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Glossary of probability and statistics N Glossary_of_probability_and_statistics > N nonparametric regression nonparametric statistics non-sampling error normal distribution normal probability plot null hypothesis (H0) The statement being tested in a test of statistical significance; usually a statement of 'no effect' o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Energiesprong Summary Energiesprong Energiesprong (English: Energy leap) is a program that originated in the Netherlands that introduced and retrofitted houses that satisfy energy efficient standards. It has since been implemented in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Canada. The program typically consi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Common Lisp Defining functions Common_Lisp > Data types > Functions > Defining functions The macro defun defines functions where a function definition gives the name of the function, the names of any arguments, and a function body: Function definitions may include compiler directives, known as declarations, which provi...
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Time arrow Thermodynamic arrow of time Time_arrow > Arrows > Thermodynamic arrow of time The arrow of time is the "one-way direction" or "asymmetry" of time. The thermodynamic arrow of time is provided by the second law of thermodynamics, which says that in an isolated system, entropy tends to increase with time. Entro...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Pharyngeal cancer Research Pharyngeal_cancer > Research Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is being investigated in head and neck cancers.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Energy efficiency of internal combustion engines Starting Internal-combustion_engine > Starting Some small engines use a pull-rope mechanism called "recoil starting", as the rope rewinds itself after it has been pulled out to start the engine. This method is commonly used in pushed lawn mowers and other settings where ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Philosophy of physics Interpretations of quantum mechanics Philosophy_of_physics > Philosophy of quantum mechanics > Interpretations of quantum mechanics In March 1927, working in Niels Bohr's institute, Werner Heisenberg formulated the principle of uncertainty thereby laying the foundation of what became known as the ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Working Memory Measures and correlates Working_Memory > Capacity > Measures and correlates At the end of the list of sentences, they repeated back the words in their correct order. Other tasks that do not have this dual-task nature have also been shown to be good measures of working memory capacity. Whereas Daneman and...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Rheumatoid arthritis Blood Rheumatic_arthritis > Signs and symptoms > Blood Anemia is by far the most common abnormality of the blood cells which can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. The chronic inflammation caused by RA leads to raised hepcidin levels, leading to anemia of chronic disease where iron is poorly abs...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Reynolds Number Pipe friction Reynolds_Number > Pipe friction Pressure drops seen for fully developed flow of fluids through pipes can be predicted using the Moody diagram which plots the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f against Reynolds number Re and relative roughness ε/D. The diagram clearly shows the laminar, trans...
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Charles Sanders Peirce Scientific method Logic_of_relatives > Philosophy > Pragmatism > Theory of inquiry > Scientific method ii. Probation: direct Inductive Argumentation. Crude or Gradual in procedure.
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Photosystem Reaction centers Photosystem > Reaction centers This funneling of energy is performed via resonance transfer, which occurs when energy from an excited molecule is transferred to a molecule in the ground state. This ground state molecule will be excited, and the process will continue between molecules all th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Eye movement (sensory) Spatial variation Eye_movement_disorder > Scene viewing > Spatial variation Areas containing more meaningful features, or areas where colour aids the discrimination of objects, can influence eye movements. Images which are related to previous images shown can also have an effect. Eye movements ca...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bitboard Magic bitboards Bitboard > Chess bitboards > Auxiliary bitboard representations > Magic bitboards As with other schemes which require a perfect hashing function, an exhaustive process of enumeration, partly algorithmic and partly trial and error, is necessary to generate the hash function. But the intractable ...
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Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field Coulomb gauge Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field > Potential field approach > Gauge freedom > Coulomb gauge The Coulomb gauge is chosen in such a way that ∇ ⋅ A ′ = 0 {\displaystyle \mathbf {\nabla } \cdot \mathbf {A} '=0} , which corresponds to...
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Von Staudt–Clausen theorem Summary Von_Staudt–Clausen_theorem In number theory, the von Staudt–Clausen theorem is a result determining the fractional part of Bernoulli numbers, found independently by Karl von Staudt (1840) and Thomas Clausen (1840). Specifically, if n is a positive integer and we add 1/p to the Bernoul...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Limit analysis Summary Limit_analysis Limit analysis is a structural analysis field which is dedicated to the development of efficient methods to directly determine estimates of the collapse load of a given structural model without resorting to iterative or incremental analysis. For this purpose, the field of limit ana...
