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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Kiselev | Vladimir Kiselev (born November 10, 1974) is a Russian biathlete, cross-country skier, and two-time Paralympic champion. He competes in classification category sitting events.
Career
Kiselev competed in biathlon and cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Paralympics. In biathlon, he took the gold in the men's 12.5 km individual and 7.5 km individual, sitski. In cross-country skiing, he placed 4th in the men's 10 km, 5th in the 15 km, and 6th in the 5 km, sitski. He placed 5th in the men's relay with Alfis Makamedinov and Kirill Mikhaylov.
Kiselev competed at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in cross-country skiing and biathlon. In cross-country skiing, he took the bronze medal in the 1 km sprint. He came in 6th place in the 10 km, sitting. In biathlon, he took the silver medal in the 12.5 km individual, sitting. He placed 4th in the men's 2.4 km pursuit, sitting.
References
External links
Russian male cross-country skiers
Russian male biathletes
Paralympic biathletes for Russia
Paralympic cross-country skiers for Russia
Biathletes at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Biathletes at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Russia
Paralympic silver medalists for Russia
Paralympic bronze medalists for Russia
1974 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Paralympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in cross-country skiing
Par |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swagelok | Swagelok Company is a $2 billion privately held developer of fluid system products, assemblies, and services for the oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical, semiconductor, and transportation industries.
Headquartered in Solon, Ohio, U.S.A., Swagelok operates through approximately 200 sales and service centers in 70 countries, and employs over 5,700 associates at 20 manufacturing facilities and five global technology centers.
History
Fred A. Lennon and Cullen B. Crawford founded Crawford Fitting Company in Cleveland, Ohio, in July 1947 to manufacture the Swagelok® tube fitting, which used a two-ferrule design to “swage” or form the tube and lock it into place. One year later, Lennon bought out Crawford and continued to grow the business.
In 1949, Lennon hired his first employee and established his own manufacturing facility on East 140th Street in Cleveland. In 1965, the company moved to Solon, Ohio, where its headquarters remain.
Also in 1949, the first independent sales and service center opened in the United States. The sales and service network expanded to Europe in 1969 and to Asia in 1972. Today, sales and service centers are located in 70 countries, providing customers with local inventory, services, and support.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Lennon continued to expand the product line through companies and brands, including Whitey, Cajon, Nupro, and ‘Sno-Trik. In 1997, the company focused its identity on a single logo and brand name: Swagelok.
Products
Produc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20MG11 |
British NVC community MG11 (Festuca rubra - Agrostis stolonifera - Potentilla anserina grassland) is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three types of mesotrophic grassland classified as grass-dominated inundation communities.
It is a quite localised community. There are three subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Creeping Bent (Agrostis stolonifera)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Silverweed (Potentilla anserina)
No rare species are associated with this community.
Distribution
This community is found mainly in lowland river valleys in the Midlands and South West England, with concentrations also in salt marshes on Britain's west coast.
Subcommunities
There are three subcommunities:
the Lolium perenne subcommunity
the Atriplex prostrata subcommunity
the Honkenya peploides subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1992) British Plant Communities Volume 3 - Grasslands and montane communities (hardback), (paperback)
MG11 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Smyrna%20Speedway | New Smyrna Speedway is a 1/2-mile asphalt oval racetrack located near New Smyrna Beach, Florida, that races the NASCAR Advance Auto Parts Weekly Series every Saturday night. It also has a smaller track, known as "Little New Smyrna Speedway" in the infield. This track races quarter midgets on Friday nights.
Overview
New Smyrna Speedway hosts the annual World Series of Asphalt Stock Car Racing, featuring nine consecutive nights of racing that runs during Speedweeks every February. The World Series has seen many of the current and former top names in NASCAR competing on the high-banked half-mile including Ryan Newman, Tony Stewart, Kyle Busch, Mark Martin, Geoff Bodine, Rick Wilson, Richie Evans, Jimmy Spencer, and Pete Hamilton, and continually draws the top talent from around the United States and Canada.
The event features NASCAR tour-type modifieds, "SK" type modifieds, Florida/IMCA-type modifieds, David Rogers super late models, late models, crate engine late models, winged sprint cars, and pro-trucks. Only Geoff Bodine and Ryan Newman have won a championship at the annual event, and gone on in their career to win the Daytona 500. The event included the Race to Stop Suicide 200, the ARCA Menards Series East season opener, from 2014 to 2022. The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour has a race during the event since 2022.
New Smyrna Speedway also hosts the annual Florida Governor's Cup 200 David Rogers super late model race each November. Regarded as the second-most prestigious su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wick%27s%20theorem | Wick's theorem is a method of reducing high-order derivatives to a combinatorics problem. It is named after Italian physicist Gian-Carlo Wick. It is used extensively in quantum field theory to reduce arbitrary products of creation and annihilation operators to sums of products of pairs of these operators. This allows for the use of Green's function methods, and consequently the use of Feynman diagrams in the field under study. A more general idea in probability theory is Isserlis' theorem.
In perturbative quantum field theory, Wick's theorem is used to quickly rewrite each time ordered summand in the Dyson series as a sum of normal ordered terms. In the limit of asymptotically free ingoing and outgoing states, these terms correspond to Feynman diagrams.
Definition of contraction
For two operators and we define their contraction to be
where denotes the normal order of an operator . Alternatively, contractions can be denoted by a line joining and , like .
We shall look in detail at four special cases where and are equal to creation and annihilation operators. For particles we'll denote the creation operators by and the annihilation operators by .
They satisfy the commutation relations for bosonic operators , or the anti-commutation relations for fermionic operators where denotes the Kronecker delta.
We then have
where .
These relationships hold true for bosonic operators or fermionic operators because of the way normal ordering is defined.
Examples
We ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage%20MS2 | Bacteriophage MS2 (Emesvirus zinderi), commonly called MS2, is an icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. MS2 is a member of a family of closely related bacterial viruses that includes bacteriophage f2, bacteriophage Qβ, R17, and GA.
It is small and contains a maturation protein, coat protein, and genomic RNA. It also has one of the smallest known genomes, encoding four proteins.
The MS2 lifecycle involves infecting bacteria with the fertility factor, enabling the virus to attach to the pilus, though the mechanism by which the virus's RNA enters the bacterium remains unknown. Once inside, the viral RNA starts functioning as a messenger RNA to produce viral proteins. MS2 replicates its plus-strand genome by creating a minus strand RNA as a template. The virus then assembles, and the bacterial cell lyses, releasing new viruses.
The virus was isolated in 1961 and its genome was the first to be fully sequenced, in 1976, providing a crucial understanding of genetic codes. In practical applications, MS2's structural components have been used to detect RNA in living cells. The virus is also under research for potential uses in drug delivery, tumor imaging, and light harvesting. Furthermore, because of its structural similarities to noroviruses, its preferred proliferation conditions, and its lack of pathogenicity to humans, MS2 serves as a substitute in studies of norovirus dise |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalart%E2%80%93Allmaras%20turbulence%20model | In physics, the Spalart–Allmaras model is a one-equation model that solves a modelled transport equation for the kinematic eddy turbulent viscosity. The Spalart–Allmaras model was designed specifically for aerospace applications involving wall-bounded flows and has been shown to give good results for boundary layers subjected to adverse pressure gradients. It is also gaining popularity in turbomachinery applications.
In its original form, the model is effectively a low-Reynolds number model, requiring the viscosity-affected region of the boundary layer to be properly resolved ( y+ ~1 meshes).
The Spalart–Allmaras model was developed for aerodynamic flows. It is not calibrated for general industrial flows, and does produce relatively larger errors for some free shear flows, especially plane and round jet flows. In addition, it cannot be relied on to predict the decay of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence.
It solves a transport equation for a viscosity-like variable . This may be referred to as the Spalart–Allmaras variable.
Original model
The turbulent eddy viscosity is given by
The rotation tensor is given by
where d is the distance from the closest surface and is the norm of the difference between the velocity at the trip (usually zero) and that at the field point we are considering.
The constants are
Modifications to original model
According to Spalart it is safer to use the following values for the last two constants:
Other models related to the S-A model:
DES |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Crystal | High Crystal is a science fiction/secret agent novel by Martin Caidin that was first published in 1974. It was the second sequel to Caidin's 1972 work Cyborg, which in turn was the basis for the television series The Six Million Dollar Man. Although published after the start of the television series, the book does not share continuity with it.
Plot summary
Steve Austin, an operative for the US government who is part man, part machine, is sent to Peru to investigate a mysterious power source in the ruins of an ancient civilization, but Austin and his team soon discover that a criminal organization also has their sights set on obtaining the power contained within the "High Crystal".
1974 American novels
1974 science fiction novels
American spy novels
Novels about ancient astronauts
Novels set in Peru
Bionic franchise
Arbor House books
Novels by Martin Caidin
The Bionic Woman |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca%20of%20follicle | The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles. They appear as the follicles become secondary follicles.
The theca are divided into two layers, the theca interna and the theca externa.
Theca cells are a group of endocrine cells in the ovary made up of connective tissue surrounding the follicle. They have many diverse functions, including promoting folliculogenesis and recruitment of a single follicle during ovulation. Theca cells and granulosa cells together form the stroma of the ovary.
Androgen synthesis
Theca cells are responsible for synthesizing androgens, providing signal transduction between granulosa cells and oocytes during development by the establishment of a vascular system, providing nutrients, and providing structure and support to the follicle as it matures.
Theca cells are responsible for the production of androstenedione, and indirectly the production of 17β estradiol, also called E2, by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that with the help of the enzyme aromatase can be used as a substrate for this type of estradiol. FSH induces the granulosa cells to synthesize aromatase, an enzyme that converts the androgens made by the theca interna into estradiol.
Signaling cascade
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by projections of the hypothalamus into the anterior pituitary gland. Gonadotrophs are stimulated to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are released |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular%20antrum | The follicular antrum is the portion of an ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. Appearance of the follicular antrum during follicular maturation is the first sign that a follicle has reached the next stage of maturation. It has changed from a primary follicle to a secondary follicle.
See also
Antrum
External links
"Graafian Follicle"
- "Mammal, canine ovary (LM, High)"
Description at okstate.edu
Mammal female reproductive system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%201 | The Route nationale 1 is a trunk road (nationale) in France between Paris and Calais. It is approximately long.
Reclassification
The majority of the original road has been superseded by the A16 autoroute. As a result, much of the road has now been reclassified the RD 1001, RD 901 and RD 940.
Route
Paris - Saint-Denis - Beauvais - Amiens - Abbeville - Boulogne-sur-Mer - Calais - Dunkerque - Belgium
Paris to Amiens (0 km to 130 km)
The road begins at the Porte de la Chapelle in Paris and runs below the A1 autoroute as the Boulevard de President Wilson north through the northern Paris suburbs to Saint-Denis. The road heads through Saint Denis as the Avenue Lenine before heading north east. The road then heads to the east of Saint Brice Sous Foret, with the Foret Dominiale de Montmorency.
The road heads into the Foret Dominiale de L'Isle-Adam where the A16 autoroute starts, and then crosses the River Oise. The autoroute heads to the west while the N 1 heads out over rolling countryside northwards after Chambly. The road heads through Noailles before the road crosses the autoroute and enters Beauvais.
The road passes round the east of Beauvais passing the airport before turning north east. The road heads over the generally flat countryside to Breteuil. It runs parallel to the A 16 and enters the town of Amiens from the South. The road crosses the River Somme in the town.
Amiens to Calais (130 km to 290 km)
In Amiens the road turns north west along the Somme valley p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%206 | The Route nationale 6 is a trunk road (nationale) in France between Paris and the frontier with Italy in the Alps.
Reclassification
The RN 6 runs parallel for a long portion of its route to the A 6 autoroute. As a result, portions of the road have now been downgraded as the RD 306, RD606 and RD 906.
The reclassification is in part due to the centralized system of the French Government that did not allow local communities to care for the 'Nationale' roads infrastructure. Downgrading the Nationale 6 to local roads (RD for Route Départementale) allows the locals to take care of their infrastructure.
Route
Paris-Fontainebleau–Sens–Auxerre–Chalon-sur-Saône–Lyon–Chambéry-Italy
Paris to Sens (0 to 104 km)
The road starts at Porte de Charenton south east of the city north of the Seine. The road is called the Rue de Paris and it skirts the Southern edge of the Bois de Vincennes. The road crosses the river Marne at the Pont de Charenton as well as the A 4. The road heads through the suburbs of Paris, after a junction with the RN 19 the RN 6 becomes Avenue du Général Leclerc and then Avenue du Général de Gaulle. The road passes Maisons-Alfort and enters an industrial area as Avenue du Maréchal and runs parallel to railway yards before passing along the East bank of the Seine. The road then bypasses Montgeron and enters Forêt domaniale de Sénart and a junction with the RN 104 before becoming the A 5 and then branching off to the South. The old road passes through Lieusaint.
