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Physical Review Fluids is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published monthly by the American Physical Society. The journal focuses on fluid dynamics and also covers geophysical fluid dynamics, biofluid dynamics, nanofluidics and magnetohydrodynamics. Its lead editors are Eric Lauga (University of Cambridge) and Beve...	{ "page_id": 49029020, "title": "Physical Review Fluids" }
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of palaeontology and its ramifications into the Earth and biological sciences, especially the disciplines of taxonomy, biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, vertebrate palaeontology, palaeobotany, pa...	{ "page_id": 19275684, "title": "Alcheringa (journal)" }
Dysprosium is a chemical element; it has symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare-earth element in the lanthanide series with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring dyspro...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
transforms into a disordered (paramagnetic) state at 179 K (−94 °C). It transforms from the hcp phase to the body-centered cubic phase at 1,654 K (1,381 °C). === Chemical properties === Dysprosium metal retains its luster in dry air but it will tarnish slowly in moist air, and it burns readily to form dysprosium(III) o...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
and Dy2C3. Dysprosium carbonate, Dy2(CO3)3, and dysprosium sulfate, Dy2(SO4)3, result from similar reactions. Most dysprosium compounds are soluble in water, though dysprosium carbonate tetrahydrate (Dy2(CO3)3·4H2O) and dysprosium oxalate decahydrate (Dy2(C2O4)3·10H2O) are both insoluble in water. Two of the most abund...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
to 165. The most stable of these is 165mDy, which has a half-life of 1.257 minutes. 149Dy has two metastable isomers, the second of which, 149m2Dy, has a half-life of 28 ns. == History == In 1878, erbium ores were found to contain the oxides of holmium and thulium. French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, while ...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
version of these, dysprosium happens to be the most abundant of the heavy lanthanides, comprising up to 7–8% of the concentrate (as compared to about 65% for yttrium). The concentration of Dy in the Earth's crust is about 5.2 mg/kg and in sea water 0.9 ng/L. == Production == Dysprosium is obtained primarily from monazi...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
the Browns Range Project pilot plant, 160 km south east of Halls Creek, Western Australia, is producing 50 tonnes (49 long tons) per annum. According to the United States Department of Energy, the wide range of its current and projected uses, together with the lack of any immediately suitable replacement, makes dyspros...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
and high-precision liquid-fuel injectors. Dysprosium is used in dosimeters for measuring ionizing radiation. Crystals of calcium sulfate or calcium fluoride are doped with dysprosium. When these crystals are exposed to radiation, the dysprosium atoms become excited and luminescent. The luminescence can be measured to d...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
degenerate gases of an open shell lanthanide were created with dysprosium. Because dysprosium is highly magnetic—indeed it is the most magnetic fermionic element and nearly tied with terbium for most magnetic bosonic atom—such gases serve as the basis for quantum simulation with strongly dipolar atoms. Due to its stron...	{ "page_id": 8102, "title": "Dysprosium" }
Mohammed Munim al-Izmerly was an Iraqi chemistry professor who allegedly experimented with poisons on prisoners while Saddam Hussein was president of Iraq and died while in US custody in early February 2004, ten months after his arrest. == Alleged role in weapons development == In an October 6, 2005 report by Charles A...	{ "page_id": 3809192, "title": "Mohammed Munim al-Izmerly" }
from behind, possibly with a bar or a pistol. It was also found that US doctors had made a 20 cm incision in his skull, apparently in an attempt to save his life after the initial blow. Izmerly's daughter, Rana Izmerly, alleged to the Guardian that her father was murdered: The evidence is clear. It suggests the America...	{ "page_id": 3809192, "title": "Mohammed Munim al-Izmerly" }
The collective–amoeboid transition (CMT) is a process by which collective multicellular groups dissociate into amoeboid single cells following the down-regulation of integrins. CMTs contrast with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) which occur following a loss of E-cadherin. Like EMTs, CATs are involved in the inv...	{ "page_id": 74850217, "title": "Collective–amoeboid transition" }
The European Bioanalysis Forum (EBF) is an organisation comprising bioanalytical scientists working within the pharmaceutical industry R&D. Scope of the EBF is on bioanalysis of small and large molecules with bioanalysis being defined as: Quantification of drugs and metabolites in body fluids and tissues Quantification...	{ "page_id": 24911787, "title": "European Bioanalysis Forum" }
