tylocephales jugals have giant, protruding, and irregularly spaced tubers. The dome, unlike in some other pachycephalosaurs, had a rough texture. The squamosals on the posterior margin of the skull had a series of giant spikes and tubers. Of these, the biggest was located below the outermost node of the series. These spiked nodes continue along the length of the squamosal and postorbital.
Teeth and mandible
The tooth row is incomplete, but nine teeth from the back of the jaws are preserved. All of the teeth but the last are arranged in a straight line, a unique trait of the genus. The teeth have been damaged due to outside factors like erosion and taphonomy. Maryańska and Osmólska noted that proportionally, the dentition of Tylocephale is much larger than that of other pachycephalosaurs like Homalocephale. Teeth, seven in number, have high crowns and arched cutting surfaces. Like the teeth, the mandible is very poorly preserved, consisting only of the posterior portions. It has a weakly-elevated coronoid process of the ramus, which would articulate with the jugal. However, the adductor fossa is very deep and well-developed in transverse view. This fossa, located between the dentary and articular surface, was used for muscle connections, nerves, and veins with the jugal.
Classification
Tylocephale was a member of the group Pachycephalosauria, a family of thick-skulled, herbivorous, bipedal dinosaurs which lived during the Cretaceous period in Asia and North America. The last pachycephalosaurs went extinct during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, the last surviving genus being Pachycephalosaurus itself. Tylocephale However, a 2020 cladistic analysis recovered the heterodontosaurids as an early branch of the group, which extend the age of pachycephalosaurs as far back as the Early Jurassic. Currently, pachycephalosaurs are recognized as being part of the larger group Marginocephalia which encompasses it and the gigantic, horned ceratopsians.
Within Pachycephalosauria, the phylogenetic position of Tylocephale and other genera are in flux due to a lack of many well-preserved specimens. Despite this, the pachycephalosaurs of Asia such as Tylocephale, Homalocephale, and Goyocephale are often recovered in a similar grade, whereas the North American Pachycephalosaurus, Stygimoloch, and Alaskacephale are in a distinct group. The Asian members also are more basal, with fewer advanced characteristics compared to their North American counterparts. This is due to pachycephalosaurs originating in Asia before dispersing to North America during its brief Late Cretaceous reconnection with Asia. Tylocephale specifically is most closely related to the dome-headed Foraminacephale and flat-headed Homalocephale according to most recent phylogenetic analyses. It has been suggested that instead of being its own species, Tylocephale gilmorei is a synonym of Prenocephale prenes. A similar suggestion has been made about Homalocephale. Later studies on the histology of younger Prenocephale specimens also prove its distinction from Homalocephale and Tylocephale.
Below on the left is Tylocephale's position within Pachycephalosauridae according to Schott & Evans' 2016 publication on the classification of Foraminacephale, which recovers it as more basal to a larger North American clade. On the bottom right is the phylogenetic location of Pachycephalosauria as a whole based on Dieudonné et al (2020):
{{clade|{{clade
|label2=Pachycephalosauridae
|1=Wannanosaurus yanshiensis
|2={{clade
|label2=Pachycephalosaurinae
|1=
|2={{clade
|1=Goyocephale lattimorei
|2={{clade
|1=Homalocephale calathocercos
|2={{clade
|1=Tylocephale gilmorei
|2={{clade
|1=Foraminacephale brevis' |2=}}}}}}}}}}}}|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%|label1=Pachycephalosauria}}
Paleobiology
Diet
It is uncertain what pachycephalosaurs ate; having very small, ridged teeth they could not have chewed tough, fibrous plants as effectively as other dinosaurs of the same period. It is assumed that their sharp, serrated teeth were ideally suited for a mixed diet of leaves, seeds, fruit, and insects. Tylocephale may have had an entirely herbivorous diet, as the tooth crowns were similar to those of iguanid lizards. The premaxillary teeth show wear facets from contact with the predentary bone, and the maxillary teeth have double wear facets similar to those seen in other ornithischian dinosaurs. Every third maxillary tooth of UALVP 2 are erupting replacement teeth, and tooth replacement happened in backwards progression in sequential threes. The occipital region of Stegoceras was well-demarcated for muscle-attachment and it is believed that the jaw movement of Stegoceras and other pachycephalosaurs was mostly limited to up-and-down motions with only a slight capability for jaw rotation. This is based on the structure of the jaw and dental microwear and wear facets of the teeth indicate that the bite-force was used more for shearing than for crushing. However, it has been suggested that Tylocephale differed from Stegoceras by having a back-and-forth jaw motion instead of up-and-down. This propalinal motion would shift food back-and-forth in the mouth.
Dome function Tylocephale has been noted for its prominent dome, a trait shared by other pachycephalosaurids, which was covered in keratin. The dome function of Tylocephale itself has not been analyzed in detail, but a similar dome of Prenocephale was tested by biologists Eric Snively and Adam Cox in 2008. The study conducted a finite element analysis of 2D and 3D pachycephalosaur skulls, which found that high-vaulted domes like that of Tylocephale could sustain higher forces of impact than other pachycephalosaurs'. Tylocephale's dome is most similar to Pachycephalosaurus' with the presence of fused sutures, tubercules on the mandible and nasal, and expanded shelves on the squamosal. These traits are missing in primitive taxa such as Stegoceras, Homalocephale, and Goyocephale. Tylocephale, Prenocephale, and Pachycephalosaurus' extra ornamentation suggest that the dome was not purely for display or species recognition, but for agonistic behaviors like head-butting. Another study found that the correlations between head-striking and skull morphologies found in living animals also existed in the studied pachycephalosaurs. Stegoceras and Prenocephale both had skull shapes similar to the bighorn sheep with cancellous bone protecting the brain. They also shared similarities in the distribution of compact and cancellous regions with the bighorn sheep, white-bellied duiker, and the giraffe. The white-bellied duiker was found to be the closest morphological analogue to Stegoceras; this head-butting species has a dome which is smaller but similarly rounded. Stegoceras was better capable of dissipating force than artiodactyls that butt heads at high forces, but the less vascularized domes of older pachycephalosaurs, and possibly diminished ability to heal from injuries, argued against such combat in older individuals. The study also tested the effects of a keratinous covering of the dome and found it to aid in performance.
Paleoenvironment
The Barun Goyot Formation, based on sediments, is regarded as Late Cretaceous in age (Middle-Upper Campanian). This formation is mostly characterized by a series of red beds, mostly light-coloured sands (yellowish, grey-brown, and rarely reddish) that are locally cemented. Sandy claystones (often red-coloured), siltstones, conglomerates, and large-scale trough cross-stratification in sands are also common across the unit. In addition, structureless, medium-grained, fine-grained, and very fine-grained sandstones predominate in sediments of the Barun Goyot Formation. The sediments of this formation were deposited in alluvial plain (flat land consisting of sediments deposited by highland rivers), lacustrine, and aeolian paleoenvironments, under relatively arid to semiarid climates.Tylocephale is endemic to the Barun Goyot Formation, which was also home to many other vertebrates, including the ankylosaurids Saichania, Tarchia and Zaraapelta; alvarezsaurids Khulsanurus and Parvicursor; birds Gobipipus, Gobipteryx and Hollanda; protoceratopsids Bagaceratops and Breviceratops; dromaeosaurids Kuru and Shri; halszkaraptorine Hulsanpes; and oviraptorids Conchoraptor, Heyuannia and Nemegtomaia. Other taxa are represented by the large titanosaur Quaesitosaurus'', and a wide diversity of mammals and squamates.
See also
Timeline of pachycephalosaur research
References
External links
Tylocephale in the National History Museum's Dino Directory
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 1974
Pachycephalosaurs
Taxa named by Teresa Maryańska
Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska
Ornithischian genera
Marginocephalians of Asia
Campanian genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylocephale |
Pompano Citi Centre is a primarily open-air shopping mall in Pompano Beach, Florida. The center consists of a big box retailer strip, in addition to a small lifestyle center section. The mall's main anchor stores are JCPenney, Lowe's, Ross Dress For Less, Big Lots, and Pet Smart. Burlington, TJ Maxx, and Five Below will move into the former Sears with both stores scheduled to open in fall 2020.
History
Pompano Fashion Square was originally developed by Leonard L. Farber, Inc. in 1970 and the first regional shopping hub in Broward County. The enclosed mall's original anchors were 2 level Burdines, Sears, and JCPenney stores and a 1-story Jordan Marsh. The center was renamed Pompano Square and renovated in 1985 to better compete with newer shopping centers in the area. Jordan Marsh became Mervyn's in 1992 which gave the mall a similar fashion to the newly opened Pembroke Lakes Mall. The store in turn closed in 1997 when Dillard's bought the building. The structure in turn didn't reopen by the retailer and instead remained vacant until it was demolished in 2003 for Lowe's which opened a year later. By the early 2000s, however, Pompano Square was a dead mall. Interest in redevelopment surfaced also in 2004, and Faison revitalized the center into its current state in 2006. Moreover, Burdines merged with Macy's also in 2003 and just simply to Macy's in 2005 while a downsized JCPenney and Sears were retained from the old mall.
Sterling Organization purchased the mall from Faison in 2012. Since then, the new owners have worked on rebranding, a new website, to bring lively events to the mall and to also to fill the mall with more exciting tenants. Sears sold its store to Sterling on January 2, 2018, and the acquisition could give the opportunity to redevelop the store, which closed on December 16, 2018.
A carousel is located in front of JCPenney as entertainment. It was added in 2012, after Sterling bought the mall.
On January 8, 2020, it was announced that Macy's would close in April 2020 as part of a plan to close 125 stores nationwide.
References
External links
Pompano Citi Centre official website
Shopping malls in Broward County, Florida
Shopping malls established in 1970
Buildings and structures in Pompano Beach, Florida
1970 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompano%20Citi%20Centre |
Hoffman Television was a manufacturer of television sets in the 1950s and 1960s.
Hoffman Television was part of the first coast-to-coast color broadcast in the United States when NBC telecasted the Tournament of Roses Parade on January 1, 1954, with public demonstrations given across the United States on prototype color receivers by manufacturers RCA, General Electric, Philco, Raytheon, Hallicrafters, Hoffman, Pacific Mercury and others.
References
Electronics companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffman%20Television |
The Ministry of Environment () is the South Korea branch of government charged with environmental protection. In addition to enforcing regulations and sponsoring ecological research, the Ministry manages the national parks of South Korea. Its headquarters is in Sejong City.
Mission
The mission of the Ministry of Environment is to protect the national territory from threats of environmental pollution and to improve the quality of life for the public. This includes ensuring the people of South Korea can enjoy the natural environment, clean water and clear skies. Furthermore, the Ministry aims to contribute to the global efforts to protect the Earth. In February 2008, the Korea Meteorological Administration became an affiliate of the Ministry of Environment to facilitate countermeasures against climate change.
Tasks of the Ministry of Environment include
Enactment and amendment of environmental laws and regulations
Introduction of environmental institutions
Building up the framework structure for environmental administration
Drafting and implementation of mid to long term comprehensive measures for environmental conservation
Setting up standards for regulations
Providing administrative and financial support for environmental management to local governments
Inter-Korean environmental cooperation
Environmental cooperation with other countries.
History
The environmental authority of the Republic of Korea, began with the Pollution Section of the Ministry of Health and Society, established in 1967, which was expanded to become the Pollution Division, in charge of environmental administration, in 1973. After several reforms and the expansion of environmental authority, the Environment Administration was launched as an affiliate of the Ministry of Health and Society, in 1980. In January 1990, the Environment Administration was elevated to the Ministry of Environment under the Office of the Prime Minister, in order to efficiently integrate and coordinate environmental issues. In December 1994, the Ministry of Environment was given greater authority to establish and implement its own policies.
Timeline
Major policies
Air
Air Pollutant Emissions Trading System
Certification of Exhaust Reduction Equipment
Foul Odor Prevention
Promotion of Natural Gas Vehicles
Air Pollution Monitoring
Clean SYS
In-use Diesel Vehicle Emissions Control
Special Measures for Air Quality Improvement in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Atmospheric Environmental Standard
Dust and sandstorms
Indoor Air Quality
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Reduction
Water
Drinking Water Quality Standard and Test
Ecological Stream Restoration Projects
Environmental Management of Military Facilities
Environmental Water Quality Standards
Individual Sewerage
Non-point Source Pollution Management
Operation of Water Quality Monitoring Network
Public Sewerage
Total Water Pollution Load Management System
Underground Water Management
Water Environment Management Master Plan
Water Use Charge
Whole Effluent Toxicity Management System
Riparian buffer zone designation system
This is a system that restricts the construction of restaurants, accommodation, spas, factories, and warehouses by establishing a certain section of a river as a buffer zone connecting the aquatic ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem for the purpose of securing a healthy aquatic ecosystem and clean water, and designating a Riparian Buffer Zone to form a Riparian Buffer Forest after buying lands near the waterside one by one, through agreements with residents.
For the Han River watershed, 255 km2 adjacent to Paldonghosu, Namhan River, Bukhan River, and Kyoungan stream was first designated as a Riparian Zone in September 1999. Three successive changes have reduced its size to 191.3 km2. For the Nakdong River, Geum River, and Yeongsan River watershed, major dams and the land near stream flow and lakes, which were used as a water source, were designated as Riparian Buffer Zones in September 2003. For the Nakdong River watershed, three changes have been applied, making the designated area 339.9 km2. For the Geum River watershed, three changes have been applied, making the designated area 373.2 km2. For Yeongsan River watershed, four changes have been applied, making the designated area 295.6 km2.
However, the following areas were excluded from the Riparian Buffer Zones: Water source protection areas, development restriction areas, and military facility protection areas, which were already subject to other regulations; sewage disposal areas, anticipated sewage disposal areas, and city areas and settlement areas designated by the Utilization Management of the Land Act that had an existing environmental infrastructure; and natural villages above level 5 for Nakdong River and above level 10 for Geum River and Yeongsan River. For areas designated as Riparian Buffer Zones, new construction of pollution sources such as restaurants, accommodation, spas, apartment housing, factories and warehouses are prohibited. After three years from an area's designation as a Riparian Buffer Zone, the existing pollution sources must discharge sewage only after it has been processed to BOD and SS levels below 10ppm.
Toxic pollutants effluent standard
To maintain public water quality at a level that is safe for human and animal health and for the growth of plants, pollution materials subject to management are designated under the Act on Water Quality and Ecosystem Conservation. Currently, 40 kinds of organic materials, including copper, lead, nickel, and cyanogens, are designated as water pollutants. To manage water quality safety, heavy metals and phenols are designated as specific water pollution material.
An emission standard is one of the regulatory methods to achieve environmental standards, and restricts the concentration of discharge water from a discharging business. The standard is set with consideration given to environmental standards and purification capacity of a stream. The Act on Water Quality and Ecosystem Conservation applies wastewater emission standards to 29 items (e.g., organic materials, suspended solids, and phenols), and classifies the water quality of each watershed into 4 levels (Clean, Ga, Na, Special) for each region.
Organic material and suspended solids are handled differently according to the amount of wastewater discharged from a business. That is, considering the effect that it has on the stream, stricter emission standards are applied to a business that discharges wastewater in the amount of more than 2,000 m3/day than to smaller businesses, in order to incorporate a quantity regulation method as well as a concentration regulation method. Taking the capacity of wastewater processing facilities into account, special emission standards are applied to businesses whose wastewater flows into wastewater processing facilities in industrial complexes or agricultural/industrial complexes.
Since 1997, emission standards regarding nitrogen and phosphorus materials have been applied to all businesses located at Paldang Lake, Daecheong Lake, Nakdong River and Nakdong Estuary watershed to prevent the eutrophication of lakes and marshes. All businesses in Korea have been subject to the same standards since 2003.
The amount of chemicals discharged from industries into the watershed have increased with the growth of the chemical industry and the increase in international trade. Therefore, pilot studies on the ecotoxicity of discharged water for fish (minnow), daphnia magna, and birds have been undertaken since 2002, to examine the toxicity of unknown harmful materials outside of emission standards items. The Act on Water Quality and Ecosystem Conservation was amended in November 2007 to adopt an integrated toxicity management system based on the result of this research.
Telemetry Monitoring System (TMS)
Tele-Monitoring System (TMS) refers to a system that monitors the emission state of pollution materials on a 24-hour basis by creating an online connection between automatic measurement devices, which are attached to the discharging outlet of wastewater processing facilities and wastewater-producing businesses, and a remote water quality control center.
The objective is to prevent water pollution by managing and monitoring the quality of discharged water, while inducing each business to make efforts for production process improvement by analyzing and managing water pollution levels. A reasonable and objective effluent charge is determined in order to improve policy credibility by identifying the exact pollution level for each period of time. Technical support and consultation for the establishment of control methods for the pollutants discharged by a business are provided, through the continuous assessment and analysis of the pollution level by the remote control of water quality.
Soil
Soil pollution is different from other environmental pollution in that it is almost impossible to detect soil contamination by eye. Such pollution cannot be recognized until it has progressed to a certain level, and there is a long time delay between the pollution activity and the onset of damage. In addition, the effect of soil pollution is very long-lasting. Once soil is polluted, it is hard to remove the pollution; it takes a great deal of time and expense.
