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Hydroperoxyl Importance for atmospheric chemistry Peroxyl_radical > Structure and reactions > Importance for atmospheric chemistry Gaseous hydroperoxyl is involved in reaction cycles that destroy stratospheric ozone. It is also present in the troposphere, where it is essentially a byproduct of the oxidation of carbon m... |
Symmetric key encryption Implementations Symmetric_key_cryptography > Implementations Examples of popular symmetric-key algorithms include Twofish, Serpent, AES (Rijndael), Camellia, Salsa20, ChaCha20, Blowfish, CAST5, Kuznyechik, RC4, DES, 3DES, Skipjack, Safer, and IDEA. |
Monte-Carlo methods Physical sciences Monte_Carlo_Method > Applications > Physical sciences In experimental particle physics, Monte Carlo methods are used for designing detectors, understanding their behavior and comparing experimental data to theory. In astrophysics, they are used in such diverse manners as to model b... |
Expression templates Motivation and example Expression_templates > Motivation and example But this requires traversing such trees to do the evaluation, which is in itself costly.Expression templates implement delayed evaluation using expression trees that only exist at compile time. Each assignment to a Vec, such as Ve... |
Mathematical coincidence Speed of light Mathematical_coincidence > Some examples > Numerical coincidences in numbers from the physical world > Speed of light The speed of light is (by definition) exactly 299,792,458 m/s, extremely close to 3.0 × 108 m/s (300,000,000 m/s). This is a pure coincidence, as the meter was or... |
Dhrystone Issues addressed by Dhrystone Dhrystone > Issues addressed by Dhrystone Dhrystone's eventual importance as an indicator of general-purpose ("integer") performance of new computers made it a target for commercial compiler writers. Various modern compiler static code analysis techniques (such as elimination of ... |
Spatial dependence Simulation and modeling Spatial_Analysis > Types > Simulation and modeling For example, one could model traffic flow and dynamics using agents representing individual vehicles that try to minimize travel time between specified origins and destinations. While pursuing minimal travel times, the agents ... |
Posterior capsule Function Capsule_of_lens > Function The capsule helps give the lens its more spherical shape in aquatic vertebrates such as fish and more ellipsoidal shape in land based vertebrates such as sheep. In humans the lens ellipsoid becomes more flattened with age. The capsule is the basement membrane for th... |
Mathematical variable History Variable_(mathematics) > History In ancient works such as Euclid's Elements, single letters refer to geometric points and shapes. In the 7th century, Brahmagupta used different colours to represent the unknowns in algebraic equations in the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. One section of this book i... |
Thermoelectric figure of merit Phase-Transformation Stresses Thermoelectric_power_factor > Mechanical Properties > Thermomechanical Stresses in Thermoelectric Devices > Phase-Transformation Stresses Phase transformation can occur in thermoelectric materials as well as many other energy materials. As pointed out by Al M... |
Osmoconformer Biochemistry Osmoconformer > Biochemistry Ion gradients are crucial to many major biological functions on a cellular level. Consequently, the ionic composition of an organism's internal environment is highly regulated with respect to its external environment. Osmoconformers have adapted so that they utili... |
Photoredox catalysis Ligand electronegativity Photoredox_catalysis > Photophysical properties > Ligand electronegativity Although photophysical properties such as redox potential, excitation energy, and ligand electronegative have often been considered key parameters for the use and reactivity of these complexes, count... |
True hermaphroditism Causes True_hermaphroditism > Causes There are several ways in which this may occur. It can be caused by the division of one ovum, followed by fertilization of each haploid ovum and fusion of the two zygotes early in development. Alternately, an ovum can be fertilized by two sperm followed by triso... |
Parthanatos Cell death initiation Parthanatos > Pathway > Cell death initiation Within the mitochondria, PAR binds directly to the AIF which has a PAR polymer binding site, causing the AIF to dissociate from the mitochondria. AIF is then translocated to the nucleus where it induces chromatin condensation and large scal... |
Physics-informed neural networks Function approximation Physics-informed_neural_networks > Function approximation In this setting, these governing equations must be solved while accounting for prior assumptions, linearization, and adequate time and space discretization. Recently, solving the governing partial different... |
Scale (map) Summary Map_scale_factor The second distinct concept of scale applies to the variation in scale across a map. It is the ratio of the mapped point's scale to the nominal scale. In this case 'scale' means the scale factor (also called point scale or particular scale). |