one representative to these closed meetings. === Open meetings === The EBF organizes annual symposia to involve the bioanalytical community: pharmaceutical industry, academia, CRO, instrument providers and regulatory agencies. It is the intention of the organisation to inform their business partners and peers about the...	{ "page_id": 24911787, "title": "European Bioanalysis Forum" }
Methyl butyrate, also known under the systematic name methyl butanoate, is the methyl ester of butyric acid. Like most esters, it has a fruity odor, in this case resembling apples or pineapples. At room temperature, it is a colorless liquid with low solubility in water, upon which it floats to form an oily layer. Altho...	{ "page_id": 1515436, "title": "Methyl butyrate" }
The molecular formula C8H10FN3O3S (molar mass: 247.24 g/mol, exact mass: 247.0427 u) may refer to: Emtricitabine (FTC) Racivir	{ "page_id": 24387503, "title": "C8H10FN3O3S" }
A marine habitat is a habitat that supports marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species. The marine environment supports many k...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
of a continental shelf a good habitat, but only while upwellings bring nutrient rich water to the surface. Shellfish find habitat on sandy beaches, but storms, tides and currents mean their habitat continually reinvents itself. The presence of seawater is common to all marine habitats. Beyond that many other things det...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
major oceans, of which the Pacific Ocean is nearly as large as the rest put together. Coastlines fringe the land for nearly 380,000 kilometres. Altogether, the ocean occupies 71 percent of the world surface, averaging nearly four kilometres in depth. By volume, the ocean contains more than 99 percent of the Earth's liq...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
sunlight, then such a current itself can become a suitable habitat for photosynthesizing tiny algae called phytoplankton. These tiny plants are the primary producers in the ocean, at the start of the food chain. In turn, as the population of drifting phytoplankton grows, the water becomes a suitable habitat for zooplan...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
slower the earth moves eastward. If the current could get to the North Pole, the earth would not be moving eastward at all. To conserve its rotational momentum, the further the current travels north the faster it must move eastward. So the effect is that the current curves to the right. This is the Coriolis effect. It ...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
it releases and the more sediment it moves. Sediment deposited by waves comes from eroded cliff faces and is moved along the coastline by the waves. Sediment deposited by rivers is the dominant influence on the amount of sediment located on a coastline. The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary o...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
means the conditions for photosynthetic processes so important for primary production, are available to coastal marine habitats. Because land is nearby, there are large discharges of nutrient rich land runoff into coastal waters. Further, periodic upwellings from the deep ocean can provide cool and nutrient rich curren...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
for each metre of coast, there is 3.6 cu km of ocean space available somewhere for marine habitats. === Intertidal === Intertidal zones, those areas close to shore, are constantly being exposed and covered by the ocean's tides. A huge array of life lives within this zone. Shore habitats range from the upper intertidal ...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
do not. Mud is not easily shifted by waves and currents, and when it dries out, cakes into a solid. By contrast, sand is easily shifted by waves and currents, and when sand dries out it can be blown in the wind, accumulating into shifting sand dunes. Beyond the high tide mark, if the beach is low-lying, the wind can fo...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
and want to live near them. An increasing proportion of the humans live by the coast, putting pressure on coastal habitats. === Mudflats === Mudflats are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries. Mudflats may be v...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
form a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments and are subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflow of both seawater and freshwater provide high levels of nutrients in bot...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
flux. Phytoplankton are key primary producers in estuaries. They move with the water bodies and can be flushed in and out with the tides. Their productivity is largely dependent on the turbidity of the water. The main phytoplankton present are diatoms and dinoflagellates which are abundant in the sediment. === Kelp for...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
stalk, extending vertically from the holdfast and providing a support framework for other morphological features; The fronds are leaf- or blade-like attachments extending from the stipe, sometimes along its full length, and are the sites of nutrient uptake and photosynthetic activity. In addition, many kelp species hav...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand or mud bottoms. Seagrasses form extensive beds or meadows, which can be either monospecific (made up of one species) or multispecific (where more than one species co-exist). Seagrass beds make highly diverse and productive ecosystems. They are home to phyla such as juvenile and...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
in enhancing the physical complexity of featureless sand bottoms, thereby attracting a more diverse assemblage of organisms. Reefs are often quite near to the surface, but not all definitions require this. Fringing reefs, the most common type of reef, are found close to shorelines and surrounding islands. ==== Rocky re...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
ocean. It covers around 70% of the Earth's surface as it covers most of the ocean waters on the planet. The microlayer is known for its unique biological and chemical properties which give it a small ecosystem of its own and serves as a distinct habitat from the deeper ocean waters. The surface microlayer is not in fac...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
that it plays a critical role in gas exchange and uptake of nutrients, but relatively little data on this has been collected. The central feature of the microlayer is the temperature, as it is an indicator of how pollutants and human activity affects the ocean. === Epipelagic zone === The surface waters are sunlit. The...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
the small forage fish are in turn eaten by larger predators, such as tuna, marlin, sharks, large squid, seabirds, dolphins, and toothed whales. == Open ocean == The open ocean is relatively unproductive because of a lack of nutrients, yet because it is so vast, it has more overall primary production than any other mari...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
may be considered the foundation of deep-sea mesopelagic and benthic ecosystems: As sunlight cannot reach them, deep-sea organisms rely heavily on marine snow as an energy source. Some deep-sea pelagic groups, such as the lanternfish, ridgehead, marine hatchetfish, and lightfish families are sometimes termed pseudocean...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
support unique marine biomes and many new marine microorganisms and other lifeforms have been discovered at these locations. === Trenches === The deepest recorded oceanic trenches measure to date is the Mariana Trench, near the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean at 10,924 m (35,838 ft). At such depths, water pressure is...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
it have been greatly affected by human activity. Bottom trawling, microplastic pollution, and industrial metals have slowly changed and altered the composition of the sea floor. Bottom trawling refers to a commercial deep sea fishing technique in which the equipment drags across the sea floor. This has had an adverse e...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
Sources === Kritzer JP; Sale PF (2006). Marine metapopulations. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-088781-1. Moyle, PB and Cech, JJ (2004) Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology. 5th Ed, Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-13-100847-2. Nybakken JW; Bertness MD (2005) Marine biology: an ecological approach. Sixth edition. Pearson/...	{ "page_id": 29171632, "title": "Marine habitat" }
Conceição Bettencourt works in the field of neuro-epigenetics. She studies the involvement of disrupted molecular pathways and DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases using human post-mortem brain tissue. The goal is to obtain a deeper understanding of disrupted molecular pathways underlying neurodegenerative dis...	{ "page_id": 72425395, "title": "Conceição Bettencourt" }
repair pathways underlie a common genetic mechanism modulating onset in polyglutamine diseases: DNA Repair Pathways Modify polyQ Disease Onset". Annals of Neurology. 79 (6): 983–990. doi:10.1002/ana.24656. PMC 4914895. PMID 27044000. Bettencourt, Conceição; Forabosco, Paola; Wiethoff, Sarah; Heidari, Moones; Johnstone,...	{ "page_id": 72425395, "title": "Conceição Bettencourt" }
The Ivanov reaction is the chemical reaction of the dianions (endiolates) of aryl acetic acids (Ivanov reagents) with electrophiles, primarily carbonyl compounds or isocyanates.[1][2][3][4] The reaction was named after the Bulgarian organic chemist, Academician Dimitar Ivanov, who discovered it. Ivanov reagents (dianio...	{ "page_id": 4595637, "title": "Ivanov reaction" }
In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the electron in a hydrogen atom, four quantum numbers are needed. The traditional set of quantum numbers includes the principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin quantum numbe...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
dimensional, modeling the electron as orbiting in a plane; in 1919 he extended his work to three dimensions using 'space quantization' in place of the quantized phase integrals.: 152 Karl Schwarzschild and Sommerfeld's student, Paul Epstein, independently showed that adding third quantum number gave a complete account ...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
When Schrödinger published his wave equation and calculated the energy levels of hydrogen, these two principles carried over to become the basis of atomic physics. === Nuclear quantum numbers === With successful models of the atom, the attention of physics turned to models of the nucleus. Beginning with Heisenberg's in...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
the quantities can only be measured in discrete values. In particular, this leads to quantum numbers that take values in discrete sets of integers or half-integers; although they could approach infinity in some cases. The tally of quantum numbers varies from system to system and has no universal answer. Hence these par...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
the electron shell of an electron. The value of n ranges from 1 to the shell containing the outermost electron of that atom, that is n = 1 , 2 , … {\displaystyle n=1,2,\ldots } For example, in caesium (Cs), the outermost valence electron is in the shell with energy level 6, so an electron in caesium can have an n value...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
a p orbital is 1. === Magnetic quantum number === The magnetic quantum number describes the specific orbital within the subshell, and yields the projection of the orbital angular momentum along a specified axis: L z = m ℓ ℏ {\displaystyle L_{z}=m_{\ell }\hbar } The values of mℓ range from −ℓ to ℓ, with integer interval...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
a hydrogen like atom with higher nuclear charge and correspondingly more electrons. The occupation of the electron states in such an atom can be predicted by the Aufbau principle and Hund's empirical rules for the quantum numbers. The Aufbau principle fills orbitals based on their principal and azimuthal quantum number...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
) ℓ . {\displaystyle P=(-1)^{\ell }.} For example, consider the following 8 states, defined by their quantum numbers: The quantum states in the system can be described as linear combination of these 8 states. However, in the presence of spin–orbit interaction, if one wants to describe the same system by 8 states that a...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
states, examples for some isotopes of hydrogen (H), carbon (C), and sodium (Na) are; The reason for the unusual fluctuations in I, even by differences of just one nucleon, are due to the odd and even numbers of protons and neutrons – pairs of nucleons have a total angular momentum of zero (just like electrons in orbita...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
a symmetry (like parity) in which applying the symmetry transformation twice is equivalent to doing nothing (involution). == See also == Electron configuration == References == == Further reading == Dirac, Paul A. M. (1982). Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852011-5. Griffiths, David ...	{ "page_id": 532405, "title": "Quantum number" }
(Positive) Rheotaxis is a form of taxis seen in many aquatic organisms, e.g., fish, whereby they will (generally) turn to face into an oncoming current. In a flowing stream, this behavior leads them to hold their position rather than being swept downstream by the current. Rheotaxis has been noted in zebrafish and other...	{ "page_id": 1449913, "title": "Rheotaxis" }
The molecular formula C8H11N3O3S (molar mass: 229.26 g/mol, exact mass: 229.0521 u) may refer to: Apricitabine Lamivudine (3TC)	{ "page_id": 24387513, "title": "C8H11N3O3S" }
Fuberidazole (chemical formula: C11H8N2O) is a chemical compound used in fungicides. == References ==	{ "page_id": 36249531, "title": "Fuberidazole" }
A Norrish reaction, named after Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, is a photochemical reaction taking place with ketones and aldehydes. Such reactions are subdivided into Norrish type I reactions and Norrish type II reactions. While of limited synthetic utility these reactions are important in the photo-oxidation of polym...	{ "page_id": 4857787, "title": "Norrish reaction" }
for instance it often is a side reaction in the Paternò–Büchi reaction. One organic synthesis based on this reaction is that of bicyclohexylidene. The Norrish Type I reaction plays a crucial role in the field of photopolymerization, particularly in the development of photoinitiators used for two-photon polymerization (...	{ "page_id": 4857787, "title": "Norrish reaction" }
attacked by oxygen). In one study the photolysis of an acyloin derivative in water in presence of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) generated nanogold particles with 10 nanometer diameter. The species believed to responsible for reducing Au3+ to Au0 is the Norrish generated ketyl radical. Leo Paquette's 1982 synthesi...	{ "page_id": 4857787, "title": "Norrish reaction" }
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation for theoretical physics and applied mathematics, is a field equation attributed to John Archibald Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt. The equation attempts to mathematically combine the ideas of quantum mechanics and general relativity, a step towards a theory of quantum gravity. In this approach, tim...	{ "page_id": 1253305, "title": "Wheeler–DeWitt equation" }
{\displaystyle \gamma =\det(\gamma _{ij})} , and G i j k l = ( γ i k γ j l + γ i l γ j k − γ i j γ k l ) {\displaystyle G_{ijkl}=(\gamma _{ik}\gamma _{jl}+\gamma _{il}\gamma _{jk}-\gamma _{ij}\gamma _{kl})} is the Wheeler–DeWitt metric. In index-free notation, the Wheeler–DeWitt metric on the space of positive definite...	{ "page_id": 1253305, "title": "Wheeler–DeWitt equation" }
) γ ( y ) d x 3 d y 3 + … , {\displaystyle \Psi [\gamma ]=a+\int \psi (x)\gamma (x)\,dx^{3}+\iint \psi (x,y)\gamma (x)\gamma (y)\,dx^{3}\,dy^{3}+\dots ,} which would give a set of constraints amongst the coefficients ψ ( x , y , … ) {\displaystyle \psi (x,y,\dots )} . This means that the amplitudes for N {\displaystyle...	{ "page_id": 1253305, "title": "Wheeler–DeWitt equation" }
the symbols H ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {H}}} and \| ψ ⟩ {\displaystyle \|\psi \rangle } may appear familiar, their interpretation in the Wheeler–DeWitt equation is substantially different from non-relativistic quantum mechanics. \| ψ ⟩ {\displaystyle \|\psi \rangle } is no longer a spatial wave function in the traditional se...	{ "page_id": 1253305, "title": "Wheeler–DeWitt equation" }
implies that global evolution per se does not exist; the time t {\displaystyle t} is just a label we assign to one of the coordinate axes. Thus, what we think about as time evolution of any physical system is just a gauge transformation, similar to that of QED induced by U(1) local gauge transformation ψ → e i θ ( r → ...	{ "page_id": 1253305, "title": "Wheeler–DeWitt equation" }
MASS syndrome is a medical disorder of the connective tissue similar to Marfan syndrome. MASS stands for mitral valve prolapse, aortic root diameter at upper limits of normal for body size, stretch marks of the skin, and skeletal conditions similar to Marfan syndrome. It is caused by a mutation in the FBN1 gene, which ...	{ "page_id": 8265662, "title": "MASS syndrome" }
Halyna Oleksandrivna Puchkivska (June 22, 1934, Kyiv - September 29, 2010, Kyiv) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physicist, a professor of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (since 1989), a Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine (2004), a pupil of the famous physicist Antonina Prikhot'ko, a daughter of...	{ "page_id": 67379130, "title": "Halyna Puchkivska" }
on the site Russian Mineralogical Society	{ "page_id": 67379130, "title": "Halyna Puchkivska" }
Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (November 11, 1907 – February 18, 1957) was an American professor of Medical Physics, Experimental Medicine, General Medicine, and Experimental Radiology as well as director (1948–1957) of the Crocker Laboratory, part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Hamilton studied the medical eff...	{ "page_id": 6037441, "title": "Joseph Gilbert Hamilton" }
been an ulcer. Stevens is significant as he is recorded to have survived the highest known accumulated radiation dose of any human. He lived 20 years after the injection and died at 79 years of age. Simeon Shaw, CAL-2, was 4 years old at the time of injection and diagnosed with bone cancer. Shaw lived for 255 days post...	{ "page_id": 6037441, "title": "Joseph Gilbert Hamilton" }
at the age of 49. His name was added to the Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations erected in Hamburg, Germany. == Notes == == References == Moss, William & Eckhardt, Roger (1995) The Human Plutonium Injection Experiments, Los Alamos Science 23, 177-233; Welsome, Eileen (1999) The plutonium files: Amer...	{ "page_id": 6037441, "title": "Joseph Gilbert Hamilton" }
The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) is a learned society dedicated to the understanding and advancement of astrobiology in the United Kingdom. The organisation is affiliated with NASA. The society is mainly made up of members from the United Kingdom but also has international members. The society was created in 2...	{ "page_id": 21110722, "title": "Astrobiology Society of Britain" }
Transport by molecular motor proteins (Kinesin, Dynein and unconventional Myosin) is essential for cell functioning and survival. Studies of multiple motors are inspired by the fact that multiple motors are involved in many biological processes such as intra-cellular transport and mitosis. This increasing interest in m...	{ "page_id": 22683587, "title": "Transport by multiple-motor proteins" }
Rodenticides are chemicals made and sold for the purpose of killing rodents. While commonly referred to as "rat poison", rodenticides are also used to kill mice, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, beavers, and voles. Some rodenticides are lethal after one exposure while others require more than one. Rodents are...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
concentrations (usually between 0.005% and 0.1%) and consecutive intake over days in order to accumulate the lethal dose, and are less toxic than second-generation agents. Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (or SGARs) are far more toxic than those of the first generation. They are generally applied in lower c...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
and a phosphide (usually zinc phosphide) is left where the rodents can eat it. The acid in the digestive system of the rodent reacts with the phosphide to generate toxic phosphine gas. This method of vermin control has possible use in places where rodents are resistant to some of the anticoagulants, particularly for co...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
magnesium phosphide for fumigation/gassing) may also contain other chemicals which evolve ammonia, which helps reduce the potential for spontaneous combustion or explosion of the phosphine gas. Metal phosphides do not accumulate in the tissues of poisoned animals, so the risk of secondary poisoning is low. Before the a...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
calcium salts/complexes in the tissues, damaging them), leading further to heart problems (myocardial tissue is sensitive to variations of free calcium levels, affecting both myocardial contractibility and action potential propagation between the atria and ventricles), bleeding (due to capillary damage) and possibly ki...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
than to rodents, clinical experience has shown that rodenticides containing cholecalciferol are a significant health threat to dogs and cats. Cholecalciferol produces hypercalcemia, which results in systemic calcification of soft tissue, leading to kidney failure, cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, CNS depression and...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
breed for a month. If a large predator eats a rodent after it has ingested the contraceptive, it will not be harmed; at most it may experience a few days of infertility. Therefore, contraception offers an environmentally safe, non-toxic, non-polluting, extremely effective and humane alternative to traditional poisons. ...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
developed as rodenticides. They were approved in the EU and patented in the US in 2013. These preparations rely on dehydration and electrolyte imbalance to cause death. Inert gas killing of burrowing pest animals is another method with no impact on scavenging wildlife. One such method has been commercialized and sold u...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
eliminated from South Georgia. Alberta, Canada, through a combination of climate and control, is also believed to be rat-free. == See also == Poison shyness Pesticide Thallium poisoning Substances poisonous to dogs == References == == Further reading == Plunkett, Signe J. (2001). Emergency Procedures for the Small Anim...	{ "page_id": 991169, "title": "Rodenticide" }
Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft (DMykG) e.V. (German-Speaking Mycological Society) has been acknowledged as a non-profit organisation. The society was founded in 1961 as a platform for all scientists of the German-speaking area who are interested in mycology either from a medical or veterinary standpoint, i....	{ "page_id": 12066757, "title": "Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft" }
society recently a corresponding foundation has been established, dubbed Stiftung der Deutschsprachigen Mykologische Gesellschaft e.V.. == External links == Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft, Wissenschaftsmagazin	{ "page_id": 12066757, "title": "Deutschsprachige Mykologische Gesellschaft" }
Photofragment ion imaging or, more generally, Product Imaging is an experimental technique for making measurements of the velocity of product molecules or particles following a chemical reaction or the photodissociation of a parent molecule. The method uses a two-dimensional detector, usually a microchannel plate, to r...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
to provide some energy to the recoil velocity between the two fragments. Of course, the more energy that is used to excite the O2 vibrations, the less will be available for the recoil. The O(1D) atom's REMPI, combined with the product imaging technique, yields an image that can be used to calculate the O(1D) three-dime...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
of the laser that ionizes the O(1D), and can be analyzed to show that the angular momentum of this atom (which has 2 units) is aligned relative to the velocity of recoil. More detail can be found elsewhere. There are other dissociation channels available to ozone following excitation at this wavelength. One produces O(...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
the walls of the channel. Since multiple electrons are ejected for each one that hits the wall, the channels act as individual particle multipliers. At the far end of the plates approximately 107 electrons leave the channel for each ion that entered. Importantly, they exit from a spot right behind where the ion entered...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
