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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Darby | Sarah C. Darby is Professor of Medical Statistics at the University of Oxford. Her research has focused the beneficial effects of smoking cessation, the risk of lung cancer from residential radon, and treatments for early breast cancer. She is also a Principal Scientist with the Cancer Research UK in the Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU) and Epidemiological Studies Unit at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.
Education
Darby studied Mathematics at Imperial College London (BSc) and Mathematical Statistics at the University of Birmingham (MSc). She completed her PhD at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1977 where her research investigated Bayesian approaches to analysing bioassays.
Career and research
After her PhD, she worked at St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, the National Radiological Protection Board, and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima, before moving to the University of Oxford in 1984. Her major funder since then has been Cancer Research UK.
Darby and her team have demonstrated that there is a linear relationship between the dose of radiation delivered incidentally to the heart during breast cancer radiotherapy and the subsequent risk of ischaemic heart disease, and that the absolute size of the radiation-related risk is bigger for women already at increased risk of heart disease.
She and her team have also estimated the absolute size of the benefit of radiotherapy to breast |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urquhart%20Priory | Urquhart Priory was a Benedictine monastic community in Moray; the priory was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It was founded by King David I of Scotland in 1136 as a cell of Dunfermline Abbey in the aftermath of the defeat of King Óengus of Moray. It remained a dependency of Dunfermline.
In 1453, John Bonally, the Prior of Urquhart formally requested from the Pope that his monastery and Pluscarden be merged. At that time, Urquhart had only two monks and Pluscarden had six. A papal bull was issued by Nicholas V on 12 March 1453 joining the priories and from then on Pluscarden became a daughter house of the Benedictine Dunfermline Abbey. Pluscarden was chosen over Urquhart for the priory location as the buildings were larger and thought easier to restore and Bonally was appointed as its first Benedictine prior.
The site was abandoned; there are no surface remains of the priory, although stones are occasionally ploughed up.
See also
Prior of Urquhart, for a list of priors and commendators
References
Bibliography
Cowan, Ian B. & Easson, David E., Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland With an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man, Second Edition, (London, 1976), p. 61
Watt, D.E.R. & Shead, N.F. (eds.), The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries, The Scottish Records Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001), pp. 213–16
Listed monasteries in Scotland
Benedictine monasteries in Scotland
Christian monasteries established in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch%20valve | A pinch valve is a full bore or fully ported type of control valve which uses a pinching effect to obstruct fluid flow.
Operating principle
Pinch valves employ an elastic tubing (sleeve/hose) and a device that directly contacts the tubing (body). Forcing the tubing together will create a seal that is equivalent to the tubing's permeability.
Air-operated pinch valves consist of an elasticised reinforced rubber hose, a type of housing, and two socket end covers (or flanges).
In air-operated pinch valves, the rubber hoses are usually press-fitted and centered into the housing ends by the socket covers. There is no additional actuator, the valve closes as soon as there is a pressurized air supply into the body. When the air supply becomes interrupted and the volume of air exhausts, the elastic rubber hose starts to open due to the force of the process flow.
Fields of application
Pinch valves are typically used in applications where the media needs to be completely isolated from any internal valve parts. The sleeve will contain the flow media and isolate it from the environment hence reducing contamination.
They are commonly applied to medical instruments, clinical or chemical analyzers, and a wide range of laboratory equipment.
Pinch valves are also used for slurries or processes with entrained solids, because the flexible rubber sleeve closes droptight around solids. This avoids entrapment by the seat or in crevices, which would happen if using globe, diaphragm, butterf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltotriose | Maltotriose is a trisaccharide (three-part sugar) consisting of three glucose molecules linked with α-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
It is most commonly produced by the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase (a common enzyme in human saliva) on amylose in starch. The creation of both maltotriose and maltose during this process is due to the random manner in which alpha amylase hydrolyses α-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
It is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as maltodextrin.
References
Trisaccharides
Sugars |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schur%E2%80%93Zassenhaus%20theorem | The Schur–Zassenhaus theorem is a theorem in group theory which states that if is a finite group, and is a normal subgroup whose order is coprime to the order of the quotient group , then is a semidirect product (or split extension) of and . An alternative statement of the theorem is that any normal Hall subgroup of a finite group has a complement in . Moreover if either or is solvable then the Schur–Zassenhaus theorem also states that all complements of in are conjugate. The assumption that either or is solvable can be dropped as it is always satisfied, but all known proofs of this require the use of the much harder Feit–Thompson theorem.
The Schur–Zassenhaus theorem at least partially answers the question: "In a composition series, how can we classify groups with a certain set of composition factors?" The other part, which is where the composition factors do not have coprime orders, is tackled in extension theory.
History
The Schur–Zassenhaus theorem was introduced by . Theorem 25, which he credits to Issai Schur, proves the existence of a complement, and theorem 27 proves that all complements are conjugate under the assumption that or is solvable. It is not easy to find an explicit statement of the existence of a complement in Schur's published works, though the results of on the Schur multiplier imply the existence of a complement in the special case when the normal subgroup is in the center. Zassenhaus pointed out that the Schur–Zassenhaus theorem fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20Engine%20Strategies | Search Engine Strategies (SES) is a conference series focused on search engine marketing and search engine optimization.
History
The conference was created by Danny Sullivan, founder and former lead editor of Search Engine Watch. The first SES conference was on November 18, 1999 in San Francisco, California and marked the first formal occasion that site owners had met with search engines.
The conference expanded internationally in 2000 when the first SES UK was held in London, England on April 27, 2000, followed by Denmark in 2001, Germany in 2002, and France, Sweden, Canada, Italy and China until 2006. The growth of the industry caused the creation of special niche SES Conferences such as SES Multimedia & Mobile Edition and SES Latino. Where SES Latino 2006 and 2007 was moderated by conference chair Nacho Hernandez.
Incisive Media purchased Search Engine Watch from MecklerMedia (now Jupitermedia) for $43 million in 2005 that year.
Just over a year after the purchase, Sullivan announced his resignation from guiding the series on August 29, 2006 after a contract dispute but later agreed to run two further shows in the US and speak at a third during 2007.
In 2015, Incisive Media sold SES, Search Engine Watch, and ClickZ to Blenheim Chalcot.
"Google Dance"
One of the highlights of the Search Engine Strategies San Jose event, is the party at Google headquarters in Mountain View, CA (Googleplex), dubbed "Google Dance".
See also
Search engine optimization
Social media opti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20MG13 |
British NVC community MG13 (Agrostis stolonifera - Alopecurus geniculatus grassland) is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three types of mesotrophic grassland classified as grass-dominated inundation communities.
This community is widely distributed. There are no subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera)
Marsh Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus)
No rare species are associated with this community.
Distribution
This community is widely distributed throughout the British lowlands, with the most extensive stands in eastern England.
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1992) British Plant Communities Volume 3 - Grasslands and montane communities (hardback), (paperback)
MG13 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20MG10 |
British NVC community MG10 (Holcus lanatus – Juncus effusus rush-pasture) is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three communities associated with poorly drained permanent pastures.
It is a widespread community throughout the British lowlands. There are three subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera)
Yorkshire-fog (Holcus lanatus)
Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)
Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens)
No rare species are associated with this community.
Distribution
This community is widespread in England and Wales; in Scotland it is more localised, being found only in the south and east.
Subcommunities
There are three subcommunities:
the so-called typical subcommunity
the Juncus inflexus subcommunity
the Iris pseudoacorus subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1992) British Plant Communities Volume 3 – Grasslands and montane communities (hardback), (paperback)
MG10 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Henderson%20%28economist%29 | Patrick David Henderson (10 April 1927 – 30 September 2018) was a British economist. He was the chief economist at the Economics and Statistics Department at the OECD during 1984–1992. Before that he worked as an academic economist in Britain, first at Oxford (Fellow of Lincoln College) and later at University College London (Professor of Economics, 1975–1983); as a British civil servant (first as an Economic Advisor in HM Treasury, and later as Chief Economist in the Ministry of Aviation); and as a staff member of the World Bank (1969–1975). In 1985 he gave the BBC Reith Lectures, which were published in the book Innocence and Design: The Influence of Economic Ideas on Policy (Blackwell, 1986).
After leaving the OECD, Henderson was an independent author and consultant, and acted as Visiting Fellow or Professor at the OECD Development Centre (Paris), the Centre for European Policy Studies (Brussels), Monash University, the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, the University of Melbourne, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the New Zealand Business Roundtable, the Melbourne Business School, and Westminster Business School. Subsequently he was a Fellow of the Institute of Economic Affairs.
In 1992, Henderson was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Companion (CMG).
Henderson has published books that strongly criticize "corporate social responsibility" (see §Books, below).
Henderson and Nigel Lawson appealed to then-Prime Minister Ton |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrin | Nephrin is a protein necessary for the proper functioning of the renal filtration barrier. The renal filtration barrier consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes of epithelial cells. Nephrin is a transmembrane protein that is a structural component of the slit diaphragm. They are present on the tips of the podocytes as an intricate mesh and convey strong negative charges which repel protein from crossing into the Bowman's space.
A defect in the gene for nephrin, NPHS1, is associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type and causes massive amounts of protein to be leaked into the urine, or proteinuria. Nephrin is also required for cardiovascular development.
Interactions
Nephrin has been shown to interact with:
CASK,
CD2AP,
CDH3 and
CTNND1,
FYN,
KIRREL, and
NPHS2.
See also
Podocyte
References
Further reading
External links
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular%20basement%20membrane | The glomerular basement membrane of the kidney is the basal lamina layer of the glomerulus. The glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerulus, separating the blood in the capillaries from the filtrate that forms in Bowman's capsule. The glomerular basement membrane is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas, and is the main site of restriction of water flow. Glomerular basement membrane is secreted and maintained by podocyte cells.
Layers
The glomerular basement membrane contains three layers:
The glomerular membrane consists of mesangial cells, modified pericytes that in other parts of the body separate capillaries from each other. The podocytes adjoining them have filtration slits of diameter 25 nm that are formed by the pseudopodia arising from them. The filtration slits are covered by a diaphragm that includes the transmembrane protein nephrin.
Pathology
Goodpasture's syndrome is also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Capillaries become inflamed as a result of damage to the basement membrane by antibodies to alpha 3 NC1 domain of type IV collagen.
Nephrotic syndrome is a change in the structure of the glomerular filtration mechanism usually in the glomerular basement membrane. Some symptoms include proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, and hyperlipidemia.
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a thickening of the basement |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA%20Cup%20Winners%27%20Cup%20records%20and%20statistics | Below are tables of the clubs that have won the Cup Winners' Cup.
Performances
By club
By nation
By manager
Four managers hold the record of winning the competition on two occasions:
Nereo Rocco: 1968 and 1973 (Milan)
Valeriy Lobanovskyi in 1975 and 1986 (Dynamo Kyiv)
Johan Cruyff: 1987 (Ajax) and 1989 (Barcelona)
Alex Ferguson: 1983 (Aberdeen) and 1991 (Manchester United)
By player
Most UEFA Cup Winners' Cup titles: Lobo Carrasco (3)
FC Barcelona (3): (1978–79, 1981–82, 1988–89)
Clubs
By number of appearances
(Years marked in bold denote Cups won by the respective club)
By semi-final appearances
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Club
!No.
!Years
|-
| Barcelona||align="center"|6||1969, 1979, 1982, 1989, 1991, 1997
|-
| Atlético Madrid||align="center"|5||1962, 1963, 1977, 1986, 1993
|-
| Chelsea||align="center"|4||1971, 1995, 1998, 1999
|-
| Anderlecht||align="center"|4||1976, 1977, 1978, 1990
|-
| Bayern Munich||align="center"|4||1967, 1968, 1972, 1985
|-
| Paris Saint-Germain||align="center"|3||1994, 1996, 1997
|-
| Fiorentina||align="center"|3||1961, 1962, 1997
|-
| Feyenoord||align="center"|3||1981, 1992, 1996
|-
| Arsenal||align="center"|3||1980, 1994, 1995
|-
| Sampdoria||align="center"|3||1989, 1990, 1995
|-
| Zaragoza||align="center"|3||1965, 1987, 1995|-
| Juventus||align="center"|3||1980, 1984, 1991
|-
| Dynamo Moscow||align="center"|3||1972, 1978, 1985
|-
| West Ham United||align="center"|3||1965, 1966, 1976|-
| Milan||align="center"|3||1968, 1973, 19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalloped%20hammerhead | The scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) is a species of hammerhead shark in the family Sphyrnidae. It was originally known as Zygaena lewini. The Greek word sphyrna translates into "hammer" in English, referring to the shape of this shark's head, which is its most distinguishing characteristic. The shark's eyes and nostrils are at the tips of the extensions. It is a fairly large hammerhead, but is still smaller than both the great and smooth hammerheads.