Glossary of probability and statistics Y Glossary_of_probability_and_statistics > Y Yates's correction for continuity, yules correction |
Converter station DC equipment Converter_station > Components > DC equipment The direct current equipment often includes a coil (called a reactor) that adds inductance in series with the DC line to help smooth the direct current. The inductance typically amounts to between 0.1 H and 1 H. The smoothing reactor can have ... |
Tarja Knuuttila Research Tarja_Knuuttila > Research Much of Knuuttila's research concerns the epistemology of scientific modelling, the relation of scientific models to the real world, and the connection between simplicity and generality of models, with varied fields of application including ecology, economics, and eng... |
Stack-oriented programming language Stack-based algorithms Stack-oriented_programming_languages > Stack-based algorithms If it is first written in postfix form, that is, 2 3 add 11 mul 1 add, the calculation can be performed in exactly the same manner and achieve the correct result. The steps of the calculation are sho... |
Auto exhaust Ozone Vehicle_exhaust > Main motor vehicle emissions > Ozone Ozone is beneficial in the upper atmosphere, but at ground level ozone irritates the respiratory system, causing coughing, choking, and reduced lung capacity. It also has many negative effects throughout the ecosystem. |
Advanced eXtensible Interface Handshake Advanced_eXtensible_Interface > Handshake An individual data transfer, so a clock cycle when both xVALID and xREADY are high, is called "beat". Two main rules are defined for the control of these signals: A source must not wait for a high xREADY to assert xVALID. Once asserted, a... |
Eigenface Practical implementation Eigenface > Generation > Practical implementation The eigenvectors of this covariance matrix are therefore called eigenfaces. They are the directions in which the images differ from the mean image. Usually this will be a computationally expensive step (if at all possible), but the pra... |
Read-only Turing machine Variants Read-only_Turing_machine > Theory > Variants In particular, the language {anbncn} can be parsed by an algorithm which verifies first that there are the same number of a's and b's, then rewinds and verifies that there are the same number of b's and c's. With the further aid of nondeterm... |
Pathogenic bacteria Infections in specific tissue Bacterial_disease > Diseases > Infections in specific tissue Bacterial pneumonia is a bacterial infection of the lungs. Urinary tract infection is predominantly caused by bacteria. Symptoms include the strong and frequent sensation or urge to urinate, pain during urinat... |
Mucosal associated invariant T cell Summary Mucosal_associated_invariant_T_cell Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) make up a subset of T cells in the immune system that display innate, effector-like qualities. In humans, MAIT cells are found in the blood, liver, lungs, and mucosa, defending against micro... |
Ion trapping Pharmacokinetics Ion_trapping > Pharmacokinetics Ion trapping is the reason why basic (alkaline) drugs are secreted into the stomach (for example morphine), where pH is acidic, and acidic drugs are excreted in urine where the conditions are alkaline. Similarly, ingesting sodium bicarbonate with amphetamine... |
Tooth pain Antibiotics Tooth_pain > Management > Antibiotics Immunocompromised individuals are less able to fight off infections, and antibiotics are usually given. : 232 Evidence of systemic involvement (such as a fever higher than 38.5 °C, cervical lymphadenopathy, or malaise) also indicates antibiotic therapy, as do... |
Vitamin K1 Summary Vitamin_K1 It works by supplying a required component for making a number of blood clotting factors. Food sources include green vegetables, vegetable oil, and some fruit.Phytomenadione was first isolated in 1939. In 1943 Edward Doisy and Henrik Dam were given a Nobel Prize for its discovery. |
Radar tracker Role of the radar tracker Multisensor_tracker > Role of the radar tracker In this configuration, the tracks are often more accurate than those formed from single radars, as a greater number of detections can be used to estimate the tracks. In addition to associating plots, rejecting false alarms and estim... |
Variance-based sensitivity analysis Sampling sequences Variance-based_sensitivity_analysis > Calculation of indices > Sampling sequences The Monte Carlo approach involves generating a sequence of randomly distributed points inside the unit hypercube (strictly speaking these will be pseudorandom). In practice, it is com... |
Edmonds algorithm Summary Edmonds'_algorithm In graph theory, Edmonds' algorithm or Chu–Liu/Edmonds' algorithm is an algorithm for finding a spanning arborescence of minimum weight (sometimes called an optimum branching). It is the directed analog of the minimum spanning tree problem. The algorithm was proposed indepen... |
