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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell%20activating%20factor | B-cell activating factor (BAFF) also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B and CD257 among other names, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF13B gene. BAFF is also known as B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) and TNF- and APOL-related leukocyte expressed ligand (TALL-1) and the Dendritic cell-derived TNF-like molecule (CD257 antigen; cluster of differentiation 257).
Structure and function
BAFF is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B/TACI, TNFRSF17/BCMA, and TNFRSF13C/BAFF-R. This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells.
BAFF is a 285-amino acid long peptide glycoprotein which undergoes glycosylation at residue 124. It is expressed as a membrane-bound type II transmembrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells. The transmembrane form can be cleaved from the membrane, generating a soluble protein fragment. BAFF steady-state concentrations depend on B cells and also on the expression of BAFF-binding receptors. BAFF is the natural ligand of three nonconventional tumor necrosis factor receptors named BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), all of which have d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNFSF9 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 also known as 4-1BB ligand or 4-1BBL or CD137L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF9 gene.
4-1BBL is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor that is found on APCs (antigen presenting cells) and binds to 4-1BB (also known as CD137). The 4-1BB/4-1BBL complex belongs to the TNFR:TNF superfamily, which is expressed on activated T Lymphocytes.
Structure of 4-1BB/4-1BBL complex
The 4-1BB/4-1BBL complex consists of three monomeric 4-1BBs bound to a trimeric 4-1BBL. Each 4-1BB monomer binds to two 4-1BBLs via cysteine-rich domains (CRDs). The interaction between 4-1BB and the second 4-1BBL is required to stabilize their interactions. The link with 4-1BBL is largely made up of amino acids from the dynamic loops of the CRD2 and the β sheet of CRD3 of 4-1BB, according to a detailed study of the binding between the 4-1BB and 4-1BBL interface. CRD2 amino acids (T61, Q67, and K69) interact with the AA′ loop (Y110 and G114) and the intra-H-strand loop (Q227 and Q230) of 4-1BBL to form various hydrogen bond interactions.
Application to cancer immunotherapy
Studies on the poorly immunogenic Ag104A sarcoma and the extremely tumorigenic P815 mastocytoma provided the first systematic proof that anti-4-1BB antibodies have potent anti-tumor effects. Anti-4-1BB administration to mice with the aforementioned tumors was shown to substantially inhibit tumor growth by increasing CTL activity. In the years to come, more studies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin%20protein%20zero | Myelin protein zero (P0, MPZ) is a single membrane glycoprotein which in humans is encoded by the MPZ gene. P0 is a major structural component of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin protein zero is expressed by Schwann cells and accounts for over 50% of all proteins in the peripheral nervous system, making it the most common protein expressed in the PNS. Mutations in myelin protein zero can cause myelin deficiency and are associated with neuropathies like Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease and Dejerine–Sottas disease.
Structure
In humans, the gene that encodes myelin protein zero is located on chromosome 1 near the Duffy Locus or the Duffy Antigen/Chemokine Receptor. The gene is about 7,000 bases long and is divided into 6 exons. In total, myelin protein zero is 219 amino acids long and has many basic amino acid residues.
Myelin protein zero consists of an extracellular N-terminal domain (amino acids 1–124), a single transmembrane region (125-150), and a smaller positively charged intracellular region (151-219). Its cytoplasmic domain is highly positively charged but presumably does not fold into a globular structure. The extracellular domain is structurally similar to the immunoglobulin domain and therefore the protein is considered as belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily
Besides existing as a monomer, myelin protein zero is also known to form dimers and tetramers with other myelin protein zero molecules in vertebrates.
Function
The myelin sh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndecan%201 | Syndecan 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SDC1 gene. The protein is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecan-1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Syndecan-1 is a sponge for growth factors and chemokines, with binding largely via heparan sulfate chains. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the HIV-1 tat protein.
Altered syndecan-1 expression has been detected in several different tumor types. Syndecan 1 can be a marker for plasma cells.
Structure
The syndecan-1 core protein consists of an extracellular domain which can be substituted with heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains, a highly conserved transmembrane domain, and a highly conserved cytoplasmic domain, which contains two constant regions that are separated by a variable region. The extracellular domain can be cleaved (shed) from the cell surface at a juxtamembrane site, converting the membrane-bound proteoglycan into a paracrine effector molecule with roles in wound repair and invasive growth of cancer cells.
An exception is the prosecretory mitogen lacritin that binds syndecan-1 only after heparanase modification. Binding utilizes an enzyme- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Mason%20Sports%20Complex | The Gene Mason Sports Complex is a sports field park complex located in Cumberland, Maryland. The park was dedicated in 1952 and geared towards organized team sports of baseball, soccer, football, valley ball, tennis, and basketball. A natural vegetation buffer exists along the Potomac River frontage, acting as a stormwater runoff filter and component of the Potomac River Greenway.
The north side of the park adjoins the C&O Canal Historic Park. The Canal Towpath is part of a trail network linking Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C., via the Allegheny Highland Trail and Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historic Park.
The park includes 4 ball fields, 4 soccer fields, 1 multi-use field, 3 sand volleyball courts, 4 tennis courts, horseshoe courts, and a BMX race track.
This complex is located in a flood plain. In general, The recreational facilities are a good use of flood plain land, as there is little potential for loss of life or major property damage. The complex is also located adjacent to and upwind from the wastewater treatment plant, which creates odor problems on occasion.
References
DRAFT Comprehensive Parks and Recreation Plan
Parks in Allegany County, Maryland
Parks in Cumberland, MD-WV-PA
BMX tracks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%E2%80%93even%20sort | In computing, an odd–even sort or odd–even transposition sort (also known as brick sort or parity sort) is a relatively simple sorting algorithm, developed originally for use on parallel processors with local interconnections. It is a comparison sort related to bubble sort, with which it shares many characteristics. It functions by comparing all odd/even indexed pairs of adjacent elements in the list and, if a pair is in the wrong order (the first is larger than the second) the elements are switched. The next step repeats this for even/odd indexed pairs (of adjacent elements). Then it alternates between odd/even and even/odd steps until the list is sorted.
Sorting on processor arrays
On parallel processors, with one value per processor and only local left–right neighbor connections, the processors all concurrently do a compare–exchange operation with their neighbors, alternating between odd–even and even–odd pairings. This algorithm was originally presented, and shown to be efficient on such processors, by Habermann in 1972.
The algorithm extends efficiently to the case of multiple items per processor. In the Baudet–Stevenson odd–even merge-splitting algorithm, each processor sorts its own sublist at each step, using any efficient sort algorithm, and then performs a merge splitting, or transposition–merge, operation with its neighbor, with neighbor pairing alternating between odd–even and even–odd on each step.
Batcher's odd–even mergesort
A related but more efficien |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon%20prince | Demon prince or prince demon may refer to:
Classification of demons
Demon Princes, a series of science-fiction novels
The Demon Prince of Momochi House, a Japanese romance manga
Demon Prince Enma, a Japanese horror anime and manga
Prince demons, a type of monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons setting
See also
Demon
Demonology
Warhammer Fantasy (setting)
List of Dungeons & Dragons deities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Alo | Emmanuel Babatunde Alo (born April 15, 1950) is a Nigerian professor of applied biology, ecosystems, entomology and parasitology.
Background
Alo is noted for his research work on the transmission patterns of the HIV virus in the ABO and Rhesus blood groups. Alo's extensive research work on the almost extinct species of Dennettia tripetala is carried by the Chinese Government's National Science and Technology Library, the Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (INIST) of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the United Kingdom's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
In 1991 Alo was appointed as the first Dean and founder of the School of Postgraduate Studies at the Federal University of Technology Yola. He went on to serve as the university's Deputy Vice-Chancellor from 1996 to 2000, and as interim Vice-Chancellor in 2001. He is also a chair member of the Executive Leadership Board of Rotary International District 9125.
Selected works
United Nations' Aquatic sciences and fisheries abstracts, Volume 19,(Published 1989), integrated pest management for developing countries (Nova Science Publishers, 2007) Crop Post-Harvest: Science and Technology, Volume 2 (Wiley-Blackwell;edition 1, November 5, 2004),
Advances in Virus Research, Vol. 53 Academic Press; 1 edition (October 25, 1999) and Extension Services in Wildlife Conservation: The Extension Agent and Information Worker, 22:267-269 Cambridge University Press.
Current advan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina%20and%20the%20Neurons | Nina and the Neurons is a British television programme shown on the CBeebies channel, aimed at young children to help them understand basic science. Nina is a neuroscientist who enlists the help of five Neurons (animated characters representing the senses) in her brain to answer a scientific question.
The show is produced by Lucille McLaughlin, who has also produced the children's programmes Balamory, Me Too! and Bits and Bobs. The series is commissioned by CBeebies Controller, Michael Carrington
Synopsis
Most of the show is based at Glasgow Science Centre, with a little part taking place outdoors. At the start of the show, Nina conducts experiments in front of an unseen audience of children. At one point of the show, Nina is 'contacted' by (usually two or three, but rarely four) children, who appear on a computer screen asking a science-related question (e.g., 'What makes rainbows appear and disappear?') Nina then chooses one (or more) of the five Neurons inside her brain based upon which of the senses is most appropriate to answer the question. Once the Neuron has been selected by Nina, the children (called the 'experimenters') then visit Nina, using fun experiments and games.
Afterwards, Nina takes the children out to find out more about the answer to the question, sometimes with the help of their friends and family. After they have found out the answer to the question, they travel back to the Glasgow Science Centre to do another experiment and then, the 'experimenters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Breslow | Norman Edward Breslow (February 21, 1941 – December 9, 2015) was an American statistician and medical researcher. At the time of his death, he was Professor (Emeritus) of Biostatistics in the School of Public Health, of the University of Washington. He is co-author or author of hundreds of published works during 1967 to 2015.
Among his many accomplishments is his work with co-author Nicholas Day that developed and popularized the use of case-control matched sample research designs, in the two-volume work Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. This was with view that matched sample studies have a role within larger program of many types of studies, in making progress on a vast and important problem like cancer. Matched sample studies can quickly and cheaply test some hypothesized relationships, but their apparent findings are not definitive, and there's much they cannot accomplish. Their results, however, can inform the design of slow and expensive longitudinal large-cohort studies that are definitive, for example. Dose-response studies and other studies, too, are elements of a rational scientific program to address cancer. In 2015, he died of prostate cancer.
Breslow was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of the U.K. His other professional awards an honors include: ``the Speigelman Gold Medal Award from the American Public Health Association (1978); the Snedecor Award (1995) and R.A. Fisher Award (1995) from the Committee of Presidents of Statistical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotinidase | Biotinidase (, amidohydrolase biotinidase, BTD), also known as biotinase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BTD gene.
The enzyme breaks down biotin amides, releasing free biotin and the amine. The main substrate is biocytin, or biotin linked to lysine. It is also capable of breaking apart biotin esters.
Function
This enzyme allows the body to use and to recycle the B vitamin biotin, sometimes called vitamin H. Biotinidase extracts biotin from food because the body needs biotin in its free, unattached form. This enzyme also recycles biotin from enzymes in the body that use it as a helper component in order to function. These enzymes, known as carboxylases, are important in the processing of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Biotin is attached to these carboxylase enzymes through an amino acid (the building material of proteins) called lysine, forming a complex called biocytin. Biotinidase removes biotin from biocytin and makes it available to be reused by other enzymes.
Clinical significance
Biotin, sometimes called vitamin H, is an important water-soluble vitamin that aids in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. The human body cannot produce biotin, but it can obtain it from the diet, internal recycling and at some extent from intestinal bacteria. Biotin deficiency can result in behavioral disorders, lack of coordination, learning disabilities and seizure.
Unlike most vitamins, which are noncovalently bound to enzymes, biotin is chemically |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal%20protein%20S6 | Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6 or eS6) is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit and is therefore involved in translation. Mouse model studies have shown that phosphorylation of eS6 is involved in the regulation of cell size, cell proliferation, and glucose homeostasis.
Studies show that the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6K1 and S6K2) and p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (RSK) both phosphorylate eS6 and that S6K1 and S6K2 predominate this function.
Pathways leading to the induction of human eS6 phosphorylation have been found to enhance IL-8 protein synthesis. This mechanism is dependent on A/U-rich proximal sequences (APS) found in the 3'UTR of IL-8 immediately after the stop codon.
References
External links
Ribosomal proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%E2%80%9351%20Serie%20A | The 1950–51 Serie A season was won by Milan.
Teams
Napoli and Udinese had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
:it:Classifica calcio Serie A italiana 1951 - Italian version with pictures and info.
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1950–51 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANF%20Les%20Mureaux%20113 | The ANF Les Mureaux 110 and its derivatives were a family of French reconnaissance aircraft developed in the 1930s. They were all-metal, parasol-wing monoplanes with the pilot and observer in tandem open cockpits. The type was widely used in the Battle of France, but were all scrapped soon afterwards.
Development
The ANF Les Mureaux 110 originated with a French air ministry requirement for an aircraft to replace the Breguet 19 in Armée de l'Air service in the "R2" two-seat reconnaissance role. Two slightly different variants, the 110 and 111 were presented to the air force for evaluation, and were soon ordered into production.
The first mass-production version was the 113 in 1933, of which 49 examples were purchased. This was supplanted in production by the 115 in 1935 and the 117 later than year. Both these series were given light bombing capability as well.
Operational history
The 113 entered service initially with the Armée de l'Air's reconnaissance Groupes, followed by the observation Groupes, and finally replacing the ageing Potez 25s in the Groupes Aériens Régionaux reserve units. It was followed into service by the 117 and 115. From 1934 to 35, 40 of the original 113s were converted into night fighters and used to replace the Breguet 19s still in service with France's two nightfighter Groupes.
By the outbreak of World War II, the 115 equipped nine Groupes Aériens d'Observation, and the 117 nine more. By April 1940, 11 aircraft had been lost in action, leaving 228 o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosaire | John Derek Crozier (12 November 1917 – 3 April 2010), under the pseudonym "Crosaire" (), was the compiler of the cryptic crossword in The Irish Times from its inception in 1943 until the year after his death. It was formally named "The Irish Times Crossword", as opposed to the non-cryptic "Simplex crossword" which was published alongside it from 1951. As Crozier was the sole cryptic compiler for 68 years, the crossword itself became known as "the Crosaire" by metonymy. The pseudonym "Crosaire" is a play on his own surname and crosaire, the Irish for "crossroad". After Crozier's death, The Irish Times formally renamed its cryptic crossword in his honour.
Biography
Crozier was born in Dublin and educated at Castle Park preparatory school in Dalkey and Repton School in England. He graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1940. He worked in administration at the Guinness Brewery in St. James's Gate. He first compiled a crossword to amuse his wife, Marjorie, who remained much better at solving them than her husband. Soon after, he was introduced by Jack White to Irish Times editor Bertie Smyllie at the paper's 1942 Christmas party in a Dublin pub, where he claimed that compiling crosswords was a longstanding hobby and persuaded Smyllie to commission some, the first printed on 13 March 1943. Initially the Crosaire appeared weekly on Saturdays, with Wednesdays added in 1950, Tuesdays in 1955, and a daily puzzle from 1982.
In 1948 Crozier emigrated to Southern Rhodesia, now Zimb |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dullard%20protein | In cell biology, Dullard protein is a protein coding gene involved in neural development. It is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family and is a potential regulator of neural tube development in Xenopus. The gene promotes neural development by inhibiting Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). Dullard is also known as CTDnep1, which stands for CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1. This gene is relatively small and only contains 244 amino acids.
Description
Dullard is also known as CTDnep1, which stands for CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1. It is a protein coding gene, which include phosphatase activity and protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. This gene is relatively small and only contains 244 amino acids. Dullard protein or CTDnep1 encodes a protein serine/threonine phosphatase and dephosphoroylates LPIN1 and LPIN2. LPIN1 and LPIN2 catalyze the reaction of the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol. The reaction can affect and change the lipid concentration of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus.
Dullard and BNP signaling
Neural development happens in the dorsal ectoderm. In the genus Xenopus, over expression of Dullard undergoes apoptosis in early development. Dullard helps promote Ubiquitin by proteosomal degradation. Dullard mRNA is derived from maternal genes and is localized within the animal neural hemisphere. Functioning negatively for the regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Dullard conserves the C-terminal region of NLI-IF, in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living%20in%20a%20Big%20Way | Living in a Big Way is a 1947 American musical comedy film starring Gene Kelly, Marie McDonald as a couple who marry during World War II after only knowing each other a short time. This was director Gregory La Cava's final film.
Plot
Leo Gogarty (Kelly) marries Margaud Morgan (McDonald) after a whirlwind romance just before shipping out to war. When he returns, he is surprised to discover not only that his bride is not what she led him to believe, but also that she expects a quick divorce. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gogarty must find their place with or without each other in a society still adjusting to peace.
Among the many Gene Kelly dance segments are 'Fido and Me', where Mr. Kelly dances with a dog and a statue, and a sequence on a construction site with a number of children.
Cast
Gene Kelly as Leo Gogarty
Marie McDonald as Margaud Morgan
Charles Winninger as D. Rutherford Morgan
Phyllis Thaxter as Peggy Randall
Spring Byington as Mrs. Minerva Alsop Morgan
Jean Adair as Abigail Morgan
Clinton Sundberg as Everett Hanover Smythe
John Warburton as 'Skippy' Stuart Simms
William Phillips as Schultz
Bernadene Hayes as Dolly
John Alexander as Attorney Ambridge
Phyllis Kennedy as Annie Pearl
Reception
The film earned $1,137,000 in the US and Canada and $376,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,939,000 - one of MGM's biggest disasters of 1947.
References
External links
1947 films
1947 musical comedy films
1947 romantic comedy films
American musical comedy fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20%28United%20Kingdom%20ethnicity%20category%29 | Mixed is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census. Colloquially it refers to British citizens or residents whose parents are of two or more different races or ethnic backgrounds. The Mixed or Multiple ethnic group in England and Wales numbered 1.7 million in the 2021 census, 2.9% of the population.
Statistics
A number of academics have pointed out that the ethnicity classification employed in the census and other official statistics in the UK since 1991 involve confusion between the concepts of ethnicity and race. Aspinall notes that sustained academic attention has been focused on "how the censuses measure ethnicity, especially the use of dimensions that many claim have little to do with ethnicity, such as skin colour, race, and nationality".
2001 was the first census which asked about mixed race identity. In that census, 677,177 classified themselves as of mixed ethnicity, making up 1.2 percent of the UK population. The 2011 Census gave the figure as 2.2% for England and Wales.
Office for National Statistics estimates suggest that 956,700 mixed-ethnicity people were resident in England (as opposed to the whole of the UK) as of mid-2009, compared to 654,000 at mid-2001. As of May 2011, this figure surpassed 1 million. It was estimated in 2007 that, by 2020, 1.24 million people in the UK would be of mixed race.
Research conducted by the BBC, however, suggests that the mixed race populatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952%E2%80%9353%20Serie%20A | The 1952–53 Serie A season was won by Internazionale.
Teams
Roma had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1952–53 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham%20ElectroAcoustic%20Sound%20Theatre | Birmingham ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre, or as it is more commonly known, BEAST, is a sound diffusion system specifically designed for the performance of electroacoustic music. It consists of a set of loudspeakers connected to a computer, usually controlled by a diffusion console. It is a long-running project of the Electroacoustic Music Studios at the University of Birmingham, founded in 1982 under the directorship of Jonty Harrison. Since 2014 BEAST has been directed by Scott Wilson, along with Annie Mahtani and James Carpenter as technical director.
The loudspeakers
BEAST can consist of up to over 100 channels of loudspeakers, often arranged largely in pairs or rings,, and includes ultra-low frequency loudspeakers (bins) and custom-built trees of high frequency speakers (tweeter trees) which can be suspended above an audience.
The minimum set-up that BEAST would ordinarily use for stereo diffusion comprises a set of loudspeakers which Jonty Harrison terms the Main Eight. These four pairs of loudspeakers, using BEAST nomenclature, are termed Main, Wide, Distant and Rear. The Main and the Wide speakers together form the main, frontal sound image, the Main speakers being placed to act somewhat like the loudspeakers in a typical studio, and the Wide speakers acting to stretch that sound image out across the audience's sound stage. The Rear speakers, which are behind the audience, provide immersion and the possibility of movement around the audience. Finally, the Distant sp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberomammillary%20nucleus | The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is a histaminergic nucleus located within the posterior third of the hypothalamus. It is part of the tuber cinereum. It largely consists of histaminergic neurons (i.e. histamine-releasing neurons). It is involved with the control of arousal, learning, memory, sleep and energy balance.
Efferents
The tuberomammillary nucleus is the sole source of histamine pathways in the human brain. The densest axonal projections from the tuberomammillary nucleus are sent to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and other parts of the hypothalamus. The projections to the cerebral cortex directly increase cortical activation and arousal, and projections to acetylcholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and dorsal pons do so indirectly, by increasing the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex.
References
Hypothalamus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flounce | Flounce may refer to:
Flounce (fabric), particular type of fabric manipulation that creates a similar look to ruffle but with less bulk
Flounce (physics) or crackle, in physics, the fifth derivative of the position vector with respect to time |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenyang%20Olympic%20Sports%20Center%20Stadium | The Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre Stadium () is a 60,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is part of the Shenyang Olympic Sports Centre.
Nicknamed "Crystal Crown" 水晶皇冠, the stadium was built by AXS Satow as a replacement for Wulihe Stadium. It hosted football matches at the 2008 Summer Olympics. It was the home ground of the Shenyang Dongjin F.C., a club that folded in 2018. In 2013 the stadium was the principal venue of the 2013 National Games of China with the opening and closing ceremonies as well as the main athletic events.
The complex includes a 10,000-seat gymnasium, a 4,000-seat natatorium, and a 4,000-seat tennis field.
External links
Beijing Olympics 2008 official website
Liaoning 2013 China's Twelfth National Games official website
References
Buildings and structures in Shenyang
Sport in Shenyang
Football venues in China
Athletics (track and field) venues in China
Venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic football venues
Multi-purpose stadiums in China
Sports venues in Liaoning
Sports venues completed in 2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousmonium | The Acousmonium is the sound diffusion system designed in 1974 by Francois Bayle and used originally by the Groupe de Recherches Musicales at the Maison de Radio France. It consists of 80 loudspeakers of differing size and shape, and was designed for tape playback. As Bayle wrote in a CD sleeve note in 1993, it was The process of distributing compositions of electroacoustic music or Musique concrète across an acousmonium is called diffusion. This is done by the composer or a performer by controlling and adjusting the spatial distribution and volume of the music during playback.
The Acousmonium has been in use more recently. It was, for example, used for a series of concerts held at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, London in May, 2006.
See also
Acousmatic music
Birmingham ElectroAcoustic Sound Theatre
References
Electronic musical instruments |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Stone%20theorem | In extremal graph theory, the Erdős–Stone theorem is an asymptotic result generalising Turán's theorem to bound the number of edges in an H-free graph for a non-complete graph H. It is named after Paul Erdős and Arthur Stone, who proved it in 1946, and it has been described as the “fundamental theorem of extremal graph theory”.
Statement for Turán graphs
The extremal number ex(n; H) is defined to be the maximum number of edges in a graph with n vertices not containing a subgraph isomorphic to H; see the Forbidden subgraph problem for more examples of problems involving the extremal number. Turán's theorem says that ex(n; Kr) = tr − 1(n), the number of edges of the Turán graph T(n, r − 1), and that the Turán graph is the unique such extremal graph. The Erdős–Stone theorem extends this result to H = Kr(t), the complete r-partite graph with t vertices in each class, which is the graph obtained by taking Kr and replacing each vertex with t independent vertices:
Statement for arbitrary non-bipartite graphs
If H is an arbitrary graph whose chromatic number is r > 2, then H is contained in Kr(t) whenever t is at least as large as the largest color class in an r-coloring of H, but it is not contained in the Turán graph T(n,r − 1), as this graph and therefore each of its subgraphs can be colored with r − 1 colors.
It follows that the extremal number for H is at least as large as the number of edges in T(n,r − 1), and at most equal to the extremal function for Kr(t); that is,
For |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioBrick | BioBrick parts are DNA sequences which conform to a restriction-enzyme assembly standard. These building blocks are used to design and assemble larger synthetic biological circuits from individual parts and combinations of parts with defined functions, which would then be incorporated into living cells such as Escherichia coli cells to construct new biological systems. Examples of BioBrick parts include promoters, ribosomal binding sites (RBS), coding sequences and terminators.
Overview
The BioBrick parts are used by applying engineering principles of abstraction and modularization. BioBrick parts form the base of the hierarchical system on which synthetic biology is based. There are three levels to the hierarchy:
Parts: Pieces of DNA that form a functional unit (for example promoter, RBS, etc.)
Device: Collection set of parts with defined function. In simple terms, a set of complementary BioBrick parts put together forms a device.
System: Combination of a set of devices that performs high-level tasks.
The development of standardized biological parts allows for the rapid assembly of sequences. The ability to test individual parts and devices to be independently tested and characterized also improves the reliability of higher-order systems.
History
The first attempt to create a list of standard biological parts was in 1996, by Rebatchouk et al. This team introduced a cloning strategy for the assembly of short DNA fragments. However, this early attempt was not widely re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured%20neuronal%20network | A cultured neuronal network is a cell culture of neurons that is used as a model to study the central nervous system, especially the brain. Often, cultured neuronal networks are connected to an input/output device such as a multi-electrode array (MEA), thus allowing two-way communication between the researcher and the network. This model has proved to be an invaluable tool to scientists studying the underlying principles behind neuronal learning, memory, plasticity, connectivity, and information processing.
Cultured neurons are often connected via computer to a real or simulated robotic component, creating a hybrot or animat, respectively. Researchers can then thoroughly study learning and plasticity in a realistic context, where the neuronal networks are able to interact with their environment and receive at least some artificial sensory feedback. One example of this can be seen in the Multielectrode Array Art (MEART) system developed by the Potter Research Group at the Georgia Institute of Technology in collaboration with SymbioticA, The Centre for Excellence in Biological Art, at the University of Western Australia. Another example can be seen in the neurally controlled animat.
Use as a model
Advantages
The use of cultured neuronal networks as a model for their in vivo counterparts has been an indispensable resource for decades. It allows researchers to investigate neuronal activity in a much more controlled environment than would be possible in a live organism. Through |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytopathic%20effect | Cytopathic effect or cytopathogenic effect (abbreviated CPE) refers to structural changes in host cells that are caused by viral invasion. The infecting virus causes lysis of the host cell or when the cell dies without lysis due to an inability to replicate. Both of these effects occur due to CPEs. If a virus causes these morphological changes in the host cell, it is said to be cytopathogenic. Common examples of CPE include rounding of the infected cell, fusion with adjacent cells to form syncytia, and the appearance of nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
CPEs and other changes in cell morphology are only a few of the many effects by cytocidal viruses. When a cytocidal virus infects a permissive cell, the viruses kill the host cell through changes in cell morphology, in cell physiology, and the biosynthetic events that follow. These changes are necessary for efficient virus replication but at the expense of the host cell.
Diagnostics
CPEs are important aspects of a viral infection in diagnostics. Many CPEs can be seen in unfixed, unstained cells under the low power of an optical microscope, with the condenser down and the iris diaphragm partly closed. However, with some CPEs, namely inclusion bodies, the cells must be fixed and stained then viewed under light microscopy. Some viruses' CPEs are characteristic and therefore can be an important tool for virologists in diagnosing an infected animal or human. The rate of CPE appearance is also an important characteristic th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerhead%20ribozyme | The hammerhead ribozyme is an RNA motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and ligation reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule. It is one of several catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) known to occur in nature. It serves as a model system for research on the structure and properties of RNA, and is used for targeted RNA cleavage experiments, some with proposed therapeutic applications. Named for the resemblance of early secondary structure diagrams to a hammerhead shark, hammerhead ribozymes were originally discovered in two classes of plant virus-like RNAs: satellite RNAs and viroids. They are also known in some classes of retrotransposons, including the retrozymes. The hammerhead ribozyme motif has been ubiquitously reported in lineages across the tree of life.
The self-cleavage reactions, first reported in 1986, are part of a rolling circle replication mechanism. The hammerhead sequence is sufficient for self-cleavage and acts by forming a conserved three-dimensional tertiary structure.
Catalysis
In its natural state, a hammerhead RNA motif is a single strand of RNA. Although the cleavage takes place in the absence of protein enzymes, the hammerhead RNA itself is not a catalyst in its natural state, as it is consumed by the reaction (i.e. performs self-cleavage) and therefore cannot catalyze multiple turnovers.
Trans-acting hammerhead constructs can be engineered such that they consist of two interacting RNA strands, with one strand composing a hammerhead ribozyme t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate%20carboxypeptidase%20II | Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), also known as N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate peptidase I (NAALADase I), NAAG peptidase, or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FOLH1 (folate hydrolase 1) gene. Human GCPII contains 750 amino acids and weighs approximately 84 kDa.
GCPII is a zinc metalloenzyme that resides in membranes. Most of the enzyme resides in the extracellular space. GCPII is a class II membrane glycoprotein. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) to glutamate and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) according to the reaction scheme to the right.
Neuroscientists primarily use the term NAALADase in their studies, while those studying folate metabolism use folate hydrolase, and those studying prostate cancer or oncology, PSMA. All refer to the same protein glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
Discovery
GCPII is mainly expressed in four tissues of the body, including prostate epithelium, the proximal tubules of the kidney, the jejunal brush border of the small intestine and ganglia of the nervous system.
Indeed, the initial cloning of the cDNA encoding the gene expressing PSMA was accomplished with RNA from a prostate tumor cell line, LNCaP. PSMA shares homology with the transferrin receptor and undergoes endocytosis but the ligand for inducing internalization has not been identified. It was found that PSMA was the same as the membrane protein in the small intestine responsible for removal of gamma-link |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral%20posterolateral%20nucleus | The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. It relays sensory information from the second-order neurons of the neospinothalamic tract and medial lemniscus (of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway) which synapse with in the third-order neurons in the nucleus. These then project to the somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus.
There is uncertainty regarding the location of VMpo, as determined by spinothalamic tract (STT) terminations and staining for calcium-binding proteins, and several authorities do not consider its existence as being proved.
Anatomy
Subdivisions
The nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis pars oralis (VPLo) is a subdivision of the ventral posterolateral thalamus which has substantial projections to the motor cortex.
Additional images
References
Thalamus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20chromosome | Artificial chromosome may refer to:
Yeast artificial chromosome
Bacterial artificial chromosome
Human artificial chromosome
P1-derived artificial chromosome
Synthetic DNA of a base pair size comparable to a chromosome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKTK | WKTK (98.5 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Crystal River, Florida, and serving the Gainesville–Ocala radio market. It is owned by Audacy, Inc., and carries an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.
WKTK has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, currently the maximum for FM stations in Florida. Its strong signal can be picked up in portions of Orlando, Jacksonville, and the Tampa Bay Area.
History
On , the station signed on the air. Its call sign was originally WRYO. The station was owned by the Cape Christian Broadcasters of Florida, and it had a Christian radio format. It used United Press International for its news service.
The call letters WKTK ("Koast-to-Koast", referring to the station's large coverage area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico) were adopted in 1986. WKTK has been through various forms of the adult contemporary and hot AC formats since before finally settling into the mainstream AC sound it now uses.
On May 19, 2008, utilizing iBiquity's in-band on-channel (IBOC) digital radio technology, WKTK-FM began broadcasting its signal in both digital (HD-1) and analog (FM) formats. In addition to the digital launch, WKTK-HD2 began broadcasting the area's only all digital, all blues music format, branded as The Swamp WKTK-HD2 (98.5-2). The station was granted special permission to use "The Swamp" from The University of Florida in homage of the school |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intralaminar%20thalamic%20nuclei | The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus that are generally divided in two groups as follows:
anterior (rostral) group
central medial nucleus
paracentral nucleus
central lateral nucleus
posterior (caudal) intralaminar group
centromedian nucleus
parafascicular nucleus
Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus.
Degeneration of this area can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, infarction of the thalamic paramedian artery may result in varied features such as disorientation, confusion, hypersomnolence, deep coma, or akinetic mutism. This area is also prominently affected in traumatic brain injuries. One postmortem study of patients with closed head injuries showed correlation of the involvement of these nuclei with the various degrees of disability.
See also
Central tegmental tract
Output of the ARAS
References
External links
Diagram at University of Florida
Thalamic nuclei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father%20Roquelaure | Father Roquelaure is a French fairy tale collected by Achille Millien.
It is a type 516 tale in the Aarne-Thompson classification system. Others of this type are Trusty John and The Raven.
Synopsis
A widowed queen urges her son, Emilien, to marry, but he does not. She dies. One day, he sees a portrait of the Princess Emilienne and falls in love. The portrait painter tells him that the princess is kept confined in a tower by a fairy. Emilien confides in a trusted servant, Jean, and after Jean makes secret preparations, they set out to find the princess. They take turns keeping watch at night.
While the prince sleeps, Jean hears voices talking. One is of Father Roquelaure, who tells how Prince Emilien's task of finding the princess will be hard. He will have to rub the wheels with moss to cross a river with no bridge, which will create a bridge; he will have to offer the fairy a distaff with diamonds and then give her a sleeping potion; when he takes the princess, his horses will refuse to go on, and he will have to refuse offers from coachmen with horses and carriages and instead dash them to pieces; when the princess becomes thirsty and vendors offer to sell her drinks, the drinks will be poison and he will have to dash them to the ground; they will come upon a drowning man, and the prince will have to push him back into the water rather than rescue him; finally, he will have to rub the wheels with moss again. And if he repeats any of the things he has just been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B1%20cell | B1 cells are a sub-class of B cell lymphocytes that are involved in the humoral immune response. They are not part of the adaptive immune system, as they have no memory, but otherwise, B1 cells perform many of the same roles as other B cells: making antibodies against antigens and acting as antigen-presenting cells. These B1 cells are commonly found in peripheral sites, but less commonly found in the blood. These cells are involved in antibody response during an infection or vaccination.
There are two types of B1 cells subsets, B1a cells and B1b cells. B1b cells have been shown to be capable of memory responses. B1b cells also can recognize protective antigens in bacteria, which is unique because they are targeting something internal.
Origin
B1 cells are first produced in the fetus and most B1 cells undergo self-renewal in the periphery, unlike conventional B cells (B2 cells) that are produced after birth and replaced in the bone marrow.
Types
Human B1 cells have been found to have marker profile of CD20+CD27+CD43+CD70- and could either be CD5+ or CD5-, which has been debated since. CD5-CD72 is thought to mediate B cell-B cell interaction. What differentiates B1 cells from other B cells is the variable existence of CD5, CD86, IgM and IgD. B-1 B cells, in the mouse, can be further subdivided into B-1a (CD5+) and B-1b (CD5−) subtypes. Unlike B-1a B cells, the B-1b subtype can be generated from precursors in the adult bone marrow. The B1a and B1b precursors have been repor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed%20identification | Weed identification may relate to
History of plant systematics, the classification of plants
Botany, the study of plants
Taxonomy, the classification of living things
Weed plant science
Weed (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBCR-LP | WBCR-LP is a low power FM radio station with office and studio located in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, broadcasting on the 97.7 FM frequency. The organization's legal name is "Berkshire Community Radio Alliance," and is also known as "Berkshire Community Radio" or "BCR."
WBCR-LP is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, volunteer-run, non-commercial, community radio station with over 70 locally produced shows currently on the air. With a broadcast radius between 8 and 15 miles, depending on terrain, it serves the southern portion of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. WBCR-LP also streams live on the internet.
History
WBCR-LP commenced broadcasting on October 23, 2004.
Full power upgrade
On March 31, 2010, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted the licensee of WBCR-LP, Berkshire Community Radio Alliance, a construction permit for 89.5 MHz from the American Towers communications tower in Hillsdale, New York. When built, the station would have run 550 watts vertical from 144 meters above average terrain. However, in March 2013 the Board of Directors voted to remain as a low power station and turned the construction permit over to NEPR (New England Public Radio) which then constructed WNNU, basically an all news and talk station.
See also
List of community radio stations in the United States
References
External links
WBCR-LP Homepage
BCR-LP
Community radio stations in the United States
BCR-LP
Great Barrington, Massachusetts
Mass media in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackinawite | Mackinawite is an iron nickel sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (where x = 0 to 0.11). The mineral crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and has been described as a distorted, close packed, cubic array of S atoms with some of the gaps filled with Fe. Mackinawite occurs as opaque bronze to grey-white tabular crystals and anhedral masses. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 and a specific gravity of 4.17. It was first described in 1962 for an occurrence in the Mackinaw mine, Snohomish County, Washington for which it was named.
Occurrence
Mackinawite occurs in serpentinized peridotites as a hydrothermal alteration product, in meteorites, and in association with chalcopyrite, cubanite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, greigite, maucherite, and troilite. Mackinawite also occurs in reducing environments such as freshwater and marine sediments as a result of the metabolism of iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria.
In anoxic environments, mackinawite is formed by the reaction of HS− with either Fe2+ ions or with Fe metal. Mackinawite is a metastable mineral that occurs predominantly as a poorly crystalline precipitate. After the initiation of precipitation, mackinawite can take up to 2 years to form at 25 °C. It has been reported that mackinawite can be stable for up to 16 weeks at temperatures up to 100 °C at pH values from 3-12. Laboratories have also produced synthetic mackinawite to study its formation using several different methods such as reacting sulfide with metalli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Mallee | West Mallee is a statistical subdivision defined under the Australian Standard Geographical Classification, and therefore used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It is one of three subdivisions of the Mallee statistical division of the Australian state of Victoria. It consists of three statistical local areas: Buloke (S) - North, Buloke (S) - South and Mildura (RC) - Pt B.
References
External links
Demographics of Australia
Geography of Victoria (state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine%20monophosphate | Thiamine monophosphate is a thiamine derivative. It occurs naturally in milk.
References
Organophosphates
Thiazoles
Pyrimidines
Thiamine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA%20synthetase | Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) or Acetate—CoA ligase is an enzyme () involved in metabolism of acetate. It is in the ligase class of enzymes, meaning that it catalyzes the formation of a new chemical bond between two large molecules.
Reaction
The two molecules joined together that make up Acetyl CoA are acetate and coenzyme A (CoA). The complete reaction with all the substrates and products included is:
ATP + Acetate + CoA AMP + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoA
Once acetyl-CoA is formed it can be used in the TCA cycle in aerobic respiration to produce energy and electron carriers. This is an alternate method to starting the cycle, as the more common way is producing acetyl-CoA from pyruvate through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The enzyme's activity takes place in the mitochondrial matrix so that the products are in the proper place to be used in the following metabolic steps. Acetyl Co-A can also be used in fatty acid synthesis, and a common function of the synthetase is to produce acetyl Co-A for this purpose.
The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA synthetase takes place in two steps. First, AMP must be bound by the enzyme to cause a conformational change in the active site, which allows the reaction to take place. The active site is referred to as the A-cluster. A crucial lysine residue must be present in the active site to catalyze the first reaction where Co-A is bound. Co-A then rotates in the active site into the position where acetate can covalently bind to CoA. The c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris%20Ughiovhe | Idris "Alex" Ughiovhe (born January 27, 1983 in Washington, DC) is an American soccer player of Nigerian heritage who last played for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USSF Second Division.
Career
Youth and college
Ughiovhe played college soccer at Howard University, and for Richmond Kickers Future in the USL Premier Development League,
Professional
Ughiovhe was drafted in the fourth round 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft by Chicago Fire, played several reserve matches for both Chicago and D.C. United, and was signed to a developmental contract by Fire on September 19, 2006, but was released before he played a game.
He signed for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USL Second Division prior to the team's inaugural 2007 season, and made his professional debut on April 20, 2007 in Baltimore's season-opening 4–1 loss to the Charlotte Eagles.
Career statistics
(correct as of September 29, 2009)
External links
Crystal Palace Baltimore bio
References
1983 births
Living people
USL Second Division players
USL League Two players
Crystal Palace Baltimore players
Chicago Fire FC players
Howard Bison men's soccer players
Richmond Kickers Future players
African-American men's soccer players
Chicago Fire FC draft picks
Soccer players from Washington, D.C.
American men's soccer players
Men's association football defenders
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Harkin | Bryan Harkin (born October 29, 1980, in Derry) is a Northern Irish soccer player who played for Crystal Palace Baltimore in the USSF Second Division.
Career
College and amateur
Harkin played college soccer at Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut from 1999 to 2002. In 2000, he set the Stags' single season assist record with 9 while helping lead the team to a No. 15 national ranking, and in 2002 he was selected as a Regional All-American by the NSCAA.
During his college years Harkin also played for the Cape Cod Crusaders in the USL Premier Development League, helping the team win the PDL National Championship in 2002.
Professional
Harkin signed for Crystal Palace Baltimore prior to the team's inaugural season in 2007, and has been ever-present since then, making 50 appearances for the club in USL Second Division and U.S. Open Cup play, and helping the team to the post-season playoffs in 2008.
Harkin was no longer with the team by the time it folded after the club had separated ties with it's parent organization, Crystal Palace F.C.
Coaching
Harkin coached the women's varsity team at Mount St. Mary's University for three years while gaining an MBA in business.
On August 24, 2009, Harkin was named a volunteer assistant coach for the men's soccer team at Loyola University Maryland. In Fall of 2014, Harkin joined Tufts Men's Soccer coaching staff as an assistant coach. He helped the Jumbos to their first ever DIII National Championship in 2014, a Sweet Sixteen app |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20study%20of%20energy%20data | Energy statistics refers to collecting, compiling, analyzing and disseminating data on commodities such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, electricity, or renewable energy sources (biomass, geothermal, wind or solar energy), when they are used for the energy they contain. Energy is the capability of some substances, resulting from their physico-chemical properties, to do work or produce heat. Some energy commodities, called fuels, release their energy content as heat when they burn. This heat could be used to run an internal or external combustion engine.
The need to have statistics on energy commodities became obvious during the 1973 oil crisis that brought tenfold increase in petroleum prices. Before the crisis, to have accurate data on global energy supply and demand was not deemed critical. Another concern of energy statistics today is a huge gap in energy use between developed and developing countries. As the gap narrows (see picture), the pressure on energy supply increases tremendously.
The data on energy and electricity come from three principal sources:
Energy industry
Other industries ("self-producers")
Consumers
The flows of and trade in energy commodities are measured both in physical units (e.g., metric tons), and, when energy balances are calculated, in energy units (e.g., terajoules or tons of oil equivalent). What makes energy statistics specific and different from other fields of economic statistics is the fact that energy commodities undergo greater numb |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas%20alkanolytica | Pseudomonas alkanolytica is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces Coenzyme A. Because this organism is patented, it is not officially recognized as a legitimate Pseudomonas species, and therefore has no type strain. However, it is available through the American Type Culture Collection.
References
Pseudomonadales
Bacteria described in 1972 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Medd | Pete Medd is an American retired soccer player who was the president of Crystal Palace Baltimore. He also served as the team's co-manager along with Jim Cherneski from 2007 to 2009.
Youth
Pete Medd graduated from Middletown High School. He was the former Maryland State High School Player of the Year and led his team to the State Championship Title in 1993. In 1994, he entered Towson University where he played from 1994 to 1998. He was a four-year starter, regional first team selection and captain of Towson University. He helped lead Towson to a Division 1 Top 15 NCAA National Ranking.
Player
In 1999, Medd spent a single season with the Delaware Wizards of USISL but never featured in a game. He was also the 1999 First Round Draft Pick for the Baltimore Blast of the National Professional Soccer League. He only played in one game for the Blast during the 2000–2001 season.
Coach
In 1999, Medd became an assistant coach at Towson University, a position he held until 2001. That year, he moved to Essex Community College where he was the school's head coach. During his tenure, he led the team to a National Top 5 Ranking and was two time East Region Coach of the Year. In 2007, he was self-hired as the head coach of Crystal Palace Baltimore, a USL Second Division team associated with English club Crystal Palace F.C. The club discontinued operations in 2010.
References
1976 births
Living people
American soccer coaches
American men's soccer players
Baltimore Blast (NPSL) playe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%E2%80%9354%20Serie%20A | The 1953–54 Serie A season was won by Internazionale.
Teams
Genoa and Legnano had been promoted from Serie B.
Final classification
Results
Relegation tie-breaker
Played in Milan, Florence and Rome
Palermo relegated to Serie B.
Top goalscorers
References and sources
Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005
External links
- All results on RSSSF Website.
Serie A seasons
Italy
1953–54 in Italian football leagues |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20mental%20disorders | The classification of mental disorders, also known as psychiatric nosology or psychiatric taxonomy, is central to the practice of psychiatry and other mental health professions.
The two most widely used psychiatric classification systems are chapter V of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO); and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), produced by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Both systems list disorders thought to be distinct types, and in recent revisions the two systems have deliberately converged their codes so that their manuals are often broadly comparable, though differences remain. Both classifications employ operational definitions.
Other classification schemes, used more locally, include the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders.
Manuals of limited use, by practitioners with alternative theoretical persuasions, include the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual.
Definitions
In the scientific and academic literature on the definition or categorization of mental disorders, one extreme argues that it is entirely a matter of value judgments (including of what is normal) while another proposes that it is or could be entirely objective and scientific (including by reference to statistical norms); other views argue that the concept refers to a "fuzzy prototype" that can never be precisely defined, or that the definition will always in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Don%27t%20Know%20What%20Love%20Is | "You Don't Know What Love Is" is a popular song of the Great American Songbook, written by Don Raye (lyrics) and Gene de Paul (music) for the Abbott and Costello film Keep 'Em Flying (1941), in which it was sung by Carol Bruce. The song was deleted from the film prior to release. The song was later included in Behind the Eight Ball (1942), starring the Ritz Brothers. "You Don't Know What Love Is" was again sung by Carol Bruce; it was her third and final film until the 1980s.
After Miles Davis recorded an instrumental version of the song in 1954, it became a jazz standard, with Dinah Washington releasing the definitive vocal version a year later. Other noteworthy recordings were made by Billie Holiday and Sonny Rollins.
Other versions
Louis Armstrong
Chet Baker - Chet Baker Sings and Plays (1955)
Art Blakey - Art Blakey!!!!! Jazz Messengers!!!!! (1961)
John Coltrane - Ballads (1962)
Larry Coryell - Lady Coryell (1968)
Elvis Costello - Piano Jazz: McPartland/Costello (2005)
Miles Davis - Walkin' (1954)
Eric Dolphy - Last Date (1964)
Booker Ervin - Heavy! (1968)
Ella Fitzgerald - (1941)
Marvin Gaye - The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye (1961)
Benny Goodman
Al Haig - Al Haig Today (1964)
Roy Hargrove - Approaching Standards (1994)
Earl Hines with Billy Eckstine - (1941)
Billie Holiday
Freddie Hubbard - Outpost (1981)
Chrissie Hynde, of the Pretenders (2019)
Ahmad Jamal - Poinciana (1958)
Harry James
Etta Jones - So Warm (1961)
Thad Jones
Eric Kloss - Grits |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20game%20content%20rating%20system | A video game content rating system is a system used for the classification of video games based on suitability for target audiences. Most of these systems are associated with and/or sponsored by a government, and are sometimes part of the local motion picture rating system. The utility of such ratings has been called into question by studies that publish findings such as 90% of teenagers claim that their parents "never" check the ratings before allowing them to rent or buy video games, and as such, calls have been made to "fix" the existing rating systems. Video game content rating systems can be used as the basis for laws that cover the sales of video games to minors, such as in Australia. Rating checking and approval is part of the game localization when they are being prepared for their distribution in other countries or locales. These rating systems have also been used to voluntarily restrict sales of certain video games by stores, such as the German retailer Galeria Kaufhof's removal of all video games rated 18+ by the USK following the Winnenden school shooting.
Comparison table
A comparison of current video game rating systems, showing age on the horizontal axis. Note however that the specific criteria used in assigning a classification can vary widely from one country to another. Thus a color code or age range cannot be directly compared from one country to another.
Key:
White – No restrictions: Suitable for all ages / Aimed at young audiences / Exempt / Not ra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupriavidus | Cupriavidus is a genus of bacteria that includes the former genus Wautersia. They are characterized as Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped organisms with oxidative metabolism. They possess peritrichous flagella, are obligate aerobic organisms, and are chemoorganotrophic or chemolithotrophic. Resistance to metals (including copper) has been described. These organisms have been found in both soil and in clinical isolates.
References
External links
J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
Burkholderiaceae
Bacteria genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbaspirillum | Herbaspirillum is a genus of bacteria, including the nitrogen-fixing Herbaspirillum lusitanum.
Although usually found in soil environments, it has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets.
References
Burkholderiales
Bacteria genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1B | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B also known as CDw293 (cluster of differentiation w293) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMPR1B gene.
Function
BMPR1B is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis. These proteins transduce their signals through the formation of heteromeric complexes of 2 different types of serine (threonine) kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding.
The BMPR1B receptor plays a role in the formation of middle and proximal phalanges.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been associated with primary pulmonary hypertension.
In the chick embryo, it has been shown that BMPR1B is found in precartilaginous condensations. BMPR1B is the major transducer of signals in these condensations as demonstrated in experiments using constitutively active BMPR1B receptors. BMPR1B is a more effective transducer of GDF5 than BMPR1A. Unlike BMPR1A null mice, which die at an early embryonic stage, BMPR1B null mice are viable.
References
External links
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20Are%20You%20On%3F | What Are You On? is an album by East River Pipe, released in 2006.
Track listing
"What Does T.S. Eliot Know About You?" – 2:30
"Crystal Queen" – 2:29
"What Are You On?" – 2:02
"I'll Walk My Robot Home" – 3:09
"The Ultrabright Bitch" – 2:07
"Druglife" – 3:49
"Absolutely Nothing" – 2:12
"Dirty Carnival" – 3:06
"You Got Played, Little Girl" – 2:09
"Life Is a Landfill" – 2:57
"Shut Up and Row" – 2:17
"Trivial Things" – 2:25
"Some Dreams Can Kill You" – 5:19
References
2006 albums
East River Pipe albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer%20axon | Pioneer axon is the classification given to axons that are the first to grow in a particular region. They originate from pioneer neurons, and have the main function of laying down the initial growing path that subsequent growing axons, dubbed follower axons, from other neurons will eventually follow.
Several theories relating to the structure and function of pioneer axons are currently being explored. The first theory is that pioneer axons are specialized structures, and that they play a crucial role in guiding follower axons. The second is that pioneer axons are no different from follower axons, and that they play no role in guiding follower axons.
Anatomically, there are no differences between pioneer and follower axons, although there are morphological differences. The mechanisms of pioneer axons and their role in axon guidance is currently being explored. In addition, many studies are being conducted in model organisms, such grasshoppers, zebrafish, and fruit flies to study the effects of manipulations of pioneer axons on neuronal development.
History
Santiago Ramon y Cajal, considered the father of modern neuroscience, was one of the first to physically observe growing axons. Moreover, he observed that axons grew in a structured, guided manner. He advocated that axons were guided by chemotactic cues. Indeed, later experiments showed that in both invertebrate and vertebrate models, axons grew along pre-determined routes to create a reproducible scaffold of nerves.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Jean%20Robiquet | Pierre Jean Robiquet (13 January 1780 – 29 April 1840) was a French chemist. He laid founding work in identifying amino acids, the fundamental building blocks of proteins. He did this through recognizing the first of them, asparagine, in 1806, in the industry's adoption of industrial dyes, with the identification of alizarin in 1826, and in the emergence of modern medications, through the identification of codeine in 1832, an opiate alkaloid substance of widespread use with analgesic and antidiarrheal properties.
Robiquet was born in Rennes. He was at first a pharmacist in the French armies during the French Revolution years, and became a professor at the École de pharmacie in Paris, where he died.
Notable scientific achievements were among other things his isolation and characterization of properties of asparagine (the first amino acid to be identified, from asparagus, achieved. In 1806, with Louis Nicolas Vauquelin), cantharidin (1810), the sigma-1 receptor agonist noscapine (1817), caffeine (1821), alizarin (later on moved to mass industrial production by Carl Gräbe and Carl Theodore Liebermann in Germany, and by William Henry Perkin in Great Britain) and purpurin (1826), Orcin (1829), amygdalin (1830), as well as codeine (1832). Some of these discoveries were made in collaboration with other scientists.
Academic titles and distinctions
Registered Pharmacist (1808), lecturer in chemistry at the École Polytechnique (1811), Deputy Professor in History of pharmaceutical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20static%20timing%20analysis | Conventional static timing analysis (STA) has been a stock analysis algorithm for the design of digital circuits over the last 30 years. However, in recent years the increased variation in semiconductor devices and interconnect has introduced a number of issues that cannot be handled by traditional (deterministic) STA. This has led to considerable research into statistical static timing analysis, which replaces the normal deterministic timing of gates and interconnects with probability distributions, and gives a distribution of possible circuit outcomes rather than a single outcome.
Comparison with conventional STA
Deterministic STA is popular for good reasons:
It requires no vectors, so it does not miss paths.
The run time is linear in circuit size (for the basic algorithm).
The result is conservative.
It typically uses some fairly simple libraries (typically delay and output slope as a function of input slope and output load).
It is easy to extend to incremental operation for use in optimization.
STA, while very successful, has a number of limitations:
Cannot easily handle within-die correlation, especially if spatial correlation is included.
Needs many corners to handle all possible cases.
If there are significant random variations, then in order to be conservative at all times, it is too pessimistic to result in competitive products.
Changes to address various correlation problems, such as CPPR (Common Path Pessimism Removal) make the basic algorithm slower than line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasya%20Merzifon%20Airport | Merzifon Airport or Amasya Merzifon Airport is a military airport located in the city of Merzifon in the Amasya Province of Turkey.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
Military usage
Merzifon is the 5th Air Wing (Ana Jet Üs or AJÜ) of the 2nd Air Force Command (Hava Kuvvet Komutanligi) of the Turkish Air Force (Türk Hava Kuvvetleri). Other wings of this command are located in Malatya/Erhaç (LTAT), Diyarbakır (LTCC) and İncirlik (LTAG).
References
External links
Airports in Turkey
Turkish Air Force bases
Buildings and structures in Amasya Province
Transport in Amasya Province
Merzifon District |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadarite | Jadarite is a white, earthy monoclinic silicate mineral, sodium lithium boron silicate hydroxide (LiNaSiB3O7(OH) or Na2OLi2O(SiO2)2(B2O3)3H2O).
Discovery and classification
Jadarite was discovered in December 2004, in drill core from the Jadar Valley (, Jadar, pronounced /jadaɾ/) in Serbia, from which it is named. The find was located southwest of the Cer mountain. Findings were originally located in the villages of Jarebice and Slatina and later in Draginac.
Exploration geologists from Rio Tinto Exploration discovered the mineral as small rounded nodules in drill core, and were unable to match it with previously known minerals. Jadarite was confirmed as a new mineral after scientists at the Natural History Museum in London and the National Research Council of Canada conducted tests on it.
Commercialization
The mineral discovery may be commercially important because the mineral contains lithium and boron, both relatively rare industrially important elements. Lithium is used for lithium batteries; boron is used in alloys, ceramic, glasses, and other applications.
It was originally estimated that there are 200 million tons of the lithium borate ore, which would make the future Jadar mines one of the world's largest lithium deposits, supplying 10% of the world's demand for lithium. Later on, United States Geological Survey concluded that lithium supply is closer to 1.51% of world's demand for lithium. Of that, the Lower Jadar ore deposit has 114.5 million tons with an av |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinop%20Airport | Sinop Airport is an airport in Sinop, in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Airlines has daily flights from Istanbul. Tower and approach frequency is 126.300 MHz. The old runway of the airport was previously used by the US military base in Sinop. The IATA code has changed from SIC to NOP.
Airlines and destinations
Traffic Statistics
References
External links
Sinop
Airports in Turkey
Buildings and structures in Sinop Province
Transport in Sinop Province |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrintzi | Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the Northern Basque Country (Basque: Iparralde). The word irrintzi refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high-pitched scream used to express celebration or happiness.
The first known action of Irrintzi was sabotage in 2006 around Bayonne (including a bomb against the summer house of the French Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie). Since then, the organization has attacked railroads, tourist sites, and political party headquarters, mainly by bomb. The Monégasque chef Alain Ducasse, with a restaurant near Biarritz, was accused by Irrintzi of being a speculator and of "folklorising" the Basque Country, and was forced to leave the Basque Country due to the constant attacks that his restaurant suffered. Their declarations are usually closed by the slogan "Euskal Herria ez da salgai" (The Basque Country is not for sale). This calling card was found in more than 30 attacks against tourist targets during 2007.
References
External links
Irrintzi´s declaration of April 19th
Irrintzi´s second declaration of April 19th
Basque politics
Politics of France
Clandestine groups
Paramilitary organizations based in France
Northern Basque Country |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downhole%20safety%20valve | A downhole safety valve refers to a component on an oil and gas well, which acts as a failsafe to prevent the uncontrolled release of reservoir fluids in the event of a worst-case-scenario surface disaster. It is almost always installed as a vital component on the completion.
Operation
These valves are commonly uni-directional flapper valves which open downwards such that the flow of wellbore fluids tries to push it shut, while pressure from the surface pushes it open. This means that when closed, it will isolate the reservoir fluids from the surface.
Most downhole safety valves are controlled hydraulically from the surface, meaning they are opened using a hydraulic connection linked directly to a well control panel. When hydraulic pressure is applied down a control line, the hydraulic pressure forces a sleeve within the valve to slide downwards. This movement compresses a large spring and pushes the flapper downwards to open the valve. When hydraulic pressure is removed, the spring pushes the sleeve back up and causes the flapper to shut. In this way, it is failsafe and will isolate the wellbore in the event of a loss of the wellhead. The full designation for a typical valve is 'tubing retrievable, surface controlled, subsurface safety valve', abbreviated to TR-SCSSV.
Positioning
The location of the downhole safety valve within the completion is a precisely determined parameter intended to optimise safety. There are arguments against it either being too high or t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoschizomer | Neoschizomers are restriction enzymes that recognize the same nucleotide sequence as their prototype but cleave at a different site. In some special applications this is a very helpful feature.
For example:Prototype MaeII A^CGT produces DNA fragments with a 2-base 5' extension
Neoschizomer TaiI ACGT^ produces DNA fragments with a 4-base 3' extension
Prototype ApaI GGGCC^C produces DNA fragments with a 4-base 3' extension
Neoschizomer Bsp120I G^GGCCC produces DNA fragments with a 4-base 5' extension
There are also other pairs of neoschizomers.
Neoschizomers are a subset of isoschizomers.
References
Rebase restriction enzyme database, http://rebase.neb.com/rebase/
See also
Restriction enzymes
pl:Izoschizomery |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neato | Neato may refer to:
Neato (spider), a genus of spider
The command line tool, part of the Graphviz software package
Neato Robotics, manufacturer of robotic vacuum cleaners
Northeast Asia Treaty Organization, the proposed military alliance organization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovian%20arrival%20process | In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a Markovian arrival process (MAP or MArP) is a mathematical model for the time between job arrivals to a system. The simplest such process is a Poisson process where the time between each arrival is exponentially distributed.
The processes were first suggested by Marcel F. Neuts in 1979.
Definition
A Markov arrival process is defined by two matrices, D0 and D1 where elements of D0 represent hidden transitions and elements of D1 observable transitions. The block matrix Q below is a transition rate matrix for a continuous-time Markov chain.
The simplest example is a Poisson process where D0 = −λ and D1 = λ where there is only one possible transition, it is observable, and occurs at rate λ. For Q to be a valid transition rate matrix, the following restrictions apply to the Di
Special cases
Phase-type renewal process
The phase-type renewal process is a Markov arrival process with phase-type distributed sojourn between arrivals. For example, if an arrival process has an interarrival time distribution PH with an exit vector denoted , the arrival process has generator matrix,
Generalizations
Batch Markov arrival process
The batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP) is a generalisation of the Markovian arrival process by allowing more than one arrival at a time. The homogeneous case has rate matrix,
An arrival of size occurs every time a transition occurs in the sub-matrix . Sub-matrices have e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicicol | Radicicol, also known as monorden, is a natural product that binds to Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) and alters its function. HSP90 client proteins play important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell growth, cell survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis and oncogenesis.
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of Radicicol has been best studied in Pochonia chlamydosporia, in which the majority of the core structure is produced in vivo through iterative type I polyketide synthases. This structure produced is the earliest intermediate in the radicicol biosynthesis, monocillin II. This intermediate is transformed to radicicol through halogenation and epoxide formation performed by RadH and RadP respectively. These enzymes are coded by the genes Rdc2 and Rdc4 in the pathway, and removing either of these results in a product that has the monocillin II core, but does not have either the epoxide or halogen added.
See also
Geldanamycin
References
Further reading
Review of the chemistry and biology of resorcylic acid lactones, including radicicol.
Epoxides
Macrolides
Halogen-containing natural products
Polyketides
Chloroarenes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardmask | A hardmask is a material used in semiconductor processing as an etch mask instead of a polymer or other organic "soft" resist material.
Hardmasks are necessary when the material being etched is itself an organic polymer. Anything used to etch this material will also etch the photoresist being used to define its patterning since that is also an organic polymer. This arises, for instance, in the patterning of low-κ dielectric insulation layers used in VLSI fabrication. Polymers tend to be etched easily by oxygen, fluorine, chlorine and other reactive gases used in plasma etching.
Use of a hardmask involves an additional deposition process, and hence additional cost. First, the hardmask material is deposited and etched into the required pattern using a standard photoresist process. Following that the underlying material can be etched through the hardmask. Finally the hardmask is removed with a further etching process.
Hardmask materials can be metal or dielectric. Silicon based masks such as silicon dioxide or silicon carbide are usually used for etching low-κ dielectrics. However, SiOCH (carbon doped hydrogenated silicon oxide), a material used to insulate copper interconnects, requires an etchant that attacks silicon compounds. For this material, metal or amorphous carbon hardmasks are used. The most common metal for hardmasks is titanium nitride, but tantalum nitride has also been used.
References
Bibliography
Shi, Hualing; Shamiryan, Denis; de Marneffe, Jea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipiduria | Lipiduria or lipuria is the presence of lipids in the urine. Lipiduria is most frequently observed in nephrotic syndrome where it is passed as lipoproteins along with other proteins. It has also been reported as a sign following fat embolism.
When lipiduria occurs, epithelial cells or macrophages contain endogenous fats. When filled with numerous fat droplets, such cells are called oval fat bodies. Oval fat bodies exhibit a "Maltese cross" configuration under polarized light microscopy. The Maltese cross appearance occurs because of its liquid-crystalline structure giving it a double refraction (birefringence).
See also
Urostealith
References
Urine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD58 | CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs), particularly macrophages, and other tissue cells.
CD58 binds to CD2 (LFA-2) on T cells and is important in strengthening the adhesion and recognition between the T cells and Professional Antigen Presenting Cells, facilitating signal transduction necessary for an immune response. This adhesion occurs as part of the transitory initial encounters between T cells and Antigen Presenting Cells before T cell activation, when T cells are roaming the lymph nodes looking at the surface of APCs for peptide:MHC complexes the T-cell receptors are reactive to.
Polymorphisms in the CD58 gene are associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis. Genomic region containing the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1335532, associated with high risk of multiple sclerosis, has enhancer properties and can significantly boost the CD58 promoter activity in lymphoblast cells. The protective (C) rs1335532 allele creates functional binding site for ASCL2 transcription factor, a target of the Wnt signaling pathway.
CD58 plays a role in the regulation of colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs). Thus, cells that express CD58 have become a cell of interest in tumorigenesis. Mutations of CD58 have been linked to immune evasion observed in some lymphomas and studies are underway to analyze how its involvement directly affects classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).
Introduct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas%20paucimobilis | Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a strictly aerobic Gram-negative bacterium that has a single polar flagellum with slow motility. The cell size is around 0.7 x 1.4 μm. It is usually found in soil. As with the other members of the genus, its biochemistry is remarkable in possession of ubiquinone 10 as its major respiratory quinone, and of glycosphingolipids instead of lipopolysaccharides in its cell envelope. It has been implicated in various types of clinical infections.
S. paucimobilis is able to degrade lignin-related biphenyl chemical compounds.
References
External links
Type strain of Sphingomonas paucimobilis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
paucimobilis
Bacteria described in 1977 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%27s%20third%20theorem | In the mathematics of Lie theory, Lie's third theorem states that every finite-dimensional Lie algebra over the real numbers is associated to a Lie group . The theorem is part of the Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence.
Historically, the third theorem referred to a different but related result. The two preceding theorems of Sophus Lie, restated in modern language, relate to the infinitesimal transformations of a group action on a smooth manifold. The third theorem on the list stated the Jacobi identity for the infinitesimal transformations of a local Lie group. Conversely, in the presence of a Lie algebra of vector fields, integration gives a local Lie group action. The result now known as the third theorem provides an intrinsic and global converse to the original theorem.
Historical notes
The equivalence between the category of simply connected real Lie groups and finite-dimensional real Lie algebras is usually called (in the literature of the second half of 20th century) Cartan's or the Cartan-Lie theorem as it was proved by Élie Cartan. Sophus Lie had previously proved the infinitesimal version: local solvability of the Maurer-Cartan equation, or the equivalence between the category of finite-dimensional Lie algebras and the category of local Lie groups.
Lie listed his results as three direct and three converse theorems. The infinitesimal variant of Cartan's theorem was essentially Lie's third converse theorem. In an influential book Jean-Pierre Serre called it the t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkholderia%20glumae | Burkholderia glumae is a Gram-negative, soil-borne, betaproteobacterium.
Genome
Of all bacteria with the necessary sequence data available, B. glumae has the highest number of prophages (bacteriophages integrated into its genome).
References
External links
Louisiana Agriculture, Summer 2011, Vol. 54, pp. 16/17
Texas Rice, September 2010, Vol. X, pp. 3/8
Type strain of Burkholderia glumae at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Burkholderiaceae
Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
Rice diseases
Bacteria described in 1994 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic%20organization | The hereditary material i.e. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of an organism is composed of a sequence of four nucleotides in a specific pattern, which encodes information as a function of their order. Genomic organization refers to the linear order of DNA elements and their division into chromosomes. "Genome organization" can also refer to the 3D structure of chromosomes and the positioning of DNA sequences within the nucleus.
Description
Organisms have a vast array of ways in which their respective genomes are organized. A comparison of the genomic organization of six major model organisms shows size expansion with the increase of complexity of the organism. There is a more than the 300-fold difference between the genome sizes of yeast and mammals, but only a modest 4- to 5-fold increase in overall gene number (see the figure on the right). However, the ratio of coding to noncoding and repetitive sequences is indicative of the complexity of the genome: The largely "open" genomes of unicellular fungi have relatively little noncoding DNA compared with the highly heterochromatic genomes of multicellular organisms.
In particular, mammals have accumulated considerable repetitive elements and noncoding regions, which account for the majority of their DNA sequences (52% non-coding and 44% repetitive DNA). Only 1.2% of the mammalian genome thus encodes for protein function. This massive expansion of repetitive and noncoding sequences in multicellular organisms is most likely due to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Siegel | Martha Jochnowitz Siegel is an American applied mathematician, probability theorist and mathematics educator who served as the editor of Mathematics Magazine from 1991 to 1996. In 2017 she won the Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service of the Mathematical Association of America for "her remarkable leadership in guiding the national conversation on undergraduate mathematics curriculum". She was a faculty member in the mathematics department of Towson University from 1971 until 2015, when she became a professor emerita.
Education and career
Siegel grew up in Brooklyn, the daughter of civil engineer Nat Jochnowitz. She became interested in mathematics through her father's interest in mathematical puzzles, and through the calculation of baseball statistics for the Brooklyn Dodgers. She did her undergraduate studies in mathematics at Russell Sage College, a small women's college in Troy, New York, while also taking classes at the nearby men-only Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, as at that time Russell Sage had no mathematics department. At Russell Sage, she was a Kellas honor student, and president of the science club. She completed her Ph.D. in 1969 at the University of Rochester; her dissertation, On Birth and Death Processes, was supervised by Johannes Kemperman. During graduate school and until her 1971 move to Towson, she was on the faculty at Goucher College.
Contributions
At Towson, in 1981, Siegel founded an innovative and still-ongoing unde |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylobacterium | Methylobacterium is a genus of Hyphomicrobiales.
As well as its normal habitats in soil and water, Methylobacterium has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets. In March 2021, a new species, named Methylobacterium ajmalii, associated with three new strains, designated IF7SW-B2T, IIF1SW-B5, and IIF4SW-B5, were reported to have been discovered, for the first time, on the International Space Station.
Natural genetic transformation
Natural genetic transformation in bacteria is a process involving transfer of DNA from one cell to another through the intervening medium, and the integration of the donor sequence into the recipient genome by homologous recombination. Methylobacterium organophilum cells are able to undergo genetic transformation and become competent for DNA uptake near the end of the exponential growth phase.
Species
Methylobacterium comprises the following species:
Methylobacterium adhaesivum Gallego et al. 2006
Methylobacterium aerolatum Weon et al. 2008
Methylobacterium ajmalii Bijlani et al. 2021,
Methylobacterium aquaticum Gallego et al. 2005
Methylobacterium brachiatum Kato et al. 2008
Methylobacterium brachythecii Tani and Sahin 2013
Methylobacterium bullatum Hoppe et al. 2012
Methylobacterium cerastii Wellner et al. 2012
Methylobacterium crusticola Jia et al. 2020
Methylobacterium currus Park et al. 2018
Methylobacterium dankookense |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94-Catenin | δ-Catenin is a subfamily of catenin proteins with ten armadillo-repeats and includes the proteins catenin delta-1 and catenin delta-2. Catenin delta-2 is expressed in the brain where it is important for normal cognitive development. Like β-catenin and γ-catenin, δ-catenins seem to interact with presenilins. These catenin-presenilin interaction have implications for cadherin function and regulation of cell-to-cell adhesion.
While β-catenin acts as a transcription regulatory protein in the Wnt/TCF pathway, delta-1 catenin has been implicated as a regulator of the NF-κB transcription factor.
Palmitoylation of δ-catenin seems to coordinate activity-dependent changes in synaptic adhesion molecules, synapse structure, and receptor localizations that are involved in memory formation.
References
See also
Catenin
CTNND1
Catenins
Armadillo-repeat-containing proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Catenin | α-Catenin (alpha-catenin) functions as the primary protein link between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that the actin binding proteins vinculin and α-actinin can bind to alpha-catenin. It has been suggested that alpha-catenin does not bind with high affinity to both actin filaments and the E-cadherin-beta-catenin complex at the same time. It has been observed that when α-catenin is not in a molecular complex with β-catenin, it dimerizes and functions to regulate actin filament assembly, possibly by competing with Arp2/3 protein. α-Catenin exhibits significant protein dynamics. However, a protein complex including a cadherin, actin, β-catenin and α-catenin has not been isolated.
The amino acid sequence of α-catenin has sequence similarity to that of vinculin.
Types
Three α-catenin genes are expressed in humans:
CTNNA1, alpha-1-catenin (also called alpha-E-catenin)
CTNNA2, alpha-2-catenin (also called alpha-N-catenin)
CTNNA3, alpha-3-catenin (also called alpha-T-catenin)
History
In the 1980s, embryonic carcinoma cells were used to describe a 102kD glycoprotein that potentially interacted with E-cadherin and other cytoskeletal complexes.1-3 It would later be known that this protein was in fact α-catenin. Its direct relationship with cytoskeletal components was not reported until almost a decade later.4 From 1994-1996, the characterization of interaction domains between α-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin were defined.
In parallel, from th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago%20Fusilier | Santiago Fusilier (born December 12, 1983) is an Argentinian former soccer player who played as a midfielder and was most famous for his time with Crystal Palace Baltimore. Santiago was the ACC Freshman Player of the Year in 2003. He was one of the best players in NC State, being named All-ACC in 2005, 2006 and 2007. He had the winning goal against UNC when they were ranked number 1 in the nation which led the Wolfpack to win the ACC championship. Fusilier was the fan favorite player voted when playing for the Carolina Railhawks in 2007 and 2008. He was voted the offensive player of the year in 2008, where he led the team in points with 6 goals and 8 assists.
Career
College and Amateur
Fusilier came from his native Argentina to the United States in 2003 to play college soccer at North Carolina State University. He was named to the ACC's All-Freshman Team in his debut year, and finished his college career with over 50 appearances for the Wolfpack over the course of his four years at the school.
During his college years Fusilier also played for Raleigh Elite in the USL Premier Development League, where he was coached by future Carolina RailHawks coaches Scott Schweitzer and Damon Nahas.
Professional
Fusilier turned professional in 2007 when he signed with the expansion Carolina RailHawks of the USL First Division. He played 68 games and scored 16 goals for the RailHawks in his two seasons with the club, before being released at the end of the 2010 season. Santiago was trade |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab%20escort%20protein%201 | Rab escort protein 1 (REP1) also known as rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHM gene.
Function
This gene encodes component A of the RAB geranylgeranyl transferase holoenzyme. In the dimeric holoenzyme, this subunit binds unprenylated Rab GTPases and then presents them to the catalytic Rab GGTase subunit for the geranylgeranyl transfer reaction. Rab GTPases need to be on either one or two cysteine residues in their C-terminus to localize to the correct intracellular membrane.
Interactions
CHM (gene) has been shown to interact with RAB1A, RAB7A and RAB3A.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene are a cause of choroideremia; also known as tapetochoroidal dystrophy (TCD). This X-linked disease is characterized by progressive dystrophy of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium and retina.
See also
Rab (G-protein)
References
Further reading
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Choroideremia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHL1 | Neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein also known as close homolog of L1 (CHL1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHL1 gene.
CHL1 is a cell adhesion molecule closely related to the L1. In melanocytic cells CHL1 gene expression may be regulated by MITF, and can act as a helicase protein during the interphase stage of mitosis.
The protein, however, has dynamic localisation, meaning that it has not only multiple roles in the cell, but also various locations.
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondatrini | Ondatrini is a tribe of semiaquatic rodents in the family Arvicolinae. They are known as muskrats. They are related to voles and lemmings.
Classification
It contains two extant species, each in their own genus, both of which are native to North America:
Genus Neofiber
Round-tailed muskrat, N. alleni
Genus Ondatra
Muskrat, O. zibethicus
Of these, the muskrat (O. zibethicus) is found throughout North America aside from the warmer or drier regions, and has been introduced to Eurasia. The round-tailed muskrat (N. alleni) is only found in Florida and adjacent Georgia, just outside of the range of O. zibethicus. Some authorities place both genera in different tribes (Ondatrini for Ondatra, Neofibrini for Neofiber), but the American Society of Mammalogists places both in Ondatrini, and some molecular evidence supports a close relation between both genera. Some phylogenetic evidence indicates that Balkan snow vole (Dinaromys bogdanovi) may also be a member of the Ondatrini, but this is uncertain and it is still classified in the Pliomyini by the ASM.
Evolution
Ondatrini likely descends from a lineage of Siberian voles that invaded North America about 5 million years ago. The earliest fossils from this tribe are of fossil Ondatra from the early Pliocene. The Pliocene fossil taxa Ogmodontomys and Cosomys, both from North America, are likely also members of this tribe. The Plio-Pleistocene fossil taxa Dolomys, Pliomys (of the tribe Pliomyini) and Kislangia from Eurasia have al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzylpiperazine | Dibenzylpiperazine (DBZP) is a piperazine derivative often found as an impurity in the recreational stimulant drug benzylpiperazine (BZP). Presence of DBZP is a marker for low quality or badly made BZP. It can be made as a reaction byproduct during BZP synthesis, either because the reaction has been run at too high a temperature, or because an excess of benzyl chloride has been used.
Pharmacology and effects
It is not known to have any stimulant effects in its own right, although this has not been tested.
Toxicity
The toxicity of DBZP is unknown.
Legal status
China
As of October 2015 DBZP is a controlled substance in China.
United States
DBZP is not scheduled as a controlled substance at the federal level in the United States. It is possible that it could be considered an analog BZP, in which case, sales or possession intended for human consumption could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act.
Florida
DBZP is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Florida making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess in Florida.
See also
Substituted piperazine
References
Piperazines
Designer drugs
Benzyl compounds |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Kavanagh | Karen L. Kavanagh is a professor of physics at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, where she heads the Kavanagh Lab, a research lab working on semiconductor nanoscience.
Education
Kavanagh obtained a BSc in Chemical-Physics from Queen's University in 1978, followed by 3 years at Bell Northern Research in Ottawa in their Advanced Technology Laboratory. She received her PhD in Materials Science and Engineering in 1987 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
Career
After post doctoral work at IBM and MIT, Kavanagh accepted a faculty position in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. at the University of California, San Diego. She has been at Simon Fraser University since 2000.
Her main field of interest is electronic materials science – studying the effects of defects on the properties of semiconductor materials and devices. She has worked on strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched semiconductor heterostructures, diffusion barriers and electrical contacts for silicon and III-V semiconductor based devices, epitaxial growth and nucleation, and electron transport through thin films and interfaces. Her work on characterization tools including electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering, x-ray diffraction, and scanning probe microscopy.
She is a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and is the author of over 200 journal papers and conference proceedings, as shown on ORCID.
Awards
Vancouver YWCA Women of Distinction Award (2006)
NSERC Universit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunPower | SunPower Corporation is an American provider of photovoltaic solar energy generation systems and battery energy storage products, primarily for residential customers. The company, headquartered in San Jose, California, was founded in 1985 by Richard Swanson, an electrical engineering professor from Stanford University. Cypress Semiconductor bought a majority interest in the company in 2002, growing it quickly until SunPower went public in 2005. TotalEnergies, a French energy and oil company purchased a controlling interest in SunPower for billion in 2011.
The company previously developed and manufactured photovoltaic panels, before spinning off that part of its business in 2020 as Maxeon Solar Technologies. The company had also previously marketed its products to commercial and industrial customers before agreeing to sell that business line to TotalEnergies in February 2022.
History
Early history
SunPower was founded on April 24, 1985, by Richard Swanson, who was a Stanford University professor focused on electrical engineering. Swanson studied solar power efficiency in the Stanford Electronics Laboratory with funding from research grants. After breaking a record for solar power efficiency in lab conditions, he took a sabbatical to start SunPower and commercialize the technology. Initially, the company was called Eos and was funded with $2,000 in savings between Swanson and his friend Richard Crane. In 1989, Robert Lorenzini invested in the company, became its chairman, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis%20Solar%20Power%20Plant | The Nellis Solar Power Plant is a 14-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station located within Nellis Air Force Base in Clark County, Nevada, northeast of Las Vegas. The power plant was inaugurated in a ceremony on December 17, 2007, with Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons activating its full operation. On average, it has since generated 32 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually and supplied more than 25% of the power used at the base.
Occupying of land leased from the Air Force at the northeastern corner of the base, this ground-mounted solar system employs an advanced sun tracking system, designed and deployed by SunPower. The system contains approximately 70,000 solar panels, and the peak power generation capacity of the plant is approximately 13 MWAC. This means the ratio of average to peak output, or capacity factor, of this plant is around 22%.
The energy generated will support more than 12,000 military and civilians at Nellis who are responsible for Air Force advanced combat training, tactics development and operational testing. Construction began on April 23, 2007, and operation of the first 5 MW began on October 12, 2007.
Economics
Under the terms of the Power Purchase Agreement, MMA Renewable Ventures, who own the panels, is leasing the land at no cost and Nellis is agreeing to buy the power for 20 years at about 2.2 cents/kW·h, instead of the 9 cents they are paying to Nevada Power, saving the Air Force $1 million each year. None of the $100 million cost came from the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibutyltryptamine | N,N-Dibutyltryptamine (DBT) is a psychedelic drug belonging to the tryptamine family. It is found either as its crystalline hydrochloride salt or as an oily or crystalline base. DBT was first synthesized by the chemist Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines i Have Known And Loved). Shulgin did not test DBT himself, but reports a human dosage of "1 mg/kg i.m." being active, but less so than DMT or DET. This suggests that an active dosage of DBT will be in the 100 mg range. This compound has been sold as a "research chemical" and has been confirmed to be an active hallucinogen although somewhat weaker than other similar tryptamine derivatives. It produces a head-twitch response in mice.
There are four symmetrical isomers of DBT which can be made, or ten isomers in total if unsymmetrical substitution is used. Of these only the n-butyl analogue DBT is known to be active in humans; the isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl isomers DIBT, DSBT and DTBT have never been tested and only DBT and DIBT were made by Shulgin.
The unsymmetrical isomers BIBT, BSBT, BTBT, IBSBT, IBTBT and SBTBT are also possible but have never been made and no predictions have been made about their activity. Shulgin speculates that the s-butyl isomer DSBT may be more potent than the straight chain compound DBT, but that the more highly branched DIBT and DTBT would probably be inactive due to the bulk of the substituent group. As for longer chain compounds than butyl, they have not been |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C45 | C45 or C-45 may refer to:
Beech C-45 Expeditor, an American military transport aircraft
C4.5 algorithm, used to generate a decision tree
C45 road (Namibia)
Caldwell 45, a spiral galaxy
Cannabis Act introduced as Bill C-45 to the Parliament of Canada
EADS/Northrop Grumman KC-45, a cancelled air refueling aircraft for the US Air Force
Scotch Game, a chess opening
Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 of the International Labour Organization
Ursus C-45, a Polish tractor
C45, a variant of Claridge Hi-Tec/Goncz Pistol rifle
C45, a 45-minute audio Compact Cassette tape
C45 Scaphandre Autonome, vintage scuba equipment |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi%20Junction%20railway%20station | Delhi Junction railway station is the oldest railway station in Old Delhi, Delhi, India. It is one of the busiest railway stations in India in terms of frequency. Around 250 trains start, end, or pass through the station daily. It was established near Chandni Chowk in 1864 when trains from , Calcutta started operating up to Delhi. Its present building was constructed by the British Indian government in the style of the nearby Red Fort and opened in 1903. It has been an important railway station of the country and preceded the by about 60 years. Chandni Chowk station of the Delhi Metro is located near it.