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Manifold hypothesis Summary Manifold_hypothesis The manifold hypothesis posits that many high-dimensional data sets that occur in the real world actually lie along low-dimensional latent manifolds inside that high-dimensional space. As a consequence of the manifold hypothesis, many data sets that appear to initially re...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Resistor ladder Voltage Mode Resistor_ladder > R–2R resistor ladder network (digital to analog conversion) > Voltage Mode These can be filtered with capacitance at the output node (the consequent reduction in bandwidth may be significant in some applications). Finally, the 2R resistance is in series with the digital-ou...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Regularization perspectives on support vector machines Notes and references Regularization_perspectives_on_support_vector_machines > Notes and references doi:10.1023/A:1018946025316. Joachims, Thorsten. "SVMlight".
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Epsilon, delta Non-equality of one-sided limits Limit_at_infinity > Functions of a single variable > Examples > Non-equality of one-sided limits The function has a limit at every non-zero x-coordinate (the limit equals 1 for negative x and equals 2 for positive x). The limit at x = 0 does not exist (the left-hand limit...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation Higgs sector Klein–Gordon_equation > Derivation > Klein–Gordon equation in a potential > Higgs sector This is also discussed below in the scalar chromodynamics section. The Higgs field is modelled by a potential V ( H ) = − m 2 H † H + λ ( H † H ) 2 {\displaystyle V(H)=-m^{2}H^{\dagger }...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Globalization and disease Tuberculosis Globalization_and_disease > Specific diseases > Tuberculosis If and when the disease does become active in the body, it can multiply rapidly, causing the person to develop many symptoms including cough (sometimes with blood), night sweats, fever, chest pains, loss of appetite and ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells Role in immunity Plasmacytoid_dendritic_cell > Role in immunity Upon stimulation and subsequent activation of TLR7 and TLR9, these cells produce large amounts (up to 1,000 times more than other cell type) of type I interferon (mainly IFN-α and IFN-β), which are critical anti-viral compounds...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Combination Number of ways to put objects into bins Combination > Number of ways to put objects into bins {\displaystyle n!} distinct numberings, but many of them are equivalent, because only the set of items in a bin matters, not their order in it. Every combined permutation of each bins' contents produces an equivale...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
New Horizons Speed New_Horizons > Speed New Horizons has been called "the fastest spacecraft ever launched" because it left Earth at 16.26 kilometers per second (58,536 km/h; 36,373 mph). It is also the first spacecraft launched directly into a solar escape trajectory, which requires an approximate speed while near Ear...
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Affine connection Formal definition on the frame bundle Affine_connection > Formal definition on the frame bundle An affine connection may also be defined as a principal GL(n) connection ω on the frame bundle FM or GL(M) of a manifold M. In more detail, ω is a smooth map from the tangent bundle T(FM) of the frame bundl...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Air propulsion Summary Propulsion Propulsion is the generation of force by any combination of pushing or pulling to modify the translational motion of an object, which is typically a rigid body (or an articulated rigid body) but may also concern a fluid. The term is derived from two Latin words: pro, meaning before or ...
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Program optimization Run time Code_optimization > Levels of optimization > Run time Just-in-time compilers can produce customized machine code based on run-time data, at the cost of compilation overhead. This technique dates to the earliest regular expression engines, and has become widespread with Java HotSpot and V8 ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Second law of thermodynamics Energy, available useful work Second_law_of_thermodynamics > Corollaries > Energy, available useful work (Also, see process engineer). Those changes have already been considered by the assumption that the system under consideration can reach equilibrium with the reference state without alte...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Matrix (numismatics) Terminology Matrix_(numismatics) > Terminology The matrix is an "original die": indeed it has its design in the same sense as a die. The design is incised into the matrix, which is used to create punches. Creation of a matrix addresses the basic problem for coinage of multiplying dies, i.e. having ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Near-field diffraction pattern Early treatments of this phenomenon Fresnel_diffraction_pattern > Early treatments of this phenomenon 219) In his Optics, Francis Weston Sears offers a mathematical approximation suggested by Fresnel that predicts the main features of diffraction patterns and uses only simple mathematics....
