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reservoir, from which it is materially and thermally insulated. Other thermometers (e.g. mercury thermometers, which display the volume of mercury to the observer), may now be constructed, and calibrated against the ideal gas thermometer. == References == | {
"page_id": 3281057,
"title": "Thermodynamic instruments"
} |
The molecular formula C15H22O2 (molar mass : 234.33 g/mol) may refer to: Coprinol 3,5-Di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde Polygodial, an active constituent of Dorrigo Pepper, Mountain Pepper, Horopito, Canelo, Paracress and Water-pepper Valerenic acid, a sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant | {
"page_id": 24187043,
"title": "C15H22O2"
} |
Zero sound is the name given by Lev Landau in 1957 to the unique quantum vibrations in quantum Fermi liquids. The zero sound can no longer be thought of as a simple wave of compression and rarefaction, but rather a fluctuation in space and time of the quasiparticles' momentum distribution function. As the shape of Ferm... | {
"page_id": 7344293,
"title": "Zero sound"
} |
{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}} ( f 0 {\displaystyle f_{0}} and E 0 {\displaystyle E_{0}} denote equilibrium distribution and energy in the equilibrium distribution). The semiclassical limit assumes that f {\displaystyle f} fluctuates with angular frequency ω {\displaystyle \omega } and wavelength λ = 2 π / k {\displaystyle... | {
"page_id": 7344293,
"title": "Zero sound"
} |
→ | − p F ) + ∫ d 3 p → ′ 4 π p F m ∗ F ( p , p ′ ) δ f ( p ′ ) {\displaystyle E_{\rm {F}}+v_{\rm {F}}(|{\vec {p}}|-p_{\rm {F}})+\int {\frac {d^{3}{\vec {p}}'}{4\pi p_{\rm {F}}m^{*}}}F(p,p')\delta f(p')} , where F {\displaystyle F} is the appropriately normalized Landau parameter, and f 0 ( p → ) = Θ ( p F − | p → | ) ... | {
"page_id": 7344293,
"title": "Zero sound"
} |
) {\displaystyle F({\hat {p}},{\hat {p}}')} only slowly depends on the angle between p ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {p}}} and p ^ ′ {\displaystyle {\hat {p}}'} . If F {\displaystyle F} is an angle-independent constant F 0 {\displaystyle F_{0}} with F 0 > 0 {\displaystyle F_{0}>0} (note that this constraint is stricter than t... | {
"page_id": 7344293,
"title": "Zero sound"
} |
. == See also == Second sound Third sound == References == == Further reading == Piers Coleman (2016). Introduction to Many-Body Physics (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521864886. | {
"page_id": 7344293,
"title": "Zero sound"
} |
The Efimov effect is an effect in the quantum mechanics of few-body systems predicted by the Russian theoretical physicist V. N. Efimov in 1970. Efimov's effect is where three identical bosons interact, with the prediction of an infinite series of excited three-body energy levels when a two-body state is exactly at the... | {
"page_id": 7606440,
"title": "Efimov state"
} |
of the wavefunction. By virtue of the resonance-determined boundary conditions, this is the unique positive value of s {\displaystyle s} satisfying the transcendental equation − s cosh π s 2 + 8 3 sinh π s 6 = 0. {\displaystyle -s\cosh \left.{\tfrac {\mathrm {\pi } s}{2}}\right.+{\tfrac {8}{\sqrt {3}}}\sinh \left.{... | {
"page_id": 7606440,
"title": "Efimov state"
} |
three identical bosons. An Efimov state existing as an excited state of a helium trimer was observed in an experiment in 2015. == Usage == The Efimov states are independent of the underlying physical interaction and can in principle be observed in all quantum mechanical systems (i.e. molecular, atomic, and nuclear). Th... | {
"page_id": 7606440,
"title": "Efimov state"
} |
Paul Breslin is a geneticist and biologist. He is most notable for his work in taste perception and oral irritation, in humans as well as in Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruit fly. He is a member of the faculty at the Monell Chemical Senses Center and acts as director of the Science Apprenticeship Program. He is... | {
"page_id": 18682025,
"title": "Paul Breslin"
} |
The Stanton number (St), is a dimensionless number that measures the ratio of heat transferred into a fluid to the thermal capacity of fluid. The Stanton number is named after Thomas Stanton (engineer) (1865–1931).: 476 It is used to characterize heat transfer in forced convection flows. == Formula == S t = h G c p = h... | {
"page_id": 3739824,
"title": "Stanton number"
} |
R e L {\displaystyle Re_{L}} is the Reynolds number based on length; S c {\displaystyle Sc} is the Schmidt number; h m {\displaystyle h_{m}} is defined based on a concentration difference (kg s−1 m−2); u {\displaystyle u} is the velocity of the fluid == Boundary layer flow == The Stanton number is a useful measure of t... | {
"page_id": 3739824,
"title": "Stanton number"
} |
Sir Frederick Spencer Lister (8 April 1876 – 6 September 1939) was an English-born South African doctor and bacteriologist. Lister was born in Norwell, Nottinghamshire. In 1897 he joined West Hertfordshire Football Club (later Watford Football Club) as an amateur association football player, making twelve appearances a... | {
"page_id": 24055988,
"title": "Spencer Lister"
} |