The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Speed | Nicholas Marcell Speed (born August 12, 1980) is an American rapper, record producer, and disc jockey from Detroit, Michigan, United States. He has produced tracks for 50 Cent, Mopreme Shakur, Lloyd Banks, M.O.P., Talib Kweli, Phat Kat, Musiq Soulchild, Bishop Lamont, Danny Brown and many more.
Career
During the late 1990s, Nick Speed formed a hip-hop crew called 9-2-5 Colony with classmates Magestik Legend and iLLite, both of whom would go on to become part of the Subterraneous Records stable of artists.
While still in high school, Speed and Magestik spent a significant amount of time with DJ House Shoes, who assisted them with their first production experiments while also introducing them to other like-minded artists in the Detroit hip-hop community. Among these artists were Elzhi, who was then part of the Breakfast Club, and One Be Lo, who was part of Binary Star.
Speed and Magestik Legend invited Elzhi to become a part of the 925 Colony in 1999, shortly after Elzhi had completed recording his unreleased EP, Out of Focus. The new trio recorded only a few songs, none of which were released. Among these are "Farewell," produced by Lacks, "Oh Shit," and "Gun Talk."
With Magestik Legend's growing involvement with the Subterraneous crew, and Elzhi's affiliation with Waajeed and Slum Village, the 9-2-5 Crew found little time to write, record or perform music. Nick Speed became a freelance producer for many underground artists. Among the projects Speed worked on during this e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBCL | WBCL is an FM radio station located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 90.3 MHz. WBCL is owned by Taylor University in Upland, Indiana with its studios located at the university's Fort Wayne campus.
Its current programming consists of Christian adult contemporary music.
Repeaters and translators
WBCL maintains a network of repeaters and translators that enable its signal to reach a wide geographical area. WBCL's signal extends beyond Fort Wayne into Northwest Ohio and Southern Michigan, extending to Toledo, Lima, and almost to Detroit.
WBCW 89.7 FM in Upland, Indiana
WBCJ 88.1 FM in Spencerville, Ohio
WBCY 89.5 FM in Archbold, Ohio
WCVM 94.7 in Bronson, Michigan
WTPG 88.9 in Whitehouse, Ohio
W291AH 106.1 FM in Muncie, Indiana
W249BT 97.7 in Adrian, Michigan
W258CE 99.5 in Findlay, Ohio
W267BN 101.3 in Marion, Indiana
External links
Official WBCL website (with streaming audio)
Lima, Ohio
Taylor University
BCL
Radio stations established in 1976
1976 establishments in Indiana
Contemporary Christian radio stations in the United States
BCL |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBOI | WBOI is an FM radio station located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 89.1 MHz. It is a National Public Radio member station, owned and operated by Northeast Indiana Public Radio, a non-profit organization. The station has studios and a 604-foot transmitter tower in Fort Wayne's Centennial Park. Effective radiated power is 34,000 watts, covering northeast Indiana, northwest Ohio and extreme southern Michigan.
History
Establishment
WBOI began broadcasting on June 5, 1978, as WIPU on the campus of Indiana Purdue Fort Wayne (IPFW) with a very limited schedule using university staff and students. The station acquired enough of a following that by 1981, The Friends of WIPU was incorporated as a support organization.
In 1981, Purdue University, which held the license, announced that if new funding sources could not be found, it would have to close the station. The Friends of WIPU incorporated as Public Broadcasting of Northeast Indiana (now known as Northeast Indiana Public Radio), and bought the station in an effort to save public radio in the area. PBNI officially took control on March 16, 1982; changing the call letters to WBNI.
The day the call sign and ownership change took place, the WBNI studios at IPFW flooded. Within ten days, the station relocated to the historic YWCA facility on North Wells Street. The schedule was gradually expanded and effective radiated power was also increased. Programming was mostly classical music, jazz, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJCI | WJCI is an FM radio station located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 102.9 MHz. It broadcasts a Christian radio format and is an affiliate of Calvary Radio Network.
History
The station signed on as WEXI on September 1, 1965, originally at 103.1 FM, and licensed to nearby Roanoke.
Ed Hughes was the owner/manager of WHUZ from 1979 to 1984, as it operated as a Top 40 station. The station was purchased by Price Communications in 1985, and renamed WIOE-FM "Commercial Free 103," targeting teen listeners in Fort Wayne. After nearly a year of commercial-free operation, the station eventually began running commercials. The station flipped to a simulcast with sister station WOWO in 1988, still on 103.1 and renamed WOWO-FM. Eventually, the frequency was changed to 102.9 FM and the station adopted the call letters WXKE, which had been used for many years on a rock/classic rock format at 103.9 FM. In February 2004, WXKE dropped its simulcast with sister WXTW and changed formats to Standards as "The River."
WXKE was purchased, along with its sister stations by the Summit City Radio Group in July 2004. The standards "River" format drifted over to sister WGL 1250 AM and WXKE relaunched as Classic Hits "Mike-FM." In 2006, the station abandoned its Classic Hits format and flipped formats to a simulcast of sister WGL AM under the call sign WWGL. Within a few months, call letters were changed again to WGL-FM, with the city of license Huntington, Indian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WQHK-FM | WQHK-FM is an FM radio station located in Huntertown, Indiana, United States, and broadcasting to the Fort Wayne area. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 105.1 MHz.
History
Today's WQHK-FM went on the air from Decatur, Indiana, as WADM-FM 92.7 on November 8, 1966. It was owned by Airon, Incorporated, alongside WADM (1540 AM). The WADM stations were purchased outright by WFYC, Inc., owner of the WFYC stations in Alma, Michigan, in 1978.
Midwest Communications Company, owned by Richard Sommerville and his son, acquired the pair in 1984; Richard's brother David owned 35 percent of the seller, and other family members were involved in radio holdings in Michigan. The call letters were first changed to WMCZ, but a federal judge ordered a change after WMEE (97.3 FM) sued on the similarity of the two call signs' sounds; until it could change to WQTZ, the Decatur station was ordered to include "not to be confused with WMEE FM 97" in all of its station identifications. One of the key developments in the trial was that the WMCZ station manager, when asked to cite WMEE's slogan, gave WMCZ's instead, bolstering the judge's finding of a likelihood of confusion. It was the first call sign similarity dispute to be mediated by a federal judge; the responsibility for these disputes had rested with the Federal Communications Commission until the start of 1984.
To coincide with a height increase on the tower and expanded coverage area, a new format was chosen to replace the two |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBZQ | WBZQ is an AM radio station located in Huntington, Indiana. The station operates on the AM radio frequency of 1300 kHz. WBZQ was owned by Larko Communications until 2012, when the station was sold to Fifty Seven Media, LLC, following the death of owner Christopher Larko in 2010.
Programming
Currently, it is silent, but last broadcast Spanish language programming. Previously, the station had an Oldies format.
References
External links
BZQ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titchmarsh%20convolution%20theorem | The Titchmarsh convolution theorem describes the properties of the support of the convolution of two functions. It was proven by Edward Charles Titchmarsh in 1926.
Titchmarsh convolution theorem
If and are integrable functions, such that
almost everywhere in the interval , then there exist and satisfying such that almost everywhere in and almost everywhere in
As a corollary, if the integral above is 0 for all then either or is almost everywhere 0 in the interval Thus the convolution of two functions on cannot be identically zero unless at least one of the two functions is identically zero.
As another corollary, if for all and one of the function or is almost everywhere not null in this interval, then the other function must be null almost everywhere in .
The theorem can be restated in the following form:
Let . Then if the left-hand side is finite. Similarly, if the right-hand side is finite.
Above, denotes the support of a function and and denote the infimum and supremum. This theorem essentially states that the well-known inclusion is sharp at the boundary.
The higher-dimensional generalization in terms of the convex hull of the supports was proven by Jacques-Louis Lions in 1951:
If , then
Above, denotes the convex hull of the set and denotes the space of distributions with compact support.
The original proof by Titchmarsh uses complex-variable techniques, and is based on the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle, Jensen's inequality, Carleman's |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidual%20cells | Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The interglandular tissue is also increased in quantity, and is crowded with large round, oval, or polygonal cells, termed decidual cells. Their enlargement is due to glycogen and lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm allowing these cells to provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing embryo. Decidual cells are also thought to control the invasion of the endometrium by trophoblast cells.
Experimentally, human endometrial stromal cells can be decidualized in culture by using analogs of cAMP and progesterone. The cells will exhibit a decidualized phenotype and display upregulation of common decidualization markers such as prolactin and IGFBP1.
References
External links
- "Female Reproductive System: placenta, decidual cells"
Developmental biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversary%20model | In computer science, an online algorithm measures its competitiveness against different adversary models. For deterministic algorithms, the adversary is the same as the adaptive offline adversary. For randomized online algorithms competitiveness can depend upon the adversary model used.
Common adversaries
The three common adversaries are the oblivious adversary, the adaptive online adversary, and the adaptive offline adversary.
The oblivious adversary is sometimes referred to as the weak adversary. This adversary knows the algorithm's code, but does not get to know the randomized results of the algorithm.
The adaptive online adversary is sometimes called the medium adversary. This adversary must make its own decision before it is allowed to know the decision of the algorithm.
The adaptive offline adversary is sometimes called the strong adversary. This adversary knows everything, even the random number generator. This adversary is so strong that randomization does not help against it.
Important results
From S. Ben-David, A. Borodin, R. Karp, G. Tardos, A. Wigderson we have:
If there is a randomized algorithm that is α-competitive against any adaptive offline adversary then there also exists an α-competitive deterministic algorithm.
If G is a c-competitive randomized algorithm against any adaptive online adversary, and there is a randomized d-competitive algorithm against any oblivious adversary, then G is a randomized (c * d)-competitive algorithm against any adaptive |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive%20analysis%20%28online%20algorithm%29 | Competitive analysis is a method invented for analyzing online algorithms, in which the performance of an online algorithm (which must satisfy an unpredictable sequence of requests, completing each request without being able to see the future) is compared to the performance of an optimal offline algorithm that can view the sequence of requests in advance. An algorithm is competitive if its competitive ratio—the ratio between its performance and the offline algorithm's performance—is bounded. Unlike traditional worst-case analysis, where the performance of an algorithm is measured only for "hard" inputs, competitive analysis requires that an algorithm perform well both on hard and easy inputs, where "hard" and "easy" are defined by the performance of the optimal offline algorithm.
For many algorithms, performance is dependent not only on the size of the inputs, but also on their values. For example, sorting an array of elements varies in difficulty depending on the initial order. Such data-dependent algorithms are analysed for average-case and worst-case data. Competitive analysis is a way of doing worst case analysis for on-line and randomized algorithms, which are typically data dependent.
In competitive analysis, one imagines an "adversary" which deliberately chooses difficult data, to maximize the ratio of the cost of the algorithm being studied and some optimal algorithm. When considering a randomized algorithm, one must further distinguish between an oblivious ad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adleman%E2%80%93Pomerance%E2%80%93Rumely%20primality%20test | In computational number theory, the Adleman–Pomerance–Rumely primality test is an algorithm for determining whether a number is prime. Unlike other, more efficient algorithms for this purpose, it avoids the use of random numbers, so it is a deterministic primality test. It is named after its discoverers, Leonard Adleman, Carl Pomerance, and Robert Rumely. The test involves arithmetic in cyclotomic fields.
It was later improved by Henri Cohen and Hendrik Willem Lenstra, commonly referred to as APR-CL. It can test primality of an integer n in time:
Software implementations
UBASIC provides an implementation under the name APRT-CLE (APR Test CL extended)
A factoring applet that uses APR-CL on certain conditions (source code included)
Pari/GP uses APR-CL conditionally in its implementation of isprime().
mpz_aprcl is an open source implementation using C and GMP.
Jean Penné's LLR uses APR-CL on certain types of prime tests as a fallback option.
References
APR and APR-CL
Primality tests |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-boundary%20catalysis | In chemistry, phase-boundary catalysis (PBC) is a type of heterogeneous catalytic system which facilitates the chemical reaction of a particular chemical component in an immiscible phase to react on a catalytic active site located at a phase boundary. The chemical component is soluble in one phase but insoluble in the other. The catalyst for PBC has been designed in which the external part of the zeolite is hydrophobic, internally it is usually hydrophilic, notwithstanding to polar nature of some reactants. In this sense, the medium environment in this system is close to that of an enzyme. The major difference between this system and enzyme is lattice flexibility. The lattice of zeolite is rigid, whereas the enzyme is flexible.