This shark is also known as the bronze, kinky-headed, or southern hammerhead. It primarily lives in warm, temperate, and tropical coastal waters all around the globe between latitudes 46°N and 36°S, down to a depth of . It is the most common of all hammerheads.
Taxonomy
The scalloped hammerhead was first named Zygaena lewini and then renamed Sphyrna lewini by Edward Griffith and Hamilton Smith in 1834. It has also been named Cestracion leeuwenii by Day in 1865, Zygaena erythraea by Klunzinger in 1871, Cestracion oceanica by Garman in 1913, and Sphyrna diplana by Springer in 1941. Sphyrna comes from the Greek and translates to hammer.
It is a sister species to Sphyrna gilberti, differing by the number of vertebrae. Though once considered a distinct species, McEachran and Serret synonymized Sphyrna couardi with Sphyrna lewini in 1986. These sharks are classified as ground sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes.
Description
The scalloped hammerhead is easily distinguished from other hammerhead sharks by the central indent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20state%20analog | Transition state analogs (transition state analogues), are chemical compounds with a chemical structure that resembles the transition state of a substrate molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Enzymes interact with a substrate by means of strain or distortions, moving the substrate towards the transition state. Transition state analogs can be used as inhibitors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions by blocking the active site of the enzyme. Theory suggests that enzyme inhibitors which resembled the transition state structure would bind more tightly to the enzyme than the actual substrate. Examples of drugs that are transition state analog inhibitors include flu medications such as the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir and the HIV protease inhibitors saquinavir in the treatment of AIDS.
Transition state analogue
The transition state of a structure can best be described in regards to statistical mechanics where the energies of bonds breaking and forming have an equal probability of moving from the transition state backwards to the reactants or forward to the products. In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the overall activation energy of the reaction is lowered when an enzyme stabilizes a high energy transition state intermediate. Transition state analogs mimic this high energy intermediate but do not undergo a catalyzed chemical reaction and can therefore bind much stronger to an enzyme than simple substrate or product analogs.
Designing transition state analogue
To desi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igusa%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, an Igusa zeta function is a type of generating function, counting the number of solutions of an equation, modulo p, p2, p3, and so on.
Definition
For a prime number p let K be a p-adic field, i.e. , R the valuation ring and P the maximal ideal. For we denote by the valuation of z, , and for a uniformizing parameter π of R.
Furthermore let be a Schwartz–Bruhat function, i.e. a locally constant function with compact support and let be a character of .
In this situation one associates to a non-constant polynomial the Igusa zeta function
where and dx is Haar measure so normalized that has measure 1.
Igusa's theorem
showed that is a rational function in . The proof uses Heisuke Hironaka's theorem about the resolution of singularities. Later, an entirely different proof was given by Jan Denef using p-adic cell decomposition. Little is known, however, about explicit formulas. (There are some results about Igusa zeta functions of Fermat varieties.)
Congruences modulo powers of
Henceforth we take to be the characteristic function of and to be the trivial character. Let denote the number of solutions of the congruence
.
Then the Igusa zeta function
is closely related to the Poincaré series
by
References
Information for this article was taken from J. Denef, Report on Igusa's Local Zeta Function, Séminaire Bourbaki 43 (1990-1991), exp. 741; Astérisque 201-202-203 (1991), 359-386
Zeta and L-functions
Diophantine geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller%20hockey%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Squads%20and%20statistics | Below are listed the squad constitutions for every nation which presented a team to the roller hockey competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Along with the rosters are also displayed total statistics per player and some general competition statistics.
Angola
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Germany
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
21
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Portugal
Spain
Switzerland
United States
General statistics
Players
Top scorers:
– 32
– 24
– 15
Shots:
– 229
– 153
– 146
Efficiency (% goals):
– 30
– 22 (5 goals)
– 22 (5 goals)
Teams
Top scorers:
– 83
– 78
– 70
Shots:
– 729
– 684
– 582
Efficiency (% goals):
– 13
– 11
– 10
Assists:
– 30
– 28
– 21
Steals:
– 250
– 226
– 207
Turnovers:
– 261
– 250
– 239
Fouls:
– 364
– 357
– 334
Others
Most goals in a match – 38 (Japan 0–38 Portugal)
Most goals by a player in a match – 16 → (Japan 0–38 Portugal)
Most goals by a team in a match – 38 (Japan 0–38 Portugal)
Biggest goal difference in a match – 38 (Japan 0–38 Portugal)
See also
Roller hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics - Preliminary round
Roller hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics - Semi-finals
References
Roller hockey at the 1992 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFD | EFD may refer to:
EFD (eFunds Corporation), an American payments service company
EF Education First–Drapac p/b Cannondale, an American professional cycling team
Electro-fluid-dynamics
Electrofluidic display technology
Ellington Field, an airport in Texas
Enterprise flash drive
Entertainment Film Distributors, a British distributor of independent films
Europe of Freedom and Democracy, a political group in the European Parliament
European Foundation for Democracy
Federal Department of Finance (German: ), of Switzerland
Elite Football Women (Elitfotboll Dam)
Enterprise function diagrams, in functional software architecture
Executive Function Disorder, alternative nomenclature for ADD/ADHD |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyglutamylation | Polyglutamylation is a form of reversible posttranslational modification of glutamate residues seen for example in alpha and beta tubulins, nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1 and NAP2. The γ-carboxy group of glutamate may form peptide-like bond with the amino group of a free glutamate whose α-carboxy group can now be extended into a polyglutamate chain. The glutamylation is done by the enzyme glutamylase and removed by deglutamylase.
Polyglutamylation of chain length of up to six occurs in certain glutamate residues near the C terminus of most major forms of tubulins. These residues, though themselves not involved in direct binding, cause conformational shifts that regulate binding of microtubule associated proteins (MAP and Tau) and motors.
External links
The role of tubulin polymodifications in microtubule functions
References
Post-translational modification
Protein structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20MG1 |
British NVC community MG1, Arrhenatherum elatius grassland, is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. This type of plant community was named in 1919 as Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl.. It is a very widespread community throughout the British lowlands of England, Wales and southern and eastern Scotland.
The following constant species are found in this community:
False oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius)
Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata)
One rare species, Nottingham catchfly (Silene nutans), is associated with this community.
Subcommunities
There are five subcommunities, and two of these have been further subdivided into a number of variants:
the Festuca rubra subcommunity, subdivided into:
a Centaurea scabiosa variant
a Geranium pratense variant
a Bromus sterilis variant
a Myrrhis odorata variant
an Epilobium angustifolium variant
the Urtica dioica subcommunity, subdivided into:
a Papaver rhoeas variant
an Artemisia vulgaris variant
an Epilobium hirsutum variant
the Filipendula ulmaria subcommunity
the Pastinaca sativa subcommunity
the Centaurea nigra subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1992) British Plant Communities Volume 3 - Grasslands and montane communities (hardback), (paperback)
MG01 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulon | In molecular genetics, a regulon is a group of genes that are regulated as a unit, generally controlled by the same regulatory gene that expresses a protein acting as a repressor or activator. This terminology is generally, although not exclusively, used in reference to prokaryotes, whose genomes are often organized into operons; the genes contained within a regulon are usually organized into more than one operon at disparate locations on the chromosome. Applied to eukaryotes, the term refers to any group of non-contiguous genes controlled by the same regulatory gene.
A modulon is a set of regulons or operons that are collectively regulated in response to changes in overall conditions or stresses, but may be under the control of different or overlapping regulatory molecules. The term stimulon is sometimes used to refer to the set of genes whose expression responds to specific environmental stimuli.
Examples
Commonly studied regulons in bacteria are those involved in response to stress such as heat shock. The heat shock response in E. coli is regulated by the sigma factor
σ32 (RpoH), whose regulon has been characterized as containing at least 89 open reading frames.
Regulons involving virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria are of particular research interest; an often-studied example is the phosphate regulon in E. coli, which couples phosphate homeostasis to pathogenicity through a two-component system. Regulons can sometimes be pathogenicity islands.
The Ada regulon i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoplast | A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. Kinetoplasts are only found in Excavata of the class Kinetoplastida. The variation in the structures of kinetoplasts may reflect phylogenic relationships between kinetoplastids. A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the organism's flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is bound to some components of the cytoskeleton. In Trypanosoma brucei this cytoskeletal connection is called the tripartite attachment complex and includes the protein p166.
Trypanosoma
In trypanosomes, a group of flagellated protozoans, the kinetoplast exists as a dense granule of DNA within the mitochondrion. Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite which causes African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness), is an example of a trypanosome with a kinetoplast. Its kinetoplast is easily visible in samples stained with DAPI, a fluorescent DNA stain, or by the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with BrdU, a thymidine analogue.
Structure
The kinetoplast contains circular DNA in two forms, maxicircles and minicircles. Maxicircles are between 20 and 40kb in size and there are a few dozen per kinetoplast. There are several thousand minicircles per kinetoplast and they are between 0.5 and 1kb in size. Maxicircles encode the typical protein products needed for the mitochondr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide%20sequence%20tag | A peptide sequence tag is a piece of information about a peptide obtained by tandem mass spectrometry that can be used to identify this peptide in a protein database.
Mass spectrometry
In general, peptides can be identified by fragmenting them in a mass spectrometer. For example, during collision-induced dissociation peptides collide with a gas within the mass spectrometer and break into pieces at their peptide bonds. The resulting fragment ions (called b-ions and y-ions) have mass differences corresponding to the residue masses of the respective amino acids. Thus, a tandem mass spectrum contains partial information about the amino acid sequence of the peptide. The peptide sequence tag approach, developed by Matthias Wilm and Matthias Mann at the EMBL, uses this information to identify the peptide in a database. Briefly, a couple of masses are extracted from the spectrum in order to obtain the peptide sequence tag. This peptide sequence tag is a unique identifier of a specific peptide and can be used to find it in a database containing all possible peptide sequences.
Peptide fragment notation
A notation has been developed for indicating peptide fragments that arise from a tandem mass spectrum. Peptide fragment ions are indicated by a, b, or c if the charge is retained on the N-terminus and by x, y or z if the charge is maintained on the C-terminus. The subscript indicates the number of amino acid residues in the fragment. Prime symbols indicate the number of protons or hyd |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20Theory | Zero Theory, Zero Theorem, Zero Conjecture, Zero Law or similar, may mean:
X&Y, Coldplay's third album, once rumoured to be titled Zero Theory
The Zero Theorem, a science fiction film directed by Terry Gilliam
See also
List of zero terms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20glial%20cell | Satellite glial cells, formerly called amphicytes, are glial cells that cover the surface of neuron cell bodies in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Thus, they are found in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. Both satellite glial cells (SGCs) and Schwann cells (the cells that ensheathe some nerve fibers in the PNS) are derived from the neural crest of the embryo during development. SGCs have been found to play a variety of roles, including control over the microenvironment of sympathetic ganglia. They are thought to have a similar role to astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and also have some structural function. Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells. Additionally, they express a variety of receptors that allow for a range of interactions with neuroactive chemicals. Many of these receptors and other ion channels have recently been implicated in health issues including chronic pain and herpes simplex. There is much more to be learned about these cells, and research surrounding additional properties and roles of the SGCs is ongoing.
Structure
Satellite glial cells are a type of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, specifically in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. They compose the thin cellular sheaths that surround the individual neurons in these ganglia.
In a SGC, the cell body is denoted by the region containing the single, relatively large nuc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20H4 |
NVC community H4 (Ulex gallii - Agrostis curtisii heath) is one of the heath communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three communities which are considered transitional between the lowland dry heaths and the wetter communities classified in the NVC as mires.
