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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%20gag%20stem%20loop%203%20%28GSL3%29 | HIV gag stem loop 3 (GSL3) is a secondary structural component of the Retroviral Psi packaging element, also known as the psi recognition element. This domain plays a major role in RNA packaging and is located the 5’ untranslated region of the unspliced HIV-1 genome. GSL3 is known to direct specific packaging of HIV-1 genomic RNA. While deletion of GSL3 leads to decreases in both viral RNA packaging and dimerization, mutagenic studies have shown that it does not eliminate encapsulation of retroviral RNA.
Pharmaceutical Advancements
Interaction with NCp7
RNA encapsulation involves detection of the psi recognition element by the protein NCp7. NCp7 contains two successive zinc fingers which are linked by a stretch of basic residues. Their function is to activate annealing of primer tRNA to the initiation site (where reverse transcription occurs). During this process, GSL3 interacts with NCp7 specifically. Current pharmaceuticals utilized for HIV/AIDS treatment inhibit fundamental processes in the replication cycle of the retrovirus. This interaction is a potential point of inhibition.
Inhibitory Ligands
Inhibitor development remains in an early phase. The challenge of synthesizing a compound with a simple molecular structure and low molecular weight in order to limit side interactions and the existence potentially detrimental stereoisomers requires both a computational and high-throughput approach. 2-((5-nitroquinolin-8-yl)thio)ethanol, a potential lead compound, is shown |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA71 | In molecular biology, U71 belongs to the H/ACA class of Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs). snoRNAs bind a number of proteins (including dyskerin, Gar1p and Nop10p in the case of the H/ACA class) to form snoRNP complexes. This class are thought to guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines by forming direct base pairing interactions with substrate RNAs. Targets may include ribosomal and spliceosomal RNAs but the exact function of many snoRNAs, including U71, is unclear.
References
Further reading
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer%20binding%20site | A primer binding site is a region of a nucleotide sequence where an RNA or DNA single-stranded primer binds to start replication. The primer binding site is on one of the two complementary strands of a double-stranded nucleotide polymer, in the strand which is to be copied, or is within a single-stranded nucleotide polymer sequence.
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the semi-conservative, biological process of two DNA strands copying themselves, resulting in two identical copies of DNA. This process is considered semi-conservative because, after replication, each copy of DNA contains a strand from the original DNA molecule and a strand from the newly-synthesized DNA molecule.
An RNA primer is a short chain of single-stranded RNA, consisting of roughly five to ten nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand. DNA polymerase will then take each nucleotide and make a new complementary DNA strand to the template strand, but only in the 5' to 3' direction. One of the new strands, the leading strand, moves in the 5' to 3' direction until it reaches the replication fork, allowing DNA polymerase to take the RNA primer and make a new complementary DNA strand to the template strand. The lagging strand moves away from the replication fork in the 3' to 5' direction and consists of small fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA polymerase makes the lagging strand by using a new RNA primer for each Okazaki fragment it encounters. Overall, the leading strand only uses one RNA pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA72 | In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNA SNORA72 (also known as U72) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a "guide RNA".
ACA30 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, has the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1 protein. snoRNA ACA72 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of U55 of 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudouridylation is the (isomerisation of the nucleoside uridine) to the different isomeric form pseudouridine.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%20Rev%20response%20element | The HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) is a highly structured, ~350 nucleotide RNA segment present in the Env coding region of unspliced and partially spliced viral mRNAs. In the presence of the HIV-1 accessory protein Rev, HIV-1 mRNAs that contain the RRE can be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for downstream events such as translation and virion packaging.
RRE and HIV-1 biology
Early phase
The HIV-1 genome contains a single promoter and uses multiple reading frames and alternative splicing to encode 15 proteins from a single pre-mRNA species. Transcription from an integrated HIV-1 provirus generates a single 9 kilobase (kb) pre-mRNA containing multiple splice sites and nuclear retention signals. In the early phase of the viral life cycle, this pre-RNA is completely spliced to RRE-free, 2 kb messages. These smaller messages are then transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via standard mRNA nuclear export pathways (see Figure). One of these small, 2kb messages encodes the HIV-1 Rev protein which is imported into the nucleus via its nuclear localization sequence. This phase of the virus life cycle is both Rev and RRE independent.