Design of phase-boundary catalyst
Phase-boundary catalytic (PBC) systems can be contrasted with conventional catalytic systems. PBC is primarily applicable to reactions at the interface of an aqueous phase and organic phase. In these cases, an approach such as PBC is needed due to the immiscibility of aqueous phases with most organic substrate. In PBC, the catalyst acts at the interface between the aqueous and organic phases. The reaction medium of phase boundary catalysis systems for the catalytic reaction of immiscible aqueous and organic phases consists of three phases; an organic liquid phase, containing most of the substrate, an aqueous liquid phase containing most of the substrate in aqueous phase and the solid catalyst.
In case of conventiona |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20sequence | In probability theory – specifically in the theory of stochastic processes, a stationary sequence is a random sequence whose joint probability distribution is invariant over time. If a random sequence X j is stationary then the following holds:
where F is the joint cumulative distribution function of the random variables in the subscript.
If a sequence is stationary then it is wide-sense stationary.
If a sequence is stationary then it has a constant mean (which may not be finite):
See also
Stationary process
References
Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing: Third Edition by Henry Stark and John W. Woods. Prentice-Hall, 2002.
Sequences and series
Time series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS3 | The HIS3 gene, found in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, encodes a protein called Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase which catalyses the sixth step in histidine biosynthesis. It is analogous to hisB in Escherichia coli.
Exploits
Mutations in Escherichia coli'''s analogous gene, hisB allows researchers to select only those individuals expressing the HIS3 gene included on a plasmid. The HIS3 gene is coupled to a certain promoter which can only be activated by successful binding of the relevant transcription factors. This is used in certain methods of bacterial two-hybrid screening to allow the survival of E. coli'' in which a desired protein-DNA or protein-protein interaction is taking place.
References
Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HisB | The hisB gene, found in the enterobacteria (such as E. coli), in Campylobacter jejuni and in Xylella/Xanthomonas encodes a protein involved in catalysis of two step in histidine biosynthesis (the sixth and eight step), namely the bifunctional Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase/histidinol-phosphatase.
The former function (), found at the N-terminal, dehydrated d-erythroimidazoleglycerolphosphate to imidazoleacetolphosphate, the latter function (), found at the C-terminal, dephosphorylates l-histidinolphosphate producing histidinol.
The firth step is catalysed instead by histadinolphosphate aminotransferase (encoded by hisC)
The peptide is 40.5kDa and associates to form a hexamer (unless truncated)
In E. coli hisB is found on the hisGDCBHAFI operon
The phosphatase activity possess a substrate ambiguity and overexpression of hisB can rescue phosphoserine phosphatase (serB) knockouts.
Reactions
hisB-N
D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O
hisB-C
L-histidinol phosphate + H2O L-histidinol + phosphate
Non-fusion protein in other species
HIS3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not a fused IGP dehydratase and hisidinol phosphatase, but an IGPD only (homologous to hisB-N). Whereas HIS2 is the HP (analogous to hisB-C, called hisJ in some prokaryotes).
References
Genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mair%20caste | Mair is a rajput community traditionally found in northern India .
Caste identity
The Mair community was among those that challenged their official classification by the British Raj administration, which was based in large part upon the theories of Herbert Hope Risley. Under this system, the various communities of India were assigned a position on the social ladder in order to assist in categorisation for the 1901 census. In 1911, a caste association - Hindu Mair Rajput and Tank Kshatriya Rajput Sabha of Lahore - petitioned the authorities in an attempt to overturn the classification that had been designated for both the Mair and the Tank communities, stating that
References
Further reading
Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal. The Making of Early Medieval India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Jain, Kailash Chand. Ancient Cities and Towns of Rajasthan. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1972.
Saggar, Balraj. Who's Who in the History of Punjab: 1800-1849. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993.
Singh, K.S. National Series Volume VIII: Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames, & Titles. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal. The History of India: 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D. Jaipur, Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co., 1964.
Walker, Benjamin. The Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. New York: Frederick Praeger, 1968.
Indian castes
Punjabi tribes
Sunar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopantetheine | Phosphopantetheine, also known as 4'-phosphopantetheine, is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). It is also present in formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
Subsequent to the expression of the apo acyl carrier protein, 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety is attached to a serine residue. The coupling involves formation of a phosphodiester linkage. This coupling is mediated by acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS), a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase.
Phosphopantetheine prosthetic group covalently links to the acyl group via a high energy thioester bond. The flexibility and length of the phosphopantetheine chain (approximately 2 nm) allows the covalently tethered intermediates to access spatially distinct enzyme-active sites. This accessibility increases the effective molarity of the intermediate and allows an assembly line-like process.
See also
Fatty acid synthase
Pantothenic acid
References
Biomolecules
Metabolism
Thiols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Gholamin | Mohammad Gholamin Noveirsari (, born 11 February 1986 in Bandar-e Anzali, Iran) is an Iranian football player.
He was also a member of Iran national under-23 football team.
Club statistics
Assist Goals
External links
Persian League Profile
Iranian men's footballers
1986 births
Living people
Footballers from Bandar-e Anzali
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Azadegan League players
Malavan F.C. players
Paykan F.C. players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Steel Azin F.C. players
Payam Khorasan F.C. players
F.C. Aboomoslem players
Gahar Zagros F.C. players
Asian Games bronze medalists for Iran
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Men's association football forwards
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
21st-century Iranian people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFV1 | FFV1 (short for FF Video 1) is a lossless intra-frame video coding format. It can use either variable-length coding or arithmetic coding for entropy coding. The encoder and decoder are part of the free, open-source library libavcodec in the project FFmpeg since June 2003. FFV1 is also included in ffdshow and LAV Filters, which makes the video codec available to Microsoft Windows applications that support system-wide codecs over Video for Windows (VfW) or DirectShow.
FFV1 is particularly popular for its performance regarding speed and size, compared to other lossless preservation codecs, such as M-JPEG2000.
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) lists FFV1 under the codec-family index "31" in their combined list of video codec references.
It has been standardized at the IETF under RFC 9043.
Video archiving
For long-term preservation of digital video sustainable container formats as well as audio/video codecs are necessary.
There is no consensus to date among the archival community as to which file format or codecs should be used for preservation purposes for digital video. The previously proclaimed encodings were Motion JPEG 2000 (lossless) and uncompressed video.
FFV1 proved to be a viable archival encoding and the U.S. Library of Congress began regarding it as a suitable option for preservation encoding in 2014. With compression ratios comparable to lossless JPEG 2000 and lower computing requirements, it is being used by archives, particularly where the collections do no |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20equation | The Mason equation is an approximate analytical expression for the growth (due to condensation) or evaporation of a water droplet—it is due to the meteorologist B. J. Mason. The expression is found by recognising that mass diffusion towards the water drop in a supersaturated environment transports energy as latent heat, and this has to be balanced by the diffusion of sensible heat back across the boundary layer, (and the energy of heatup of the drop, but for a cloud-sized drop this last term is usually small).
Equation
In Mason's formulation the changes in temperature across the boundary layer can be related to the changes in saturated vapour pressure by the Clausius–Clapeyron relation; the two energy transport terms must be nearly equal but opposite in sign and so this sets the interface temperature of the drop. The resulting expression for the growth rate is significantly lower than that expected if the drop were not warmed by the latent heat.
Thus if the drop has a size r, the inward mass flow rate is given by
and the sensible heat flux by
and the final expression for the growth rate is
where
S is the supersaturation far from the drop
L is the latent heat
K is the vapour thermal conductivity
D is the binary diffusion coefficient
R is the gas constant
References
Thermodynamic equations
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%20locus | In neuroscience the bridge locus for a particular sensory percept is a hypothetical set of neurons whose activity is the basis of that sensory percept. The term was introduced by D.N. Teller and E.Y. Pugh Jr. in 1983, and has been sparingly used. Activity in the bridge locus neurons is postulated to be necessary and sufficient for sensory perception: if the bridge locus neurons are not active, then the sensory perception does not occur, regardless of the actual sensory input. Conversely if the bridge locus neurons are active, then sensory perception occurs, regardless of the actual sensory input. It is the highest neural level of a sensory perception. So, for example, retinal neurons are not considered a bridge locus for visual perception because stimulating visual cortex can give rise to visual percepts.
Not all scholars believe in such a neural correlate of consciousness. Pessoa et al., for example, argue that there is no necessity for a bridge locus, basing their argument on the requirement of an isomorphism between neural states and conscious states. Thompson argues that there are good reasons to think that the notion of a bridge locus, which he calls a "localizationist approach", is misguided, questioning the premise that there has to be one particular neural stage whose activity forms the immediate substrate of perception. He argues, based upon work by Zeki & Shipp, DeYoe & Van Essen, and others, that brain regions are not independent stages or modules but have dense f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanks%27%20salts | Hanks' salts is a collective group of salts rich in bicarbonate ions, formulated in 1940 by the microbiologist John H. Hanks. Typically, they are used as a buffer system in cell culture media and aid in maintaining the optimum physiological pH (roughly 7.0–7.4) for cellular growth. Due to their poorly reactive nature and small concentration in solution, Hanks' salts are mainly used in media that are exposed to atmospheric conditions as opposed to incubation. Performing the latter drastically exceeds the buffer capacity of Hanks' salts and may result in cell death.
The recipe according to AATBIO
Table 1. Required components
Prepare 800 mL of distilled water in a suitable container.
Add 8 g of NaCl to the solution.
Add 400 mg of KCl to the solution.
Add 140 mg of CaCl2 to the solution.
Add 100 mg of MgSO4-7H2O to the solution.
Add 100 mg of MgCl2-6H2O to the solution.
Add 60 mg of Na2HPO4-2H2O to the solution.
Add 60 mg of KH2PO4 to the solution.
Add 1 g of D-Glucose (Dextrose) to the solution.
Add 350 mg of NaHCO3 to the solution.
Add distilled water until volume is 1 L.
References
Buffer solutions
Cell culture media |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20Maxam | Allan Maxam (born October 28, 1942) is one of the pioneers of molecular genetics. He was one of the contributors to develop a DNA sequencing method at Harvard University, while working as a student in the laboratory of Walter Gilbert.
Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam developed a DNA sequencing method - now called Maxam-Gilbert sequencing - which combined chemicals that cut DNA only at specific bases with radioactive labeling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the sequence of long DNA segments.
Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert’s 1977 paper “A new method for sequencing DNA” was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for 2017. It was presented to the Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University.
References
Gilbert, Walter and Maxam. Allan, The Nucleotide Sequence of the Lac Operator, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3581-3584 (1973).
Maxam AM, Tizard R, Skryabin KG, Gilbert W, Promoter region for yeast 5S ribosomal RNA, Nature. 1977 June 16;267(5612):643-5
See also
Walter Gilbert
Fred Sanger
1942 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
American geneticists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20MG2 | British NVC community MG2 (Arrhenatherum elatius- Filipendula ulmaria tall-herb grassland) is one of the mesotrophic grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system.
It is a localised community found only in northern England. There are two subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Wild Angelica (Angelica sylvestris)
False Oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius)
Crosswort (Cruciata laevipes)
Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata)
Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas)
Broad-leaved Willowherb (Epilobium montanum)
Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
Water Avens (Geum rivale)
Common Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium)
Dog's Mercury (Mercurialis perennis)
Rough Meadow-grass (Poa trivialis)
Red Campion (Silene dioica)
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
Common Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)
Swartz's Feather-moss (Eurhynchium swartzii)
Hart's-tongue Thyme-moss (Plagiomnium undulatum)
Dented Silk-moss (Plagiothecium denticulatum)
Bifid Crestwort (Lophocolea bidentata sensu lato)
One rare species, Jacob's-ladder (Polemonium caeruleum), is associated with this community.
Distribution
This community is confined to a small number of localities in northern England - in Derbyshire, Craven and the Cheviots.
Subcommunities
There are two subcommunities:
the Filipendula ulmaria subcommunity
the Polemonium caeruleum subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1992) British Plant |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dala%20Airport | Dala Airport or Borlänge Airport is situated southeast of Borlänge, a city in the Dalarna province of Sweden. It is also 20 minutes from the city of Falun.
History
The airfield was built during the Second World War and was modernized in 1961. In mid 1960 the first civilian airlines arrived at Dala Airport. A new terminal building was completed in 1972 and Dala Airport AB took over the airport. The airfield was owned by the Swedish military until 2007.