It is a relatively localised community. There are four subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)
Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix)
Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta)
Western Gorse (Ulex gallii)
The following rare species are associated with the community:
Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii)
Soft-leaved Sedge (Carex montana)
Dorset Heath (Erica ciliaris)
Cornish Heath (Erica vagans)
Distribution
This community is confined to southwest England, from Dorset and Somerset westwards, and the southern coastal region of Wales.
Subcommunities
There are four subcommunities:
the Agrostis curtisii - Erica cinerea subcommunity
the Festuca ovina subcommunity
the Erica tetralix subcommunity
the Scirpus cespitosus subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 2 - Mires and heaths (hardback), (paperback)
H04 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20M3 |
NVC community M3 (Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community) is one of the mire plant communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.
It is a localised community of northern Britain. There are no subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species is found in this community:
Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium)
No rare species are associated with the community.
Distribution
This community is found in various locations in northern England, on Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, and in a site in Wales.
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 2 - Mires and heaths (hardback), (paperback)
M03
Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community
angustifolium, NVC |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-project%20wafer%20service | Multi-project chip (MPC), and multi-project wafer (MPW) semiconductor manufacturing arrangements allow customers to share mask and microelectronics wafer fabrication cost between several designs or projects.
With the MPC arrangement, one chip is a combination of several designs and this combined chip is then repeated all over the wafer during the manufacturing. MPC arrangement produces typically roughly equal number of chip designs per wafer.
With the MPW arrangement, different chip designs are aggregated on a wafer, with perhaps a different number of designs/projects per wafer. This is made possible with novel mask making and exposure systems in photolithography during IC manufacturing. MPW builds upon the older MPC procedures and enables more effective support for different phases and needs of manufacturing volumes of different designs/projects. MPW arrangement support education, research of new circuit architectures and structures, prototyping and even small volume production.
Worldwide, several MPW services are available from companies, semiconductor foundries and from government-supported institutions. Originally both MPC and MPW arrangements were introduced for integrated circuit (IC) education and research; some MPC/MPW services/gateways are aimed for non-commercial use only. Currently MPC/MPW services are effectively used for system on a chip integration. Selecting the right service platform at the prototyping phase ensures gradual scaling up production via MPW ser |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunica%20externa | The tunica externa (Neo-Latin "outer coat"), also known as the tunica adventitia (Neo-Latin "additional coat"), is the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen and, in arteries, is supported by external elastic lamina. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability.
The three layers of the blood vessels are: an inner tunica intima, a middle tunica media, and an outer Tunica externa.
Structure
The tunica externa is made from collagen and elastic fibers in a loose connective tissue. This is secreted by fibroblasts. This is normally the thickest tunic in veins and may be thicker than the tunica media in some larger arteries. The outer layers of the tunica externa are not distinct but rather blend with the surrounding connective tissue outside the vessel, helping to hold the vessel in relative position.
Function
The tunica externa provides basic structural support to blood vessels. It prevents vessels from expanding too much from internal blood pressure, particularly arteries. It is also relevant in controlling vascular flow in the lungs.
Clinical significance
A common pathological disorder concerning the tunica externa is scurvy, also known as vitamin C deficiency. Scurvy occurs because vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, and without it, the faulty collagen cannot maintain the vein walls and rupture, leading to a multitude of problems.
Additional imag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric%20chief%20cell | A gastric chief cell (or peptic cell, or gastric zymogenic cell) is a type of gastric gland cell that releases pepsinogen and gastric lipase. It is the cell responsible for secretion of chymosin in ruminant animals and humans. The cell stains basophilic upon H&E staining due to the large proportion of rough endoplasmic reticulum in its cytoplasm. Gastric chief cells are generally located deep in the mucosal layer of the stomach lining, in the fundus and body of the stomach.
Chief cells release the zymogen (enzyme precursor) pepsinogen when stimulated by a variety of factors including cholinergic activity from the vagus nerve and acidic condition in the stomach. Gastrin and secretin may also act as secretagogues.
It works in conjunction with the parietal cell, which releases gastric acid, converting the pepsinogen into pepsin.
Nomenclature
The terms chief cell and zymogenic cell are often used without the word "gastric" to name this type of cell. However, those terms can also be used to describe other cell types (for example, parathyroid chief cells). Chief cells are also known as peptic cells.
See also
Gastric acid
Fundic glands
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
External links
- "Ultrastructure of the Cell: chief cells and enteroendocrine cell"
- "Digestive System: Alimentary Canal: fundic stomach, gastric glands, base"
Peptide hormone secreting cells
Human cells
Chief cell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20signalling%20in%20heart%20development | The heart is the first functional organ in a vertebrate embryo. There are 5 stages to heart development.
Stages of heart development
Initiation
Specification of cardiac precursor cells: The lateral plate mesoderm delaminates to form two layers: the dorsal somatic (parietal) mesoderm and the ventral splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm. The heart precursor cells come from the two regions of the splanchnic mesoderm called the cardiogenic mesoderm. These cells can differentiate into endocardium which lines the heart chamber and valves and the myocardium which forms the musculature of the ventricles and the atria.
The heart cells are specified in anterior mesoderm by proteins such as Dickkopf-related protein 1, Nodal homolog, and Cerberus secreted by the anterior endoderm. Whether Dickkopf-1 and Nodal act directly on the cardiac mesoderm is the subject of research, but it seems that at least they act indirectly by stimulating the production of additional factors from the anterior endoderm. These early signals are essential for heart formation such that removal of the anterior endoderm blocks heart formation. Anterior endoderm is also sufficient to stimulate heart differientation since it can induce non-cardiogenic mesoderm from more posterior positions in the embryo to form heart.
The secretion of Wnt inhibitors (such as Cerberus, Dickkopf and Crescent) by the anterior endoderm also prevents Wnt3a and Wnt8 secreted by the neural tube from inhibiting heart formation. The notocho |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20S.%20Wilks | Samuel Stanley Wilks (June 17, 1906 – March 7, 1964) was an American mathematician and academic who played an important role in the development of mathematical statistics, especially in regard to practical applications.
Early life and education
Wilks was born in Little Elm, Texas and raised on a farm. He studied Industrial Arts at the North Texas State Teachers College in Denton, Texas, obtaining his bachelor's degree in 1926. He received his master's degree in mathematics in 1928 from the University of Texas. He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Iowa under Everett F. Lindquist; his thesis dealt with a problem of statistical measurement in education, and was published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.
Career
Wilks became an instructor in mathematics at Princeton University in 1933; in 1938 he assumed the editorship of the journal Annals of Mathematical Statistics in place of Harry C. Carver. Wilks assembled an advisory board for the journal that included major figures in statistics and probability, among them Ronald Fisher, Jerzy Neyman, and Egon Pearson.
During World War II he was a consultant with the Office of Naval Research. Both during and after the War he had a profound impact on the application of statistical methods to all aspects of military planning.
Wilks was named professor of mathematics and director of the Section of Mathematical Statistics at Princeton in 1944, and became chairman of the Division of Mathematics at the university in 1958.
W |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20AC%20Milan%20records%20and%20statistics | Associazione Calcio Milan are an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy. The club was founded as Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club in 1899 and has competed in the Italian football league since the following year. Milan currently play in Serie A, the top tier of Italian football. They have been out of the top tier in only two seasons since the establishment of the Serie A as the single division top tier. They have also been involved in European football ever since they became the first Italian club to enter the European Cup in 1955.
This list encompasses the major honours won by Milan, records set by the club, its managers and its players. The player records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions. It also records notable achievements by Milan players on the international stage.
The club currently has the record for the second most Italian top-flight titles (Scudetti) with 19, tied with cross-city rivals Inter Milan and behind Juventus' 36. They also hold the record for the most European Cup victories by an Italian team, winning the competition seven times. Furthermore, in the 1991–92 season Milan became the first team to win the Serie A title without losing a single game. The club's record appearance maker is Paolo Maldini, who has made 902 official appearances between 1985 and 2009. Gunnar Nordahl is the club's record goalscorer, scoring 221 goals during his Milan car |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Waldmann | Ludwig Waldmann (June 8, 1913 in Fürth – February 9, 1980) was a German physicist who specialized in transport phenomena in gases. He derived the Waldmann-Snider equation.
Career
Waldmann completed his Ph.D. under Arnold Sommerfeld at the University of Munich in 1938. He was Sommerfeld’s assistant, at the Institute of Theoretical Physics, from 1937 to 1939. Waldman had been the scribe for Sommerfeld’s optics course in 1934, and Waldmann’s careful record of the lectures were the basis for Sommerfeld’s book Optics - Lectures on Theoretical Physics Volume IV.
After being granted his Ph.D. in 1938, his career spanned four decades with many publications to his name (at least 99):
1939–1943: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Munich
1943–1954: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft and the Max-Planck Institute (MPI) for Chemistry (In 1948 the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft facilities were named after Max Planck.)
1943–1944: in Berlin
1944–1949: in Tailfingen
1949–1954: in Mainz
1954–1963: Fellow (wissenschaftliches Mitglied) of MPI, Mainz
1963–1978: Chair for Theoretical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
1964/1965 Academic Year: Visiting professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota
1974: Molecular Physics Group, University of Leiden
1978: Retired
Waldmann, for many years, was the chairman of the Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics section of the German Physical Society. He was also a corresponding member of the International Union of Pure and Applied Phy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Geographical%20Scheme%20for%20Recording%20Plant%20Distributions | The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) is a biogeographical system developed by the international Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) organization, formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in botanical databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the world's heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording plant distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The codes may be referred to as TDWG geographical codes. Current users of the system include the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), and Plants of the World Online (POWO).
Principles of organization
The scheme is one of a number developed by Biodiversity Information Standards particularly aimed at taxonomic databases. The starting point was the "need for an agreed system of geographical units at approximately 'country' level and upwards for use in recording plant distributions". The scheme represents a compromise between political and botanical divisions. All boundaries either follow a political boundary (country boundary, province boundary, etc.), or coastlines. The scheme also aims to follow botanical tradition, in terms of the dist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscularis | Muscularis may refer to:
Muscularis mucosae
Muscularis externa or muscular layer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumphene | Triumphene is a fluorinated and phenylated fullerene derivative. It was first synthesized in 1998 by Boltalina, Street, and Taylor by reaction of C60F18 in a benzene-FeCl3 solution for two weeks at room temperature. It is the first trefoil-shaped phenylated [60]fullerene, providing a unique scaffold for the potential use in nanoscale imaging agents.
References
Organofluorides
Substances discovered in the 1990s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoretzky%E2%80%93Kiefer%E2%80%93Wolfowitz%20inequality | In the theory of probability and statistics, the Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz–Massart inequality (DKW inequality) bounds how close an empirically determined distribution function will be to the distribution function from which the empirical samples are drawn. It is named after Aryeh Dvoretzky, Jack Kiefer, and Jacob Wolfowitz, who in 1956 proved the inequality
with an unspecified multiplicative constant C in front of the exponent on the right-hand side.
In 1990, Pascal Massart proved the inequality with the sharp constant C = 2, confirming a conjecture due to Birnbaum and McCarty. In 2021, Michael Naaman proved the multivariate version of the DKW inequality and generalized Massart's tightness result to the multivariate case, which results in a sharp constant of twice the dimension k of the space in which the observations are found: C = 2k.
The DKW inequality
Given a natural number n, let X1, X2, …, Xn be real-valued independent and identically distributed random variables with cumulative distribution function F(·). Let Fn denote the associated empirical distribution function defined by
so is the probability that a single random variable is smaller than , and is the fraction of random variables that are smaller than .
The Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality bounds the probability that the random function Fn differs from F by more than a given constant ε > 0 anywhere on the real line. More precisely, there is the one-sided estimate
which also implies a two-sided |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midkine | Midkine (MK or MDK), also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDK gene.
Midkine is a basic heparin-binding growth factor of low molecular weight, and forms a family with pleiotrophin (NEGF1, 46% homologous with MK). It is a nonglycosylated protein, composed of two domains held by disulfide bridges. It is a developmentally important retinoic acid-responsive gene product strongly induced during mid-gestation, hence the name midkine. Restricted mainly to certain tissues in the normal adult, it is strongly induced during oncogenesis, inflammation and tissue repair.