Sulfur(IV) oxide From sulfites Sulfur_dioxides > Production > From sulfites The reverse reaction occurs upon acidification: H+ + HSO−3 → SO2 + H2O |
Function evaluation Functional notation Bivariate_function > Notation > Functional notation Functional notation was first used by Leonhard Euler in 1734. Some widely used functions are represented by a symbol consisting of several letters (usually two or three, generally an abbreviation of their name). In this case, a ... |
Plane group Why there are exactly seventeen groups P6m_symmetry > Formal definition and discussion > Why there are exactly seventeen groups An orbifold can be viewed as a polygon with face, edges, and vertices which can be unfolded to form a possibly infinite set of polygons which tile either the sphere, the plane or t... |
Standing Wave 2D standing wave with a rectangular boundary Standing_Wave > Mathematical description > 2D standing wave with a rectangular boundary For the x dependence, z(x,y,t) must vary in a way that it can be zero at both x = 0 and x = Lx for all values of y and t. As in the one dimensional example of the string fix... |
Optimizing compilers Loop optimizations Compiler_analysis > Specific techniques > Loop optimizations When the loop variables index into an array, such a transformation can improve locality of reference, depending on the array's layout.Loop-invariant code motion If a quantity is computed inside a loop during every itera... |
Group Domain of Interpretation Key Ladder Group_Domain_of_Interpretation > Functional Overview > Key Ladder So long as the two share the group key for the same group, the sender can use that "key encrypting key" to encrypt the key(s) for the media files or streams that it serves. Not all GDOI groups make a distinction ... |
Open channel States of flow Open_channel_flow > States of flow The parameter is known as the Froude number, and is defined as:where U {\displaystyle U} is the mean velocity, D {\displaystyle D} is the characteristic length scale for a channel's depth, and g {\displaystyle g} is the gravitational acceleration. Depending... |
Genetic engineering in agriculture History Genetic_engineering_in_agriculture > History In 2009 11 transgenic crops were grown commercially in 25 countries, the largest of which by area grown were the US, Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada, China, Paraguay and South Africa.In 2010, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Insti... |
Analytical function Summary Analytic_function It is important to note that it's a neighborhood and not just at some point x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} , since every differentiable function has at least a tangent line at every point, which is its Taylor series of order 1. So just having a polynomial expansion at singular p... |
Mental event Mental Events and Working Memory Mental_event > Mental Events and Working Memory Mental events must occur in the working memory of short term-store. Both working memory and short-term memory are essential to mental events and cognition. According to Lieberman (2021), Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed that... |
Faulhaber's formula History Bernoulli's_formula > History {\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{n}k^{p}={\frac {n^{p+1}}{p+1}}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{p}+{1 \over p+1}\sum _{j=2}^{p}{p+1 \choose j}B_{j}n^{p+1-j}.} Introducing also the first two Bernoulli numbers (which Bernoulli did not), the previous formula becomes using the Bernoull... |
Abnormal basal metabolic rate Pathological Abnormal_basal_metabolic_rate > Causes > Pathological A common pathological cause for a high BMR is fever, since a rise in body temperature increases the rate of cellular metabolic reactions. It is estimated that for every degree Fahrenheit of rise in body temperature, the BMR... |
Statistical distribution Summary Sample_distribution In statistics, an empirical distribution function (commonly also called an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. This cumulative distribution function is a step function that ... |
Machine learning in bioinformatics Metagenomics Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics > Applications > Metagenomics In 2021 Dhungel et al., designed an R package called MegaR. This package allows working with 16S rRNA and whole metagenomic sequences to make taxonomic profiles and classification models by machine learning ... |
Arithmetic circuit complexity Upper bounds Arithmetic_circuit > Overview > Upper bounds The naive way for computing the determinant requires circuits of size roughly n ! . |
Introduction to quantum mechanics Interpretations Basic_quantum_mechanics > Interpretations Matter—the "stuff" of the universe consisting of particles such as electrons and atoms—exhibits wavelike behavior too. Some light sources, such as neon lights, give off only certain specific frequencies of light, a small set of ... |