Soil goes through three phases: solid, liquid and gas. The solid phase consists of inorganic material from stone weathering, dead bodies of animals and plants, and organic materials of living organisms. The liquid phase refers to soil water. The gas phase refers to soil air. Though soil comes from stone weathering, it takes various forms such as clay, silt, sand, and gravel, depending on the mineral compositions of rocks and metamorphic processes. Soil performs numerous environmental functions, including flood prevention, water containment, water purification, landslide prevention, erosion prevention, pollutant filtering, regulation of surface temperature and humidity, and protection of living organisms and vegetation.
Seventeen materials are designated as soil pollutants in Korea according to the Soil Environment Conservation Act, including cadmium, copper, arsenic, mercury, oil, and organic solvents. Each material is subject to two standards: one represents a pollution level that could negatively affect people's health and property and the growth of animals and plants; the other is for soil pollution countermeasures where pollution exceeds the standard and actually harms people's health and property and the growth of animals and plants.
Soil pollution standards classify soil by its various uses in accordance with the Cadastral Act. That is, farms and woodlands that are less likely to be polluted are classified as 'Ga' areas; factory sites, roads and railway sites that are more likely to be polluted are classified as 'Na' areas.
Soil is mainly polluted by human activities, production activities in agriculture and manufacturing, the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, mineral discharge from mining activities, heavy metals and noxious chemicals from industrial activities, waste reclamation, and the diffusion and falling of pollutants from the air. The efforts made by the government to manage soil and protect it from such pollution sources are as follows:
To utilize soil pollution status and trends as basic data for establishing policies, the levels of pollution in the entire country have been continuously monitored. Currently, soil pollution surveys are done in two different ways: one is through networks that are operated by the Minister of Environment; the other is through soil pollution status surveys that are performed on behalf of mayors and provincial officers (the heads of Gun and the heads of Gu).
Targets for special soil pollution management such as oil manufacturing and storage facilities whose capacity is bigger than 20,000 liters, noxious material manufacturers and storage facilities, and pipeline facilities must be reported to mayors, the head of Gun, and the head of Gu, and checked for soil pollution level inspection and leakage tests for the purpose of reinforcing the soil pollution preventive system.
Five major oil refining companies have voluntarily signed an agreement to prevent soil pollution and restore degraded soil environment. They are SK Co. Ltd., GS Caltex Co. Ltd., and Hyundai Oilbank Co. Ltd. which handle more than 90% of the distributed oil in the country and the Korea National Oil Corporation which possesses large-scale oil storage facilities.
Both general and detailed surveys on the soil pollution status of 936 deserted metal mines across the country have been executed since 1992. Related ministries and offices carried out soil pollution prevention projects for mines in which contamination had been identified, such as the prevention of damage caused by mine-related pollution and improvement of farmland soil.
'Clean Gas Stations', which are equipped with dual-wall tanks, dual pipe lines, tanks and pumps have been designated to prevent soil pollution caused by facility corrosion and oil leakage from superannuated facilities.
Waste
Business Waste Minimization System
Control of Packaging Waste
Control on Waste Import and Export
Designated (Hazardous) Waste Management
EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility)
Empty Container Return Deposit System
Mandatory Use of Electronic Report on Waste Transfer
Medical Waste Management
Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles
Restriction on the Use of Disposable Products
Volume Based Waste Fee System
Waste to Energy Policy
Food waste reduction
Each local government has established different standards for the separation and discharge of food waste according to the status of disposal facilities in its region, such as whether it is possible to reutilize food waste as a resource.
As food waste, which belongs to household wastes, causes secondary environmental pollution such as the odor or sewage produced from landfill sites, the government established in July 1995 the 'Committee for the Management of Food Waste' which involves 8 central agencies, and this committee worked together to prepare measures for the handling of food waste. In 2002, with the Korea-Japan FIFA World Cup providing momentum for the establishment of an eco-friendly food consumption culture, the government pushed local governments, restaurant organizations, and civil organizations to establish a voluntary agreement for the reduction of food waste, and implemented it with a focus on the cities in which the football games of the World Cup were to be held. This voluntary agreement has been applied to the entire country since 2003.
The government has been working with civil organizations since 2002 to develop an educational program that encourages the reduction of food waste. Major projects included holding "The day of no food waste" every Wednesday, "Designating Eco-Friendly Restaurant" and launching a "Plates with No Food Left" campaign. Advertisements for food waste reduction have been broadcast on TV, radio, and electric billboards, and a cartoon was produced and distributed to elementary schools across the country to familiarize children with the concept of food waste reduction. It is considered that these activities have helped to inspire a culture of food waste reduction among the people of Korea.
As a result of the public awareness campaign for food waste reduction, the amount of daily food waste in 2006 was at 13,372 tons and accounted for 27.4% of the total amount of daily household waste (48,844 tons), which is still a relatively high percentage, yet shows a downward trend compared with 29.1% in 1996.
However, as food waste that was discharged separately from other wastes increased following the prohibition of direct food waste landfill (January 1, 2005), and the consumption of fruits and vegetables increased with the trend to a healthy lifestyle, it turned out that the amount of food waste produced in 2006 increased significantly.
Therefore, the government began to provide funds (30% of the total funds required) to establish public disposal facilities that transform food waste into feed for poultry, compost and bio-mass, and has been promoting the cooperation and participation of citizens to establish a culture of resource recycling in Korean society.
Waste charge system
The waste charge system is a system that charges the manufacturer of the product part of the cost involved in disposing of a product that contains hazardous materials or that is not easy to recycle and may cause problems in waste management, in order to restrict waste generation and prevent the wasteful use of resources.
The waste charge system is intended to reduce the production of waste from the manufacturing stage and promote the efficient disposal of waste.
The items on which waste charges are imposed include insecticides, containers of toxic chemicals, antifreeze, chewing gum, disposable diapers, cigarettes, and plastic products.
Waste charges are used for the research and development of technology to reduce the weight of waste and recycle waste, the installation of waste disposal facilities, financing for waste recycling projects, financial support for local governments to collect and recycle waste, and the purchase and storage of recyclable resources.
Green growth
The concept of "green growth" was first adopted at the "Ministerial Conference on Environment and Development" jointly hosted by the Ministry of Environment and UNESCAP in 2005. It was initiated by Korea, the host country, and included in the outcome of the Conference, "Seoul Initiative Network on Green Growth".
Green growth is developed to introduce sustainable economic growth model for the future based on Korea's experience in implementing environmental protection with economic growth.
Green Growth is a concept developed to complement the existing concept of sustainable development (integration of economic, social development and environmental conservation) since 'sustainable development' is too abstract and broad. Green Growth aims to shift the pattern of economic growth into an environment friendly one.
The project to develop the concept of green growth was supported by many research institutes including the Korea Environment Institute, the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade, the Korea Institute of Public Finance, and scholars from the fields of economics and the environment.
The concept of environmentally sustainable green growth links 'Environmental Performance' and 'Environmental Sustainability'. Policy measures to pursue green growth are eco-tax reform, and disclosure of company's environmental information.
Green growth is the concept that embodies the harmony of environment (Green) and economy (Growth). Green growth 2 has two implication in term of the relationship of economy and environment. Green growth 1 (Economy→Environment) means that economic growth does not harm but improves the environment. Green growth 2 (Environment → Economy) means that environment conservation can be the new growth driver of the economy.
Green living
Eco-labeling system
Environmental Education
Environmental Industry
Environmental Technology
Environmental-friendly Products
Environmentally-friendly Company Designation System
Nature
Eco-Village
Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Areas
Endangered Species Protection
Environmental Impact Assessment System
LMOs (Living Modified Organisms)
National Long-term Ecological Research Project
National Trust System for the Natural Environment
Nature Park
Prior Environmental Review System
Wetland Protection Areas
Wildlife Protection and Management
Human health & chemicals
Asbestos
Chemical Terrorism and Accidents
Dioxin aka "Agent Orange" was used in South Korea during the Vietnam War era, to defoliate areas along the DMZ. The South Korean Army also used Agent Orange to spray areas around NIKE Missile sites in the 1960s and 1970s at such bases as Camp Humphreys.
Endocrine Disruptors
Hazardous Chemicals Control
Health Impact Assessment System
Nano Materials
POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Response to REACH
Restricted or Prohibited Chemicals Designation System
Risk Assessment
Toxics Release Inventory(TRI)
International cooperation
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity)
Cooperation with America
Cooperation with OECD
Cooperation with UNEP
Korea-China-Japan Cooperation
Cooperation with Africa
Cooperation with ESCAP
Cooperation with Southeast Asia
FTA-related Environmental Agreement
Ramsar Convention
Cooperation with Europe
Cooperation with UNCSD
International Climate Change Negotiations
CITES
Climate change
CDM Projects
Greenhouse Gas Labeling System
Smart ways to reduce
Support for Local Governments In Responding to Climate Change
Offices
Previously the ministry had its headquarters in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province.
Regulatory reform
The Ministry of Environment has made significant success in improving water and air quality and conserving ecosystems by introducing various environmental regulations. However, in order to overcome the recent economic downturn and strengthen national competitiveness, it is necessary to conduct regulatory reforms, without undermining environmental quality, to create a better business environment, reduce public inconvenience and to raise the effectiveness of regulations.
To this end, Ministry of Environment will consider the life cycle and characteristics of companies in carrying out regulatory reforms, and ensure that such reforms contribute to improvements in the daily lives of the general public.
A more prudent approach is needed for environmental regulations as environmental issues often involve conflicts of interests and lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, the ministry plans to prevent social conflicts and environmental degradation by promoting communication among various stakeholders and securing environmental expertise.
Environmental impact assessment
The Korean government introduced systems to examine the environmental impacts of land development projects such as environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS). The government came up with measures to improve the systems to shorten time and avoid overlapping each other.
Under the EIA, all projects were subject to all test items (a total of 20) in the past, but now the government has adopted two streamlined processes according to the characteristics of a specific project. One is the "Scoping Process" under which an examination is conducted on necessary test items only. The other is "Simplified Assessment" which streamlines requirements for getting consent from local communities and consultation on documents of assessment when a project has a lesser environmental impact. "Scoping Process" and "Simplified Assessment" have been in effect since January 2009.
Small factories in "Planned Areas" are now exempted from PERS which had been applied to all factories.
As Korea has advanced its IT infrastructure, the government established the "Environmental Impact Assessment Support System" (EIASS) to provide all the information needed to draw up assessment documents. The EIASS provides free data, including measurements of environmental quality, ecosystem maps, historic sites, information on forests, geographical data, cadastral maps, and meteorological information.
To fundamentally solve problems with EIA and PERS, the government is working to unify the legal basis of EIA and PERS into a single law. "The Act on EIA and Other Environmental Assessment Systems" is in the making with a focus on the aims and process of consultation and ways of assessment. When the act comes into force in 2010, the period of assessment will be shortened by 30-40% (about 5–6 months), and the cost for drawing up assessment documents will be cut by 30%.
Seoul metropolitan area regulations
Areas allowed for land development within regions subject to Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) will be increased. Environmental protection areas in and around the capital city of Seoul (including eight local governments in Gyeonggi Province) were banned from large-scale development projects as those areas are mostly located near the catchment area of the Paldang Dam which supplies drinking water to about 23 million people in Seoul, the city of Incheon and Gyeonggi Province. However, progress in enhancing the water quality of the Paldang Dam has been slow, due to small development projects that are not subject to the above-mentioned regulation.
Therefore, the government changed the direction of water quality policy from regulations on the size of developed areas to the amount of water pollutants. In January 2009, the government allowed areas with the TMDL system to carry out development projects regardless of the scale of the projects if they meet the TMDL standard.
The environmental protection areas in the Seoul metropolitan area are famous for their beautiful landscapes and closeness to large cities. Therefore, with the eased regulations on those areas, investment is expected to increase in creating large tourist areas.
Discharge of industrial wastewater
Under the past regulation, building factories was banned within a certain distance from the upstream areas of water source. As a result, wide areas near the water source (at maximum of 20 km from the point of collecting water) were strictly controlled.
But some expressed concern that the regulation is too strict for plants discharging only pollutants similar to sewage from households.
To solve that problem, the government revised relevant laws in December 2008. It eased the regulation on factories that meet certain standards such as not discharging industrial waste waster and treating all emitted sewage through public sewerage system. So the limit on distance was reduced to 7 km upstream from water collection sites.
Advanced air pollution management
To control air pollutants more effectively, Ministry of Environment introduced the Telemetry Monitoring System (TMS) on the smokestacks of plants in 1997, and Total Air Pollution Load Management System in 2007.
TMS and Total Air Pollution Load Management System have been recognized as advanced systems in that TMS enables real-time monitoring of the concentrations of air pollutants and Total Air Pollution Load Management System encourages effective management of air pollution in places of business through a quota system. However, the two systems put economic burdens on companies. Therefore, the government has come up with measures to reduce such burdens without undermining the effectiveness of the systems.
First of all, improvements made on Total Air Pollution Load Management System include:
the allocation of the quota on dust has been suspended as it is difficult to set the quota because dust varies in types and characteristics.
currently the government is going to exclude Type 3 plants (mid-sized plants) from the system by revising relevant laws as those plants emit few air pollutants.
Next, some changes were made on TMS System as follows:
Installing and managing TMS device is expensive. So the government has decided not to impose the Basic Emission Charge, which is determined according to the amount of air pollutants emitted.
if companies exceed their quota unavoidably for a short period of time due to problems with their production system, they are exempted from administrative penalties.
the government will provide financial support to small- and medium-sized companies from 2009 for installing and managing TMS devices.
Condominiums and cable cars in natural parks
Heavy restrictions have been put on land development in protected areas and on historic sites designated as natural parks for public interest. However, building tourist facilities such as accommodation was also limited, causing inconveniences to local residents and visitors.
Constructing condominiums in natural parks has been restricted since early 1990, because such buildings could lead to a sense of inequality among different social classes. But recent surveys on local residents near natural parks and the general public showed that the majority of respondents were in favor of building condominiums in natural parks. And the demand for tourism has been increasing since the introduction of a 5-day workweek system. For these reasons, the government decided to lift restrictions on building condominiums in natural parks.
Also, the government has eased regulations on establishing cable cars in natural parks. In the latter half of 2009, limits on distance will be lowered from 2 km to 5 km, which will lead to more cable cars in natural parks. Such deregulation will enable more convenient trips for visitors and attract investment from the private sector for local development.
Toxicity of new chemicals
In Korea, manufacturers or importers of new chemicals are required to get toxicity examination on the chemicals by submitting a document on toxicity issued by certified laboratories. Certified laboratories were limited to domestic organizations only, so companies that had examination documents issued by overseas laboratories could not use their documents.
To resolve this, the government altered laws in June 2008 so that certified laboratories include laboratories in OECD countries. That reduced costs and time for drawing up examination documents, and laid the foundation for improved management of harmful chemicals through mutual recognition of test data with OECD countries.
If companies produce or import a small amount of new chemicals, or new chemicals are embedded in machines or equipment, it is not necessary to conduct a toxicity examination. Those companies or chemicals are given exemption from toxicity examinations, which reduces the time it takes to produce or import such chemicals.
List of ministers
See also
Environment of South Korea
References
External links
Official English-language site
Ministry of Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS)
Environment
Nature conservation in South Korea
South Korea
Pollution in South Korea
1994 establishments in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Environment%20%28South%20Korea%29 |
Turanoceratops ("Turan horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. The fossils dated from the mid-late Turonian stage, roughly 90 million years ago. The skull bore a pair of long brow horns like those seen in the Ceratopsidae, although Turanoceratops appears to have been transitional between earlier ceratopsians and ceratopsids, and not a ceratopsid itself.
Discovery and naming
From the 1920s onwards, Soviet scientists discovered fragmentary fossils near Dzharakuduk in the district Navoi Viloyat, leading them to the conclusion that some ceratopsid must have been present. In 1988, paleontologist Lev Aleksandrovich Nesov based on these published the name Turanoceratops tardabilis, but did not provide a description so that for the time being it remained a nomen nudum. In 1989, Nesov, L.F. Kaznysjkina and Gennady Olegovich Cherepanov validly named the type species Turanoceratops tardabilis. The generic name is a combination of Turan, an old Persian name for Turkestan, the general region of the finds, and ~ceratops, "horned face", a usual suffix in ceratopian names. The specific name means "retarding" in Latin, referring to the protracted research.
The holotype, CCMGE No. 251/12457, consists of a damaged left maxilla, the tooth-bearing upper jaw bone. Other fossils have been referred but some of these later were proven to have belonged to other types of dinosaur. A braincase e.g. (specimen CCGME 628/12457) was shown to be of a sauropod, while presumed frill material actually represented ankylosaur armour plates. Authentic material includes postorbitals with brow horn cores, teeth, a predentary and limb elements.
In 2004, Peter Dodson considered it a nomen dubium, but in 2009 Hans-Dieter Sues concluded that it was a valid taxon.
Description
Turanoceratops was a relatively small animal. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated its length at two metres, its weight at 175 kilogrammes.
Sues in 2009 determined some typically basal traits, indicating a lower position in the evolutionary tree, and some more derived traits, showing a higher position. Basal traits are the variably developed secondary ridges on the tooth crowns and the possession of just two or three teeth per tooth position. Derived traits, relative to the more basal Zuniceratops, are the increase of the number of teeth to two or three and the possession of two roots per teeth. More general derived traits are the exclusion of the frontal bone from the upper rim of the eye socket and the presence of incipient cavities in the skull roof.
Classification
Turanoceratops belonged to the Ceratopsia (the name is Greek for "horned face"), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period, which ended 66 million years ago. All ceratopsians became extinct at the end of this period.