MK is pleiotropic, capable of exerting activities such as cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis and fibrinolysis. A molecular complex containing receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase zeta (PTPζ), low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP1), anaplastic leukemia kinase (ALK) and syndecans is considered to be its receptor.
Role in cancer
MK appears to enhance the angiogenic and proliferative activities of cancer cells. The expression of MK (mRNA and protein expression) has been found to be elevated in multiple cancer types, such as neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, Wilms' tumors, thyroid papillary carcinomas, colorectal, liver, ovary, bladder, breast, lung, esophageal, stomach, and prostate cancers. Serum MK in normal individuals is usually less than 0.5-0.6 ng/ml, whereas patients with these malignancies have much higher levels than this. I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoleamine%202%2C3-dioxygenase | Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or INDO ) is a heme-containing enzyme physiologically expressed in a number of tissues and cells, such as the small intestine, lungs, female genital tract or placenta. In humans is encoded by the IDO1 gene. IDO is involved in tryptophan metabolism. It is one of three enzymes that catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway, the O2-dependent oxidation of L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine, the others being indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). IDO is an important part of the immune system and plays a part in natural defense against various pathogens. It is produced by the cells in response to inflammation and has an immunosuppressive function because of its ability to limit T-cell function and engage mechanisms of immune tolerance. Emerging evidence suggests that IDO becomes activated during tumor development, helping malignant cells escape eradication by the immune system. Expression of IDO has been described in a number of types of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer or colorectal cancer. IDO is part of the malignant transformation process and plays a key role in suppressing the anti-tumor immune response in the body, so inhibiting it could increase the effect of chemotherapy as well as other immunotherapeutic protocols. Furthermore, there is data implicating a role for IDO1 in the modulation of vascular tone in conditions of inflammation via a novel pathwa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-CreI | I-CreI is a homing endonuclease whose gene was first discovered in the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a species of unicellular green algae. It is named for the facts that: it resides in an Intron; it was isolated from Clamydomonas reinhardtii; it was the first (I) such gene isolated from C. reinhardtii. Its gene resides in a group I intron in the 23S ribosomal RNA gene of the C. reinhardtii chloroplast, and I-CreI is only expressed when its mRNA is spliced from the primary transcript of the 23S gene. I-CreI enzyme, which functions as a homodimer, recognizes a 22-nucleotide sequence of duplex DNA and cleaves one phosphodiester bond on each strand at specific positions. I-CreI is a member of the LAGLIDADG family of homing endonucleases, all of which have a conserved LAGLIDADG amino acid motif that contributes to their associative domains and active sites. When the I-CreI-containing intron encounters a 23S allele lacking the intron, I-CreI enzyme "homes" in on the "intron-minus" allele of 23S and effects its parent intron's insertion into the intron-minus allele. Introns with this behavior are called mobile introns. Because I-CreI provides for its own propagation while conferring no benefit on its host, it is an example of selfish DNA.
Discovery
I-CreI was first observed as an intervening sequence in the 23S rRNA gene of the C. reinhardtii chloroplast genome. The 23S gene is an RNA gene, meaning that its transcript is not translated into protein. As RNA, it fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like%20receptor%202 | Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. TLR2 has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR2 is one of the toll-like receptors and plays a role in the immune system. TLR2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-κB.
In the intestine, TLR2 regulates the expression of CYP1A1, which is a key enzyme in detoxication of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene.
Background
The immune system recognizes foreign pathogens and eliminates them. This occurs in several phases. In the early inflammation phase, the pathogens are recognized by ant |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMA-ES | Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) is a particular kind of strategy for numerical optimization. Evolution strategies (ES) are stochastic, derivative-free methods for numerical optimization of non-linear or non-convex continuous optimization problems. They belong to the class of evolutionary algorithms and evolutionary computation. An evolutionary algorithm is broadly based on the principle of biological evolution, namely the repeated interplay of variation (via recombination and mutation) and selection: in each generation (iteration) new individuals (candidate solutions, denoted as ) are generated by variation, usually in a stochastic way, of the current parental individuals. Then, some individuals are selected to become the parents in the next generation based on their fitness or objective function value . Like this, over the generation sequence, individuals with better and better -values are generated.
In an evolution strategy, new candidate solutions are sampled according to a multivariate normal distribution in . Recombination amounts to selecting a new mean value for the distribution. Mutation amounts to adding a random vector, a perturbation with zero mean. Pairwise dependencies between the variables in the distribution are represented by a covariance matrix. The covariance matrix adaptation (CMA) is a method to update the covariance matrix of this distribution. This is particularly useful if the function is ill-conditioned.
Adaptation of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-Wishart%20distribution | In statistics, the inverse Wishart distribution, also called the inverted Wishart distribution, is a probability distribution defined on real-valued positive-definite matrices. In Bayesian statistics it is used as the conjugate prior for the covariance matrix of a
multivariate normal distribution.
We say follows an inverse Wishart distribution, denoted as , if its inverse has a Wishart distribution . Important identities have been derived for the inverse-Wishart distribution.
Density
The probability density function of the inverse Wishart is:
where and are positive definite matrices, is the determinant, and Γp(·) is the multivariate gamma function.
Theorems
Distribution of the inverse of a Wishart-distributed matrix
If and is of size , then has an inverse Wishart distribution .
Marginal and conditional distributions from an inverse Wishart-distributed matrix
Suppose has an inverse Wishart distribution. Partition the matrices and conformably with each other
where and are matrices, then we have
is independent of and , where is the Schur complement of in ;
;
, where is a matrix normal distribution;
, where ;
Conjugate distribution
Suppose we wish to make inference about a covariance matrix whose prior has a distribution. If the observations are independent p-variate Gaussian variables drawn from a distribution, then the conditional distribution has a distribution, where .
Because the prior and posterior distributions are the sa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood%20Statistics%20Service | The Neighbourhood Statistics Service (NeSS) was established in 2001 by the UK's Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the Neighbourhood Renewal Unit (NRU) - then part of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), now Communities and Local Government (CLG) - to provide good quality small area data to support the Government's Neighbourhood Renewal agenda. This cross-Government initiative also involved the co-operation and partnership of data suppliers across departments, agencies and other organisations. The ONS closed the Neighbourhood Statistics website for England and Wales on the 12 May 2017. To offset this, the ONS is aiming to meet the needs of users via the ONS website, although direct postcode searches are no longer available to users.
The Scottish Government continues to provide local statistics via Statistics.Gov.Scot and Census area profiles.
Neighbourhood statistics for Northern Ireland continue to be made available from the Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service (NINIS).
Purpose
The need for Neighbourhood Statistics can be traced back to the Social Exclusion Unit's 1998 report on deprived neighbourhoods. The absence of information about neighbourhoods produced a series of failings at all levels, with policy makers unaware of the scale and location of problems but when small area information is collected and made easily available, it can radically improve strategies and service delivery.
Resource
NeSS provided a powerful platform through |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Tabriz | Here is a complete list for notable people who lived or from Tabriz:
A
Abu'l Majd Tabrizi, compiler of Safina-yi Tabriz, writer
Ahmad Hussein Adl, Minister of Agriculture
Akbar Alami, Representative of Parliament
Massoud Amin, American Engineer
Taghi Arani, Iranian political activist; killed in prison in the First Pahlavi era
Armik
Aziz Asli, soccer player
B
Bagher Khan, Nationalist revolutionist
Karim Bagheri, soccer player
Reza Baraheni, novelist, poet, critic and political activist, former president of Pen Canada
Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi (Shahriar), poet
Samad Behrangi, children's books writer
Qolam Hossein Bigjeh-Khani, musician and tar player
Gayk Bzhishkyan
C
D
Reza Deghati, photographer
Cyrus Dinmohammadi, soccer player
E
Hasan Enami Olya
Parvin E'tesami, poet
F
Javad Fakori, Major General; commander of the IRIAF during the Iran–Iraq War; served as Defense Minister
Farhad Fakhredini, conductor of National Orchestra
G
Ivan Galamian
Azim Gheychisaz
Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation
H
Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran
Sattar Hamedani, soccer player
Hamid Mirza, heir presumptive of the Qajar dynasty
Mohsen Hashtroodi, mathematician
Homam-e Tabrizi, poet
Ahad Hoseini, painter
I
Iraj Mirza, poet and famous politician
J
Allameh Jafari, cleric, researcher
Feridoun Jam, Head of Iranian Army corps
Jafar Tabrizi, calligrapher
Mahmud Jam, Prime Minister of Iran
Rosa Jamali, poet, writer
K
Ahmad Kasravi, politician a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/790%20AM | The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 790 kHz: The Federal Communications Commission classifies 790 AM as a regional broadcast frequency.
In Argentina
LR6 Mitre in Buenos Aires
LRA22 in San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy
LV19 in Malargüe, Mendoza
In Canada
No stations in Canada currently use the frequency. CFCW in Camrose, Alberta was the last station to do so but moved to 840 AM on August 1, 2015.
In Mexico
XEFE-AM in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas
XEGAJ-AM in Guadalajara, Jalisco
XENT-AM in La Paz, Baja California Sur
XERC-AM in Mexico City
XESU-AM in Mexicali, Baja California
In the United States
References
Lists of radio stations by frequency |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicide | The term salicide refers to a technology used in the microelectronics industry used to form electrical contacts between the semiconductor device and the supporting interconnect structure. The salicide process involves the reaction of a metal thin film with silicon in the active regions of the device, ultimately forming a metal silicide contact through a series of annealing and/or etch processes. The term "salicide" is a compaction of the phrase self-aligned silicide. The description "self-aligned" suggests that the contact formation does not require photolithography patterning processes, as opposed to a non-aligned technology such as polycide.
The term salicide is also used to refer to the metal silicide formed by the contact formation process, such as "titanium salicide", although this usage is inconsistent with accepted naming conventions in chemistry.
Contact formation
The salicide process begins with deposition of a thin transition metal layer over fully formed and patterned semiconductor devices (e.g. transistors). The wafer is heated, allowing the transition metal to react with exposed silicon in the active regions of the semiconductor device (e.g., source, drain, gate) forming a low-resistance transition metal silicide. The transition metal does not react with the silicon dioxide nor the silicon nitride insulators present on the wafer. Following the reaction, any remaining transition metal is removed by chemical etching, leaving silicide contacts in only the a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary%20corpus | The Calgary corpus is a collection of text and binary data files, commonly used for comparing data compression algorithms. It was created by Ian Witten, Tim Bell and John Cleary from the University of Calgary in 1987 and was commonly used in the 1990s. In 1997 it was replaced by the Canterbury corpus, based on concerns about how representative the Calgary corpus was, but the Calgary corpus still exists for comparison and is still useful for its originally intended purpose.
Contents
In its most commonly used form, the corpus consists of 14 files totaling 3,141,622 bytes as follows.
There is also a less commonly used 18 file version which include 4 additional text files in UNIX "troff" format, PAPER3 through PAPER6. The maintainers of the Canterbury corpus website notes that "they don't add to the evaluation".
Benchmarks
The Calgary corpus was a commonly used benchmark for data compression in the 1990s. Results were most commonly listed in bits per byte (bpb) for each file and then summarized by averaging. More recently, it has been common to just add the compressed sizes of all of the files. This is called a weighted average because it is equivalent to weighting the compression ratios by the original file sizes. The UCLC benchmark by Johan de Bock uses this method.
For some data compressors it is possible to compress the corpus smaller by combining the inputs into an uncompressed archive (such as a tar file) before compression because of mutual information between the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucha%20G%C3%B3rna | Sucha Górna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Polkowice, within Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately north-west of Polkowice, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Villages in Polkowice County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobacter | Anaerobacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria related to Clostridium. They are anaerobic chemotrophs and are unusual spore-formers as they produce more than one spore per bacterial cell (up to five). They fix nitrogen. Their G+C content is 29%.
Only one species of this genus (Anaerobacter polyendosporus) has been described.