The all-time-high number of passengers was 210,000 in 1989. Until around 1992, airlines had monopoly per route, but prices were regulated with a fixed maximum price per seat kilometer. Managers in the public and private sector were freely allowed to choose air for work travel. After 1992 free competition was introduced, and the price regulation was removed. More strict rules for work travel cost for public sector managers were introduced. Smaller routes like Borlänge–Stockholm still had only one operator so prices increased. Necessary routes were supported by the government, which did not include Borlänge since train or car travel times are fairly short. The raised prices caused many business travellers to use train or car, causing losses for the operator, which raised prices and used smaller aircraft, further decreasing passenger figures. In 2006 there were about 33,000 passengers at Borlänge airport, declining from the previous years.
The 166 km (by air) long Stockholm route was closed down in June 2011, then reopened for a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone-sensitive%20lipase | Hormone-sensitive lipase (, HSL), also previously known as cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH), sometimes referred to as triacylglycerol lipase, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LIPE gene, and catalyzes the following reaction:
(1) diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate
(2) triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate
(3) monoacylglycerol + -H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate
HSL is an intracellular neutral lipase capable of hydrolyzing a variety of esters. The enzyme has a long and a short form. The long form is expressed in steroidogenic tissues such as testis, where it converts cholesteryl esters to free cholesterol for steroid hormone production. The short form is expressed in adipose tissue, among others, where it hydrolyzes stored triglycerides to free fatty acids.
Nomenclature
During fasting-state the increased free fatty acid secretion by adipocyte cells was attributed to the hormone epinephrine, hence the name "hormone-sensitive lipase". Other catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) can also stimulate such responses. Such enzymatic action plays a key role in providing major source of energy for most cells.
Activation
Extracellular hormones, such as glucagon, epinephrine, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, or ACTH, bind to their respective G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR). When a GPCR is activated by its extracellular ligand, a conformational change is induced in the receptor that is transmitted to an attached intra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel%20C%2B%2B%20Compiler | Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler and Intel C++ Compiler Classic (deprecated icc and icl is in Intel OneAPI HPC toolkit) are Intel’s C, C++, SYCL, and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) compilers for Intel processor-based systems, available for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems.
Overview
Intel oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler is available for Windows and Linux and supports compiling C, C++, SYCL, and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++) source, targeting Intel IA-32, Intel 64 (aka x86-64), Core, Xeon, and Xeon Scalable processors, as well as GPUs including Intel Processor Graphics Gen9 and above, Intel Xe architecture, and Intel Programmable Acceleration Card with Intel Arria 10 GX FPGA. Like Intel C++ Compiler Classic, it also supports the Microsoft Visual Studio and Eclipse IDE development environments, and supports threading via Intel oneAPI Threading Building Blocks, OpenMP, and native threads.
DPC++ builds on the SYCL specification from The Khronos Group. It is designed to allow developers to reuse code across hardware targets (CPUs and accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs) and perform custom tuning for a specific accelerator. DPC++ comprises C++17 and SYCL language features and incorporates open-source community extensions that make SYCL easier to use. Many of these extensions were adopted by the SYCL 2020 provisional specification including unified shared memory, group algorithms, and sub-groups.
Intel announced in August 2021 the complete adoption of LLVM for faster build times and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20with%20Judy%20Garland%3A%20Me%20and%20My%20Shadows | Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows is a 2001 American two-part, four-hour biographical television miniseries based on the 1998 book Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir written by Lorna Luft, the daughter of legendary singer-actress Judy Garland. The miniseries was directed by Robert Allan Ackerman and originally broadcast in two parts on ABC on February 25 and 26, 2001.
The miniseries is notable for its meticulous recreations of Garland's films and concerts, and verisimilitudinous impressions of her by Tammy Blanchard and Judy Davis. Her original recordings are used to dub Davis' singing.
Overview
The miniseries, which chronicles Garland's life from her first public performance in 1924 until her death in 1969, is divided into two parts: the first part depicts her rise to fame in the 1930s, her descent into drugs, and her fall from grace in the 1950s. The second part begins with her marriage to Sid Luft, and proceeds to chronicle her successful return to movies with A Star Is Born, concert performances, her personal issues and her death at the age of 47. Davis' performance was critically acclaimed: she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie.
Principal photography began on 31 July 2000 and completed on September 29, 2000.https://prod-www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/465869/life-with-judy-garland-me-and-my-shadows/#overview
Plot
Part 1
Christmas 1924: Two-year-old Frances Gu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax%20gene%20product | A Tax Gene Product (Tax) is a nuclear protein that has a molecular weight of about 37,000 to 40,000 daltons.
Tax gene
Tax is produced by members of the retroviral family primate T-lymphotropic virus, which are classified as Deltaretroviruses. This includes Human T-lymphotrophic viruses (HTLVs), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) and simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLVs). The tax protein produced from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been most extensively studied. The gene for Tax is found within the pX region between the env gene and one of the long terminal repeats of the viral genome; which is where the name Tax comes from (transactivator from the X-gene region). Tax acts as a transactivator, causing the transcription (production of mRNA from genetic code) of viral proteins in the long terminal repeat that are essential for replication.
Role in disease
HTLV-1 causes an aggressive form of leukaemia: adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), and Tax has largely been implicated in the oncogenic potential of this virus. In addition to Tax's ability to promote the transcription of viral proteins in the nucleus, it also regulates many human genes. It does this by modulating the activity of several signaling pathways such as: CREB/ATF, NF-κB, AP-1 and SRF. Tax modulates cellular processes by protein-protein interaction (binding with proteins), transcriptional activation (promoting the production of proteins) and transcriptional repression (inhibiting the production of proteins). Cellular processes that T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394%20First%20League%20of%20FR%20Yugoslavia | Statistics of First League of FR Yugoslavia () for the 1993–94 season.
Overview
The league was divided into 2 groups, A and B, consisting each of 10 clubs. Both groups were played in league system. By winter break all clubs in each group meet each other twice, home and away, with the bottom four classified from A group moving to the group B, and being replaced by the top four from the B group. At the end of the season the same situation happened with four teams being replaced from A and B groups, adding the fact that the bottom three clubs from the B group were relegated into the Second League of FR Yugoslavia for the next season and replaced by the top three from that league.
At the end of the season FK Partizan became champions, with their striker Savo Milošević the league's top-scorer with 21 goals.
The relegated clubs were OFK Kikinda, FK Mogren and FK Jastrebac Niš.
Teams
Autumn
IA league
Table
Bonus point
13: Partizan (7 for 1st place, 6 for obtaining 27-29 points)
11: Red Star (6 for 2nd place, 5 for obtaining 24-26 points)
10: Vojvodina (5 for 3rd place, 5 for obtaining 24-26 points)
8: Zemun (5 for 4th place, 3 for obtaining 18-20 points)
7: Proleter (4 for 5th place, 3 for obtaining 18-20 points)
7: Budućnost (4 for 6th place, 3 for obtaining 18-20 points)
Results
IB league
Table
Bonus point
7: OFK Beograd (3 for 1st place, 4 for obtaining 21-23 points)
6: Spartak Subotica (2 for 2nd place, 4 for obtaining 21-23 points)
4: Radnički Jugopetrol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/130%20nm%20process | The 130 nanometer (130 nm) process is a level of semiconductor process technology that was reached in the 2000–2001 timeframe, by most leading semiconductor companies, like Intel, Texas Instruments, IBM, and TSMC.
The origin of the 130 nm value is historical, as it reflects a trend of 70% scaling every 2–3 years. The naming is formally determined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS).
Some of the first CPUs manufactured with this process include Intel Tualatin family of Pentium III processors.
Processors using 130 nm manufacturing technology
Motorola PowerPC 7447 and 7457 2002
IBM Gekko (GameCube)
IBM PowerPC G5 970 - October 2002 - June 2003
Intel Pentium III Tualatin - 2001-06
Intel Celeron Tualatin-256 - 2001-10-02
Intel Pentium M Banias - 2003-03-12
Intel Pentium 4 Northwood - 2002-01-07
Intel Celeron Northwood-128 - 2002-09-18
Intel Xeon Prestonia and Gallatin - 2002-02-25
VIA C3 - 2001
AMD Athlon XP Thoroughbred, Thorton, and Barton
AMD Athlon MP Thoroughbred - 2002-08-27
AMD Athlon XP-M Thoroughbred, Barton, and Dublin
AMD Duron Applebred - 2003-08-21
AMD K7 Sempron Thoroughbred-B, Thorton, and Barton - 2004-07-28
AMD K8 Sempron Paris - 2004-07-28
AMD Athlon 64 Clawhammer and Newcastle - 2003-09-23
AMD Opteron Sledgehammer - 2003-06-30
Elbrus 2000 1891ВМ4Я (1891VM4YA) - 2008-04-27
MCST-R500S 1891BM3 - 2008-07-27
Vortex 86SX -
References
00130 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/180%20nm%20process | The 180 nm process is a MOSFET (CMOS) semiconductor process technology that was commercialized around the 1998–2000 timeframe by leading semiconductor companies, starting with TSMC and Fujitsu, then followed by Sony, Toshiba, Intel, AMD, Texas Instruments and IBM.
History
The origin of the 180 nm value is historical, as it reflects a trend of 70% scaling every 2–3 years. The naming is formally determined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS).
Some of the first CPUs manufactured with this process include Intel Coppermine family of Pentium III processors. This was the first technology using a gate length shorter than that of light used for contemporary lithography, which had a wavelength of 193 nm.
Some more recent microprocessors and microcontrollers (e.g. PIC) are using this technology because it is typically low cost and does not require upgrading of existing equipment. In 2022, Google sponsored open-source hardware projects using GlobalFoundries 180nm MCU (microcontroller) process on multi-project wafers.
In 1988, an IBM research team led by Iranian engineer Bijan Davari fabricated a 180nm dual-gate MOSFET using a CMOS process. The 180nm CMOS process was later commercialized by TSMC in 1998, and then Fujitsu in 1999.
Processors using 180 nm manufacturing technology
Intel Coppermine E—October 1999
ATI Radeon R100 and RV100 Radeon 7000—2000
Nintendo GameCube's Gekko CPU—2000
Sony PlayStation 2's Emotion Engine and Graphics Synthesizer—Ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successive%20linear%20programming | Successive Linear Programming (SLP), also known as Sequential Linear Programming, is an optimization technique for approximately solving nonlinear optimization problems. It is related to, but distinct from, quasi-Newton methods.
Starting at some estimate of the optimal solution, the method is based on solving a sequence of first-order approximations (i.e. linearizations) of the model. The linearizations are linear programming problems, which can be solved efficiently. As the linearizations need not be bounded, trust regions or similar techniques are needed to ensure convergence in theory.
SLP has been used widely in the petrochemical industry since the 1970s.
See also
Sequential quadratic programming
Sequential linear-quadratic programming
Augmented Lagrangian method
References
Sources
Optimization algorithms and methods |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A146%20road | The A146 is an A road that connects Norwich in Norfolk and Lowestoft in Suffolk, two of East Anglia's largest population centres. It is around in length and has primary classification along its entire route. It is mainly single carriageway throughout its route, with the exception of a section of dual carriageway on the southern edge of Norwich.
Route description
The A146 begins in Norwich before passing through a mainly rural area on its route to the eastern edge of Lowestoft.
Norwich
The A146 starts to the south of Norwich city centre as part of the city ring road. It begins at a junction with the A140 Ipswich Road and forms a section of the ring road which is approximately long, running to the east where it reaches a junction with the A1054. The A146 then runs south-easterly out of the city, a direction it generally continues in for the rest of its route, initially as a section of dual carriageway around in length, crossing the main Norwich to London railway line and the River Yare and bypassing the village of Trowse. The road passes under the A47 southern bypass with junctions controlled by traffic lights allowing access to and from the A47 and reaches a junction with the B1332, the former northern terminus of the A144.
Before the construction of the southern bypass the A146 began in the centre of Norwich and ran through Trowse.
Norwich to Beccles
After leaving Norwich the A146 returns to a single carriageway and runs through a rural section towards the town of B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanh-sinh%20quadrature | Tanh-sinh quadrature is a method for numerical integration introduced by Hidetoshi Takahashi and Masatake Mori in 1974.
It is especially applied where singularities or infinite derivatives exist at one or both endpoints.
The method uses hyperbolic functions in the change of variables
to transform an integral on the interval x ∈ (−1, 1) to an integral on the entire real line t ∈ (−∞, ∞), the two integrals having the same value.
After this transformation, the integrand decays with a double exponential rate, and thus, this method is also known as the double exponential (DE) formula.