A 2009 study led by Hans-Dieter Sues analysed additional fossil material of Turanoceratops and concluded that, contrary to expectations, it represented a true (though "transitional") member of the family Ceratopsidae. If correct, it would represent an Asian ceratopsid. At the time of publication this would have been unique, as all other ceratopsids known to that point were from North America. Some scientists, such as Andrew Farke, disagreed with Sues' findings. Farke and colleagues ran an independent phylogenetic analysis of the new Turanoceratops fossils and found that it was a close relative of Ceratopsidae (the immediate sister group) but was not a true member of that clade. Sues and Alexander Averianov criticised that analysis, arguing that Farke and colleagues misinterpreted or mis-coded some characteristics of the fossil in their analysis. However, Xu et al. (2010) conducted a phylogenetic analysis and concluded that Turanoceratops was more derived than Zuniceratops and was outside of Ceratopsidae, because it lacks several important synapomorphies of this group.
Paleobiology
Turanoceratops, like all ceratopsians, was a herbivore. During the Cretaceous, flowering plants were "geographically limited on the landscape", and so it is likely that this dinosaur fed on the predominant plants of the era: ferns and conifers. It would have used its sharp ceratopsian beak to bite off the leaves or needles.
See also
Timeline of ceratopsian research
References
Ceratopsians
Turonian life
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossils of Uzbekistan
Bissekty Formation
Fossil taxa described in 1989
Ornithischian genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanoceratops |
Emanuel Parzen (April 21, 1929 – February 6, 2016) was an American statistician. He worked and published on signal detection theory and time series analysis, where he pioneered the use of kernel density estimation (also known as the Parzen window in his honor). Parzen was the recipient of the 1994 Samuel S. Wilks Memorial Medal of the American Statistical Association.
Biography
Parzen attended Bronx High School of Science. He then matriculated to Harvard, where he earned his undergraduate degree in mathematics in 1949. From there, he went on to Berkeley, earning his master and doctorate degrees in mathematics in 1951 and 1953, respectively. His dissertation, "On Uniform Convergence of Families of Sequences of Random Variables", was written under Michel Loève.
Parzen went directly into academia after graduate school, first serving as a research scientist in the physics department and assistant professor of mathematical statistics at Columbia University. He left there in 1956 for Stanford University, where he stayed for the next 14 years. During this time, he wrote what has become one of the classical texts in probability theory. In 1970, he accepted the chair of the statistics department at SUNY Buffalo and in 1978 moved to his last post as a Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University.
Parzen died in Boca Raton, Florida on February 6, 2016. His son, Michael Parzen, is a Senior Lecturer of Statistics at Harvard University.
Awards
Fellow, American Statistical Association
Fellow, Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Samuel S. Wilks Memorial Medal
References
External links
Emanual Parzen's faculty web page at Texas A&M University
Samuel S. Wilks Award Citations
Emanuel and Carol Parzen Prize for Statistical Innovation
People.fas.harvard.edu
1929 births
2016 deaths
American statisticians
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Jewish American scientists
Harvard College alumni
Mathematicians from New York (state)
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel%20Parzen |
Arnošt Lustig (; 21 December 1926 – 26 February 2011) was a renowned Czech Jewish author of novels, short stories, plays, and screenplays whose works have often involved the Holocaust.
Life and work
Lustig was born in Prague. As a Jewish boy in Czechoslovakia during World War II, he was sent in 1942 to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, from where he was later transported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, followed by time in the Buchenwald concentration camp. In 1945, he escaped from a train carrying him to the Dachau concentration camp when the engine was destroyed by an American fighter-bomber. He returned to Prague in time to take part in the May 1945 uprising against the German occupation.
After the war, he studied journalism at Charles University in Prague and then worked for a number of years at Radio Prague. He worked as a journalist in Israel at the time of its War of Independence where he met his future wife, who at the time was a volunteer with the Haganah. He was one of the major critics of the Communist regime in June 1967 at the 4th Writers Conference, and gave up his membership in the Communist Party after the 1967 Middle East war, to protest his government's breaking of relations with Israel. However, following the Soviet-led invasion that ended the Prague Spring in 1968, he left the country, first to Yugoslavia, then Israel and later in 1970 to the United States. He spent the academic year 1970-1971 as a scholar in the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa. After the fall of communist regime in Czechoslovakia in 1989, he divided his time between Prague and Washington, D.C., where he continued to teach at the American University. After his retirement from the American University in 2003, he became a full-time resident of Prague. He was given an apartment in the Prague Castle by then President Václav Havel and honored for his contributions to Czech culture on his 80th birthday in 2006. In 2008, Lustig became the eighth recipient of the Franz Kafka Prize, and the third recipient of the Karel Čapek Prize in 1996.
Lustig was married to Věra Weislitzová (1927-2009), daughter of a furniture maker from Ostrava who was also imprisoned in the Terezín concentration camp. Unlike her parents, she was not deported to Auschwitz. She wrote of her family's fate during the Holocaust in the collection of poems entitled "Daughter of Olga and Leo." They have two children, Josef (1951) and Eva (1956).
Lustig died at age 84 in Prague on 26 February 2011 after suffering from Hodgkin lymphoma for five years.
His most renowned books are A Prayer For Katerina Horowitzowa (published and nominated for a National Book Award in 1974), Dita Saxová (1962, trans. 1979 as Dita Saxova), Night and Hope (1957, trans. 1985), and Lovely Green Eyes (2004).
Selected books
Night and Hope (1957)
Diamonds of the Night (1958) – contains the short story "Darkness Casts No Shadow", which was adapted into the film Diamonds of the Night (1964)
Street of Lost Brothers (1959)
Dita Saxová (1962)
Transport from Paradise (1962)
A Prayer for Kateřina Horovitzová (1964)
The Bitter Smell of Almonds (1968)
The Unloved: From the Diary of Perla S. (1979)
Waiting for Leah (1992)
The House of Returned Echoes (1994)
Lovely Green Eyes: A Novel (2000)
Awards
1980: National Jewish Book Award for Dita Saxová
1986: National Jewish Book Award for The Unloved: From the Dairy of Perla S.
See also
Transport from Paradise, a 1962 movie based on Lustig's novel
Diamonds of the Night, a 1964 movie based on Lustig's short story
A Prayer for Katerina Horovitzova, a 1965 movie based on Lustig's novel
Dita Saxová, a 1967 movie based on Lustig's novel
Fighter, a 2000 documentary film about Lustig
References
External links
Watch film about Arnost Lustig "Nine lives" at www.dafilms.com
1926 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Czech Jews
21st-century Czech Jews
Czech male writers
Jewish Czech writers
Theresienstadt Ghetto survivors
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Czech expatriates in the United States
Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)
Deaths from cancer in the Czech Republic
Deaths from Hodgkin lymphoma
International Writing Program alumni
Charles University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno%C5%A1t%20Lustig |
Tugulusaurus (meaning "Tugulu lizard") is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur that belongs to the Alvarezsauroidea. It is known from the Early Cretaceous Tugulu Group in the Urhe area of the People's Republic of China. It was one of the first members of Alvarezsauria ever discovered.
Discovery
From 1964 dinosaur fossils were excavated in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang. In 1973 a number of these were described by paleontologist Dong Zhiming, among them the bones of a small theropod which he named Tugulusaurus faciles. The generic name refers to the Tugulu Group. The specific name is derived from Latin facilis, here with the meaning of "easily moving", referring to the agility of the animal as indicated by its "delicate bones".
The holotype, IVPP V4025, was found in layers of the Lianmuqin Formation dating from the Barremian–Albian. It consists of a partial skeleton including four partial tail vertebrae, much of the left leg and part of the right, the first fingers of both hands, and a rib. The femur has a length of about . The left first metacarpal is very short: . The skeleton represents the only remains of the species that have ever been discovered.
Classification
Tugulusaurus was originally classified by Dong in 1973 as a member of the Ornithomimidae, within the Coelurosauria. In the years that followed, the genus was often considered a nomen dubium. However, in 2005 Oliver Rauhut and Xu Xing concluded that it is a valid genus of basal coelurosaurian of unknown affinities. In their cladistic analysis of the newly described taxa Bannykus and Xiyunykus, Xu et al. (2018) recovered Tugulusaurus as a member of Alvarezsauria.
References
Alvarezsaurs
Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Taxa named by Dong Zhiming
Fossil taxa described in 1973
Paleontology in Xinjiang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugulusaurus |
Tsintaosaurus (; meaning "Qingdao lizard", after the old transliteration "Tsingtao") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from China. It was about long and weighed . The type species is Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus, first described by Chinese paleontologist C. C. Young in 1958.
As a hadrosaur, Tsintaosaurus had the characteristic 'duck bill' snout and a battery of powerful teeth which it used to chew vegetation. It usually walked on all fours, but could rear up on its hind legs to scout for predators and flee when it spotted one. Like other hadrosaurs, Tsintaosaurus probably lived and traveled in herds.
Discovery and naming
In 1950, at Hsikou, near Chingkangkou, in Laiyang, Shandong, in the eastern part of China, various remains of large hadrosaurids were uncovered. In 1958 these were described by Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian ("C.C. Young") as the type species Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus. The generic name is derived from the city of Qingdao, earlier often transliterated as "Tsintao". The specific name means "with a nose spine", from Latin spina, and Greek ῥίς, rhis, "nose", in reference to the distinctive crest on the snout.
The holotype, IVPP AS V725, was discovered in a layer of the Jingangkou Formation, part of the Wangshi Group dating from the Campanian. It consists of a partial skeleton with skull. The paratype is specimen IVPP V818, a skull roof. In the same area some additional partial skeletons and a large number of disarticulated skeletal elements were found. Some of these were by Yang referred to Tsintaosaurus, others were named as a Tanius chingkankouensis Yang 1958; also a Tanius laiyangensis Zhen 1976 exists. The latter two species are today either considered junior synonyms or nomina dubia. Later researchers would refer a larger part of the material to Tsintaosaurus.
Description
Crest
Tsintaosaurus was originally reconstructed with a unicorn-like crest on its skull. The crest, as preserved, consists of an about forty centimetres long process, protruding almost vertically from the top of the rear snout. The structure is hollow and seems to have a forked upper end. Comparable structures with related species are unknown: they possess more lobe-like crests. In 1990, David B. Weishampel and Jack Horner cast doubt on the presence of the crest, suggesting that it was actually a broken nasal bone from the top of the snout distorted upward by a crushing of the fossil. Their study further suggested that, without the distinctive crest to distinguish it, Tsintaosaurus was actually a synonym of the similar but crestless hadrosaur Tanius. However, in 1993 Éric Buffetaut e.a., after a renewed investigation of the bones themselves, concluded that the crest was neither distorted nor an artefact of restoration; besides, a second specimen with an upright crest part had since been discovered, indicating that the crest was indeed real and Tsintaosaurus is likely a distinct genus.
A new reconstruction in 2013, by Albert Prieto-Márquez and Jonathan Wagner and based on the identification of specimen IVPP V829, a praemaxilla, as a Tsintaosaurus element, came to the conclusion that the unicorn-like bone was just the rear part of a larger cranial crest that started from the tip of the snout. The front of the crest would have been formed by ascending processes of the praemaxillae. These had expanded rhomboid contact facets with the expanded upper parts of the crest processes of the nasal bones, forming the rear of the crest. The rear base of the crest was covered by outgrowths of the prefrontals. The fused nasal bones would have formed a hollow tubular structure. The height of the crest would have exceeded that of the rear skull, measured along the quadrates. Though largely vertical, the crest is directed slightly to the rear; the forward inclination of the holotype crest would be the result of a distortion of the fossil.
The new reconstruction by Prieto-Márquez and Wagner also led to a new hypothesis about the internal air passages of the crest. Yang had assumed that the tubular hollowing in the preserved part of the holotype would have served as the main intake of air. This was rejected by Prieto-Márquez and Wagner who pointed out that the tube was closed at its lower end and that with lambeosaurines in general the air passages are located in a more forward position, the bony nostrils being completely enclosed by the praemaxillae. They assumed that Tsintaosaurus would have had a standard lambeosaurine arrangement in the snout, the air, when inhaling, entering the skull through the paired pseudonares, the "fake nostrils" of the praemaxillae behind the upper beak. From there the air would have been transported through paired passages below the median processes of the praemaxillae to the top of the crest, subsequently entering a common median chamber within the lobe. The rear of the chamber was formed by the nasal bones and probably homologous to the nasal cavity. The chamber was divided into two smaller cavities, one at the front, the other at the rear, by curved median processes of the praemaxillae, forming hooks around a passage between the cavities. From the rear cavity the air was transported to below, towards the internal skull cavity. Although it is usually assumed that a single passage served for this purpose, Prieto-Márquez and Wagner saw indications in the form of the nasal that there were paired downward passages, to the inside of the lateral processes of the praemaxillae. From this they concluded that the entire airflow was likely separated, the common medium chamber probably being divided into a left and right section by a cartilaginous septum.
The conclusion that the tubular structure in the rear nasal bones was not an air passage, forced Prieto-Márquez and Wagner to find an alternative explanation of its function. They suggested that it would have served to lessen the weight of the crest, such a tube combining relative strength with a low bone mass. Tsintaosaurus would have differed in this from more derived lambeosaurines, which have a front extension of the frontal bone, in the form of a bone sheet, supporting the crest.
Other distinctive traits
Apart from the crest, Prieto-Márquez and Wagner identified several other distinctive traits (autapomorphies) of Tsintaosaurus. The rim of the upper beak is rounded and thick, wider than the transverse width of the front depression around the nostrils. As far as this depression is situated on the praemaxillae, it is at each side divided lengthwise by two ridges obliquely continuing to below and sideways. Internally, the fused nasal bones form a bony block in front of the braincase. The rear of the nasal bone is clipped by front extensions of the frontal bone, the topmost of which is elevated relative to the skull roof. The ascending branches of the praemaxillae have internal processes pointing to behind, below and slightly inside, dividing a shared chamber at the midline. The prefrontal possesses a flange, continuing from the lower part of the lacrimal bone to the lower part of the ascending process of the prefrontal, and connecting to a process on the side of the praemaxilla to form an elevation on the side of the crest base. The side and the underside of the prefrontal show deep vertical grooves. The supratemporal fenestra is, transversely, wider than long.
Classification
Tsintaosaurus may form a clade in Lambeosaurinae with the European genera Pararhabdodon and Koutalisaurus (probable synonym of Pararhabdodon).
The position of Tsintaosaurus in the evolutionary tree according to a 2013 study by Prieto-Márquez e.a. is indicated by this cladogram:
Paleoecology
A study of dinosaur eggs in successive layers of the Wangshi Series of Shandong province, of which the Jingangkou Formation is the most recent layer, shows that the region was one of high dinosaur diversity and that the climate had become drier from the preceding Jiangjunding Formation.
See also
Timeline of hadrosaur research
References
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 1958
Lambeosaurines
Taxa named by Yang Zhongjian
Ornithischian genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsintaosaurus |
Jonathan Murray (born October 26, 1955) is an American television producer and co-creator of MTV's The Real World, Road Rules and The Challenge, and the Oxygen Network's Bad Girls Club.
Early life
Murray was born in Gulfport, Mississippi. He grew up in Syracuse, New York, and attended Fayetteville-Manlius High School and is currently in their Hall of Distinction. He attended State University of New York at Geneseo for two years before receiving his bachelor's degree in journalism from the Missouri School of Journalism at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri, in 1977.
Career
In 1987, Murray founded Bunim-Murray with partner Mary-Ellis Bunim. Agent Mark Itkin of the William Morris Agency put the two together to develop a scripted soap opera for MTV. When that was too expensive, they decided to try an unscripted soap and The Real World was born. "We knew within 20 minutes of shooting that we had a show," Bunim said.
Murray and Bunim's company, Bunim/Murray Productions, spearheaded the reality television genre. Among the numerous other reality programs that Murray and Bunim co-created over the years were Road Rules, Love Cruise, Making the Band, The Challenge, the reality feature film The Real Cancun, the real-life daily syndicated Starting Over, as well as Fox's The Simple Life. Bunim/Murray Productions are also executive producers on Project Runway for Lifetime and for Total Divas, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami, Kourtney and Kim Take New York, and Khloe and Lamar, all on E!.
Murray and Bunim were inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2012.
Personal life
Murray is openly gay and has been together with his partner, Harvey Reese, since 1992. They adopted a son. Jonathan Murray's son Dyllan Murray is a current teen pop singer. Dyllan has recorded songs with major artists such as Meghan Trainor, Tyga, and Jack & Jack.
Murray's niece, Hailey Murray, appeared on the daytime reality series, Starting Over'', another show he helped create, during the show's first season, with her mother, Lynnell.
References
External links
Official website of Bunim/Murray Productions
1955 births
Living people
Television producers from New York (state)
LGBT people from New York (state)
Fayetteville-Manlius High School alumni
American reality television producers
Missouri School of Journalism alumni
State University of New York at Geneseo alumni
LGBT producers
Businesspeople from Syracuse, New York
People from Gulfport, Mississippi
LGBT people from Mississippi
People from Manlius, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Murray |
Ahmed Rami (; born 12 December 1946) is a Moroccan-Swedish writer, political activist, coup d'etat participant, military officer and Holocaust denier. He gained attention as the founder of the radio station Radio Islam, which now functions as a website.