Newton's minimal resistance problem Summary Newton's_minimal_resistance_problem Then the derivation was shared with his students and peers by Gregory.According to I Bernard Cohen, in his Guide to Newton’s Principia, "The key to Newton’s reasoning was found in the 1880s, when the earl of Portsmouth gave his family’s vas... |
Fundamental theorem of Galois theory Explicit description of the correspondence Fundamental_theorem_of_Galois_theory > Explicit description of the correspondence If E/F is Galois, then Gal(E/F) = Aut(E/F). If E/F is not Galois, then the "correspondence" gives only an injective (but not surjective) map from { subgroups ... |
Striation (fatigue) Striation features Striation_(fatigue) > Striation features Defects such as inclusions and grain boundaries may locally slow down the rate of growth. Variable amplitude loads produce striations of different widths and the study of these striation patterns has been used to understand fatigue. Althoug... |
Autoimmune hypophysitis Treatment Autoimmune_hypophysitis > Treatment Inflammation resolves usually after several months of glucocorticoid treatment For those that show no improvement with corticosteroids or have relapsed after treatment with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications such as methotrexate, azathiop... |
Asch conformity experiments Method Asch_conformity_experiments > Initial conformity experiment > Method They would always unanimously nominate one comparator, but on certain trials they would give the correct response and on others, an incorrect response. The group was seated such that the real participant always respo... |
Hash algorithm Variable range with minimal movement (dynamic hash function) Hash_code > Properties > Variable range with minimal movement (dynamic hash function) Linear hashing and spiral hashing are examples of dynamic hash functions that execute in constant time but relax the property of uniformity to achieve the min... |
IEEE P754 Denormalized numbers IEEE_754-1985 > Representation of numbers > Denormalized numbers They don't include as many significant digits as a normalized number, but they enable a gradual loss of precision when the result of an operation is not exactly zero but is too close to zero to be represented by a normalized... |
Table of logarithms History and use Log_tables > History and use For example, the use of tables of values of the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution – so-called standard normal tables – remains commonplace today, especially in schools, although the use of scientific and graphical calculators is ... |
Problem of Apollonius Intersection theory Apollonius_problem > Solution methods > Intersection theory One is that either f or g, say f, is the equation for D. In this case, L is a line through D. If C∞ is tangent to D, then so is every circle in the pencil, and therefore L is contained in ZD. The other possibility is t... |
Endoreduplication Genetic control of endoreplication Endoreduplication > Genetic control of endoreplication An alternative pathway is an ordinary mitosis-again without cell division instead of one of the endomitotic cycles. The cytological picture in the tapetum is further complicated by restitution in anaphase and fus... |
Complex power Summary Active_power In an electric circuit, instantaneous power is the time rate of flow of energy past a given point of the circuit. In alternating current circuits, energy storage elements such as inductors and capacitors may result in periodic reversals of the direction of energy flow. Its SI unit is ... |
S-duality Overview S-duality > Overview S-duality is useful because it relates a theory with coupling constant g {\displaystyle g} to an equivalent theory with coupling constant 1 / g {\displaystyle 1/g} . Thus it relates a strongly coupled theory (where the coupling constant g {\displaystyle g} is much greater than 1)... |
Flow problem Augmenting paths Generalized_network > Concepts useful to flow problems > Augmenting paths An augmenting path is a path (u1, u2, ..., uk) in the residual network, where u1 = s, uk = t, and for all ui, ui + 1 (cf (ui, ui + 1) > 0) (1 ≤ i < k). More simply, an augmenting path is an available flow path from t... |
Gene transcription factor Disorders Upstream_transcription_factor > Clinical significance > Disorders Due to their important roles in development, intercellular signaling, and cell cycle, some human diseases have been associated with mutations in transcription factors.Many transcription factors are either tumor suppres... |
Birkhoff ergodic theorem Historical references Individual_ergodic_theorem > Historical references Birkhoff, George David (1931), "Proof of the ergodic theorem", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. |
Fundamental force The Standard Model Fundamental_physics > History > The Standard Model EWT, QCD, and the Higgs mechanism comprise particle physics' Standard Model (SM). Predictions are usually made using calculational approximation methods, although such perturbation theory is inadequate to model some experimental obs... |