References
Clostridiaceae
Monotypic bacteria genera
Bacteria genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Edgar%20Dick | John Edgar Dick (born in 1954) is Canada Research Chair in Stem Cell Biology, Senior Scientist at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics at the University of Toronto in Canada. Dick is credited with first identifying cancer stem cells in certain types of human leukemia. His revolutionary findings highlighted the importance of understanding that not all cancer cells are the same and thus spawned a new direction in cancer research. Dick is also known for his demonstration of a blood stem cell's ability to replenish the blood system of a mouse, his development of a technique to enable an immune-deficient mouse to carry and produce human blood, and his creation of the world's first mouse with human leukemia.
Early life and education
Dick was raised on a farm in southern Manitoba. His early education was gained in a one-room schoolhouse. Later he moved to Winnipeg to study to become an X-ray technician. There he noticed one of his roommates was attending university and studying biology. Dick realized he was more interested in biology and decided to switch pursuits.
Dick started off at the University of Manitoba specializing in microbiology and graduating with a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1984.
Career and research
In 1984, he moved to Toronto. In order to support his wife and two children, Dick worked part-time at an X-ray lab while he finished his post-doctorate work in Alan Bernstein’s lab. Be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino%20Ba%C5%BEdari%C4%87 | Marino Baždarić (born 25 November 1978) is a Croatian former professional basketball player, who is currently the sports director for Cedevita Junior.
Career statistics
External links
ACB Profile
1978 births
Living people
ABA League players
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Croatian men's basketball players
KK Cedevita players
KK Cibona players
KK Olimpija players
Liga ACB players
Menorca Bàsquet players
Small forwards
Basketball players from Rijeka
KK Kvarner players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20H5 |
NVC community H5 (Erica vagans - Schoenus nigricans heath) is one of the heath communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three communities which are considered transitional between the lowland dry heaths and the wetter communities classified in the NVC as mires.
It is a very localised community. There are two subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Bog pimpernel (Anagallis tenella)
Flea Sedge (Carex pulicaris)
Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix)
Cornish Heath (Erica vagans)
Sheep's Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta)
Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans)
Saw-wort (Serratula tinctoria)
Devil's-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis)
Western Gorse (Ulex gallii)
Yellow Starry Feather-moss (Campylium stellatum)
The following rare species are associated with the community:
Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii)
Cornish Heath (Erica vagans)
Spring Squill (Scilla verna)
Distribution
This community is confined to The Lizard peninsula in Cornwall.
Subcommunities
There are two subcommunities:
the so-called typical subcommunity
the Eriocharis multicaulis subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 2 - Mires and heaths (hardback), (paperback)
H05 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Alfred%20Forbes | Stephen Alfred Forbes (May 29, 1844 – March 13, 1930) was the first chief of the Illinois Natural History Survey, a founder of aquatic ecosystem science and a dominant figure in the rise of American ecology. His publications are striking for their merger of extensive field observations with conceptual insights. Forbes believed that ecological knowledge was fundamental for human well being. Forbes was important to the development of ecological theory. He was acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences as "the founder of the science of ecology in the United States".
While already famous as an economic entomologist, Forbes undertook studies of massive fish mortality in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. He showed the connection of algae blooms and lake physics to fish kills, and embarked on a remarkable research program into lake ecology and river ecology. Many of his insights about lake ecology were collected in an influential paper, "The Lake as a Microcosm".
Notable for both conceptual creativity and the use of innovative quantitative methods, his work foreshadowed the ecosystem concept as well as modern ideas of behavioral ecology and food web dynamics. On top of this, Forbes introduced the concept of a "community of interest" that emphasized two major points: "the first that of a general community of interests among all the classes of organic beings here assembled, and the second that of the beneficent power of natural selection which compels such adjustments of the rated |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20SD12 | NVC community SD12 (Carex arenaria - Festuca ovina - Agrostis capillaris dune grassland) is one of the 16 sand-dune communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.
It is one of four communities associated with fixed dunes.
It is a very localised community. There are two subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Common Bent (Agrostis capillaris)
Marram (Ammophila arenaria)
Sand Sedge (Carex arenaria)
Sheep's Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Smooth Meadow-grass (Poa pratensis)
The following rare species is also associated with the community:
Purple Milk-vetch (Astragalus danicus)
Distribution
This community is found in five coastal localities - one in northeast Scotland, two in southwest Scotland, one in Cumbria and one in Wales.
Subcommunities
There are two subcommunities:
the Anthoxanthaum odoratum subcommunity
the Holcus lanatus subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (2000) British Plant Communities Volume 5 - Maritime communities and vegetation of open habitats (hardback), (paperback)
SD12 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Ittel | Steven Dale Ittel (born 1946 in Hamilton, Ohio) is an American chemist specializing in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.
Training
Ittel attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he received a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1968. He was then commissioned as an officer in the United States Public Health Service and studied photochemical smog in the New York City metropolitan area from 1968 to 1970. He attended Northwestern University, where he received his PhD in chemistry under the direction of James A. Ibers in 1974.
Career
Ittel worked on hydride activation of lanthanides for Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) at Monsanto's Mound Laboratories for a short time. Upon receiving his PhD from Northwestern University, he joined DuPont’s Central Research Department at the Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware.
Ittel is best known for his contributions to organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. He discovered fluxional processes in both diamagnetic and paramagnetic π-allyl organometallic complexes bearing M-H-C agostic interactions. He was responsible for a series of C-H activation reactions based upon fleeting zero-valent iron complexes bearing bidentate phosphorus ligands.
While working on the air oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid (an intermediate in the preparation of nylon-66) he discovered a series of bis(pyridylimino)isoindoline complexes of cobalt to be very effective catalysts for the decomposition of the int |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InFluid%20Software | InFluid Software is a video game developer and software developer (although mostly the first), established in 1996. The company is notorious for their frequent use of horror atmosphere and violence in their games. They still uphold the use of the shareware distribution model, trying to remain old school as much as possible. Smack Some Smackers was their most popular and infamous franchise and, besides Haunted Childhood II, their Internet distribution breakthrough. Nowadays, most of their games are freeware, along with the older titles, and the upcoming ones.
Games
2002 - Gravedigger
2003 - Haunted Childhood
2003 - Smack Some Smackers
2003 - Smack Some Smackers X-Mas
2004 - Haunted Childhood II
2004 - Bad Dreams
2004 - Smack Some Smackers 2
2006 - Smack Some Smackers 2 Xmas Xtreme
Old Projects
Besides the available games that are listed above, InFluid Software has created several mostly DOS based games, that are no longer listed on their site, and are considered abandoned. Most of these titles are unobtainable.
1996 - Impedo 2000
1996 - Pomak
1996 - Nitemarebin
1996 - H-Quest
1997 - SpacePop
1999 - InfoCraft
1999 - Nightmare Wars
2000 - System War
External links
Official InFluid Software website
References
Video game companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagmar%20Oakland | Dagmar Oakland (born Edna Martine Dagmar Andersen; August 21, 1897 – October 8, 1989) was an American actress of stage and screen from San Francisco, California. Twice she was a member of the Ziegfeld Follies.
Family
Oakland's parents were Edward Andersen of Fredrikstad, Norway and Anna Marthine Olsen, also of Norway. Her siblings' names were Edward, Herbert (née Hagbart), and Vivien. Her sister performed on Broadway and in motion pictures as Vivian Oakland. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Anna Andersen, a widow since 1898, moved the family to Oakland, California, where the sisters took their stage names.
Stage
Edna and Vivien appeared in vaudeville as the Anker sisters (an old family name). They changed their surname to Oakland in tribute to their hometown. They performed as the Oakland Sisters in the Boston Juveniles, a vaudeville group.
They traveled the west coast as far as Seattle, Washington. The sisters ended up in New York City, appearing with the Ziegfeld Follies and other shows. In 1915, Oakland began a solo stage career. In November 1924, she had an important role in Heidelberg, the musical version of a play made famous by Richard Mansfield.
Film career
Beginning in 1930, Oakland performed in Hollywood motion pictures. Her first feature was The Heart Breaker (1930) directed by Edmund Joseph. She was cast with Joan Blondell, Gloria Shea, and Walter Kinsella. She played a reporter in Wedding Present (1936) and a nurse in Hit Parade of 1937. Oakland's fil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dural%20ectasia | Dural ectasia is widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord. This usually occurs in the lumbosacral region, as this is where the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is greatest, but the spinal canal can be affected in any plane.
Signs and symptoms
Common symptoms include lower back pain, headaches, weakness (myasthenia), numbness (hypoesthesia) above and below the involved limb, leg pain, and sometimes rectal and genital pain. Bowel and bladder dysfunction, urinary retention or incontinence may occur. Moderate-to-severe cases can cause radicular pain in the legs caused by nerve root compression.
The symptoms are usually exacerbated by upright posture and often, but not always, relieved by lying down. Postural headaches can be related to spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. However, in many patients, dural ectasia is asymptomatic.
Causes
The etiology of dural ectasia is unknown, but it has been suggested that is due to increased hydrostatic pressure, general weakened connective tissue or as a result of the pulsatile flow of cerebrospinal fluid on weakened spinal dura.
Dural ectasia is common in Marfan syndrome, occurring in 63–92% of people with the syndrome. It may also occur in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, ankylosing spondylitis, and is associated with spondylolisthesis, vertebral fractures, scoliosis, tumors or trauma.
In neurofibromatosis type I, it has been theorized that local infiltration of the dura by plexiform neur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola%20Mk4 | The Lola Mk4 and the derivative Mk4A were Formula One racing cars constructed by the Lola company in 1962. They were designed by Lola founder, owner and Chief Designer Eric Broadley at the request of Reg Parnell, proprietor of the Bowmaker Racing Team. The Mk4 was the first design that Lola produced for the top tier of motorsport.
History
Design of the car broadly followed Broadley's experience in the Formula Junior category, with a steel spaceframe chassis braced by bulkheads in front and behind the driver. The engine was carried within the chassis, and cooling was by a radiator mounted at the front of the bodywork; two tubes of the spaceframe acting as coolant pipes to and from the engine. Following supply delays with Coventry Climax's new V8 engine, the cars were initially built up around the older, inline 4-cylinder FPF engine.
The Mk4 had its first outing in the non-Championship 1962 Brussels Grand Prix where it qualified in the midfield but failed to finish. Its first World Championship race was the 1962 Dutch Grand Prix. By now the cars were fitted with the more powerful Climax FWMV V8 engine; the meeting went somewhat better with John Surtees qualifying his car in pole position. Once again though, poor reliability let the race performance down, and neither car reached the finishing line. Surtees took the car's first victory in the 2000 Guineas race at Mallory Park in the middle of the season, but excess chassis flex impeded his Championship hopes.
A stopgap solutio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriel%20Castanis | Muriel Brunner Castanis (1926 – 2006) was an American sculptor best known for her public art installments involving fluidly draped figures.
Biography
Born as Muriel Brunner on September 27, 1926 in New York City, the youngest of six children. She was raised in Greenwich Village and attended New York's High School of Music and Art. Castanis did not begin her art career until 1964 at the age of 38, she was self-taught.
Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson.
Her 1980 exhibit at the OK Harris Works of Art in Manhattan led to her career breakthrough. Her work Corporate Goddesses (1982), features twelve fiberglass statues of faceless women standing 12 feet tall atop 580 California Street building, designed by architect Philip Johnson, have stirred varying interpretations, as viewers try to understand the symbolism.
She died on 22 November 2006 at age 80 from lung failure in Greenwich Village neighborhood in New York City, and was survived by her husband George Castanis and their four children.
Works
References
External links
580 California Street Sculpture, San Francisco
Oral history interview with Muriel Castanis, 1971, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
1926 births
2006 deaths
Sculptors from New York City
Deaths from respiratory failure
Artists from Greenwich Village
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American women artists
The High School of Music & Art alumni
Sculptors from New |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force%20field | Force field may refer to:
Science
Force field (chemistry), a set of parameter and equations for use in molecular mechanics simulations
Force field (physics), a vector field indicating the forces exerted by one object on another
Force field (technology), a barrier made up of energy, plasma or particles to protect a person, area or object from attacks or intrusions or as a means of containment or confinement
Force field, a region in the spinal cord that causes limbs to exert a consistent force depending on the limbs' position
Force-field analysis, a concept in the social sciences
Arts and entertainment
Force Field (album), by the Atomic Bitchwax, 2017
Forcefield (album), by Tokyo Police Club, 2014
"Force Field", by Smash Mouth from Smash Mouth (album), 2001
Forcefield (art collective), an American noise band and art collective
Forcefield (band), a British hard rock band
"Force Field", the theme tune of the British game show The Crystal Maze |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedetniemi%27s%20conjecture | In graph theory, Hedetniemi's conjecture, formulated by Stephen T. Hedetniemi in 1966, concerns the connection between graph coloring and the tensor product of graphs. This conjecture states that
Here denotes the chromatic number of an undirected finite graph .