For a given step size , the integral is approximated by the sum
with the abscissas
and the weights
Use
The Tanh-Sinh method is quite insensitive to endpoint behavior. Should singularities or infinite derivatives exist at one or both endpoints of the (−1, 1) interval, these are mapped to the (−∞,∞) endpoints of the transformed interval, forcing the endpoint singularities and infinite derivatives to vanish. This results in a great enhancement of the accuracy of the numerical integration procedure, which is typically performed by the Trapezoidal rule. In most cases, the transformed integrand displays a rapid roll-off (decay), enabling the numerical integrator to quickly achieve convergence.
Like Gaussian quadrature, Tanh-Sinh quadrature is well suited for arbitrary-precision integration, where an accuracy of hundreds or even thousands of digits is desired. The convergence is exponential (in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-adaptive%20sequential%20testing | Computer-adaptive sequential testing (CAST) is another term for multistage testing. A CAST test is a type of computer-adaptive test or computerized classification test that uses pre-defined groups of items called testlets rather than operating at the level of individual items. CAST is a term introduced by psychometricians working for the National Board of Medical Examiners. In CAST, the testlets are referred to as panels.
References
Psychometrics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetralin | Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) is a hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H12. It is a partially hydrogenated derivative of naphthalene. It is a colorless liquid that is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent.
Production
Tetralin is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene.
Although nickel catalysts are traditionally employed, many variations have been evaluated. Over-hydrogenation converts tetralin into decahydronaphthalene (decalin). Rarely encountered is dihydronaphthalene (dialin).
Laboratory methods
In a classic named reaction called the Darzens tetralin synthesis, named for Auguste Georges Darzens (1926), derivatives can be prepared by intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of a 1-aryl-pent-4-ene using concentrated sulfuric acid,
Uses
Tetralin is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent, for example in coal liquifaction. It functions as a source of H2, which is transferred to the coal. The partially hydrogenated coal is more soluble.
It has been used in sodium-cooled fast reactors as a secondary coolant to keep sodium seals around pump impellers solidified; however its use has been superseded by NaK.
It is also used for the laboratory synthesis of hydrogen bromide:
C10H12 + 4 Br2 → C10H8Br4 + 4 HBr
The facility of this reaction is in part a consequence of the moderated strength of the benzylic C-H bonds.
Safety
(rats, oral) is 2.68 g/kg. Tetralin induces methemoglobinemia.
References
Aromatic solvents
Aromatic hydrocarbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Moner | Fernando Daniel Moner (born 30 December 1967) is a retired Argentine football player.
Club statistics
External links
1967 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
La Liga players
Atlético Madrid footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Japan Soccer League players
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama Flügels players
Yokohama FC players
Atlético Tucumán footballers
Club Atlético Platense footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Men's association football defenders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinkman%20number | The Brinkman number (Br) is a dimensionless number related to heat conduction from a wall to a flowing viscous fluid, commonly used in polymer processing. It is named after the Dutch mathematician and physicist Henri Brinkman. There are several definitions; one is
where
μ is the dynamic viscosity;
u is the flow velocity;
κ is the thermal conductivity;
T0 is the bulk fluid temperature;
Tw is the wall temperature;
Pr is the Prandtl number
Ec is the Eckert number
It is the ratio between heat produced by viscous dissipation and heat transported by molecular conduction. i.e., the ratio of viscous heat generation to external heating. The higher its value, the slower the conduction of heat produced by viscous dissipation and hence the larger the temperature rise.
In, for example, a screw extruder, the energy supplied to the polymer melt comes primarily from two sources:
viscous heat generated by shear between elements of the flowing liquid moving at different velocities;
direct heat conduction from the wall of the extruder.
The former is supplied by the motor turning the screw, the latter by heaters. The Brinkman number is a measure of the ratio of the two.
References
Continuum mechanics
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics
Polymer chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChlmann%20decompression%20algorithm | The Bühlmann decompression set of parameters is an Haldanian mathematical model (algorithm) of the way in which inert gases enter and leave the human body as the ambient pressure changes. Versions are used to create Bühlmann decompression tables and in personal dive computers to compute no-decompression limits and decompression schedules for dives in real-time. These decompression tables allow divers to plan the depth and duration for dives and the required decompression stops.
The sets of parameters have been developed by Swiss physician Dr. Albert A. Bühlmann, who did research into decompression theory at the Laboratory of Hyperbaric Physiology at the University Hospital in Zürich, Switzerland.
The results of Bühlmann's research that began in 1959 were published in a 1983 German book whose English translation was entitled Decompression-Decompression Sickness. The book was regarded as the most complete public reference on decompression calculations and was used soon after in dive computer algorithms.
The model (Haldane, 1908) assumes perfusion limited gas exchange and multiple parallel tissue compartments and uses an inverse exponential model for in-gassing and out-gassing, both of which are assumed to occur in the dissolved phase.
Principles
Building on the previous work of John Scott Haldane (The Haldane model, Royal Navy, 1908) and Robert Workman (M-Values, US-Navy, 1965) and working off funding from Shell Oil Company, Bühlmann designed studies to establish the longest |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilks%27s%20lambda%20distribution | In statistics, Wilks' lambda distribution (named for Samuel S. Wilks), is a probability distribution used in multivariate hypothesis testing, especially with regard to the likelihood-ratio test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Definition
Wilks' lambda distribution is defined from two independent Wishart distributed variables as the ratio distribution of their determinants,
given
independent and with
where p is the number of dimensions. In the context of likelihood-ratio tests m is typically the error degrees of freedom, and n is the hypothesis degrees of freedom, so that is the total degrees of freedom.
Approximations
Computations or tables of the Wilks' distribution for higher dimensions are not readily available and one usually resorts to approximations.
One approximation is attributed to M. S. Bartlett and works for large m allows Wilks' lambda to be approximated with a chi-squared distribution
Another approximation is attributed to C. R. Rao.
Properties
There is a symmetry among the parameters of the Wilks distribution,
Related distributions
The distribution can be related to a product of independent beta-distributed random variables
As such it can be regarded as a multivariate generalization of the beta distribution.
It follows directly that for a one-dimension problem, when the Wishart distributions are one-dimensional with (i.e., chi-squared-distributed), then the Wilks' distribution equals the beta-distribution with a certain paramete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20CG2 | NVC community CG2 (Festuca ovina - Avenula pratensis grassland) is one of the calcicolous grassland communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of three short-sward communities associated with heavy grazing, within the lowland calcicolous grassland group, and is regarded as "typical" chalk grassland.
It is a comparatively widely distributed community. There are four subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Meadow Oat-grass (Avenula pratensis)
Quaking-grass (Briza media)
Glaucous Sedge (Carex flacca)
Sheep's Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Mouse-ear Hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella)
Crested Hair-grass (Koeleria macrantha)
Rough Hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)
Fairy Flax (Linum catharticum)
Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
Small Scabious (Scabiosa columbaria)
Wild Thyme (Thymus praecox)
The following rare species are also associated with the community:
Man Orchid (Aceras anthropophorum)
Ground-pine (Ajuga chamaepitys)
Purple Milk-vetch (Astragalus danicus)
Great Pignut (Bunium bulbocastanum)
Rare Spring Sedge (Carex ericetorum)
Dwarf Sedge (Carex humilis)
Soft-leaved Sedge (Carex montana)
Dwarf Mouse-ear (Cerastium pumilum)
Tuberous Thistle (Cirsium tuberosum)
Chalk Eyebright (Euphrasia pseudokerneri)
Slender Bedstraw (Galium pumilum)
Limestone Bedstraw (Galium sterneri)
Early Gentian (Gentia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirmuk%C3%BCla | Hirmuküla (German: Hirmoküll) is a village in Mulgi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It borders the villages Mäeküla, Sudiste, Karksi, Oti, Morna and Tuhalaane as well as Viljandi Parish. The name means village of fear in Estonian.
References
Villages in Viljandi County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oti%2C%20Viljandi%20County | Oti is a village in Mulgi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It borders the villages Hirmuküla, Karksi, Pärsi and Morna.
References
Villages in Viljandi County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADALINE | ADALINE (Adaptive Linear Neuron or later Adaptive Linear Element) is an early single-layer artificial neural network and the name of the physical device that implemented this network. The network uses memistors. It was developed by professor Bernard Widrow and his doctoral student Ted Hoff at Stanford University in 1960. It is based on the perceptron. It consists of a weight, a bias and a summation function.
The difference between Adaline and the standard (McCulloch–Pitts) perceptron is in how they learn. Adaline unit weights are adjusted to match a teacher signal, before applying the Heaviside function (see figure), but the standard perceptron unit weights are adjusted to match the correct output, after applying the Heaviside function.
A multilayer network of ADALINE units is a MADALINE.
Definition
Adaline is a single layer neural network with multiple nodes where each node accepts multiple inputs and generates one output. Given the following variables as:
is the input vector
is the weight vector
is the number of inputs
some constant
is the output of the model
then we find that the output is . If we further assume that
then the output further reduces to:
Learning rule
The learning rule used by ADALINE is the LMS ("least mean squares") algorithm, a special case of gradient descent.
Define the following notations:
is the learning rate (some positive constant)
is the output of the model
is the target (desired) output
is the square of the error.
The LMS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality%20Medical%20Data%20System | The Mortality Medical Data System (MMDS) is used to automate the entry, classification, and retrieval of cause-of-death information reported on death certificates throughout the United States and in many other countries. The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) began the system's development in 1967.
The system has facilitated the standardization of mortality information within the United States, and ACME has become the de facto international standard for the automated selection of the underlying cause of death from multiple conditions listed on a death certificate.
System components
The MMDS system consists of the following components, and is itself part of the National Vital Statistics System.
MICAR
There are two Mortality Medical Indexing, Classification, and Retrieval components.
SuperMICAR automates the MICAR data entry process. This program is designed as an enhancement of the earlier PC-MICAR Data Entry program. Super-MICAR is designed to automatically encode cause-of-death data into numeric entity reference numbers.
MICAR200 automates the multiple cause coding rules and assigns International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) codes to each numeric entity reference number.
ACME
The Automated Classification of Medical Entities program automates the underlying cause-of-death coding rules. The input to ACME is the multiple cause-of-death codes (ICD) assigned to each entity (e.g., disease condition, accident, or inju |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan%20hydroxylase | Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is an enzyme () involved in the synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin. Tyrosine hydroxylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase together constitute the family of biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. TPH catalyzes the following chemical reaction
L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 5-Hydroxytryptophan + dihydrobiopterin + H2O
It employs one additional cofactor, iron.
Function
It is responsible for addition of the -OH group (hydroxylation) to the 5 position to form the amino acid 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. It is also the first enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin.
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) are members of a superfamily of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, catalyzing key steps in important metabolic pathways. Analogously to phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase, this enzyme uses (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and dioxygen as cofactors.
In humans, the stimulation of serotonin production by administration of tryptophan has an antidepressant effect and inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase (e.g. by p-Chlorophenylalanine) may precipitate depression.
The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (i.e. the rate at which it converts L-tryptophan into the serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan) can be increas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information-based%20complexity | Information-based complexity (IBC) studies optimal algorithms and computational complexity for the continuous problems that arise in physical science, economics, engineering, and mathematical finance. IBC has studied such continuous problems as path integration, partial differential equations, systems of ordinary differential equations, nonlinear equations, integral equations, fixed points, and very-high-dimensional integration. All these problems involve functions (typically multivariate) of a real or complex variable. Since one can never obtain a closed-form solution to the problems of interest one has to settle for a numerical solution. Since a function of a real or complex variable cannot be entered into a digital computer, the solution of continuous problems involves partial information. To give a simple illustration, in the numerical approximation of an integral, only samples of the integrand at a finite number of points are available. In the numerical solution of partial differential equations the functions specifying the boundary conditions and the coefficients of the differential operator can only be sampled. Furthermore, this partial information can be expensive to obtain. Finally the information is often contaminated by noise.
The goal of information-based complexity is to create a theory of computational complexity and optimal algorithms for problems with partial, contaminated and priced information, and to apply the results to answering questions in various disc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Membranes | The Membranes are an English post-punk band formed in Blackpool, Lancashire in 1977, the initial line-up being John Robb (bass guitar), Mark Tilton (guitar), Martyn Critchley (vocals) and Martin Kelly (drums). Critchley soon left, with Robb and Tilton taking on vocals, and Kelly moving to keyboards, with "Coofy Sid" (Coulthart) taking over on drums.
Their first release was the "Flexible Membrane" flexi-disc in 1980, and over the next 11 years they went on to release six studio albums. Their first single proper, "Muscles", was a single of the week in the UK music press and a big club hit in New York being played in the Danceteria by the Beastie Boys eventual DJ Mojo and other New York DJs. Kelly left after "Muscles", to be replaced by Steve Farmery on guitar for the follow-up Pin Stripe Hype EP.