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Nanoinformatics Modeling and NanoQSAR Nanoinformatics > Applications > Modeling and NanoQSAR Viewed as a workflow process, nanoinformatics deconstructs experimental studies using data, metadata, controlled vocabularies and ontologies to populate databases so that trends, regularities and theories will be uncovered for ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Data mining Summary Data_mining The actual data mining task is the semi-automatic or automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records (cluster analysis), unusual records (anomaly detection), and dependencies (association rule mining, seque...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Feedforward Control Overview Feed-forward_control > Overview Feedforward control is distinctly different from open loop control and teleoperator systems. Feedforward control requires a mathematical model of the plant (process and/or machine being controlled) and the plant's relationship to any inputs or feedback the sy...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Structural complexity (applied mathematics) Literature Structural_complexity_(applied_mathematics) > Literature Encyclopedia of Nonlinear Science. Routledge, New York and London. pp.
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Hamiltonian simulation Quantum signal processing Hamiltonian_simulation > Techniques > Quantum signal processing The quantum signal processing algorithm works by transducing the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian into an ancilla qubit, transforming the eigenvalues with single qubit rotations and finally projecting the anci...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Learning theory (education) Transfer of learning Learning_theory_(education) > Educational psychology > Behavior analysis > Transfer of learning The surface structure is the way a problem is framed. The deep structure is the steps for the solution. For example, when a math story problem changes contexts from asking how...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
DNS resolver Resource records Domain_Name_System > Resource records DNS resolvers return the entire set upon query, but servers may implement round-robin ordering to achieve load balancing. In contrast, the Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) work on the complete set of resource record in canonical order. W...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Standard Solar Model A calibrated solar model Standard_Solar_Model > A calibrated solar model A star is considered to be at zero age (protostellar) when it is assumed to have a homogeneous composition and to be just beginning to derive most of its luminosity from nuclear reactions (so neglecting the period of contracti...
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4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol Uses 4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol > Uses 4-Amino-2-methyl-1-naphthol HCl salt is a vitamin K and prevents bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency when given via intravenous or intramuscular injections at doses of about 1–3 mg. HCl salt is water-soluble and its parenteral administration requir...
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Electron shell configuration Shells and subshells Electron_configurations > Shells and subshells The maximum number of electrons that can be placed in a subshell is given by 2(2l + 1). This gives two electrons in an s subshell, six electrons in a p subshell, ten electrons in a d subshell and fourteen electrons in an f ...
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Ring of symmetric functions As an algebraic limit Ring_of_symmetric_functions > The ring of symmetric functions > Definitions > As an algebraic limit It is also observed that the result can be described as an inverse limit in the category of graded rings. That description however somewhat obscures an important property...
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Nine-Colour Cube Number of combinations Nine-Colour_Cube > Number of combinations The puzzle has eight corner pieces, which can be permutated in 8! different ways, and twelve edge pieces, which can be permutated in 12! ways. The position of the face centre pieces is fixed, therefore there is only one possible permutati...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Human embryonic stem cell Cell cycle control Stem_cell_biology > Embryonic > Cell cycle control Rather, the Cyclin E/Cdk2 complex is constitutively active throughout the cycle, keeping retinoblastoma protein (pRb) hyperphosphorylated and thus inactive. This allows for direct transition from M phase to the late G1 phase...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fluid physics Summary Continuum_assumption Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. : 3 It has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well a...
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A New Kind of Science Principle of computational equivalence A_New_Kind_of_Science > Contents > Philosophical underpinnings > Principle of computational equivalence Based on his experimental results, Wolfram developed the principle of computational equivalence (PCE): the principle states that systems found in the natur...
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Designer steroid Summary Designer_drugs Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result in unexpected side effects.The development of designer drugs may be considered a subfield of drug design. The exploration o...
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Self-heating cans Design Self-heating_cans > Design Self-heating cans have dual chambers, one surrounding the other. In one version, the inner chamber holds the food or drink, and the outer chamber houses chemicals which undergo an exothermic reaction when combined. When the user wants to heat the contents of the can, ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Base and bounds Summary Base_and_bounds The operating system is not constrained by the hardware and can access all of physical memory. This technique protects memory used by one process against access or modification by another. By itself it does not protect memory from erroneous access by the owning process.