polarization direction of the dissociating light. It is important to note that the image is taken in the center-of-mass frame; no transformation, other than from time to speed, is needed. A final advantage of the technique should also be mentioned: ions of different masses arrive at the detector at different times. Thi...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
a typical detector (25 mm). Without some further improvement, the velocity resolution for a position-sensing apparatus would be limited to about one part in twenty-five. Eppink and Parker found a way around this limit. Their version of the product imaging technique is called velocity map imaging. Velocity map imaging i...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
the distribution of each spot, Chang et al. were able to further increase the velocity resolution to the equivalent of one pixel out of the 256-pixel radius of the CCD chip. === DC Slice Imaging === DC slice imaging is a developed version of traditional velocity map imaging technique which was developed in Suits group....	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
the photoelectrons for each shot of the laser. Helm and his co-workers have now used this technique to investigate the ionization of Xe, Ne, H2, and Ar. In more recent examples, Suzuki, Hayden, and Stolow have pioneered the use of femtosecond excitation and ionization to follow excited state dynamics in larger molecule...	{ "page_id": 17768388, "title": "Photofragment-ion imaging" }
The molecular formula C10H12N4O3 (molar mass: 236.23 g/mol, exact mass: 236.0909 u) may refer to: Carbazochrome Didanosine	{ "page_id": 24387524, "title": "C10H12N4O3" }
The Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) was a facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory dedicated to the development and demonstration of technologies required for fusion-relevant deuterium-tritium processing. Facility design was launched in 1977. It was commissioned in 1982, and the first tritium was processed in 19...	{ "page_id": 19079107, "title": "Tritium Systems Test Assembly" }
The RNP world is a hypothesized intermediate period in the origin of life characterized by the primary metabolic role of ribonucleoproteins. The period followed the hypothesized RNA world and ended with the formation of DNA and contemporary proteins. In the RNP world, RNA molecules began to synthesize peptides. These w...	{ "page_id": 64298954, "title": "RNP world" }
6:2-fluorotelomersulfonic acid (6:2-FTS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of fluorotelomersulfonic acids within the broader class of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFAS). Due to its structural similarity to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), it is also called H4PFOS. == Production == 6:2-Fl...	{ "page_id": 75112394, "title": "6:2-Fluorotelomersulfonic acid" }
Female sabotage is an evolutionary theory regarding the propensity of certain females to select "burdened" males of their species for mating. == History == Soon after Charles Darwin published his theory of natural selection, he was faced with a puzzle. If natural selection suggests "survival of the fittest," then there...	{ "page_id": 5644238, "title": "Female sabotage" }
survive because of their burdens, the females ensure that as the males die, more food and other resources will remain for females and their young. Because females are the limiting resource in most species, as their numbers increase, population fitness will also increase. Just as a given amount of land can only produce ...	{ "page_id": 5644238, "title": "Female sabotage" }
A feed additive is an additive of extra nutrient or drug for livestock. Such additives include vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, pharmaceutical, fungal products and steroidal compounds. The additives might impact feed presentation, hygiene, digestibility, or effect on intestinal health. == Examples == === A...	{ "page_id": 24780751, "title": "Feed additive" }
food additives must submit them to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Reference Laboratory, the European Commission and the member states. Evaluation criteria include safety for the animals, consumers and factory workers. For additives claiming an increase in "zootechnical" performance, sufficient ...	{ "page_id": 24780751, "title": "Feed additive" }
The Asinger-reaction (sometimes referred to as the Asinger-4 component reaction or A-4CR for short) is a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 3-thiazolines and other related heterocycles. It is named after Friedrich Asinger who first reported it in 1956. == Process == An α-halogenated carbonyl-component reacts ...	{ "page_id": 16588752, "title": "Asinger reaction" }
The Rydberg states of an atom or molecule are electronically excited states with energies that follow the Rydberg formula as they converge on an ionic state with an ionization energy. Although the Rydberg formula was developed to describe atomic energy levels, it has been used to describe many other systems that have e...	{ "page_id": 4267984, "title": "Rydberg state" }

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