The band pioneered the avant noise scene of Big Black and Sonic Youth for several years with their "Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder" single and Death To Trad Rock EP and their debut Gift Of Life album. They were destined to be the first band to be signed to Alan McGee's Creation label, but the deal fell through when McGee could not afford to pay their studio bill for the "Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder" single. The band relocated to Manchester in 1983, and "Spike Milligan's Tape Recorder" was issued on the Criminal Damage label, which met with a positive critical response but distribution problems limited its impact. After The Membranes, Robb went on to form Sensuround and later Gold |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morna%2C%20Estonia | Morna is a village in Mulgi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It borders the villages Muri, Tuhalaane, Hirmuküla, Oti and Pärsi as well as other villages in the former Halliste Parish.
References
Villages in Viljandi County
Kreis Fellin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muri%2C%20Viljandi%20County | Muri is a village in Mulgi Parish in Viljandi County in southern Estonia. It borders the villages Suuga, Tuhalaane and Morna as well as other villages in the former parishes of Halliste and Paistu.
References
Villages in Viljandi County |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattusili | Ḫattušili (Ḫattušiliš in the inflected nominative case) was the regnal name of three Hittite kings:
Ḫattušili I (Labarna II)
Ḫattušili II
Ḫattušili III
It was also the name of two Neo-Hittite kings:
Ḫattušili I (Labarna II)
Ḫattušili II |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%208 | The Route nationale 8, or RN 8, was a trunk road (nationale) in southeast France between Aix-en-Provence and Toulon.
Reclassification
In a recent reorganisation of the French road network (2005) the RN8 has been downgraded and re-numbered as the RD8n in Bouches-du-Rhône and RDN8 in Var.
Route
Aix-en-Provence to Marseille (0 km to 23 km)
The road begins at a junction with the RN 7 in Aix as the Avenue Pierre Brossolette and heads South crossing the A8 autoroute as well as the A51 autoroute heading towards the Chaine de l'Étoile (670 m). The road crosses the A7 autoroute before entering the north west suburbs of Marseille reaching the water front in the city centre.
Marseille to Toulon (23 km to 84 km)
The RN 8 heads East alongside the A50 autoroute to Aubagne passing north of Mt. St. Cyr (609 m). The road heads Southeast below the Massif de la Sainte Baume and over the Col de l'Ange (218 m). The road then passes the Parc d'OK Corral and motor racing circuit Circuit du Castellet Paul Ricard. The road turns South past Le Beausset and the Gorges de Saint Anne as well as the le Gros Cerveau.
The road then enters La Seyne-sur-Mer and Western Toulon running along the waterfront and harbour. The road ends at the start of the A57 autoroute and the RN 97 and RN 98.
References
008 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIS-selective%20medium | HIS-selective medium is a type cell culture medium that lacks the amino acid histidine. It can be used with bacteria reliant on the expression of a gene encoding proteins involved in histidine expression in order to survive. Only bacteria expressing such genes (such as hisB in Escherichia coli and HIS3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) will survive on these media.
References
Cell culture media |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenyl%20ditelluride | Diphenylditelluride is the chemical compound with the formula (C6H5Te)2, abbreviated Ph2Te2 This orange-coloured solid is the oxidized derivative of the unstable benzenetellurol, PhTeH. Ph2Te2 is used as a source of the PhTe unit in organic synthesis and as a catalyst for redox reactions.
Preparation
Ph2Te2 is prepared by the oxidation of tellurophenolate, which is generated via the Grignard reagent:
PhMgBr + Te → PhTeMgBr
2PhTeMgBr + 0.5 O2 + H2O → Ph2Te2 + 2 MgBr(OH)
The molecule has C2 symmetry.
References
Phenyl compounds
Organotellurium compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendrin | Pendrin is an anion exchange protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC26A4 gene (solute carrier family 26, member 4).
Pendrin was initially identified as a sodium-independent chloride-iodide exchanger with subsequent studies showing that it also accepts formate and bicarbonate as substrates. Pendrin is similar to the Band 3 transport protein found in red blood cells. Pendrin is the protein which is mutated in Pendred syndrome, which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, goiter and a partial organification problem detectable by a positive perchlorate test.
Pendrin is responsible for mediating the electroneutral exchange of chloride (Cl−) for bicarbonate (HCO3−) across a plasma membrane in the chloride cells of freshwater fish.
By phylogenetic analysis, pendrin has been found to be a close relative of prestin present on the hair cells or organ of corti in the inner ear. Prestin is primarily an electromechanical transducer but pendrin is an ion transporter.
Function
Pendrin is an ion exchanger found in many types of cells in the body. High levels of pendrin expression have been identified in the inner ear and thyroid. In the thyroid, pendrin mediates a component of the efflux of iodide across the apical membrane of the thyrocyte, which is critical for the formation of thyroid hormone. The exact function of pendrin in the inner ear remains unclear; however, pendrin may play a role in acid-base balance as a chloride-bicarbonate exc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20Olympiad%20Cell | The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has three main members:
B.J. Venkatachala
Prithwijit De
N.V. Tejaswi (who replaced C.R. Pranesachar after he retired in April, 2013)
There are a number of other faculty who work part-time in conjunction with the MO Cell by sending problems for the Olympiads, participating in training activities, going as Leader/Deputy Leader, and participating in regional co-ordination.
The members of the MO Cell used to operate solely from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, based on an agreement, and Prof. Venkatachala still does so. The two new members, Dr. De and Dr. Tejaswi, function from the HBCSE, where the IMO Training Camp is also held and from where co-ordination for the outgoing team is managed.
See also
Indian National Mathematical Olympiad
International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp
International Mathematical Olympiad
External links
Official page of the MO Cell
Mathematics Olympiad Help Site – India
Mathematical Olympiads in India
Mathematics organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395%20First%20League%20of%20FR%20Yugoslavia | Statistics of First League of FR Yugoslavia () for the 1994–95 season.
Overview
Just as the previous season, the league consisted of 2 groups, A and B, each containing 10 clubs. Both groups were played in league system. By winter break all clubs in each group had met each other twice, home and away, with the bottom four from A group moving to group B, and being replaced by the top four from the B group. At the end of the season the same situation happened with four teams being replaced from A and B groups, and in addition, the bottom three clubs from the B group were relegated into the Second League of FR Yugoslavia for the next season and replaced by the top three from that league.
At the end of the season Red Star Belgrade became champions.
FK Partizan striker Savo Milošević become the league's top-scorer for second consecutive time, this time with 30 goals.
The relegated clubs were FK Spartak Subotica, FK Sutjeska Nikšić, FK Rudar Pljevlja.
That was the first season when Yugoslav clubs again qualified to the UEFA competitions after three years of ban due to UN embargo.
Teams
Autumn
IA league
Table
Results
IB league
Table
Results
Spring
IA league
Table
Results
IB league
Table
Results
UEFA Cup Playoff
Vojvodina was qualified to the 1995–96 UEFA Cup but they are not admitted, along with Partizan, because the country coefficient of Yugoslavia has been recalculated due to the split up. Budućnost Podgorica was qualified to the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup.
Wi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396%20First%20League%20of%20FR%20Yugoslavia | Statistics of First League of FR Yugoslavia () for the 1995–96 season.
Overview
Just as in the two previous seasons, the league was divided into 2 groups, A and B, consisting each one of 10 clubs. Both groups were played in league system. By winter break all clubs in each group meet each other twice, home and away, with the bottom four classified from A group moving to the group B, and being replaced by the top four from the B group. At the end of the season the same situation happened with four teams being replaced from A and B groups, adding the fact that the bottom two clubs from the B group were relegated into the Second League of FR Yugoslavia for the next season and replaced by the top two from that league.
At the end of the season FK Partizan were the champions.
The league top-scorer was FK Čukarički striker Vojislav Budimirović with 23 goals.
The relegated clubs were FK Napredak Kruševac and FK Radnički Beograd.
Autumn
IA league
Table
Results
IB league
Table
Results
Spring
IA league
Table
Results
IB league
Table
Results
IA Playoff
Relegation playoff
Winning squad
Champions: Partizan Belgrade (Coach: Ljubiša Tumbaković)
Players (league matches/league goals)
Ivica Kralj
Nikola Damjanac
Viktor Trenevski
Bratislav Mijalković
Darko Tešović
Gjorgji Hristov
Ivan Tomić
Dražen Bolić
Mladen Krstajić
Predrag Pažin
Đorđe Svetličić
Dejan Peković
Dejan Vukićević
Damir Čakar
Dragan Ćirić
Zoran Mirković
Niša Saveljić
Zoran Đu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol%20reformer | A methanol reformer is a device used in chemical engineering, especially in the area of fuel cell technology, which can produce pure hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide by reacting a methanol and water (steam) mixture.
Methanol is transformed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by pressure and heat and interaction with a catalyst.
Technology
A mixture of water and methanol with a molar concentration ratio (water:methanol) of 1.0 - 1.5 is pressurized to approximately 20 bar, vaporized and heated to a temperature of 250 - 360 °C. The hydrogen that is created is separated through the use of Pressure swing adsorption or a hydrogen-permeable membrane made of polymer or a palladium alloy.
There are two basic methods of conducting this process.
The water-methanol mixture is introduced into a tube-shaped reactor where it makes contact with the catalyst. Hydrogen is then separated from the other reactants and products in a later chamber, either by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), or through use of a membrane where the majority of the hydrogen passes through. This method is typically used for larger, non-mobile units.
The other process features an integrated reaction chamber and separation membrane, a membrane reactor. In this relatively new approach, the reaction chamber is made to contain high-temperature, hydrogen-permeable membranes that can be formed of refractory metals, palladium alloys, or a PdAg-coated ceramic. The hydrogen is thereby separated out of the reaction chamber as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riodininae |
Riodininae is the largest of the three subfamilies within the metalmark butterfly family, Riodinidae.
Classification
Riodininae contains the following tribes:
Befrostiini Grishin, 2019
Calydnini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018
Dianesiini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018
Emesidini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018
Eurybiini Reuter, 1896
Helicopini Reuter 1897
Nymphidiini Bates, 1859
Riodinini Grote, 1895
Sertaniini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018
Symmachiini Bates, 1859
References
Further reading
Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
Pteron Images. In Japanese but with binomial names
Butterflies and Moths of North America
Butterflies of America
Butterfly subfamilies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20ribbon%20eel | The white ribbon eel, Pseudechidna brummeri, is a species of saltwater eels, the only member of the genus Pseudechidna of the Muraenidae (Moray eel) family. It is found in the Indo-Pacific oceans from the western Indian Ocean to Samoa, and north to the Ryukyu Islands. Its length is 8-30 inches.
References
Muraenidae
Fish described in 1858 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robust%20optimization | Robust optimization is a field of mathematical optimization theory that deals with optimization problems in which a certain measure of robustness is sought against uncertainty that can be represented as deterministic variability in the value of the parameters of the problem itself and/or its solution. It is related to, but often distinguished from, probabilistic optimization methods such as chance-constrained optimization.
History
The origins of robust optimization date back to the establishment of modern decision theory in the 1950s and the use of worst case analysis and Wald's maximin model as a tool for the treatment of severe uncertainty. It became a discipline of its own in the 1970s with parallel developments in several scientific and technological fields. Over the years, it has been applied in statistics, but also in operations research, electrical engineering, control theory, finance, portfolio management logistics, manufacturing engineering, chemical engineering, medicine, and computer science. In engineering problems, these formulations often take the name of "Robust Design Optimization", RDO or "Reliability Based Design Optimization", RBDO.
Example 1
Consider the following linear programming problem
where is a given subset of .
What makes this a 'robust optimization' problem is the clause in the constraints. Its implication is that for a pair to be admissible, the constraint must be satisfied by the worst pertaining to , namely the pair that maximi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace%20%28basketball%29 | Crystal Palace was a basketball team competing in the National Basketball League (NBL) and then the British Basketball League (BBL), until they merged with the London Towers in 1998. They played in the Crystal Palace Sports Centre and were the most successful team in Britain throughout the seventies and early eighties.
History
In 1966 the Old Suttonians basketball club was founded by several ex pupils of Sutton Grammar School including David Last and Terry Doherty who both performed the role of director of the club in future years. In 1972 the club entered the new National League as Sutton basketball club and finished third of six teams. the following season they relocated to Crystal Palace and became the Sutton & Crystal Palace club. Success arrived quickly with a league and cup double the very next season.
In 1975 the club dropped the Sutton prefix and gained sponsorship from Cinzano which helped propel them into being the best club in Britain. The team would go on to complete three consecutive doubles of National League and National Cup. The team became regarded as the pioneers of UK basketball and their early players included Jim Guymon, Martin Hall, Barry Huxley, Mark Saiers, Alan Baillie, Pete Jeremich and Paul Philp. An incredible treble ensued in the 79–80 season and other players to represent the club included players such as Dan Lloyd, Bob Roma, Paul Stimpson, Mick Bett and Alton Byrd, the latter considered the man who revolutionised basketball in Britain.
Further |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uarini | Uarini is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. According to estimates of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), its population was 13,690 inhabitants in 2020. Its area is 10,246 km2.
The municipality contains 38% of the Baixo Juruá Extractive Reserve, created in 2001.
History
It has its history linked to the history of Tefé , which goes back to the village founded at the end of century XVII by the Jesuit Samuel Fritz . Until the end of the seventeenth century, disputes between the Spaniards and the Portuguese overlapped in the territory, only consolidating under the military occupation of Portugal in 1790. As a municipality, Tefé came to possess an area of 500,000 km2. From the middle of the 19th century onwards, dismemberment of its territory began, giving rise to the new municipalities of São Paulo de Olivença , Coari , Fonte Boa, São Felipe (now Eirunepé), Xibauá (now Carauari) Japurá and Maraã.
At the end of 1981 Tefé had an administrative structure in which five sub-districts were planned: Tefé, Caiambé, Alvarães, Jarauá and Uarini.
Economy
Primary Sector
Agriculture: is the most productive economic activity, with special emphasis for the culture of the cassava , from which the flour of Uarini is made. The brown-nut is in 2nd place in the economy. It has crops of rice, beans, jute, mallow, corn and sugarcane between temporary crops and, mango, avocado, banana, orange and lemon among permanent crops.
Livestock : in econ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilaminar%20veneer | Multilaminar wood veneer uses plantation wood to reproduce decorative effects that are typical of quality wood species (often protected and rare). This aids the preservation of biodiversity and complies with the principles of sustainable forest management.
In this veneering process, large sheets of veneer are produced on a machine similar to a lathe. These are dyed, spread with suitable adhesives, and then compressed and bonded into thick (typically 70 cm) logs, which are then sliced to create the end product. If the sheets are compressed between platens with an undulating surface, the slice will cross several layers to produce a patterned effect. Many different designs can be obtained by varying the platens, the dyes and the stacking order.
Although the product may be considered sustainable, multilaminar veneer does have a relatively high carbon footprint due to the numerous dyeing, laminating, pressing, and slicing operations.
References
Engineered wood |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric%20mucosa | The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach, which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae.
Description
In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked.
It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended.
When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa.
Types of glands
There are three types of glands: cardiac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary%20adenylate%20cyclase-activating%20peptide | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide also known as PACAP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADCYAP1 gene. pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. One of its effects is to stimulate enterochromaffin-like cells. It binds to vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and to the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor.
Function
This gene encodes adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1. Mediated by adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 receptors, this polypeptide stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells. Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 not only is a hypophysiotropic hormone (i.e. a substance that induces activity in the hypophysis), but also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In addition, it plays a role in paracrine and autocrine regulation of certain types of cells. This gene is composed of five exons. Exons 1 and 2 encode the 5' UTR and signal peptide, respectively; exon 4 encodes an adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-related peptide; and exon 5 encodes the mature peptide and 3' UTR. This gene encodes three different mature peptides, including two isotypes: a shorter form and a longer form.
A version of this gene has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women (but not men). This disorder involves a maladaptive psychological response to traumatic, i.e. existence-thre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraganglion | A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells. They are neuroendocrine cells, the former with primary endocrine functions and the latter with primary chemoreceptor functions.
Chromaffin paraganglia (also called chromaffin bodies) are connected with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and the ganglia of the celiac, renal, adrenal, aortic and hypogastric plexuses. They are concentrated near the adrenal glands and essentially function the same way as the adrenal medulla. They are sometimes found in connection with the ganglia of other sympathetic plexuses. None have been found with the sympathetic ganglia associated with the branches of the trigeminal nerve. The largest chromaffin paraganglion is the organ of Zuckerkandl, it is probably the largest source of circulating catecholamines in the fetus and young infants, and gradually atrophies to microscopic loci.
Nonchromaffin paraganglia include carotid bodies and aortic bodies, some are distributed in the ear, along the vagus nerve, in the larynx and at various other places.
Clinical significance
Tumors of the paraganglionic tissues are known as paragangliomas, though this term tends to imply the nonchromaffin type, and can occu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling%20fluid%20invasion | Drilling fluid invasion is a process that occurs in a well being drilled with higher wellbore pressure (normally caused by excessive mud weights) than formation pressure. The liquid component of the drilling fluid (known as the mud filtrate, or spurt) continues to "invade" the porous and permeable formation until the solids present in the mud, commonly bentonite, clog enough pores to form a mud cake capable of preventing further invasion.
If invasion is severe enough, and reservoir pressures are unable to force the fluid and associated particles out entirely when the well starts producing, the amount of oil and gas a well can produce can be permanently reduced. This is especially true when a process called phase trapping occurs. This is when a fluid enters a formation that is below its irreducible saturation of that fluid. Once the fluid is present, it is held in place by capillary forces and usually can not be removed.
Invasion also has significant implications for well logging. In many cases the "depth of investigation" of a well logging tool is only a few inches (or even less for methods such as sonic logs), and it is quite possible that drilling fluid has invaded beyond this depth. In these cases readings are strongly influenced by mud filtrate properties rather than pure formation (in situ) properties. This influence must be considered when interpreting the resulting logs.
See also
Resistivity logging
References
Drilling fluid
Well logging |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein%28a%29 | Lipoprotein(a) is a low-density lipoprotein variant containing a protein called apolipoprotein(a). Genetic and epidemiological studies have identified lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and related diseases, such as coronary heart disease and stroke.
Lipoprotein(a) was discovered in 1963 by Kåre Berg. The human gene encoding apolipoprotein(a) was successfully cloned in 1987.
Structure
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of an LDL-like particle and the specific apolipoprotein(a), which is bound covalently to the apoB contained in the outer shell of the particle. Lp(a) plasma concentrations are highly heritable and mainly controlled by the LPA gene located on chromosome 6q26-27. Apo(a) proteins vary in size due to a size polymorphism [KIV-2 VNTR], which is caused by a variable number of kringle IV repeats in the LPA gene. This size variation at the gene level is expressed on the protein level as well, resulting in apo(a) proteins with 10 to more than 50 kringle IV repeats (each of the variable kringle IV consists of 114 amino acids). These variable apo(a) sizes are known as "apo(a) isoforms".
There is a general inverse correlation between the size of the apo(a) isoform and the Lp(a) plasma concentration. One theory explaining this correlation involves different rates of protein synthesis. Specifically, the larger the isoform, the more apo(a) precursor protein accumulates intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Lp(a) is not fully synthesised until the prec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%204 | The Route nationale 4 is a trunk road (nationale) in France between Paris and the frontier with Germany.
Reclassification
The RN 4 has been re-classified around Nancy as the RD 400 as through traffic is now directed onto the Autoroutes A 31 and A 33.
Route
Paris-St Dizier-Nancy-Strasbourg-Germany
Paris to Saint Dizier (0 km to 191 km)
The road begins in Central Paris at the Porte Doree and a junction with the RN 6 a separate branch starts in the Bois Vincennes with a junction with the RN 34 before heading south through the park and meeting the other branch the Avenue de Gravelle. The road follows the southern edge of the park. It crosses the A4 autoroute and continues east as the Avenue des Canadiens and then crossing the river Marne. It passes through the suburbs of Joinville-le-Pont and Champigny-sur-Marne. It then passes through Chennevières-sur-Marne and an industrial area before reaching open countryside and the northern edge of the Forêt de Notre-Dame.
The road has a junction with the RN 104 and becomes a dual-carriageway and now bypasses Ozoir-la-Ferrière and then Gretz Armainvilliers south of the Forêt d'Armainvilliers. The road passes through rolling countryside past the Château de Boulayes. This is cheese county with the road taking an eastern course after Rozay-en-Brie. The road crosses the Forêt de la Traconne to Sézanne.
The road passes over open flat countryside increasingly sparsely populated reaching RN 77 and A 26. The road then drops from 200 m t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD80 | The Cluster of differentiation 80 (also CD80 and B7-1) is a B7, type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, with an extracellular immunoglobulin constant-like domain and a variable-like domain required for receptor binding. It is closely related to CD86, another B7 protein (B7-2), and often works in tandem. Both CD80 and CD86 interact with costimulatory receptors CD28, CTLA-4 (CD152) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor .
Structure
CD80 is a member of the B7 family, which consists of molecules present at APCs and their receptors present on the T-cells. CD80 is present specifically on DC, activated B-cells, and macrophages, but also T-cells CD80 is also a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the Ig superfamily. It is composed of 288 amino acids, and its mass is 33 kDa. It consists of two Ig-like extracellular domains (208 AA), a transmembrane helical segment (21 AA), and a short cytoplasmic tail (25 AA). The Ig-like extracellular domains are formed by single V-type and C2-type domains. It is expressed as both monomers or dimers, but predominantly dimers. These two forms exist in dynamic equilibrium.
CD80 shares 25% of sequences with CD86; however, CD80 has a ten-fold higher affinity for CD28 and CTLA-4 than CD86. Moreover, CD80 interacts with its ligand with faster binding kinetics and slower dissociation constants than CD86. Both human CD80 and CD86 are located at chromosome 3; the exact region is 3q13.3-q21.
Human and murine CD80 share approximately 44% |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20NVC%20community%20H6 | NVC community H6 (Erica vagans - Ulex europaeus heath) is one of the heath communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of five communities categorised as lowland dry heaths.
It has a very localised distribution in southern England. There are four subcommunities.
Community composition
The following constant species are found in this community:
Brown Bent (Agrostis vinealis)
Glaucous Sedge (Carex flacca)
Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)
Cornish Heath (Erica vagans)
Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
Common Gorse (Ulex europaeus)
Western Gorse (Ulex gallii)
Common Dog-violet (Viola riviniana)
A number of rare species are associated with the community: Bristle Bent (Agrostis curtisii), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cornish Heath (Erica vagans), Dwarf Rush (Juncus capitatus), Spring Squill (Scilla verna) and Twin-headed Clover (Trifolium bocconei).
Distribution
This community is confined to The Lizard peninsula in Cornwall.
Subcommunities
There are four subcommunities:
the so-called typical subcommunity
the Festuca ovina subcommunity
the Agrostis curtisii subcommunity
the Molinia caerulea subcommunity
References
Rodwell, J. S. (1991) British Plant Communities Volume 2 - Mires and heaths (hardback), (paperback)
H06
Lizard Peninsula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20moray | The zebra moray (Gymnomuraena zebra) is a species of marine fish in the family Muraenidae. It is the only member of the genus Gymnomuraena, though it sometimes has been included in Echidna instead.
Description
The zebra moray is considered as a medium-sized fish even if it can reach a maximum length of 150 cm.
However, the average size commonly observed is more of the order of 50 cm.
It is densely banded dark and whitish, giving rise to its common name.
Its snout is round and short.
Distribution and habitat
The zebra moray is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific area from eastern coast of Africa until western coast of the Americas, including the Red Sea, Hawaii and Galápagos.
The zebra moray is a benthic fish, its favorite habitat corresponds to the rocky or coral reef on coastal shallow water up to 40 meters deep.
Biology
Gymnomuraena zebra has a nocturnal activity and actively hunt its prey. Unlike most other moray eels, it feeds exclusively on crustaceans, sea urchins and mollusks.
References
External links
Muraenidae
Marine fauna of the Gulf of California
Western Central American coastal fauna
Galápagos Islands coastal fauna
Fish of Hawaii
Fish described in 1797
Taxa named by George Shaw |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoen%E2%80%93Yau%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Schoen–Yau conjecture is a disproved conjecture in hyperbolic geometry, named after the mathematicians Richard Schoen and Shing-Tung Yau.
It was inspired by a theorem of Erhard Heinz (1952). One method of disproof is the use of Scherk surfaces, as used by Harold Rosenberg and Pascal Collin (2006).
Setting and statement of the conjecture
Let be the complex plane considered as a Riemannian manifold with its usual (flat) Riemannian metric. Let denote the hyperbolic plane, i.e. the unit disc
endowed with the hyperbolic metric
E. Heinz proved in 1952 that there can exist no harmonic diffeomorphism
In light of this theorem, Schoen conjectured that there exists no harmonic diffeomorphism
(It is not clear how Yau's name became associated with the conjecture: in unpublished correspondence with Harold Rosenberg, both Schoen and Yau identify Schoen as having postulated the conjecture). The Schoen(-Yau) conjecture has since been disproved.
Comments
The emphasis is on the existence or non-existence of an harmonic diffeomorphism, and that this property is a "one-way" property. In more detail: suppose that we consider two Riemannian manifolds M and N (with their respective metrics), and write
if there exists a diffeomorphism from M onto N (in the usual terminology, M and N are diffeomorphic). Write
if there exists an harmonic diffeomorphism from M onto N. It is not difficult to show that (being diffeomorphic) is an equivalence relation on the objects of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asilomar%20Conference%20on%20Recombinant%20DNA | The Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA was an influential conference organized by Paul Berg, Maxine Singer, and colleagues to discuss the potential biohazards and regulation of biotechnology, held in February 1975 at a conference center at Asilomar State Beach, California. A group of about 140 professionals (primarily biologists, but also including lawyers and physicians) participated in the conference to draw up voluntary guidelines to ensure the safety of recombinant DNA technology. The conference also placed scientific research more into the public domain, and can be seen as applying a version of the precautionary principle.
The effects of these guidelines are still being felt through the biotechnology industry and the participation of the general public in scientific discourse. Due to potential safety hazards, scientists worldwide had halted experiments using recombinant DNA technology, which entailed combining DNAs from different organisms. After the establishment of the guidelines during the conference, scientists continued with their research, which increased fundamental knowledge about biology and the public's interest in biomedical research.
Background: recombinant DNA technology
Recombinant DNA technology arose as a result of advances in biology that began in the 1950s and '60s. During these decades, a tradition of merging the structural, biochemical and informational approaches to the central problems of classical genetics became more apparent. Two main under |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TO-3 | In electronics, TO-3 is a designation for a standardized metal semiconductor package used for power semiconductors, including transistors, silicon controlled rectifiers, and, integrated circuits. TO stands for "Transistor Outline" and relates to a series of technical drawings produced by JEDEC.
The TO-3 case has a flat surface which can be attached to a heatsink, normally via a thermally conductive but electrically insulating washer. The design originated at Motorola around 1955 from a group headed by Dr. Virgil E. Bottom. who was director of research of the Motorola Semiconductor Division. The first use of this design was for the germanium alloy-junction power transistor 2N176 – the first power transistor to be put into quantity production. The lead spacing was originally intended to allow plugging the device into a then-common tube socket.
Typical applications
The metal package can be attached to a heat sink, making it suitable for devices dissipating several watts of heat. Thermal compound is used to improve heat transfer between the device case and the heat sink. Since the device case is one of the electrical connections, an insulator may be required to electrically isolate the component from the heatsink. Insulating washers may be made of mica or other materials with good thermal conductivity.
The case is used with high-power and high-current devices, on the order of a few tens of amperes current and up to a hundred watts of heat dissipation. The case surfaces are m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauer%E2%80%93Suzuki%20theorem | In mathematics, the Brauer–Suzuki theorem, proved by , , , states that if a finite group has a generalized quaternion Sylow 2-subgroup and no non-trivial normal subgroups of odd order, then the group has a center of order 2. In particular, such a group cannot be simple.
A generalization of the Brauer–Suzuki theorem is given by Glauberman's Z* theorem.
References
gives a detailed proof of the Brauer–Suzuki theorem.
Theorems about finite groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD86 | Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein constitutively expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages, B-cells (including memory B-cells), and on other antigen-presenting cells. Along with CD80, CD86 provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. Depending on the ligand bound, CD86 can signal for self-regulation and cell-cell association, or for attenuation of regulation and cell-cell disassociation.
The CD86 gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional transcript variants have been described, but their full-length sequences have not been determined.
Structure
CD86 belongs to the B7 family of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a 70 kDa glycoprotein made up of 329 amino acids. Both CD80 and CD86 share a conserved amino acid motif that forms their ligand binding domain. CD86 consists of Ig-like extracellular domains (one variable and one constant), a transmembrane region and a short cytoplasmic domain that is longer than that of CD80. costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86 can be found on professional antigen presenting cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells, and even activated B-cells. They can also be induced on other cell types, for example T cells. CD86 expression is more abundant compared to CD80, and upon its activation is CD86 increased faster than CD8 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route%20nationale%205 | The Route nationale 5, or RN 5, is a trunk road (nationale) in France now connecting Dijon with the frontier of Switzerland. It is also numbered the European route E21.
Reclassification
The RN 5 originally ran to Paris following the route now numbered RN 6 to Sens. Thereafter the road has been mostly been detrunked, with control and maintenance handed to local départments. A short section of road between Poligny and Les Rousses is still trunk.
Route
Sens-Dijon-Dole-Geneva-Thonon-Switzerland
Sens to Dijon (0 km to 199 km) (as D905)
The road branches east from Sens as the N 60 along the Vanne valley. After 8 km the D 905 turns south east over rolling wooded countryside. The TGV line runs parallel. The road crosses the ridge of the Forêt d'Othe. The road continues through Saint-Florentin where there is a junction with the RN 77. The road then runs southeast along the valley of the Armançon, following the Canal de Bourgogne, as far as Tonnerre where it crosses to the south of both canal and river and then through Lézinnes and Ancy-le-Franc. The road continues through the Bois de la Ville eventually leaving the valley at Montbard and the nearby Abbaye de Fontenay.
The road now follows the River Brenne and leaves the Canal de Bourgogne, which it has been following for almost 100 km. The road passes the Auxois to Vitteaux and then below the Forêt de Boutas et Charmot (542 m) and then along the northern shore of the Reservoir de Grosbois and then east passing over a ridge where |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due | Due or DUE may refer to:
DUE or DNA unwinding element, the originating site for splitting the DNA helix
DÜE (Datenübertragungseinrichtung), German for “data communications equipment”
Due (surname), including a list of people with the name
Due, Georgia, a ghost town in Fannin County, Georgia, United States
ISO 639:due, code for the Umiray Dumaget language
"Due", a song by Raf from the 1993 album Cannibali
"Due", a song by Mindless Self Indulgence from the 2008 album If
Due, a character in the anime Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha Strikers
Rai Due, an Italian television channel
Telegiornale Due, an Italian news program broadcast on Rai 2
See also
Doo (disambiguation)
Due date (disambiguation)
Deus (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keykit | KeyKit is a graphical environment and programming language for MIDI synthesis and algorithmic composition. It was originally developed by Tim Thompson and released by AT&T.
Overview
Tim Thompson is a software engineer and the originator of various software titles, including Keykit and Stevie (predecessor of the now widely distributed and popular text editor Vim). Keykit (originally named "Keynote") was developed by Thompson in his spare time while he worked for AT&T. However, it was not related to his actual job there. Keynote was originally released through the AT&T Toolchest, and
in 1995 was released as KeyKit with a license making it freely available for non-commercial use.
Keykit is noteworthy for its versatility and expressiveness. Complex algorithmic arrangements can be produced with as much detail and sophistication as required, and the software works on multiple platforms and operating systems. It is not dependent on peripherals or sound cards from a specific vendor. These are unique advantages over similar "music workstation" products with the same or similar functionality for algorithmic composition and computer generated music.
Language features
variables, functions, classes, and dynamic typing
supports object-oriented programming
always-active MIDI recording
multi-tasking environment
library functions and classes (both built-in and user-definable)
multi-platform multi-os and not dependent on specific peripherals
GUI features
Features:
GUI-based mu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Gabriel%20Oxenstierna | Count Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna (19 July 1750 – 29 July 1818) is considered one of the foremost Swedish poets of the Gustavian period. A prominent courtier during the reign of King Gustav III of Sweden, he was also a politician, diplomat and member of the Swedish Academy, holding seat number 8. On several occasions he was a member of the Swedish Government and Parliament. Amongst other things, Oxenstierna is also known for his translation into Swedish of John Milton's epic blank verse poem Paradise Lost.
Early life
Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna was born at the Skenäs estate, by lake Kolsnaren (now in Vingåker Municipality), in the province of Södermanland. He lived here during his youth with his parents, major general count Göran Oxenstierna, a member of the Korsholm och Wasa branch of the Oxenstierna family, and countess Sara Gyllenborg, and with his grandparents, Margareta Gyllenborg (née von Beijer) and Jan Gyllenborg. The grandparents took active part in the upbringing of young Johan Gabriel - the grandfather until he died in 1752 - as the parents at times resided at Carlsten, due to the fathers military career. He was the oldest of four brothers.
His childhood at Skenäs came to play a leading role in his later authorship in many ways. The beauty of the nature of Södermanland, and the memories of his upbringing there, came to inspire the themes of his pre-romantic publications. His maternal uncle, poet Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg, in whose house he spent a lot of time, and h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains%20of%20Central%20Asia | The Mountains of Central Asia are a biodiversity hot spot designated by Conservation International which covers several montane and alpine ecoregions of Central Asia, including those of the Pamir and Tian Shan ranges, and extending across portions of Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the Karakoram range in China, Pakistan and India. The Karakoram range is also famously known for Karakoram Anomaly that relates to the anomalous growth of glaciers in the central Karakoram that is in contrast with melting glaciers in other mountainous ranges of Himalayas and other parts of the world due to the effects of climate change.
The hotspot encompasses several habitat types, including montane grasslands and shrublands, temperate coniferous forests, and alpine tundra. The ecoregions in the hotspot include:
Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
Gissaro-Alai open woodlands
Pamir alpine desert and tundra
Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
Tian Shan montane conifer forests
References
External links
Mountains of Central Asia (Conservation International)
Mountains Central Asia Tien-Shan Mountains Kyrgyzstan Pamir
Ecoregions of Asia
Geography of Central Asia
Landforms of Central Asia
Palearctic ecoregions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irano-Anatolian | The Irano-Anatolian region is a biodiversity hotspot designated by Conservation International's Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, extending across portions of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. This hotspot covers the South-West portion of the Irano-Turanian floristic region, connecting the Mediterranean Basin with Western Asia.
It includes highlands of the central and eastern Anatolian Plateau as well as the Zagros, Alborz, and Kopet Dag mountain ranges.
The ecoregions included within the hotspot are:
Central Anatolian steppe
Central Anatolian deciduous forests
Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
Elburz Range forest steppe
Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe
Zagros Mountains forest steppe
References
External links
Conservation International: Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity hotspot
Ecoregions of Asia
Geography of West Asia
Alborz (mountain range)
Palearctic ecoregions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorna%20Maitland | Lorna Maitland, born Barbara Ann Popejoy (November 19, 1943), is an American film actress. She appeared in three Russ Meyer films: Lorna, Mudhoney, and Mondo Topless.
Biography
Lorna Maitland was born in Glendale, Los Angeles County, California, on November 19, 1943.
Filmography
Film
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1964
| Lorna
| Lorna
|-
| 1965
| Mudhoney
| Clara Belle
|-
| 1966
| Mondo Topless
| Marla
|-
| rowspan="2"|1967
| Hot Thrills and Warm Chills
| rowspan="2"|Self
|-
| Hip Hot and 21 by Dale Berry
|}
Bibliography
Oakland Tribune, Doc Scortt...Actor-Printer, Sunday, March 1, 1964, Page 7-EL.
Van Nuys Valley News, Valley West'', September 11, 1964, Page 14.
References
External links
American film actresses
American female adult models
American female dancers
American dancers
1943 births
Living people
21st-century American women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjan%27s%20strongly%20connected%20components%20algorithm | Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm is an algorithm in graph theory for finding the strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph. It runs in linear time, matching the time bound for alternative methods including Kosaraju's algorithm and the path-based strong component algorithm. The algorithm is named for its inventor, Robert Tarjan.
Overview
The algorithm takes a directed graph as input, and produces a partition of the graph's vertices into the graph's strongly connected components. Each vertex of the graph appears in exactly one of the strongly connected components. Any vertex that is not on a directed cycle forms a strongly connected component all by itself: for example, a vertex whose in-degree or out-degree is 0, or any vertex of an acyclic graph.
The basic idea of the algorithm is this: a depth-first search (DFS) begins from an arbitrary start node (and subsequent depth-first searches are conducted on any nodes that have not yet been found). As usual with depth-first search, the search visits every node of the graph exactly once, declining to revisit any node that has already been visited. Thus, the collection of search trees is a spanning forest of the graph. The strongly connected components will be recovered as certain subtrees of this forest. The roots of these subtrees are called the "roots" of the strongly connected components. Any node of a strongly connected component might serve as a root, if it happens to be the first node of |
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