The inequality χ(G × H) ≤ min {χ(G), χ(H)} is easy: if G is k-colored, one can k-color G × H by using the same coloring for each copy of G in the product; symmetrically if H is k-colored. Thus, Hedetniemi's conjecture amounts to the assertion that tensor products cannot be colored with an unexpectedly small number of colors.
A counterexample to the conjecture was discovered by (see ), thus disproving the conjecture in general.
Known cases
Any graph with a nonempty set of edges requires at least two colors; if G and H are not 1-colorable, that is, they both contain an edge, then their product also contains an edge, and is hence not 1-colorable either. In particular, the conjecture is true when G or H is a bipartite graph, since then its chromatic number is either 1 or 2.
Similarly, if two graphs G and H are not 2-colorable, that is, not bipartite, then both contain a cycle of odd length. Since the product of two odd cycle graphs contains an odd cycle, the product G × H is not 2-colorable either. In other words, if G × H is 2-colorable, then at least one of G and H must be 2-colorable as well.
The next case was proved long after the conjecture's statement, by : if the product G × H is 3-colorable, then one o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation%20%28histology%29 | In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability. Tissue fixation is a critical step in the preparation of histological sections, its broad objective being to preserve cells and tissue components and to do this in such a way as to allow for the preparation of thin, stained sections. This allows the investigation of the tissues' structure, which is determined by the shapes and sizes of such macromolecules (in and around cells) as proteins and nucleic acids.
Purposes
In performing their protective role, fixatives denature proteins by coagulation, by forming additive compounds, or by a combination of coagulation and additive processes. A compound that adds chemically to macromolecules stabilizes structure most effectively if it is able to combine with parts of two different macromolecules, an effect known as cross-linking.
Fixation of tissue is done for several reasons. One reason is to kill the tissue so that postmortem decay (autolysis and putrefaction) is prevented.
Fixation preserves biological material (tissue or cells) as close to its natural state as possible in the process of preparing tissue for examination. To achieve this, several conditions usually must be met.
First, a fixative usually acts to disable intrinsic biomolecules—particularly pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s%20algorithm | Tarjan's algorithm may refer to one of several algorithms attributed to Robert Tarjan, including:
Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm
Tarjan's off-line lowest common ancestors algorithm
Tarjan's algorithm for finding bridges in an undirected graph
Tarjan's algorithm for finding simple circuits in a directed graph
See also
List of algorithms
References
Algorithms
Mathematics-related lists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayMotion | PlayMotion! is a company that produces a next generation videogame technology of the same name. Their product applies practical Computer Vision algorithms to the problem of gesture recognition in a wide array of environments, including Education and exergaming.
PlayMotion, in essence, "allows players to use the wall of the room as a videogame surface", while "a graphics engine and video projector turn your actions into digital shapes and patterns on a large screen."
PlayMotion was founded by designer Greg Roberts and noted computer vision scientist Matt Flagg in 2003.
The company has a partnership with Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center (ETC) who uses the platform to create next generation videogame and novel live performance concepts.
PlayMotion builds upon the pioneering work done by visionary Myron Krueger in the 1970s and 1980s. Their internal Funlab is an R&D incubator allowing for free thought and autonomous action which has produced many games and technologies throughout the years, including a landmark 5-screen, 250 player experience at Disney's Epcot in Orlando, Florida.
In 2009, PlayMotion released version 1.0 of a comprehensive SDK based on the Python programming language, one of the first software development kits to focus specifically on computer vision for entertainment application design.
References
Further reading
WIRED Magazine, June 2005, "The Future of Play"
External links
Companies established in 2003
Privately held companies ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita%20Roberts | Anita Bauer Roberts (April 3, 1942 – May 26, 2006) was an American molecular biologist who made pioneering observations of a protein, TGF-β, that is critical in healing wounds and bone fractures and that has a dual role in blocking or stimulating cancers.
She is ranked as one of the top fifty most cited biological scientists in the world.
Formative years
Roberts was born on April 3, 1942, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where she grew up. In 1964, she graduated with her bachelor's degree in chemistry from Oberlin College. She earned her PhD in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1968, working on retinoid metabolism under Hector DeLuca.
She worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University, a staff chemist at Aerospace Research Applications Center, and an instructor in chemistry at Indiana University Bloomington.
Career
In 1976, Roberts joined the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. From 1995 to 2004, she served as Chief of the institute's Laboratory of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, and continued her research there until her death in 2006.
During the early 1980s, Roberts and her colleagues began to experiment with the protein transforming growth factor beta, commonly referred to as TGF-β.
Roberts isolated the protein from bovine kidney tissue and compared her results with TGF-β taken from human blood platelets and placental tissue. Institute researchers then began a series of exp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTSH%20%28disambiguation%29 | CTSH is the ticker symbol of Cognizant.
CTSH may also refer to
CTSH (gene), a human gene which encodes the protein Cathepsin H
See also
Cognizance (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio%20Moderna | Studio Moderna Group is an omnichannel, multi-brand and direct-to-consumer retailer, primarily operating across Central and Eastern Europe.
In 2011, Studio Moderna launched Octaspring technology. and sold the first Dormeo mattress featuring Octaspring springs.
References
External links
Studio Moderna
Online retailers of Slovenia
Retail companies established in 1992
Slovenian companies established in 1992 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-Extra | Co-Extra was an EU-funded research programme on co-existence and traceability of genetically modified crops and their edible derivatives that ran from 2005-2009. It was granted €13.5 million under the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Union, and is conducted by more than 200 scientists in 52 organisations in 18 countries.
Research goals
The research programme studied and validated biological containment methods, forged supply chain organisations, and provided practical tools and methods for implementing co-existence between GMO-based (i.e., based on the use of genetically modified organisms) and non-GMO-based supply chains.
With regard to supporting cost-effective documentary traceability, Co-Extra was aimed at devising reliable, analytical detection methods, and at establishing the most appropriate methods of collecting, organising and distributing information. A core programme objective was the provision, to all stakeholders of food and feed chains, of a central decision-support system incorporating all necessary institutional tools, methods, models and guidelines.
Work packages
The programme was structured in eight work packages (WP):
WP 1: Biology approaches for gene flow mitigation
WP 2: Supply chain analysis, description and modelling
WP 3: Economic costs and benefits of co-existence and traceability
WP 4: Development testing and sampling approaches
WP 5: Development and integration of analytical traceability tools
WP 6: Technical challenges of GMO dete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20frequency%20content%20measure | In signal processing, the high frequency content measure is a simple measure, taken across a signal spectrum (usually a STFT spectrum), that can be used to characterize the amount of high-frequency content in the signal. The magnitudes of the spectral bins are added together, but multiplying each magnitude by the bin "position" (proportional to the frequency). Thus if X(k) is a discrete spectrum with N unique points, its high frequency content measure is:
In contrast to perceptual measures, this is not based on any evidence about its relevance to human hearing. Despite that, it can be useful for some applications, such as onset detection.
The measure has close similarities to the spectral centroid measure, being essentially the same calculation but without normalization according to overall magnitude.
References
P. Brossier, J. P. Bello and M. D. Plumbley. Real-time temporal segmentation of note objects in music signals, in Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC 2004), Miami, Florida, USA, November 1–6, 2004.
Masri, P. (1996). Computer modeling of Sound for Transformation and Synthesis of Musical Signal. PhD dissertation, University of Bristol.
Digital signal processing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Gabriel%20Oxenstierna%20%28pentathlete%29 | Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna af Korsholm och Wasa (28 August 1899 – 18 July 1995) was a Swedish modern pentathlete and naval officer. He won a gold medal at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Oxenstierna belonged to one of the oldest noble families of Sweden, which is known from the 13th century. In 1917 he became a Navy officer and in 1932 appointed naval attaché in Paris; upon his return to Sweden he was promoted to lieutenant commander. During World War II he served as a defence attaché in London. His enciphered cables to his government were treacherously passed on to the Germans by a code clerk in Stockholm who deciphered them, becoming a major source of naval intelligence to the Nazi regime. He retired in 1954 in the rank of sea captain.
In 1922 Oxenstierna married Görel Elisabeth Huitfeldt; they had two sons and one daughter. They divorced in 1946, and Oxenstierna remarried the same year. His granddaughter Anna Oxenstierna is a former professional golfer.
References
1899 births
1995 deaths
Modern pentathletes at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic modern pentathletes for Sweden
Swedish male modern pentathletes
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Swedish nobility
Olympic medalists in modern pentathlon
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Johan Gabriel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%209 | The Route nationale 9, or RN 9, is a route nationale in France between Moulins and the border with Spain across 591 kilometres.
Reclassification
Much of the N9 has now been upgraded or replaced by the A75 autoroute; in particular the section south of Clermont-Ferrand to Béziers. Depending on which Department the road is in, the old road is now numbered as various Route Départementale numbers:
RD 2009 in Allier and Puy-de-Dôme. (with some exceptions like RD 2019 in Aigueperse, RD 2029 in Riom, RD 2099 in south-eastern Clermont-Ferrand)
RD 978 From Pèrignat-lès-Sarilève to exit 6 of the A75.
RD 797 From exit 6 of the A75 to Coudes.
RD 716 In Issoire
RD 909 From Le Broc to Lozère,
RD 809 In Lozère and Aveyron
RD 609 In Hérault
RD 6009 In Aude
RD 900 In Pyrénées-Orientales
Route Description
Moulins - Clermont-Ferrand - Béziers - Narbonne - Perpignan - Spain
Moulins to Clermont Ferrand (0 km to 103 km)
The road begins in Moulins at a junction with the N7 on the Rue de l'Horloge. The road weaves through the city and crosses the Allier river across the Pont Régemortes. The road follows the West bank of Allier to Saint-Pourçain-sur-Sioule crossing the Sioule river and following it South. At Gannat the road meets the A719, which connects Vichy, 20km to the East, and the A71 autoroute. The N9 continues South to Riom and the volcanic region of Auvergne. The road is dual-carriageway for 10km into the industrial city of Clermont-Ferrand.
Clermont Ferrand to Béziers (103 km t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loft%20%283D%29 | Loft is a method to create complicated smooth 3D shapes in CAD and other 3D modeling software. Planar cross-sections of the desired shape are defined at chosen locations. Algorithms find a smooth 3D shape that fit these cross-sections. Designers can modify the shape through choice of fitting algorithm and input parameters. The method is used in packages such as Onshape, 3D Studio Max, Creo*, SolidWorks, NX, Autodesk Revit, and FreeCAD.
Consider lofting process in boat building, to visualise the process. The planar sections are defined by boat ribs spaced along its length. The final shape is produced by placing planks over the ribs to form a smooth skin.
In PTCs Creo and in Autodesk Revit it is referred to as a Blend or Swept Blend.
See also
Parallel transport
Lathe (graphics)
Examples (external links)
Modeling an irregular funnel with the loft tool
Computer-aided design |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20liquor | The mother liquor (or spent liquor) is the solution remaining after a component has been removed by a some process such as filtration or more commonly crystallization. It is encountered in chemical processes including sugar refining.
In crystallization, a solid (usually impure) is dissolved in a solvent at high temperature, taking advantage of the fact that most solids are more soluble at higher temperatures. As the solution cools, the solubility of the solute in the solvent will gradually become smaller. The resultant solution is described as supersaturated, meaning that there is more solute dissolved in the solution than would be predicted by its solubility at that temperature. Crystallization can then be induced from this supersaturated solution and the resultant pure crystals removed by such methods as filtration and centrifugal separators. The remaining solution, once the crystals have been filtered out, is known as the mother liquor, and will contain a portion of the original solute (as predicted by its solubility at that temperature) as well as any impurities that were not filtered out. Second and third crops of crystals can then be harvested from the mother liquor.
An alternative to second cropping is continuous recycle of a portion of the mother liquors from one batch into in subsequent batches in which an increased product yield is expected, and also leads to an accumulation of impurities. It can be shown that the impurity profile of the mother liquors, at moderat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyld | Wyld or WYLD may refer to
Wyld (crater), a lunar crater
Wyld (World of Darkness), a fictional entity
Wyld diagrams in fluid mechanics
Wyld's Great Globe, an attraction of Victorian London
WYLD (AM), a radio station (940 AM) licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
WYLD-FM, a radio station (98.5 FM) licensed to New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
A typeface in the Caslon family
Surname
Carlos Wyld Ospina (1891–1956), Guatemalan novelist, essayist and poet
Evie Wyld (born 1980), Anglo-Australian author
Harry Wyld (1900–1976), British track cyclist
Henry Cecil Kennedy Wyld (1870–1945), English lexicographer and philologist.
James Hart Wyld (1913–1953), American engineer and rocketry scientist.
Lew Wyld (1905–1974), British track cyclist
Percy Wyld (1907–1972), British track cyclist
William Wyld (1806-1889), British artist
See also
Wild (disambiguation)
Wylde (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Step-SCAN | N-Step-SCAN (also referred to as N-Step LOOK) is a disk scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests.
It segments the request queue into subqueues of length N. Breaking the queue into segments of N requests makes service guarantees possible. Subsequent requests entering the request queue won't get pushed into N sized subqueues which are already full by the elevator algorithm.
As such, starvation is eliminated and guarantees of service within N requests is possible.
Another way to look at N-step SCAN is this: A buffer for N requests is kept. All the requests in this buffer are serviced in any particular sweep. All the incoming requests in this period are not added to this buffer but are kept up in a separate buffer. When these top N requests are serviced, the IO scheduler chooses the next N requests and this process continues. This allows for better throughput and avoids starvation.
Analysis
N-Step-SCAN along with FSCAN prevents "arm stickiness" unlike
SSTF, SCAN, and C-SCAN.
See also
Other variations include:
SCAN - Elevator Algorithm
FSCAN
LOOK (and C-LOOK)
References
Disk scheduling algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20McDuff | Kenneth Allen McDuff (March 21, 1946 – November 17, 1998) was an American serial killer. He was convicted in 1966 of murdering 16-year-old Edna Sullivan, her boyfriend, 17-year-old Robert Brand, and Brand's cousin, 15-year-old Mark Dunnam, who was visiting from California. They were all strangers whom McDuff abducted after noticing Sullivan. McDuff repeatedly raped her before breaking her neck with a broomstick.
McDuff was given three death sentences that were reduced to life imprisonment consequently to the 1972 U.S. Supreme Court ruling Furman v. Georgia. He was paroled in 1989 and went on to kill again. He was executed in 1998, and is suspected to have been responsible for many other killings.
Early life and background
Kenneth Allen McDuff was born at 201 Linden Street in the central Texas town of Rosebud, the fifth of six children born to John Allen "JA" and Addie McDuff. His father ran a successful concrete business during the Texas construction boom of the 1960s. McDuff was indulged by his family, particularly his mother Addie, nicknamed the "pistol packing mama" because she threatened a school bus driver with a gun after the driver kicked McDuff's twin brother Lonnie off the bus.
At Rosebud High School, McDuff earned the reputation of being a bully. He was careful to pick on weaker individuals after the large but not strong McDuff lost a fight he had picked with an athletic and popular boy named Tommy Sammons. As a result, he quit school and worked for his father's |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDletPascal | MIDletPascal is a Pascal compiler and IDE specifically designed to create software for mobiles. It generates Java bytecode that runs on any Java ME device. In September 2009, Niksa Orlic, who wrote MIDletPascal, transmitted the source code to the Russian Boolean.name development community for feature development. MIDletPascal is now open-source, and hosted at SourceForge.
On 2 February 2013, MIDletPascal 3.5 Final released.
Features
generates low-level, small and fast Java bytecode
full Pascal specification support
parts of code can be written directly in Java
SMS messaging
HTTP connectivity
user-interface (forms) support
multimedia support
user-friendly IDE
Hello World
Because it runs on mobiles that don't have a console, the Hello world program of MIDletPascal is quite different from a normal Pascal "Hello World".
program HelloWorld;
begin
DrawText ('Hello, World!', 0, 0);
Repaint;
Delay(2000);
end.
See also
Midlet
References
Free integrated development environments
Pascal (programming language) compilers
Pascal programming language family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20extensor%20retinaculum%20of%20foot | The superior extensor retinaculum of the foot (transverse crural ligament) is the upper part of the extensor retinaculum of foot which extends from the ankle to the heelbone.
The superior extensor retinaculum binds down the tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius, and tibialis anterior as they descend on the front of the tibia and fibula; under it are found also the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve.
It is found on the lateral side of the lower leg, attached laterally to the lower end of the fibula, and medially to the tibia; above it is continuous with the fascia of the leg.
Additional images
See also
Peroneal retinacula
References
Lower limb anatomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoangioblast | A mesoangioblast is a type of progenitor cell that is associated with vasculature walls. Mesoangioblasts exhibit many similarities to pericytes, which are found in the small vessels. Mesoangioblasts are multipotent stem cells with the potential to progress down the endothelial or mesodermal lineages. Mesoangioblasts express the critical marker of angiopoietic progenitors, KDR (FLK1). Because of these properties, mesoangioblasts are a precursor of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells along with endothelial cells. Research has suggested their application for stem cell therapies for muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular disease.
Discovery and properties
Mesoangioblasts were initially isolated in 1997 by researchers at San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan, Italy. Their discovery was sparked by the findings of Mavilio et al., who found that a skeletal muscle precursor could be found in postnatal mice bone marrow. This instigated the search for cells that could differentiate into cells of the mesodermal tissue. Additionally, it was theorized that stem cells could also be found in the embryonic dorsal aorta, which furthered interest in the subject matter.
To explore into this topic, Cossu et al. cloned murine embryonic organs and, after analysis, found cells in the dorsal aorta clones that were able to differentiate into skeletal myogenic progenitors that expressed myogenic markers like MyoD, Myf-5, and desmin. These cells also expressed endothelial markers like VE-ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolipoproteinemia | Hypolipoproteinemia, hypolipidemia, or hypolipidaemia (British English) is a form of dyslipidemia that is defined by abnormally lowered levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. It occurs in genetic disorders (e.g. hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia), malnutrition, malabsorption, wasting disease, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and liver disease.
Causes
Causes of hypolipidemia include:
Hypobetalipoproteinemia (low levels of LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B)
Malnutrition
Malabsorption
Wasting disease
Certain cancers
Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Liver disorders
Diagnosis
It can be diagnosed via blood study that identifies fat particles. The patient must fast overnight to prevent interference from fat in the blood due to food intake. The criteria for this (without the involvement of cholesterol-lowering drugs) are total cholesterol levels below 120 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol levels under 50 mg/dL.
Critical illness
In the setting of critical illness, low cholesterol levels are predictive of clinical deterioration, and are correlated with altered cytokine levels.
In humans with genetic loss-of-function variants in one copy of the ANGPTL3 gene, the serum LDL-C levels are reduced. In those with loss-of-function variants in both copies of ANGPTL3, low LDL-C, low HDL-C, and low triglycerides are seen ("familial combined hypolipidemia").
Hooft disease is a rare condition evidenced by low blood lipid level, red rash and mental and physic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%203 | The Route nationale 3 is a trunk road (nationale) in France connecting Paris to the frontier of Germany.
Reclassification
For the majority of its route the RN 3 runs parallel to the A4 autoroute. As a result, sections have been or are proposed to be de-classified. The road is now numbered the RD 3 through the Department of Marne.
Route
Paris to Châlons-en-Champagne (0 km to 162 km)
The road begins in Paris at the Porte de Pantin becoming the Avenue Jean Lolive. It heads through the Eastern Paris suburbs including Bobigny where it crosses the A3 autoroute and then the A104 autoroute after which it passes through Clare-Souilly and into the Marne valley. After 15 km the RN 3 enters Meaux after which it crosses the Marne and heads through the Forêt de Montceaux. The A4 autoroute crosses the road which turns north 7 km further at la Ferté sous Jouarre and crosses to the Marne again. The road crosses the Marne again at Château-Thierry and heads east through the Bois de Condé. The road comes to Épernay, to the North is the Parc Naturel Régional de la Montagne de Reims, the heart of the Champagne region. The road is then called the RD 3 to Châlons-en-Champagne where it leaves the Marne valley. The A26 autoroute passes north–south between Reims and Troyes.
Châlons-en-Champagne to Metz (162 km to 298 km)
The road crosses the plain and the RD994 an ancient Roman road and then the TGV Est (high-speed line). The road passes through Sainte-Menehould before passing over the Forêt D'Argo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atavistic%20regression | Atavistic regression is a hypnosis-related concept introduced by the Australian scholar and psychiatrist Ainslie Meares. Meares coined his term from the English atavism, which is derived from the Latin atavus, meaning a great-grandfather's grandfather and, thus, more generally, an ancestor.
As used by Meares, for example, his 1960 work A System of Medical Hypnosis, the term "atavistic regression" is used to denote the tendency to revert to ancestral type:
"The atavistic hypothesis requires… a regression from normal adult mental function at an intellectual, logical level, to an archaic level of mental function in which the process of suggestion determines the acceptance of ideas. This regression is considered to be the basic mechanism in the production of hypnosis."
Meares held the view that when in hypnosis, the higher (more evolved) functions of the subject's brain were switched off, and the subject reverted to a far more archaic and far less advanced (in evolutionary terms) mental state; something which significantly altered the subjects' cognitive processing so that they readily accepted internally consistent, literal logic without any of the normal filters and verifications against the objective facts of the real world.
Later, Meares came to believe that it was the atavistic regression rather than the treatments that went with hypnosis that helped the patient. He concluded that the regression enabled the mind to rest and restored its equilibrium in a way that was anal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUN%20domain | SUN (Sad1p, UNC-84) domains are conserved C-terminal protein regions a few hundred amino acids long. SUN domains are usually found following a transmembrane domain and a less conserved region of amino acids. Most proteins containing SUN domains are thought to be involved in the positioning of the nucleus in the cell. It is thought that SUN domains interact directly with KASH domains in the space between the outer and inner nuclear membranes to bridge the nuclear envelope and transfer force from the nucleoskeleton to the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton which enables mechanosensory roles in cells. SUN proteins are thought to localize to the inner nuclear membrane. The S. pombe Sad1 protein localises at the spindle pole body. In mammals, the SUN domain is present in two proteins, Sun1 and Sun2. The SUN domain of Sun2 has been demonstrated to be in the periplasm.
Examples of SUN proteins
Caenorhabditis elegans
SUN-1/matefin
UNC-84
Drosophila melanogaster
Klaroid
Spag4
Mammals
SUN1, SUN2, SUN3, SUN4, SUN5
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sad1p
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Mps3p
Maize
SUN1, SUN2, SUN3, SUN4, SUN5
Arabidopsis
SUN1, SUN2
References
Protein domains |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBD | UBD may refer to:
UBD, a gene which codes for the human protein Ubiquitin D
United Baltic Duchy
Use by date
Universal Publishers (Australia)
University of Brunei Darussalam, a university in Brunei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Laut%20Tawar | Lake Laut Tawar () is a lake in Central Aceh Regency of Aceh Province, Indonesia. It is located at . The name literally means "freshwater sea".
The lake is an important ecosystem to its endemic species, such as Rasbora tawarensis.
Images
See also
List of drainage basins of Indonesia
List of lakes of Indonesia
Rembele Airport
Takengon
References
Laut Tawar
Landforms of Aceh
Peusangan basin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20loop | The omega loop is a non-regular protein structural motif, consisting of a loop of six or more amino acid residues and any amino acid sequence. The defining characteristic is that residues that make up the beginning and end of the loop are close together in space with no intervening lengths of regular secondary structural motifs. It is named after its shape, which resembles the upper-case Greek letter Omega (Ω).
