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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci%20coding | In mathematics and computing, Fibonacci coding is a universal code which encodes positive integers into binary code words. It is one example of representations of integers based on Fibonacci numbers. Each code word ends with "11" and contains no other instances of "11" before the end.
The Fibonacci code is closely rel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20circle | In mathematics, a great circle or orthodrome is the circular intersection of a sphere and a plane passing through the sphere's center point.
Any arc of a great circle is a geodesic of the sphere, so that great circles in spherical geometry are the natural analog of straight lines in Euclidean space. For any pair of di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterMezzo%20%28file%20system%29 | InterMezzo was a distributed file system written for the Linux kernel, distributed under the GNU General Public License. It was included in the standard Linux kernel from version 2.4.15 but was dropped from version 2.6. InterMezzo is designed to work on top of an existing journaling file system such as ext3, JFS, Reise... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%2C%20Escher%2C%20Bach | Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid, also known as GEB, is a 1979 book by Douglas Hofstadter.
By exploring common themes in the lives and works of logician Kurt Gödel, artist M. C. Escher, and composer Johann Sebastian Bach, the book expounds concepts fundamental to mathematics, symmetry, and intelligence. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWIFT | The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (Swift), legally S.W.I.F.T. SC, is a Belgian cooperative society providing services related to the execution of financial transactions and payments between certain banks worldwide. Its principal function is to serve as the main messaging network through wh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy%20ARP | Proxy ARP is a technique by which a proxy server on a given network answers the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) queries for an IP address that is not on that network. The proxy is aware of the location of the traffic's destination and offers its own MAC address as the (ostensibly final) destination. The traffic direc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputer | A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The computer also includes memory and input/output (I/O) circuitry together mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB). Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 1980s with the advent of i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20ideal | In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a maximal ideal is an ideal that is maximal (with respect to set inclusion) amongst all proper ideals. In other words, I is a maximal ideal of a ring R if there are no other ideals contained between I and R.
Maximal ideals are important because the quotients of rings b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence%20relation | In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure in the sense that algebraic operations done with equivalent elements will yield equivalent elements. Every congruence rel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golomb%20ruler | In mathematics, a Golomb ruler is a set of marks at integer positions along a ruler such that no two pairs of marks are the same distance apart. The number of marks on the ruler is its order, and the largest distance between two of its marks is its length. Translation and reflection of a Golomb ruler are considered tri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial%20sphere | In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth. All objects in the sky can be conceived as being projected upon the inner surface of the celestial sphere, which may be centered on Earth or the observer. If centered on the observer,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal%20art | Fractal art is a form of algorithmic art created by calculating fractal objects and representing the calculation results as still digital images, animations, and media. Fractal art developed from the mid-1980s onwards. It is a genre of computer art and digital art which are part of new media art. The mathematical beaut... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20sequence | The concept of a random sequence is essential in probability theory and statistics. The concept generally relies on the notion of a sequence of random variables and many statistical discussions begin with the words "let X1,...,Xn be independent random variables...". Yet as D. H. Lehmer stated in 1951: "A random sequenc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20set | In mathematical analysis and related areas of mathematics, a set is called bounded if it is, in a certain sense, of finite measure. Conversely, a set which is not bounded is called unbounded. The word "bounded" makes no sense in a general topological space without a corresponding metric.
Boundary is a distinct concept... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonic%20function | In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory.
In calculus and analysis
In calculus, a function defined on a subset... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial%20pole | The north and south celestial poles are the two points in the sky where Earth's axis of rotation, indefinitely extended, intersects the celestial sphere. The north and south celestial poles appear permanently directly overhead to observers at Earth's North Pole and South Pole, respectively. As Earth spins on its axis, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide | Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and lampricide. The most common of these are herbicides, which account for approximately 50... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution%20cipher | In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition%20cipher | In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters (transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters or groups of characters) according to a re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic%20coordinate%20system | The geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on the Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 | ROT13 ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome.
Because there are 26 letters (2×13) in the basic Latin alphabet... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical%20coordinate%20systems | Astronomical (or celestial) coordinate systems are organized arrangements for specifying positions of satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, and other celestial objects relative to physical reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface). Coordinate s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial%20coordinate%20system | The equatorial coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system widely used to specify the positions of celestial objects. It may be implemented in spherical or rectangular coordinates, both defined by an origin at the centre of Earth, a fundamental plane consisting of the projection of Earth's equator onto the celes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal%20coordinate%20system | The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles: altitude and azimuth.