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Steroid-induced osteoporosis Summary Steroid-induced_osteoporosis Some professional guidelines recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone (7.5 mg of prednisolone), especially when this is in excess of three months. The use of thiazi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Function Point Introduction Function_points > Introduction This allows accounting for functions not readily perceivable by the user, but essential for proper operation. Weighted Micro Function Points – One of the newer models (2009) which adjusts function points using weights derived from program flow complexity, opera...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Lagrangian multiplier Multiple constraints Lagrangian_multiplier > Multiple constraints {\displaystyle \ S~.} We are still interested in finding points where f {\displaystyle \ f\ } does not change as we walk, since these points might be (constrained) extrema. We therefore seek x {\displaystyle \ \mathbf {x} \ } such t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Endocrine signaling Cells Endocrine_system > Structure > Cells Glucagon, another hormone produced by alpha cells, is secreted in response to low blood sugar levels; glucagon stimulates glycogen stores in the liver to release sugar into the bloodstream to raise blood sugar to normal levels. Beta cells 60% of the cells p...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Projection to latent structures Literature Partial_least_squares_regression > Literature 6. New York: Wiley.
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Andrew Childs Selected works Andrew_Childs > Selected works A. M. Childs; R. Cleve; E. Deotto; E. Farhi; S. Gutmann & D. A. Spielman (2003). "Exponential algorithmic speedup by a quantum walk". Proceedings of the thirty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing. Vol.
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Network covalent bonding Summary Network_solid Graphite and the mica group of silicate minerals structurally consist of continuous two-dimensional sheets covalently bonded within the layer, with other bond types holding the layers together. Disordered network solids are termed glasses. These are typically formed on rap...
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Constant capital Measurement Constant_capital > Measurement The flow value divided by the stock value provides a measure of the number of rotations of the stock (the speed of turnover or turnover time) in an accounting period. It is strongly related to the actual depreciation rate of fixed capital. Alternatively, the s...
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Info-metrics Other representative applications Info-metrics > Further reading > Other representative applications J. R. Banavar, A. Maritan, and I. Volkov. "Applications of the principle of maximum entropy: from physics to ecology". Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 22(6), 2010. Anil K. Bera and Sung Y. Park.
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Megabyte Definitions Megabyte > Definitions This definition is used in computer networking contexts and most storage media, particularly hard drives, flash-based storage, and DVDs, and is also consistent with the other uses of the SI prefix in computing, such as CPU clock speeds or measures of performance. The Mac OS X...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Psychoneuroimmunology The immune-brain loop Psychoneuroimmunology > The immune-brain loop Two major pathways are involved in this cross-talk: the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), via the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM axis). The activation of SNS during ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Augmented Analytics Data Democratization Augmented_Analytics > Data Democratization 3 - Consent Market-driven Data Monetisation. When it comes to connecting assets, there are two features that will accelerate the adoption and usage of data democratisation: decentralized identity management and business data object mone...
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Chiral switch Failed/aborted Chiral_switch > Examples > Failed/aborted The re-evaluation of single enantiomers not without problems. The chiral switches of fluoxetine and fenfluramine are classical examples. The development of (R )-fluoxetine was terminated after patients developed abnormal heart rhythms. The chiral sw...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Parkinson disease Classification Parkinson's_disease > Classification Alternatively, multiple systems atrophy or MSA usually has early onset of autonomic dysfunction (such as orthostasis), and may have autonomic predominance, cerebellar symptom predominance, or Parkinsonian predominance.Other Parkinson-plus syndromes i...