Structure
Omega loops, being non-regular, non-repeating secondary structural units, have a variety of three-dimensional shapes. Omega loop shapes are analyzed to identify recurring patterns in dihedral angles and overall loop shape to help identify potential roles in protein folding and function.
Since loops are almost always at the protein surface, it is often assumed that these structures are flexible; however, different omega loops exhibit ranges of flexibility across different time scales of protein motion and have been identified as playing a role in the folding of some proteins, including HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; cytochrome c; and nucleases.
Function
Omega loops can contribute to protein function. For example, omega loops can help stabilize interactions between protein and ligand, such as in the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, and can directly affect protein function in other enzymes. A heritable coagulation disorder is caused by a single-site mutation in an omega loop of protein C.
Likewise, omega loops play an interesting role in the function of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature%27s%20Rising%20%28song%29 | "Temperature's Rising" is the third single from Mobb Deep's second album, The Infamous. Produced by Q-Tip, the song features R&B singer Crystal Johnson and contains a sample of "Where There Is Love" by Patrice Rushen.
Background
The song was written in the form of a letter to an associate that is hiding from the police, who went by the name Killa Black, who was also the older brother of Havoc. Killa Black, according to Prodigy in his 2011 autobiography My Infamous Life: The Autobiography of Mobb Deep's Prodigy, murdered a man over Walkman speakers, and Havoc hid Killa Black's gun in his basket of clothes. In the song, the narrator reveals that he is covering up evidence of his imprisoned friend's criminal actions, and speaks of his paranoia, fearing that the police are closing in on him.
A few years after the song was released, Killa Black committed suicide, in his mother's bathroom, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head after coming home for the murder that is mentioned in the song. After being released, Killa Black became a Muslim. Prior to his suicide, he had been committed to a psychiatric hospital.
The B-side is "Give Up the Goods (Just Step)".
There is a remix to the single, also produced by Q-Tip, that utilizes the same Patrice Rushen sample that is used on the album version. The original version of the song was produced by Mobb Deep.
Track listing
Side A
"Temperature's Rising" [Remix]
"Temperature's Rising" [LP Version]
Side B
"Give Up the Goods (Just |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine%20Fuchs | Elaine V. Fuchs is an American cell biologist famous for her work on the biology and molecular mechanisms of mammalian skin and skin diseases, who helped lead the modernization of dermatology. Fuchs pioneered reverse genetics approaches, which assess protein function first and then assess its role in development and disease. In particular, Fuchs researches skin stem cells and their production of hair and skin. She is an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Rebecca C. Lancefield Professor of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development at The Rockefeller University.
Early life and education
Fuchs grew up outside Chicago, in a family of scientists—her father, aunt, and sister were also scientists, and her family encouraged her to pursue higher education. She said those influences were especially important to her as a child. During an interview with Faiza Elmasry in 2010, Fuchs said, "I think like many of the children in our world, I got interested in science just from having a butterfly net and from having a few strainers and some boots and going down to the streams and creeks and being out in the fields." Even her mother, who was a homemaker, inspired her to pursue her interest in science at a time when not many women went into scientific fields. "She was a housewife but she took pride in everything that she did. She encouraged my sister and me in all different ways. My mom always said, 'You're a good cook, you'll make a fine scientist,' when I told her that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Ruben | Samuel Ruben (14 July 1900 – 16 July 1988) was an American inventor who made lasting contributions to electrochemistry and solid-state technology, including the founding of Duracell. He is listed as an inventor in over 200 patents.
Early life
Born in Harrison, New Jersey to a Jewish family, Samuel Ruben got his start in electronics when he became a licensed ham radio operator and built radios with spare parts. He had no college degree, withdrawing from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn after a few years due to stress. Samuel Ruben met professor Bergen Davis of Columbia University who tutored him and allowed him to sit in on some Columbia classes. He later returned as a research student at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Ruben received several honorary degrees. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from his alma mater Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, as well as from Columbia University in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science where he served as a Senior Staff Associate, and Butler University. He also taught at Harvard as a lecturer in chemistry. He endowed a scholarship for Chemical Engineering at Polytechnic (1968–1972).
Company history
Samuel Ruben established Ruben Laboratories in the early 1920s, when Bergen Davis persuaded Electrochemical's main investor Malcolm Clephane to finance a private laboratory for Ruben in lower Manhattan. Ruben moved himself and the lab to New Rochelle, New York, where he would stay for the next |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymopoietin | Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), isoforms beta/gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMPO gene. LAP2 is an inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein.
Thymopoietin is a protein involved in the induction of CD90 in the thymus. The thymopoetin (TMPO) gene encodes three alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding proteins of 75 kDa (alpha), 51 kDa (beta) and 39 kDa (gamma) which are ubiquitously expressed in all cells. The human TMPO gene maps to chromosome band 12q22 and consists of eight exons. TMPO alpha is present diffusely expressed with the cell nucleus while TMPO beta and gamma are localized to the nuclear membrane. TMPO beta is a human homolog of the murine protein LAP2. LAP2 plays a role in the regulation of nuclear architecture by binding lamin B1 and chromosomes. This interaction is regulated by phosphorylation during mitosis. Given the nuclear localization of the three TMPO isoforms, it is unlikely that these proteins play any role in CD90 induction.
Interactions
Thymopoietin has been shown to interact with Barrier to autointegration factor 1, AKAP8L, LMNB1 and LMNA.
References
Further reading
External links
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWON%20%28AM%29 | WWON is a commercial AM radio station licensed to the city of Waynesboro, Tennessee, the seat of Wayne County, Tennessee. The station operates at the assigned frequency of 930 kHz, at a power output of 470 watts day, and 91 watts at night.
History
The birth of WAAN AM 1480
Wayne County's first radio station went on the air in January 1970, with studios located upstairs above Helton's Drug Store. "Orange Blossom Special" was the first song played on what was then the new 1480 WAAN radio. That first record was played by beloved former announcer and singer Neal "Tywhop" Jones.
In the mid-1970s the station changed hands and Grand Ole Opry members Ernie Ashworth and Ralph Davis became the owners for a brief period, along with Carl Swafford. In between the call letters WAAN and WTNR was the call letters WNBG.
Frequency move and callsign change
In the late 1980s, the station was moved to its present location in the old bank building on the Public Square in downtown Waynesboro. After years of paperwork the station changed frequency and call letters, and AM 930 WTNR was born. The call letters stood for Waynesboro, Tennessee Radio.
Aside from past owner Ernie Ashworth of Grand Ole Opry fame, country singer, actor, writer, and Waynesboro native Mark Collie also got his start on AM 930. Mark became a popular country music star. Also in the 1980s and early 1990s country singer Jacky Ward was an announcer. "Wile Willie" as he was called on the air, had success on the country charts w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutra%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201973%29 | Antônio Monteiro Dutra (born August 11, 1973), or simply Dutra, is a Brazilian left back.
Club statistics
Honours
Santos
Torneio Rio-São Paulo: 1997
Coritiba
Campeonato Paranaense: 1999
Yokohama F. Marinos
J.League Cup: 2001
J1 League : 2003, 2004
Emperor's Cup: 2013
Sport
Campeonato Pernambucano: 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Copa do Brasil: 2008
Santa Cruz
Campeonato Pernambucano: 2012
Individual
J.League Best XI: 2003, 2004
References
External links
zerozero.pt
1973 births
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Living people
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Santos FC players
Sport Club do Recife players
Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
Men's association football fullbacks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QMP | QMP may refer to:
Qualitätswein mit Prädikat, a former German wine classification
Queen mandibular pheromone in honey bees
Queen Mary Park, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Quintessential Player, a freeware media player |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20Explorer%20Fuel%20Cell%20Prototype | Ford Explorer Fuel Cell Prototype is a hydrogen car based on the standard Ford Explorer. The car was introduced at the 2007 Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, which was held in November 2006.
Specifications
The car can hold a maximum of 10 kg of hydrogen compressed to 700 bars giving this SUV vehicle a range of up to .
Weight
Seats for 6 passengers
Powered by 60 kW Fuel Cell delivered by Ballard
Two 65 kW Electric motors totaling 130 kW
50 kW hybrid battery
0-60 mph in about 18 seconds
max speed
Hydrogen storage in the bigger sized center tunnel, replacing the six speed automatic gear
References
Hydrogen cars
Fuel cell vehicles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20A.%20Guggenheim | Edward Armand Guggenheim FRS (11 August 1901 – 9 August 1970) was an English physical chemist, noted for his contributions to thermodynamics.
Life
Guggenheim was born in Manchester 11 August 1901, the son of Armand Guggenheim and Marguerite Bertha Simon. His father was Swiss, a naturalised British citizen. Guggenheim married Simone Ganzin (died 1954), in 1934 and Ruth Helen Aitkin, born Clarke, widow, in 1955. They had no children. He died in Reading, Berkshire 9 August 1970.
Education
Guggenheim was educated at Terra Nova School, Southport, Charterhouse School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he obtained firsts in both the mathematics part 1 and chemistry part 2 triposes. Unable to gain a fellowship at the college, he went to Denmark where he studied under J. N. Brønsted at the University of Copenhagen.
Career
Returning to England, he found a place at University College, London where he wrote his first book, Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs (1933), which "established his reputation and revolutionized the teaching of the subject". He was also a visiting professor of chemistry at Stanford University, and later became a reader in the chemical engineering department at Imperial College London. During World War II he worked on defence matters for the navy. In 1946 he was appointed professor of chemistry and head of department at Reading University, where he stayed until his retirement in 1966.
Publications
Guggenheim produced eleven books |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Yong-hak | An Yong-Hak (born 25 October 1978) is a Japanese-born North Korean football midfielder. He is a former member of the North Korea national football team.
Club statistics
Updated to 23 February 2016.
Honours
Albirex Niigata
J2 League (1): 2003
Suwon Bluewings
K League 1 (1): 2008
Korean FA Cup (1): 2009
Korean League Cup (1): 2008
Kashiwa Reysol
J1 League (1): 2011
Japanese Super Cup (1): 2012
International goals
.''Scores and results are list North Korea's goal tally first.
References
External links
Yokohama FC Top Team
1978 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Association football people from Okayama Prefecture
North Korean men's footballers
North Korean expatriate men's footballers
North Korea men's international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
Albirex Niigata players
Nagoya Grampus players
Busan IPark players
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Omiya Ardija players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Yokohama FC players
J1 League players
J2 League players
K League 1 players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Expatriate men's footballers in South Korea
North Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan
South Korean people of North Korean origin
People from Kurashiki
Zainichi Korean men's footballers
People's Athletes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestport%20Tower | Forestport Tower was a guyed, steel tower, insulated from the earth, so that the entire structure was used to radiate electromagnetic waves in the VLF (Very Low Frequency; 3 kHz to 30 kHz) and LF (Low Frequency; 30 kHz to 300 kHz) bands. The tower, known locally as “the stick” or “the Forestport stick”, was located near Forestport in Oneida County, New York, United States. Forestport Tower was built in 1950. It had a height of 1218 ft (371.25 metres). Forestport Tower was used for experimental transmissions in the LF and VLF-range; some of these included the first tests of the LORAN-C and Omega Navigation System.
On April 21, 1998 it was demolished by explosives.
External links
http://www.jproc.ca/hyperbolic/loran_c_history.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20050317143111/http://www.rl.af.mil/div/IFO/IFOI/IFOIPA/press_history/pr-98/pr-98-28.html
http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b57103
Datasheet: Forestport LORAN Radio Mast
Buildings and structures in Oneida County, New York
Radio masts and towers in the United States
Towers in New York (state)
1950 establishments in New York (state)
Towers completed in 1950
1998 disestablishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures demolished in 1998 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna%20Royal%20Tombs%20Project | The Amarna Royal Tombs Project (ARTP) is an archaeological expedition devoted to the Amarna Period. It was established in 1998 to ascertain on the ground and in the ancient records the fate of the missing Amarna royal dead, which were transferred to the Valley of the Kings upon the abandonment of Amarna during the 18th Dynasty reign of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Nicholas Reeves serves as the project director for the Amarna Royal Tombs Project.
Valley of the Kings
Archaeological projects
Archaeological expeditions |
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