Late phase
The late phase of the viral life cycle is characterized by the expression of viral proteins that are encoded on the long, unspliced (9kb) or partially spliced (4 kb) messages containing the RRE. Because of their retention and splicing signals, these intron-containing RNAs are initially retained in the nucleus for spl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA73 | In molecular biology, the small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 (also called U17/E1 RNA) belongs to the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Vertebrate U17 is intron-encoded and ranges in length from 200-230 nucleotides, longer than most snoRNAs. It is one of the most abundant snoRNAs in human cells and is essential for the cleavage of pre-rRNA within the 5' external transcribed spacer (ETS). This cleavage leads to the formation of 18S rRNA. Regions of the U17 RNA are complementary to rRNA and act as guides for RNA/RNA interactions, although these regions do not seem to be well conserved between organisms.
There is evidence that SNORA73 (isoforms: SNORA73A and SNORA73B) functions as a regulator of chromatin function. SNORA73 is chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) and stably linked to chromatin. Notably, SNORA73 can bind to PARP1, leading to the activation of its ADPRylation (PAR) function. SNORA73 Interacts with the PARP1 DNA-Binding Domain. In addition, the snoRNA-activated PARP1 ADPRylates DDX21 in cells to promote cell proliferation.
See also
Small nucleolar SNORD12/SNORD106
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%20ribosomal%20frameshift%20signal | HIV ribosomal frameshift signal is a ribosomal frameshift (PRF) that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses to translate several different proteins from the same sequence.
Intact and consistent protein biosynthesis relies on the ability of the ribosome to stay in the correct open reading frame (ORF) during translation. When the ribosome fails to maintain the proper ORF, translation usually results in either incorrect protein synthesis or early termination as a result of the introduction of a premature stop codon. However, a shift in the ORF is not universally deleterious, as many viruses capitalize on this phenomenon by using a programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) to translate several proteins from the same sequence, thereby maximizing the storage capacity of their genome. Thus, many viruses (including HIV-1) are categorized as having a polycistronic genome, meaning they employ multiple active ORF's in a single gene.
The HIV-1 virus requires a programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift signal (the HIV-1 Ribosomal Frameshift Signal) for the expression of the Pol gene, which is an example of a cis-acting element of gene regulation. In HIV-1, the gag ORF that encodes the 55 kDa Gag protein, the major viral structural protein, is located at the 5' end of the full-length viral mRNA. Translation of the 160 kDa Gag-Pol polyprotein is contingent on a -1 ribosomal frameshift event revealing the pol ORF. The pol ORF is located 3' to the gag ORF and encodes the Pol polyprotein, which |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA74 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORA74 (U19) belongs to the H/ACA class of snoRNAs. snoRNAs bind a number of proteins (including dyskerin, Gar1p and Nop10p in the case of the H/ACA class) to form snoRNP complexes. This class is thought to guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines by forming direct base pairing interactions with substrate RNAs. Targets may include ribosomal and spliceosomal RNAs but the exact functions of many snoRNAs, including U19, are not confirmed. Co-precipitation of U19 snoRNA with RNase MRP RNA suggests that U19 may be involved in pre-rRNA processing.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA
Spliceosome
RNA splicing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsp90%20cis-regulatory%20element | The Hsp90 cis regulatory element is an RNA element (RNA thermometer) found in the 5' UTR of the Drosophila hsp90 mRNA. It is required for increased translational efficiency during the heat shock response.
The hsp90 gene product is involved in the Drosophila heat shock response. Translation of the hsp90 mRNA is very inefficient under normal growth temperatures; when heat shock occurs, translation becomes more efficient. This is mediated via this regulatory element.
See also
ROSE element
FourU thermometer
References
External links
Cis-regulatory RNA elements |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA75 | In molecular biology, U23 belongs to the H/ACA class of snoRNAs. snoRNAs bind a number of proteins (including dyskerin, Gar1p and Nop10p in the case of the H/ACA class) to form snoRNP complexes. This class are thought to guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines by forming direct base pairing interactions with substrate RNAs. Targets include ribosomal and spliceosomal RNAs as well as the Trypanosoma spliced leader RNA (SL RNA) as possibly other, still unknown cellular RNAs. U23 can direct the pseudouridylation of U97 in human 18S rRNA. U23 is encoded within intron 12 of the nucleolin gene in human, mouse, rat chicken, and Xenopus laevis.
References
Further reading
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA8 | In molecular biology, SNORA8 (also known as ACA8) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA9 | In molecular biology, SNORA9 (also known as ACA9) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD101 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U101 (also known as SNORD101) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U101 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U101 was identified by computational screening of the introns of ribosomal protein genes for conserved C/D box sequence motifs and expression experimentally verified by northern blotting. snoRNA U101 resides in intron 3 of the ribosomal protein S12. U101 shares the same host gene with C/D box snoRNA HBII-429, and the H/ACA box snoRNA ACA33.
There is currently no predicted methylation target for U101.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD102 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U102 (also known as SNORD102) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U102 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U102 was identified by computational screening of the introns of ribosomal protein genes for conserved C/D box sequence motifs and expression experimentally verified by northern blotting. It is found within intron 2 of the L21 ribosomal protein gene. The H/ACA box snoRNA ACA27 is found in the same host gene within a different intron.
U102 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue G4020.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD103 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U103 (also known as SNORD103) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U103 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U103 was identified by computational screening of the introns of ribosomal protein genes for conserved C/D box sequence motifs and expression experimentally verified by northern blotting.
U103 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue G601. In both the human and mouse genome there are two U103 gene copies (called U103A or SNORD103A and U103B or SNORD103B) located within introns 17 and 21 of the PUM1 gene.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20parechovirus%201%20%28HPeV1%29%20cis%20regulatory%20element%20%28CRE%29 | The Human Parechovirus 1 cis regulatory element is an RNA element which is located in the 5'-terminal 112 nucleotides of the genome of human parechovirus 1 (HPeV1). The element consists of two stem-loop structures (SL-A and SL-B) together with a pseudoknot. Disruption of any of these elements impairs both viral replication and growth.
See also
Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element (CRE)
Rotavirus cis-acting replication element (CRE)
Parechovirus
References
External links
Cis-regulatory RNA elements |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD105 | In molecular biology, U105 belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is encoded in an intron of the Peter pan homolog gene and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of residue U799 of the small 18S rRNA subunit.
References
External links
snoRNABase page for Small nucleolar RNA SNORD105
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD115 | In molecular biology, SNORD115 (also known as HBII-52) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule known as a small nucleolar RNA which usually functions in guiding the modification of other non-coding RNAs. This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. HBII-52 refers to the human gene, whereas RBII-52 is used for the rat gene and MBII-52 is used for naming the mouse gene.
HBII-52 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome, HBII-52 is encoded in a tandemly repeated array with another C/D box snoRNA, HBII-85 (SNORD116), in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) region of chromosome 15. However, a microdeletion in one family of the snoRNA HBII-52 cluster has excluded it from playing a major role in the disease. HBII-52 is found in 47 tandem near identical copies on human chromosome 15q11-13. This locus is maternally imprinted, meaning that only the paternal copy of the locus is transcribed. HBII-52 is exclusively expressed in the brain but is absent in PWS patients. HBII-52 lacks any significant complementarity with ribosomal RNAs, but does have an 18 nucleotide region of conserved complementarity to serotonin 2C receptor mRNA. The serotonin 2C receptor is also expressed in the brain. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD116 | In molecular biology, SNORD116 (also known as HBII-85) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
SNORD116 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome, there are 29 tandemnly repeated copies of SNORD116, followed by 48 copies of another C/D box snoRNA, SNORD115, in the Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) region of chromosome 15. Unlike most other snoRNAs, SNORD116 is expressed prevalently in the brain (but is absent in PWS patients) and lacks any significant complementarity with ribosomal RNA. Mouse models of PWS show similar symptoms to humans (hyperphagia and growth deficiency), providing further evidence that PWS is directly linked to the deletion of SNORD116.
More evidence comes from the discovery of two individuals that share many traits of PWS sufferers, both have atypical microdeletions on chromosome 15q11–13, the intersection of which contains only the SNORD116 snoRNAs.
The targets of SNORD116 are unknown, however a bioinformatic screen located 23 possible targets withi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD15 | In molecular biology, SNORD15 (also known as U15) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs, also a type of ncRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U15 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. U15 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A3764.
In humans there are two closely related copies of the U15 snoRNA (called SNORD15A and SNORD15B). They are both encoded in the introns of the ribosomal protein S3. In Xenopus laevis it is located within the introns of ribosomal protein S1
snoR75 from Arabidopsis thaliana and homologues in rice Oryza sativa and other plants are alternatively known as U15, and, despite a significantly shorter sequence length, appear to be related.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD16 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U16 (also known as SNORD16) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U16 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U16 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A484 and is encoded within an intron of the gene for ribosomal proteins L1 in animals. This snoRNA was independently named MBII-98 in mouse.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD17 | In molecular biology, SNORD17 (also known as HBI-43) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
HBI-43 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA is the human orthologue of mouse HBI-43. HBII-43 is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 28s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at position U3797. This residue (U3797) is also predicted to be pseudouridylated (the uridine residue is converted to pseudouridine) by the H/ACA box snoRNA ACA48.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD18 | In molecular biology, SNORD18 (also known as U18) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U18 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In humans and Xenopus laevis there are three closely related copies of U18 (called U18A, U18B, U18C) which are encoded in introns of ribosomal protein L1. In yeast U18 is located in the introns of Elongation Factor 1 beta (EF1-beta). Related snoRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice Oryza sativa have been named R63 and Z106 respectively. Factors involved in the processing of the intronic snoRNA have recently been elucidated.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD19 | In molecular biology, SNORD19 (also known as HBII-108) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
SNORD19 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
HBII-108 is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-108 and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 18S, on position G683.
In the human genome snoRNA HBII-108 is located in the introns of the gene nucleostemin (NS), along with another snoRNA HBII-210.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD20 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U20 (also known as SNORD20) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U20 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U20 is encoded in intron 11 of the nucleolin gene in human, mouse and rat. It is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U1804.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD21 | In molecular biology, U21 is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U21 is encoded within an intron of the gene for ribosomal protein L5 in mammals, but within introns of the ADP ribosylation factor gene in Drosophila. U21 snoRNA has a 13 nucleotide region of complementarity with an invariant region of eukaryotic 28S ribosomal RNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20rhinovirus%20internal%20cis-acting%20regulatory%20element | Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element (CRE) is
a CRE from the human rhinoviruses. The CRE is located within the genome segment encoding the capsid proteins so is found in a protein coding region. The element is essential for efficient viral replication and it has been suggested that the CRE is required for initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis.
See also
Human parechovirus 1 (HPeV1) cis regulatory element (CRE)
Rotavirus cis-acting replication element (CRE)
References
External links
Cis-regulatory RNA elements
Enteroviruses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD22 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U22 (also known as SNORD22) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U22 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome snoRNA U22 is encoded along with seven other snoRNAs within the introns of the same gene (called UHG for U22 host gene) in mammals. U22 has also been identified in the amphibian Xenopus laevis U22 is predicted to guide the 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD24 | In molecular biology, U24 is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. C/D box snoRNAs have been shown to act as methylation guides for a number of RNA targets. U24 is encoded within an intron of the gene for ribosomal protein L7a in mammals, chicken and Fugu. The U76/SNORD76 snoRNA is found in an intron of the uRNA host gene (UHG) growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) transcript gene. snoRNAs Z20 and U76 snoRNAs show clear similarity to U24.
An experiment that looked at 22 different non-small-cell lung cancer tissues found that SNORD33, SNORD66 and SNORD76 were over-expressed relative to matched noncancerous lung tissues.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD25 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U25 (also known as SNORD25) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U25 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U25 is found in gene clusters in plants and within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals. U25 is thought to as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA. This RNA has also been named snoRNA R73 in some plants.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD26 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD26 (U26) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U26 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD27 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD27 (also known as U27 in mammals and snR74 in fungi) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U27 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA. This family also contains several related snoRNAs from yeast and plants.
References
External links
UMASS Yeast snoRNA page for snR74
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20H.%20Ring | Douglas H. Ring (March 28, 1907 in Montana – September 8, 2000 in Red Bank, New Jersey) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began on December 11, 1947 with an internal memo written by Douglas H. Ring in which he proposed development of a cellular telephone system by AT&T.
Although Martin Cooper of Motorola is considered the inventor of the first handheld cellular telephone and the first person to demonstrate to reporters a handheld cell phone call, Cooper's April 1973 call used cellular telephone technology invented and developed by Bell Labs engineers.
See also
History of mobile phones
W. Rae Young
Amos E. Joel, Jr.
References
Patents of Douglas H. Ring
-- Volume Control Circuits, filed May 26, 1934
-- Oscillation Generator, filed Apr 22, 1938
-- Multiple Unit Steerable Antenna System, filed July 14, 1939
-- Frequency Adjustment of Resonant Cavities, filed Sep 3, 1941
-- Microwave Coupling System, filed Mar 26, 1942
-- Microwave Transmission System, filed Dec 23, 1942
-- Guided Wave Frequency Range, filed Dec 30, 1948
-- Reduction of Phase Distortion, filed Aug 20, 1949
-- Microwave Frequency Structure Using Hybrid Junctions, filed Mar 6, 1951
-- Reduction of Phase Distortion, filed Sep 21, 1951
-- Frequency Stabilized Oscillator, filed Oct 1, 1953
-- High Speed Microwave Switching Networks, filed May 31, 1960
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1947 memo by Douglas H. Ring proposing hexagonal c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD28 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD28 (U28) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U28 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD29 | In molecular biology, SNORD29 (also known as U29) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U29 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In humans U29 and several other snoRNAs (U22 and U25-U31) are located in the introns of the same gene (called UHG for U22 host gene). U29 is proposed to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A4493.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD30 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD30 (U30) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U30 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD31 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD31 (U31) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U31 is encoded within the U22 snoRNA host gene (UHG) in mammals and is thought to act as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide for ribosomal RNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD32 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U32 (also known as SNORD32) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U32 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U32 is encoded within intron 2 of the ribosomal protein L13 gene in human and mouse and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of both 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue G1328 and 28S rRNA residue A1511. U32A share the same host gene with the C/D box snoRNAs U33, U34 and U35A (RPL13A).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD34 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U34 (also known as SNORD34) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U34 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U34 was initially characterised by a computational screen and in the human genome is encoded within intron 5 of the gene for ribosomal protein L13a. U34 is predicted to guide site-specific 2'-O-methylation of 25S rRNAs. Unusually for a snoRNA although the selection of the target nucleotide requires the antisense element and the conserved box D or D' of the snoRNA, in the case of U34 snoRNP the methyltransferase activity is thought to reside in one of the protein components. U34 snoRNA has homologues in mouse, Arabidopsis (annotated as snoR4) and in several copies in rice (alternatively named snoZ181).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD35 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U35 (also known as SNORD35) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U35 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U35 is encoded in intron 6 of ribosomal protein L13A and intron 3 of ribosomal protein S11 in humans and at homologous positions in mouse and chicken ribosomal protein genes. U35 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue C4506.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD36 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U36 (also known as SNORD36) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U36 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U36 is encoded within the intron of ribosomal protein rpL7a, and has two regions of complementarity to 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA. This complementarity suggests that U36 acts as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide. This snoRNA is also related to other snoRNAs (snoR47 and Z100) identified in the rice plant Oryza sativa.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD37 | In molecular biology, SNORD37 (also known as U37) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U37 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the C/D box family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA was originally identified by computational screening of vertebrate genomes for conserved C/D box motifs within intronic regions and expression experimentally verified by northern blotting.
The mouse orthologue was identified.
SNORD37 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of the 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue A3697.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD38 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U38 (also known as SNORD38) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U38 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U38 is located in introns 4 and 5 of ribosomal protein S8 in human and in the homologous genes in mouse and cow.
U38 is predicted to guides the methylation of 2'-O-ribose residues in 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
The mouse homologue of U38 (MBII-329) has also been identified.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD39 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U39 (also known as SNORD39) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U39 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U39 was cloned from HeLa cells and also independently characterised by bioinformatics prediction (and called U55 also known as SNORD55).
U39/U55 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) C2791.
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Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD41 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U41 (also known as SNORD41) belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs. It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S rRNA on residue U4276.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD42 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U42 (also known as SNORD42) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U42 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA).
Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome there are two closely related copies of U42 (called U42A and U42B) both located within the introns of the ribosomal protein L23a (RPL23a) gene.
Both snoRNAs are predicted to guide the site specific 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U116.
The mouse orthologue (MBII-287) has also been identified.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD43 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U43 (also known as SNORD43) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U43 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U43 is encoded in intron 1 of the ribosomal protein L3 gene in human and cow. Three other snoRNAs ( U82, U83a and U83b) are also encoded in the same host gene but from different introns. The Arabidopsis thaliana homologue is called snoR41 in the public sequence databases (Genbank). The rice homologue is expressed from a cluster also containing snoR16.
U43 is hypothesised to guide methylation of 2'-O-ribose residues on 18S ribosomal RNA.
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Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD44 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U44 (also known as SNORD44) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U44 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U44 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and expression verified by northern blotting. It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) at residue A166. In the human genome, U44 is located in the same gene as several other C/D box snoRNAs (U47, U74, U75, U76, U77, U78, U79, U80 and U81).
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD45 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U45 (also known as SNORD45) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U45 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U45 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and expression verified by northern blotting. It is related to the snoRNA (MBII-401) identified in mouse
In the human genome there are three very closely related copies of snoRNA U45 (called U45A, U45B, U45C) located within the introns of the same host gene.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD46 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U46 (also known as SNORD46) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U46 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U46 is encoded in intron 2 of the ribosomal protein S8 gene in human, and is hypothesised to guide methylation of 2'-O-ribose residues on 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The homologue of this snoRNA in Arabidopsis thaliana is called snoZ153. Some human U40 sequences have been annotated in the sequence databases (Genbank) as U46.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD47 | In molecular biology, SNORD47 (also known as U47) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U57 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA was originally cloned from HeLa cells and expression verified by northern blotting.
It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 28S at residue C3866.
The mouse orthologue was also cloned
This snoRNA is encoded in the introns of the same genes as other C/D box snoRNAs U44, U74, U75, U76, U77, U78, U79, U80 and U81.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD48 | In molecular biology, SNORD48 (also known as U48) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U48 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA was originally cloned from HeLa cells and experimentally verified by northern blotting. SNORD48 is predicted to guide the
2'O-ribose methylation of 28S rRNA C2279. In the human genome this snoRNA is located in the introns of the same host gene (C6orf48) as another C/D box snoRNA U52 (also known as SNORD52).
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD49 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U49 (also known as SNORD49) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U49 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U49 was identified by cloning from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue C4426. In the human genome there are two related copies of U45 (called U45A and U45B) which are encoded in the introns of the same host gene (MGC40157).
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD50 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U50 (also known as SNORD50) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U50 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U50 is an intronic snoRNA gene located on chromosome 6q15, at the breakpoint of chromosomal translocation t(3;6)(q27;q15). The U50HG gene is composed of six exons, whose spliced transcripts have little potential for coding a protein, and its introns produce both U50 and U50-like (U50') snoRNAs that are localised in nucleoli. There is evidence that the U50 paralogues form a novel family of genes controlling oncogenesis and sensitivity to therapy in cancer.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD51 | In molecular biology, SNORD51 (also known as U51) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U51 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA was originally cloned from HeLa cells and expression verified by northern blotting.
It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 28S residue A1511.
In the human genome it is located in the introns of the same gene as the H/ACA box snoRNA ACA41.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD52 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U52 (also known as SNORD52) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U52 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U52 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U3904. U52 and the C/D box snoRNA U48 are encoded in the introns of the same host gene (C6orf48).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD53 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U53 (also known as SNORD53) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U53 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U53 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue C3848.
It is related to mouse snoRNA MBII-35
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD54 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD54 (also known as U54) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA SNORD54 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA SNORD54 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD56 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U56 (also known as SNORD56) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U56 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U56 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue C517.
In the human genome U56 is encoded in the introns of the same host gene as several other snoRNAs (C/D box snoRNAs U57, U86 and HBII-55, and the H/ACA box snoRNA ACA51).
This host gene encodes Nucleolar Protein 5A (NOL5A).
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Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD57 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U57 (also known as SNORD57) is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs. This family functions to direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This snoRNA was originally cloned from human HeLa cells during a screen for intron encoded snoRNAs. It is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue A99 3
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD58 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U58 (also known as SNORD58) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U57 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome there are two closely related copies of U85 (called U58A and U58B). They are both encoded in the introns of the ribosomal protein RPL17 gene. Both snoRNAs are predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit on residue G4198.
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Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD59 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U59 is an RNA molecule that belongs to the C/D class of snoRNA, which contain the C box motif (UGAUGA) and the D box motif (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. There are two closely related copies of U59, called SNORD59A and SNORD59B. They are both expressed from the intron of the host gene ATP5A. Both SNORD59A and SNORD59B target the 2'-O-methylation of 18S rRNA position A1031. This RNA has been identified in both the human and mouse genomes. Not to be confused with the plant snoRNA U59.
References
External links
U59A entry in snoRNABase
U59B entry in snoRNABase
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD60 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD60 (also known as U60) is a non-coding RNA that belongs to the C/D class of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD61 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U61 (also known as SNORD61) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U61 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U61 snoRNA was cloned from HeLa cells and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue U1442.
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External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD62 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U62 (also known as SNORD62) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U62 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
In the human genome there are two identical copies of snoRNA U62 (called U62A and U62B) both of which are located within the introns of the same host gene which encodes a hypothetical protein (KIAA0515).
U62 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A590.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD63 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U63 (also known as SNORD63) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U63 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U63 was purified from HeLa cells by immunoprecipitation with antifibrillarin antibody. It is predicted to guide the 2'-O-ribose methylation of 28s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue A4531.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD64 | In molecular biology, SNORD64 (also known as HBII-13) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
SNORD64 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA HBII-13 is expressed mainly in the tissues of brain, but is also in the lungs, the kidneys and muscle; however HBII-13 has no identified target RNA.
The HBII-13 gene is located in a 460 kb intron of the large paternally-expressed transcription unit (SNURF-SNRNP-UBE3A AS) along with several other snoRNAs HBII-436, HBII-437, HBII-438A/B and the clusters of HBII-85, HBII-52. This host gene is an antisense transcript to maternally expressed UBE3A gene.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD65 | In molecular biology, SNORD65 (also known as HBII-135) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. SNORD19 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
SNORD65 is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-135 snoRNA and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 18S, on position U627.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD66 | In molecular biology, SNORD66 (also known as HBII-142) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
HBII-142 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
HBII-142 is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-142 snoRNA and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue C1272.
An experiment that looked at 22 different non-small-cell lung cancer tissues found that SNORD33, SNORD66 and SNORD76 were over-expressed relative to matched noncancerous lung tissues.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD67 | In molecular biology, SNORD67 (also known as HBII-166) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
HBII-166 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA HBII-166 is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-166 and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of spliceosomal RNA U6 at residue C60.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA
Spliceosome
RNA splicing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD69 | In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-210 belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-210 and is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of large 28S rRNA on residue G4464.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD70 | In molecular biology, snoRNA SNORD70 (HBII-234) is a non-coding RNA that belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs.
It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-234 and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the small 18S rRNA on position A512.
It is hosted, together with HBII-95, by the core C/D box snoRNA protein encoding gene NOP5/NOP58.
References
External links
Entry in HGNC database
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD71 | In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-239 belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-239 described and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of 5.8S rRNA on residue U14.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD72 | In molecular biology, SNORD72 (also known as HBII-240) belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs.
It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-240 and is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S rRNA at residue U4590.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD73 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U73 (also known as SNORD73) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U73 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U73 is encoded within the introns of ribosomal protein S3a and contains a 12 nucleotide region of complementarity to a conserved sequence in 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). U73 has been demonstrated to function as a 2'-O-ribose methylation guide RNA for pre-28S rRNA.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD77 | In molecular biology, SNORD77 (also known as U77) belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of large 28S rRNA subunit at position A1521.
The C/D snoRNAs U44, U47, U74, U75, U76, U78, U79, U80 and U81 share the same host gene as U77 (non-coding).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD78 | In molecular biology, SNORD78 (also known as U78) belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is predicted to guide 2'O-ribose methylation of the large 28S rRNA subunit at position G4593.
The snoRNAs U44, U47, U74, U75, U76, U77, U79, U80 and U81, also of the C/D family, share the same host gene with U78 (protein non-coding).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD79 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U79 (also known as SNORD79 or Z22) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
U79 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U79 is found in intron 7 of the GAS5 gene in humans and is also present in mice.
U79 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A3809.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD81 | In molecular biology, U81 (also sometimes called Z23 snoRNA) is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. U81 acts as a guanine methylation guide and is found in intron 11 of the gas5 gene in mammals.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD82 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U82 (also known as SNORD82 or Z25) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U82/Z25 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA U82 has been identified in both humans and mice: it is located in the fifth intron of the nucleolin gene in both species. Two additional snoRNAs (C/D box snoRNA U20 and the H/ACA snoRNA U23 ) are also encoded within the introns of the nucleolin gene.
U82 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residue A1678.
Another, different snoRNA, named U82 has been predicted in the introns of L3 ribosomal protein gene (RPL3) in humans and cows. However, the expression of this snoRNA could not be confirmed by northern blotting or Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and it should not be confused with this snoRNA located in the nucleolin gene.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD83 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD83 (also known as U83 and U84) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA SNORD83 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA SNORD83 are spliced from introns 5 and 4 of the BAT1 gene in mammals.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD86 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORD86 (also known as U86) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. It is the human orthologue of Xenopus laevis U86 and has no identified RNA target. The snoRNAs U86, U56, U57 and HBII-55,of the C/D family, and the H/ACA box snoRNA ACA51 share the same host gene (NOL5A) with U86.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD87 | In molecular biology, SNORD87 (also known as U87) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryote cell which is a major site of snRNA bio genesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U87 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U87 was identified by purification from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and is the orthologue of mouse MBII-276
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD89 | In molecular biology, snoRNA HBII-289 belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs.
It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-289 and has no identified RNA target.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD90 | In molecular biology, snoRNA SNORD90 (HBII-295) is a non-coding RNA that belongs to the family of C/D snoRNAs. Initially described as HBII-295 this RNA has now been called SNORD70 by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. It is the human orthologue of the mouse MBII-295 and has no identified RNA target. This RNA is expressed from an intron of the MNAB/OR1K1 gene.
There is evidence that SNORD90 is involved in guiding N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications onto target RNA transcripts. Specifically, SNORD90 has been shown to increase m6A levels on neuregulin 3 (NRG3) leading to its down-regulation through recognition by YTHDF2.
References
External links
HGNC database entry
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORD95 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U95 (also known as SNORD95 or Z38) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U95 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U95 was identified by computational screening of the introns of ribosomal protein genes for conserved C/D box sequence motifs and expression experimentally verified by northern blotting.
U95 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residues A2802 and C2811.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR48 | In molecular biology, the snoRNA snR48 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snR48 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snR48 was identified in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by computational screening of the yeast genome. This snoRNA is predicted to guide the 2'O ribosose methylation of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) residues Gm2788 and Gm2790.
References
External links
yeast snoRNA database entry for snR48
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR53 | In molecular biology,snoRNA snR53 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR53 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR53 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
References
External links
Link to snR53 at the FournierLab/snoRNAdb.
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR54 | In molecular biology, snR54 is a non-coding RNA that is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C box motif (UGAUGA) and D box motif (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. This snoRNA was first identified by a computational screen followed by experimental verification. This RNA guides the 2'-O-methylation of 18S rRNA. In yeast this snoRNA is found to reside in an intron of the IMD4 gene.
Species distribution
This snoRNA has been identified in both yeasts and Drosophila melanogaster.
References
External links
Entry for snR54 in the UMASS Amherst Yeast snoRNA database
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR57 | In molecular biology, snoRNA snR57 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR57 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR57 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
References
External links
Link to snR57 at the FournierLab/snoRNAdb.
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR64 | In molecular biology, snR64 is an RNA molecule belonging to the C/D class of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Similar to most members of the box C/D family, snR64 is conjectured to help direct site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR66 | snoRNA snR66 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR66 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR66 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
References
External links
Link to snR66 at the FournierLab's snoRNAdb.
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR69 | In molecular biology, snoRNA snR69 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR69 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR69 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
References
External links
Link to snR69 at the FournierLab/snoRNAdb.
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snR71 | In molecular biology, snoRNA snR71 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA snR71 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA snR71 was initially discovered using a computational screen of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
References
External links
Link to snR71 at the FournierLab's snoRNAdb.
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20TBR17 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA TBR17 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA TBR17 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
TBR17 was one of seventeen snoRNAs identified in Trypanosoma brucei by immunoprecipitation with anti-fibrillarin antibodies. Together with TBR5 and TBR7 it is a part of a tandemly repeated snoRNA gene cluster, located within the spliced leader RNA (SLA). The cluster genes are produced as polycistronic RNAs.
See also
Small nucleolar RNA TBR2
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20TBR5 | In molecular biology, TBR5 is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Together with TBR7 and TBR17 it is a part of a tandemly repeated snoRNA gene cluster, located within the spliced leader RNA (SLA). The cluster genes are produced as polycistronic RNA.
See also
Small nucleolar RNA TBR2
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20TBR7 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA TBR7 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in Trypanosoma brucei which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA TBR7 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
TBR7 was one of seventeen snoRNAs identified in Trypanosoma brucei by immunoprecipitation with anti-fibrillarin antibodies. It is predicted to guide the 2'O ribosome methylation of 18s ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Together with TBR5 and TBR17 it is a part of a tandemly repeated snoRNA gene cluster, located within the spliced leader RNA (SLA). The cluster genes are produced as polycistronic RNA.
See also
Small nucleolar RNA TBR2
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20U2-19 | In molecular biology, the Small nucleolar RNA U2-19 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U2-19 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. snoRNA U2-19 directs 2'-O-methylation of U2 spliceosomal RNA G-19.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20U2-30 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA U2-30 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U2-30 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. snoRNA U2-30 directs 2'-O-methylation of U2 spliceosomal RNA A-30.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20U83B | In molecular biology, U83B belongs to the C/D family of snoRNAs. U83B like U83A has no documented RNA target and they share the same host gene with the C/D box snoRNA U43 (RPL3).
N.B. U83A/B/C have no sequence similarity with the U83 snoRNA that was cloned by Jady and Kiss (2000).
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
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