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Software agent Intuitive distinguishing agents from objects Software_agent > Concepts > Intuitive distinguishing agents from objects Agents are more autonomous than objects. Agents have flexible behavior: reactive, proactive, social. Agents have at least one thread of control but may have more.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Molecular mass Summary Molecular_weights The molar mass is defined as the mass of a given substance divided by the amount of a substance and is expressed in g/mol. That makes the molar mass an average of many particles or molecules, and the molecular mass the mass of one specific particle or molecule. The molar mass is...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Transfer of learning Overview Transfer_of_learning > Overview The formal discipline (or mental discipline) approach to learning believed that specific mental faculties could be strengthened by particular courses of training and that these strengthened faculties transferred to other situations, based on faculty psycholo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Rotational partition function Summary Rotational_partition_function In chemistry, the rotational partition function relates the rotational degrees of freedom to the rotational part of the energy.
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Intracellular pH Fluorescence spectroscopy Intracellular_pH > Measurement > Fluorescence spectroscopy Another way to measure Intracellular pH (pHi) is with dyes that are sensitive to pH, and fluoresce differently at various pH values. This technique, which makes use of fluorescence spectroscopy, consists of adding this...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Epigenetics_of_autoimmune_disorders > Systemic autoimmune diseases > Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) It has been suggested that inhibition of DNMT1 produces the loss of methylation observed in those afflicted by systemic lupus. DNMT1 is a DNA met...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cancer systems biology History Cancer_systems_biology > History Despite these advances, many unresolved challenges remain, including the dearth of new treatment avenues for many cancer types, or the unexplained treatment failures and inevitable relapse in cancer types where targeted treatment exists. Such mismatch betw...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Ambipolar diffusion Summary Ambipolar_diffusion Ambipolar diffusion (ambipolar: relating to or consisting of both electrons and positive ions moving in opposite directions) is diffusion of positive and negative species with opposite electrical charge due to their interaction via an electric field. In the case of ionic ...
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UNSW Sunswift How it works UNSW_Sunswift > How it works The MPPTs have to constantly monitor the output of the photovoltaic cells because that output depends on the light intensity which can change rapidly if some cells become shaded. The electricity then flows into the battery where it can be stored for later use such...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Budan's Theorem Proof Fourier's_theorem_on_polynomial_real_roots > Proof As each theorem is a corollary of the other, it suffices to prove Fourier's theorem. Proof: Let n {\displaystyle n} be the degree of f {\displaystyle f} , so that f , f ′ , . . .
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Eddy diffusion Gradient diffusion theory Eddy_diffusion > Gradient diffusion theory To be able to calculate this time evolution, one needs to know how to calculate the flux. This section explores the simplest hypothesis: flux is linearly related to the concentration difference (just as for molecular diffusion). This al...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Pointer jumping Summary Pointer_jumping In each step of the algorithm, this replacement is done for all nodes in the data structure, which can be done independently in parallel. In the next step when a neighbor's neighbor is followed, the neighbor's path already followed in the previous step is added to the node's foll...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Internal language Summary Categorical_logic Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also notable for its connections to theoretical computer science. In broad terms, categorical logic represents both syntax and...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Medicinal Chemistry Summary Medical_chemistry Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities su...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Network ecology Properties Network_ecology > Properties This ultimately links the structure of these ecological networks to the behaviour of individual organisms.Degree distribution: the degree distribution of an ecological network is the cumulative distribution for the number of links each species has. The degree dist...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Web performance Optimization techniques Web_performance_optimization > Optimization techniques This can be helpful for reducing network latency and costs associated with data-transfer. The HTTP cache is configured using request and response headers.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fourier transforms Analysis of differential equations Fourier_component > Applications > Analysis of differential equations This integral may be interpreted as a continuous linear combination of solutions for the linear equation. Now this resembles the formula for the Fourier synthesis of a function. In fact, this is t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Least-squares analysis Statistical testing Least_squares > Statistical testing A common assumption is that the errors belong to a normal distribution. The central limit theorem supports the idea that this is a good approximation in many cases.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Quantum limit Summary Standard_quantum_limit At the same time, quantum mechanics prescribes that readout observable of the Meter should have an inherent uncertainty, δ O ^ {\displaystyle \delta {\hat {\mathcal {O}}}} , additive to and independent of the value of the measured quantity x ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {x}}} . Th...