Biography
Rami was born in Tafraout, Morocco, the son of a Berber sheikh. While attending the école normale supérieure in Casablanca, Rami joined the National Union of Popular Forces. After graduating in June 1963, Rami taught history, geography, French and Arabic at secondary schools in Casablanca. In autumn 1965, Rami enrolled in the Royal Military Academy in Meknes with the intention — as an officer — of becoming more effective in his opposition to the regime. Following the arrest and disappearance of Mehdi Ben Barka, Rami became resolved "to enter the system in order to destroy it." Rami became a tank lieutenant in the Royal Moroccan Army and claims to have had close ties with general Mohamed Oufkir. Convinced that the King of Morocco Hassan II was a puppet of Jews and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Rami participated in the 1972 Moroccan coup attempt. He sought and obtained political asylum in Sweden in 1973.
In 1987, Rami began using a public access Swedish radio station to broadcast Radio Islam, ostensibly a public relations program for Sweden's Muslims. The content of the shows, however, focused on Jews, and the station was accused of being a vehicle for antisemitism. In 1989, "Rami was charged by the Swedish Chancellor of Justice with hate speech (hets mot folkgrupp)." The charge was based in particular on programs aired on Radio Islam but also on passages of his book Vad är Israel? ("What is Israel?"). Rami was sentenced to six months imprisonment in 1990, and Radio Islam's transmission permit was revoked for a year. The station resumed broadcasting in 1991 under the direction of David Janzon; however, in 1993, Janzon was convicted of the same crime. In March 1992, Robert Faurisson visited Sweden at the invitation of Rami and was interviewed in two Radio Islam broadcasts. Rami was a featured speaker at the annual conference of the Institute for Historical Review, an organization which promotes Holocaust denial, in 1992. Radio Islam was off the air from 1993 to 1995, but the program returned in 1996 under Rami's direction, the same year that he established the Radio Islam website.
In October 2000, Rami was again convicted and fined by a Swedish court. Rami has been investigated for hate crimes in France and Sweden for his role in maintaining the Radio Islam website. The latest investigation ended in 2004 when the Swedish prosecutor was unable to prove that Rami was responsible for the content. According to Rami a "group of youngsters" was in charge of the website. He did not provide any names. On 25 November 2006, Rami was a guest lecturer at a convention of the Swedish National Socialist Front and the group distributed his books on their website. Rami also distributed NSF's own pamphlets and books.
Bibliography
Vad är Israel? ("What is Israel?") (1988)
Ett liv för frihet ("A life for freedom") (1989), autobiography
Israels makt i Sverige ("Israel's power in Sweden") (1989)
Judisk häxprocess i Sverige ("Jewish witch hunt in Sweden") (1990)
Tabubelagda tankar ("Tabooed thoughts") (2005)
References
External links
Ahmed Rami´s personal homepage, and own publishing company Kultur Förlag
Radio Islam´s website
Radio Islam different website
Holocaust Denial— Ahmed Rami, from Poisoning the Web: Hatred Online by the Anti-Defamation League
1946 births
Swedish Holocaust deniers
Living people
Berber writers
Moroccan emigrants to Sweden
People convicted of hate crimes
People from Tafraout
Moroccan Army officers
Moroccan exiles
Berber Moroccans
20th-century Moroccan people
21st-century Moroccan people
21st-century Moroccan writers
21st-century Swedish writers
National Union of Popular Forces politicians
Moroccan military officers
Swedish Muslims
Swedish people of Moroccan-Berber descent
Shilha people
Antisemitism in Sweden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Rami%20%28writer%29 |
Tirlough Brassileagh O'Neill (Irish: Toirrdhealbhach Brassileagh Ó Néill) was the son of Phelim Caoch O'Neill, a prince of the Cenél nEógain.
A grandson of Conn O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone, then king and later earl of Tyrone, he was fostered by the McCann clan in the area to the south of Lough Neagh known as Clan Brassill area.
When Tirlough's father died in 1542, he and his family were quickly pushed aside by the internal politics of O'Neill dominated Ulster. As a grandson of Conn Bacach, he would eventually be able to attempt a try at the chiefship of all the O'Neills, and thus was seen as a threat by his uncles Shane O'Neill and Mathew Kelly (Ferdocha), baron of Dungannon.
In spite of his uncles warfare and attempts to push him out, Tirlough eventually outlived both uncles and grew to some importance in the turmoil of the later 16th century. Tirlough stood for election as The O'Neill in 1583 when it was thought that Turlough Luineach O'Neill, the reigning O'Neill, had died, and led sizeable groups of fighting men in 1575 and throughout the 1590s during the Nine Years' War. He is listed as having the ability to raise "50 Horse and 200 foot" soldiers out of his territories at 24 hours' notice to fight.
Tirlough again made a bid for the lordship in the 1590s, but his cousin, Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Earl of Tyrone, bought him off with a gift of territory. In 1595 the English make reference to Tirlough as being part of the leadership in Ulster, but too old to worry about, and he died sometime after.
Tirlough was married to an Anabla O'Reilly. They had children: Conn and Hugh McShane O'Neill. These sons were fought in the Nine Years' War raiding neighboring clans, and in the 1608 Rebellion.
Sources
Annals of the Four Masters
Pardon Rolls of King James I
State Papers of Ireland
Irish lords
O'Neill dynasty
People from County Tyrone
16th-century Irish people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirlough%20Brassileagh%20O%27Neill |
Jackson Davies (born 17 March 1950) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as RCMP Constable John Constable in the television series The Beachcombers, which he reprised in the TV movies The New Beachcombers (2002) and A Beachcombers Christmas (2004).
Career
Originally from Wetaskiwin, Alberta and now living in Vancouver, British Columbia, he has acted in over 160 stage shows in most of the major theatres in Canada. He has appeared in over 300 TV shows and been in 30 TV movies and feature films.
Jackson is the vice president of the Union of BC Performers / ACTRA, the past vice chair of the BC Arts Council and a faculty member in both the Performing Arts and Motion Picture Arts programs at Capilano University. He is an Honorary Sergeant of the RCMP, a rarely bestowed designation.
Davies, and Marc Strange, one of the original producers of The Beachcombers, published Bruno and the Beach: The Beachcombers at 40 in 2013. The book is a history of the show and a profile of key members of the cast and crew.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Jackson Davies faculty profile – Capilano University
1950 births
Male actors from Vancouver
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Living people
People from Wetaskiwin
Male actors from Alberta
Academic staff of Capilano University
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20Davies |
Tanius (meaning "of Tan") is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur. It lived in the Late Cretaceous of China. The type species, named and described in 1929 by Carl Wiman, is Tanius sinensis. The generic name honours the Chinese paleontologist Tan Xichou ("H.C. Tan"). The specific epithet refers to China. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the length of Tanius at and its weight at .
Discovery and species
Tan, in April 1923, discovered the remains in the east of Shandong at the village of Ch'ing-kang-kou, ten kilometres southeast of Lai Yang. In October of the same year they were excavated by Tan's associate, the Austrian paleontologist Otto Zdansky. Although the specimen was originally rather complete, only parts could be salvaged. The holotype, PMU R.240, was recovered from the Jiangjunding Formation of the Wangshi Series dating from the Campanian. It consists of the back of the skull, which was flat and elongated.
Other species originally assigned to Tanius have been moved to other genera. These include: Tanius prynadai named in 1939 by Anatoly Nikolaevich Ryabinin, which was assigned to Bactrosaurus; and Tanius chingkankouensis named in 1958 by Yang Zhongjian, and Tanius laiyangensis named in 1976 by Zhen Shuonan, which were both later considered junior subjective synonyms of Tsintaosaurus. However, a more recent study, Zhang et al. (2017) determined that T. sinensis and T. chingkankouensis were valid species of Tanius, and that T. laiyangensis was probably not valid. Zhang et al. (2019) re-assessed "Tanius" laiyangensis as a member of the saurolophine clade Kritosaurini, the first of the clade from Asia.
Paleoecology
The type species Tanius sinensis was found in the Jiangjunding Formation of the Chinese Wangshi Group. The Jiangjunding formation consists purpley-grey or reddy-brown sandstones or various consistencies, siltstones and conglomerates. The Wangshi group of geologic formations is generally considered to be from the Late Cretaceous, although some regions are older. Based on the discovery of Pinacosaurus, only known elsewhere in the Djadokhta Formation or regions of the same age, the Wangshi Group was presumed to be a similar age of 75-71 million years old. The specific age for the Hongtuya Formation has been identified as 73.5-72.9 mya. As the Hongtuya is directly older than the Jiangjunding, it was identified that Tanius sinensis lived in the latest Campanian to earliest Maastrichtian by Borinder in 2015.
The Jiangjunding Formation was deposited in a fluvial to lacustrine environment. The climate was warm and humid during the majority of the timespan, although it was beginning to dry out after the Jiangjunding. Taxa that lived alongside Tanius in the formation include the ankylosaur Pinacosaurus cf. grangeri; possibly the cerapodan Micropachycephalosaurus; intermediate sauropods; intermediate coelurosaurs; and intermediate cheloniids which show similarities to Nanhsiungchelyidae. Multiple localities of dinosaur eggs have also been identified.
Both T. chingkankouensis and T. laiyangensis were discovered in the Jingangkou Formation, which is directly above the Jiangjunding. This formation has been the site of massive excavations of hadrosaurs in both the 1950s and the 2010s. A majority of the strata is green-grey mudstone, where the bones excavated are coloured black. The sediment in the location of the hadrosaur excavations was deposited by a mudflow event, where the carcasses were trapped and moved a short distance before rapid burial. At least 20 individuals of hadrosaurs have been uncovered, of various ages. Hadrosaurs from these localities include Tanius, Tsintaosaurus, Laiyangosaurus and Shantungosaurus. Other taxa uncovered include the theropods Chingkankousaurus and cf. Szechuanosaurus campi, and the testudine Glyptops.
See also
Timeline of hadrosaur research
References
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Hadrosaurs
Fossil taxa described in 1929
Taxa named by Carl Wiman
Ornithischian genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanius |
Geike Arnaert (; born 13 September 1979) is a Belgian singer, best known for being the lead vocalist of the band Hooverphonic from 1997 until 2008 and again since 2020. Geike was born in Poperinge and grew up in Westouter, a town that is close to the French border. From a young age she was captivated by music and therefore she decided to audition for the Belgian band Hooverphonic, the group of guitarist Raymond Geerts and Alex Callier.
Although Hooverphonic had been performing since the mid-90s, it wasn't until 2000 before they scored a hit in the Flemish Ultratop 50. With "Mad About You" the group spent 14 weeks in the charts, peaking at number 23. The Magnificent Tree, the album which contained "Mad About You", became an even bigger success in Belgium.
Hooverphonic
According to Alex Callier, when Hooverphonic was looking for a new lead singer, he asked Arnaert, "It is almost the school break, in September you’ll be 18 years old, do you want to be our singer?". She immediately said: "Yes, that’s OK!".
After more than 10 years in the band, on 10 October 2008, Arnaert announced she would leave Hooverphonic by the end of the year to pursue her solo career. Arnaert's last concert with Hooverphonic was on 13 December of that year, in Tele-Club, Yekaterinburg, Russia. The reason to leave, as she stated in the press, was "simple and without (band) troubles. I wish other musical and artistic projects and I want to concentrate on my own music career". Three years later, however, in a comeback interview for her new solo album, she commented on her departure: "There were several reasons. As I grew older and wiser, I developed my own character and my own artistic ideas. I tried to bring that out but there were the others (Alex Callier and Raymond Geerts) who were not open to it. The roles were fixed, and mine was singing and staying silent and beautiful. I own ideas, and ten years seems long enough to go into the trip of someone else. Moreover, it was confrontational to note that men with whom I had to work and that I saw as a kind of brothers, saw me as something else. Even outside the band, I remember Mushroom of Massive Attack insisted that I contacted him. But when it turned out that I had a boyfriend, it was suddenly no longer needed. Let me also say that the humor on the tour bus was not always sophisticated and sometimes just disrespectful. Men do not understand that you are a woman sometimes feeling lonely or targeted".
In February 2016, 7 years after her last performance with the band, Arnaert performed "Mad About You" together with Hooverphonic, for a special event of Radio2 in Belgium. According to Callier, that was a "once-off" cooperation.
In November 2020, Hooverphonic announced that Arnaert would return to the band, also parting company with former lead vocalist Luka Cruysberghs. As a result, she represented Belgium, along with the rest of the band, in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021.
Outside Hooverphonic
In 2010 Arnaert was brought together with Spinvis to work on the soundtrack of Breath (original title: Adem), a Belgian film about young people who suffer from mucovisidosis. Having written more material than needed for the film, they released a record, calling themselves Dorleac for the project.
In 2011 Arnaert released her first solo album, For The Beauty of Confusion.
Arnaert recorded the historical French song "Le temps des cerises" with the legendary singer-songwriter and entertainer Bobbejaan Schoepen for his 2008 album Bobbejaan, his first album in 35 years. A music video for the song was also released.
Arnaert has also sung as a guest vocalist for various artists such as Ozark Henry, Flip Kowlier and Tom Helsen. She contributed vocals to "Mijn Leven" ("My Life"), the final single by Belgian rapper Vijvenveertig (Andy Sierens). The song was recorded two weeks before Sierens died of cancer.
She has two sisters: Anne Arnaert and Kaat Arnaert, who has been a featured singer with the Belgian bands Sutrastore and Tommigun.
Discography
as Geike
Albums
Singles
Featured appearances
with Hooverphonic
with Spinvis (as Dorléac)
Studio albums
2010 — Dorléac
Singles
2010 — "Tommy and the Whale"
Featured discography
"Zoutelande" — BLØF & Geike Arneart (2017)
"Le temps des cerises" — Bobbejaan Schoepen & Geike Arnaert (2008)
"Home" — Tom Helsen feat. Geike Arnaert (2008)
"Bjistje In Min Uoft" — Flip Kowlier feat. Geike Arnaert (2004)
"The Wild Rose" — Sioen & Geike Arnaert (live duet)
"Close watch" — Live Duet with Daan
"Mijn Leven" — Vijvenveertig feat. Geike Arnaert (2009)
"Strange Lit Star" — Ozark Henry feat. Geike Arnaert (2002)
References
External links
Mijn Leven — Andy Sierens feat. Geike
1979 births
Living people
People from West Flanders
English-language singers from Belgium
21st-century Belgian women singers
21st-century Belgian singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geike%20Arnaert |
Overbrook is an urban neighbourhood situated in Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward, in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located across the Rideau River from the neighbourhood of Sandy Hill and is just to the south of Vanier. To the east of Overbrook is the former City of Gloucester. It was constituted as a police village in 1922 and was annexed by the City of Ottawa in 1950.
Overbrook covers an area of 3.04 square kilometres and has a population density of 3,174 people per square kilometre (2011 Census). Overbrook's main street is Queen Mary Street, which runs from North River Road to St. Laurent Boulevard. Although predominantly a residential neighbourhood at Overbrook's south end is Coventry Road where commercial and office buildings are found along with a major shopping centre (St. Laurent Centre) at the intersection with St. Laurent Boulevard.
The neighborhood of Overbrook is bounded on the north by the former City of Vanier, on the west by the Rideau River, on the south by provincial Highway 417 (the Queensway) and on the east by St. Laurent Boulevard. The eastern part of the community overlaps with the Castle Heights neighbourhood.
The neighbourhood was in the fifth of 5 socio-economic levels, with 1 representing the most advantaged neighbourhood and 5 the least advantaged neighbourhood. A minority (36%) of the residents owned their homes, while 64% rented. Housing is unaffordable for many residents in West Overbrook; 32% spend more than 30% of their income on shelter. Eight percent of the dwellings were reported to be in need of major repairs (higher than city average). The number of persons per room (0.46), a measure of crowding, was also higher than the city average.
In 2005, the property crime rate of 66.4 per thousand people was higher than the city average of 57 per thousand people. Personal crime rates were also higher than the city average of 24 per thousand people, at 52.8 per thousand people. 2016 Census of Canada data indicate that knowledge of official languages has 47% of the population speaking English only and 47% speaking both English and French and the remaining 6% French only or neither English or French.
Overbrook is relatively close to downtown Ottawa and is seeing increased residential infill redevelopment. This is being aided by recent transportation connectivity improvements such as the 2015 opening of the Adàwe Crossing (pedestrian and cyclist bridge across the Rideau River) and the ability to use the Max Keeping Bridge (pedestrian and cyclist bridge over Highway 417) to access both Via Rail Ottawa station and the newer Tremblay station, which opened in 2019 on the O-Train Confederation Line.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census, the community has a population of 9,650.
Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion, observed by 5,685 residents. Immigration, especially from Lebanon, has caused a continuing increase in residents with Muslim backgrounds; it is the second largest faith, encompassing 1,135 followers.
See also
List of Ottawa neighbourhoods
Neighbourhoods in Ottawa
Black Canadian settlements
Black Canadian culture in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbrook%2C%20Ottawa |
Trimucrodon is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of Portugal. The type, and currently only, species is T. cuneatus.
Discovery and naming
Three isolated teeth found at the Porto Dinheiro (or Pinhiero) locality in the Lisboa District of Portugal were given the name in 1973 by Richard A. Thulborn, derived from the Latin words for "three" and a dagger point, and , and the Ancient Greek word for "tooth". The only species in the taxon is Trimucrodon cuneatus, taken from the wedge shape of the teeth. Though the unit the specimens came from was originally unnamed, it was referred to the Alcobaça, and then Lourinhã Formations, specifically the late Kimmeridgian Amoreira–Porto Novo Member. The type specimen, uncovered between 1962 and 1967 by German zoologist and paleontologist Georg Krusat, is distinguished by prominent denticles at the front and rear ends of the crown, and comes from an individual under long. It is currently kept in the collections of the Museu Geológico do Instituto Geológico e Mineiro in Lisbon, Portugal, formerly having been kept in the collections of the Free University of Berlin.
Description
The holotype tooth of Trimucrodon is wide, similar to some of the referred specimens, with the crown about as tall as wide. Other specimens have crowns as small as wide and only half as tall as wide. The crowns are of varying amounts of asymmetry, though each edge bears the same number of tapering denticles. Tooth enamel is present of an equal thickness on both sides of the tooth crown, and both faces are smooth without ridges. The denticles increase in size away from the apex of the crown, ending with two widely divergent and sharply-pointed denticles at the front and rear ends of the base.
Classification
Trimucrodon was originally referred to as a member of the ornithopod family Fabrosauridae by Thulborn in 1973, closest to Echinodon but also related to Alocodon and Fabrosaurus. Peter M. Galton retained it in the family in 1978, though he noted that there were significant differences between Trimucrodon and Echinodon, and the Middle to Late Jurassic fabrosaurids Alocodon, Trimucrodon and Echinodon were representative of three independent and only distantly related branches of the family, with Nanosaurus not preserving enough material to determine its relationships. Given that the species was only represented by teeth, Trimucrodon was designated as a nomen dubium in 1990 by David B. Weishampel and Lawrence M. Witmer, as an indeterminate member of Ornithischia outside Ornithopoda. While a basal ornithischian position outside Ornithopoda was retained by Paul Sereno in 1991, it was considered a possibly valid taxon based on its prominent anterior and posteriormost denticles. Galton revised his classification of the taxon in 1994, considering it only referrable to Ornithopoda, and not closely related to Echinodon. Trimucrodon was then compared favourable by Galton in 1996 to the also Portuguese taxon Taveirosaurus, previously considered a pachycephalosaur. With the later reclassifications of Taveirosaurus as more similar to nodosaurids, Trimucrodon was identified by José Ruiz-Omeñaca in 1999 to either be a member of Heterodontosauridae alongside Echinodon, or a member of Nodosauridae related to Taveirosaurus. While the identity as a possible heterodontosaurid was upheld by Ruiz-Omeñaca and José Canudo in 2004, in the same year Weishampel, Witmer and colleague David B. Norman followed their 1990 opinion on Trimucrodon, placing it as a dubious ornithischian, though they noted that further study could potentially support the validity of the taxon.
Paleoecology
Trimucrodon was found at the top of a cliff south of Porto Dinheiro, in the lower beds of the Lournihã Formation alongside a tooth referred to the ornithischian Hypsilophodon, teeth from rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, the crocodylomorphs Lusitanisuchus and Goniopholis, the choristoderan Cteniogenys, the lizard Saurillus, and over 800 teeth of various groups of mammals. Other deposits from the Amoreira–Porto Novo Member at Porto Dinheiro have contained material from the sauropods Zby and Dinheirosaurus, the theropods Lourinhanosaurus, Torvosaurus and Ceratosaurus, ornithischian remains from the stegosaur Miragaia and an intermediate member of Iguanodontia, a possible pleurosternid turtle, and scales from the fish Lepidotes.
References
Ornithischian genera
Kimmeridgian life
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Europe
Jurassic Portugal
Fossils of Portugal
Fossil taxa described in 1975
Nomina dubia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimucrodon |
Kay Burns is a multidisciplinary artist based in Fogo Island, Newfoundland.
Burns' work includes: performance art, locative media, audio, video, photography, sculpture, and installation. Her practice engages in site-specific responses to locations through a reinterpretation of local mythologies, histories, and the eccentricities of people who inhabit those places. Her work melds fact and fiction through alternative constructions of place and event, indirectly commenting on the authority associated with the dissemination of information.
A significant part of Burns’ practice has been the reinstatement of the defunct Flat Earth Society of Canada through her performance persona, Iris Taylor, entailing presentations of an evolving 'recruitment lecture' and the ongoing development of flat earth artifacts. Her performance work also includes guided ‘historical’ walks as Iris Taylor, and an extended walking practice through her involvement as a founding member of the Ministry of Walking collective. Her work has been presented internationally in Reykjavik, Amsterdam, Belfast, New York City, and Los Angeles; and across Canada from Dawson City to St. John's.
Burns previously held the post of curator at the Muttart Public Art Gallery in Calgary, and taught in the University of Calgary Fine Arts Department and the Alberta College of Art and Design Media Art Department prior to her move to Newfoundland. Burns continues to undertake freelance writing and curatorial projects, as well as mentorship and visiting teaching roles for various organizations and institutions.
External links
Iris Taylor Official Site
The Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art Profile of Kay Burns
Canadian multimedia artists
Canadian installation artists
Canadian women artists
Artists from Alberta
Artists from Newfoundland and Labrador
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kay%20Burns |
Kikyō may refer to:
Platycodon, species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant native to East Asia
Kikyō Station, JR railway station in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
Works
Kikyō (novel), 1948 Japanese novel by Jirō Osaragi
(帰郷), 1950 Japanese film for which Shin Saburi won the Mainichi Film Award for Best Actor
"Kikyō", 1992 chapter of manga series Master Keaton
"Kikyō" or "The Return", 2003 chapter of manga series Naruto
"Kikyō", 2005 episode of anime series Shuffle!
"Kikyō" or "Back to the City", 2008 chapter of manga series Boys on the Run
"Kikyō" or "Homecoming", 2008 episode of anime series D.Gray-man
"Kikyō", 2008 episode of Marvel Anime
"Kikyō" or "Homecoming", 2014 chapter of manga series Vinland Saga
Fictional characters
Kikyo, recurring character in manga and anime series Inuyasha
Kikyō Yoshikawa, character in light novel series A Certain Magical Index
Kikyo Zoldyck, character in manga series Hunter × Hunter
Kikyō, real name of Gengan in anime series Koihime Musō
See also
Kikyō-mon, gate in Edo Castle, Tokyo
Article about the 1950 film on Japanese Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiky%C5%8D |
Tornieria ("for Tornier") is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic in Lindi Region of Tanzania. It has a convoluted taxonomic history.
Discovery and naming
In 1907, German paleontologist Eberhard Fraas who was working the Tendaguru Beds in German East Africa (presently Tanzania), discovered two sauropod specimens at a single site ("Quarry A"). The two individuals, designated "Skeleton A" and "Skeleton B", each represented a different sauropod species. In 1908 he named these respectively Gigantosaurus africanus ("African giant lizard") and G. robustus ("Robust giant lizard"). A third, unrelated African species, "Gigantosaurus" dixeyi, was named by in 1928, and has since been reassigned to Malawisaurus.
However, the name Gigantosaurus had already been used for the European sauropod Gigantosaurus megalonyx Seeley, 1869. Fraas, not intending to place his species in the same genus as this English form, had believed that the name was available, since at the time the latter species was considered to be a junior synonym of Ornithopsis and Seeley in his opinion had not provided a sufficient description anyway. Another German paleontologist, Richard Sternfeld, renamed the Tanzanian sauropod Tornieria in 1911, making the two species Tornieria africana and T. robusta. The generic name honours the German herpetologist Gustav Tornier.
A re-evaluation of Tornieria in 1922 by Werner Janensch concluded that one species, T. africana, was actually an African species of the North American sauropod genus Barosaurus: Barosaurus africanus. The other African species, T. robusta, later turned out to belong to a titanosaur. The titanosaur species for a time was called Tornieria, but this was incorrect as T. africana had been the type species. It needed a generic name of its own and this was provided in 1991 when Rupert Wild renamed it Janenschia.
If Tornieria were the same genus as Barosaurus, then the name Tornieria would be abandoned as a junior subjective synonym. However, later researchers proposed generic distinction between the American and the African form. In the early 21st century this usage became prevalent and in 2006 Kristian Remes in a review concluded that Tornieria was indeed distinct and a valid genus.
A complication is formed by the fact that Janensch in 1961 recognised a variety of B. africanus: B. africanus var. gracilis, a morph distinguished by more gracile hind limbs. In 1980, Russell et al. promoted this to a full species: Barosaurus gracilis which then would become a Tornieria gracilis under the present usage, a combination already published by George Olshevsky in 1992. However, Remes in 2006 concluded that B. gracilis had been a nomen nudum, neither holotype nor diagnosis having been provided in 1980.
Specimens and description
Elements of the original "Skeleton A" were designated by Fraas as a syntype series: SMNS 12141a, 12145a, 12143, 12140, 12142, all from the postcrania. Later some other bones from the same individual were recovered. Janensch would also refer many other fossils to B. africanus, in total 630 specimens representing at least 56 separate individuals. Of these 188 would be left after the bombardments during the Second World War. Remes, however, concluded that merely a second partial skeleton, "Skeleton k", including also some skull elements, could be reliably referred, and a series of caudal vertebrae. The remains are from the later strata of the Tendaguru, the obere Dinosauriermergel or "Upper Dinosaur Marl", dating from the Tithonian.
Tornieria was a large sauropod, with a maximum known femur length of suggesting an animal around the same size as Barosaurus; and 23 metric tons. It shared elongated neck vertebrae and a rather long forelimb with Barosaurus. However, it differed from the American form by details in the anterior caudal vertebrae and from Barosaurus and Diplodocus both by its plesiomorphic hindlimb proportions with a short lower leg.
Phylogeny
After performing a cladistic analysis, Remes (2006) concluded that Tornieria was the sister taxon of a clade formed by Barosaurus and Diplodocus. It would thus be a member of the Diplodocinae. The following cladogram is based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Whitlock in 2011, showing the relationships of Tornieria among the other genera assigned to the taxon Diplodocidae:
References
Diplodocids
Tendaguru fauna
Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Africa
Fossil taxa described in 1911
Taxa named by Richard Sternfeld | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornieria |
Micki Free (born May 20, 1955) is a guitarist and singer of self-identified Native American descent. He won a Grammy Award for his contribution to the Beverly Hills Cop (1984) movie soundtrack and has won two Native American Music Awards. He is the director of Promotions and Special Events for the Seminole Tribe of Florida, owners of Hard Rock International.
Biography
Micki Free, who identifies as a "mixed-blood" Native American, was born in West Texas and moved to Germany soon afterward. He claims Irish, Comanche, and Cherokee descent. His stepfather, a U.S. Army sergeant, was stationed in Germany, and Free was introduced to rock 'n' roll there as a child, when one of his five sisters received tickets to a Jimi Hendrix concert and took him along to the show. "It just blew my mind", Free remembered.
His family later moved to Illinois, where Free joined the rock band Smokehouse. When he was 17, he was discovered by Gene Simmons of KISS, during a concert at which Smokehouse was the opening act for KISS, Ted Nugent, and REO Speedwagon. After Simmons' encouragement, Free joined Shalamar in 1984, just in time for the band's big successes, including a #17 position in U.S. Top 20 in 1984 with "Dancing In The Sheets" from the Footloose soundtrack, and a Grammy for "Don't Get Stopped In Beverly Hills" from the Beverly Hills Cop (1984) soundtrack in 1985. With Shalamar, he was nominated for a Grammy three times.
After Shalamar, Free and Jean Beauvoir (of The Plasmatics) founded an AOR band, Crown of Thorns. Free later founded, The Micki Free Electric Blues Experience, with Jon Brant (formerly of Cheap Trick) on bass, and Curly Smith (formerly of Boston) on drums. Recognition for his musical career after Shalamar came from the Native American Music Awards, where he won in the categories of Male Artist in 2002 and Pop Rock artist in 2004. Micki has won to, date 5-Native American Music Awards and was recently inducted into The Native American Music Awards Hall of Fame in 2022.
Micki Free has recorded with Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top and the DVD/CD/EP release Micki Free Live in Hyde Park featured Bill Wyman, formerly of The Rolling Stones. In 2002, he was cast to play Tonto in a new production of The Lone Ranger.
Native Music Rocks is a music program created by Micki Free, designed to give Native American musicians an opportunity to tour alongside Micki and his band, American Horse Trio. The band features Cindy Blackman-Santana, former drummer for Lenny Kravitz, and David Santos on bass. Free was Director of the Native Music Rocks program and went on to create the first Native American Record company, Native Music Rocks Records, distributed by Fontana/Universal Music. He was a recording artist on the label as well as Chief Creative officer/VP. The event was sponsored by Hard Rock International and the Seminole Tribe of Florida.
Free was invited to appear as part of an all-star cast of Native American musicians, known as Native Rocks, at the American Indian Inaugural Ball in Arlington, Virginia, on the occasion of president Barack Obama's inauguration. He performed with Native Rocks at a related event at the Hard Rock Cafe prior to performing at the Inaugural Ball.
Micki's lates album to date is entittled; "Micki Free Turquoise Blue", featuring members of Santana, with special guests; Steve Stevens of Billy Idol, and Gary Clark Jr. Mickis release "Tattoo Burn (2012), is a blues-rock style album written, produced, arranged, and performed by Free.
Parody
Free's manner of dress and appearance during the early 1980s (and that of Prince) was parodied in the Chappelle's Show sketch Charlie Murphy's True Hollywood Stories'': "Prince - Uncensored" (February 18, 2004). The sketch is a retelling by Charlie Murphy about meeting Prince (played by Dave Chappelle) and engaging in a basketball game, with Prince and the Revolution still wearing their flashy clothes, dominating Murphy and his friends and later serving them pancakes. In a 2016 interview, Free clarified that the events depicted in the sketch were "totally accurate" and that Prince played "like Michael Jordan".
References
External links
Micki Free Official Site
Micki Free Interview at NAMM Oral History Collection (2011)
1955 births
Living people
African-American musicians
People from Quincy, Illinois
Grammy Award winners
Shalamar members
American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent
American people who self-identify as being of Comanche descent
American people of Irish descent
American expatriates in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micki%20Free |
Leaf International BV was a confectionery company founded in the 1940s. Leaf had sales of approximately €527m (2010) and 2,400 employees. It had 11 factories in seven countries. Leaf was owned by CVC Capital Partners, Nordic Capital, and management. Bengt Baron was the CEO of Leaf.
After several mergers and acquisitions Leaf merged with the Swedish confectionery company Cloetta, and dropped the Leaf name.
Leaf was also notable for its trading cards, more specifically the baseball cards sets, with the first of them released in 1948.
History
The company was founded by Sol S. Leaf in Chicago, Illinois, in the 1940s. Its history includes a number of mergers, acquisitions, and divisions, as well as several name changes.
In 1940, the Leaf Confectionery Company introduced Rain-Blo Bubble Gum. In 1947, the Overland Candy Company (makers of Whoppers brand malted milk candy) merged with the Chicago Biscuit Company, Leaf Confectionary Company, and Leaf Machinery to form Leaf Brands. In 1948, Leaf issued its first set of baseball cards, the first post-World War II color set. In 1949, Leaf Brands reintroduced Whoppers' Malted Milk Balls.
In the 1960s, Whoppers Malted Milk Balls brand and other products manufactured by Leaf Brands were purchased by W. R. Grace and Company, which sold them back in 1976.
In 1983, Leaf acquired Jolly Rancher. Also in 1983, the Leaf Candy Company in Illinois was purchased by Huhtamäki Oyj of Helsinki, Finland, who merged it with Phoenix Candy (the maker of Now and Later) and another candy company it had acquired, all under the Leaf name. Huhtamäki Oyj acquired the Donruss trading card division of General Mills at about the same time and merged it into Leaf.
In 1986, Leaf purchased some confectionery brands from Beatrice Foods, maker of Milk Duds. Also in 1986, Leaf, Inc. sold Phoenix Candy to Kouri Capital, a Finnish investment firm, changing its name to Phoenix Confections.
In 1988, Hollywood Brands, maker of Payday and Zero, was purchased from Sara Lee by Huhtamäki Oyj and became part of Leaf, Inc. In 1989, the Heath bar was purchased by Leaf.
In the 1990s, Leaf became one of the world's top-ten confectionery companies; it was especially strong in non-chocolate products such as pastilles and chewing gum. By 1993 Leaf was the fourth largest candy producer in North America.
In 1996, the Hershey Foods Corporation acquired the Leaf North American confectionery operations from Huhtamäki Oyj. Over the next few years, Leaf manufacturing and sales became integrated into existing Hershey manufacturing and sales operations, effectively ending Leaf's existence as a separate operating unit in the US.
In 1999, Leaf's European and Asian business, with brands such as Läkerol, Jenkki, and Sportlife, was sold to the Dutch company CSM, which added the brands to their confectionery unit, which already included Malaco, Red Band, and Venco. In 2000, CSM acquired Continental Sweets with market positions in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the UK. In 2001, CSM acquired Socalbe, based in Italy, along with brands such as Dietorelle and Dietor.
In 2005, CSM sold its confectionery unit to two private equity firms, CVC Capital Partners and Nordic Capital, that restored the Leaf name and continue to own the company today. In 2007, Leaf acquired Cadbury Italy, including the brand Saila. The company acquired Leaf Holland B.V in May 2010. In February 2012 Leaf's merger with the Swedish confectionery company Cloetta (that had been announced in December 2011) was completed.