Julian Huxley used the phrase "the eclipse of Darwinism" to describe the state of affairs prior to what he called the "modern synthesis". During the "eclipse", evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles but relatively few biologists believed that natural selection was its primary mechanism. Historians of scien... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
Species, but there was much less acceptance of natural selection as its driving mechanism. Six objections were raised to the theory in the 19th century: The fossil record was discontinuous, suggesting gaps in evolution. The physicist Lord Kelvin calculated in 1862 that the Earth would have cooled in 100 million years o... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
discredited in the biological world." He added, however, that there were problems preventing the widespread acceptance of any of the alternatives, as large mutations seemed too uncommon, and there was no experimental evidence of mechanisms that could support either Lamarckism or orthogenesis. Ernst Mayr wrote that a su... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
Russel Wallace, dependent on field observations of variation, adaptation, and biogeography, considering these overly anecdotal. Instead they focused on topics like physiology, and genetics that could be easily investigated with controlled experiments in the laboratory, and discounted natural selection and the degree to... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
idealist argument from design was taken up by other naturalists such as George Jackson Mivart, and the Duke of Argyll who rejected natural selection altogether in favor of laws of development that guided evolution down preordained paths. Many of Darwin's supporters accepted evolution on the basis that it could be recon... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
was largely based on a progressive drive toward greater complexity. Lamarck also believed, as did many others in the 19th century, that characteristics acquired during the course of an organism's life could be inherited by the next generation, and he saw this as a secondary evolutionary mechanism that produced adaptati... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
of Haeckel's recapitulation theory. Cope and Hyatt looked for, and thought they found, patterns of linear progression in the fossil record. Packard argued that the loss of vision in the blind cave insects he studied was best explained through a Lamarckian process of atrophy through disuse combined with inheritance of a... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
any changes that occurred to the body after birth from being inherited by the next generation. This effectively polarised the argument between the Darwinians and the neo-Lamarckians, as it forced people to choose whether to agree or disagree with Weismann and hence with evolution by natural selection. Despite Weismann'... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
evolution down certain paths. Orthogenesis had a significant following in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its proponents including the Russian biologist Leo S. Berg, and the American paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn. Orthogenesis was particularly popular among some paleontologists, who believed that the fo... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
stress, that could produce multiple mutations, and in some cases completely new species, in a single generation. Its originator was the Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries. De Vries looked for evidence of mutation extensive enough to produce a new species in a single generation and thought he found it with his work breeding t... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
established Mendelian genetics linked to chromosomal inheritance, which validated August Weismann's criticism of neo-Lamarckian evolution by discounting the inheritance of acquired characteristics. The work in Morgan's lab with Drosophila also undermined the concept of orthogenesis by demonstrating the random nature of... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
research paused, implying in turn that there had been a preceding period of vigorously Darwinian activity among biologists. However, historians of science such as Mark Largent have argued that while biologists broadly accepted the extensive evidence for evolution presented in The Origin of Species, there was less enthu... | {
"page_id": 15732918,
"title": "The eclipse of Darwinism"
} |
Heptynes are alkynes with one triple bond and the molecular formula C7H12. The isomers are: 1-Heptyne 2-Heptyne 3-Heptyne | {
"page_id": 60887222,
"title": "Heptyne"
} |
Garbhanga Wildlife Sanctuary (formerly Garbhanga and Rani Reserve Forest) is a wildlife sanctuary on the southwestern side of Guwahati City, bordering the state of Meghalaya, India. The forested area is the key urban wildlife site and catchment area near Guwahati City. Located approximately 15 km (10 miles) away from G... | {
"page_id": 71307448,
"title": "Garbhanga Wildlife Sanctuary"
} |
along the Basistha river, up to the front side of the Government Art School and then follows the stream. Permanent boundary pillars are situated near the Basistha River, then the eastern boundary runs up to Umthana Forest Camp. The name of the river changes in different locations, such as Umsing, Umpani, Umrit etc. Thi... | {
"page_id": 71307448,
"title": "Garbhanga Wildlife Sanctuary"
} |
168 species of butterflies, and 15 species of spiders have been documented. == Disturbance and threats == In May 2005, at the 15th Annual Meeting of Early Bird, a local NGO warned the Assam government about the danger of losing the wildlife sanctuary in the future. The main threats to wildlife are encroachment, dumping... | {
"page_id": 71307448,
"title": "Garbhanga Wildlife Sanctuary"
} |
The Fondation du patrimoine, created by the law of July 2, 1996, is a French private, independent, non-profit organization whose mission is to safeguard and promote local French heritage. Organized into regional delegations staffed mainly by volunteers, it supports heritage restoration projects by promoting their finan... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
and helps finance projects (mobilizing the various players, granting the label, raising funds through sponsorship, public collection, or direct financing). == Action == === Methods of action === ==== Label ==== Under the law of July 2, 1996, the Fondation du patrimoine is authorized to award a label to work carried out... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
tax benefits. Patrons' clubs have been launched to unite companies around local projects. Today, some 30 clubs bring together 250 companies throughout France, who collectively represent the Fondation du patrimoine's second-largest sponsor. The first patron club was founded in 2010, bringing together a number of compani... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
patrimoine. This information site, dedicated to heritage and the challenges of restoring it, provides owners with a variety of content to help them carry out their restoration projects. The site deals with various themes related to heritage: Help and Financing Culture and Heritage Heritage actors Communication and Mobi... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
financial support for projects to preserve or enhance built heritage, carried out as part of integration projects for disadvantaged groups (unemployed young people, people in prison, the long-term unemployed, etc.), and for heritage training programs organized by schools, training centers, “chantiers écoles”, approved ... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
Foundation's articles of association provide for membership by individuals or legal entities in the same way as for an association. These specific features are designed to involve the founding companies closely in the running and financing of the foundation, and to attract widespread support from the general public. In... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
2017. Dominique Vérien, politician, senator for the Yonne department, in 2019 tabled a bill to modernize the tools and governance of the Fondation du patrimoine. == Key figures == In 2021, the Fondation du patrimoine supported 3189 projects and awarded 1806 labels; it obtained 117.7 million euros, of which 12.6% was fr... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
XII-4 L'affaire de tous, Le mécénat culturel d'entreprise La Fondation du patrimoine" [Chapter XII-4 Everyone's business, Corporate cultural sponsorship The Fondation du patrimoine]. L'Encyclopédie du patrimoine (Monuments historiques, Patrimoine bâti et naturel - Protection, restauration, réglementation. Doctrines - T... | {
"page_id": 78909628,
"title": "Fondation du patrimoine"
} |
Duplodnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all double-stranded DNA viruses that encode the HK97 fold major capsid protein. The HK97 fold major capsid protein (HK97 MCP) is the primary component of the viral capsid, which stores the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Viruses in the realm also share a number of ot... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
any case, herpesviruses appear to have lost most of these genes through reductive evolution. Outside of the realm, an HK97-like fold is only found in encapsulins, which form nanocompartments in prokaryotes and are likely derived from duplodnaviruses. == Classification == Duplodnaviria contains one kingdom, which is div... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
Other hallmark traits among viruses in the realm involve the structure and assembly of capsids and include a portal protein that forms the opening of the capsid, a protease that empties the capsid before viral DNA is packaged, and a terminase enzyme that packages viral DNA into the capsid. In herpesviruses, their prote... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
cuts the nucleic acid, creating a free end that it binds to. The terminase, now bound to the concatemer, attaches itself to the capsid portal and begins translocating the DNA from outside the capsid to the inside, using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis by its large subunit. As more DNA is inserted into the capsid, ... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
environments, however, they may be outnumbered by other viruses, such as tectiliviricetes in marine environments and ssDNA viruses in offshore sediments. Archaeal caudoviruses transfer biomes recurrently via host-switching, including transfering between anoxic, hypersaline, and marine environments. Archaeal caudoviruse... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
a variety of cargo proteins related to the oxidative stress response. Encapsulins assemble into icosahedrons like the capsids of duplodnaviruses, but the HK97 MCP in viruses is much more divergent and widespread than encapsulins, which form a narrow monophyletic clade. As such, it is more likely that encapsulins are de... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
genes in the caudovirus lineage. The transfer of such genes to varidnavirians may explain the evolutionary leap from "simple" varidnavirians to highly complex nucleocytoviruses. In any case, herpesviruses are thought to have lost most of the informational genes through reductive evolution. Mirusviruses have been found ... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
episomes. === Disease === Herpesviruses are associated with a wide range of diseases in their hosts, including a respiratory tract illness in chickens, a respiratory and reproductive illness in cattle, and tumors in sea turtles. In humans, herpesviruses usually cause various epithelial diseases such as herpes simplex, ... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
invented has sparked renewed interest in using lytic caudoviruses to treat bacterial infections. In the late 1990s, HK97 became the first bacteriophage to have its capsid structure solved. Diseases in humans caused by herpesviruses have been recognized for much of recorded history, and person-to-person transmission of ... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
for virus realms. Duplodnaviria is monotypic with only one kingdom, Heunggongvirae, so both the realm and kingdom have the same definition. Heunggongvirae takes the first part of its name from Cantonese 香港 [Hēunggóng], meaning and approximately pronounced "Hong Kong", which is a reference to bacteriophage HK97 (Hong Ko... | {
"page_id": 63770815,
"title": "Duplodnaviria"
} |
Identity preservation is the practice of tracking the details of agricultural shipments so that the specific characteristics of each shipment is known. Identity preserved (IP) is the designation given to such bulk commodities marketed in a manner that isolates and preserves the identity of a shipment, presumably becaus... | {
"page_id": 23662784,
"title": "Identity preservation"
} |
A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa. Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico ... | {
"page_id": 2756802,
"title": "Pantropical"
} |
Difluorides are chemical compounds with two fluorine atoms per molecule (or per formula unit). Metal difluorides are all ionic. Despite being highly ionic, the alkaline earth metal difluorides generally have extremely high lattice stability and are thus insoluble in water. The exception is beryllium difluoride. In addi... | {
"page_id": 34148547,
"title": "Difluoride"
} |
difluoride Methylphosphonyl difluoride Polyvinylidene difluoride == References == == Bibliography == Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1998). Chemistry of the Elements (second ed.). Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. Lide, David R. (2004). Handbook of chemistry and physics (84th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0566-... | {
"page_id": 34148547,
"title": "Difluoride"
} |
The Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B (Russian: Химическая физика, romanized: Khimicheskaya fizika) is an English-language translation of the eponymous Russian-language peer-reviewed scientific journal published by MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica and Springer Science+Business Media. The journal covers all aspects of ch... | {
"page_id": 40440002,
"title": "Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B"
} |
The molecular formula C17H13ClN4 (molar mass: 308.76 g/mol, exact mass: 308.0829 u) may refer to: Alprazolam 4'-Chlorodeschloroalprazolam Liarozole | {
"page_id": 24187079,
"title": "C17H13ClN4"
} |
The ascidian mitochondrial code (translation table 13) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Ascidia. == Code == AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSGGVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG Starts = ---M------------------------------MM---------------M------------ Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAA... | {
"page_id": 50729160,
"title": "Ascidian mitochondrial code"
} |
John David Hunt FRS (12 December 1936 – 8 December 2012) was a British metallurgist. His research career was mainly based at the University of Oxford, from 1966 to 2002. His legacy includes the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining's John Hunt Medal, awarded for 'outstanding contribution to the science and/or tec... | {
"page_id": 73732297,
"title": "John David Hunt"
} |
Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures. As a term, it covers a wide and diverse range of processes, skills, and tools for producing objects on every scale: from huge ships, buildings, and bridges, down to precise engin... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
oldest gold artifacts in the world come from the Bulgarian Varna Necropolis and date from 4450 BCE. Not all metal required fire to obtain it or work it. Isaac Asimov speculated that gold was the "first metal". His reasoning being, that, by its chemistry, it is found in nature as nuggets of pure gold. In other words, go... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
likely to be. As can be seen, iron is significantly higher than the other six metals while gold is dramatically lower than the six above it. Gold's low oxidation is one of the main reasons that gold is found in nuggets. These nuggets are relatively pure gold and are workable as they are found. Copper ore, being relativ... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
weapons. The period that followed became known as the Iron Age. == History == By the historical periods of the Pharaohs in Egypt, the Vedic Kings in India, the Tribes of Israel, and the Maya civilization in North America, among other ancient populations, precious metals began to have value attached to them. In some cas... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
tools. Each of these categories contains various processes. Prior to most operations, the metal must be marked out and/or measured, depending on the desired finished product. Marking out (also known as layout) is the process of transferring a design or pattern to a workpiece and is the first step in the handcraft of me... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
up. Cold sizing Extrusion Drawing Forging Powder metallurgy Friction drilling Rolling Burnishing === Sheet (and tube) forming processes === These types of forming process involve the application of mechanical force at room temperature. However, some recent developments involve the heating of dies and/or parts. Advancem... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
by the use of etching chemicals and masking chemicals. There are many technologies available to cut metal, including: Manual technologies: saw, chisel, shear or snips Machine technologies: turning, milling, drilling, grinding, sawing Welding/burning technologies: burning by laser, oxy-fuel burning, and plasma Erosion t... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
common types of mills are the horizontal mill and vertical mill. The pieces produced are usually complex 3D objects that are converted into x, y, and z coordinates that are then fed into the CNC machine and allow it to complete the tasks required. The milling machine can produce most parts in 3D, but some require the o... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
to complete, while very simple parts take only minutes. This in turn varies the production time as well, as each part will require different amounts of time. Safety is key with these machines. The bits are traveling at high speeds and removing pieces of usually scalding hot metal. The advantage of having a CNC milling ... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
of rotation. A hardened cutting tool is held at the desired height (usually the middle of the workpiece) by the toolpost. The carriage is then moved around the rotating workpiece, and the cutting tool gradually removes material from the workpiece. The tailstock can be slid along the axis of rotation and then locked in ... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
with a tap or die, thread milling, single-point thread cutting, thread rolling, cold root rolling and forming, and thread grinding. A tap is used to cut a female thread on the inside surface of a pre-drilled hole, while a die cuts a male thread on a preformed cylindrical rod. === Grinding === Grinding uses an abrasive ... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
and high volume production runs of precision components. === Filing === Filing is combination of grinding and saw tooth cutting using a file. Prior to the development of modern machining equipment it provided a relatively accurate means for the production of small parts, especially those with flat surfaces. The skilled... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
pieces. The filler metal reacts metallurgically with the workpieces and solidifies in the capillary, forming a strong joint. Unlike welding, the work piece is not melted. Brazing is similar to soldering, but occurs at temperatures in excess of 450 °C (842 °F). Brazing has the advantage of producing less thermal stresse... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
it is necessary to remove rivets, one of the rivet's heads is sheared off with a cold chisel. The rivet is then driven out with a hammer and punch. === Mechanical fixings === This includes screws, as well as bolts. This is often used as it requires relatively little specialist equipment, and are therefore often used in... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
layer of another metal such as gold, silver, chromium or zinc to the surface of the product by hydrolysis. It is used to reduce corrosion, create abrasion resistance and improve the product's aesthetic appearance. Plating can even change the properties of the original part including conductivity, heat dissipation or st... | {
"page_id": 266443,
"title": "Metalworking"
} |
Solar air conditioning, or "solar-powered air conditioning", refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through passive solar design, solar thermal energy conversion, and photovoltaic conversion (sunlight to electricity). The U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
to accommodate solar, so it’s a simple implementation. The disadvantage is that these air conditioners usually have a SEER value of 14 or less, and the supplied solar has some loss from the power conversion of DC (direct current) solar to AC even before it reaches the air conditioners. Another disadvantage is that thes... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
these systems is that, with enough solar and battery capacity, they can run at night or when it’s cloudy. Another mini split version allows the solar panels to be plugged directly to the outside part of the unit, uses a 310v DC power bus, and offers optional 120v plug-in backup grid power (Airspool) to be leveraged to ... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
without adding extra interior humidity (such as at McCarran Airport Las Vegas Nevada). In dry arid climates with relative humidity below 45% (about 40% of the continental U.S.) indirect evaporative coolers can achieve a SEER above 20, and up to SEER 40. A 29 kW (100,000 BTU/h) indirect evaporative cooler would only nee... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
cost of conventional air conditioning equipment. Earth cooling tubes are not cost effective in hot humid tropical environments where the ambient Earth temperature approaches human temperature comfort zone. A solar chimney or photovoltaic-powered fan can be used to exhaust undesired heat and draw in cooler, dehumidified... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
temperature drops in winter). The same type of geothermal well can be used without a heat pump but with greatly diminished results. Ambient earth temperature water is pumped through a shrouded radiator (like an automobile radiator). Air is blown across the radiator, which cools without a compressor-based air conditione... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
liquid, and a PV-powered low-rate water pump to circulate liquid. Active solar cooling wherein solar thermal collectors provide input energy for a desiccant cooling system. There are several commercially available systems that blow air through a desiccant impregnated medium for both the dehumidification and the regener... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
a primary element of designing a zero energy building in a hot climate. == Solar closed-loop absorption cooling == Closed-loop air conditioning commonly uses the following materials for water-based absorption: Ammonia Lithium Bromide Lithium Chloride Silica Gel Zeolite An alternative to water-based systems is to use me... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
have shown that flat plate solar collectors specially developed for temperatures over 200 °F (93 °C) (featuring double glazing, increased backside insulation, etc.) can be effective and cost-efficient. Where water can be heated well above 190 °F (88 °C), it can be stored and used when the sun is not shining. The Audubo... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
utilizing concentrating collectors == The main reasons for employing concentrating collectors in solar cooling systems are: high efficient air-conditioning through coupling with double/triple effect chillers; and solar refrigeration serving industrial end-users, possibly in combination with process heat and steam. Conc... | {
"page_id": 5837003,
"title": "Solar air conditioning"
} |
In pure and applied mathematics, particularly quantum mechanics and computer graphics and their applications, a spherical basis is the basis used to express spherical tensors. The spherical basis closely relates to the description of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and spherical harmonic functions. While spherica... | {
"page_id": 39653582,
"title": "Spherical basis"
} |
k ) {\displaystyle T_{q}^{(k)}} that satisfies the following relations is a spherical tensor: [ J ± , T q ( k ) ] = ℏ ( k ∓ q ) ( k ± q + 1 ) T q ± 1 ( k ) {\displaystyle [J_{\pm },T_{q}^{(k)}]=\hbar {\sqrt {(k\mp q)(k\pm q+1)}}T_{q\pm 1}^{(k)}} [ J z , T q ( k ) ] = ℏ q T q ( k ) {\displaystyle [J_{z},T_{q}^{(k)}]=\hb... | {
"page_id": 39653582,
"title": "Spherical basis"
} |
keep the magnitude (or "norm") of the vector positive definite. == Properties (three dimensions) == === Orthonormality === The spherical basis is an orthonormal basis, since the inner product ⟨, ⟩ (5) of every pair vanishes meaning the basis vectors are all mutually orthogonal: ⟨ e + , e − ⟩ = ⟨ e − , e 0 ⟩ = ⟨ e 0 , e... | {
"page_id": 39653582,
"title": "Spherical basis"
} |
{e} _{+}\\\mathbf {e} _{-}\\\mathbf {e} _{0}\end{pmatrix}}\,,\quad \mathbf {U} ^{-1}={\begin{pmatrix}-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}&+{\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}}&0\\+{\frac {i}{\sqrt {2}}}&+{\frac {i}{\sqrt {2}}}&0\\0&0&1\end{pmatrix}}\,.} It can be seen that U is a unitary matrix, in other words its Hermitian conjugate U† (complex... | {
"page_id": 39653582,
"title": "Spherical basis"
} |
inner product: ⟨ A , B ⟩ = A + B + ⋆ + A − B − ⋆ + A 0 B 0 ⋆ {\displaystyle \left\langle \mathbf {A} ,\mathbf {B} \right\rangle =A_{+}B_{+}^{\star }+A_{-}B_{-}^{\star }+A_{0}B_{0}^{\star }} == See also == Wigner–Eckart theorem Wigner D matrix 3D rotation group == References == === General === S. S. M. Wong (2008). Intr... | {
"page_id": 39653582,
"title": "Spherical basis"
} |
Abeba Birhane is an Ethiopian-born cognitive scientist who works at the intersection of complex adaptive systems, machine learning, algorithmic bias, and critical race studies. Birhane's work with Vinay Prabhu uncovered that large-scale image datasets commonly used to develop AI systems, including ImageNet and 80 Milli... | {
"page_id": 67047637,
"title": "Abeba Birhane"
} |
as offensive images. This resulted in MIT voluntarily and formally taking down the 80 Million Tiny Images dataset. More recently, Birhane has worked with Rediet Abebe, George Obaido, and Sekou Remy on researching the barriers to data sharing in Africa. They found that power imbalances are significant in the data sharin... | {
"page_id": 67047637,
"title": "Abeba Birhane"
} |
Asparagine synthetase (or aspartate-ammonia ligase) is a chiefly cytoplasmic enzyme that generates asparagine from aspartate. This amidation reaction is similar to that promoted by glutamine synthetase. The enzyme is ubiquitous in its distribution in mammalian organs, but basal expression is relatively low in tissues o... | {
"page_id": 11473111,
"title": "Asparagine synthetase"
} |
bound βAspAMP 1 to give asparagine and AMP via a tetrahedral intermediate. == Function == In plants, inorganic nitrogen is taken up from the environment in forms of nitrate or ammonium. Assimilation of this nitrogen into asparagine for use in nitrogen recycling, transport, and storage is an essential process for plant ... | {
"page_id": 11473111,
"title": "Asparagine synthetase"
} |
=== ==== Leukemia ==== Cancerous cells exhibit rapid growth and cell division and subsequently have an increased nutritional need. The particularly low-level expression of asparagine synthetase in primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and numerous ALL cell lines, as compared to that of normal cells, makes asparagi... | {
"page_id": 11473111,
"title": "Asparagine synthetase"
} |
L-asparaginase to drive further expression. Similar trends are often seen in human studies as well, with high levels of asparagine synthetase activity being detected in asparaginase-resistant cases of treatment as compared with the negligible activity of susceptible cases. As seen in in vitro studies of resistant human... | {
"page_id": 11473111,
"title": "Asparagine synthetase"
} |
model, asparagine synthetase was elevated in circulating tumor cells isolated from the mouse blood compared with the parental cell line. When these circulating tumor cells were returned to an in vitro culture and exposed to hypoxia, they showed higher basal expression and greater induction of asparagine synthetase than... | {
"page_id": 11473111,
"title": "Asparagine synthetase"
} |
The American Society for Mass Spectrometry (ASMS) is a professional association based in the United States that supports the scientific field of mass spectrometry. As of 2018, the society had approximately 10,000 members primarily from the US, but also from around the world. The society holds a large annual meeting, ty... | {
"page_id": 11014361,
"title": "American Society for Mass Spectrometry"
} |
female mass spectrometrists == References == == External links == ASMS website | {
"page_id": 11014361,
"title": "American Society for Mass Spectrometry"
} |
A skin equivalent is an in vitro skin model using to conduct experiments on processes involving the skin, such as wound healing and keratinocyte migration. It is a more complex form of the dermal equivalent. == References == | {
"page_id": 25432283,
"title": "Skin equivalent"
} |
The superkingdom Metakaryota was defined by Thomas Cavalier-Smith as advanced eukaryotes resulting from the endosymbiosis of a proteobacterium, giving rise to the mitochondrion, by an archezoan eukaryote. However, with the collapse of the Archezoa hypothesis (that amitochondriate eukaryotes were basal), this grouping w... | {
"page_id": 37294302,
"title": "Metakaryota"
} |
Cultural materialism is an anthropological research orientation first introduced by Marvin Harris in his 1968 book The Rise of Anthropological Theory, as a theoretical paradigm and research strategy. It is said to be the most enduring achievement of that work. Harris subsequently developed a full elaboration and defens... | {
"page_id": 13963489,
"title": "Cultural materialism (anthropology)"
} |
say and think and do as objects of scientific inquiry". In response to this cultural materialism makes a distinction between behavioral events and ideas, values, and other mental events. It also makes the distinction between emic and etic operations. Emic operations, within cultural materialism, are ones in which the d... | {
"page_id": 13963489,
"title": "Cultural materialism (anthropology)"
} |
as largely determining patterns of social organization and ideology in turn. === Disagreement with Marxism === In spite of the debt owed to the economic theories of Marx and Engels, cultural materialism rejects the Marxist dialectic which in turn was based on the theories of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hege... | {
"page_id": 13963489,
"title": "Cultural materialism (anthropology)"
} |
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