Therefore, the horizontal coordinate system is sometimes called the az/el system, the alt/az system, or the alt-azimuth system, among others. In a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic%20coordinate%20system | In astronomy, the ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system commonly used for representing the apparent positions, orbits, and pole orientations of Solar System objects. Because most planets (except Mercury) and many small Solar System bodies have orbits with only slight inclinations to the ecliptic, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20coordinate%20system | The galactic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center, the primary direction aligned with the approximate center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and the fundamental plane parallel to an approximation of the galactic plane but offset to its north. It uses the right... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20analysis | Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.
These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20backbone | The Internet backbone may be defined by the principal data routes between large, strategically interconnected computer networks and core routers of the Internet. These data routes are hosted by commercial, government, academic and other high-capacity network centers, as well as the Internet exchange points and network ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, rings are algebraic structures that generalize fields: multiplication need not be commutative and multiplicative inverses need not exist. In other words, a ring is a set equipped with two binary operations satisfying properties analogous to those of addition and multiplication of integers. Ring elements... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%20cipher | In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucralose | Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArtCyclopedia | Artcyclopedia is an online database of museum-quality fine art founded by Canadian John Malyon.
Information
The Artcyclopedia only deals with art that can be viewed online, and indexes 2,300 art sites (from museums and galleries), with links to around 180,000 artworks by 8,500 artists. The site has also started to com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20integer | In number theory, a Gaussian integer is a complex number whose real and imaginary parts are both integers. The Gaussian integers, with ordinary addition and multiplication of complex numbers, form an integral domain, usually written as or
Gaussian integers share many properties with integers: they form a Euclidean ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20of%20unity | In mathematics, a partition of unity of a topological space is a set of continuous functions from to the unit interval [0,1] such that for every point :
there is a neighbourhood of where all but a finite number of the functions of are 0, and
the sum of all the function values at is 1, i.e.,
Partitions of unit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20control%20system | A fuzzy control system is a control system based on fuzzy logic—a mathematical system that analyzes analog input values in terms of logical variables that take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in contrast to classical or digital logic, which operates on discrete values of either 1 or 0 (true or false, respectivel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistician | A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.
It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
Nature of the work
Accordin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20number%20format | A computer number format is the internal representation of numeric values in digital device hardware and software, such as in programmable computers and calculators. Numerical values are stored as groupings of bits, such as bytes and words. The encoding between numerical values and bit patterns is chosen for convenien... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Poincar%C3%A9 | Jules Henri Poincaré (, ; ; 29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist", since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. Due to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20phobias | The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (from Greek φόβος phobos, "fear") occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder (e.g. agoraphobia), in chemistry to describe chemical aversions (e.g. hydrophobic)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20theory%20%28philosophy%29 | Action theory (or theory of action) is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of a more or less complex kind. This area of thought involves epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, jurisprudence, and philosophy of mind, and has attracted the strong interest of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6%20Naturalis%20Principia%20Mathematica | (English: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) often referred to as simply the (), is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation. The Principia is written in Latin and comprises three volumes, and was first published on 5 July 1687.
The is conside... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinylpyrrolidone | Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called polyvidone or povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Uses
Medical
It is used... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanda%20%28software%29 | The Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver (Amanda) is an open source computer archiving tool that is able to back up data residing on multiple computers on a network. It uses a client–server model, where the server contacts each client to perform a backup at a scheduled time.
Amanda was initially developed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology | Pathology is the study of disease and injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a narrower fashion to refer to processes ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour%20angle | In astronomy and celestial navigation, the hour angle is the dihedral angle between the meridian plane (containing Earth's axis and the zenith) and the hour circle (containing Earth's axis and a given point of interest).
It may be given in degrees, time, or rotations depending on the application.
The angle may be exp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20talker | A code talker was a person employed by the military during wartime to use a little-known language as a means of secret communication. The term is most often used for United States service members during the World Wars who used their knowledge of Native American languages as a basis to transmit coded messages. In partic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith | The zenith (, ) is an imaginary point directly "above" a particular location, on the celestial sphere. "Above" means in the vertical direction (plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The zenith is the "highest" point on the celestial sphere.
Origin
The word zenith derives from an inacc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizon | The horizon is the apparent curve that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body. This curve divides all viewing directions based on whether it intersects the relevant body's surface or not.
The true horizon is a t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladogram | A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolution... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota | Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: agarics, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascomycota | Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (), a microscopic sexual ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20cipher | A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit is encrypted one at a time with the corresponding digit of the keystream, to give a digit of the ciphertext stream. Since encryption of each digit i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm%27s%20law | Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship:
where is the current through the cond... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20character%20recognition | Optical character recognition or optical character reader (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a (real) interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps". Each endpoint is either a real number or positive or negative infinity, indicating the interval extends without a bound. An interval can contain neither endpoint, either endpoint, or both endpoints.
For e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugacy%20class | In mathematics, especially group theory, two elements and of a group are conjugate if there is an element in the group such that This is an equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are called conjugacy classes. In other words, each conjugacy class is closed under for all elements in the group.
Members of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20logic | Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral%20drug | Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections. Most antivirals target specific viruses, while a broad-spectrum antiviral is effective against a wide range of viruses. Antiviral drugs are one class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaN | In computing, NaN (), standing for Not a Number, is a particular value of a numeric data type (often a floating-point number) which is undefined or unrepresentable, such as the result of 0/0. Systematic use of NaNs was introduced by the IEEE 754 floating-point standard in 1985, along with the representation of other no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urysohn%27s%20lemma | In topology, Urysohn's lemma is a lemma that states that a topological space is normal if and only if any two disjoint closed subsets can be separated by a continuous function.
Urysohn's lemma is commonly used to construct continuous functions with various properties on normal spaces. It is widely applicable since all... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haidinger%27s%20brush | Haidinger's brush, more commonly known as Haidinger's brushes is an image produced by the eye, an entoptic phenomenon, first described by Austrian physicist Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger in 1844. Haidinger saw it when he looked through various minerals that polarized light.
Many people are able to perceive polarization o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20interval | In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval , that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. It is often denoted (capital letter ). In addition to its role in real analysis, the unit interval is used to study homotopy theory in the field of topology.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGM-30%20Minuteman | The LGM-30 Minuteman is an American land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in service with the Air Force Global Strike Command. , the LGM-30G Minuteman III version is the only land-based ICBM in service in the United States and represents the land leg of the U.S. nuclear triad, along with the Trident II s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid%20computing | Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. A computing grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve many files. Grid computing is distinguished from conventional high-performance computing systems such as cluster computing in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Blue%20%28chess%20computer%29 | Deep Blue was a chess-playing expert system run on a unique purpose-built IBM supercomputer. It was the first computer to win a game, and the first to win a match, against a reigning world champion under regular time controls. Development began in 1985 at Carnegie Mellon University under the name ChipTest. It then move... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer%20%28botany%29 | In gardening and agronomic terminology, a volunteer is a plant that grows on its own, rather than being deliberately planted by a farmer or gardener. The action of such plants — to sprout or grow in this fashion — may also be described as volunteering.
Background
Volunteers often grow from seeds that float in on the w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMOS%20logic | N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor logic uses n-type (-) MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) to implement logic gates and other digital circuits. These nMOS transistors operate by creating an inversion layer in a p-type transistor body. This inversion layer, called the n-channel, can conduct elec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction | Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member. A taxon may become functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to reproduce and recover. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrosp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS | Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", , ) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. CMOS technology is used for constructing integrated circui... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisor | In mathematics, a divisor of an integer , also called a factor of , is an integer that may be multiplied by some integer to produce . In this case, one also says that is a multiple of An integer is divisible or evenly divisible by another integer if is a divisor of ; this implies dividing by leaves no remainder... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s%20triangle | In mathematics, Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of the binomial coefficients arising in probability theory, combinatorics, and algebra. In much of the Western world, it is named after the French mathematician Blaise Pascal, although other mathematicians studied it centuries before him in Persia, India, China, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause | Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently cease, marking the end of reproduction. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, although the exact timing can vary. Menopause is usually a natural change. It can occur earlier in those who smoke tobacco. Other causes inc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEX%20%28computing%29 | In computing, the SEX assembly language mnemonic has often been used for the "Sign EXtend" machine instruction found in the Motorola 6809. A computer's or CPU's "sex" can also mean the endianness of the computer architecture used. x86 computers do not have the same "byte sex" as HC11 computers, for example. Functions a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain%20%28antenna%29 | In electromagnetics, an antenna's gain is a key performance parameter which combines the antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency. The term power gain has been deprecated by IEEE. In a transmitting antenna, the gain describes how well the antenna converts input power into radio waves headed in a specified direc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable%20ROM | A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents can be changed once after manufacture of the device. The data is then permanent and cannot be changed. It is one type of read-only memory (ROM). PROMs are used in digital electronic devices to store permanent data, usually low level ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20dump | In computing, a core dump, memory dump, crash dump, storage dump, system dump, or ABEND dump consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a computer program at a specific time, generally when the program has crashed or otherwise terminated abnormally. In practice, other key pieces of program state are usual... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved%20word | In a computer language, a reserved word (also known as a reserved identifier) is a word that cannot be used as an identifier, such as the name of a variable, function, or label – it is "reserved from use". This is a syntactic definition, and a reserved word may have no user-defined meaning.
A closely related and often... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20of%20a%20permutation | In mathematics, when X is a finite set with at least two elements, the permutations of X (i.e. the bijective functions from X to X) fall into two classes of equal size: the even permutations and the odd permutations. If any total ordering of X is fixed, the parity (oddness or evenness) of a permutation of X can be def... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20PC%20compatible | IBM PC compatible computers are similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, all from computer giant IBM, that are able to use the same software and expansion cards. Such computers were referred to as PC clones, IBM clones or IBM PC clones. The term "IBM PC compatible" is now a historical description only, since IBM n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-ary%20code | In telecommunication, an n-ary code is a code that has n significant conditions, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. The integer substituted for n indicates the specific number of significant conditions, i.e., quantization states, in the code. For example, an 8-ary code has eight significant conditions and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Vickrey | William Spencer Vickrey (21 June 1914 – 11 October 1996) was a Canadian-American professor of economics and Nobel Laureate. Vickrey was awarded the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with James Mirrlees for their research into the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information, becoming the only... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforest | Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropical rainforests or temperate rainforests, but other types have been described.
Estimates vary fr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic%20climate | The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50°N to 70°N, poleward of the humi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitstream | A bitstream (or bit stream), also known as binary sequence, is a sequence of bits.
A bytestream is a sequence of bytes. Typically, each byte is an 8-bit quantity, and so the term octet stream is sometimes used interchangeably. An octet may be encoded as a sequence of 8 bits in multiple different ways (see bit numberi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Neurath | Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath (; 10 December 1882 – 22 December 1945) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist. He was also the inventor of the ISOTYPE method of pictorial statistics and an innovator in museum practice. Before he fled his native country in 1934, Neurath was one of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20meridian | A prime meridian is an arbitarily-chosen meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides a spheroid, like Earth, into two hemisph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20of%20a%20function | In mathematics, the domain of a function is the set of inputs accepted by the function. It is sometimes denoted by or , where is the function. In layman's terms, the domain of a function can generally be thought of as "what x can be".
More precisely, given a function , the domain of is . In modern mathematical lang... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codomain | In mathematics, the codomain or set of destination of a function is the set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set in the notation . The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the codomain or image of a function.
A codomain is part of a function if ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20multiprocessing | Symmetric multiprocessing or shared-memory multiprocessing (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20complexity | In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem is distributed among two or more parties. The study of communication complexity was first introduced by Andrew Yao in 1979, while studying the problem of computation di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20relationship | An internet relationship is a relationship between people who have met online, and in many cases know each other only via the Internet. Online relationships are similar in many ways to pen pal relationships. This relationship can be romantic, platonic, or even based on business affairs. An internet relationship (or onl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20engineering | Computer engineering (CoE or CpE) is a branch of electronic engineering and computer science that integrates several fields of computer science and electronic engineering required to develop computer hardware and software.
Computer engineering is referred to as computer science and engineering at some universities.
C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20calculus | In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus—the study of the area beneath a curve.
The primary objects of study in differential calculus are the derivative of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Hall%20effect | The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance exhibits steps that take on the quantized values
where is the Hall voltage, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugger | A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its execution and monitor changes in computer resources that may indicate malfunctionin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20code | The reflected binary code (RBC), also known as reflected binary (RB) or Gray code after Frank Gray, is an ordering of the binary numeral system such that two successive values differ in only one bit (binary digit).
For example, the representation of the decimal value "1" in binary would normally be "" and "2" would be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20code | A Gold code, also known as Gold sequence, is a type of binary sequence, used in telecommunication (CDMA) and satellite navigation (GPS). Gold codes are named after Robert Gold. Gold codes have bounded small cross-correlations within a set, which is useful when multiple devices are broadcasting in the same frequency ran... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation%20engineering | Transportation engineering or transport engineering is the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing%20theory | Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources ne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash%20memory | Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating gate MOSFETs. They differ at the cir... |
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