Products
Leaf products included sugared and sugar-free gum, pastilles, candy, liquorices, peppermints, chocolates, nougats, sweeteners and chews.
Brands
At the moment of the merger, Leaf owned the following brands:
Red Band (Netherlands)
Läkerol (Sweden)
Malaco (Sweden)
Saila (Italy)
Sportlife (Netherlands, Belgium)
Jenkki (Finland)
Chewits (United Kingdom)
Xylifresh (Netherlands)
King (Netherlands)
Sisu (Finland)
Dietor (Italy)
Galatine (Italy)
Sperlari (Italy)
Tupla (Finland)
Mynthon (Finland)
Dietorelle (Italy)
Venco (Netherlands)
Ahlgrens bilar (Sweden)
References
External links
(archived, 4 Feb 2011)
Confectionery companies of the United States
Food and drink companies of Sweden
Dutch chocolate companies
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Chicago
Defunct manufacturing companies of Sweden
Multinational companies
Holding companies established in 1947
Food and drink companies established in 1947
Food and drink companies disestablished in 2012
1947 establishments in Illinois
The Hershey Company brands
Baseball cards
Holding companies disestablished in 2012
Swedish companies disestablished in 2012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf%20International |
Kayaköy (also: Kaya) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Fethiye, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 975 (2022). Situated 8 km south of Fethiye, it is mostly abandoned. It was anciently known in Greek as Karmylessos (), shortened to Lebessos () and pronounced in Modern Greek as Leivissi (). From Ancient Greek the town name shifted to Koine Greek by the Roman period, evolved into Byzantine Greek in the Middle Ages, and finally became the Modern Greek name still used by its townspeople before their final evacuation in 1923.
In late antiquity the inhabitants of the region had become Christian and, following the East-West Schism with the Church of Rome in 1054 AD, they came to be called Greek Orthodox Christian. These Greek-speaking Christian subjects, and their Turkish-speaking Muslim Ottoman rulers, lived in relative harmony from the end of the turbulent Ottoman conquest of the region in the 14th century until the early 20th century. Following the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, and the subsequent Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, the town's Greek Orthodox residents were exiled from Livissi.
The massacres of Greeks and other Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1914–1918) led to the almost total depopulation of the town's 6,500 Greek inhabitants by 1918. These former inhabitants were deprived of their properties and became refugees in Greece, or they died in Ottoman forced labour battalions (cf. Number 31328, an autobiography by a Greek-speaking novelist from a similar coastal town in Turkey).
Following these events the Allied victors in World War I authorized the occupation of Smyrna, which still had many Greek inhabitants, by Greece in May 1919. This led to the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, the subsequent defeat of Greece, and the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. That treaty contained a protocol, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, which barred permanently the return of any prior Greek Orthodox refugees to their homes in Turkey (including the previous Livissi refugees) and required that any remaining Orthodox Christian citizens of Turkey leave their homes for Greece (with an exception for Greeks living in Istanbul).
The treaty also required that Greece's Muslim citizens permanently leave Greece for Turkey (with an exception for Muslims living in Greek Thrace). Most of these Turks/Muslims from Greece were used by the Turkish state to settle its now empty Greek Christian towns, but Turks/Muslims from Greece did not wish to settle in Livissi due to rumors of ghosts of the Greeks killed there.
The ghost town, now preserved as a museum village, consists of hundreds of rundown but still mostly standing Greek-style houses and churches which cover a small mountainside and serve as a stopping place for tourists visiting Fethiye and nearby Ölüdeniz.
The village is now empty except for tour groups and roadside vendors selling handmade goods. There are a few houses which have been restored and are currently occupied.
History
Much of what remains of Livissi was built in the 18th century. Lycian style tombs can be found in the village and at Gokceburun north of the village.
Lebessus is mentioned as a Christian bishopric in the Notitia Episcopatuum of Pseudo-Epiphanius composed under the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius in about 640, and in the similar early 10th-century document attributed to Emperor Leo VI the Wise, as a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Myra, the capital of the Roman province of Lycia, to which Lebessus belonged. Since it is no longer a residential bishopric, Lebessus is listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Livissi is probably the place where the inhabitants of Byzantine Gemiler Island fled to protect themselves from pirates. It experienced a renewal after nearby Fethiye (known as Makri) was devastated by an earthquake in 1856 and a major fire in 1885. More than 20 churches and chapels were built in the village and the plain (Taxiarhes – the 'Upper' church – and 'Panayia Pyrgiotissa' – the 'lower' church – St. Anna, St. George, etc.). Most of them are still standing in ruinous or semi-ruinous condition. The village population was over 6,000 people, according to Greek and Ottoman sources.
The persecutions of Livissi inhabitants as well as Greeks of nearby Makri (Fethiye) were part of the wider campaign against all Ottoman Greeks and other Christians of the Empire (cf. Armenian genocide). The persecutions in the area started in 1914 in Makri. In 1916, a letter in Greek addressed to Sir Alfred Biliotti, the Consul General of Great Britain at Rhodes, explained the murders and persecution of Livissi and Macri Greeks who asked him for intervention. Unfortunately, the letter was intercepted at Livissi by Turkish authorities. Later that same year, many families of Livissi were deported and driven on foot to Denizli, around 220 km away. There, they suffered various extreme atrocities and tortures, facing even death. According to local tradition, Muslims refused to repopulate the place because it was "infested with the ghosts of Livisians massacred in 1915".
Two more exile phases followed in 1917 and 1918. In 1917, families were sent in villages near Denizli, such as Acıpayam, through forced march of fifteen days, consisting mainly of the elderly, women and children, who had remained in the area. During that death march, the roads were strewn with bodies of dead children and the elderly who succumbed to hunger and fatigue. The exiles of the next year were no less harsh.
At the start of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Kayaköy was already nearly empty of its former inhabitants. When this war ended in September 1922, the few remaining Greeks of Livissi and Makri were forced to abandon their homes and embark on ships to Greece. Some of them founded the refugee settlement of Nea Makri (New Makri) outside of Athens.
Many of the town's empty buildings were damaged in the 1957 Fethiye earthquake.
Kayaköy today
Today Kayaköy village serves as a museum and is a historical monument. Around 500 houses remain as ruins and are under the protection of the Turkish government, including two Greek Orthodox Churches, which remain the most important sites of the ghost town. There is a private museum on the history of the town. In the middle of the village stands a fountain that dates from the seventeenth century.
Some sources claim that Kayaköy was adopted by UNESCO as a World Friendship and Peace Village. However this is officially untrue, and was most likely a rumor put out by a local tourist council.
On 9 September 2014, the Turkish government announced plans to develop the village. It plans to offer a 49-year lease that will "partially open Kayaköy's archeological site to construction" and anticipated "construction of a hotel, as well as tourist facilities that will encompass one-third of the village."
Economy
Villagers were mostly professional craftsmen. Currently the most important economic factor of the place is tourism. It is envisaged that the village will be partially restored.
In popular culture
Kayaköy is presumed to be the inspiration behind "Eskibahçe", the imaginary village chosen by Louis de Bernières as the setting of his 2004 novel Birds Without Wings.
In 2014, Kayaköy also took centre stage in the closing scenes of Russell Crowe's film The Water Diviner.
In Clive Cussler's novel The Navigator, the characters Kurt Austin and Carina Mechadi meet with a sculptor from Kayaköy, who says that he makes figurines that are based on a statue from a Lycian tomb on the Turkish Riviera.
See also
Persecution of Christians
Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction
References
External links
Some 200 pictures
The Persecution of the Greeks of Livissi and Macri
Abandoned Kayaköy a symbol of war's painful consequences, Hurriyet Daily News, Monday, 18 October 2010
Kayaköy panoramic image December, 2012
Lebessus
Former populated places in Turkey
Neighbourhoods in Fethiye District
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Lycia
Ghost towns in Asia
History of Muğla Province
Former Greek towns in Turkey
Places of the Greek genocide | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayak%C3%B6y |
Tochisaurus (meaning "Ostrich lizard") is a genus of small troodontid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of Mongolia. The type (and only named) species is Tochisaurus nemegtensis.
In 1948, a Soviet-Mongolian expedition found the remains of a small theropod in the Gobi Desert near Nemegt. In 1987 the find was reported by Sergei Kurzanov and later that year discussed by Halszka Osmólska who suggested it could represent a specimen of the troodontid Borogovia.
Later Osmólska understood it was a species new to science. It was formalized by Kurzanov and Osmólska in 1991 as Tochisaurus nemegtensis. The generic name is derived from Mongolian toch, "ostrich", in reference to the fact that the foot, like with that bird, is functionally didactyl, i.e. has only two weight-bearing toes. The specific name refers to the Nemegt.
Its holotype fossil, PIN 551-224''', was found in a layer of the Nemegt Formation, dating from the early Maastrichtian, about 69 million years old. It consists solely of the (left) metatarsus, the first discovered of an Asian troodontid. The first metatarsal is missing. The top of the fossil shows some damage that was originally somewhat inexpertly restored.Tochisaurus is a bipedal dinosaur. The metatarsus has a length of 242 millimetres, showing it was a relatively large troodontid. The second metatarsal, 222 millimetres long, is very reduced and narrow. The joint surface on top of the metatarsus is sloped forward and downward.
Based on the partial fossils, Tochisaurus'' is thought to have been a member of the Troodontidae.
See also
Timeline of troodontid research
References
Troodontids
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
Nemegt fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1991
Taxa named by Sergei Kurzanov
Taxa named by Halszka Osmólska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochisaurus |
Charles Andre Mann (born April 12, 1961) is an American businessman and former professional football player. He played as a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and San Francisco 49ers. Mann made the Pro Bowl four times in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991.
Early life
Mann was born in Sacramento, California and attended Valley High School.
College career
Mann attended and played college football at the University of Nevada, where he played defensive end from 1979 to 1982. During his senior season, he led the Big Sky Conference with 14 sacks and was named the conference's Most Valuable Defensive Lineman. In 2015, he earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from Strayer University. Two years later on June 24, 2017, he received an MBA from Strayer University.
Professional career
Mann was drafted in the third round of the 1983 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins and by his second season, he was the starting left defensive end, opposite to Dexter Manley. During this time, Mann had double-digit sack seasons four times, including a career-high 14.5 in 1985, which was just his third season in the NFL.
Mann finished his career with the Redskins with 82 sacks, second-most in franchise history, and 17 forced fumbles, the most in franchise history, and also won Super Bowl XXII and Super Bowl XXVI. He was released by the Redskins and signed as a free agent with the San Francisco 49ers in 1994, where he won another Super Bowl (Super Bowl XXIX) before retiring.
After football
Mann helped found the Good Samaritan Foundation with his Washington teammates Art Monk, Tim Johnson and Earnest Byner. The foundation provides youth with the environment needed to equip them with the skills, training and resources necessary to compete successfully in society through the Student Training Opportunity Program (STOP). The program serves more than 50 high school students, four days a week during the school year and five days a week during the summer providing after-school programs, tutoring and mentoring.
In 1993, Mann was voted the "Washingtonian of the Year." Among his many accomplishments, Mann serves as a member of the board of Inova Health Systems and as Chairman of the Inova Alexandria Hospital Quality Committee, the board of the McLean School and a Deacon with Grace Covenant Church in Chantilly, Virginia. He also serves on the Honorary Board of Directors for Easter Seals Serving DC|MD|VA, located in Silver Spring, MD.
Prior to starting his own company, Mann was aligned with local and national media entities: ESPN, BET, WUSA (TV) and WJFK-FM as Color Analyst & Reporter. McDonald's, Diet Coke and Swanson as Spokesman. Mann has been involved with National Kidney Foundation, United Way and the Ronald McDonald House Charities, The Border Babies Foundation, the "Read And Achieve Program," "Why School is Cool" Program, The Metropolitan Boys and Girls Clubs, Children's Hospital, The Children's Cancer Foundation and President Clinton's National Service Initiative Committee. Mann was a color commentator for the NFL on CBS from 1999 to 2000. He is also an advocate of player safety while upholding the intensity of sports, focusing his efforts with an impact sensor device company, Brain Sentry.
Mann acted in the web series Turf Valley.
Mann, his wife of more than 30 years, Tyrena, and their three children, daughter Camille, son Cameron Wesley and daughter Casey live in the Washington area.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Nevada Wolf Pack football players
Players of American football from Sacramento, California
San Francisco 49ers players
Washington Redskins players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Mann%20%28American%20football%29 |
Pedro and Me is an autobiographical graphic novel by Judd Winick regarding his friendship with AIDS educator Pedro Zamora after the two met while on the reality television series The Real World: San Francisco. It was published in September 2000.
Awards
Pedro and Me won numerous awards such as:
GLAAD Media Award for Best Comic Book
Publishers Weekly Best Book (2000)
Bay Area Book Reviewers Award for Best in Children's Literature (2000)
Eisner Nomination for Best Original Graphic Novel (2000)
Robert F. Sibert Informational Book Honor Award (2001)
Notable Children's Book Selection, American Library Association (2001)
American Library Association Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Roundtable Nonfiction Honor book
YALSA (Young Adult Library Services Association) Quick Pick for Reluctant Readers
YALSA Notable Graphic Novels
Bulletin Blue Ribbon Book
America's Award for Children's and Young Adult Literature Highly Recommended List (Award sponsored by the national Consortium of Latin American Studies Programs—CLASP)
References
External links
Rational Magic review of book
Comics Bulletin review of book
2000 comics debuts
2000 graphic novels
2000 children's books
2000s LGBT literature
Autobiographical graphic novels
Children's books about friendship
Children's non-fiction books
GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book winners
LGBT-related graphic novels
LGBT-related children's novels
The Real World (TV series)
Henry Holt and Company books
LGBT literature in the United States
HIV/AIDS in literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20and%20Me |
Thomas Hill Moore was a commissioner of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, an independent agency of the U.S. federal government. He was first appointed to the commission by President Bill Clinton in 1995 to complete an unexpired term and was reappointed by Clinton to a full seven-year term in 1996. Moore was appointed to a third term by President George W. Bush in 2003. This term expired in 2010. He served an additional year after the expiration of his term, as commissioners are permitted to do until their successors are appointed.
For most of George W. Bush's term, Moore was the lone Democrat on the three-person commission (two seats lacked appropriation by statute until passage of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008). With the July 2006 resignation of Chairman Hal Stratton, Moore became one of only two commissioners. Moore's seat was filled by Marietta S. Robinson.
References
External links
Official CPSC Biography
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission personnel
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Hill%20Moore |
Brookton Highway is a long undivided single carriageway highway in Western Australia, running from the southern Perth suburb of Kelmscott, through Westdale, to the southern Wheatbelt town of Brookton. It is signposted as State Route 40; however, the route and highway continue on far past Brookton, passing through Corrigin, Kondinin, Hyden, Lake King, and finishing at South Coast Highway, just west of Ravensthorpe.
Route description
Near its western terminus, the road passes through thick jarrah forest in the Darling Scarp; however further east, the landscape soon becomes flat, passing through wheat farming regions and wandoo woodlands until reaching Brookton.
The highway is a part of the route linking Perth to Esperance and is identified as a strategic freight and tourist route.
For most of the road it is able to cater for heavy vehicle combinations up to in length which generally carry grain and livestock. Tourism traffic, particularly to Wave Rock, is also prevalent along the western stretch of the road.
History
The bushfire in Kelmscott and Roleystone on 6 February 2011 destroyed the Buckingham Bridge. The bridge had originally been built from timber in 1935. A temporary bridge over the Canning River was opened on 4 March 2011 and was constructed using of rock, of crushed limestone and of fill material. Heavy vehicles were unable to use the structure and had to detour at Welshpool Road. This part of the highway is used by up to 4,000 vehicles per day.
The Buckingham Bridge was replaced with a permanent concrete and steel bridge, constructed to the south of the temporary crossing so that traffic was not disturbed. The new Buckingham Bridge was opened to traffic on 25 July 2013.
Major intersections
See also
Highways in Australia
List of highways in Western Australia
References
Highways and freeways in Perth, Western Australia
Highways in rural Western Australia
Wheatbelt (Western Australia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookton%20Highway |
Jinyang Lake is a reservoir covering portions of Jinju and Sacheon in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. The water surface covers approximately 29 km². It was formed in 1970, by the construction of a dam where the Gyeongho and Deokcheon rivers join to form the Nam River.
Most of the Jinju side of the lake is a city park, which was established in 1998. The area has become a popular local attraction, with hotels, restaurants, a small zoo, and the Jinju Land amusement park.
Jinyang Lake, like several other regions in the Nakdong River basin, is home to a population of endangered Eurasian otters.
External links
Official park office website, in Korean
Lakes of South Korea
Parks in South Gyeongsang Province
Landforms of South Gyeongsang Province
Jinju
Sacheon
Reservoirs in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinyang%20Lake |
Australian rules football in South East Queensland has a varied history and many changes were made especially in the 21st century. Ruled and organised by the AFL Queensland, the region had a total of 46 teams playing in different divisions.
Occasionally inter-zone matches are held with separate South East Queensland representative sides taking part, they include the "Gold Coast Stingrays", the "Suncoast Power", the "Western Taipans", and the "Northern Raiders". Additionally when the South East competes together they are known as the "South East Bushrangers".
History
Early beginning
The earliest known record of Australian rules football commencing in Queensland was in May 1866, when the Brisbane Football Club was formed, with the aim of keeping cricketers fit in the winter months. The club played its first match on Saturday 9 June 1866 at Queen's Park (now part of the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens). By 1870 four more clubs had been created: Volunteer Artillery, Brisbane Grammar School, Civil Service and Ipswich, all adopting Victorian Rules over rugby football.
