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Arthur Eichengrün (13 August 1867 – 23 December 1949) was a German Jewish chemist, materials scientist, and inventor. He is known for developing the highly successful anti-gonorrhea drug Protargol, the standard treatment for 50 years until the adoption of antibiotics, and for his pioneering contributions in plastics: c...	{ "page_id": 529207, "title": "Arthur Eichengrün" }
and sentenced to four months in prison for having failed to include the word "Israel" in his name in a letter to a Reich official (Nazi law required Jewish men to be identified as such, as they required Jewish women to identify as "Sarah".). In May 1944, he was arrested again on the same charge and deported to the conc...	{ "page_id": 529207, "title": "Arthur Eichengrün" }
a paper in Pharmazie in 1949, where he explained that he had instructed Hoffmann to synthesise acetylsalicylic acid and that the latter had done so without knowing the purpose of the work. The paper elucidated how he planned and directed the synthesis of aspirin along with the synthesis of several related compounds, de...	{ "page_id": 529207, "title": "Arthur Eichengrün" }
of the experimental pharmacology laboratory at Elberfeld, named them in a publication as propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, and benzoyl salicylic acids. He further alluded to these derivatives in 1907 and again in 1918. However, the assertion that these salicylic acid derivates had been synthesized for non-therapeutic reason...	{ "page_id": 529207, "title": "Arthur Eichengrün" }
was introduced as a new drug against gonorrhea. Protargol stayed in use until sulfa drugs and then antibiotics became available in the 1940s. === Plastics === In 1903, Eichengrün co-developed the first soluble form of cellulose acetate with Theodore Becker. He developed processes for the manufacture of cellulose acetat...	{ "page_id": 529207, "title": "Arthur Eichengrün" }
Ayanna Williams is an American who holds the world record for the longest fingernails ever reached on a single hand for a woman, with a combined length of 576.4 centimeters (181.09 inches). She is also ranked second in the list of having longest fingernails in the world considering both genders, just behind India's Shr...	{ "page_id": 67375932, "title": "Ayanna Williams" }
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of 29.9 m (98 ft) and weighing up to 199 t (196 long tons; 219 short tons), it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can be of various shades of greyish-bl...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
of this through morphological or epidemiological analysis. These analyses are accompanied by chemical profiles that use fecal and tissue which continue to prove the impact of man-made threats. == Taxonomy == === Nomenclature === The genus name, Balaenoptera, means winged whale, while the species name, musculus, could m...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
genome sequencing suggests that blue whales are most closely related to sei whales with gray whales as a sister group. This study also found significant gene flow between minke whales and the ancestors of the blue and sei whale. Blue whales also displayed high genetic diversity. ==== Hybridization ==== Blue whales are ...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
genome was derived from hybridization with fin whales. Gene flow was found to be unidirectional from fin whales to blue whales. Comparison with Antarctic blue whales showed that this hybridization began after the separation of the northern and southern populations. Despite their smaller size, fin whales have similar cr...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
Alaska during fall and early winter. Northern Indian Ocean subspecies (B. m. indica) – This subspecies can be found year-round in the northwestern Indian Ocean, though some individuals have recorded travelling to the Crozet Islands during between summer and fall. Pygmy blue whale (B. m. brevicauda) Madagascar populatio...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
Jorge Acevedo and Trevor Branch provided new morphometric data from a survey of 60 Chilean blue whales, hoping to address the debate about the possible distinction of this population from others in the Southern Hemisphere. Data from this study, based on whales collected in the 1965/1966 whaling season, shows that both ...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
can appear yellowish due to diatoms in the water, which historically earned them the nickname "sulphur bottom". The male blue whale has the largest penis in the animal kingdom, at around 3 m (9.8 ft) long and 12 in (30 cm) wide. === Size === The blue whale is the largest animal known ever to have existed. Some studies ...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
ft) for Antarctic blue whales, 23.5 meters (77.1 ft) for Chilean blue whales, and 21.3 meters (69.9 ft) for pygmy blue whales. In the Northern Hemisphere, males weigh an average 100 metric tons (220,000 lb) and females 112 metric tons (247,000 lb). Eastern North Pacific blue whale males average 88.5 tonnes (195,000 lb)...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
fetus is located where the embryonic and fetal phases converge. This fetus is the youngest gestational age of the specimen recorded. === Life span === Blue whales live around 80–90 years or more. Scientists look at a blue whale's earwax or ear plug to estimate its age. Each year, a light and dark layer of wax is laid c...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
however, the longest dive measured was 15.2 minutes. The deepest confirmed dive from a pygmy blue whale was 506 meters (1,660 ft). A blue whale's heart rate can drop to 2 beats per minute (bpm) at deep depths, but upon surfacing, can rise to 37 bpm, which is close to its peak heart rate. === Diet and feeding === The bl...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
feed on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). In the South Australia, pygmy blue whales (B. m. brevicauda) feeds on Nyctiphanes australis. In California, they feed mostly on Thysanoessa spinifera, but also less commonly on North pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica). Research of the Eastern North Pacific population shows t...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
ft) for males. In the Southern Hemisphere, the length of maturity is 23–24 meters (75–79 ft) and 22 meters (72 ft) for females and males respectively. Male pygmy blue whales average 18.7 meters (61.4 ft) at sexual maturity. Female pygmy blue whales are 21.0–21.7 meters (68.9–71.2 ft) in length and roughly 10 years old ...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
grounds. === Vocalizations === Blue whales produce some of the loudest and lowest frequency vocalizations in the animal kingdom, and their inner ears appear well adapted for detecting low-frequency sounds. The fundamental frequency for blue whale vocalizations ranges from 8 to 25 Hz. Blue whale songs vary between popul...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
of blue whales in the Eastern North Pacific decreased in tonal frequency by 31% from the early 1960s to the early 21st century. The frequency of pygmy blue whales in the Antarctic has decreased by a few tenths of a hertz every year starting in 2002. It is possible that as blue whale populations recover from whaling, th...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
coast of Western Australia, two in 2019 and one more in 2021. The first victim was estimated to be 18–22 meters (59–72 ft). === Infestations and health threats === In Antarctic waters, blue whales accumulate diatoms of the species Cocconeis ceticola and the genera Navicola, which are normally removed when the whales en...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
formally classified as endangered under both the U.S. Endangered Species Act and the IUCN Red List. They are also listed on Appendix I under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Although, ...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
killed by ships between 1998 and 2019 off the U.S. West Coast. Five deaths in 2007 off California were considered an unusual mortality event, as defined under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Lethal ship strikes are also a problem in Sri Lankan waters, where their habitat intersects with one of the world's most active...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
for bioaccumulation of organic chemical contaminants. Analysis of the earwax of a male blue whale killed by a collision with a ship off the coast of California showed contaminants like pesticides, flame retardants, and mercury. Reconstructed persistent organic pollutant (POP) profiles suggested that a substantial mater...	{ "page_id": 4925, "title": "Blue whale" }
The first isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher. DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells of an organism isolated from a sample, typically a biological sample such as blood, saliva, or tissue. It involves breaking open the cells, removing proteins and other...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
will remain in the liquid. Purification: After the DNA is precipitated, it is usually further purified by using column-based methods. For example, silica-based spin columns can be used to bind the DNA, while contaminants are washed away. Alternatively, a centrifugation step can be used to purify the DNA by spinning it ...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
proteins by adding a protease (optional). Breaking down RNA by adding an RNase (optional). The solution is treated with a concentrated salt solution (saline) to make debris such as broken proteins, lipids, and RNA clump together. Centrifugation of the solution, which separates the clumped cellular debris from the DNA. ...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
or isopropanol, which are used to precipitate the DNA. Salt, such as NaCl, which is often used to help dissolve the DNA and maintain its stability. EDTA, which is used to chelate the metals ions that can damage the DNA. Tris-HCL, which is used to maintain the pH at the optimal condition for DNA extraction. == Method se...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
not yield as much quantity and the DNA yielded is single-stranded, which means it can only be used for PCR-based analyses and not for RFLP. Solid phase extraction such as using a spin-column-based extraction method takes advantage of the fact that DNA binds to silica. The sample containing DNA is added to a column cont...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
thick cellular walls, for example, yeast samples containing mixed DNA from multiple sources Extrachromosomal DNA is generally easy to isolate, especially plasmids may be easily isolated by cell lysis followed by precipitation of proteins, which traps chromosomal DNA in insoluble fraction and after centrifugation, plasm...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
method == In this method, plant nuclei are isolated by physically grinding tissues and reconstituting the intact nuclei in a unique Nuclear Isolation Buffer (NIB). The plastid DNAs are released from organelles and eliminated with an osmotic buffer by washing and centrifugation. The purified nuclei are then lysed and fu...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
Celsius. The extracted DNA should be regularly checked for its quality and integrity, such as by running a gel electrophoresis or spectrophotometry. The storage conditions should be also noted and controlled, such as the temperature and humidity. It's also important to consider the long-term stability of the DNA and th...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
as a QC method by amplifying a small fragment of the DNA, if the amplification is successful, it means the extracted DNA is of good quality and it's not degraded. Qubit Fluorometer: The Qubit Fluorometer is an instrument that uses fluorescent dyes to measure the concentration of DNA and RNA in a sample. It is a quick a...	{ "page_id": 1053500, "title": "DNA extraction" }
Avoidance reaction is a term used in the description of the movement of paramecium. This helps the cell avoid obstacles and causes other objects to bounce off of the cell's outer membrane. The paramecium does this by reversing the direction in which its cilia beat. This results in stopping, spinning or turning, after w...	{ "page_id": 9638718, "title": "Avoidance reaction" }
Wafer bonding is a packaging technology on wafer-level for the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), microelectronics and optoelectronics, ensuring a mechanically stable and hermetically sealed encapsulation. The wafers' diameter range from 100 mm to 200 mm (4 inch ...	{ "page_id": 31331135, "title": "Wafer bonding" }
of hermeticity either for fabricated devices or for the purpose of process development. Therefore, several different approaches for the bond characterization have emerged. On the one hand non-destructive optical methods to find cracks or interfacial voids are used beside destructive techniques for the bond strength eva...	{ "page_id": 31331135, "title": "Wafer bonding" }
DD-Peptidase may refer to: Muramoylpentapeptide carboxypeptidase, an enzyme Serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase, an enzyme	{ "page_id": 39260994, "title": "DD-Peptidase" }
A reedbed or reed bed is a natural habitat found in floodplains, waterlogged depressions and estuaries. Reedbeds are part of a succession from young reeds colonising open water or wet ground through a gradation of increasingly dry ground. As reedbeds age, they build up a considerable litter layer that eventually rises ...	{ "page_id": 1774404, "title": "Reed bed" }
also occur, such as water mint (Mentha aquatica), gipsywort (Lycopus europaeus), skull-cap (Scutellaria species), touch-me-not balsam (Impatiens noli-tangere), brooklime (Veronica beccabunga) and water forget-me-nots (Myosotis species). Many animals are adapted to living in and around reedbeds. These include mammals su...	{ "page_id": 1774404, "title": "Reed bed" }
The palatine raphe (also median palatine raphe) is a raphe of the oral cavity. It is a narrow, slight midline ridge extending anteroposteriorly across the palate, from the incisive papilla anteriorly to the palatine uvula posteriorly. Beneath the raphe, the submucosa is absent.: 637 == Anatomy == The palatine raphe is ...	{ "page_id": 9311047, "title": "Palatine raphe" }
Calcium plays a crucial role in regulating the events of cellular division. Calcium acts both to modulate intracellular signaling as a secondary messenger and to facilitate structural changes as cells progress through division. Exquisite control of intracellular calcium dynamics are required, as calcium appears to play...	{ "page_id": 55841611, "title": "Calcium signaling in cell division" }
a variety of organisms at different stages of division, such as nuclear membrane breakdown and the metaphase-anaphase transition. Further, recent work has shown mechanically induced rapid entry into mitosis of cells paused in G2. Further, progression through division requires the presence of calcium (G1/S, G2/M, and me...	{ "page_id": 55841611, "title": "Calcium signaling in cell division" }
A Radio Recombination Line (RRL) in astrophysics is a spectral emission line produced by the transition of electrons between two energy levels in an atom, and with a rest frequency in the radio band of the electromagnetic spectrum. This effect is believed to be produced in ionized gas, and driven by the recombination o...	{ "page_id": 79827787, "title": "Radio Recombination Lines" }
transition, at a rest frequency of 8872.5 MHz and produced in the Omega Nebula. A separate Russian group detected the H104α line one month later in May 1964, again in the Omega nebula. RRLs were first observed at cosmological distances ( z = 1.124) in 2019, and are suggested to have originated from a warm Hydrogen or c...	{ "page_id": 79827787, "title": "Radio Recombination Lines" }
An electrojet is an electric current which travels around the E region of the Earth's ionosphere. There are three electrojets: one above the magnetic equator (the equatorial electrojet), and one each near the Northern and Southern Polar Circles (the Auroral Electrojets). Electrojets are Hall currents carried primarily ...	{ "page_id": 5575501, "title": "Electrojet" }
electric field in the auroral ionosphere is also larger than that at lower latitudes. Since the strength of the current is directly proportional to the vector product of the conductivity and the horizontal electric field, the auroral electrojet currents are generally larger than those at lower latitudes. During magneti...	{ "page_id": 5575501, "title": "Electrojet" }
Teleology in biology is the use of the language of goal-directedness in accounts of evolutionary adaptation, which some biologists and philosophers of science find problematic. The term teleonomy has also been proposed. Before Darwin, organisms were seen as existing because God had designed and created them; their feat...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
Natural theology === Before Darwin, natural theology both assumed the existence of God and used the appearance of function in nature to argue for the existence of God. The English parson-naturalist John Ray stated that his intention was "to illustrate the glory of God in the knowledge of the works of nature or creation...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
that evolution was aiming for a supposed spiritual "Omega Point" in what he called "directed additivity". With the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis, in which the genetic mechanisms of evolution were discovered, the hypothesis of orthogenesis was largely abandoned by biologists, especially with Ronald Fish...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
can be described as an exaptation, having been co-opted for flight but having evolved earlier for another purpose such as insulation. Biologists may describe both the co-option and the earlier adaptation in teleological language. == Status in evolutionary biology == === A problematic issue === Apparent teleology is a r...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
though Lamarck himself spoke rather of habits of use, and the belief that his thinking was teleological has been challenged. Fourthly, the teleological explanation of adaptation is uncomfortable because it seems to require backward causation, in which existing traits are explained by future outcomes; because it seems t...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
metaphors and actually being teleological. Michael Heads, on the other hand, describes a change in Darwin's thinking about evolution that can be traced from the first volume of On the Origin of Species to later volumes. For Heads, Darwin was originally a far more teleological thinker, but over time, "learned to avoid t...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
of teleological explanation to non-human animals by noting that "A deer running away from a mountain lion ... has at least the appearance of purposeful behavior." Second, teleological explanations are useful for systems that have a mechanism for self-regulation despite fluctuations in environment; for example, the self...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
in biology is important as "a heuristic in the search for causal explanations of nature and ... an inevitable analogical perspective on living beings." In her view of Kant, teleology implies something that cannot be explained by science, but only understood through analogy. Colin Pittendrigh coined the similar term 'te...	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
anti-reductionist sentiments. The biologist J. B. S. Haldane observed that "Teleology is like a mistress to a biologist: he cannot live without her but he's unwilling to be seen with her in public." == See also == Fitness landscape Teleomechanism == Notes == == References ==	{ "page_id": 51188560, "title": "Teleology in biology" }
Helopeltis antonii, also known as the tea mosquito bug, are heteropterans found within the Miridae family. They have a relatively large geographical distribution and are a known pest of many agricultural “cash” crops such as cocoa, cashew, and tea. Subsequently, their impact negatively influences economic growth within...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
Arousal consists of both chemical and tactile stimuli. Pheromones play an important role in the chemical attraction of females for mating. Although these chemical cues are important, physical cues comprise the bulk of mate attraction and arousal. Males are the sole initiators for reproductive encounters. This first don...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
to feed and clean their own genitals and antenna—this feeding and cleaning behaviour typically occurs within a few steps from the site of copulation. Females do not respond to any other mating advances immediately following copulation. However, females typically reproduce more than once during their lifetime. Interspec...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
are ovo-elongate and silvery-white in colour and are approximately 1.0x0.3mm in size. Abundance of eggs laid is also weather dependent. Conditions that yield higher temperatures and increased sun exposure result in a higher abundance; whereas cooler temperatures, less available sunlight, and increased rain exposure red...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
segment. === Environmental influence === Although colouration is an important identifying feature of H. antonii it is subject to variation due to variations in temperature and sunlight exposure. Red colour morphs tend to peak in abundance during October and reach their minimum abundance during February (for males) and ...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
is preferred. In addition to the consumption of native plant species, agricultural “cash crops” such black pepper, cashew, cocoa, and tea as are often at high risk for consumption and damage due to their large-scale cultivation and ease of accessibility. However, their feeding schedule on these is agricultural crops ar...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
level of toxicity. Additionally, many countries that import these crops do not import those that have traces of pesticides. Thus, natural predators and parasitoids have been looked to for their biological control properties to prevent the use of these harmful chemicals. === Biological control === H. antonii are subject...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
more of the native landscape becomes converted into agricultural lands it provides an increased food supply for them. This increased food supply allows for an increase in population. As their population increases more plant tissues are subject to damage and injury. Thus, injured plants are no longer able to allocate th...	{ "page_id": 62395217, "title": "Helopeltis antonii" }
Viability PCR, also named v-PCR or vPCR, is an evolution of PCR. Through the use of a simple pre-treatment of the sample by the means of specific intercalating photo-reactive reagents it's possible to neutralize the DNA of dead cells. As a result, only DNA from live cells will be detected by PCR. This approach expands ...	{ "page_id": 48698195, "title": "Viability PCR" }
and controlling the analytical bias, nowadays the vPCR becomes a powerful analytical tool. == References ==	{ "page_id": 48698195, "title": "Viability PCR" }
Esterase D may refer to: Methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase, an enzyme Carboxylesterase, an enzyme	{ "page_id": 38998868, "title": "Esterase D" }
In theoretical physics the Hanany–Witten transition, also called the Hanany–Witten effect, refers to any process in a superstring theory in which two p-branes cross resulting in the creation or destruction of a third p-brane. A special case of this process was first discovered by Amihay Hanany and Edward Witten in 1996...	{ "page_id": 20124501, "title": "Hanany–Witten transition" }
one then one will be created. In other words, there cannot be more than one D3 brane that stretches between a D5 brane and an NS5 brane. == Generalizations == === (p,q) 5-branes === More generally, NS5-branes and D5-branes may form bound states known as (p,q) 5-branes. The above argument was extended in Branes and Supe...	{ "page_id": 20124501, "title": "Hanany–Witten transition" }
Sebastian Hiram Shaw is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He has been frequently depicted as an adversary of the X-Men. A mutant, Shaw possesses the ability to absorb energy and transform it into his own raw strength. He is the leader of the New York branch of the Hellfire Clu...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
not trust Buckman, and feared that Shaw's ambition and the nature of the Hellfire Club would corrupt him. === Taking over === Lourdes is soon seemingly killed by Sentinels in a battle. Upon discovering that Ned Buckman, the White King of the Council, is supporting Steven Lang's Project: Armageddon and its Sentinels, he...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
prove ineffective at defeating the X-Men in the field, and the first two mutants they locate in this manner are lost. Now aware of the Hellfire Club's existence, the X-Men infiltrate their headquarters, where they are defeated and captured. However, they escape before Shaw can put them to use. Shaw's control of the Hel...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
a new armored containment suit, Holocaust agreed to help Shaw capture X-Force, which he did with ease. Shaw then had Tessa telepathically brainwash X-Force to hunt down Cable, but Cable used his own emergent telepathy to break the conditioning and free his team. Shaw's relationship with Holocaust declined soon after. S...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
met with the X-Men, claiming to be somewhat reformed, just before Pierce's attack. He was then wounded by Pierce, but remained strong enough to knock the cyborg Pierce's head off. However, Shaw was too hurt to maintain his club position and was replaced by Sunspot, who became the Lord Imperial of the Hellfire Club. ===...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
investigate. Shaw however knows the cause. The explosion in the Hellfire Club was caused by the activation of a machine developed beneath the Alamogordo genetics plant in Las Cruces, New Mexico by Mister Sinister. In the past Sinister had worked here (disguised as a Dr. Milbury) alongside Brian Xavier, Kurt Marko and I...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
leaves. === Original Sin === Later, Shaw joins forces with Claudine Renko, a.k.a. Miss Sinister, a female clone of Mister Sinister. Together they manipulate Wolverine into defeating the new members of the Inner Circle, try to take control of Logan's son, Daken, and set up a trap against Xavier. Shaw also attempts to ki...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
basis that the Sentinels he commissioned were ones later used by Cassandra Nova to destroy Genosha. She sentences him to remember nothing but the faces of the Genoshan victims using her telepathy. === Necrosha === Shaw is targeted by Selene along with all those who failed her in her attempt to ascend to godhood. It is ...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
engage Frost's group, stating that he would rather die than see Emma go on breathing a moment longer. Helped by a maimed Fantomex, the former White Queen tricks Shaw into allowing her into his mind, and (with a little encouragement from Shadowcat), as opposed to killing him, finds the most landlocked place in his mind,...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
to break out of the cell and into the storm drain. Hercules, Tigra and Madison Jeffries try to stop him, but are quickly defeated. Elsewhere, the young mutants from Utopia, now joined by Ricochet, Wiz Kid and Hollow, confront the Academy students. Shortly after this, Shaw appears to the teenagers. Before a battle betwe...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
simultaneously framing the mutants for sabotaging the drugs they had been giving humans to suggest they had been trying to kill innocent people, Shaw openly defected from Krakoa to assist Orchis. He even accepted a demand to sacrifice his mutant powers to associate with Orchis, believing that he could profit from claim...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
would lose consciousness when he surpassed his capabilities. Subsequently, however, Shaw has been shown to now be able to take in an indefinite amount of energy without any ill effects. The power he absorbs dissipates over time, and exposure to the elements causes it to drain rapidly. Without any absorbed energy, Shaw ...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
the Hellfire Club as her protégé, who wanted to use her to seduce General Wallace Worthington and extract military secrets to defeat George Washington. Elizabeth fell in love with Worthington and married him, neglecting her duties to Lady Grey. Worthington is killed by the Hellfire Club, though it is hinted that Elizab...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
Gambit. After the death of Apocalypse and the rise of his successor Weapon Omega, Shaw managed to acquire Warren Worthington III's nightclub "Haven" and remade it into his image and renamed it as Hellfire Club. The nightclub eventually became an international social club for wealthy elites, all the while trying to infl...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
Animated Series four-part episode "The Dark Phoenix", voiced by David Bryant. This version is a member of the Inner Circle Club. Shaw appears in X-Men '97, voiced by Travis Willingham. As of this series, he became a member of Genosha's ruling council before he is killed amidst a Sentinel invasion. Sebastian Shaw appear...	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
opportunity to seize control of a possible cure for the Legacy Virus. == References == == External links == Sebastian Shaw at Marvel.com Sebastian Shaw (House of M) at Marvel.com Sebastian Shaw: The Virtue of Selfishness at UncannyXmen.net	{ "page_id": 398166, "title": "Sebastian Shaw (character)" }
In geometry, Hesse's principle of transfer (German: Übertragungsprinzip) states that if the points of the projective line P1 are depicted by a rational normal curve in Pn, then the group of the projective transformations of Pn that preserve the curve is isomorphic to the group of the projective transformations of P1 (t...	{ "page_id": 50664282, "title": "Hesse's principle of transfer" }
A buckling is a form of hot-smoked herring similar to the kipper and the bloater. The head and guts are removed but the roe or milt remain. They may be eaten hot or cold. == Terminology == The name comes from the German word bückling or the Swedish böckling, both words denoting a type of hot-smoked herring and is a ref...	{ "page_id": 8262492, "title": "Buckling (fish)" }
Regnier de Graaf (English spelling), original Dutch spelling Reinier de Graaf, or Latinized Reijnerus de Graeff (30 July 1641 – 17 August 1673), was a Dutch physician, physiologist and anatomist who made key discoveries in reproductive biology. He specialized in iatrochemistry and iatrogenesis, and was the first to dev...	{ "page_id": 1446750, "title": "Regnier de Graaf" }
De Graaf died on 17 August and was buried respectfully on 21 August in the nearby Old Church, Delft on a prominent spot, at the choir. It has been speculated that he may have committed suicide, but it is more likely it was malaria, typhoid fever or dysentery as in other Dutch cities; the disease persisted throughout th...	{ "page_id": 1446750, "title": "Regnier de Graaf" }
Swammerdam confronted him after his publication of DeMulierum Organis Generatione Inservientibu and accused him of taking credit of discoveries he and Johannes van Horne had made earlier regarding the importance of the ovary and its eggs. De Graaf issued a rebuttal but was affected by the accusation of plagiarism. === ...	{ "page_id": 1446750, "title": "Regnier de Graaf" }
inservientibus tractatus novus : demonstrans tam homines & animalia caetera omnia, quae vivipara dicuntur, haud minus quàm ovipara ab ovo originem ducere De Graaf, R (1686) Alle de Wercken. Leyden, Netherlands. == References == == Other sources == Houtzager HL. Reinier de Graaf 1641–1673 (Dutch). Rotterdam: Erasmus pub...	{ "page_id": 1446750, "title": "Regnier de Graaf" }
Thoemmes, 2003, vol. 1, 348–9. ISBN 1-85506-966-0. Ruler Han van (2007). 'Graaf, Reinier de' Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2007, vol. 2, 570. Speert H (1956). "Obstetric-gynecologic eponyms; Reinier de Graaf and the graafian follicles". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 7 (5): 582–8. PMID 133099...	{ "page_id": 1446750, "title": "Regnier de Graaf" }
The Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), located in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of six human nutrition research centers in the United States supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. The goal of the HNRCA, which is managed by Tufts University, is t...	{ "page_id": 39326559, "title": "Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging" }
USDA nutrient data bank, advancements in the study of sarcopenia, heart disease, vision, brain and cognitive function, front of packaging food labeling initiatives, and research of how genetic factors impact predisposition to weight gain and various health indicators. == Center structure == The HNRCA employs 270 people...	{ "page_id": 39326559, "title": "Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging" }
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance, synonym epidemiological reconnaissance is a literal name of a concept and routine of finding out disease potential on a territory of arrival of major contingent. Russian: санитарно-эпидемиологическая разведка, син. эпидемиологическая разведка. This is a kind of medical reconnais...	{ "page_id": 35525473, "title": "Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance" }
wartime and emergency of peace time the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and medical control of vital and communal activity of the armed forces. == Difference from Epidemic Intelligence Service == Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance as a practice has nothi...	{ "page_id": 35525473, "title": "Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance" }
to the specific disease, their isolation and hospitalization. A sanitary-epidemiological kit is constructed, consisting of two separate units, but each adaptable to use with the other: a portable laboratory kit and a portable combination lab apparatus. The two units can be useful in the work of epidemiologists during s...	{ "page_id": 35525473, "title": "Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance" }
Intelligence Service of the Communicable Disease Center". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 42 (3): 235–8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.42.3.235. PMC 1526024. PMID 14903237.	{ "page_id": 35525473, "title": "Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance" }
Pacific Conservation Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing and dedicated to conservation and wildlife management in the Pacific region. It publishes original research, reviews, perspectives and book reviews. Pacific Conservation Biology was established in June 1993 by Surrey Beatty...	{ "page_id": 25170787, "title": "Pacific Conservation Biology" }
In loop quantum gravity, an s-knot is an equivalence class of spin networks under diffeomorphisms. In this formalism, s-knots represent the quantum states of the gravitational field. == External links == Living Reviews in Relativity: Loop Quantum Gravity: Diffeomorphism invariance Rovelli, Carlo (1996-10-14). "Black Ho...	{ "page_id": 7803747, "title": "S-knot" }
A piscivore () is a carnivorous animal that primarily eats fish. Fish were the diet of early tetrapod evolution (via water-bound amphibians during the Devonian period); insectivory came next; then in time, the more terrestrially adapted reptiles and synapsids evolved herbivory. Almost all predatory fishes (most sharks,...	{ "page_id": 6755173, "title": "Piscivore" }

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