History
The station started with a broad gauge train from Calcutta in 1864. Metre-gauge track from Delhi to Rewari and further to Ajmer was laid in 1873 by Rajputana State Railway and metre-gauge trains from this station started in 1876.
The present building of the station was built in 1900 and opened for the public in 1903. Started with just 2 platforms and 1000 passengers, Delhi railway station now handles more than 180,000 passengers and around 190 trains starts, ends, or passes through the station daily.
In 1904 the Agra–Delhi line was opened. Delhi then was a part of six railway systems. East Indian Railway, North-Western Railway, and Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway entered from crossing the Yamuna river. Delhi–Panipat–Ambala Cantonment– Railway ran northwards from Delhi, and the Rajputana–Malwa Railway traversed the Delhi district for a short distance in the direction |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20G.%20Marshall | Alan G. Marshall is an American analytical chemist who has devoted his scientific career to developing a scientific technique known as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry, which he co-invented.
He was born in Bluffton, Ohio, in 1944, and earned his bachelor's in chemistry from Northwestern University (1965) and Ph.D. in chemistry from Stanford University (1970). His first academic appointment was at the University of British Columbia. In 1980, he moved to the Ohio State University where he remained until 1993.
He is the Robert O. Lawton Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Florida State University and director of the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.
He is a fellow of the American Chemical Society, American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and has received numerous awards, including the 2000 Thomson Medal given by the International Mass Spectrometry Foundation; the 2007 Chemical Pioneer Award, given by the American Institute of Chemists; the 2012 William H. Nichols Medal, given by the New York Section of the American Chemical Society; and the 2012 Pittsburgh Analytical Chemistry Award, given by the Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh.
See also
Petroleomics
External links
Florida State University faculty profile
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Profile
Florida State University faculty
21st-century American chemists
Living |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Jodar | Jean-François Jodar (born 2 December 1949) is a retired French footballer and manager.
External links
Profile, statistics and pictures
Profile, statistics and pictures
1949 births
Living people
People from Montereau-Fault-Yonne
French men's footballers
France men's international footballers
Stade de Reims players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
Olympique Lyonnais players
French football managers
Hassania Agadir managers
FC Montceau Bourgogne players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations managers
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Seine-et-Marne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublecortin | Neuronal migration protein doublecortin, also known as doublin or lissencephalin-X is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCX gene.
Function
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed by neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons in embryonic and adult cortical structures. Neuronal precursor cells begin to express DCX while actively dividing, and their neuronal daughter cells continue to express DCX for 2–3 weeks as the cells mature into neurons. Downregulation of DCX begins after 2 weeks, and occurs at the same time that these cells begin to express NeuN, a neuronal marker.
Due to the nearly exclusive expression of DCX in developing neurons, this protein has been used increasingly as a marker for neurogenesis. Indeed, levels of DCX expression increase in response to exercise, and that increase occurs in parallel with increased BrdU labeling, which is currently a "gold standard" in measuring neurogenesis.
Doublecortin was found to bind to the microtubule cytoskeleton. In vivo and in vitro assays show that Doublecortin stabilizes microtubules and causes bundling. Doublecortin is a basic protein with an iso-electric point of 10 typical of microtubule-binding proteins.
Knock out mouse
In mice where the Doublecortin gene has been knocked out, cortical layers are still correctly formed. However, the hippocampi of these mice show disorganisation in the CA3 region. The normally single layer of pyramidal cells in mutants is seen as a double lay |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal-gamma%20distribution | In probability theory and statistics, the normal-gamma distribution (or Gaussian-gamma distribution) is a bivariate four-parameter family of continuous probability distributions. It is the conjugate prior of a normal distribution with unknown mean and precision.
Definition
For a pair of random variables, (X,T), suppose that the conditional distribution of X given T is given by
meaning that the conditional distribution is a normal distribution with mean and precision — equivalently, with variance
Suppose also that the marginal distribution of T is given by
where this means that T has a gamma distribution. Here λ, α and β are parameters of the joint distribution.
Then (X,T) has a normal-gamma distribution, and this is denoted by
Properties
Probability density function
The joint probability density function of (X,T) is
Marginal distributions
By construction, the marginal distribution of is a gamma distribution, and the conditional distribution of given is a Gaussian distribution. The marginal distribution of is a three-parameter non-standardized Student's t-distribution with parameters .
Exponential family
The normal-gamma distribution is a four-parameter exponential family with natural parameters and natural statistics .
Moments of the natural statistics
The following moments can be easily computed using the moment generating function of the sufficient statistic:
where is the digamma function,
Scaling
If then for any is distributed as
Posterior di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy%20A.%20Cross | Timothy A. Cross is an American academic chemist who specializes in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, membrane and computational biophysics, and biomathematics. He is a professor of chemistry at Florida State University and the Director of the NMR Program at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. His research focuses on the sets of proteins that are important for the pharmaceutical industry in the treatment of diseases such as the flu (Influenza A) and tuberculosis.
External links
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory faculty profile
FSU Faculty profile on Timothy Cross' research
Florida State University faculty
21st-century American chemists
Living people
Computational chemists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20M.%20Gilbert | David M. Gilbert is an American molecular biologist, known for work in DNA replication. He is an investigator at the San Diego Biomedical Research Institute. Gilbert was formerly a professor of molecular biology in the Department of Biological Science and was co-founder and a director of the Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine at Florida State University.
Education and career
Gilbert received his BA degrees in Biochemistry/Cell Biology and Philosophy from the University of California, San Diego and his PhD in Genetics from Stanford University. He did two post-doctoral training periods, first as an EMBO fellow with Pierre Chambon in Strasbourg, France, studying transcriptional control, and second as a Roche fellow with Melvin DePamphilis studying replication origin recognition.
He joined the faculty at State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University in 1994 and was appointed full professor in 2003. In 2006, he moved to Florida State University. He was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2008, as well as becoming a member of the American Society of Hematology in 2013 and the International Society for Stem Cell Research in 2014. Gilbert's other awards include being named Florida State University Distinguished Research Professor (2015), the Pfeiffer Endowed Professorship for Cancer Research (2015), and the Florida State University Graduate Mentorship award (2016).
Gilbert’s work focuses on the mechan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne%27s%20laws | Mersenne's laws are laws describing the frequency of oscillation of a stretched string or monochord, useful in musical tuning and musical instrument construction.
Overview
The equation was first proposed by French mathematician and music theorist Marin Mersenne in his 1636 work Harmonie universelle. Mersenne's laws govern the construction and operation of string instruments, such as pianos and harps, which must accommodate the total tension force required to keep the strings at the proper pitch. Lower strings are thicker, thus having a greater mass per length. They typically have lower tension. Guitars are a familiar exception to this: string tensions are similar, for playability, so lower string pitch is largely achieved with increased mass per length. Higher-pitched strings typically are thinner, have higher tension, and may be shorter. "This result does not differ substantially from Galileo's, yet it is rightly known as Mersenne's law," because Mersenne physically proved their truth through experiments (while Galileo considered their proof impossible). "Mersenne investigated and refined these relationships by experiment but did not himself originate them". Though his theories are correct, his measurements are not very exact, and his calculations were greatly improved by Joseph Sauveur (1653–1716) through the use of acoustic beats and metronomes.
Equations
The natural frequency is:
a) Inversely proportional to the length of the string (the law of Pythagoras),
b) Proporti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeutrAvidin | NeutrAvidin protein is a deglycosylated version of chicken avidin, with a mass of approximately 60,000 daltons. As a result of carbohydrate removal, lectin binding is reduced to undetectable levels, yet biotin binding affinity is retained because the carbohydrate is not necessary for this activity. Avidin has a high pI but NeutrAvidin has a near-neutral pI (pH 6.3), minimizing non-specific interactions with the negatively-charged cell surface or with DNA/RNA. Neutravidin still has lysine residues that remain available for derivatization or conjugation.
Like avidin itself, NeutrAvidin is a tetramer with a strong affinity for biotin (Kd = 10−15 M). In biochemical applications, streptavidin, which also binds very tightly to biotin, may be used interchangeably with NeutrAvidin.
Avidin immobilized onto solid supports is also used as purification media to capture biotin-labelled protein or nucleic acid molecules. For example, cell surface proteins can be specifically labelled with membrane-impermeable biotin reagent, then specifically captured using a NeutrAvidin support.
References
Bayer, Ed: "The Avidin-Biotin Complex", Dept. of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Y. Hiller, J.M. Gershoni, E.A. Bayer, M. Wilchek Biochem. J., 248 (1987), pp. 167–171
E.A. Bayer, F. De Meester, T. Kulik, M. Wilchek Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 53 (1995), pp. 1–9
A.T. Marttilaa et al. FEBS Letters 467 (2000), pp. 31–36 Recombinant NeutraLite Avidin: a non-glycosylated, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-isoaspartyl%20methyltransferase | Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT, PCMT), also called S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase, is an enzyme which recognizes and catalyzes the repair of damaged L-isoaspartyl and D-aspartyl groups in proteins. It is a highly conserved enzyme which is present in nearly all eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and Gram-negative eubacteria.
Function
PIMT acts to transfer methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the alpha side chain carboxyl groups of damaged L-isoaspartyl and D-aspartyl amino acids. The enzyme takes the end methyl residue from the methionine side chain and adds it to the side chain carboxyl group of L-isoaspartate or D-aspartate to create a methyl ester. Subsequent nonenzymatic reactions result in a rapid transformation to L-succinimide, which is a precursor to aspartate and isoaspartate. The L-succinimide can then undergo nonenzymatic hydrolysis, which generates some repaired L-aspartyl residues as well as some L-isoaspartyl residues, which can then enter the cycle again for eventual conversion to the normal peptide linkage.
PIMT tends to act on proteins that have been non-enzymatically damaged due to age. By performing this repair mechanism, the enzyme helps to maintain overall protein integrity. This mechanism has been observed by several groups, and has been confirmed through experimental testing. In one report, PIMT was inhibited by adenosine dialdehyde. The results supported the proposed function of the enzyme, as the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB | Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial (TP-beta) also known as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, or beta-ketothiolase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HADHB gene.
HADHB is a subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein and has thiolase activity.
Structure
The HADHB gene is located on chromosome 2, with its specific location being 2p23. The gene contains 17 exons. HADHB encodes a 51.2 kDa protein that is composed of 474 amino acids; 124 peptides have been observed through mass spectrometry data.
Function
This gene encodes the beta subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein, a catalyst of mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. The HADHB protein catalyzes the final step of beta-oxidation, in which 3-ketoacyl CoA is cleaved by the thiol group of another molecule of Coenzyme A. The thiol is inserted between C-2 and C-3, which yields an acetyl CoA molecule and an acyl CoA molecule, which is two carbons shorter.
The encoded protein can also bind RNA and decreases the stability of some mRNAs. The genes of the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein are located adjacent to each other in the human genome in a head-to-head orientation.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene, along with mutations in HADHA, result in trifunctional protein deficiency. Mutations in either gene have similar clinical presentations. Trifunctional protein deficiency is characterized by decreased acti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-HO-DBT | 4-Hydroxy-N,N-dibutyltryptamine (4-HO-DBT) is a psychedelic drug belonging to the tryptamine family. It is found either as its crystalline hydrochloride salt or as an oily or crystalline base. 4-HO-DBT was first made by the chemist Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book TiHKAL. Shulgin reported a dosage of 20 mg orally to be without effects. However this compound has subsequently been sold as a "research chemical" and anecdotal reports suggest that at higher doses 4-HO-DBT is indeed an active hallucinogen, although somewhat weaker than other similar tryptamine derivatives.
Several different isomers of this compound could be made (see DBT for a fuller discussion) but of these only the isobutyl isomer 4-HO-DIBT was synthesised by Shulgin (mp 152-154 °C) and was also found to be inactive at a 20 mg dose.
External links
TiHKAL entry
4-HO-DBT entry in TiHKAL • info
Psychedelic tryptamines |
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