The original Brisbane Football Club disbanded in the late 1880s and has no direct relationship to the modern Brisbane Bears or Lions clubs.
The first schoolboys match was between Brisbane Grammar played matches against Ipswich Grammar in 1870 – the outcome was a draw. Early games in Queensland were exceptionally long – one match between IGS and Brisbane Grammar in 1876 commenced at 10.30am and ended at 2.30pm, at which time IGS had scored 6 goals to Brisbane Grammar's nil.
During this era, no local governing body for the game was established. All rules and decisions about the rules and competitions were still made from Melbourne and was known in Queensland as "Victorian Rules".
However Victorian rules was growing rapidly and was the most popular football code in Queensland by 1880. Queensland sent delegates to the Intercolonial Football Conference in 1883.
By the early 1880s, there may have been as many as 300 players in the Brisbane and Ipswich region, as contemporaneous newspaper records show that there were at least six active clubs (Brisbane, Excelsiors, Grammars, Wallaroos, Rovers and Athenians (Ipswich)), each of which had at least two teams ('senior' and 'junior' 20s).
Matches were played at the Albert Ground, Kedron Park, Grammar School and Ipswich, with occasional matches at Queen's Park.
In 1887, one of the most significant events in the history of the code occurred at this time. Independent Schools headmasters voted by 1 vote to adopt rugby football. The decision was influenced by the recent creation of a Queensland-based governing body to govern rugby, and the majority of councillors objected on the basis that the reference of "Victorian" in the name of the sport did not represent the interests of Queenslanders. This dealt a significant blow to the sport and advantage to rugby union.
Despite the advances made by Queensland football, it was clear that Victoria was progressing faster than any other state. On 21 June 1890, South Melbourne Football Club toured, playing against Queensland on Albion Park. The result of the match was a complete 6-17 to 1-0 humiliation (behinds were recorded in the scores at the time but did not actually count until 1897). The humiliation was obviously felt by the players as when Queensland defeated a New South Wales Rugby Union team shortly afterwards many of the former rugby players receded from the Australian football ranks and formed clubs of their own. Over the next few years, rugby union's popularity in South East Queensland would swamp Victorian Rules.
Modern era
In 1969, the "South Queensland Australian Football Association" (SQAFA) was established with the purpose of developing players for the Queensland Australian Football League (QAFL). Most of the players were amateurs. In 1992, the league changed its name to the "Brisbane Australian Football League" (BAFL) and included clubs from the Sunshine Coast.
Another name change in 2000 brought about AFL South Queensland. In 2006, AFL South Queensland was taken under the umbrella of AFL Queensland and rebranded as the Queensland State Association. In 2012, it was renamed South East Queensland AFL. Finally in 2014 the local level was divided into two leagues, the Queensland Football Association (QFA) and the Queensland Amateur Football Association (QAFA). Again in 2017 the name will change again to the Queensland Football Association (QFA), now covering five (5) divisions and the re-introduction of two (2) regional based leagues (AFL Northern Rivers & AFL Sunshine Coast / Wide Bay).
Current South East Queensland structure
Since 2017 to present:
Notes
* Premiers
** Wooden spooners
QFA clubs
Clubs for the 2022 season:
QFA Division 1
Notes
QFA Division 2 North
QFA Division 2 South
QFA Division 3 North
QFA Division 3 South
QFA Division 4 North
QFA Division 4 South
Notes
Clubs in other competitions
Several clubs from SE Queensland do not take part of local competitions, giving priority to QAFL or VFL competitions where they compete.Other clubs have teams in both, QFA and QAFL/VFL.
Notes
Notable QFA clubs in recess or defunct
As of 2018 season:
Premiers: 1970–present
Former AFL South Queensland Divisions
Notable former QFA regional Divisions
2003 Bundaberg-Wide Bay Hinterland Division
All four AFL Bundaberg-Wide Bay Clubs from 2002, Hervey Bay Bombers, Across the Waves Bundaberg Eagles, Brothers Bulldogs and Maryborough Bears were joined by teams further south, Gympie Cats, Pomona Demons, Glasshouse and Bribie Island to play one season against each other before reverting to their various regional leagues in 2004 once again.
Finals summary:
Elimination Final - Maryborough 13.8-86 defeated Glasshouse 10.7-67
Qualifying Final - Across the Waves 13.12-90 defeated Bribie Island 11.11-77
First Semi Final - Maryborough 15.14-104 defeated Bribie Island 12.6-78
Second Semi Final - Hervey Bay 18.15-123 defeated Across the Waves 9.7-61
Preliminary Final - Across the Waves 14.15-99 defeated Maryborough 4.10-34
GRAND FINAL - Hervey Bay 8.8-56 defeated Across the Waves 6.17-53
See also
Australian rules football in Queensland
AFL Queensland
References
External links
SEQ teams and competitions on AFLQ website
Australian rules football competitions in Queensland
Sport on the Gold Coast, Queensland
Northern Rivers
South East Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20rules%20football%20in%20South%20East%20Queensland |
Sri Lanka is officially a Buddhist country, while Sri Lankans practice a variety of religions. As of the 2012 census, 70.2% of Sri Lankans were Buddhists, 12.6% were Hindus, 9.7% were Muslims (mainly Sunni), 7.4% were Christians (mostly Catholics). Buddhism is declared as the State religion of Sri Lanka and has been given special privileges in the Sri Lankan constitution such as the government is bound for protection and fostering of Buddhist Dharma throughout the nation. However, the constitution also provides for freedom of religion and right to equality among all its citizens. In 2008 Sri Lanka was the third most religious country in the world according to a Gallup poll, with 99% of Sri Lankans saying religion is an important part of their daily life.
Distribution of religious groups
The census 2001 covered 18 districts only. The district percentages shown are from 2001 census except where the numbers are italic, which are from 1981 census. Population movements have occurred after 1981, and accurate statistics did not exist for districts which were not covered in 2001 census until the 2011 census.
Religion by Province
Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism is the official religion of Sri Lanka, with about 70.2% of the country's population as followers. Arahath Mahinda, son of Indian Buddhist emperor Ashoka, led the mission to Sri Lanka in 246 BCE when he converted the Sri Lankan king, Devanampiya Tissa, to Buddhism. Arahath Sanghamitra, daughter of King Ashoka, brought a sapling of the Bodhi tree in Buddha Gaya to Sri Lanka. She also established the Order of Nuns in Sri Lanka. The Sapling of the Bodhi tree, known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi was planted in the Mahameghavana Park in Anuradhapura by the King Devanampiya Tissa.
From then on, the royal families had helped to encourage the spread of Buddhism, aiding Buddhist missionaries and building monasteries. Around 200 BCE, Buddhism became the official religion of Sri Lanka. The Sacred Tooth Relic was brought to Sri Lanka in 4th century by Prince Danta and Princess Hemamala. Sri Lanka has the longest continuous history of Buddhism of any Buddhist nation. During the periods of decline, the Sri Lankan monastic lineage was revived through contacts with Myanmar and Thailand. Later on, however, Hindu invasions and European colonial influences contributed to the decline of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
But during the last period of the European colonial period and the post-colonial period, Buddhism has gained a growth in Sri Lanka. Buddhism was 61.57% in 1881 in Sri Lanka. Buddhism has increased to 70.2% in Sri Lanka when it's 2012.
In the mid 18th century the higher ordination of Buddhist monks known as Upasampada, which was defunct at the time, was revived with the help of Siamese Buddhist monks on the initiatives taken by Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero during the reign of king Kirti Sri Rajasinha of Kandy. By the mid-19th century, Buddhist leaders such as Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera, Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott and Anagarika Dharmapala started a successful national Buddhist movement for the revival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
Hinduism
Hindus make up 12.6% of Sri Lanka's population. Hinduism was practiced by Native Kings before their conversion to Buddhism. The origins of the religion are linked to early Tamil immigration into the island since the Chola conquests in the 10th century or even earlier with the Saivite devotional movement that swept South India.
Hinduism in Sri Lanka is largely identified with the Tamil population and is concentrated in the Northern, Eastern and Central Provinces. The population declined since the 1981 census on account of Sri Lankan Tamil emigration overseas and the repatriation of 'Indian' Tamils.
A significant Hindu religious figure in Sri Lankan modern history is Satguru Siva Yogaswami of Jaffna. One of the mystics of the 20th century, Yogaswami was the official satguru and counseling sage of Lanka's several million Tamil Hindu population. The Ramakrishna Mission is somewhat active in the Amparai and Batticaloa districts while the Shaiva Siddhanta school of philosophy of Shaivism sect of Hinduism is prevalent in the North of Sri Lanka. Yogaswami belonged to the Shaiva Siddhanta and he was 161st head of the Nandinatha Sampradaya. The next person in the line of succession after Yogaswami was Sivaya Subramuniyaswami.
Islam
By the 7th century, Arab traders had controlled much of the trade on the Indian Ocean, including that of Sri Lanka's. Many of these traders settled down in Sri Lanka, encouraging the spread of Islam. However, when the Portuguese arrived at Sri Lanka during the 16th century, many of the Arabs' Muslim descendants were persecuted, thus forcing them to migrate to the Central Highlands and to the east coast.
In modern times, Muslims in Sri Lanka have the Muslim Religious and Cultural Affairs Department, which was established in the 1980s to prevent the continual isolation of the Muslim community from the rest of Sri Lanka. Today, about 9.7% of Sri Lankans adhere to Islam; mostly from the Moor and Malay ethnic communities on the island.
Christianity
According to a Christian tradition, Christianity was introduced by Thomas the Apostle in Sri Lanka (as well as India) during the 1st century. The first evidence of Christianity in Sri Lanka is the account in the 6th-century Christian Topography, which says a community of Persian Nestorians lived on the island. The Anuradhapura cross, discovered in 1912, is probably a relic of this community. However, the population of Christians in Sri Lanka didn't dramatically increase until the arrival of Portuguese missionaries during the 15th century. In the 17th century, the Dutch took over Sri Lanka and Dutch missionaries were able to convert 21% of Sri Lanka's population to Christianity by 1622.
In 1796 the Dutch were displaced by the British and in 1802 Ceylon became a Crown colony. Anglican and other Protestant missionaries arrived at Sri Lanka during the early 19th century, when the British took control of Sri Lanka from the Dutch. Under British rule missionary work was undertaken by English societies: Baptist, Wesleyan Methodist, the CMS and SPG. The Salvation Army and Jehovah's Witnesses are also present in Sri Lanka.
The percentage of Christians has slowly declined from the height of 13% in 1891 they were 12.6% and numbered were 302,000. In 2012 they 7.4%. By the 1980s, the population of Christians was mostly concentrated in the northwest of Sri Lanka and in the capital where they are 10% of the population. Of these Christians, over 80% are Roman Catholics while the rest are predominantly Anglicans, Methodists and other Protestants.
Baháʼí Faith
Adherents of the Baháʼí Faith have been present in Sri Lanka since 1949. The first Baháʼí resident in Colombo was a physician from India, M.E. Lukmani. Its population grew in the 1950s and by 1962, its first administrative body for the national level (the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Sri Lanka) was elected.
See also
History of Sri Lanka
Freedom of religion in Sri Lanka
References
External links
The Buddhist World
About.com-Religion in Sri Lanka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20in%20Sri%20Lanka |
WAJM, assigned to 88.9 FM and licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey, is a high school radio station owned by the Atlantic City Board of Education and is operated by the students of Atlantic City High School. Currently, WAJM broadcasts live Monday thru Friday from 7:00am to 3:30pm and during after hours, on weekends, holidays and when Atlantic City High School is closed due to inclement weather the station operates on an automated system where music, station IDs and PSA are shuffled and broadcast on-air. Starting at its inception WAJM had been broadcasting with a jazz radio format until 2009 when it flipped to a freeform radio format using the moniker 88.9 The Jam. The studios, offices and transmitter are located on the campus of Atlantic City High School on North Albany Avenue in Atlantic City. In 2009 WAJM began simulcasting its live and automated broadcasts via the Internet in both an audio only feed and audio/video feed. The station was a creation of Mr.Norman Draper. The first school year of on air broadcasting was 1996–97. That year the students interviewed "Sugar" Ray Leonard, and did a live simulcast from the grand opening of the new Atlantic City Convention Center.
In 2005 the Atlantic City Board of Education entered into an agreement with In His Name Broadcasting which at the time owned 88.7 FM WXXY (Now WEHA) licensed to neighboring Port Republic to simulcast each other programming, WAJM would simulcast WXXY's religious programming when their live programming ended for the day and WXXY would broadcast Atlantic City Board of Education meetings and Atlantic City Public School sporting events, specifically the Atlantic City High School Vikings.
External links
AJM | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAJM |
Sespe Creek is located in the southern Los Padres National Forest in Ventura County, Southern California. The stream winds over through the Sierra Madre Mountains and Topatopa Mountains, foothills and valleys, and very narrow canyons and gorges
Geography
Sespe Creek headwaters are in Portero Seco of the Sierra Madre Mountains, and is formed by more than thirty tributary streams in those and the Topatopa Mountains, before its confluence with the Santa Clara River, in Fillmore. Sespe Creek is a National Scenic Waterway, and is one of the longest creeks untouched by dams or cement channels. The Sespe Wilderness Area protects a portion of its watershed and channel.
The Sespe Creek watershed is known for the Sespe Condor Sanctuary. Established in 1947, it is where the critically endangered species Gymnogyps californicus (California condor) has been re-introduced into its native habitat.
Fish
At least twelve native and introduced fishes can be found in the creek:
Arroyo chub — Gila Orcutti
Pacific lamprey — Entosphenus tridentatus
Prickly sculpin
Santa Ana sucker — Catostomus santaanae
Steelhead trout — Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
Threespine stickleback — Gasterosteus aculeatus
Green sunfish — Lepomis cyanellus, (introduced)
Fathead minnow (introduced)
Black bullhead (introduced)
Mosquitofish (introduced)
Golden shiner (introduced)
Threadfin shad (introduced)
Rainbow trout (introduced)
A common fish in Sespe Creek is the Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which is easily identified by its three dorsal spines.
The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) enters Sespe Creek from the Santa Clara River, a tributary of the Pacific Ocean.
The arroyo chub (Gila Orcutti) is often found in schools. The Santa Ana sucker (Catostomus santaanae) is common around waterfalls.
The introduced species, Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), can be found in shallow, weedy areas.
See also
California chaparral and woodlands
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
California montane chaparral and woodlands
Riparian zone
References
Lists of fauna of California
Fish of the Western United States
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of Ventura County, California
+
Topatopa Mountains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fishes%20of%20Sespe%20Creek%2C%20California |
Gene Herman Brito (November 23, 1925 – June 8, 1965) was an American football defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) who played nine seasons for the Washington Redskins and the Los Angeles Rams from 1951 to 1960.
Early career
Brito, born to a Spanish-American father and Mexican-American mother, grew up in Lincoln Heights, a then mostly Italian American neighborhood, located in Los Angeles. His father was a boxer, and he had two younger sisters. Brito attended Lincoln High School where he was a standout athlete.
College career
Brito graduated from Loyola Marymount University (then Loyola University) as a multi-sport athlete, starring in football, baseball, basketball, and track.
Professional career
Brito began his career as an offensive end right as he was about to turn 26, catching 45 passes in his first two seasons before being moved to defensive end in 1953. He was named the NFL Player of the Year by the Washington D.C. Touchdown Club after the 1955 season. Brito played in the Canadian Football League for the Calgary Stampeders in 1954 where he was an All-conference selection in the CFL's Western Conference. In the NFL, he was a five-time Pro Bowler in 1953 and from 1955 to 1958. He was selected as one of the 70 Greatest Redskins, a list compiled by the Redskins in 2002 to commemorate the 70-year anniversary of the team. He is one of four defensive ends on the team, along with Dexter Manley, Ron McDole and Charles Mann. In 2004, he was named to the Professional Football Researchers Association Hall of Very Good in the association's second HOVG class
Personal life
Brito was a staff sergeant in the U. S. Army and an Army paratrooper with U.S. forces in the Pacific during World War II.
Brito was elected posthumously to the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 1989. He hosted "The Gene Brito Show" which aired prior to Redskins games in the 1950s making him one of the first NFL athletes to host a show and making him the most popular Redskins of his era. He was then-President John F. Kennedy's favorite player. Brito died on June 8, 1965, of ALS at the age of 39. During an August 1971 visit to the Hall of Fame Game in Canton, Ohio, President Richard Nixon, who had been friendly with Kennedy during their congressional years, told sportscaster Frank Gifford that he considered Brito a candidate for enshrinement at the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
References
External links
1925 births
1965 deaths
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in California
American football defensive ends
Calgary Stampeders players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Los Angeles Rams players
Loyola Marymount University alumni
Washington Redskins players
American people of Spanish descent
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army non-commissioned officers
Paratroopers
People from Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Brito |
Praxeas (Greek: Πραξέας) was a Monarchian from Asia Minor who lived in the end of the 2nd century/beginning of the 3rd century. He believed in the unity of the Godhead and vehemently disagreed with any attempt at division of the personalities or personages of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in the Christian Church. He was opposed by Tertullian in his tract Against Praxeas (Adversus Praxean), and was influential in preventing the Roman Church from granting recognition to the New Prophecy.