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Mesenchymal stem cells Molar cells Mesenchymal_cell > Location in the Body > Molar cells The developing tooth bud of the mandibular third molar is a rich source of MSCs. While they are described as multipotent, it is possible that they are pluripotent. They eventually form enamel, dentin, blood vessels, dental pulp, an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Matrix sign function Summary Matrix_sign_function In mathematics, the matrix sign function is a matrix function on square matrices analogous to the complex sign function.It was introduced by J.D. Roberts in 1971 as a tool for model reduction and for solving Lyapunov and Algebraic Riccatia equation in a technical report...
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Scientific reductionism Theory reductionism Scientific_reductionism > Definitions > Theory reductionism Theory reduction is the process by which a more general theory absorbs a special theory. It can be further divided into translation, derivation, and explanation. For example, both Kepler's laws of the motion of the p...
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Tiebout hypothesis Assumptions Tiebout_hypothesis > Assumptions Lastly, the model also assumes that there are not externalities or spillover of public goods across towns. The exact assumptions Tiebout made in his first statement of the model were: Mobile consumers, who are free to choose where they live. There are no c...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Regeneration (biology) Summary Tissue_regeneration Above the genetic level, regeneration is fundamentally regulated by asexual cellular processes. Regeneration is different from reproduction.
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Fly algorithm Example: Tomography reconstruction Fly_algorithm > Example: Tomography reconstruction 61. else go to Step 10. 62.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Allee effect Mathematical models Allee_effect > Mathematical models A simple mathematical example of an Allee effect is given by the cubic growth model. d N d t = − r N ( 1 − N A ) ( 1 − N K ) , {\displaystyle {\frac {dN}{dt}}=-rN\left(1-{\frac {N}{A}}\right)\left(1-{\frac {N}{K}}\right),} where the population has a ne...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Relative speed In one dimension (non-relativistic) Relative_velocity > Classical mechanics > In one dimension (non-relativistic) This, by definition, is 50 km/h, which suggests that the prescription for calculating relative velocity in this fashion is to add the two velocities. The diagram displays clocks and rulers to...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Helmholtz-Ellis notation Pythagorean tuning Helmholtz-Ellis_notation > Twelve-tone scale > Pythagorean tuning Pythagorean tuning can produce a twelve-tone scale, but it does so by involving ratios of very large numbers, corresponding to natural harmonics very high in the harmonic series that do not occur widely in phys...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Solvable group Motivation Soluble_Group > Motivation Historically, the word "solvable" arose from Galois theory and the proof of the general unsolvability of quintic equation. Specifically, a polynomial equation is solvable in radicals if and only if the corresponding Galois group is solvable (note this theorem holds o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Tax gene product Role in disease Tax_gene_product > Role in disease Tax also causes aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers), which is a possible cause of transformation (normal cells becoming cancer cells). Many proteins are involved in these processes, including cyclins and cell cycle checkpoint proteins (p53 and Rb)...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Sedimentology Recent developments Sedimentary_geology > Recent developments The longstanding understanding of how some mudstones form has been challenged by geologists at Indiana University (Bloomington) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The research, which appears in the December 14, 2007, edition of Scie...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Range Minimum Query Solution using constant time and linear space Range_Minimum_Query > Algorithms > Solution using constant time and linear space Using the solution above, the sub-queries inside the blocks that are not fully contained in the query still need to be answered in constant time. There are at most two of th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Quantum operator Operators in matrix mechanics Quantum_operator > Operators in quantum mechanics > Operators in matrix mechanics Orthogonality allows a suitable basis set of vectors to represent the state of the quantum system. The eigenvalues of the operator are also evaluated in the same way as for the square matrix,...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Einstein's thought experiments Impossibility of faster-than-light signaling Einstein's_thought_experiments > Special relativity > Impossibility of faster-than-light signaling The strip can move at any speed v < c {\displaystyle v c {\displaystyle W>c} , one can always set the strip moving at a speed v {\displaystyle v}...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Anxiety thresholds Physical Anxiety_thresholds > Symptoms > Physical ", "I'm having a heart-attack. ", "This isn't going to stop.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Voltage-controlled amplifier Summary Voltage_controlled_amplifier The VCR is one of the numerous interesting circuit elements that can be produced by using a JFET (junction field-effect transistor) with simple biasing. VCRs manufactured in this way can be obtained as discrete devices, e.g. VCR2N.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus