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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20human%20ecosystem | Total human ecosystem (THE) is an eco-centric concept initially proposed by ecology professors Zeev Naveh and Arthur S. Lieberman in 1994.
History of the concept
Naveh and Lieberman (1994) proposed the holistic, eco-centric concept of the Total Human Ecosystem in order to study the anthropocene ecology and improve land use planning and environmental management, within an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. In Naveh's own words, the Total Human Ecosystem is "the highest co-evolutionary ecological entity on earth with landscapes as its concrete three-dimensional ‘Gestalt’ systems, forming the spatial and functional matrix for all organisms". This concept (or meta-concept) integrates human systems (the technosphere, but also in the conceptual space of human noosphere) and natural systems (the geophysical eco-space of the Earth biosphere).
Zev Naveh (1919-2011), the major contributor to this concept, was Professor in landscape ecology at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. Until 1965 he worked as a range and pasture specialist in Israel and Tanzania. His research at the Technion was devoted to human impacts on Mediterranean landscapes, fire ecology and dynamic conservation management, and the introduction of drought resistant plants for multi-beneficial landscape restoration and beautification.
Almo Farina, who also developed the concept from 2000 onwards, is also a professor of ecology at the Urbino University, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, in It |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goldrick | Rear Admiral James Vincent Purcell Goldrick, (8 August 1958 – 17 March 2023) was an Australian naval historian, analyst of contemporary naval and maritime affairs, and a senior officer of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Following his retirement from the RAN, Goldrick was a fellow at the Sea Power Centre – Australia and an adjunct professor in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences in the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy. He was also a member of the Naval Studies Group at the Australian Centre for the Study of Armed Conflict and Society, an adjunct professor in the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre of the Australian National University and a professorial fellow of the Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security at the University of Wollongong. He was a visiting fellow at All Souls College, University of Oxford in the first half of 2015, and a non-resident Fellow of the Lowy Institute from 2013 to 2018.
Early life and education
James Goldrick was born in Sydney, New South Wales on 8 August 1958. He joined the Royal Australian Navy in 1974 as a fifteen-year-old Cadet midshipman. A graduate of the Royal Australian Naval College, he held a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of New South Wales and a Master of Letters from the University of New England. He attended the six-week Advanced Management Program of Harvard Business School (AMP 168), and was honoured with the degree of Doctor of Letters honoris causa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20Harbour%2C%20Newfoundland%20and%20Labrador | Fox Harbour is a small community on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. According to Statistics Canada in 2011, the population was 270. It is surrounded by hills. It is located close to Argentia, the site of the Naval Station Argentia. According to some sources, Fox Harbour got its name from tales of foxes that came down from the surrounding hills and ate the drying fish on the flakes. As well, the community was called Little Glocester before it became officially named Fox Harbour.
History
Fox Harbour started as a fishing community in the early 19th century by the three families of Matthew, Martin, and George Spurvey. However, fisherman from England and Ireland had come overseas to fish there seasonally since the 18th century. All of them returned to England in the 1820s except for a Matthew Spurvey. Other families had settled in Fox Harbour by then with the arrival of Healey, Kelly and Dreaddy families from Ireland in 1806. The population grew over time, and peaked at 746. Fox Harbour was incorporated in 1964, and the council building opened in 1969. The council building now incorporates the fire station, the library, museum, and the council office.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fox Harbour had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Religion
The population of Fox Harbour is predominantly Roman |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin%E2%80%93Lomax%20model | The Baldwin–Lomax model is a 0-equation turbulence model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulent boundary layer flows.
External links
Baldwin-Lomax model at cfd-online.com
Fluid dynamics
Mathematical modeling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebeci%E2%80%93Smith%20model | The Cebeci–Smith model, developed by Tuncer Cebeci and Apollo M. O. Smith in 1967, is a 0-equation eddy viscosity model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulence in boundary layer flows. The model gives eddy viscosity, , as a function of the local boundary layer velocity profile. The model is suitable for high-speed flows with thin attached boundary layers, typically present in aerospace applications. Like the Baldwin-Lomax model, it is not suitable for large regions of flow separation and significant curvature or rotation. Unlike the Baldwin-Lomax model, this model requires the determination of a boundary layer edge.
Equations
In a two-layer model, the boundary layer is considered to comprise two layers: inner (close to the surface) and outer. The eddy viscosity is calculated separately for each layer and combined using:
where is the smallest distance from the surface where is equal to .
The inner-region eddy viscosity is given by:
where
with the von Karman constant usually being taken as 0.4, and with
The eddy viscosity in the outer region is given by:
where , is the displacement thickness, given by
and FK is the Klebanoff intermittency function given by
References
Smith, A.M.O. and Cebeci, T., 1967. Numerical solution of the turbulent boundary layer equations. Douglas aircraft division report DAC 33735
Cebeci, T. and Smith, A.M.O., 1974. Analysis of turbulent boundary layers. Academic Press,
Wilcox, D.C., 1998. Turbulence Modeling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridinin | Peridinin is a light-harvesting apocarotenoid, a pigment associated with chlorophyll and found in the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) light-harvesting complex in dinoflagellates, best studied in Amphidinium carterae.
Biological significance
Peridinin is an apocarotenoid pigment that some organisms use in photosynthesis. Many photosynthetic dinoflagellates use peridinin, which absorbs blue-green light in the 470-550nm range, outside the range accessible to chlorophyll molecules. The peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex is a specialized molecular complex consisting of a boat-shaped protein molecule with a large central cavity that contains peridinin, chlorophyll, and lipid molecules, usually in a 4:1 ratio of peridinin to chlorophyll.
Spectral characteristics
Absorption maximum: 483 nm
Emission maximum: 676 nm
Extinction coefficient (ε): 1.96 x 106 M−1cm−1
A483/A280 ≥ 4.6
Applications
Peridinin chlorophyll (PerCP) is commonly used in immunoassays such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and flow cytometry. The fluorophore is covalently linked to proteins or antibodies for use in research applications.
References
Apocarotenoids
Epoxides
Acetate esters
Furanones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonate%205-lipoxygenase | Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. It transforms essential fatty acids (EFA) substrates into leukotrienes as well as a wide range of other biologically active products. ALOX5 is a current target for pharmaceutical intervention in a number of diseases.
Gene
The ALOX5 gene, which occupies 71.9 kilobase pairs (kb) on chromosome 10 (all other human lipoxygenases are clustered together on chromosome 17), is composed of 14 exons divided by 13 introns encoding the mature 78 kilodalton (kD) ALOX5 protein consisting of 673 amino acids. The gene promoter region of ALOX5 contains 8 GC boxes but lacks TATA boxes or CAT boxes and thus resembles the gene promoters of typical housekeeping genes. Five of the 8 GC boxes are arranged in tandem and are recognized by the transcription factors Sp1 and Egr-1. A novel Sp1-binding site occurs close to the major transcription start site (position – 65); a GC-rich core region including the Sp1/Egr-1 sites may be critical for basal 5-LO promoter activity.
Expression
Cells primarily involved in regulating inflammation, allergy, and other immune responses, e.g. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells, and B-lymphocytes express ALOX5. Platelets, T cells, and erythrocytes are ALOX5 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase%204 | Caspase 4 is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins at an aspartic acid residue (LEVD-), and belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases. The function of caspase 4 is not fully known, but it is believed to be an inflammatory caspase, along with caspase 1, caspase 5 (and the murine homolog caspase 11), with a role in the immune system.
The anti-inflammatory drug indoprofen is an inhibitor of the activity of the caspase-4 enzyme.
See also
The Proteolysis Map
Caspase
References
External links
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.007
EC 3.4.22
Caspases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC4 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4), also known as the multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) or multi-specific organic anion transporter B (MOAT-B), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC4 gene.
ABCC4 acts as a regulator of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and as a mediator of cAMP-dependent signal transduction to the nucleus. MRP4/ABCC4 also transports prostaglandins, for example PGE2, out of the cell where they can bind receptors.
MRP4/ABCC4 expression is dysregulated in several cancers and is also upregulated in peritoneal endometriosis.
Interactive pathway map
See also
ATP-binding cassette transporter
References
Further reading
External links
ATP-binding cassette transporters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin%27s%20equation | Lewin's equation, B = f(P, E), is a heuristic formula proposed by psychologist Kurt Lewin as an explanation of what determines behavior.
Description
The formula states that behavior is a function of the person and their environment:
Where is behavior, is person, and is the environment.
This equation was first presented in Lewin's book, Principles of Topological Psychology, published in 1936. The equation was proposed as an attempt to unify the different branches of psychology (e.g. child psychology, animal psychology, psychopathology) with a flexible theory applicable to all distinct branches of psychology. This equation is directly related to Lewin's field theory. Field theory is centered around the idea that a person's life space determines their behavior. Thus, the equation was also expressed as B = f(L), where L is the life space. In Lewin's book, he first presents the equation as B = f(S), where behavior is a function of the whole situation (S). He then extended this original equation by suggesting that the whole situation could be roughly split into two parts: the person (P) and the environment (E). According to Lewin, social behavior, in particular, was the most psychologically interesting and relevant behavior.
Lewin held that the variables in the equation (e.g. P and E) could be replaced with the specific, unique situational and personal characteristics of the individual. As a result, he also believed that his formula, while seemingly abstract and theoretic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin%20E%20synthase | Prostaglandin E synthase (, or PGE synthase) is an enzyme involved in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism, a member of MAPEG family. It generates prostaglandin E (PGE) from prostaglandin H2.
The synthase generating PGE2 is a membrane-associated protein.
Isozymes
Humans express three prostaglandin-E synthase isozymes, each encoded by a separate gene:
References
External links
EC 5.3.99 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin%20DP1%20receptor | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Prostaglandin DP1 receptor}}
The Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 (DP1), a G protein-coupled receptor encoded by the PTGDR1 gene (also termed PTGDR), is primarily a receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The receptor is a member of the Prostaglandin receptors belonging to the Subfamily A14 of rhodopsin-like receptors. Activation of DP1 by PGD2 or other cognate receptor ligands is associated with a variety of physiological and pathological responses in animal models.
Gene
The PTGDR1 gene is located on chromosome 14 at position q22.1, (i.e. 14q22.1), a chromosomal locus associated with asthma and other allergic disorders. PTGDR1, which consists of 4 introns and 5 exons, encodes for a ~44 kilodalton protein but also multiple alternative spliced transcript variants (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5729).
Expression
DP1 is expressed primarily by cells involved in mediating allergic and inflammatory reactions, i.e. human and rodent mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, Th2 cells, and dendritic cells, and by cells contributing to these reactions, i.e. human and/or rodent airway epithelial cells, vascular endothelium, mucus-secreting goblet cells in the nasal and colonic mucosa, and serous gland cells of the nose. DP1 protein is expressed in mouse placenta and testes and mRNA transcripts have also been detected in the meninges of the mouse brain by multiple reports and, by single reports, in the rat meninges as well as the mouse thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, br |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lida%20%28disambiguation%29 | Lida may refer to:
Places
Lida, Hrodna Voblast, Belarus
Lida, Nevada, United States
Lida Junction Airport, Nevada, United States
Lake Lida, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States
Lida Township, Minnesota, United States
People with the name
Lida Abdul, Afghan artist
Gwen Araujo, American murder victim nicknamed Lida
Lisa Baday (b. 1957), Canadian fashion designer
Nikolai Vyacheslavich Romadov, Russian musician, uses the pseudonym Lida
Lída Baarová (1914–2000), Czech actress
Lida E. Harkins, American politician, Massachusetts House of Representatives
Lida Shaw King (1868–1932), American classicist
Lida Larrimore (born 1896), American author
Lida Rose McCabe (1865-1938), American author, journalist, lecturer
Lida Lee Tall (1873–1942), American educator
Lida Yusupova (born 1961), Russian activist
Education
Lida, in Mandarin Chinese, is the colloquial name for some polytechnics and technology universities, including:
Beijing Institute of Technology
Hebei Polytechnic University
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Lida Hooe Elementary School, Dallas, Texas, United States
Other uses
LIDA (cognitive architecture), a cognitive architecture developed by Stan Franklin and colleagues at the University of Memphis
Lida, brand of agricultural equipment produced by Belarus-based company Lidagroprommash
LIDA, acronym for Linux Interactive DisAssembler
Battle of Lida (disambiguation)
See also
Leda (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonic%20acid%205-hydroperoxide | Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide (5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-HPETE) is an intermediate in the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the ALOX5 enzyme in humans or Alox5 enzyme in other mammals. The intermediate is then further metabolized to: a) leukotriene A4 which is then metabolized to the chemotactic factor for leukocytes, leukotriene B4, or to contractors of lung airways, leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and leukotriene E4; b) the leukocyte chemotactic factors, 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid; or c) the specialized pro-resolving mediators of inflammation, lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4.
References
Organic peroxides
Biochemistry
Eicosanoids
Fatty acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukotriene%20C4%20synthase | Leukotriene C4 synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTC4S gene.
The protein encoded by this gene, LTC4S (or glutathione S-transferase II) is an enzyme that converts leukotriene A4 and glutathione to create leukotriene C4. This is a member of MAPEG family of transmembrane proteins. A trimer of Leukotriene C4 synthase is localized on the outer nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, where it forms a complex with 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein. This protein is remotely related to microsomal glutathione S-transferase.
Function
The MAPEG (Membrane-Associated Proteins in Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism) family includes a number of human proteins, several of which are involved the production of leukotrienes. This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, potent biological compounds derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammatory conditions such as human bronchial asthma. This protein localizes to the nuclear envelope and adjacent endoplasmic reticulum.
References
Further reading
External links
- Eicosanoid and Glutathione metabolism protein family (MAPEG)
Transmembrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspase%205 | Caspase 5 is an enzyme that proteolytically cleaves other proteins at an aspartic acid residue, and belongs to a family of cysteine proteases called caspases. It is an inflammatory caspase, along with caspase 1, caspase 4 and the murine caspase 4 homolog caspase 11, and has a role in the immune system.
See also
The Proteolysis Map
Caspase
References
External links
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.008
EC 3.4.22
Caspases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrainment%20%28physical%20geography%29 | In physical geography, entrainment is the process by which surface sediment is incorporated into a fluid flow (such as air, water or even ice) as part of the operation of erosion.
References
Physical geography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20shift | Mean shift is a non-parametric feature-space mathematical analysis technique for locating the maxima of a density function, a so-called mode-seeking algorithm. Application domains include cluster analysis in computer vision and image processing.
History
The mean shift procedure is usually credited to work by Fukunaga and Hostetler in 1975. It is, however, reminiscent of earlier work by Schnell in 1964.
Overview
Mean shift is a procedure for locating the maxima—the modes—of a density function given discrete data sampled from that function. This is an iterative method, and we start with an initial estimate . Let a kernel function be given. This function determines the weight of nearby points for re-estimation of the mean. Typically a Gaussian kernel on the distance to the current estimate is used, . The weighted mean of the density in the window determined by is
where is the neighborhood of , a set of points for which .
The difference is called mean shift in Fukunaga and Hostetler.
The mean-shift algorithm now sets , and repeats the estimation until converges.
Although the mean shift algorithm has been widely used in many applications, a rigid proof for the convergence of the algorithm using a general kernel in a high dimensional space is still not known. Aliyari Ghassabeh showed the convergence of the mean shift algorithm in one dimension with a differentiable, convex, and strictly decreasing profile function. However, the one-dimensional case has limited real |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA19-9 | Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), also known as sialyl-LewisA, is a tetrasaccharide which is usually attached to O-glycans on the surface of cells. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell recognition processes. It is also a tumor marker used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer.
Structure
CA19-9 is the sialylated form of Lewis AntigenA. It is a tetrasaccharide with the sequence Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3[Fucα1-4]GlcNAcβ.
Clinical significance
Tumor marker
Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology discourage the use of CA19-9 as a screening test for cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer. The reason is that the test may be falsely normal (false negative) in many cases, or abnormally elevated in people who have no cancer at all (false positive). The main use of CA19-9 is therefore to see whether a pancreatic tumor is secreting it; if that is the case, then the levels should fall when the tumor is treated, and they may rise again if the disease recurs. Therefore it is useful as a surrogate marker for relapse.
In people with pancreatic masses, CA19-9 can be useful in distinguishing between cancer and other diseases of the gland.
Limitations
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and diseases of the bile ducts. It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic%20secret%20sharing | In cryptography, homomorphic secret sharing is a type of secret sharing algorithm in which the secret is encrypted via homomorphic encryption. A homomorphism is a transformation from one algebraic structure into another of the same type so that the structure is preserved. Importantly, this means that for every kind of manipulation of the original data, there is a corresponding manipulation of the transformed data.
Technique
Homomorphic secret sharing is used to transmit a secret to several recipients as follows:
Transform the "secret" using a homomorphism. This often puts the secret into a form which is easy to manipulate or store. In particular, there may be a natural way to 'split' the new form as required by step (2).
Split the transformed secret into several parts, one for each recipient. The secret must be split in such a way that it can only be recovered when all or most of the parts are combined. (See Secret sharing.)
Distribute the parts of the secret to each of the recipients.
Combine each of the recipients' parts to recover the transformed secret, perhaps at a specified time.
Reverse the homomorphism to recover the original secret.
Examples
Suppose a community wants to perform an election, using a decentralized voting protocol, but they want to ensure that the vote-counters won't lie about the results. Using a type of homomorphic secret sharing known as Shamir's secret sharing, each member of the community can add their vote to a form that is split into p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHEX | Phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked also known as phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome or metalloendopeptidase homolog PEX is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PHEX gene. This gene contains 18 exons and is located on the X chromosome.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane endopeptidase that belongs to the type II integral membrane zinc-dependent endopeptidase family. The protein is thought to be involved in bone and dentin mineralization and renal phosphate reabsorption. The bone and dentin protein osteopontin (OPN) which inhibits mineralization in the skeleton and in teeth is a substrate for PHEX. In the absence of functional PHEX in the mouse model (Hyp) of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and in human XLH where PHEX activity is decreased or absent, increased circulating FGF23 hormone results in low serum phosphate (caused by renal phosphate wasting) such that there is an insufficient level of this mineral ion in the blood in transit to mineralized tissues compared to the normal amount that is required for proper bone and tooth mineralization; this leads to soft bones and teeth. In addition to renal phosphate wasting, the mineralization-inhibiting phosphoprotein osteopontin and osteopontin fragments accumulate in the extracellular matrix of bones and teeth to contribute locally to the reduction in mineralization, which together with the systemic lower level of circulating serum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinden%2C%20Sofia | Ilinden ( ) is a district of Sofia, located in the western parts of the city. it has 37,256 inhabitants. There are four neighbourhoods: "Zaharna Fabrika", "Gevgeliiski", "Sveta Troitsa" (Holy Trinity) and "Ilinden".
References
Districts of Sofia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburna | A liburna was a type of small galley used for raiding and patrols. It was originally used by the Liburnians, a pirate tribe from Dalmatia, and later used by the Roman navy.
History
A stone tablet (Stele di Novilara) found near ancient Pisaurum (now Pesaro) shows a liburna in the scene of a naval battle. Dated to the fifth or sixth century BCE, the image possibly depicts an imaginary battle between the Liburnian and Picene fleets. The liburna was presented as light type of the ship with one row of oars, one mast, one sail, and prow twisted outwards. Under the prow there was a rostrum made for striking the enemy ships under the sea.
Originally, the liburna was similar to the ancient Greek penteconter. It had one bench with 25 oars on each side, while in the late Roman Republic, it was equipped with two banks of oars (a bireme), remaining faster, lighter, and more agile than triremes. The liburna design was adopted by the Romans and became a key part of the Roman navy in the second half of the 1st century BCE. Liburnae played a key role in the Battle of Actium in Greece (31 BCE), which saw the establishment of Augustus as the undisputed ruler of the Roman world.
Liburnae were different from the battle triremes, quadriremes and quinqueremes not because of rowing but rather because of its specific constructional features. It was long and wide with a draft. Two rows of oarsmen pulled 18 oars per side. The ship could make up to 14 knots under sail and more than 7 under oars. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattvic%20diet | Sattvic diet is a diet based on foods that contain one of the three yogic qualities (guna) known as sattva. In this system of dietary classification, foods that decrease the energy of the body are considered tamasic, while those that increase the energy of the body are considered rajasic. A sattvic diet is sometimes referred to as a yogic diet in modern literature.
A sattvic diet shares the qualities of sattva, some of which include "pure, essential, natural, vital, energy-containing, clean, conscious, true, honest, wise". A sattvic diet can also exemplify Ahimsa, the principle of not causing harm to other living beings. This is one reason yogis often follow a vegetarian diet.
A sattvic diet is a regimen that places emphasis on seasonal foods, fruits if one has no sugar problems, nuts, seeds, oils, ripe vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and non-meat based proteins. Dairy products are recommended when the cow is fed and milked appropriately.
In ancient and medieval era Yoga literature, the concept discussed is Mitahara, which literally means "moderation in eating". A sattvic diet is one type of treatment recommended in ayurvedic literature.
Etymology
Sattvic is derived from () which is a Sanskrit word. Sattva is a complex concept in Indian philosophy, used in many contexts, and it means one that is "pure, essence, nature, vital, energy, clean, conscious, strong, courage, true, honest, wise, rudiment of life".
Sattva is one of three gunas (quality, peculiarity, tendenc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translocator%20protein | Translocator protein (TSPO) is an 18 kDa protein mainly found on the outer mitochondrial membrane. It was first described as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a secondary binding site for diazepam, but subsequent research has found the receptor to be expressed throughout the body and brain. In humans, the translocator protein is encoded by the TSPO gene. It belongs to a family of tryptophan-rich sensory proteins. Regarding intramitochondrial cholesterol transport, TSPO has been proposed to interact with StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) to transport cholesterol into mitochondria, though evidence is mixed.
Function
In animals, TSPO (PBR) is a mitochondrial protein usually located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and characterised by its ability to bind a variety of benzodiazepine-like drugs, as well as to dicarboxylic tetrapyrrole intermediates of the haem biosynthetic pathway.
TSPO has many proposed functions depending on the tissue. The most studied of these include roles in the immune response, steroid synthesis and apoptosis.
Cholesterol transport and bile acid biosynthesis
Mitochondrial cholesterol transport is a molecular function closely tied to TSPO in the scientific literature. TSPO binds with high affinity to the lipid cholesterol, and pharmacological ligands of TSPO facilitate cholesterol transport across the mitochondrial intermembrane space to stimulate steroid synthesis and bile acid synthesis in relevant tissues. However, TSPO deleti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20miombo%20woodlands | The Eastern miombo woodlands (AT0706) are an ecoregion of grassland and woodland in northern Mozambique, southern Tanzania, and southeastern Malawi.
Setting
These species-rich savanna ecosystems cover wide areas of gentle hills and low valleys containing rivers and dambo wetlands. The region is located on the East African Plateau, extending from inland south-eastern Tanzania to cover the northern half of Mozambique, with small areas in neighbouring Malawi. They are a section of the belt of miombo woodland that crosses Africa south of the Congo rain forests and the savannas of East Africa. The ecoregion covers an area of . It is bounded by the Northern and Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic to the east along the Indian Ocean, and by the Zambezian and mopane woodlands in the Zambezi lowlands to the southwest, and by Lake Malawi to the west. To the north and northwest, the forested Eastern Arc Mountains separate the eastern miombo woodlands from the Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets of central Tanzania.
The region has a hot, tropical climate with a wet summer from November to March and a long winter drought. The woodlands are vulnerable to fire, particularly at the start of the summer.
Flora and fauna
The predominant tree is miombo (Brachystegia spp.), along with Baikiaea woodland.
Despite the low rainfall and relatively nutrient-poor soil the woodland is home to many species. The miombo and other vegetation in and around the region have histor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20wall%20protein%202 | Cell wall protein 2 (CWP2) is a cell wall protein, produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus. It occurs throughout the cell wall and has close homology with the CWP1 gene.
Disruption of CWP2 gene positively regulate translation, ribosome biogenesis and organonitrogen synthesis. these factors combined increases the overall synthesis of intercellular enzymes. Disruption of CWP2 genes also cause physical changes to the cell wall. Thickness of the cell wall decreases combined with decrease in cell wall density results in decline of cell wall stability. The overall result is the increase in the ability of heterologous protein production, in which is a significant commission of saccharomyces
References
Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20modulation%20collimator | Rotational modulation collimators (or RMCs) are a specialization of the modulation collimator, an imaging device invented by Minoru Oda. Devices of this type create images of high energy X-rays (or other radiations that cast shadows). Since high energy X-rays are not easily focused, such optics have found applications in various instruments. RMCs selectively block and unblock X-rays in a way which depends on their incoming direction, converting image information into time variations. Various mathematical transformations can then reconstitute the image of the source.
The Small Astronomy Satellite 3, launched in 1975, was one orbiting experiment that used RMCs. A more recent satellite that used RMCs was
RHESSI.
See also
Coded aperture
Collimator
Modulation
References
RHESSI Imaging Explained
Astronomical instruments |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGT%20%28disambiguation%29 | HGT may refer to:
Harrogate railway station, England
Holland's Got Talent, a Dutch television show
Horizontal gene transfer, non-hereditary genetic changes
Hyper geometric test, in statistics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatosplenic%20T-cell%20lymphoma | Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a rare form of lymphoma that is generally incurable, except in the case of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
It is a systemic neoplasm comprising medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show significant sinusoidal infiltration in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
Signs and symptoms
The typical clinical finding in a patient with hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is hepatosplenomegaly.
The spleen and liver are always involved, and bone marrow involvement is common. Nodal involvement is exceedingly rare.
Cause
The cell of origin for this disease is an immature cytotoxic T-cell clonally expressing the γδ T-cell receptor. The disease is seen more often in immunosuppressed recipients of solid organ transplants, an association that has led to the hypothesis that long-term immune stimulation in the setting of immunosuppression is the causative agent.
Cases of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma have been reported in patients treated with the immunosuppressants azathioprine, infliximab, and adalimumab. The majority of cases occurred in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Adolescents and young adult males were most frequently affected. They presented with a very aggressive disease course, and all but one died. The Food and Drug Administration required changes to the drugs' labeling to inform users and clinicians of the risk.
Diagnosis
The neoplastic cells in hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma show a monotonous appearance, with a small amount of cytoplasm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRMT4%20pathway | Protein arginine N-methyltransferase-4 (PRMT4/CARM1) methylation of arginine residues within proteins plays a critical key role in transcriptional regulation (see the PRMT4 pathway on the left). PRMT4 binds to the classes of transcriptional activators known as p160 and CBP/p300. The modified forms of these proteins are involved in stimulation of gene expression via steroid hormone receptors. Significantly, PRMT4 methylates core histones H3 and H4, which are also targets of the histone acetylase activity of CBP/p300 coactivators. PRMT4 recruitment of chromatin by binding to coactivators increases histone methylation and enhances the accessibility of promoter regions for transcription. Methylation of the transcriptional coactivator CBP by PRMT4 inhibits binding to CREB and thereby partitions the limited cellular pool of CBP for steroid hormone receptor interaction.
See also
DNA methyltransferase
Nucleosome
Histone
Histone-Modifying Enzymes
Chromatin
Diet and cancer
References
Gene expression |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machel%20Millwood | Machel Millwood (born 28 June 1979) is a Jamaican soccer player who most recently played for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USSF Second Division and the Syracuse Silver Knights of the Major Indoor Soccer League. Millwood is best known for his career in the MISL, playing for championship teams with the Baltimore Blast and helping the 2013–2014 Syracuse Silver Knights make the MISL playoffs.
Career
College
Born in Jamaica, Millwood's family moved to Maryland when he was still a child. He attended Parkdale High School, and played two years of college soccer at Prince George's Community College before transferring to Towson University as a junior. At Towson, Millwood was an All-American Honorable Mention in 2002, was named to the Colonial Athletic Association First Team All-Conference and the CAA All-Tournament Team in 2002, to the American East Conference All-League and to the All-South Atlantic Region team in 2001 and 2002.
He ranks in the top 10 in Towson soccer history in six categories, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in business and economics.
Professional
Millwood signed with the Syracuse Salty Dogs of the USL A-League in 2003, and played in 45 matches, notching 12 goals and six assists for 30 points in his two seasons in Syracuse. In 2004, he signed a 15-day contract with the Baltimore Blast of the Major Indoor Soccer League, eventually signing a permanent contract for the 2004–2005 season, and continued to play for the Blast through the end of the 2012-13 S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCAT | LCAT or L-CAT may refer to:
Engin de débarquement amphibie rapide, a catamaran landing craft
Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase, an animalian enzyme involved in cholesterol metabolism
Lyon County Area Transportation, a municipal bus company in Emporia, Kansas, United States
LUMS Common Admission Test, for Lahore University of Management Sciences |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine%20diphosphate%20galactose | Uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharides. It is important in nucleotide sugars metabolism, and is the substrate for the transferase B4GALT5.
See also
Galactose
UDP galactose epimerase
Uridine diphosphate
References
Coenzymes
Nucleotides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose%201-phosphate | D-Galactose-1-phosphate is an intermediate in the intraconversion of glucose and uridine diphosphate galactose. It is formed from galactose by galactokinase.The improper metabolism of galactose-1-phosphate is a characteristic of galactosemia. The Leloir pathway is responsible for such metabolism of galactose and its intermediate, galactose-1-phosphate. Deficiency of enzymes found in this pathway can result in galactosemia; therefore, diagnosis of this genetic disorder occasionally involves measuring the concentration of these enzymes. One of such enzymes is galactose-1-phosphate uridylytransferase (GALT). The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a UDP-activator group from UDP-glucose to galactose-1-phosphate. Although the cause of enzyme deficiency in the Leloir pathway is still disputed amongst researchers, some studies suggest that protein misfolding of GALT, which may lead to an unfavorable conformational change that impacts its thermal stability and substrate-binding affinity, may play a role in the deficiency of GALT in Type 1 galactosemia. Increase in galactitol concentration can be seen in patients with galactosemia; putting patients at higher risk for presenile cataract.
See also
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
References
Organophosphates
Monosaccharide derivatives |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzopyrone | Benzopyrone may refer to either of two ketone derivatives of benzopyran which constitute the core skeleton of many flavonoid compounds:
Chromone (1-benzopyran-4-one)
Coumarin (1-benzopyran-2-one)
Certain simple benzopyrones have clinical medical value as an edema modifiers. Coumarin and other benzopyrones, such as 5,6 benzopyrone, 1,2 benzopyrone, diosmin and others are known to stimulate macrophages to degrade extracellular albumin, allowing faster resorption of edematous fluids.
Naturally occurring coumarin is also the basis for various 4-hydroxybenzopyrone-based molecules which occur naturally dicoumarol and are made synthetically warfarin and function as anticoagulants.
References
Benzopyrans |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phallolysin | Phallolysin is a protein found the Amanita phalloides species of the Amanita genus of mushrooms, the species commonly known as the death cap mushroom. The protein is toxic and causes cytolysis in many cells found in animals and is noted for its hemolytic properties. It was one of the first toxins discovered in Amanita phalloides when the various toxins in the species where first being researched. The protein itself is observed to come in 3 variations, with observed differences in isoelectric point.
History
The toxic properties of death cap mushrooms have been known for most of recorded history, with historical accounts implicating it in the deaths of emperors. Attempts to isolate the toxic compounds began in the late 19th century, with the cytolytic elements of A. phalloides being isolated in 1891.
Physical properties
Phallolysin has three variations, which differ in observed isoelectric point. The variations have differences in the amino acids that make up the protein structure, with identical amounts of some amino acids while varying in others. They have near identical molecular weights of 34 kDa.
Effects on animal cells
Phallolysin has been observed to have hemolytic properties toward a variety of animal cells, with it primarily being observed in mammals. The toxic effects are reduced at higher temperatures.
See also
Amanita phalloides
Amanita
Hemolysis
Phallotoxin
Amatoxin
Virotoxins
Phalloidin
Antamanide
References
Mycotoxins found in Basidiomycota
P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyrylcholinesterase | Butyrylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol BCHE; EC 3.1.1.8), also known as BChE, BuChE, BuChase, pseudocholinesterase, or plasma (cholin)esterase, is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses many different choline-based esters. In humans, it is made in the liver, found mainly in blood plasma, and encoded by the BCHE gene.
It is very similar to the neuronal acetylcholinesterase, which is also known as RBC or erythrocyte cholinesterase. The term "serum cholinesterase" is generally used in reference to a clinical test that reflects levels of both of these enzymes in the blood. Assay of butyrylcholinesterase activity in plasma can be used as a liver function test as both hypercholinesterasemia and hypocholinesterasemia indicate pathological processes. The half-life of BCHE is approximately 10 to 14 days.
Butyrylcholine is a synthetic compound that does not occur in the body naturally. It is used as a tool to distinguish between acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.
Potential physiological role
Butyrylcholinesterase may be a physiological ghrelin regulator.
Clinical significance
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency results in delayed metabolism of only a few compounds of clinical significance, including the following: succinylcholine, mivacurium, procaine, heroin, and cocaine. Of these, its most clinically important substrate is the depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, succinylcholine, which the pseudocholinesterase enzyme hydrolyzes to succinylmonocholine and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20career%20achievements%20by%20LeBron%20James | This article lists career accomplishments of the American professional basketball player LeBron James.
NBA career statistics
Correct as of the 2022–23 season.
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 79 || 79 || 39.5 || .500|| .290 || .754 || 5.5 || 5.9 || 1.6 || .7 || 20.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 80 || 80 || style="background:#cfecec;"| 42.4* || .472 || .351 || .750 || 7.4 || 7.2 || 2.2 || .7 || 27.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 79 || 79 || 42.5 || .480 || .335 || .738 || 7.0 || 6.6 || 1.6 || .8 || 31.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 78 || 78 || 40.9 || .476 || .319 || .698 || 6.7 || 6.0 || 1.6 || .7|| 27.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 75 || 74 || 40.4 || .484 || .315 || .712 || 7.9 || 7.2 || 1.8 || 1.1 || style="background:#cfecec;" | 30.0*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 81 || 81 || 37.7 || .489 || .344 || .780 || 7.6 || 7.2 || 1.7 || 1.1 || 28.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Cleveland
| 76 || 76 || 39.0 || .503 || .333 || .767 || 7.3 || 8.6 || 1.6 || 1.0 || 29.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Miami
| 79 || 79 || 38.8 || .510 || .330 || .759 || 7.5 || 7.0 || 1.6 || .6 || 26.7
|-
|style="text-align:left;background:#afe6ba;"|†
|style="text-align:left;"|Miami |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonolith | In geology, a chonolith is a type of igneous rock intrusion (also known as pluton). Igneous rock intrusions are bodies of igneous rock that are formed by the crystallization of cooled magma below the Earth’s surface. These formations are termed intrusive rocks due the magma intruding rock layers but never reaching the earth’s surface. However, sometimes portions of plutons can become exposed at the Earth’s surface and thus the minerals can be observed since they are large enough. The different plutonic formations are named based on the different shapes that the cooled crystallized magma takes. However, all plutonic formations that have irregular shapes and do not share the same characteristics as other plutonic structures are termed chonoliths. Other plutonic structures that have specific shapes include: dikes, sills, laccoliths and sheets. Another unique characteristic of chonoliths is that there is a floor or base present which is typically absent in other types of intrusions.
How they are formed
The rocks on Earth’s surface are continuously subject to different types of forces, including tensional, compressional and shear stress. When these rocks are under this kind of stress, they are forced to deform causing them to take on different types of shapes. For example, as tectonic plates are pushed together, rocks undergo compressional stress due to the shortening and thickening of the crust thus forming mountain formations. Whereas, tensional stress due to tectonic plates b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe%20raccoon | The Guadeloupe raccoon (Procyon lotor minor) is a common raccoon subspecies endemic to the two main islands (Basse-Terre Island and Grande-Terre) of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles.
Classification
Thought in the past to be a distinct species, the Guadeloupe raccoon is a subspecies of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor), according to two studies in 1999 and 2003. The study of its morphological and genetic traits done in 2003 by Kristofer M. Helgen and Don E. Wilson indicated that the Guadeloupe raccoon was introduced by humans just a few centuries ago. This assumption is supported by the fact that the Guadeloupe raccoon seems to be closely related to the Bahamian raccoon (Procyon lotor maynardi), which is endemic on New Providence Island in the Bahamas, an archipelago nearly 2,000 km (1,243 mi) away, and that evidence exists of former raccoon populations on Cuba, Hispaniola and Jamaica. Therefore, the Guadeloupe raccoon is listed to be conspecific with the Bahaman raccoon in the third edition of Mammal Species of the World and its former scientific name Procyon (lotor) minor is listed as a synonym for Procyon lotor maynardi. According to Pons’ haplotype comparisons done by his study, the genetic distance between the lotor subspecies and P. l. minor was shorter than between P. l. hirtus, pallidus and lotor. Raccoons of Arizona are the most divergent, as they are from separate branches, whereas Guadeloupe raccoons are most similar to raccoons from Virginia and Maryland.
De |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Lone%20Wolf%20media | The following is a list of media published in the Lone Wolf series of gamebooks, and other derivative media based on the gamebooks. The original gamebook series, and the bulk of subsequent Lone Wolf media, was written by Joe Dever. The success and cult status of the original gamebooks helped in the creation of a spin-off called The World of Lone Wolf, written by Ian Page, a series of novelizations, a collection of role-playing games, and a number of video games and other derivative works.
Printed media
Main gamebook series
Although they form one full series numbered 1 to 32, the Lone Wolf gamebooks are in fact subdivided in four subseries. In the Kai Series (books 1 to 5), we follow Lone Wolf as he climbs the steps to become a Kai Lord of the Magnakai level. In the Magnakai Series (books 6 to 12), Lone Wolf collects the Lorestones so he could reach the Grand Master level, the highest level a Kai Lord could achieve in the First Kai Order. In the Grand Master series (books 13 to 20), Lone Wolf discovers that there are even higher levels a Kai Lord could achieve, up to the point of Supreme Kai Master. In the New Order series (books 21 to 32), we play as a member of the Second Kai Order already at the level of a Grand Master. The yet to be published book 32 will belong to this subseries.
Kai series
Magnakai series
Grand Master series
New Order series
Spin-off gamebook series
The World of Lone Wolf
All four World of Lone Wolf books were written by Ian Page and edited by Jo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20Markov%20compression | Dynamic Markov compression (DMC) is a lossless data compression algorithm developed by Gordon Cormack and Nigel Horspool. It uses predictive arithmetic coding similar to prediction by partial matching (PPM), except that the input is predicted one bit at a time (rather than one byte at a time). DMC has a good compression ratio and moderate speed, similar to PPM, but requires somewhat more memory and is not widely implemented. Some recent implementations include the experimental compression programs hook by Nania Francesco Antonio, ocamyd by Frank Schwellinger, and as a submodel in paq8l by Matt Mahoney. These are based on the 1993 implementation in C by Gordon Cormack.
Algorithm
DMC predicts and codes one bit at a time. It differs from PPM in that it codes bits rather than bytes, and from context mixing algorithms such as PAQ in that there is only one context per prediction. The predicted bit is then coded using arithmetic coding.
Arithmetic coding
A bitwise arithmetic coder such as DMC has two components, a predictor and an arithmetic coder. The predictor accepts an n-bit input string x = x1x2...xn and assigns it a probability p(x), expressed as a product of a series of predictions, p(x1)p(x2|x1)p(x3|x1x2) ... p(xn| x1x2...xn–1). The arithmetic coder maintains two high precision binary numbers, plow and phigh, representing the possible range for the total probability that the model would assign to all strings lexicographically less than x, given the bits of x s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive%20Everglades%20Restoration%20Plan | The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) is the plan enacted by the U.S. Congress for the restoration of the Everglades ecosystem in southern Florida.
When originally authorized by the U.S. Congress in 2000, it was estimated that CERP would cost a total of $8.2 billion and take approximately 30 years to complete. More recent estimates (2014) indicate that the plan would take approximately 50 years to implement, and would cost approximately $1.63 billion more than originally thought, plus additional adjustments for inflation.
Overview
The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) provides a framework and guide to restore, protect and preserve the water resources of central and southern Florida, including the Everglades. It covers 16 counties over an area and centers on an update of the Central & Southern Florida (C&SF) Project also known as the Restudy. The State of Florida (via the South Florida Water Management District) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are undertaking various projects under CERP to help ensure the proper quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of waters to the Everglades and all of South Florida.
The goal of CERP is to recapture the fresh water that is currently pumped out to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in order to reduce water levels in Lake Okeechobee and redirect it south to the Everglades National Park that has been receiving greatly reduced inflows since the 20th century drainage of the landscape.
The majo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20brake | A water brake is a type of fluid coupling used to absorb mechanical energy and usually consists of a turbine or propeller mounted in an enclosure filled with water.
As the turbine or propeller turns, mechanical energy is transferred to the water due to turbulence and friction. The shock caused by the acceleration of the water as it passes from pockets in the stator to the pockets in the spinning rotor requires energy. That energy heats the water due to the friction as the water moves through the water brake. Almost all of the horsepower of the system turning the rotor (usually an internal combustion engine) is converted into a temperature change of the water. A very small amount of energy is taken by the bearings and seals within the unit. Therefore, water must constantly move through the device at a rate proportional to the horse power that is being absorbed. Water temperature exiting the unit must be kept under 120–160 °F (50–70 °C) to prevent scale formation and cavitation. The water enters in the center of the device and after passing through the pockets in the stator and rotor exits the outside of the housing through a controlled orifice. The amount of loading is dependent on the level of water inside the housing. Some water brakes vary the load by controlling the inlet water volume only and have a set outlet orifice size depending on the desired hp to be absorbed and some control both input and output orifices at the same time which allows greater control over outlet w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Hoste | Frank Hoste (born 29 August 1955, in Ghent) is a retired Belgian racing cyclist, who won the points classification in the Tour de France in 1984 as well as three stage victories. Hoste was a professional cyclist from 1977 to 1991, then he started a bicycle factory.
He rode in 13 grand tours throughout his career, eight times in the Tour de France and five times in the Giro d'Italia. All total he won five stages in the Tour de France and during the 1983 Giro d'Italia he came in the top 5 on eight different stages, one of which was a stage win.
Major results
1982
Gent–Wevelgem
Belgian cycling road championship
Four Days of Dunkirk
1982 Tour de France: 8th stage
1983
Giro d'Italia: Stage 16A
Tour de Suisse: Stages 1, 2 and 8
1984
1984 Tour de France
Winner stages 1, 6 and 21
Winner of the Points classification
Grand Prix de Wallonie
Hasselt-Spa-Hasselt
1985
Giro d'Italia: Stage 6
1986
1986 Tour de France: Stage 15
GP Kanton Aargau Gippingen
References
External links
Frank Hoste's bicycle factory
1955 births
Belgian male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Belgium
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
Belgian Giro d'Italia stage winners
Cyclists from Ghent
Living people
Tour de Suisse stage winners
20th-century Belgian people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertranscendental%20number | A complex number is said to be hypertranscendental if it is not the value at an algebraic point of a function which is the solution of an algebraic differential equation with coefficients in and with algebraic initial conditions.
The term was introduced by D. D. Morduhai-Boltovskoi in "Hypertranscendental numbers and hypertranscendental functions" (1949).
The term is related to transcendental numbers, which are numbers which are not a solution of a non-zero polynomial equation with rational coefficients. The number is transcendental but not hypertranscendental, as it can be generated from the solution to the differential equation .
Any hypertranscendental number is also a transcendental number.
See also
Hypertranscendental function
References
Hiroshi Umemura, "On a class of numbers generated by differential equations related with algebraic groups", Nagoya Math. Journal. Volume 133 (1994), 1-55. (Downloadable from ProjectEuclid)
Transcendental numbers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogataea%20polymorpha | Ogataea polymorpha is a methylotrophic yeast with unusual characteristics. It is used as a protein factory for pharmaceuticals.
Ogataea polymorpha belongs to a limited number of methylotrophic yeast species – yeasts that can grow on methanol. The range of methylotrophic yeasts includes Candida boidinii, Pichia methanolica, Pichia pastoris and Ogataea polymorpha. O. polymorpha is taxonomically a species of the family Saccharomycetaceae.
Strains
Three O. polymorpha strains, identified in the 1950s, are known. They have unclear relationships and are of independent origins. They are found in soil samples, the gut of insects or in spoiled concentrated orange juice. They exhibit different features and are used in basic research and to recombinant protein production:
strain CBS4732 (CCY38-22-2; ATCC34438, NRRL-Y-5445)
strain DL-1 (NRRL-Y-7560; ATCC26012)
strain NCYC495 (CBS1976; ATAA14754, NRLL-Y-1798)
Strains CBS4732 and NCYY495 can be mated whereas strain DL-1 cannot be mated with the other two. Strains CBS4732 and DL-1 are employed for recombinant protein production, strain NCYC495 is mainly used for the study of nitrate assimilation.
The entire genome of strain CBS4732 has completely been sequenced.
Ogataea polymorpha is a thermo-tolerant microorganism with some strains growing at temperatures above . The organism is able to assimilate nitrate and can grow on a range of carbon sources in addition to methanol. Cells grown under conditions of elevated temperature accumulate a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertranscendental%20function | A hypertranscendental function or transcendentally transcendental function is a transcendental analytic function which is not the solution of an algebraic differential equation with coefficients in (the integers) and with algebraic initial conditions.
History
The term 'transcendentally transcendental' was introduced by E. H. Moore in 1896; the term 'hypertranscendental' was introduced by D. D. Morduhai-Boltovskoi in 1914.
Definition
One standard definition (there are slight variants) defines solutions of differential equations of the form
,
where is a polynomial with constant coefficients, as algebraically transcendental or differentially algebraic. Transcendental functions which are not algebraically transcendental are transcendentally transcendental. Hölder's theorem shows that the gamma function is in this category.
Hypertranscendental functions usually arise as the solutions to functional equations, for example the gamma function.
Examples
Hypertranscendental functions
The zeta functions of algebraic number fields, in particular, the Riemann zeta function
The gamma function (cf. Hölder's theorem)
Transcendental but not hypertranscendental functions
The exponential function, logarithm, and the trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
The generalized hypergeometric functions, including special cases such as Bessel functions (except some special cases which are algebraic).
Non-transcendental (algebraic) functions
All algebraic functions, in particular polynom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacetyl%20reductase | Diacetyl reductase is the name of two acetoin forming enzymes:
Diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming)
Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyltransferase%20like%202 | Acyltransferase like 2 (or lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase) is an enzyme which converts lysophospatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine.
See also
Platelet-activating factor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qvarforth | Qvarforth is a surname whose origins may have begun in Germany. Qvarforth, or one of its derivatives, is a surname used in Scandinavia, Germany, Belgium and other areas located in northern Europe.
Its origin can be traced back to Anders Qvarfordt born in Querfod, Saxony (Germany).
This may have later developed into the surname of two melters, Mikkel and Anders Querfood, who worked at Baerums factory in Norway in 1610.
The name Qvarfordt is first mentioned in 1627 from an area then known as Risinge until 1942, since 1971 Finspång Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden, with Anders Qvarfordt. He and his nine children are mentioned in a court order in Risinge 1695. Five of his six sons were blacksmiths and two of his three daughters were married to blacksmiths.
The theory is that the family is German and not from Wallonia. There is a town in Saxony called Querfurt and it is believed that descendants of Querfurt as they moved throughout got the name "Franz of Querfurt", which over time turned into varieties of Querfurt in the different regions. There are 16 different varieties of Qvarfordt. The form Qvarfordt makes up about half of all instances of the broader name.
Qvarforth comes in many varieties:
References
Baerums verks historie, Yngvar Hauge,Oslo 1953
Kurt G Trägårdh (Barn III:5, s)
Homepage for a family line
Surnames |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecureLog | In cryptology, SecureLog is an algorithm used to convert digital data into trusted data that can be verified if the authenticity is questioned. SecureLog is used in IT solutions that generates data to support compliance regulations like SOX.
History
An algorithm used to make datalogs secure from manipulation. The first infrastructure supporting the algorithm was available on the Internet in 2006.
Operation
SecureLog involves an active key provider, a managed data store and a verification provider.
Active Key Provider
An active key provider distributes active keys to subscribers. An active key contains encrypted data representing time and a private secret. An active key has a validity period that is set by the active key provider.
Managed data store
The managed data store is a subscriber to the active keys delivered by the active key provider. The managed data store uses the active keys to do asymmetric encryption, timestamping and archive the data into a locked database.
Verification provider
The verification provider may read segments from the locked database and verify content, timestamps and that the integrity of the data has not been broken or manipulated since it was saved.
Uses
The algorithm is used in several different use cases:
Compliance issues
SecureLog is used to secure different types of data logs like access logs, email archives or transaction logs and is primarily in use where compliance might be an issue.
The administrator weak link problem
One drawback |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cancer%20Genome%20Atlas | The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a project to catalogue the genetic mutations responsible for cancer using genome sequencing and bioinformatics. The overarching goal was to apply high-throughput genome analysis techniques to improve the ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer through a better understanding of the genetic basis of the disease.
TCGA was supervised by the National Cancer Institute's Center for Cancer Genomics and the National Human Genome Research Institute funded by the US government. A three-year pilot project, begun in 2006, focused on characterization of three types of human cancers: glioblastoma multiforme, lung squamous carcinoma, and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. In 2009, it expanded into phase II, which planned to complete the genomic characterization and sequence analysis of 20–25 different tumor types by 2014. Ultimately, TCGA surpassed that goal, characterizing 33 cancer types including 10 rare cancers.
The project initially set out to collect and characterize 500 patient samples, more than most genomics studies of its time, and used a variety of different molecular techniques. Techniques included gene expression profiling, copy number variation profiling, SNP genotyping, genome wide DNA methylation profiling, microRNA profiling, and exon sequencing. With restraints of nascent technology and costs at the start of the project, many array-based technologies and limited targeted gene sequencing were performed. During II, TCGA was able to begin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosamine-6%20sulfatase | N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the GALNS gene.
This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase, which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Sequence alterations including point, missense and nonsense mutations, as well as those that affect splicing, result in a deficiency of this enzyme. Deficiencies of this enzyme lead to Morquio A syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder.
References
Further reading
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-N-Acetylglucosaminidase | The enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (, α-acetylglucosaminidase, N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase, α-D-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucosidase) is a protein associated with Sanfilippo syndrome, with systematic name α-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase. It catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminides, and also UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
References
External links
EC 3.2.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast%20expression%20platform | A yeast expression platform is a strain of yeast used to produce large amounts of proteins, sugars or other compounds for research or industrial uses. While yeast are often more resource-intensive to maintain than bacteria, certain products can only be produced by eukaryotic cells like yeast, necessitating use of a yeast expression platform. Yeasts differ in productivity and with respect to their capabilities to secrete, process and modify proteins. As such, different types of yeast (i.e. different expression platforms) are better suited for different research and industrial applications.
Products
Since the onset of genetic engineering, a number of microorganisms have been developed for the production of biological products. These products are used in medicine and industry to create pharmaceuticals like hepatitis B vaccines or insulin. Common platforms for the development of medicine and other products include the bacterium E. coli, and several yeasts and mammalian cells (including, notably, Chinese hamster ovary cells). In general a microorganism used as an expression platform has to meet several criteria: it should be able grow rapidly in large containers, produce proteins in an efficient way (i.e. with minimal resource input), be safe and, in case of pharmaceuticals, it should produce and modify the products to be as ready for human consumption as possible.
Strains used
Yeasts are common hosts for the production of proteins from recombinant DNA. They offer relatively |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase | N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.14, glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase, systematic name N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GNS gene. It is deficient in Sanfilippo Syndrome type IIId. It catalyses the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate
Function
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase is a lysosomal enzyme found in all cells. It is involved in the catabolism of heparin, heparan sulphate, and keratan sulphate.
Clinical significance
Deficiency of this enzyme results in the accumulation of undergraded substrate and the lysosomal storage disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D syndrome). Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID is the least common of the four subtypes of Sanfilippo syndrome.
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme is "N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate 6-sulfohydrolase". Other accepted names include:
N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase,
glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase,
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-sulfate sulfatase,
N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate sulfatase,
O,N-disulfate O-sulfohydrolase,
acetylglucosamine 6-sulfatase,
chondroitinsulfatase, and
glucosamine-6-sulfatase.
References
External links
EC 3.1.6 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bridge%20to%20Total%20Freedom | The Bridge to Total Freedom, also known as the Classification, Gradation and Awareness Chart, is Scientology's primary action plan and road map to guide a person through the sequential steps to attain Scientology's concept of spiritual freedom. Displayed in every Scientology organization as an enormous poster using red ink, the comprehensive chart contains almost every service available within Scientology. All steps on the Bridge cost money.
History
In 1950, L. Ron Hubbard wrote Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. In it, he used the analogy of bridge engineering: "We are here at a bridge between one state of Man and a next. We are above the chasm which divides a lower from a higher plateau and this chasm marks an artificial evolutionary step in the progress of Man. [...] In this handbook we have the basic axioms and a therapy which works. For God's sake, get busy and build a better bridge!"
In 1965, Hubbard codified his "Bridge" as a more systematic approach to moving Scientologists to the state of Clear. Hubbard added a series of steps he called "releases" which handled memory, communication, problems, "overts and withholds" (sins, crimes and secrets), upsets, and justifications for failure. The steps were numbered Grade 0 through Grade IV, and each step had a specific ability gained.
Description
The Bridge to Total Freedom is displayed as a large wall chart, printed with red ink on white paper. There are two main columns: "Training" on the left and "Proce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20R.%20Mallory%20and%20Co%20Inc | P. R. Mallory and Co Inc was a US producer of dry cell batteries (Mercury; alkaline Duracell), electronic components including electrolytic capacitors, and audible warning devices ("Sonalert"). It also was the parent firm of Mallory Batteries Ltd., an Irish producer of Ever Ready batteries. British Ever Ready had a large stake in it by World War II and had a close relationship with Mallory by the late 1960s. In the US, "Eveready" batteries were a trademark of Union Carbide, which had no relationship with P. R. Mallory.
Scientists George Wallis and Daniel I. Pomerantz at P. R. Mallory and Co discovered anodic bonding of glass to silicon. Their work was published in 1969 in the Journal of Applied Physics and is protected under U.S. Patent No 3,397,278.
History
The company was founded in 1916 by Philip Rogers Mallory, and initially manufactured tungsten wire for lamp filaments. The P.R. Mallory Company also manufactured resistance welding electrodes. In 1924 the company moved its headquarters to 3029 East Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana, and had several divisions besides Duracell batteries including Mallory Capacitor Company with manufacturing plants in Greencastle, Indiana; Huntsville, Alabama; Waynesboro, Tennessee; and Glasgow, Kentucky. Mallory Controls had a manufacturing plant in Frankfort, Indiana, and Mallory Distributor Products had a plant in Indianapolis.
In 1942, inventor Samuel Ruben, with Mallory, developed a practical balanced form of mercury batt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezomagnetism | Piezomagnetism is a phenomenon observed in some antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic crystals. It is characterized by a linear coupling between the system's magnetic polarization and mechanical strain. In a piezomagnetic material, one may induce a spontaneous magnetic moment by applying mechanical stress, or a physical deformation by applying a magnetic field.
Piezomagnetism differs from the related property of magnetostriction; if an applied magnetic field is reversed in direction, the strain produced changes signs. Additionally, a non-zero piezomagnetic moment can be produced by mechanical strain alone, at zero fields, which is not true of magnetostriction. According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): "Piezomagnetism is the linear magneto-mechanical effect analogous to the linear electromechanical effect of piezoelectricity. Similarly, magnetostriction and electrostriction are analogous second-order effects. These higher-order effects can be represented as effectively first-order when variations in the system parameters are small compared with the initial values of the parameters".
The piezomagnetic effect is made possible by an absence of certain symmetry elements in a crystal structure; specifically, symmetry under time reversal forbids the property.
The first experimental observation of piezomagnetism was made in 1960, in the fluorides of cobalt and manganese.
The strongest piezomagnet known is uranium dioxide, with magnetoelastic memory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Bergman | Per H. Bergman (May 15, 1886 – October 18, 1950) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
profile
1886 births
1950 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Bergstr%C3%B6m | Dick Bergström (February 15, 1886 – August 17, 1952) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class. His brother is Kurt Bergström.
References
External links
profile
1886 births
1952 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Bergstr%C3%B6m | Kurt J. Bergström (23 July 1891 – 20 November 1955) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class at the 1912 Olympics. His brother Dick Bergström was also a crew member.
Kurt was an MD and worked as a physician in Jönköping, Sweden.
Family
He was married to Inga Märta Eleonora Bergström, born Andersson. Inga and Kurt had three daughters: Marianne 1933, Marguerite 1936 and Inga-Brita 1937. All his daughters eventually got married and had children but Kurt died before these events and therefore he never met his grandchildren.
Death
On the morning of 20 November 1955, Kurt felt ill and went to see his face in the mirror in his own bed room. There he a diagnosed himself with a cerebral haemorrhage as half his face was paralyzed. He died peacefully in hospital later that day.
References
External links
profile
1891 births
1955 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20Clason | Hugo Clason (June 2, 1865 – January 21, 1935) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
Profile
1865 births
1935 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
20th-century Swedish people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folke%20Johnson | Folke Johnson (June 15, 1887 – February 20, 1962) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
profile
1887 births
1962 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigurd%20Kander | Gustaf Sigurd Vilhelm Kander (29 January 1890 – 30 April 1980) was a Swedish sailor. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe that won the silver medal in the 12 m class at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
References
1890 births
1980 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Royal Swedish Yacht Club sailors
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sailors (sport) from Stockholm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Lamby | Iwan Lamby (October 29, 1885 – January 15, 1970) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
Iwan's father Boris Roland Lamby, (1856-1893) was (unofficially) one of his mother's, Wilhelmina (Mina) Lamby (1834-1863), 5 children with the Tsar Alexander II of Russia Iwan is buried in a 10 m2 valve at the church of Klara in Stockholm.
References
External links
profile
https://www.genealogi.net/a-o/namnregister-soh-och-sgt/?gfsohp=Lamby
1885 births
1970 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Lindqvist | Erik J. Lindqvist (May 20, 1886 – September 17, 1934) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
profile
1886 births
1934 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Persson | Nils Persson (February 11, 1879 – February 4, 1941) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
profile
1879 births
1941 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo%20S%C3%A4llstr%C3%B6m | Richard Hugo Sällström (December 15, 1870 – February 19, 1951) was a Swedish sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was a crew member of the Swedish boat Erna Signe, which won the silver medal in the 12 metre class.
References
External links
1870 births
1951 deaths
Swedish male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Sweden
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in sailing
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sailors at the 1912 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Folan | Anthony Stephen Folan (born 18 September 1978) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for Brentford and Crystal Palace. Born in England, he represented Republic of Ireland at age-group level.
Club career
Crystal Palace
Folan was born in Lewisham, England. Growing up in Galway, he was a classmate of Colin Hawkins at St. Joseph's Patrician College and played youth football at Galway Hibernians. At the age of 14, he signed schoolboy terms at Crystal Palace. He made steady progress through the ranks at the club, signing a professional contract in 1995 and appearing in the 1997 FA Youth Cup final against Leeds United. With Palace's relegation from the Premiership already confirmed, Folan made his first team debut in the final match of the 1997–98 season against Sheffield Wednesday, when he replaced Saša Ćurčić after 75 minutes. Early in the 1998–99 season, he appeared in the first leg of Palace's Intertoto Cup third round match against Samsunspor, but was replaced by Simon Rodger after 63 minutes. Folan subsequently injured his groin and was out for six weeks after undergoing surgery. He turned down the offer of a contract extension from new manager Terry Venables and departed Selhurst Park in September 1998.
Brentford
Folan dropped down two divisions to sign for Third Division club Brentford for a £110,000 fee on 22 September 1998. He enjoyed a solid first season, making 35 appearances, scoring six goals and being awarded a Third Division winner's medal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannose%20phosphate%20isomerase | Mannose-6 phosphate isomerase (MPI), alternately phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) () is an enzyme which facilitates the interconversion of fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase may also enable the synthesis of GDP-mannose in eukaryotic organisms. M6P can be converted to F6P by mannose-6-phosphate isomerase and subsequently utilized in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. PMI is monomeric and metallodependent on zinc as a cofactor ligand. PMI is inhibited by erythrose 4-phosphate, mannitol 1-phosphate, and to a lesser extent, the alpha anomer of M6P.
Mechanism
MPI must convert an aldose (mannose) to a ketose (fructose), in addition to opening and closing the rings for these sugars. In humans a mechanism has been suggested which involves a hydrogen transfer between C1 and C2, mediated by Tyr278, and the movement of a proton from O1 and O2 mediated by the associated Zn2+ ion. The ring opening step may be catalyzed by His99 and Asp270, and isomerization is likely a cis-enediol mechanism.
PMI shows a high degree of selectivity for the beta anomer of M6P, and the alpha anomer has no activity, and may in fact act as an inhibitor. Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) has a very similar function to PMI, (as it catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and F6P) however PGI can anomerize alpha and beta G6P, and may also catalyze the conversion of alpha M6P to beta M6P, while PMI |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20and%20Einstein%20frames | The Lagrangian in scalar-tensor theory can be expressed in the Jordan frame in which the scalar field or some function of it multiplies the Ricci scalar, or in the Einstein frame in which Ricci scalar is not multiplied by the scalar field. There exist various transformations between these frames. Despite the fact that these frames have been around for some time there is has been debate about whether either, both, or neither frame is a 'physical' frame which can be compared to observations and experiment.
Christopher Hill and Graham Ross have shown that there exist ``gravitational contact terms" in the Jordan frame, whereby the action is modified by graviton exchange. This modification leads back to the Einstein frame as the effective theory.
Contact interactions arise in Feynman diagrams when a vertex contains a power of the exchanged momentum, , which then cancels against the Feynman propagator, , leading to a point-like interaction. This must be included as part of the effective action of the theory. When the contact term is included results for amplitudes in the Jordan frame will be equivalent to those in the Einstein frame, and
results of physical calculations in the Jordan frame that omit the contact terms will generally be incorrect. This implies that the Jordan frame action is misleading, and the Einstein frame is uniquely correct for fully representing the physics.
Equations and physical interpretation
If we perform the Weyl rescaling , then the Riemann and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose%201-phosphate | Fructose-1-phosphate is a derivative of fructose. It is generated mainly by hepatic fructokinase but is also generated in smaller amounts in the small intestinal mucosa and proximal epithelium of the renal tubule. It is an important intermediate of glucose metabolism. Because fructokinase has a high Vmax fructose entering cells is quickly phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate. In this form it is usually accumulated in the liver until it undergoes further conversion by aldolase B (the rate limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism).
Aldolase B converts it into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Glyceraldehyde is then phosphorylated by triose kinase to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Metabolism of fructose thus essentially results in intermediates of glycolysis. This means that fructose has the same fate as glucose after it gets metabolised. The final product of glycolysis (pyruvate) may then undergo gluconeogenesis, enter the TCA cycle or be stored as fatty acids.
Clinical significance
In hereditary fructose intolerance caused by defects in aldolase B, fructose 1-phosphate accumulates in the liver and causes a number of adverse defects. Hypoglycemia results from inhibition of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It depletes intracellular phosphate reserves which leads to loss of ATP and inhibition of biosynthetic pathways. Symptoms of hereditary fructose intolerance are apathy, drowsiness, sweatiness and tremulousness.
References
Monosaccharide derivatives
Orga |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic%20fructokinase | Hepatic fructokinase (or ketohexokinase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose to produce fructose-1-phosphate.
ATP + ADP +
ATP + D-fructose → ADP + D-fructose-1-phosphate
Pathology
A deficiency is associated with essential fructosuria.
References
External links
EC 2.7.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20processors | Stream processors may refer to:
Stream processing, a technique used to accelerate the processing of many types of video and image computations
Stream Processors, Inc, a semiconductor company that has commercialized stream processing for DSP applications
Event stream processing, a set of technologies designed to assist the construction of event-driven information systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential%20fructosuria | Essential fructosuria, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hepatic fructokinase, is a clinically benign condition characterized by the incomplete metabolism of fructose in the liver, leading to its excretion in urine. Fructokinase (sometimes called ketohexokinase) is the first enzyme involved in the degradation of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate in the liver.
This defective degradation does not cause any clinical symptoms, fructose is either excreted unchanged in the urine or metabolized to fructose-6-phosphate by alternate pathways in the body, most commonly by hexokinase in adipose tissue and muscle.
Cause
Essential fructosuria is a genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Mutations in the KHK gene, located on chromosome 2p23.3-23.2 are responsible. The incidence of essential fructosuria has been estimated at 1:130,000. The actual incidence is likely higher, because those affected are asymptomatic.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis of essential fructosuria is typically made after a positive routine test for reducing sugars in the urine. An additional test with glucose oxidase must also be carried out (with a negative result indicating essential fructosuria) as a positive test for reducing sugars is most often a result of glucosuria secondary to diabetes mellitus. The excretion of fructose in the urine is not constant, it depends largely on dietary intake.
Treatment
No treatment is indicated for essential fructosuria, while the degree of fructosuria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade%20%28finance%29 | In finance, a trade is an exchange of a security (stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, derivatives or any valuable financial instrument) for "cash", typically a short-dated promise to pay in the currency of the country where the 'exchange' is located. The price at which a financial instrument is traded, is determined by the supply and demand for that financial instrument.
Securities trade life cycle
Order initiation and execution. (Front office function)
Risk management and order routing. (Middle office function)
Order matching and conversion into trade. (Front office function)
Affirmation and confirmation. (back office function)
Clearing and Settlement. (back office function)
See also
Electronic trading platform
Stockbroker
Stock exchange
Stock market
Trader
References
Share trading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell%20Ashtara | Tell Ashtara () is an archaeological mound south of Damascus. The Bronze Age city that once stood here may have been mentioned in the Amarna letters correspondence of 1350 BC as Aštartu, and is usually identified with the Biblical city of Ashtaroth.
Aštartu in Egyptian texts
Aštartu is only referenced in two of the 382-letter Amarna corpus, in letters EA 256 and EA 197 (EA stands for 'el-Amarna').
EA 197 is catalogued as "Biryawaza's plight". Biryawaza was the mayor of Damascus, called Dimasqu in the letters' Akkadian.
EA 256 is a story concerning Mutbaal, the son of Labaya, and the Habiru, in regard to the whereabouts of Ayyab, who may be in Pihilu, modern day Pella, Jordan, and is a letter of intrigue, catalogued as "Oaths and denials", and lists 7 cities located in the Golan area.
Ayyab was the king of Aštartu. He authored of one surviving letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, listed as EA 364.
Aštartu is mentioned in the Annals of Thutmose III at the Temple of Karnak as 'Astarot, which Emmanuel de Rougé and Ludwig Borchardt identify with Biblical Ashtaroth and which Tomkins and Gaston Maspero identify with Tell Ashtarah.
Ashteroth in the Assyrian relief
Ashteroth (Tell Ashtara) is mentioned in the Assyrian relief in 730/727 BC, stored in the British Museum. It is a town where Levites lived. It is mentioned twice in the cuneiform Amarna letters from Tell el-Amarna in 1350 BC. The relief depicts the Assyrians removing the people from Ashteroth in 730–727 BC. The relief wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20derivative | The topological derivative is, conceptually, a derivative of a shape functional with respect to infinitesimal changes in its topology, such as adding an infinitesimal hole or crack. When used in higher dimensions than one, the term topological gradient is also used to name the first-order term of the topological asymptotic expansion, dealing only with infinitesimal singular domain perturbations. It has applications in shape optimization, topology optimization, image processing and mechanical modeling.
Definition
Let be an open bounded domain of , with , which is subject to a nonsmooth perturbation confined in a small region of size with an arbitrary point of and a fixed domain of . Let be a characteristic function associated to the unperturbed domain and be a characteristic function associated to the perforated domain . A given shape functional associated to the topologically perturbed domain, admits the following topological asymptotic expansion:
where is the shape functional associated to the reference domain, is a positive first order correction function of and is the remainder. The function is called the topological derivative of at .
Applications
Structural mechanics
The topological derivative can be applied to shape optimization problems in structural mechanics. The topological derivative can be considered as the singular limit of the shape derivative. It is a generalization of this classical tool in shape optimization. Shape optimization concerns |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyab | Ayyab was a ruler of Aštartu (present day Tell Ashtara) south of Damascus. According to the Amarna letters, cities/city-states and their kings in the region — just like countries to the north, such as Hatti of the Hittites, fell prey to a wave of attacks by Habiru raiders. The Amarna correspondence corpus covers a period from 1350–1335 BC.
Another ruler of Aštartu cited in the Amarna letters is Biridašwa. The letters do not clearly indicate their title, leading some scholars to describe them as kings of Damascus (Dimašqu) while others believe they were high Egyptian officials, possibly mayors.
Ayyab's letter EA 364
Ayyab is the author of only one letter to the Egyptian pharaoh, letter EA 364-(EA for 'el Amarna').
Title: Justified war
To the king, my lord: Message of Ayyab, your servant. I fall at the feet of my lord 7 times and 7 times. I am the servant of the king, my lord, the dirt at his feet. I have heard what the king, my lord, wrote to me through Atahmaya. Truly, I have guarded very carefully, (i.e. Ma-GAL, Ma-GAL), [the citie]s of the king, my lord. Moreover, note that it is the ruler of Hasura who has taken 3 cities from me. From the time I heard and verified this, there has been waging of war against him. Truly, may the king, my lord, take cognizance, and may the king, my lord, give thought to his servant. —EA 364, lines 1-28 (complete)
Ayyab's name is referred to in only one letter of the Amarna letters corpus, one of two letters by Labaya's son: Mutbaal of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danskin%27s%20theorem | In convex analysis, Danskin's theorem is a theorem which provides information about the derivatives of a function of the form
The theorem has applications in optimization, where it sometimes is used to solve minimax problems. The original theorem given by J. M. Danskin in his 1967 monograph provides a formula for the directional derivative of the maximum of a (not necessarily convex) directionally differentiable function.
An extension to more general conditions was proven 1971 by Dimitri Bertsekas.
Statement
The following version is proven in "Nonlinear programming" (1991). Suppose is a continuous function of two arguments,
where is a compact set.
Under these conditions, Danskin's theorem provides conclusions regarding the convexity and differentiability of the function
To state these results, we define the set of maximizing points as
Danskin's theorem then provides the following results.
Convexity
is convex if is convex in for every .
Directional semi-differential
The semi-differential of in the direction , denoted is given by where is the directional derivative of the function at in the direction
Derivative
is differentiable at if consists of a single element . In this case, the derivative of (or the gradient of if is a vector) is given by
Example of no directional derivative
In the statement of Danskin, it is important to conclude semi-differentiability of and not directional-derivative as explains this simple example.
Set , we get |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20Differential%20Compression | Remote Differential Compression (RDC) is a client–server synchronization algorithm that allows the contents of two files to be synchronized by communicating only the differences between them. It was introduced with Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2, is included with later Windows client and server operating systems, but by 2019 is not being developed and is not used by any Microsoft product.
Unlike Binary Delta Compression (BDC), which is designed to operate only on known versions of a single file, RDC does not make assumptions about file similarity or versioning. The differences between files are computed on the fly, therefore RDC is suitable for efficient synchronization of files that have been updated independently, where network bandwidth is small, or where the files are large but the differences between them are small.
The algorithm used is based on fingerprinting blocks on each file locally at both ends of the replication partners. Since many types of file changes can cause the file contents to move without other significant change (for example, a small insertion or deletion at the beginning of a file can cause the rest of the file to become misaligned to the original content) the blocks used for comparison are not based on static arbitrary cut points but on cut points defined by the contents of each file segment. This means that if a part of a file changes in length, or blocks of the contents get moved to other parts of the file, the block boundaries for the parts tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20phase-type%20distribution | The discrete phase-type distribution is a probability distribution that results from a system of one or more inter-related geometric distributions occurring in sequence, or phases. The sequence in which each of the phases occur may itself be a stochastic process. The distribution can be represented by a random variable describing the time until absorption of an absorbing Markov chain with one absorbing state. Each of the states of the Markov chain represents one of the phases.
It has continuous time equivalent in the phase-type distribution.
Definition
A terminating Markov chain is a Markov chain where all states are transient, except one which is absorbing.
Reordering the states, the transition probability matrix of a terminating Markov chain with transient states is
where is a matrix, and are column vectors with entries, and . The transition matrix is characterized entirely by its upper-left block .
Definition. A distribution on is a discrete phase-type distribution if it is the distribution of the first passage time to the absorbing state of a terminating Markov chain with finitely many states.
Characterization
Fix a terminating Markov chain. Denote the upper-left block of its transition matrix and the initial distribution.
The distribution of the first time to the absorbing state is denoted or .
Its cumulative distribution function is
for , and its density function is
for . It is assumed the probability of process starting in the absorbing state is zer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemosis | Nemosis is a process of cell activation and death in human fibroblasts.
Initially discovered as programmed necrosis, the name nemosis, is a derivative from the Goddess Nemesis in Greek mythodology. This name was adopted for fibroblast activation based on its initiation by direct cell–cell interactions as opposed to preference for extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts. Contacts between normal diploid fibroblasts induce cell activation leading to programmed cell death, PCD. This type of PCD has features of necrosis rather than apoptosis.
Nemosis of fibroblasts, or mesenchymal cells in general, generates large amounts of mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins, as well as growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor. It is thus indicated to contribute to processes like acute and chronic inflammation, and cancer. Factors secreted by nemotic fibroblasts also
break down the ECM. Such factors include several matrix metalloproteinases, and plasminogen activation.
References
Cellular processes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20ferrioxalate | Potassium ferrioxalate, also called potassium trisoxalatoferrate or potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III) is a chemical compound with the formula . It often occurs as the trihydrate . Both are crystalline compounds, lime green in colour.
The compound is a salt consisting of ferrioxalate anions, , and potassium cations . The anion is a transition metal complex consisting of an iron atom in the +3 oxidation state and three bidentate oxalate ions anions acting as ligands. Potassium acts as a counterion, balancing the −3 charge of the complex. In solution, the salt dissociates to give the ferrioxalate anion, , which appears fluorescent green in color.
The ferrioxalate anion is quite stable in the dark, but is decomposed by light and high-energy electromagnetic radiation. This photo-sensitive property is used for chemical actinometry, the measure of luminous flux, and for preparation of blueprints.
Preparation
The complex can be synthesized by the reaction between iron(III) sulfate, barium oxalate and potassium oxalate:
As can be read in the reference above, iron(III) sulfate, barium oxalate and potassium oxalate are combined in water and digested for several hours on a steam bath. Oxalate ions from barium oxalate will then replace the sulfate ions in solution, removing them as which can then be filtered and the pure material can be crystallized.
Structure
The structures of the trihydrate and of the anhydrous salt have been extensively studied. which indicates that the Fe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Gemmrich | Albert Gemmrich (born 13 February 1955) is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker. He obtained five caps scoring twice for the France national team.
Career statistics
Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gemmrich goal.
Honours
French championship in 1979 with RC Strasbourg
References
External links
French Football Federation Profile
Stats
1955 births
Living people
People from Haguenau
Footballers from Bas-Rhin
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
French people of German descent
Men's association football forwards
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
AS Mutzig players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
Lille OSC players
OGC Nice players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactose-1-phosphate%20uridylyltransferase%20deficiency | Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase deficiency (classic galactosemia) is the most common type of galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. It is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can cause liver disease and death if untreated. Treatment of galactosemia is most successful if initiated early and includes dietary restriction of lactose intake. Because early intervention is key, galactosemia is included in newborn screening programs in many areas. On initial screening, which often involves measuring the concentration of galactose in blood, classic galactosemia may be indistinguishable from other inborn errors of galactose metabolism, including galactokinase deficiency and galactose epimerase deficiency. Further analysis of metabolites and enzyme activities are needed to identify the specific metabolic error.
Symptoms and signs
In undiagnosed and untreated children, the accumulation of precursor metabolites due to the deficient activity of galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) can lead to feeding problems, failure to thrive, liver damage, bleeding, and infections. The first presenting symptom in an infant is often prolonged jaundice. Without intervention in the form of galactose restriction, infants can develop hyperammonemia and sepsis, possibly leading to shock. The accumulation of galactitol and subsequent osmotic swelling can lead to cataracts whic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Amylase | α-Amylase is an enzyme (; systematic name 4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) that hydrolyses α bonds of large, α-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding shorter chains thereof, dextrins, and maltose:
Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1→4)-α-linked D-glucose units
It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. It is also present in seeds containing starch as a food reserve, and is secreted by many fungi. It is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 13.
In human biology
Although found in many tissues, amylase is most prominent in pancreatic juice and saliva, each of which has its own isoform of human α-amylase. They behave differently on isoelectric focusing, and can also be separated in testing by using specific monoclonal antibodies. In humans, all amylase isoforms link to chromosome 1p21 (see AMY1A).
Salivary amylase (ptyalin)
Amylase is found in saliva and breaks starch into maltose and dextrin. This form of amylase is also called "ptyalin" , which was named by chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius. The name derives from the Greek word πτυω (I spit), because the substance was obtained from saliva. It will break large, insoluble starch molecules into soluble starches (amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, and achrodextrin) producing successively smaller starches and ultimately maltose. Ptyalin acts on linear α(1,4) glycosidic linkages, but compound hydrolysis requires an enzyme that acts on |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial%20shuttle | The mitochondrial shuttles are biochemical transport systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH as well as NAD+ cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule like FAD and [QH2] that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain.
The two main systems in humans are the glycerol phosphate shuttle and the malate-aspartate shuttle. The malate/a-ketoglutarate antiporter functions move electrons while the aspartate/glutamate antiporter moves amino groups. This allows the mitochondria to receive the substrates that it needs for its functionality in an efficient manner.
Shuttles
In humans, the glycerol phosphate shuttle is primarily found in brown adipose tissue, as the conversion is less efficient, thus generating heat, which is one of the main purposes of brown fat. It is primarily found in babies, though it is present in small amounts in adults around the kidneys and on the back of our necks. The malate-aspartate shuttle is found in much of the rest of the body.
The shuttles contains a system of mechanisms used to transport metabolites that lack a protein transporter in the membrane, such as oxaloacetate.
Malate shuttle
The malate shuttle allows the mitochondria to move electrons from NADH without the consumption of metabolites and it uses two antiporters to transport metabolites and keep balance within the mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm.
On the cytoplasmic side a transam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plakohypaphorine | Plakohypaphorines are halogenated indolic non-proteinogenic amino acids named for their similarity to hypaphorine (N,N,N-trimethyltryptophan). First reported in the Caribbean sponge Plakortis simplex in 2003, plakohypaphorines A-C were the first iodine-containing indoles to be discovered in nature. Plakohypaphorines D-F, also found in P. simplex, were reported in 2004 by a group including the researchers who discovered the original plakohypaphorines.
References
Taglialatela-Scafati Orazio et al., 2003. Plakohypaphorines A-C, Iodine-Containing Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Plakortis simplex. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2003(2), pp. 284–287.
Borrelli, Francesca, et al., 2004. Iodinated Indole Alkaloids From Plakortis simplex, New Plakohypaphorines and an Evaluation of Their Antihistamine Activity. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2004(15), pp. 3227–3232.
Alpha-Amino acids
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Halogen-containing alkaloids
Organoiodides
Tryptamines
Zwitterions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Harris%20%28footballer%29 | Richard Harris (born 23 October 1980) is a former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Wycombe Wanderers during the late 1990s and early 2000s. He made an appearance in the FA Youth Cup final against Leeds United in the 1996–97 season against players like Paul Robinson, Harry Kewell and Alan Smith.
Career
Born in Croydon, Harris joined Crystal Palace as a seven-year-old and progressed through the youth and reserve teams to the first team, for whom he made his debut against Huddersfield Town in May 1999. He made 13 league and cup appearances for Crystal Palace, and had loan spells at Mansfield Town and Wycombe Wanderers, before joining Wycombe Wanderers on a permanent basis in April 2002. Harris scored eight goals in 39 appearances in all competitions for Wycombe Wanderers, including two goals in a League Cup victory over First Division side Wimbledon in August 2003. He joined non-league side Woking in December 2003, and later Maidenhead United, before being released by Wycombe Wanderers at the end of the 2003–04 season. He then dropped into non-league football with spells at Eastbourne Borough, Maidenhead United, Horsham, Merthyr Tydfil, Llanelli, Sutton United, and Tonbridge Angels.
See also
FA Youth Cup Finals of the 1990s
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Croydon
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
Sutton United F.C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edna%20Savage | Edna Savage (21 April 1936 – 31 December 2000) was a traditional pop singer in the United Kingdom.
Savage was born in Warrington, Lancashire, England.
She had two elder sisters. Her father was a landscape gardener; her mother an amateur singer. She left school at 15 (common in the UK in those days). At first she trained as a telephone operator, but after a few bands had her sing for them locally, she quit the telephone job to sing professionally.
She auditioned twice for the BBC before making her first broadcast, in 1954. She recorded a number of records, only one of which charted, "Arrivederci Darling" in 1956, which made it to No. 19 in the UK Singles Chart. In 1957 she participated in the UK qualifying heat for the Eurovision Song Contest. In addition to being briefly married to fellow singer Terry Dene, Savage married three more times.
She died at the age of 64.
Recordings
Data from:
References
Traditional pop music singers
1936 births
2000 deaths
Musicians from Warrington
20th-century English singers
20th-century English women singers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Calvin%20Tillman | James Calvin Tillman is a man who was wrongfully convicted of rape, and served 18.5 years in prison before being exonerated by DNA testing on July 11, 2006. Tillman, of East Hartford Connecticut, was convicted of kidnapping in the first degree, sexual assault in the first degree, robbery and assault in the third degree in 1989, and freed in 2007.
Crime
Tillman, a black man, was wrongfully convicted for an attack on a white woman in Hartford, Connecticut that occurred on January 22, 1988. The victim entered her car in an outdoor parking lot at approximately 12:45 A.M. after leaving a bar. Her attacker opened the driver's side door of her car and raped her.
Judicial appeal
Tillman appealed the conviction in the Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1991 (220 Conn. 487, 600 A.2d 738). The Supreme Court upheld the conviction finding that the jury array was not unconstitutionally assembled, alleged errors in jury instruction did not warrant a new trial and certain field notes were not improperly excluded from evidence.
Tillman argued that the jury selection was improper because court clerks had excused a number of potential jurors due to financial hardship. He claimed that the minority candidates were more likely to face this hardship and that this contributed to the fact that there were no African American males on his jury. The court noted that in a murder trial that drew from the same array there were three black persons chosen to serve.
Tillman also raised several issues regard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylallyltranstransferase | Dimethylallyltranstransferase (DMATT), also known as farnesylpyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) or as farnesyldiphosphate synthase (FDPS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FDPS gene and catalyzes the transformation of dimethylallylpyrophosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) into farnesylpyrophosphate (FPP).
Pyrophosphate is also involved, as both a reactant and a product. Geranylpyrophosphate is created in an intermediate step.
See also
Geranyltranstransferase
References
External links
EC 2.5.1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searching%20the%20conformational%20space%20for%20docking | In molecular modelling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to another when bound together in a stable complex. In the case of protein docking, the search space consists of all possible orientations of the protein with respect to the ligand. Flexible docking in addition considers all possible conformations of the protein paired with all possible conformations of the ligand.
With present computing resources, it is impossible to exhaustively explore these search spaces; instead, there are many strategies which attempt to sample the search space with optimal efficiency. Most docking programs in use account for a flexible ligand, and several attempt to model a flexible protein receptor. Each "snapshot" of the pair is referred to as a pose.
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
In this approach, proteins are typically held rigid, and the ligand is allowed to freely explore their conformational space. The generated conformations are then docked successively into the protein, and an MD simulation consisting of a simulated annealing protocol is performed. This is usually supplemented with short MD energy minimization steps, and the energies determined from the MD runs are used for ranking the overall scoring. Although this is a computer-expensive method (involving potentially hundreds of MD runs), it has some advantages: for example, no specialized energy/scoring functions are required. MD force-fields can typically be used to find poses t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20F.%20Smith | Temple Ferris Smith (born March 7, 1939) is an emeritus professor in biomedical engineering who helped to develop the Smith-Waterman algorithm with Michael Waterman in 1981. The Smith-Waterman algorithm serves as the basis for multi sequence comparisons, identifying the segment with the maximum local sequence similarity, see sequence alignment. This algorithm is used for identifying similar DNA, RNA and protein segments. He was director of the BioMolecular Engineering Research Center at Boston University for twenty years and is now professor emeritus.
Education
Smith obtained his bachelor's degree in 1963 from the Physics Department, Purdue University, followed by a PhD in 1969 in the Physics Department, University of Colorado at Boulder.
Research and career
After his PhD, Smith did postdoctoral research from March 1969 to August 1971 in the Department of Biophysics and Genetics, University of Colorado Medical School, Boulder.
His research is centered on the application of various computer science and mathematical methods for the discovery of the syntactic and semantic patterns in nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. In recent years this has focus on molecular evolution of protein families. such as the WD-repeat beta propellers, translation associated GTPase, and the ribosomal proteins. He is known for the creation of the Smith-Waterman algorithm.
Smith has held the following appointments:
1965–1966: Instructor, US Air Force Lowery, Denver, CO
1971–1984: Professor, De |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20change | Population change is simply the change in the number of people in a specified area during a specific time period. Demographics (or demography) is the study of population statistics, their variation and its causes. These statistics include birth rates, death rates (and hence life expectancy), migration rates and sex ratios. All of these statistics are investigated by censuses and surveys conducted over a period of time. Some demographic information can also be obtained from historical maps, and aerial photographs.
A major purpose of demography is to inform government and business planning of the resources that will be required as a result of population changes.
Population trends
The change in total population over a period is equal to the number of births, minus the number of deaths, plus or minus the net amount of migration in a population. The number of births can be projected as the number of females at each relevant age multiplied by the assumed fertility rate. The number of deaths can be projected as the sum of the numbers of each age and sex in the population multiplied by their respective mortality rates. For many centuries, the overall population of the world changed relatively slowly: very broadly, the numbers of births were balanced by numbers of deaths (including high rates of infant immortality). Infant mortality was high for various reasons such as ignorance, insufficient health facilities, and sometimes lack of food. Occasionally, farmers were unable to produce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashlik%20%28physics%29 | In high energy physics detectors, shashlik is a layout for a sampling calorimeter. It refers to a stack of alternating slices of absorber (e.g. lead, brass) and scintillator materials (crystal or plastic), which is penetrated by a wavelength shifting fiber running perpendicular to the absorber and scintillator tiles.
The absorber has a small interaction length, so that a particle radiates energy in a short track. The scintillator material produces visible light when transversed by the particle's radiated energy. This occurs with an electromagnetic calorimeter, in the form of photons and/or electron+positron pairs. The energy of the particle may be then measured by the intensity of scintillation light produced by the various scintillator slices. An example detector that uses a shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter is the LHCb detector.
This type of calorimeter was likely named after the shashlik, a popular form of shish kebab sold by street vendors in the former Soviet Union, by the Russian and Ukrainian scientists who first proposed it.
References
Calorimetry
Particle physics |
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