source stringlengths 32 209 | text stringlengths 18 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-VSB | A-VSB or Advanced VSB is a modification of the 8VSB modulation system used for transmission of digital television using the ATSC system. One of the constraints of conventional ATSC transmission is that reliable reception is difficult or impossible when the receiver is moving at speeds associated with normal vehicular traffic. The technology was jointly developed by Samsung and Rohde & Schwarz.
A-VSB builds on the existing ATSC transmission standard to enhance DTV receivers’ ability to receive the main MPEG transport stream in dynamic environments. The system enables broadcasters to include multiple streams with additional error correction and time diversity encoding for enhanced reception. In addition, A-VSB facilitates synchronization of multiple transmission towers, which should improve coverage with higher uniform signal strength throughout a service area, even in locations that normally would be shielded by obstacles such as hills or buildings.
A-VSB incorporates three new elements: a Supplementary Reference Signal (SRS), a Scalable Turbo Stream (STS), and support for Single Frequency Networks (SFN).
Supplementary Reference Signal
A-VSB receivers utilize the SRS in order to remain synchronized with the transmission. This helps maintain reception of the main stream and any turbo streams even with rapidly changing multipath interference, such as when the signal is reflected from moving objects near the receiver or when the receiver itself is moving.
The SRS adds an a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Important%20ecological%20areas | Important ecological areas (IEAs) are habitat areas which, either by themselves or in a network, contribute significantly to an ecosystem’s productivity, biodiversity, and resilience. Appropriate management of key ecological features delineates the management boundaries of an IEA. The identification and protection of IEAs is an element of an ecosystem-based management approach.
Important ecological areas may have varying levels of management of extractive activities, from monitoring up to and including marine reserve. IEAs have management measures tailored to the ecological features within the area with consideration of socioeconomic factors. Whereas marine reserves generally have a fixed management policy of no extraction or ‘no-take’. Nonetheless, a marine reserve may be the appropriate management policy for an IEA.
The identification and management of IEAs is a form of ocean zoning. In the event that there are a series of linked IEAs within a large marine ecosystem, a collective action to manage the network, such as a marine sanctuary or national monument, may be warranted.
Examples are tropical rainforests, oceans, forests, etc.
References
Ecology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau%20Ausone | Château Ausone is a Bordeaux wine from Saint-Émilion appellation, previously ranked Premier Grand Cru Classé (A) in the Classification of Saint-Émilion wine but does not hold this rank after the 2022 reclassification. The winery is located on the Right Bank of France's Bordeaux wine region in the Gironde department, close to the town of Saint-Émilion.
The winery also produces a second wine named Chapelle d'Ausone.
History
Placed on the western edge of 11th century village Saint-Émilion, with elevated vineyards facing south on steep terraces in ideal situation, Ausone takes its name from Decimius Magnus Ausonius (310–395 AD), a statesman and poet from Bordeaux who owned about of vineyard. It is believed by some that Château Ausone is on the foundations of his villa.
The modern estate can be dated to the 18th century, when it was owned by Jean Cantenat. Later, under the ownership of the Lafargue family, the vineyard was inherited by Edouard Dubois who steered the château through the difficulties of the late 19th century, and in 1916 added the adjacent Château Belair to their estate. The chateaux were run separately, although both age their wine in the Ausone cellars, caves in the limestone cliffs beneath the town of Saint-Émilion. After Dubois died in 1921, his widow Hélyette Dubois-Challon and Dubois' children of a previous marriage who married into the Vauthier family took control over the estate.
Ausone was one of a few estates which escaped the terrible frost of 1956 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble%20guanylyl%20cyclase | Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the only known receptor for nitric oxide, NO. It is soluble, i.e. completely intracellular. Most notably, this enzyme is involved in vasodilation. In humans, it is encoded by the genes GUCY1A2, GUCY1A3, GUCY1B2 and GUCY1B3.
It is classified under EC number 4.6.1.2.
Structure
sGC is a heterodimer composed of one alpha (1, 2) and one heme-binding beta (1, 2) subunits. Each subunit consists of four domains: an N-terminal HNOX domain, a PAS-like domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The mammalian enzyme contains one heme per dimer, with a proximal histidine ligand located in the HNOX domain of the beta 1 subunit. In its Fe(II) form, this heme moiety is the target of nitric oxide, which is synthesized by endothelial cells following appropriate stimulation. Binding of nitric oxide to the heme results in activation of the C-terminal catalytic domain, which produces cGMP from GTP.
The HNOX (Heme Nitric oxide/OXygen binding) domain of the beta subunit of sGC contains the prosthetic heme group, and is part of a family of related sensor proteins found throughout a wide range of organisms. The HNOX domain uses the bound heme to sense gaseous ligands such as nitric oxide, oxygen, and/or possibly carbon monoxide. While the HNOX domain of sGC has no available structure, several bacterial HNOX domains have been crystallized (pdb codes 1U55, 1XBN, 2O09 and others).
sGC also contains a PAS type regulatory domain. Named after |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon%20alpha-n3 | Interferon alpha-n3 (Alferon-N) is a medication consisting of purified natural human interferon alpha proteins used for the treatment of genital warts.
References
Immunostimulants
Antiviral drugs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20AFL%20debuts%20in%202007 | This is a listing of Australian rules footballers who made their debut with a club during the 2007 Australian Football League season.
References
Australian rules football records and statistics
Australian rules football-related lists
2007 in Australian rules football
2007 Australian Football League season |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin-modifying%20enzyme | Lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) are various types of enzymes produced by fungi and bacteria that catalyze the breakdown of lignin, a biopolymer commonly found in the cell walls of plants. The terms ligninases and lignases are older names for the same class, but the name "lignin-modifying enzymes" is now preferred, given that these enzymes are not hydrolytic but rather oxidative (electron withdrawing) by their enzymatic mechanisms. LMEs include peroxidases, such as lignin peroxidase (), manganese peroxidase (), versatile peroxidase (), and many phenoloxidases of the laccase type.
LMEs have been known to be produced by many species of white rot basidiomycetous fungi, including: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, Phlebia radiata, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii.
LMEs are produced not only by wood-white rotting fungi but also by litter-decomposing basidiomycetous fungi such as Agaricus bisporus (common button mushroom), and many Coprinus and Agrocybe species. The brown-rot fungi, which are able to colonize wood by degrading cellulose, are only able to partially degrade lignin.
Some bacteria also produce LMEs, although fungal LMEs are more efficient in lignin degradation. Fungi are thought to be the most substantial contributors to lignin degradation in natural systems.
LMEs and cellulases are crucial to ecologic cycles (for example, growth/death/decay/regrowth, the carbon cycle, and soil health) because they allow plant ti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Drew%3A%20Legend%20of%20the%20Crystal%20Skull | Nancy Drew: Legend of the Crystal Skull is the 17th installment in the Nancy Drew point-and-click adventure game series by Her Interactive. It is available for play on Microsoft Windows platforms. It has an ESRB rating of E for moments of mild violence and peril. Players take on the first-person view of fictional amateur sleuth Nancy Drew and must solve the mystery through interrogation of suspects, solving puzzles, and discovering clues. There are two levels of gameplay, Junior and Senior detective modes, each offering a different difficulty level of puzzles and hints, however neither of these changes affect the actual plot of the game. The game is loosely based on a book entitled The Mardi Gras Mystery (1988).
Plot
Nancy Drew goes on vacation to New Orleans with her best friend, Bess Marvin. As a favor, she stops to check in on Ned Nickerson's friend, Henry Bolet. Henry's last living family member, his Great Uncle Bruno, recently died and left him responsible for settling the estate. As soon as Nancy arrives, she is knocked out by someone wearing a skeleton costume, and she soon discovers that Bruno was the proud owner of the "Whisperer", a crystal skull rumored to protect its holder from almost any cause of death except murder. When Bruno died, it was not found among the clutter of the Bolet manor. Nancy teams up with Bess to find the mystical artifact before it falls into the wrong hands.
Development
Characters
Nancy Drew - Nancy is an 18-year-old amateur detective fro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethe%E2%80%93Salpeter%20equation | The Bethe–Salpeter equation (named after Hans Bethe and Edwin Salpeter) describes the bound states of a two-body (particles) quantum field theoretical system in a relativistically covariant formalism. The equation was first published in 1950 at the end of a paper by Yoichiro Nambu, but without derivation.
Due to its generality and its application in many branches of theoretical physics, the Bethe–Salpeter equation appears in many different forms. One form, that is quite often used in high energy physics is
where Γ is the Bethe–Salpeter amplitude, K the interaction and S the propagators of the two participating particles.
In quantum theory, bound states are objects with lifetimes that are much longer than the time-scale of the interaction ruling their structure (otherwise they are called resonances). Thus the constituents interact essentially infinitely many times. By summing up, infinitely many times, all possible interactions that can occur between the two constituents, the Bethe–Salpeter equation is a tool to calculate properties of bound states. Its solution, the Bethe–Salpeter amplitude, is a description of the bound state under consideration.
As it can be derived via identifying bound-states with poles in the S-matrix, it can be connected to the quantum theoretical description of scattering processes and Green's functions.
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a general quantum field theoretical tool, thus applications for it can be found in any quantum field theory. Some |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabroud | Yabroud or Yabrud () is a city in Syria, located in the Rif Dimashq (i.e. Damascus' countryside) governorate about north of the capital Damascus. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Yabroud had a population of 25,891 in the 2004 census.
Etymology
The name Yabroud is said to have originated from an Aramaic word meaning "cold"; the city rests upon the Qalamoun Mountains slopes (Anti-Lebanon) at a height of 1,550 m.
History
The city is known for its ancient caves, most notably the Iskafta cave (where, in 1930, a thirty-year-old German traveller and self-taught archeologist Alfred Rust made many important pre-historical findings), which dates back to a period known as Jabroudian culture, named after Yabroud; and the Yabroud temple, which was once Jupiter Yabroudiss temple but later became "Konstantin and Helena Cathedral". Yabroud is home of the oldest church in Syria. The Natufian archeological site Yabroud III is named for the town of Yabroud.
Yabroud was mentioned in the pottery tablets of Mesopotamia in the 1st century B.C., and Ptolemy's writings in the 2nd century A.D.
In 1838, its inhabitants were Sunni Muslim, Melkite Catholic and Greek Orthodox Christians.
During the Syrian Civil War the city was the center of the Battle of Yabroud in March 2014.
Notable people
The parents of former President of Argentina Carlos Menem were both born in Yabroud; they emigrated to Argentina before the end of World War I.
Antun Maqdisi (1914–2005), a Syrian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AAnis%20Marques | Dênis Marques do Nascimento or simply Dênis Marques (born February 22, 1981), is a retired Brazilian football striker.
Club statistics
Flamengo career statistics
(Correct )
according to combined sources on the Flamengo official website.
Santa Cruz career statistics
Honours
Individual
Brazilian Cup Top Scorer: 2007
Club
Atlético Paranaense
Paraná State League: 2005
Flamengo
Brazilian Série A: 2009
Santa Cruz
Pernambuco State League: 2012, 2013
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 2013
References
External links
CBF
furacao
rubronegro
atleticopr
ipcdigital
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Maceió
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
CR Flamengo footballers
Santa Cruz Futebol Clube players
ABC Futebol Clube players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
J1 League players
Omiya Ardija players
Men's association football forwards
Kuwait SC players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy%20strand | Circular molecules of DNA, such as plasmids and typical mitochondrial genomes, consist of two strands of DNA called the heavy strand (or H-strand) and the light strand (or L-strand). The two strands have different masses due to different proportions of heavier nucleotides. While this difference is not known to have any functional significance, it can be used in the laboratory to segregate the strands of denatured DNA, and hence to analyze the strands separately.
Adenine and guanine (purines) are heavier than cytosine and thymine (pyrimidines) due to their extra ring. Because a purine always pairs with a pyrimidine, any excess of purines in one strand will occur with a corresponding excess of pyrimidines in the other strand and vice versa. Statistically, there is more likely to be such an imbalance than an exact 50/50 ratio. In addition, bias may arise due to differentials in the amount of protein-coding sequence on each strand, as codons do not all occur with equal frequency.
References
DNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talin%20%28protein%29 | Talin is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts. Discovered in 1983 by Keith Burridge and colleagues, talin is a ubiquitous cytosolic protein that is found in high concentrations in focal adhesions. It is capable of linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton either directly or indirectly by interacting with vinculin and α-actinin.
Also, talin-1 drives extravasation mechanism through engineered human microvasculature in microfluidic systems. Talin-1 is involved in each part of extravasation affecting adhesion, trans-endothelial migration and the invasion stages.
Integrin receptors are involved in the attachment of adherent cells to the extracellular matrix and of lymphocytes to other cells. In these situations, talin codistributes with concentrations of integrins in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, in vitro binding studies suggest that integrins bind to talin, although with low affinity. Talin also binds with high affinity to vinculin, another cytoskeletal protein concentrated at points of cell adhesion. Finally, talin is a substrate for the calcium-ion activated protease, calpain II, which is also concentrated at points of cell–substratum contact.
Talin is a mechanosensitive protein. Its mechanical vulnerability and cellular position bridging integrin receptors and the actin cytoskeleton make it a fundamental protein in mechanotransduction. Mechanical stretching of talin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RET%20proto-oncogene | The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of extracellular signalling molecules.
RET loss of function mutations are associated with the development of Hirschsprung's disease, while gain of function mutations are associated with the development of various types of human cancer, including medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2A and 2B, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia.
Structure
RET is an abbreviation for "rearranged during transfection", as the DNA sequence of this gene was originally found to be rearranged within a 3T3 fibroblast cell line following its transfection with DNA taken from human lymphoma cells.
The human gene RET is localized to chromosome 10 (10q11.2) and contains 21 exons.
The natural alternative splicing of the RET gene results in the production of 3 different isoforms of the protein RET. RET51, RET43 and RET9 contain 51, 43 and 9 amino acids in their C-terminal tail respectively. The biological roles of isoforms RET51 and RET9 are the most well studied in-vivo as these are the most common isoforms in which RET occurs.
Common to each isoform is a domain structure. Each protein is divided into three domains: an N-terminal extracellular domain with four cadherin-like repeats and a cysteine-rich region, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain, which is split by an insertion of 27 amino acids. W |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20mutation | A polar mutation affects expression of downstream genes or operons. It can also affect the expression of the gene in which it occurs, if it occurs in a transcribed region. These mutations tend to occur early within the sequence of genes and can be nonsense, frameshift, or insertion mutations. Polar mutations are found only in organisms containing polycistronic mRNA.
References
External links
"Higher Ed" - Mcgraw Hill
"Polar mutations in membrane proteins as a biophysical basis for disease" - InterScience
"Dictionary of medicine: French-English with English-French glossary" - Google Books
"Understanding Bacteria" - Google Books
Mutation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20element%20method | In the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a topic in mathematics, the spectral element method (SEM) is a formulation of the finite element method (FEM) that uses high degree piecewise polynomials as basis functions. The spectral element method was introduced in a 1984 paper by A. T. Patera. Although Patera is credited with development of the method, his work was a rediscovery of an existing method (see Development History)
Discussion
The spectral method expands the solution in trigonometric series, a chief advantage being that the resulting method is of a very high order.
This approach relies on the fact that trigonometric polynomials are an orthonormal basis for .
The spectral element method chooses instead a high degree piecewise polynomial basis functions, also achieving a very high order of accuracy.
Such polynomials are usually orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials or very high order Lagrange polynomials over non-uniformly spaced nodes.
In SEM computational error decreases exponentially as the order of approximating polynomial increases, therefore a fast convergence of solution to the exact solution is realized with fewer degrees of freedom of the structure in comparison with FEM.
In structural health monitoring, FEM can be used for detecting large flaws in a structure, but as the size of the flaw is reduced there is a need to use a high-frequency wave. In order to simulate the propagation of a high-frequency wave, the FEM mesh required is very fine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20national%20football%20team%20records%20and%20statistics | This article lists various football records in relation to the Israel national football team.
Records in this section refer to Eretz Israel football team from its first official game in 1934 to 1948 and to the Israel national football team since Israel Declaration of Independence in 1948.
The page is updated where necessary after each Israel match, and is correct as of 15 November 2015.
Appearances
Most appearances: Yossi Benayoun, 102; 18 November 1998 – 9 October 2017
Longest Israel career: Yossi Benayoun, 18 years 325 days; 18 November 1998 – 9 October 2017
Shortest Israel career: Ze'ev Haimovich, 3 minutes, 17 October 2007 vs Belarus
Youngest player: Gai Assulin, 16 years 350 days; 26 March 2008, vs. Chile
Oldest player: Yossi Benayoun, 37 years 157 days; 9 October 2017, vs. Spain
Most appearances as a substitute: Yossi Benayoun, 33
Most times substituted off: Eyal Berkovic, 44
Most appearances as a substitute without ever starting a game: Ofer Shitrit, 6
Goals
First goal (as Eretz Israel): Avraham Nudelman; 16 March 1934, 1–7 vs. Egypt
First goal (as Israel): Shmuel Ben-Dror; 26 September 1948, 1–3 vs. USA Olympic Team
Most goals: Eran Zahavi, 33; 2 September 2010 – 12 November 2021
Most goals in a match: Mordechai Spiegler, 4; 25 September 1968, 4–0 vs. USA
Youngest scorer: Ben Sahar, 17 years 206 days; 28 March 2007, vs. Estonia
Oldest scorer: Avi Nimni, 33 years 231 days; 7 September 2005, vs. Faroe Islands
Youngest player to score a Hat-trick: Shlo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formatdb | formatdb is a discontinued software tool that was used in molecular bioinformatics to format protein or nucleotide databases for BLAST. It has been replaced by makeblastdb and the NCBI "strongly encourage[s]" users to stop using formatdb.
formatdb must be used in order to format protein or nucleotide source databases before these databases can be searched by BLAST. The source database may be in either FASTA or ASN.1 format. Although the FASTA format is most often used as input to formatdb, the use of ASN.1 is advantageous for those who are using ASN.1 as the common source for other formats such as the GenBank report.
The opposite of operation of formatdb, extracting sequences from a blast formatted database, can be achieved by using the fastacmd program, which comes in the same package.
In the BLAST+ version, formatdb has been succeeded by makeblastdb.
References
External links
NCBI BLAST Database Format — a description of the BLAST database format with a sample program to dump the contents of the database.
Bioinformatics software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20Step | Out of Step may refer to:
Out of Step (television programme), a documentary series made by Associated-Rediffusion in 1957
Out of Step (album), sole LP by band Minor Threat released in 1983
Out of Step (film), 2002 film about an LDS young woman from Utah who moves to New York, New York to pursue and education in dance at New York University
Out of Step, the memoir of Sidney Hook
Out of Step Films (company), 2017 Toronto independent film company. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Visions%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Very%20Best%20of%20Stevie%20Nicks | Crystal Visions... The Very Best of Stevie Nicks is a compilation album released by the American singer-songwriter and Fleetwood Mac vocalist Stevie Nicks. It features songs from her solo career, as well as her career with Fleetwood Mac. It includes her hit singles, a dance remix, and one new track, a live version of Led Zeppelin's "Rock and Roll". Three singles were culled from the album: "Rock and Roll", "Landslide", and a remixed version of "Stand Back". There are two versions of this album, one with just the audio CD and another version with an included DVD featuring all of Nicks' music videos with audio commentary from Nicks, as well as rare footage from the Bella Donna recording sessions. The album debuted and peaked at No. 21 in the United States selling 33,944 copies in its first week. The album spent a total of 12 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart, and had sold 348,000 copies as of February 2011. The album is certified gold in Australia and the United Kingdom.
The title refers to a lyric from "Dreams".
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
References
2007 greatest hits albums
Stevie Nicks albums
Albums produced by Jimmy Iovine
Albums produced by Waddy Wachtel
Albums produced by John Shanks
2007 video albums
Music video compilation albums
Reprise Records compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluide%20Glacial | Fluide Glacial or Fluide glacial () is a monthly Franco-Belgian comics magazine and a publishing house founded on 1 April 1975 by Gotlib, Alexis and . It's one of the most successful comics magazine in France, along with Métal Hurlant.
Since its foundation, it has featured the work of French and international authors and graphic artists such as , Jacques Lob, Luc Nisset, Édika, Claire Bretécher, , François Boucq, Moebius, Masse, Jean-Claude Mézières, Loup, Daniel Goossens, Stéphane Charbonnier, Tignous and André Franquin. Nowadays it also features the work of a new generation of authors and comics artists such as Riad Sattouf, , , , and Romain Dutreix.
It was owned by Groupe Flammarion from 1995 until 2016, when it was bought by Bamboo Édition.
has been the magazine's editor in chief since 2012.
References
Sources
Fluide Glacial publications by the year BDoubliées
External links
Fluide Glacial official site
La mémoire de Fluide Glacial issue descriptions on BDoubliées
1975 establishments in France
1975 comics debuts
Comics magazines published in France
French-language magazines
Magazines established in 1975
Magazines published in Paris
Monthly magazines published in France
Satirical magazines published in France |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutrayana | Sūtrayāna () is the Indo-Tibetan three-fold classification of yanas. A yana is a Buddhist mode of practice that leads to the realization of emptiness. The three yanas of the Sutrayana are Sravakayana or Pratyekabuddhayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. The third yana, Vajrayana, comprises Tantrayana and Dzogchen.
Most often, Sūtrayāna is a classification used in the Vajrayāna to refer to the vehicles of Śrāvakayānana and Mahāyāna, based on the sutras, as a whole. In this context, Sūtrayāna is also known as the causal vehicle, as the six Paramita, thirty-seven factors of enlightenment, ethical and intellectual disciplines and a variety of methods are practiced as causes for achieving the final result. Buddhahood emerges as the result when all such causes are complete. Vajrayāna, vehicle based on Mahāyāna, and on the sutras as well as on the tantras, is also known as the resultant vehicle because the path is not based only on establishing the cause, but identifying directly with the fruition — the fundamentally pure essence of mind, or Buddha-nature.
References
Schools of Buddhism |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKOA | WKOA (105.3 FM), known as "K 105", is a radio station licensed to the city of Lafayette, Indiana. The station operates on the FM radio frequency of 105.3 MHz, FM channel 287. The studios are located at 3575 McCarty Lane in Lafayette, Indiana. The tower is located at the same location.
History
WKOA signed on the air as WASK-FM in 1964 featuring a Beautiful music or easy listening format. In the mid-1970s, FM radio was growing in popularity and FM stations across the country which were up to this point more of a novelty band was now being embraced for its clarity and ability to broadcast a stereo sound. WLFQ (103.9) in Crawfordsville signed-on with a country format in June 1974, directing its programming to Lafayette. WASK-FM decided to make the change to country in September 1974. It became known as "Indiana Country FM 105" utilizing Bill Robinson's "Music Works" automated radio programming service.
WASK-FM began using the slogan "K 105" in the summer of 1983 shortly after being acquired by Duchossois Communications. It retained its country music format and gradually transitioned to completely live/local programming over the next two years.
Former air personalities on K 105 include Ellen K., later known for her work with Rick Dees on KIIS Los Angeles, and Dean McNeil who became the program director of US-99 (WUSN) Chicago.
In 1994, as a result of a pending move to place a news/talk simulcast on 1450 WASK and WASK Incorporated's newly acquired WIIZ (98.7), K 105 changed cal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLAT%20%28bioinformatics%29 | BLAT (BLAST-like alignment tool) is a pairwise sequence alignment algorithm that was developed by Jim Kent at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) in the early 2000s to assist in the assembly and annotation of the human genome. It was designed primarily to decrease the time needed to align millions of mouse genomic reads and expressed sequence tags against the human genome sequence. The alignment tools of the time were not capable of performing these operations in a manner that would allow a regular update of the human genome assembly. Compared to pre-existing tools, BLAT was ~500 times faster with performing mRNA/DNA alignments and ~50 times faster with protein/protein alignments.
Overview
BLAT is one of multiple algorithms developed for the analysis and comparison of biological sequences such as DNA, RNA and proteins, with a primary goal of inferring homology in order to discover biological function of genomic sequences. It is not guaranteed to find the mathematically optimal alignment between two sequences like the classic Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithms do; rather, it first attempts to rapidly detect short sequences which are more likely to be homologous, and then it aligns and further extends the homologous regions. It is similar to the heuristic BLAST family of algorithms, but each tool has tried to deal with the problem of aligning biological sequences in a timely and efficient manner by attempting different algorithmic te |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsomal%20ethanol%20oxidizing%20system | The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) is an alternate pathway of ethanol metabolism that occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. While playing only a minor role in ethanol metabolism in average individuals, MEOS activity increases after chronic alcohol consumption. The MEOS pathway requires the CYP2E1 enzyme, part of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes, to convert ethanol to acetaldehyde. Ethanol’s affinity for CYP2E1 is lower than its affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase. It has delayed activity in non-chronic alcohol consumption states as increase in MEOS activity is correlated with an increase in production of CYP2E1, seen most conclusively in alcohol dehydrogenase negative deer mice.
The MEOS pathway converts ethanol to acetaldehyde by way of a redox reaction. In this reaction, ethanol is oxidized (losing two hydrogens) and O2 is reduced (by accepting hydrogen) to form H2O. NADPH is used as donor of hydrogen, forming NADP+. This process consumes ATP and dissipates heat, thus leading to the hypothesis that long term drinkers see an increase in resting energy expenditure.
The increase in rest energy expenditure has, according to some studies, been explained by indicating that the MEOS "expends" nine calories per gram of ethanol to metabolize versus 7 calories per gram of ethanol ingested. This results in a net loss of 2 calories per gram of ethanol ingested.
References
Metabolic pathways |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | The 1968–69 Libyan Premier League was the 5th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Classification
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20Wisdom%20%28blog%29 | Protein Wisdom is a libertarian weblog created by former academic and sometime fiction writer Jeff Goldstein—a self-described classical liberal.
Background
Goldstein's respect for the legacy of Hunter S. Thompson is an enduring theme, as is his sardonic allusions to such popular cult figures as Martha Stewart and the fictional Billy Jack. The blog is known for its bawdy overtones, surrealistic sense of humor, and biting wit. Ronald Reagan and Barry Goldwater are also held in high esteem.
Controversies
Goldstein vocally opposed the abrupt change of financial arrangements by Pajamas Media in 2009, which deprived him — and other bloggers such as The Anchoress and Ace of Spades HQ — of income from PJM-mediated advertising. He also publicly chastised those he refers to as GOP pragmatists or realists for their criticism of Rush Limbaugh's answer to a question about the coming Obama presidency, once again relying on linguistics and hermeneutics to make the point that "losing more slowly" is still losing, and that there is nothing more pragmatic, as a political strategy, than standing on principle
Deborah Frisch incident
On July 4, 2006, University of Arizona adjunct professor Deborah Frisch started writing comments at Protein Wisdom. Two days later, she wrote "You live in Colorado, I see. Hope no one JonBenets your baby." She then added: "I reiterate: If some nutcase kidnapped your child tomorrow and did to him what was done to your fellow Coloradan, JonBenet Ramsey, I wouldn't |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hajar%20al-Aswad | Al-Hajar al-Aswad () is a Syrian city just south of the centre of Damascus in the Darayya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate.
According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Hajar al-Aswad had a population of 84,948 in the 2004 census, making it the 13th largest city per geographical entity in Syria.
History
During the Syrian Civil War, on 26 July 2012, fighting was reported in the Al-Hajar al-Aswad suburb of the capital, a place described as home to thousands of poor refugees from the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights who were at the forefront of the movement against Assad. The Free Syrian Army had withdrawn to the southern suburb of Al-Hajar al-Aswad with the suburb being shelled by Government forces and an activist in the area said that there were still ongoing clashes in the south of the city. On 27 July 2012, the army took it back. On 30 October 2012, clashes broke out in Al-Hajar Al-Aswad between rebels and the army, spreading into the adjacent Yarmuk Palestinian camp.
On 19 November, rebels seized the headquarters of an army battalion and air defense base on the edge of the suburb, making it the nearest military base to Central Damascus to fall under rebel control. In January 2014, reports indicated that opposition fighters fleeing the fallen towns are concentrated in the remaining strongholds, particularly Al-Hajar al-Aswad.
The district became a hotspot for Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militant activity, whom controlled large areas of th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%E2%80%9377%20Libyan%20Premier%20League | The 1976–77 Libyan Premier League was the 13th edition of the competition since its inception in 1963.
Classification
Libyan Premier League seasons
Libya
Premier League |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin%20receptor%20substrate | Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is an important ligand in the insulin response of human cells.
IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein that contains a phosphotyrosine binding-domain (PTB-domain). In addition, the insulin receptor contains a NPXY motif. The PTB-domain binds the NPXY sequence. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.
Genes
(see also Insulin receptor substrate 1)
(see also Insulin receptor substrate 2)
- a pseudogene
References
Coordination chemistry
Proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Gustines | George Gene Gustines (born 1971) is a journalist who is the managing editor of T, a magazine of The New York Times.
As a journalist, he has written for the "New Jersey", Circuits (technology), "Escapes", "The City", "Television" and "Arts and Leisure" weekly sections, and the daily National, "Culture" and "Business" sections of the Times.
Gustines joined the staff of The New York Times in 1991.
Personal life
Gustines is the son of Aida and Jorge Gustines. A longtime resident of New York City, Gustines lives with his partner, Steven Schack.
Partial bibliography
Reviews
"Books of the Times: A Bittersweet Tale of Father and Daughter." (Review of Alison Bechdel's Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic) The New York Times, 26 June 2006.
Off-Off-Broadway plays
1997
With Steve Schack. Papered Over. Producers Club, 1997 [self-produced].
Graphic novels edited
Bernatovech, Rich and Vecchio, Luciano. Sentinels, Book 1: Footsteps. Drumfish Productions, 2003.
Bernatovech, Rich and Vecchio, Luciano. Sentinels, Book 2: Masks. Drumfish Productions.
Notes
1971 births
Living people
21st-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male journalists
American magazine editors
Comic book editors
The New York Times editors
The New York Times writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
American LGBT journalists
American LGBT dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEDEC%20memory%20standards | The JEDEC memory standards are the specifications for semiconductor memory circuits and similar storage devices promulgated by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) Solid State Technology Association, a semiconductor trade and engineering standardization organization.
JEDEC Standard 100B.01 specifies common terms, units, and other definitions in use in the semiconductor industry. JESC21-C specifies semiconductor memories from the 256 bit static RAM to DDR4 SDRAM modules.
JEDEC standardization goals
The Joint Electron Device Engineering Council characterizes its standardization efforts as follows:
JEDEC Standard 100B.01
The December 2002 JEDEC Standard 100B.01 is entitled Terms, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Microcomputers, Microprocessors, and Memory Integrated Circuits. The purpose of the standard is to promote the uniform use of symbols, abbreviations, terms, and definitions throughout the semiconductor industry.
Units of information
The specification defines the two common units of information:
The bit (b) is the smallest unit of information in the binary numeration system and is represented by the digits 0 and 1.
The byte (B) is a binary character string typically operated upon as one unit. It is usually shorter than a computer word.
Unit prefixes for semiconductor storage capacity
The specification contains citations of the commonly used prefixes kilo, mega, and giga "as a prefix to units of semiconductor storage capacity" to designate multip |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyromazine | Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator used as an insecticide. It is a cyclopropyl derivative of melamine. Cyromazine works by affecting the nervous system of the immature larval stages of certain insects.
In veterinary medicine, cyromazine is used as an ectoparasiticide.
Regulation
The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides a test method for analyzing cyromazine and melamine in animal tissues in its Chemistry Laboratory Guidebook which "contains test methods used by FSIS Laboratories to support the Agency's inspection program, ensuring that meat, poultry, and egg products are safe, wholesome and accurately labeled." In 1999, in a proposed rule published in the Federal Register regarding cyromazine residue, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed "remov[ing] melamine, a metabolite of cyromazine from the tolerance expression since it is no longer considered a residue of concern."
References
Insecticides
Triazines
Cyclopropanes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTP%E2%80%94glucose-1-phosphate%20uridylyltransferase | UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase also known as glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (or UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase) is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It synthesizes UDP-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP; i.e.,
glucose-1-phosphate + UTP UDP-glucose + pyrophosphate
UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is an enzyme found in all three domains (bacteria, eukarya, and archaea) as it is a key player in glycogenesis and cell wall synthesis. Its role in sugar metabolism has been studied extensively in plants in order to understand plant growth and increase agricultural production. Recently, human UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase has been studied and crystallized, revealing a different type of regulation than other organisms previously studied. Its significance is derived from the many uses of UDP-glucose including galactose metabolism, glycogen synthesis, glycoprotein synthesis, and glycolipid synthesis.
Structure
The structure of UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is significantly different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but within eukaryotes, the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the enzyme are quite conserved. In many species, UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is found as a homopolymer consisting of identical subunits in a symmetrical quaternary structure. The number of subunits varies across species: for instance, in Escherichia coli, the enzyme is found as a tetramer, whereas in Bur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fructose%202%2C6-bisphosphate | Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, abbreviated Fru-2,6-P2, is a metabolite that allosterically affects the activity of the enzymes phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) to regulate glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Fru-2,6-P2 itself is synthesized and broken down by the bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase 2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2).
The synthesis of Fru-2,6-P2 is performed through a bifunctional enzyme containing both PFK-2 and FBPase-2, which is dephosphorylated, allowing the PFK-2 portion to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate using ATP. The breakdown of Fru-2,6-P2 is catalyzed by the phosphorylation of the bifunctional enzyme, which allows FBPase-2 to dephosphorylate fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to produce fructose 6-phosphate and Pi.
Effects on glucose metabolism
Fru-2,6-P2 strongly activates glucose breakdown in glycolysis through allosteric modulation (activation) of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK-1). Elevated expression of Fru-2,6-P2 levels in the liver allosterically activates phosphofructokinase 1 by increasing the enzyme’s affinity for fructose 6-phosphate, while decreasing its affinity for inhibitory ATP and citrate. At physiological concentration, PFK-1 is almost completely inactive, but interaction with Fru-2,6-P2 activates the enzyme to stimulate glycolysis and enhance breakdown of glucose.
Cellular stress as a result of oncogenesis or DNA damage among others, activates certain genes by the tumor suppressor p53. On |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopentose%20epimerase | Phosphopentose epimerase (also known as ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase, ) encoded by the RPE gene is a metalloprotein that catalyzes the interconversion between D-ribulose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
D-ribulose 5-phosphate D-xylulose 5-phosphate
This reversible conversion is required for carbon fixation in plants – through the Calvin cycle – and for the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This enzyme has also been implicated in additional pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
In Cupriavidus metallidurans two copies of the gene coding for PPE are known, one is chromosomally encoded , the other one is on a plasmid . PPE has been found in a wide range of bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi and plants. All the proteins have from 209 to 241 amino acid residues. The enzyme has a TIM barrel structure.
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase. Other names in common use include
phosphoribulose epimerase,
erythrose-4-phosphate isomerase,
phosphoketopentose 3-epimerase,
xylulose phosphate 3-epimerase,
phosphoketopentose epimerase,
ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase,
D-ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase,
D-ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase,
D-ribulose-5-P 3-epimerase,
D-xylulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase, and
pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase.
This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: pentose phosphate pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-phosphogluconolactonase | 6-Phosphogluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.31, 6PGL, PGLS, systematic name 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a cytosolic enzyme found in all organisms that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway:
6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate
The tertiary structure of 6PGL employs an α/β hydrolase fold, with active site residues clustered on the loops of the α-helices. Based on the crystal structure of the enzyme, the mechanism is proposed to be dependent on proton transfer by a histidine residue in the active site. 6PGL selectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of δ-6-phosphogluconolactone, and has no activity on the γ isomer.
Enzyme Mechanism
6PGL hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid has been proposed to proceed via proton transfer to the O5 ring oxygen atom, similar to xylose isomerase and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. The reaction initiates via attack of a hydroxide ion at the C5 ester. A tetrahedral intermediate forms and elimination of the ester linkage follows, aided by donation of a proton from an active site histidine residue. The specific residue that participates in the proton transfer eluded researchers until 2009, as previous structural studies demonstrated two possible conformations of the substrate in the active site, which position the O5 ring oxygen proximal to either an arginine or a histidine residue. Molecular |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodromy%20theorem | In complex analysis, the monodromy theorem is an important result about analytic continuation of a complex-analytic function to a larger set. The idea is that one can extend a complex-analytic function (from here on called simply analytic function) along curves starting in the original domain of the function and ending in the larger set. A potential problem of this analytic continuation along a curve strategy is there are usually many curves which end up at the same point in the larger set. The monodromy theorem gives sufficient conditions for analytic continuation to give the same value at a given point regardless of the curve used to get there, so that the resulting extended analytic function is well-defined and single-valued.
Before stating this theorem it is necessary to define analytic continuation along a curve and study its properties.
Analytic continuation along a curve
The definition of analytic continuation along a curve is a bit technical, but the basic idea is that one starts with an analytic function defined around a point, and one extends that function along a curve via analytic functions defined on small overlapping disks covering that curve.
Formally, consider a curve (a continuous function) Let be an analytic function defined on an open disk centered at An analytic continuation of the pair along is a collection of pairs for such that
and
For each is an open disk centered at and is an analytic function.
For each there exists such th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast%20Dubois%20County%20School%20Corporation | Northeast Dubois County School Corporation is a school district in the northeast corner of Dubois County in southwestern Indiana. The school corporation serves the communities of Celestine, Crystal, Cuzco, Dubois, Haysville, and Hillham. It consists of one high school, Northeast Dubois High School, one middle school, Dubois Middle School and two elementary schools with a total enrollment of 1,012 students. Its certified staff count is 58. The current superintendent is Bill Hochgesang.
The Corporation's Vision is "Northeast Dubois - A Community Inspiring Tomorrow's Minds Today."
External links
Northeast Dubois County School Corporation website
School districts in Indiana
Southwestern Indiana
Education in Dubois County, Indiana |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20cuts%20in%20computer%20vision | As applied in the field of computer vision, graph cut optimization can be employed to efficiently solve a wide variety of low-level computer vision problems (early vision), such as image smoothing, the stereo correspondence problem, image segmentation, object co-segmentation, and many other computer vision problems that can be formulated in terms of energy minimization. Many of these energy minimization problems can be approximated by solving a maximum flow problem in a graph (and thus, by the max-flow min-cut theorem, define a minimal cut of the graph). Under most formulations of such problems in computer vision, the minimum energy solution corresponds to the maximum a posteriori estimate of a solution. Although many computer vision algorithms involve cutting a graph (e.g., normalized cuts), the term "graph cuts" is applied specifically to those models which employ a max-flow/min-cut optimization (other graph cutting algorithms may be considered as graph partitioning algorithms).
"Binary" problems (such as denoising a binary image) can be solved exactly using this approach; problems where pixels can be labeled with more than two different labels (such as stereo correspondence, or denoising of a grayscale image) cannot be solved exactly, but solutions produced are usually near the global optimum.
History
The theory of graph cuts used as an optimization method was first applied in computer vision in the seminal paper by Greig, Porteous and Seheult of Durham University. Alla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thialbarbital | Thialbarbital (Intranarcon) is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1960s. It has sedative effects, and was used primarily for induction in surgical anaesthesia. Thialbarbital is short acting and has less of a tendency to induce respiratory depression than other barbiturate derivatives such as pentobarbital.
Synthesis
See also
Thiamylal
References
Thiobarbiturates
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Allyl compounds
Cyclohexenes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamylal | Thiamylal (Surital) is a barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It has sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypnotic effects, and is used as a strong but short acting sedative. Thiamylal is still in current use, primarily for induction in surgical anaesthesia or as an anticonvulsant to counteract side effects from other anaesthetics. It is the thiobarbiturate analogue of secobarbital.
References
Thiobarbiturates
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Allyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcobarbital | Narcobarbital (Pronarcon) is a barbiturate derivative developed in 1932 by Carl Heinrich Friedrich Boedecker and Heinrich Gruber Schoneberg, assignors to the firm J. D. Riedel-E. de Haën AG, Berlin, Germany. Later, in 1937, may, was patented in United States. It is an N-methylated derivative of propallylonal and has similar sedative effects. It is still used in veterinary medicine for inducing surgical anaesthesia.
References
Barbiturates
General anesthetics
Organobromides
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiobutabarbital | Thiobutabarbital (Inactin, Brevinarcon) is a short-acting barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It has sedative, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects, and is still used in veterinary medicine for induction in surgical anaesthesia.
Stereochemistry
Thiobutabarbital contains a stereocenter and consists of two enantiomers. This is a racemate, ie a 1: 1 mixture of ( R ) - and the ( S ) - form:
References
Thiobarbiturates
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson%27s%20theorem | In operator theory, Atkinson's theorem (named for Frederick Valentine Atkinson) gives a characterization of Fredholm operators.
The theorem
Let H be a Hilbert space and L(H) the set of bounded operators on H. The following is the classical definition of a Fredholm operator: an operator T ∈ L(H) is said to be a Fredholm operator if the kernel Ker(T) is finite-dimensional, Ker(T*) is finite-dimensional (where T* denotes the adjoint of T), and the range Ran(T) is closed.
Atkinson's theorem states:
A T ∈ L(H) is a Fredholm operator if and only if T is invertible modulo compact perturbation, i.e. TS = I + C1 and ST = I + C2 for some bounded operator S and compact operators C1 and C2.
In other words, an operator T ∈ L(H) is Fredholm, in the classical sense, if and only if its projection in the Calkin algebra is invertible.
Sketch of proof
The outline of a proof is as follows. For the ⇒ implication, express H as the orthogonal direct sum
The restriction T : Ker(T)⊥ → Ran(T) is a bijection, and therefore invertible by the open mapping theorem. Extend this inverse by 0 on Ran(T)⊥ = Ker(T*) to an operator S defined on all of H. Then I − TS is the finite-rank projection onto Ker(T*), and I − ST is the projection onto Ker(T). This proves the only if part of the theorem.
For the converse, suppose now that ST = I + C2 for some compact operator C2. If x ∈ Ker(T), then STx = x + C2x = 0. So Ker(T) is contained in an eigenspace of C2, which is finite-dimensional (see spectral theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Reingold | Edward M. Reingold (born 1945) is a computer scientist active in the fields of algorithms, data structures, graph drawing, and calendrical calculations.
In 1996 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2000 he retired from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was a professor of computer science and applied mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology until his retirement in 2019.
Works
He has co-authored the standard text on calendrical calculations, Calendrical Calculations, with Nachum Dershowitz.
In 1981 he was the co-author, with John Tilford, of the canonical paper "Tidier Drawings of Trees" which described a method, now known as the Reingold-Tilford algorithm, to produce more aesthetically pleasing drawing of binary (and by extension, m-ary) trees .
References
American computer scientists
Graph drawing people
1945 births
Living people
Scientists from Illinois
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Cornell University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD64%20%28biology%29 | CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity. It is more commonly known as Fc-gamma receptor 1 (FcγRI). After binding IgG, CD64 interacts with an accessory chain known as the common γ chain (γ chain), which possesses an ITAM motif that is necessary for triggering cellular activation.
Structurally CD64 is composed of a signal peptide that allows its transport to the surface of a cell, three extracellular immunoglobulin domains of the C2-type that it uses to bind antibody, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail.
CD64 is constitutively found on only macrophages and monocytes, but treatment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with cytokines like IFNγ and G-CSF can induce CD64 expression on these cells.
There are three distinct (but highly similar) genes in humans for CD64 called FcγRIA (CD64A), FcγRIB (CD64B), and FcγRIC (CD64C) that are located on chromosome 1. These three genes produce six different mRNA transcripts; two from CD64A, three from CD64B, and one from CD64C; by alternate splicing.
References
External links
Clusters of differentiation
Fc receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal%20Fc%20receptor | The neonatal Fc receptor (also FcRn, IgG receptor FcRn large subunit p51, or Brambell receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGRT gene. It is an IgG Fc receptor which is similar in structure to the MHC class I molecule and also associates with beta-2-microglobulin. In rodents, FcRn was originally identified as the receptor that transports maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to neonatal offspring via mother's milk, leading to its name as the neonatal Fc receptor. In humans, FcRn is present in the placenta where it transports mother's IgG to the growing fetus. FcRn has also been shown to play a role in regulating IgG and serum albumin turnover. Neonatal Fc receptor expression is up-regulated by the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF, and down-regulated by IFN-γ.
Interactions of FcRn with IgG and serum albumin
In addition to binding to IgG, FCGRT has been shown to interact with human serum albumin. FcRn-mediated transcytosis of IgG across epithelial cells is possible because FcRn binds IgG at acidic pH (<6.5) but not at neutral or higher pH. The binding site for FcRn on IgG has been mapped using functional and structural studies, and involves in the interaction of relatively well conserved histidine residues on IgG with acidic residues on FcRn.
FcRn-mediated recycling and transcytosis of IgG and serum albumin
FcRn extends the half-life of IgG and serum albumin by reducing lysosomal degradation of these proteins in endothelial cells and bone-marrow deriv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20towns%20in%20Chile | This article contains a list of towns in Chile.
A town is defined by Chile's National Statistics Institute (INE) as an urban entity possessing between 2,001 and 5,000 inhabitants—or between 1,001 and 2,000 inhabitants if 50% or more of its population is economically active in secondary and/or tertiary activities. This list is based on a June 2005 report by the INE based on the 2002 census, which registered 274 towns across the country, however only 269 of them are shown here. (Note: The higher number is based on the number given in the regional summary provided by the INE report. The lower number is based on a manual count of the report. The discrepancies are found in the Valparaíso Region (report: 31 / manual count: 28), the O'Higgins Region (report: 39 / manual count: 38) and the Los Ríos and Los Lagos Region combined (report: 31 / manual count: 30).)
List of towns by region (269)
Arica and Parinacota Region (1)
Putre
Tarapacá Region (3)
Pica
Collaguasi
La Tirana
Antofagasta Region (4)
Cerro Moreno
Juan López
Hornitos
San Pedro de Atacama
Atacama Region (7)
Bahía Inglesa
Loreto
Puerto Viejo
El Salado
Flamenco
Portal del Inca
Freirina
Coquimbo Region (14)
Las Tacas
Tongoy
Guanaqueros
Puerto Velero
La Higuera
Canela Baja
Pichidangui
Quilimarí Alto
Chillepín
Guamalata
La Chimba
Sotaquí
Chañaral Alto
Punitaqui
Valparaíso Region (28)
Laguna Verde
Quintay
San Juan Bautista
Maitencillo
Puchuncaví
Hanga Roa
San Rafael
Placilla
Valle Hermoso
Los Quinquelles
Pichicuy
Los |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyla%20%28given%20name%29 | Kyla is a female given name. It is a derivative of the originally Irish and Scottish Gaelic Kyle.
Kyla may refer to:
Music
Kyla (Filipino singer), Filipino R&B singer Melanie C. Alvarez's stage name
Kyla (British singer) (Kyla Reid), British singer
Kyla Brox, British singer
Kyla Greenbaum, British pianist
Kyla La Grange, British musician
Kyla-Rose Smith, South African musician
Sports
Kyla Atienza, Filipina volleyball player
Kyla Bremner, an Olympic athlete
Kyla Inquig, Filipina footballer
Kyla Leibel (born 2001), Canadian swimmer
Kyla Richey, Canadian volleyball player
Kyla Ross, an American gymnast
Other
Kyla Cole (born 1978), Slovak glamour model
Kyla Garcia, American actress
Kyla Kenedy (born 2003), American actress
Kyla Pratt (born 1986), American actress
Kyla Tyson, a fictional character on the television series Holby City
Kyla Ward, Australian author
See also
Cala (disambiguation)
Kaila (disambiguation)
Kala (disambiguation)
Kayla (disambiguation)
Kila (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20G | Protein G is an immunoglobulin-binding protein expressed in group C and G Streptococcal bacteria much like Protein A but with differing binding specificities. It is a ~60-kDA (65 kDA for strain G148 and 58 kDa for strain C40) cell surface protein that has found application in purifying antibodies through its binding to the Fab and Fc region. The native molecule also binds albumin, but because serum albumin is a major contaminant of antibody sources, the albumin binding site has been removed from recombinant forms of Protein G. This recombinant Protein G, either labeled with a fluorophore or a single-stranded DNA strand, was used as a replacement for secondary antibodies in immunofluorescence and super-resolution imaging.
Other antibody binding proteins
In addition to Protein G, other immunoglobulin-binding bacterial proteins such as Protein A, Protein A/G and Protein L are all commonly used to purify, immobilize or detect immunoglobulins. Each of these immunoglobulin-binding proteins has a different antibody binding profile in terms of the portion of the antibody that is recognized and the species and type of antibodies it will bind.
Folding of Protein G, B1 Domain
An ab initio simulation of the protein G B1 domain demonstrates that, as earlier results suggested, this protein initiates folding via a nucleation event in the hydrophobic core residues followed by small adjustments. The folding events are as follows:
a β-hairpin is formed, stabilized by residues W43, Y45, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich%20Bloch | Erich Bloch (January 9, 1925 – November 25, 2016) was a German-born American electrical engineer and administrator. He was involved with developing IBM's first transistorized supercomputer, 7030 Stretch, and mainframe computer, System/360. He served as director of the National Science Foundation from 1984 to 1990.
Biography
Bloch was born in Sulzburg, Germany in 1925. Bloch was the son of Josef Bloch a Jewish businessman and Lina Rothschild a housewife, who were both later murdered in the Holocaust. He survived the war in a refugee camp in Switzerland and emigrated in 1948 to the United States. He studied electrical engineering at ETH Zurich and received his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from the University of Buffalo.
Bloch joined IBM after graduating in 1952. He was engineering manager of IBM's Stretch supercomputer system and director of several research sites during his career. In June 1984, Ronald Reagan nominated Bloch to succeed Edward Alan Knapp become director of the National Science Foundation. The same year, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. In 1985, Bloch was awarded one of the first National Medals of Technology and Innovation along with Bob O. Evans and Fred Brooks for their work on the IBM System/360.
After stepping down as director of the National Science Foundation, Bloch joined the Council on Competitiveness as its first distinguished fellow. The IEEE Computer Society awarded him the Comp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poker%20calculator | Poker calculators are algorithms which through probabilistic or statistical means derive a player's chance of winning, losing, or tying a poker hand.
Given the complexities of poker and the constantly changing rules, most poker calculators are statistical machines, probabilities and card counting is rarely used. Poker calculators come in three types: poker advantage calculators, poker odds calculators and poker relative calculators.
Odds calculators
A poker odds calculator calculates a player's winning ratio. Winning ratio is defined as, the number of games won divided by the total number of games simulated in a Monte Carlo simulation for a specific player.
Advantage calculators
A poker advantage calculator calculates a player's winning ratio and normalizes the winning ratio relative to the number of players. An advantage calculator, provides a normalized value between -100% and +100% describing a player's winning change in a locked domain. That is, if a player's result is -100%, regardless of the number of players in the game, the player will certainly lose the game. If a player's advantage is +100%, regardless of the number of players, the player will certainly win the game.
Both odds and advantage calculators can provide results provided a specific game scenario. Game scenario variables include: the number of players, the game type being played, and the hand or cards available for the player in question. Alternatively, there also exist poker relative calculators which |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blob%20%28visual%20system%29 | Blobs are sections of primary visual cortex above and below layer IV where groups of neurons sensitive to color assemble in cylindrical shapes. They were first identified in 1979 by Margaret Wong-Riley when she used a cytochrome oxidase stain, from which they get their name. These areas receive input from koniocellular cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus dLGN and output to the thin stripes of area V2. Interblobs are areas between blobs that receive the same input, but are sensitive to orientation instead of color. They output to the pale and thick stripes of area V2.
Blobs are on the koniocellular pathway. This pathway begins at the photoreceptors which then relay signals to the 'K' ganglion cells in the retina. The pathway then continues out of the eye to the layers in-between the parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the dLGN. This pathway then terminates at the blobs in V1. Lesioning of the koniocellular pathway leads to lack of acuity in shapes and colour.
References
Cerebrum
Visual system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD135 | Cluster of differentiation antigen 135 (CD135) also known as fms like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3 with fms standing for "feline McDonough sarcoma"), receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3, or fetal liver kinase-2 (Flk2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT3 gene. FLT3 is a cytokine receptor which belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase class III. CD135 is the receptor for the cytokine Flt3 ligand (FLT3L).
It is expressed on the surface of many hematopoietic progenitor cells. Signalling of FLT3 is important for the normal development of haematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.
The FLT3 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). High levels of wild-type FLT3 have been reported for blast cells of some AML patients without FLT3 mutations. These high levels may be associated with worse prognosis.
Structure
FLT3 is composed of five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, a juxtamembrane domain and a tyrosine-kinase domain consisting of 2 lobes that are connected by a tyrosine-kinase insert. Cytoplasmic FLT3 undergoes glycosylation, which promotes localization of the receptor to the membrane.
Function
CD135 is a class III receptor tyrosine kinase. When this receptor binds to FLT3L a ternary complex is formed in which two FLT3 molecules are bridged by one (homodimeric) FLT3L. The formation of such complex brings the two intracellular domains in close proximity to e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albatros%20J.I | The Albatros J.I was a German armored ground attack airplane of World War I, produced in 1918.
Design and development
The Albatros J.I was a "J-class" derivative of the Albatros C.XII reconnaissance aircraft. The J.I utilized the wings and tail of the C.XII, which were joined to a new slab-sided fuselage. The crew compartment was protected by 490 kg (1,080 lb) of steel armor plate, while the engine was left unprotected. The sides and bottom were 5 mm thick chrome nickel steel plate that was bolted to the wood frame.
Power was provided by the 150 kW (200 hp) Benz Bz.IV, which gave marginal performance when combined with the heavy J.I airframe. The fixed 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine guns fired downward to facilitate strafing ground targets.
The Albatros J.I was developed for low-altitude battlefield reconnaissance and ground-attack missions, often at altitudes of 50 meters (150 feet) or less. Albatros J.Is were mainly issued to Flieger Abteilungen in support of the Army Corps or Army Headquarters.
German units began receiving the J.Is in April 1918 and they were first used in the Battle of the Lys. The aircraft was popular with crews, due to the armor protection and good visibility of the low set engine. Operationally a success, the main drawback of the type was the inadequate armor.
By June 1918, the new Albatros J.II started to replace J.I at the front. The older aircraft nevertheless served until the Armistice. Two were bought by Austria-Hungary. After the war, it was st |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20cell%20factor | Stem cell factor (also known as SCF, KIT-ligand, KL, or steel factor) is a cytokine that binds to the c-KIT receptor (CD117). SCF can exist both as a transmembrane protein and a soluble protein. This cytokine plays an important role in hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells), spermatogenesis, and melanogenesis.
Production
The gene encoding stem cell factor (SCF) is found on the Sl locus in mice and on chromosome 12q22-12q24 in humans. The soluble and transmembrane forms of the protein are formed by alternative splicing of the same RNA transcript,
The soluble form of SCF contains a proteolytic cleavage site in exon 6. Cleavage at this site allows the extracellular portion of the protein to be released. The transmembrane form of SCF is formed by alternative splicing that excludes exon 6 (Figure 1). Both forms of SCF bind to c-KIT and are biologically active.
Soluble and transmembrane SCF is produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Soluble SCF has a molecular weight of 18,5 KDa and forms a dimer. It is detected in normal human blood serum at 3.3 ng/mL.
Role in development
SCF plays an important role in the hematopoiesis during embryonic development. Sites where hematopoiesis takes place, such as the fetal liver and bone marrow, all express SCF. Mice that do not express SCF die in utero from severe anemia. Mice that do not express the receptor for SCF (c-KIT) also die from anemia. SCF may serve as guidance cues that direct hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to their ste |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Buses%20route%20205 | London Buses route 205 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Paddington and Bow Church station, it is operated by Stagecoach London.
2015 statistics from Transport for London stated that this route was responsible for the most injuries to cyclists of any TfL bus route in London.
History
Route 205 commenced operating on 31 August 2002, replacing the former SL1 (StationLink 1) service, which had begun as an accessible route called Carelink for disabled people operated by National Bus Company owned Beeline. This route was withdrawn in 1988, and it became a London Transport contracted route. It was initially operated by London General, but in 1992 the contract was won by Thorpes. For a short period the route continued to be branded as Stationlink.
Route 205 was introduced as part improvements in preparation for the introduction of London congestion charge in February 2003. It connects Paddington, Marylebone, Euston, King's Cross and Liverpool Street termini stations, as well as many London Underground stations following the northern part of the Circle line. A route 705, linking stations on the southern section of the Circle Line, was also created but later withdrawn. The contract to operate the new route was won by Metroline.
It was extended from Whitechapel to Mile End tube station on 16 June 2007, and was converted into 24-hour service at the same time. Seven new Scania N230UDs arrived in summer 2007 to increase the frequency of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change%20detection | In statistical analysis, change detection or change point detection tries to identify times when the probability distribution of a stochastic process or time series changes. In general the problem concerns both detecting whether or not a change has occurred, or whether several changes might have occurred, and identifying the times of any such changes.
Specific applications, like step detection and edge detection, may be concerned with changes in the mean, variance, correlation, or spectral density of the process. More generally change detection also includes the detection of anomalous behavior: anomaly detection.
Offline change point detection it is assumed that a sequence of length is available and the goal is to identify whether any change point(s) occurred in the series. This is an example of post hoc analysis and is often approached using hypothesis testing methods. By contrast, online change point detection is concerned with detecting change points in an incoming data stream.
Background
A time series measures the progression of one or more quantities over time. For instance, the figure above shows the level of water in the Nile river between 1870 and 1970. Change point detection is concerned with identifying whether, and if so when, the behavior of the series changes significantly. In the Nile river example, the volume of water changes significantly after a dam was built in the river. Importantly, anomalous observations that differ from the ongoing behavior of the t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces%20toxytricini | Streptomyces toxytricini is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Streptomyces. It produces the pancreatic lipase inhibitor lipstatin, of which the antiobesity drug orlistat is a derivative.
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Streptomyces toxytricini at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
toxytricini
Bacteria described in 1957 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bapat%E2%80%93Beg%20theorem | In probability theory, the Bapat–Beg theorem gives the joint probability distribution of order statistics of independent but not necessarily identically distributed random variables in terms of the cumulative distribution functions of the random variables. Ravindra Bapat and Beg published the theorem in 1989, though they did not offer a proof. A simple proof was offered by Hande in 1994.
Often, all elements of the sample are obtained from the same population and thus have the same probability distribution. The Bapat–Beg theorem describes the order statistics when each element of the sample is obtained from a different statistical population and therefore has its own probability distribution.
Statement
Let be independent real valued random variables with cumulative distribution functions respectively . Write for the order statistics. Then the joint probability distribution of the order statistics (with and ) is
where
is the permanent of the given block matrix. (The figures under the braces show the number of columns.)
Independent identically distributed case
In the case when the variables are independent and identically distributed with cumulative probability distribution function for all i the theorem reduces to
Remarks
No assumption of continuity of the cumulative distribution functions is needed.
If the inequalities x1 < x2 < ... < xk are not imposed, some of the inequalities "may be redundant and the probability can be evaluated after making the necessa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Downs%20Country%20Club%2C%20Michigan | Crystal Downs Country Club is a private country club and unincorporated community in Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located within Lake Township on the shores of Lake Michigan. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau defined the community as a census-designated place for the first time for the 2010 census. At the census, the CDP had a population of 47 and a total land area of .
Designed by golf course architects Alister MacKenzie and Perry Maxwell in 1929, the par-70, course offers views of Lake Michigan and Crystal Lake. The Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore lies just to its east. Despite being consistently ranked among the top courses in the United States (ranked 10th for 2007–08 by Golf Digest) the only tournament of note it has hosted has been the 1991 U.S. Senior Amateur, due to its location far from population centers and the corresponding lack of sufficient facilities (lodging, transportation, infrastructure) needed to accommodate the crowds attracted by major tournament events. Crystal Downs is currently ranked the #19 course in the world according to Golf.com.
Demographics
References
Event venues established in 1929
Golf clubs and courses in Michigan
Golf clubs and courses designed by Alister MacKenzie
Buildings and structures in Benzie County, Michigan
Traverse City micropolitan area
Unincorporated communities in Benzie County, Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Michigan
Census-designated places in Be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassiosira%20pseudonana | Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms. It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs. Scientists are researching on diatom light absorption, using the marine diatom of Thalassiosira. The diatom requires a high enough concentration of CO2 in order to utilize C4 metabolism (Clement et al. 2015).
The clone of T. pseudonana that was sequenced is CCMP 1335 and is available from the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. This clone was originally collected in 1958 from Moriches Bay (Long Island, New York) and has been maintained continuously in culture.
Morphology
Thalassiosira pseudonana has a radial symmetry. Its biosilica cell wall is divided into two halves, which are joined together by girdle bands, giving them a cylindrical shape or making them appear as a Petri dish. The diameter of their valves ranges from 2 to 9 μm. The valve is made up of silica ribs that radiate from the center with many 18 nm diameter nanopores between them. The face of the valve has 0-1 central fultoportula and a marginal ring of fultoportulae (6-12). The external openings of the central fultoportula appear as rimmed holes, whereas those of the marginal fultoportula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-ictal%20spiking | Inter-ictal spiking refers to abnormal neuronal discharges between epileptic seizures. This abnormal activity can originate from one or more cranial lobes, often travels from one lobe to another, and interferes with normal activity from the affected lobe. Patients with severe, intractable forms of epilepsy can experience unremitting abnormal brain activity due to inter-ictal spiking.
This phenomenon has been confirmed through telemetry by electrocorticography in which electrode grids are positioned sub-durally and augmented by intra-cranial depth electrodes. The EEG tracings from these are correlated with external video recordings of physical responses to epileptic seizures to help determine type of seizure and origin of onset.
Neurophysiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R135%20road%20%28Ireland%29 | The R135 road is one of Ireland's newest regional roads, being a reclassification of those sections of the former N2 which were bypassed when the N2(M2) Ashbourne By-Pass dual carriageway opened in 2006, and when the Carrickmacross, Castleblayney & Monaghan bypasses were completed.
Route
The official description of the R135 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 reads:
R135: Dublin — Ashbourne, County Meath (Part of Old National Route 2)
Between its junction with R132 at Dorset Street Upper in the city of Dublin and its junction with M50 at Balseskin in the county of Fingal via Saint Marys Place, Western Way, Phibsborough Road (and via North Circular Road, Berkeley Road, Berkeley Street and Blessington Street), Prospect Road, Finglas Road (and via Prospect Way and Botanic Road) and North Road in the city of Dublin: and North Road in the county of Fingal
and
between its junction with N2 at Coldwinters in the county of Fingal and its junction with M2 at Rath in the county of Meath via Killshane Bridge, Broghan, Coolatrath Bridge, Ward Lower and Coolquoy Common in the county of Fingal: Newtown Commons, Baltrasna; Bridge Street and Frederick Street in the town of Ashbourne in the county of Meath.
See also
Roads in Ireland
National primary road
National secondary road
References
Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2006 – Department of Transport
Specific
Regional roads in the Republic of Ireland
Roads in County Meath
R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysembryoplastic%20neuroepithelial%20tumour | Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor. Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
Varying subclasses of DNTs have been presently identified, with dispute existing in the field on how to properly group these classes. The identification of possible genetic markers to these tumours is currently underway. With DNTs often causing epileptic seizures, surgical removal is a common treatment, providing high rates of success.
Signs and symptoms
Seizures and epilepsy are the strongest ties to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours. The most common symptom of DNTs are complex partial seizures. Simple DNTs more frequently manifest generalized seizures. In children, DNTs are considered to be the second leading cause of epilepsy. A headache is another common symptom. Diplopia may also be a result of a DNT. Other neurological impairments besides seizures are not common.
Pathogenesis
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours are largely glioneuronal tumours, meaning they are composed of both glial cells and neurons.
Three subunits of DNTs have been commonly identified:
Simple: Specific glioneuronal elements are the sole components of simple DNTs.
Complex: Glial nodules and/or type 3b focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), in addition to the glioneuronal elements are present in complex DNTs. B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHRT | CHRT might refer to:
Cambridge-Huntingdon Rapid Transit Scheme, a public transport project
Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, a company
CHRT-FM in Trail, British Columbia, Canada
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) having undergone compounding |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20at%20the%201988%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20individual%20road%20race | These are the official results of the Women's Individual Road Race at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, held on 26 September 1988.
Final classification
See also
Men's Individual Road Race
References
External links
Official Report
Road cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Women's road race
1980s in women's road cycling
1988 in road cycling
1988 in women's cycle racing
Cyc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spill%20metric | A spill metric is a heuristic metric used by register allocators to decide which registers to spill. Popular spill metrics are:
cost / degree - introduced in Chaitin's algorithm
cost / degree2 - emphasizes the spill's effect on neighbours
cost - emphasizes run time
minimising number of spill operations
Where cost is the estimated cost of spilling a value from registers into memory.
Digital registers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics%20Classification%20and%20Indexing%20Scheme | Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme (OCIS) is a categorization scheme used to encode the topic of an article or presentation in a 7-digit code. The system is used by the Optical Society of America in the organization of conferences and for journal publications. Authors are required to choose one or several OCIS numbers at submission.
External links
Guide for choosing of OCIS Codes
Optica (society) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20derivative | In mathematics, the Fox derivative is an algebraic construction in the theory of free groups which bears many similarities to the conventional derivative of calculus. The Fox derivative and related concepts are often referred to as the Fox calculus, or (Fox's original term) the free differential calculus. The Fox derivative was developed in a series of five papers by mathematician Ralph Fox, published in Annals of Mathematics beginning in 1953.
Definition
If G is a free group with identity element e and generators gi, then the Fox derivative with respect to gi is a function from G into the integral group ring which is denoted , and obeys the following axioms:
, where is the Kronecker delta
for any elements u and v of G.
The first two axioms are identical to similar properties of the partial derivative of calculus, and the third is a modified version of the product rule. As a consequence of the axioms, we have the following formula for inverses
for any element u of G.
Applications
The Fox derivative has applications in group cohomology, knot theory, and covering space theory, among other areas of mathematics.
See also
Alexander polynomial
Free group
Ring (mathematics)
Integral domain
References
Geometric topology
Combinatorial group theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinos%20in%20Japan | Filipinos in Japan (, Zainichi Firipinjin, ) formed a population of 309,943 in June 2023 individuals, making them Japan's fourth-largest foreign community, according to the statistics of the Philippines. Their population reached as high as 245,518 in 1998, but fell to 144,871 individuals in 2000 before beginning to recover slightly when Japan cracked down on human trafficking. In 2006, Japanese/Filipino marriages were the most frequent of all international marriages in Japan. As of 2016, the Filipino population in Japan was 237,103 according to the Ministry of Justice. Filipinos in Japan formed a population of 325,000 individuals at year-end 2020, making them Japan's third-largest foreign community along with Vietnamese, according to the statistics of the Philippine Global National Inquirer and the Ministry of Justice. In December 2021, the number of Filipinos in Japan was estimated at 276,615.
According to figures published by the Central Bank of the Philippines, overseas Filipino workers in Japan remitted more than US$1 billion between 1990 and 1999; one newspaper described the contributions of overseas workers as a "major source of life support for the Philippines' ailing economy." Though most Filipinos in Japan are short-term residents, the history of their community extends back further; during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, some Filipino students studied in Japanese universities.
Media
There is a magazine called Kumusta! (クムスタ). Junta Shimozawa publishe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenase%20mimic | A hydrogenase mimic or bio-mimetic is an enzyme mimic of hydrogenases.
Bio-mimetic compounds inspired in hydrogenases
One of the more interesting applications of hydrogenases is to produce hydrogen, due its capacity to catalyze its redox reaction:
In the field of hydrogen production, the incorporation of chemical compounds in electrochemical devices to produce molecular hydrogen has been a topic of huge interest in the recent years due to the possibility of using hydrogen as a replacement of the fossil fuels as an energetic carrier. This approach of using materials inspired by natural models to do the same function as their natural counterparts is called bio-mimetic approach. Nowadays this approach has received a big impulse due to the availability of high-resolution crystal structures of several hydrogenases obtained with different techniques. The technical details of these hydrogenases are stored in electronic databases at disposition to who may be interested.
This information has allowed to determine the important parts of the enzyme necessary to catalyze the reaction and determine the pathway of the reaction in a very detailed way. Which allow to have a very good comprehension of what is necessary to catalyze the same reaction using artificial components.
Examples of bio-mimetic compounds inspired in hydrogenase
Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to develop chemical cells inspired by biological models to produce molecular hydrogen, for example: Selv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsy%20Woman | Gypsy Woman may refer to:
A Romani female
Films
Gypsy Woman (film), a 2001 film by Steven Knight
Music
"Gypsy Woman" (Crystal Waters song), from the album Surprise (1991)
"Gypsy Woman" (The Impressions song), a 1961 #2 R&B song written by Curtis Mayfield and performed by The Impressions; a 1970 Brian Hyland cover was a #3 pop hit
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Hilary Duff from the album Dignity (2007)
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Rick Nelson
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Eleni Foureira |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metolachlor | Metolachlor is an organic compound that is widely used as an herbicide. It is a derivative of aniline and is a member of the chloroacetanilide family of herbicides. It is highly effective toward grasses.
Agricultural use
Metolachlor was developed by Ciba-Geigy. Its acts by inhibition of elongases and of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclases, which are part of the gibberellin pathway. It is used for grass and broadleaf weed control in corn, soybean, peanuts, sorghum, and cotton. It is also used in combination with other herbicides.
Metolachlor is a popular herbicide in the United States. As originally formulated metolachlor was applied as a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the (S)- and (R)-stereoisomers. The (R)-enantiomer is less active, and modern production methods afford a higher concentration of S-metolachlor, thus current application rates are far lower than original formulations.
Production and basic structure
Metolachlor is produced from 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline (MEA) via condensation with methoxyacetone. The resulting imine is hydrogenated to give primarily the S-stereoisomeric amine. This secondary amine is acetylated with chloroacetylchloride. Because of the steric effects of the 2,6-disubstituted aniline, rotation about the aryl-C to N bond is restricted. Thus, both the (R)- and the (S)-enantiomers exist as atropisomers. Both atropisomers of (S)-metolachlor exhibit the same biological activity.
Safety and ecological effects
Metolachlor has been d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adreno | Adreno is a series of graphics processing unit (GPU) semiconductor intellectual property cores developed by Qualcomm and used in many of their SoCs.
History
Adreno is an integrated graphics processing unit (GPU) within Qualcomm's Snapdragon applications processors, that was jointly developed by ATI Technologies in conjunction with Qualcomm's preexisting "QShader" GPU architecture, and coalesced into a single family of GPUs that rebranded as Adreno in 2008, just prior to AMD's mobile division being sold to Qualcomm in January of 2009 for $65M. Apocryphal claims that Adreno was intentionally named by Qualcomm as anagram of ATI's Radeon family of desktop PC GPUs are false. Early Adreno models included the Adreno 100 and 110, which had 2D graphics acceleration and limited multimedia capabilities. Prior to 2008, 3D graphics on mobile platforms were commonly handled using software-based rendering engines, which limited their performance and consumed too much power to be used for anything other than rudimentary mobile graphics applications. With growing demand for more advanced multimedia and 3D graphics capabilities, Qualcomm licensed the Imageon IP from AMD, in order to add hardware-accelerated 3D capabilities to their mobile products. Further collaboration with AMD resulted in the development of the Adreno 200, originally named the AMD Z430, based on a mobile Imageon variant of the R400 architecture used in the Xenos GPU of the Xbox 360 video game console and released in 2008, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damastes%20%28spider%29 | Damastes is a genus of East African huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1880. It is classified under the family Sparassidae, though its subfamilial classification remains unclear. The subspecies Damastes coquereli affinis is a nomen dubium.
Species
it contains sixteen species, found on the Seychelles, in Mozambique, and on Madagascar:
Damastes atrignathus Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
Damastes coquereli Simon, 1880 – Madagascar
Damastes decoratus (Simon, 1897) – Madagascar
Damastes fasciolatus (Simon, 1903) – Madagascar
Damastes flavomaculatus Simon, 1880 – Madagascar
Damastes grandidieri Simon, 1880 (type) – Madagascar
Damastes majungensis Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
Damastes malagassus (Fage, 1926) – Madagascar
Damastes malagasus (Karsch, 1881) – Madagascar
Damastes masculinus Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
Damastes nigrichelis (Strand, 1907) – Mozambique
Damastes nossibeensis Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
Damastes oswaldi Lenz, 1891 – Madagascar
Damastes pallidus (Schenkel, 1937) – Madagascar
Damastes sikoranus Strand, 1906 – Madagascar
Damastes validus (Blackwall, 1877) – Seychelles
Trapping prey
An unspecified Damastes species has been observed in the Sava Region of northeast Madagascar predating on vertebrates (frogs, Heterixalus andrakata). The same spider - and others of the same species - also build structures of leaves and silk and hide in the back of them. It is speculated that these are traps for catching these frogs.
See also
List of Sparassi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glimmer | Glimmer may refer to:
GLIMMER, a gene prediction software package
Music
Glimmer, a 1999 album by Sundown
The Glimmer Twins, a pseudonym used by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones
"Glimmer" (song), a song by Delerium
"Glimmer", the B-side to John Foxx's song "No-One Driving"
Glimmer Best of John Foxx, a 2008 compilation album
"Glimmer", a song by Tame Impala from the 2020 album The Slow Rush
Film and TV
Glimmer (She-Ra), a television cartoon character
Gateway to Glimmer, alternate name for the video game Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!
Glimmer (or glim), a reflective device used for cheating in poker or other card games
Glimmer, a character in The Hunger Games trilogy
Starlight Glimmer, a character in the series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyfluorescein%20diacetate%20succinimidyl%20ester | Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) is an amine-reactive, cell-permeable dye generally used in animal cell proliferation research. CFDA-SE is a modified CFSE with two hydroxyl groups on its fluorescein moiety replaced with acetates. This change renders the molecule more hydrophobic and cell-permeable at the expense of its fluorescence property. After entering cells by diffusion, CFDA-SE is cleaved by intracellular esterase enzymes to form CFSE. As its reactive succinimidyl ester group is unmodified, CFDA-SE also covalently binds to lysine residues and other amine sources like CFSE.
If a stained cell divides, the dye is divided equally between the two daughter cells, resulting in both new cells having a CFDA-SE concentration approximately 50% that of the mother cell. A cell stained with CFDA-SE can be kept in culture for several days and fluorescence is detectable in cells following up to 8 successive cell divisions. Fluorescence is typically detected using a flow cytometer on the FL1 detector, with each resulting fluorescent peak representing another round of cell division. The area of each peak is representative of the number of cells in a given division cycle. The staining works best with relatively homogeneous cell populations.
High concentrations of the dye are toxic to animal cells; however, concentrations in the region of 10 micromolar are typically sufficient to give strong staining with minimal cell death. Most cell types will excrete a proport |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCIS | OCIS may refer to:
Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme
Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies
Ocean City Intermediate School (of Ocean City School District) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset%20Lake%20%28Lakes%20Region%2C%20New%20Hampshire%29 | Sunset Lake is a water body located in Belknap County in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Gilmanton and Alton. Water from Sunset Lake flows south to Crystal Lake, the head of the Suncook River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately the Gulf of Maine.
The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass, rainbow smelt, chain pickerel, brown bullhead, sunfish, and yellow perch.
See also
List of lakes in New Hampshire
References
Lakes of Belknap County, New Hampshire |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clascal | Clascal is an object-oriented programming language (and associated discontinued compiler) developed in 1983 by the Personal Office Systems (POS) division (later renamed The Lisa Division, then later The 32-Bit Systems Division) of Apple Computer. Clascal was used to program applications for the Lisa Office System, the operating environment of the Lisa.
Developed as an extension of Lisa Pascal, which in turn harked back to the UCSD Pascal model originally implemented on the Apple II, the language was strongly influenced by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) release of Smalltalk-80, v1 (which had been formerly ported to the Lisa), and by Modula. According to Larry Tesler, Clascal was developed as a replacement for Apple's version of Smalltalk, which was "too slow" and because the experience offered by the Smalltalk syntax was too unfamiliar for most people.
Clascal was the basis for Object Pascal on the Apple Macintosh in 1985. With the demise of the Lisa in 1986, Pascal and Object Pascal continued to be used in the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop for systems and application development for several more years, until it was finally supplanted by the languages C and C++. The MacApp application framework was based on Toolkit originally written in Clascal.
Object Pascal, in turn, served as the basis for Borland's Delphi.
References
Programming languages
Pascal programming language family
Class-based programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages
High |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora%20inhibitor | Aurora kinase inhibitors are a putative drug class for treating cancer. The Aurora kinase enzymes could be potential targets for novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors.
Aurora kinases regulate cell cycle transit from G2 through cytokinesis, and thus are targets in cancer therapy. There are three mammalian aurora kinase genes, encoding aurora A, B and C. Intense investigation has focused on aurora A and B as they appear to play a role in oncogenesis with aurora A identified as a low penetrance tumor susceptibility gene in mice and humans.
Drug development
A new approach to inhibiting cancer growth that shows great promise for structure-based drug development is targeting enzymes central to cellular mitosis. Aurora kinases, so named because the scattered mitotic spindles generated by mutant forms resemble the Aurora Borealis, have gained a great deal of attention as possible anticancer drug targets. The Aurora enzymes are particularly significant because they are involved in a direct path to the nucleosome by phosphorylating histone H3. Furthermore, Aurora kinases are known to be oncogenic and overexpressed in various forms of cancerous growth, including leukemia, colon cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer tumors.
So far three Aurora-kinase inhibitors have been described: ZM447439, hesperadin and VX-680. The last is in advanced stages (Phase II clinical trial) of a joint drug development by Vertex Pharmaceuticals's VX-680 (Sausville, 234, last posted on 12/18/06) and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile%20hydratase | Nitrile hydratases (NHases; ) are mononuclear iron or non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes that catalyse the hydration of diverse nitriles to their corresponding amides
R-C≡N + H2O → R-C(O)NH2
Metal cofactor
In biochemistry, cobalt is in general found in a corrin ring, such as in vitamin B12. Nitrile hydratase is one of the rare enzyme types that use cobalt in a non-corrinoid manner. The mechanism by which the cobalt is transported to NHase without causing toxicity is unclear, although a cobalt permease has been identified, which transports cobalt across the cell membrane.
The identity of the metal in the active site of a nitrile hydratase can be predicted by analysis of the sequence data of the alpha subunit in the region where the metal is bound. The presence of the amino acid sequence VCTLC indicates a Co-centred NHase and the presence of VCSLC indicates Fe-centred NHase.
Metabolic pathway
Nitrile hydratase and amidase are two hydrating and hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the sequential metabolism of nitriles in bacteria that are capable of utilising nitriles as their sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and in concert act as an alternative to nitrilase activity, which performs nitrile hydrolysis without formation of an intermediate primary amide. A sequence in genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis was suggested to encode for a nitrile hydratase. The M. brevicollis gene consisted of both the alpha and beta subunits fused into a single gene. Similar nitrile hydr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20addition%20source%20of%20optical%20radiation | FASOR is an acronym for frequency addition source of optical radiation. The name is used for a certain type of guide star laser deployed at US Air Force Research Laboratory facilities SOR and AMOS. The laser light is produced in a sum-frequency generation process from two solid-state laser sources that operate at different wavelengths. The frequencies of the sources add directly to a summed frequency. Thus, if the source wavelengths are and , the resulting wavelength is
Application
The FASOR was initially used for many laser guide star experiments. These have ranged from mapping the photon return verse wavelength, power, and pointing location in the sky. Two FASORS were used to show the advantages of 'back pumping' or pumping at both D2a and D2b lines. Later a FASOR was used to measure the Earth's magnetic field. It has also been used for its intended application of generating a laser guidestar for adaptive optics, see first reference. It is tuned to the D2a hyperfine component of the sodium D line and used to excite sodium atoms in the mesospheric upper atmosphere. The FASOR consists of two single-frequency injection-locked Nd:YAG lasers close to 1064 and 1319 nm that are both resonant in a cavity containing a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal, which sums the frequencies yielding 589.159 nm light.
References
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harting%20Old%20Club | The Harting Old Club is a British friendly society, originating in the village of South Harting, West Sussex, and dating back to at least 1800, but in probability at least another 75 years before that. Every Whit Monday the members parade outside St Gabriel's church at 11 o'clock where the secretary calls the roll. The club members then march up and down the high street to the accompaniment of a brass band. In their hand they carry a hazel wand, and on their lapel they wear a red, blue and white rosette. Following a short service the (all male) members retire to enjoy a feast.
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Festivities Web-Site
Clubs and societies in West Sussex
Friendly societies of the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action | State–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) is an algorithm for learning a Markov decision process policy, used in the reinforcement learning area of machine learning. It was proposed by Rummery and Niranjan in a technical note with the name "Modified Connectionist Q-Learning" (MCQ-L). The alternative name SARSA, proposed by Rich Sutton, was only mentioned as a footnote.
This name reflects the fact that the main function for updating the Q-value depends on the current state of the agent "S1", the action the agent chooses "A1", the reward "R" the agent gets for choosing this action, the state "S2" that the agent enters after taking that action, and finally the next action "A2" the agent chooses in its new state. The acronym for the quintuple (st, at, rt, st+1, at+1) is SARSA. Some authors use a slightly different convention and write the quintuple (st, at, rt+1, st+1, at+1), depending on which time step the reward is formally assigned. The rest of the article uses the former convention.
Algorithm
A SARSA agent interacts with the environment and updates the policy based on actions taken, hence this is known as an on-policy learning algorithm. The Q value for a state-action is updated by an error, adjusted by the learning rate alpha. Q values represent the possible reward received in the next time step for taking action a in state s, plus the discounted future reward received from the next state-action observation.
Watkin's Q-learning updates an estimate of the optimal state-a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compile-time%20function%20execution | In computing, compile-time function execution (or compile time function evaluation, or general constant expressions) is the ability of a compiler, that would normally compile a function to machine code and execute it at run time, to execute the function at compile time. This is possible if the arguments to the function are known at compile time, and the function does not make any reference to or attempt to modify any global state (i.e. it is a pure function).
If the value of only some of the arguments are known, the compiler may still be able to perform some level of compile-time function execution (partial evaluation), possibly producing more optimized code than if no arguments were known.
Examples
Lisp
The Lisp macro system is an early example of the use of compile-time evaluation of user-defined functions in the same language.
C++
The Metacode extension to C++ (Vandevoorde 2003) was an early experimental system to allow compile-time function evaluation (CTFE) and code injection as an improved syntax for C++ template metaprogramming.
In earlier versions of C++, template metaprogramming is often used to compute values at compile time, such as:
template <int N>
struct Factorial {
enum { value = N * Factorial<N - 1>::value };
};
template <>
struct Factorial<0> {
enum { value = 1 };
};
// Factorial<4>::value == 24
// Factorial<0>::value == 1
void Foo() {
int x = Factorial<0>::value; // == 1
int y = Factorial<4>::value; // == 24
}
Using compile-time function e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/iodide%20cotransporter | The sodium/iodide cotransporter, also known as the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A5 gene. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 87 kDa and 13 transmembrane domains, which transports two sodium cations (Na+) for each iodide anion (I−) into the cell. NIS mediated uptake of iodide into follicular cells of the thyroid gland is the first step in the synthesis of thyroid hormone.
Iodine uptake
Iodine uptake mediated by thyroid follicular cells from the blood plasma is the first step for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This ingested iodine is bound to serum proteins, especially to albumins. The rest of the iodine which remains unlinked and free in bloodstream, is removed from the body through urine (the kidney is essential in the removal of iodine from extracellular space).
Iodine uptake is a result of an active transport mechanism mediated by the NIS protein, which is found in the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. As a result of this active transport, iodide concentration inside follicular cells of thyroid tissue is 20 to 50 times higher than in the plasma. The transport of iodide across the cell membrane is driven by the electrochemical gradient of sodium (the intracellular concentration of sodium is approximately 12 mM and extracellular concentration 140 mM). Once inside the follicular cells, the iodide diffuses to the apical membrane, where it is metabolically oxidized through the ac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reda%20Shehata | Reda Shehata (born January 24, 1981 in Egypt) is an Egyptian football midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Ghazl El-Mahalla.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Egypt men's international footballers
Al Ahly SC players
Men's association football midfielders
Al Ittihad Alexandria Club players
Egyptian Premier League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Danvers | Carol Susan Jane Danvers is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Roy Thomas and artist Gene Colan, the character first appeared as an officer in the United States Air Force and a colleague of the Kree superhero Mar-Vell in Marvel Super-Heroes #13 (March 1968). Danvers later became the first incarnation of Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel #1 (cover-dated January 1977) after her DNA was fused with Mar-Vell's during an explosion, giving her superhuman powers. Debuting in the Silver Age of comics, the character was featured in a self-titled series in the late 1970s before becoming associated with the superhero teams the Avengers and the X-Men. The character has also been known as Binary, Warbird, and Captain Marvel at various points in her history.
Carol Danvers has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful female heroes, being labeled as a symbol of female empowerment.
Since her original introduction in comics, the character has been featured in various other Marvel-licensed products, including video games, animated television series, and merchandise such as trading cards. Brie Larson portrays Carol Danvers in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain Marvel, Avengers: Endgame (both 2019), and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), and will reprise her role in The Marvels (2023). Mckenna Grace portrayed a young Carol in Captain Marvel. Alexandra Daniels voices alternate reality versions o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurbanite | Jurbanite is a sulfate mineral with the chemical formula AlSO4(OH)·5H2O. Its molecular weight is 230.13 g/mol. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and is dimorphous with the orthorhombic mineral rostite.
Jurbanite occurs as a secondary (post-mine) mineral in mines containing sulfide minerals.
Jurbanite was first described for an occurrence in the San Manuel mine of Pinal County, Arizona and first described in 1976s. It was named for Joseph John Urban, the mineral collector who discovered it.
References
Aluminium minerals
Sulfate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1976 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20class | Ice class refers to a notation assigned by a classification society or a national authority to denote the additional level of strengthening as well as other arrangements that enable a ship to navigate through sea ice. Some ice classes also have requirements for the ice-going performance of the vessel.
Significance of ice class
Not all ships are built to an ice class. Building a ship to an ice class means that the hull must be thicker, and more scantlings must be in place. Sea chests may need to be arranged differently depending on the class. Sea bays may also be required to ensure that the sea chest does not become blocked with ice. Most of the stronger classes require several forms of rudder and propeller protection. Two rudder pintles are usually required, and strengthened propeller tips are often required in the stronger ice classes. More watertight bulkheads, in addition to those required by a ship's normal class, are usually required. In addition, heating arrangements for fuel tanks, ballast tanks, and other tanks vital to the ship's operation may also be required depending on the class.
Different ice classes
IACS Polar Class
Ships can be assigned one of seven Polar Classes (PC) ranging from PC 1 for year-round operation in all polar waters to PC 7 for summer and autumn operation in thin first-year ice based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). The IACS Polar Class rules |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellobiohydrolase | Cellobiohydrolase may refer to:
Cellulase, an enzyme
Cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20Ren%C3%A9%20le%20B%C3%A8gue%20Cup | The 1946 René le Bègue Cup was a Grand Prix motor race held in Paris on 6 June 1946.
Classification
Rene le Begue Cup
Rene le Begue Cup
Grand Prix race reports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20Nations%20Grand%20Prix | The 1946 Nations Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held in Geneva on 21 July 1946.
Classification
Final
Heat 1
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Jean-Pierre Wimille, 1:37.5
Fastest lap : Jean-Pierre Wimille, 1:47.2
Heat 2
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Giuseppe Farina, 1:38.3
Fastest lap : Giuseppe Farina, 1:42.3
Nations Grand Prix
Nations Grand Prix
Grand Prix race reports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SgurrEnergy | SgurrEnergy Private Limited is an Indian multinational company that provides expert engineering design, performance optimization, quality assurance and independent engineer services for new and operating Renewable energy Plants.
SgurrEnergy's headquarters and Renewable Energy Centre of Excellence are in Pune, India, with offices in India (Pune and Anand), China and KSA. SgurrEnergy has worked on projects in 40+ countries across four continents with notable projects in India, South Asia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, the Middle-East, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, Burkina Faso in Africa, Bangladesh, Romania in Eastern Europe and the United States.
SgurrEnergy mainly works with engineering, procurement and construction companies (EPCs), developers and lenders focused on building and operating renewable energy plants and state, national and local governments.
SgurrEnergy's has contributed to 81+GW in renewable energy capacity.
History
SgurrEnergy, named after the Scottish Gaelic word for the rocky peaks of Scotland, was founded in 2002 in Glasgow, UK by a team of young engineers and the name continues to symbolize the company's Scottish heritage. SgurrEnergy was focused on wind energy in its early days before expanding to solar energy project and later battery and green hydrogen projects.
The founding team was led by Mr. Ian Irvine and Mr. Steve Macdonald, who had previously worked for Scottish Power and executed a number of wind energy projects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Rossini | Frederick Dominic Rossini (July 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was an American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics.
In 1920, at the age of twenty-one, Rossini entered Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and soon was awarded a full-time teaching scholarship. He graduated with a B.S. in chemical engineering in 1925, followed by an M.S. degree in science in physical chemistry in 1926.
As a result of reading Lewis and Randall's classical 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances he wrote to Gilbert N. Lewis and as a result he was offered a teaching fellowship at the University of California at Berkeley. Among his teachers were Gilbert Lewis and William Giauque. Rossini's doctoral dissertation on the heat capacities of strong electrolytes in aqueous solution was supervised by Merle Randall. His Ph.D. degree was awarded in 1928, after only 21 months of graduate work, even though he continued to serve as a teaching fellow throughout this entire period. He worked at the National Bureau of Standards (Washington, DC) from 1928 to 1950.
In 1932, Frederick Rossini, Edward W. Washburn, and Mikkel Frandsen authored "The Calorimetric Determination of the Intrinsic Energy of Gases as a Function of the Pressure." This experiment resulted in the development of the Washburn Correction for bomb calorimetry, a decrease or correction of the results of a calorimetric procedure to normal states.
In 1950, he published his popular textbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoethylpiperazine | Aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) is a derivative of piperazine. This ethyleneamine contains three nitrogen atoms; one primary, one secondary and one tertiary. It is a corrosive organic liquid and can cause second or third degree burns. Aminoethylpiperazine can also cause pulmonary edema as a result of inhalation. It is REACH and TSCA registered.
Production
Ethylene dichloride is reacted with ammonia as a main method of production. This process produces various ethylene amines which can then be purified by distillation. These include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, other higher homologues and aminoethyl piperazine.
AEP is also manufactured by reacting ethylenediamine or ethanolamine/ammonia mixtures over a catalyst.
Epoxy resin curing agent
A key use of AEP is as an epoxy curing agent. When used as an epoxy resin curing agent, it is usually used in conjunction with other amines as an accelerator as it only has 3 amine hydrogens for cross-linking. The tertiary amine on the molecule acts as an accelerator and the other three amine hydrogens allow sites for crosslinking the epoxy. This then allows coating systems to be formulated that prevent corrosion of steel and other substrates. Novolac resins may also be cured by this material and blends.
Other uses
Uses include inhibition of corrosion, surface activation, and as an asphalt additive. As AEP is alkaline and carbon dioxide is weakly acidic, it has been researched as a carbon di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomer | In structural biology, a protomer is the structural unit of an oligomeric protein. It is the smallest unit composed of at least two different protein chains that form a larger hetero-oligomer by association of two or more copies of this unit.
The term was introduced by Chetverin to make nomenclature in the Na/K-ATPase enzyme unambiguous. This enzyme is composed of two subunits: a large, catalytic α subunit, and a smaller glycoprotein β subunit (plus a proteolipid, called γ-subunit). At the time it was unclear how many of each work together. In addition, when people spoke of a dimer, it was unclear whether they were referring to αβ or to (αβ)2. Chetverin suggested to call αβ a protomer and (αβ)2 a diprotomer.
Protomers usually arrange in cyclic symmetry to form closed point group symmetries.
In chemistry, a so-called protomer is a molecule which displays tautomerism due to position of a proton.
Examples
Hemoglobin is a heterotetramer consisting of four subunits (two α and two β). However, structurally and functionally hemoglobin is described better as (αβ)2, so we call it a dimer of two αβ-protomers, that is, a diprotomer.
Aspartate carbamoyltransferase has a α6β6 subunit composition. The six αβ-protomers are arranged in D3 symmetry.
Viral capsid are often composed of protomers.
Examples in chemistry include tyrosine and 4-aminobenzoic acid. The former may be deprotonated to form the carboxylate and phenoxide anions, and the later may be protonated at the amino or carbo |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.