An early anti-Montanist, he is known only by virtue of Tertullian's book "Adversus Praxean". His name in the list of heresies appended to the "De Praescriptionibus" of that writer (an anonymous epitome of the lost "Syntagma" of Hippolytus) is a correction made by some ancient diorthotes for Noetus.
He taught Monarchian doctrine there, or at least a doctrine which Tertullian regarded as Monarchian: "Paracletum fugavit et patrem crucifixit."- "Having driven out the Paraclete, he [Praxeas] now crucified the Father". He was refuted, evidently by Tertullian himself, and gave an explanation or recantation in writing, the "carnal" as he affects to call them, which, when Tertullian wrote several years afterwards, was still in the hands of the authorities of the Carthaginian Church. Monarchianism had sprung up again, but Tertullian does not mention its leaders at Rome, and directs his whole argument against his old enemy Praxeas.
But the arguments which he refutes are doubtless those of Epigonus and Cleomenes. There is little reason for thinking that Praxeas was a heresiarch, and less for identifying him with Noetus, or one of his disciples. He was very likely merely an adversary of the Montanists who used some quasi-Monarchian expressions when at Carthage, but afterwards revised them when he saw they might be misunderstood.
See also
Sabellius
Pope Zephyrinus
Pope Callixtus I
References
External links
Adversus Praxean in English
Adversus Praxean in Latin
Adversus Praxean
Christian theologians
3rd-century Christians
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxeas |
Donald James MacLean (born January 16, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins, and became the all-time scoring leader of both the school and the Pac-12 Conference. In 1994, MacLean won the NBA Most Improved Player Award as a member of the Washington Bullets (known now as the Washington Wizards). He currently works as a basketball color analyst.
High school career
Born in Palo Alto, California, MacLean graduated from Simi Valley High School in Simi Valley, California where he was an All-American his senior year.
College career
MacLean played in college at UCLA from 1989 to 1992. He still holds the school record for points scored (2,608) which is also the Pac-12 Conference's (then known as the Pac-10) all-time scoring record, passing Sean Elliott's then record of 2,555 points. In his senior season, MacLean led UCLA to the 1992 Elite 8. He was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame in 2002.
NBA career
MacLean was the 19th pick (1st round) in the 1992 NBA draft. He was initially drafted by the Detroit Pistons but was traded on draft day to the Washington Bullets. MacLean, along with his 1994–95 Washington Bullets teammates Rex Chapman, Tom Gugliotta, and Scott Skiles, all reunited in Phoenix in 1999–2000 when Chapman, Gugliotta, and MacLean were Suns players and Skiles was the head coach. As highly productive scoring Bullets teammates in 1994–95, Chapman averaged 11.0 points per game (ranked 4th highest on the team), Gugliotta averaged 16.0 (5th on the team), Skiles averaged 13.0 (6th on the team), and MacLean averaged 11.0 (7th on the team). However, as Suns teammates, Gugliotta averaged 13.7 (5th on the team), Chapman averaged only 6.6 (9th on the team), and MacLean averaged only 2.6 (15th on the team). MacLean is considered by many to have had one of the quickest releases in the game.
In November 2000, the NBA suspended MacLean five games for testing positive for steroids. He was the first player suspended for steroid use. Charles Barkley later commented "I've seen Don MacLean naked, and he doesn't use steroids."
Broadcasting career
MacLean served as the color analyst on the UCLA Basketball Radio Network. He is an analyst on the Los Angeles Clippers TV broadcasts on Bally Sports West and Bally Sports SoCal. He also is a weekly basketball contributor on Fox Sports Radio Network's Petros and Money Show. MacLean also serves as the color analyst for various games on the Pac-12 Network.
Personal life
MacLean lives in Southern California with his wife, Brooke, and three sons Kyle, Blake and Trent.
See also
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders
Pac-12 Conference Hall of Honor
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Ventura County, California
Denver Nuggets players
Detroit Pistons draft picks
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Miami Heat players
New Jersey Nets players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Sportspeople from Simi Valley, California
Philadelphia 76ers players
Phoenix Suns players
Power forwards (basketball)
Seattle SuperSonics players
Sportspeople from Palo Alto, California
Basketball players from Santa Clara County, California
Simi Valley High School alumni
UCLA Bruins men's basketball players
Washington Bullets players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20MacLean%20%28basketball%29 |
was a Japanese statistician. In the early 1970s, he formulated the Akaike information criterion (AIC). AIC is now widely used for model selection, which is commonly the most difficult aspect of statistical inference; additionally, AIC is the basis of a paradigm for the foundations of statistics. Akaike also made major contributions to the study of time series. As well, he had a large role in the general development of statistics in Japan.
Akaike information criterion
The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is an estimator of the relative quality of statistical models for a given set of data. Given a collection of models for the data, AIC estimates the quality of each model, relative to each of the other models. Thus, AIC provides a means for model selection.
AIC was first formally described in a research paper by . As of October 2014, the paper had received more than 14000 citations in the Web of Science: making it the 73rd most-cited research paper of all time. (As of April 2016, the paper had received about 17000 citations.)
Nowadays, AIC has become common enough that it is often used without citing Akaike's 1974 paper. Indeed, there are over 170,000 scholarly articles/books that use AIC (as assessed by Google Scholar).
Life and career
Hirotugu Akaike was born to a silkworm farmer in Fujinomiya City; he was the youngest of four brothers. In 1957, he married Ayako, with whom he afterward had three daughters; Ayako died (of subarachnoid haemorrhage) in 1983. He later married Mitsuko, who remained his wife for the rest of his life.
Akaike graduated with a bachelor's degree from the School of Science at the University of Tokyo, in 1952. He then became a researcher at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. In 1961, obtained his Doctor of Science, in mathematics, from the University of Tokyo. Afterward, he continued researching at the institute; much of his research pertained to time series, where he made major contributions. From 1986 until 1994, when he retired, he was director general of the institute. In 1988, he founded the Department of Statistical Science at the Graduate University for Advanced Studies; he was chair of the department from the founding until his retirement in 1994. From 1994 until his death, he was an emeritus professor at both the institute and the Graduate University.
During his career, Akaike held visiting positions at a number of universities: Princeton (1966–1967), Stanford (1967, 1979), Hawaii (1972), the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (1973), Harvard (Vinton Hayes Senior Fellow in Engineering and Applied Physics, 1976), Wisconsin–Madison (Mathematics Research Center, 1982), and several Japanese universities. He was also president of the Japan Statistical Society. Additionally, he served as a Member of the Science Council of Japan.
Akaike died of pneumonia. His obituary in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society describes him as being "a most gentle person of great intellect, integrity and generosity".
Awards, honors, and related
In 1989, Akaike was awarded the Asahi Prize and the Purple Ribbon Medal. In 1996, he was the recipient of the first Japan Statistical Society Prize. In 2000, he was awarded the Gold and Silver Star of the Order of the Sacred Treasure. In 2006, Akaike was awarded the Kyoto Prize; the official citation states that the Prize was for his "Major contribution to statistical science and modeling with the development of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)".
Akaike was a Fellow at several scientific associations: American Statistical Association, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Royal Statistical Society, and others.
The Akaike Memorial Lecture was founded to honor Akaike's legacy. The Lecture is biennial, and is sponsored jointly by the Institute of Statistical Mathematics and the Japan Statistical Society.
On 5 November 2017, Google Doodle commemorated his 90th birthday.
Interviews
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"Message from Hirotugu Akaike - The 2006 Kyoto Prize Winner" —YouTube video, recorded on November 11, 2006.
Publications
Articles
A list of Akaike's research articles (and similar publications) is available on the Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website, at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. The list comprises 119 English articles and 52 Japanese articles. What follows here is a selection of English articles. (Many articles in what follows are also in the book Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike.)
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Akaike, H. (1980). "Likelihood and the Bayes procedure (with discussion)". J. M. Bernardo, M. H. DeGroot, D. V. Lindley, and A. F. M. Smith (eds.) Bayesian Statistics, 143–203. Valencia, Spain: University Press.
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Akaike, H. (1981). "Modern development of statistical methods". P. Eykhoff (ed.) Trends and Progress in System Identification, 169–184. Pergamon Press.
Akaike, H. (1983). "Statistical inference and measurement of entropy". G. E. P. Box, T. Leonard, and C.-F. Wu (eds.) Scientific Inference, Data Analysis, and Robustness, 165–189. Academic Press.
Akaike, H. (1983). "Information measures and model selection". Proceedings of the 44th World Statistics Congress of the International Statistical Institute, 277–291.
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Akaike, H. (1985). "Prediction and entropy". A. C. Atkinson, and S. E. Fienberg (eds.) A Celebration of Statistics, 1–24. Springer.
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Books
The following list is adapted from a list on the Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website, at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics.
Akaike Information Criterion AIC - Modeling / Prediction / Knowledge-Discovery (written in Japanese) Co-authored with S. Amari, G. Kitagawa, S. Abashima, and H. Simodaira, and with K. Murota and T.i Tsuchiya (Eds.), Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan (2007).
The Practice of Time Series Analysis H. Akaike and G. Kitagawa (Eds.), Springer-Verlag (1999).
Practice of Time Series Analysis II (written in Japanese) H. Akaike and G. Kitagawa (Eds.), Asakura Publishing Co. (1995).
Time Series Theory (written in Japanese) coauthored with T. Ozaki, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1988).
Statistical Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems (translation of 1972 book) coauthored with T. Nakagawa, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1988).
Statistics in Science (written in Japanese)coauthored with T. Matsuda, M. Oda, K. Nomoto, E. Matsunaga Kodansha Ltd. (1987).
Statistical Special Theory (written in Japanese) coauthored with C. Hayashi and T. Suzuki, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1986).
Probability and Statistics (written in Japanese)coauthored with C. Hayashi, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1985).
Statistical Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems (written in Japanese)coauthored with T. Nakagawa, Science Co. (1972).
Idea Concerning Public Opinion (written in Japanese)coauthored with M. Royama, New Japan Educational Association (1955).
Contemporary Society and Mass Communication (written in Japanese)Mass Communication Course Vol.5 (coauthored with R. Hidaka), Kawade Shobo Publishers (1955).
References
Further reading
; text available as Technical Report #177 (Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University).
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External links
Hirotugu Akaike | 2006 Laureate —official web page for Akaike's Kyoto Prize
Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website —at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics
1927 births
2009 deaths
20th-century Japanese mathematicians
21st-century Japanese mathematicians
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the Royal Statistical Society
Japanese statisticians
Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences
People from Fujinomiya, Shizuoka
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class
University of Tokyo alumni
Mathematical statisticians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirotugu%20Akaike |
In mathematics, a Lefschetz manifold is a particular kind of symplectic manifold , sharing a certain cohomological property with Kähler manifolds, that of satisfying the conclusion of the Hard Lefschetz theorem. More precisely, the strong Lefschetz property asks that for , the cup product
be an isomorphism.
The topology of these symplectic manifolds is severely constrained, for example their odd Betti numbers are even. This remark leads to numerous examples of symplectic manifolds which are not Kähler, the first historical example is due to William Thurston.
Lefschetz maps
Let be a ()-dimensional smooth manifold. Each element
of the second de Rham cohomology space of induces a map
called the Lefschetz map of . Letting be the th iteration of , we have for each a map
If is compact and oriented, then Poincaré duality tells us that and are vector spaces of the same dimension, so in these cases it is natural to ask whether or not the various iterations of Lefschetz maps are isomorphisms.
The Hard Lefschetz theorem states that this is the case for the symplectic form of a compact Kähler manifold.
Definitions
If
and
are isomorphisms, then is a Lefschetz element, or Lefschetz class. If
is an isomorphism for all , then is a strong Lefschetz element, or a strong Lefschetz class.
Let be a -dimensional symplectic manifold. Then it is orientable, but maybe not compact. One says that is a Lefschetz manifold if is a Lefschetz element, and is a strong Lefschetz manifold if is a strong Lefschetz element.
Where to find Lefschetz manifolds
The real manifold underlying any Kähler manifold is a symplectic manifold. The strong Lefschetz theorem tells us that it is also a strong Lefschetz manifold, and hence a Lefschetz manifold. Therefore we have the following chain of inclusions.
{Kähler manifolds} {strong Lefschetz manifolds} {Lefschetz manifolds} {symplectic manifolds}
Chal Benson and Carolyn S. Gordon proved in 1988 that if a compact nilmanifold is a Lefschetz manifold, then it is diffeomorphic to a torus. The fact that there are nilmanifolds that are not diffeomorphic to a torus shows that there is some space between Kähler manifolds and symplectic manifolds, but the class of nilmanifolds fails to show any differences between Kähler manifolds, Lefschetz manifolds, and strong Lefschetz manifolds.
Gordan and Benson conjectured that if a compact complete solvmanifold admits a Kähler structure, then it is diffeomorphic to a torus. This has been proved. Furthermore, many examples have been found of solvmanifolds that are strong Lefschetz but not Kähler, and solvmanifolds that are Lefschetz but not strong Lefschetz. Such examples were given by Takumi Yamada in 2002.
Notes
Symplectic geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz%20manifold |
Monte Leon Coleman (born November 4, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for 16 seasons with the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 to 1994. He was the head football coach for the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff.
Football career
Coleman played college football at the University of Central Arkansas in Conway, then a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) school. He played safety his first three years before being converted to the linebacker position as a senior. He set a school record with 22 interceptions and became the first player from Central Arkansas drafted in the NFL when the Redskins chose him in the 11th of the 12 rounds of the 1979 NFL draft with the 289th overall selection.
Coleman played for the Redskins in parts of three decades: the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. On the all-time list of games played as a Redskin, Monte Coleman is currently second having played in 217 games, Darrell Green is first. He is one of only three men to play at least 16 seasons with the franchise, along with quarterback Sammy Baugh (16) and Green (20). Coleman’s 56.5 sacks are the team's fourth-highest all-time total.
Coleman played in the Super Bowl four times, winning three: Super Bowl XVII, Super Bowl XVIII, Super Bowl XXII, and Super Bowl XXVI.
NFL statistics
Number:51
Sacks: 43.5
Interceptions: 17
Touchdowns: 3
Honors
Monte Coleman made “the all Madden Team” in 1993.
He selected by Washingtonian Magazine as the Washingtonian of the Year Award in 1996.
Coleman was inducted to the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1998.
In 2003, he was named one of the 70 Greatest Redskins.
Won 2007 Elijah Pitts Award (named after the Conway, Arkansas, native and Green Bay Packer legend) for Conway athletic lifetime achievement.
Enshrined to the Washington Redskins Ring of Fame on December 20, 2015.
Coaching career
Coleman was employed at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff as a linebacker coach and team chaplain. On November 26, 2007, Coleman was named head football coach at the university. On December 8, 2012, Coleman coached the Arkansas–Pine Bluff to a Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) conference championship by defeating Jackson State, 24–21, in the SWAC Championship Game at Birmingham, Alabama.
Personal life
Coleman currently lives in Pine Bluff, Arkansas with his wife, Yvette, and their three children. His son, Kyle Coleman, played for the Los Angeles Chargers.
Head coaching record
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football coaches
Central Arkansas Bears football players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Coaches of American football from Arkansas
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Coleman |
Rolandas Džiaukštas (born 1 April 1978) is a Lithuanian professional football coach and a former player.
International career
Džiaukštas made 40 appearances for the Lithuania national football team from 1998 to 2007.
Personal
He stands 1.86 m tall and weighs 80 kg.
References
1978 births
Living people
Lithuanian men's footballers
Lithuania men's international footballers
FC Leon Saturn Ramenskoye players
Russian Premier League players
Lithuanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
FC Baltika Kaliningrad players
FC Moscow players
FK Žalgiris players
Men's association football defenders
Lithuanian football managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolandas%20D%C5%BEiauk%C5%A1tas |
Girrawheen was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1996 to 2021.
The district was based in Perth's northern suburbs. Politically, it was a safe Labor seat.
Geography
Girrawheen was located in Perth's northern suburbs. It was bounded to the west by the Mitchell Freeway, to the south by the Reid Highway and to the east by Mirrabooka Avenue. Its northernmost boundary was Hepburn Avenue. The district included the suburbs of Girrawheen, Marangaroo, Balga, Warwick and a large section of Hamersley.
History
Girrawheen was first created for the 1996 state election. It largely replaced the abolished district of Marangaroo. Subsequently, it was replaced by Landsdale in time for the 2021 state election.
Members for Girrawheen
Election results
References
External links
ABC election profiles: 2005 2008
WAEC district maps: 1996–2005 2005–2008 2008–
Girrawheen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Girrawheen |
The Gyeongho River is a river in western Gyeongsangnam-do in southern South Korea. It rises on the eastern slopes of Jirisan and flows around the edge of Jirisan National Park, joining the Deokcheon River at Jinyang Lake. Thereafter it drains into the Nam River, and then into the Nakdong River, which carries its waters into the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
The Gyeongho River is thus named because it is said its 'water is as clear as a mirror'. The river's clarity and spectacular scenery of the areas through which it passes prompted poets, writers and artists to record the river's beauty in verse and on canvas.
The Gyeongho River also draws adventure-seekers. It is wide, with few boulders, making it a wonderful river for rafting. It has even been touted as the only river with rafting opportunity south of the Han River.
Numerous rare species can be found in and near the Gyeongho River, including the endangered European otter.
See also
List of rivers
References
Rivers of South Gyeongsang Province
Rivers of South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongho%20River |
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