Parallel breadth-first search Data structure Parallel_breadth-first_search > Parallel BFS with distributed memory > Implementation optimization strategies > Data structure More information about CSR can be found in. For 2D partitioning, DCSC (Doubly Compressed Sparse Columns) for hyper-sparse matrices is more suitable.... |
Ratchet wrench Powered Ratchet_wrench > Related tools > Powered There are also power tool versions of "air" (pneumatic) ratchets which use compressed air power to drive air powered socket wrenches which tighten or loosen nuts or bolts. A second major variety of compressed air powered tools are impact wrenches which are... |
Isomorphism (algebra) Summary Isomorphism_(algebra) In mathematics, an isomorphism is a structure-preserving mapping between two structures of the same type that can be reversed by an inverse mapping. Two mathematical structures are isomorphic if an isomorphism exists between them. The word isomorphism is derived from ... |
Biholomorphic map Summary Biholomorphic_map In the mathematical theory of functions of one or more complex variables, and also in complex algebraic geometry, a biholomorphism or biholomorphic function is a bijective holomorphic function whose inverse is also holomorphic. |
Unique ergodicity Summary Uniquely_ergodic Ergodic systems capture the common-sense, every-day notions of randomness, such that smoke might come to fill all of a smoke-filled room, or that a block of metal might eventually come to have the same temperature throughout, or that flips of a fair coin may come up heads and ... |
History of quantum mechanics de Broglie's matter wave hypothesis Modern_quantum_theory > Old quantum theory > de Broglie's matter wave hypothesis The waves created by a stringed instrument appear to oscillate in place, moving from crest to trough in an up-and-down motion. The wavelength of a standing wave is related to... |
Crystalline lens Focusing Crystalline_lens > Function > Focusing In humans the widely quoted Helmholtz mechanism of focusing, also called accommodation, is often referred to as a "model". Direct experimental proof of any lens model is necessarily difficult as the vertebrate lens is transparent and only functions well i... |
F-score Criticism F-score > Criticism David Hand and others criticize the widespread use of the F1 score since it gives equal importance to precision and recall. In practice, different types of mis-classifications incur different costs. In other words, the relative importance of precision and recall is an aspect of the... |
Collective memory Computational approaches Collective_memory > Further reading > Computational approaches Au Yeung, Ching-man; Jatowt, Adam (2011). "Studying how the past is remembered" (PDF). Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management - CIKM '11. New York, New York, US... |
Bhāskara II Algebra Bhāskara_II > Mathematics > Algebra Indeterminate quadratic equations (of the type ax2 + b = y2). Solutions of indeterminate equations of the second, third and fourth degree. Quadratic equations. Quadratic equations with more than one unknown. Operations with products of several unknowns.Bhaskara de... |
Digifant engine management system Features Digifant_engine_management_system > Features The ECM switches the earth/ground on and off to control duration. All injectors operate at the same time (simultaneously, rather than sequentially) each crankshaft revolution; two complete revolutions being needed for each cylinder ... |
Thread management Multithreaded programs vs single-threaded programs pros and cons Kernel_thread > Single-threaded vs multithreaded programs > Multithreaded programs vs single-threaded programs pros and cons In other words, a multithreaded program can easily have bugs which never manifest on a test system, manifesting ... |
Human immune system Adaptive immune system Immune_function > Adaptive immune system The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates and allows for a stronger immune response as well as immunological memory, where each pathogen is "remembered" by a signature antigen. The adaptive immune response is antigen-speci... |
Hemodialysis Medical uses Hemodialysis > Medical uses Hemodialysis is the choice of renal replacement therapy for patients who need dialysis acutely, and for many patients as maintenance therapy. It provides excellent, rapid clearance of solutes.A nephrologist (a medical kidney specialist) decides when hemodialysis is ... |
Modal Analysis Structures Modal_Analysis > Structures Engineers tend to learn from such examples (at least in the short term) and more modern suspension bridges take account of the potential influence of wind through the shape of the deck, which might be designed in aerodynamic terms to pull the deck down against the s... |
Magnetic susceptibility Summary Molar_magnetic_susceptibility Quantitative measures of the magnetic susceptibility also provide insights into the structure of materials, providing insight into bonding and energy levels. Furthermore, it is widely used in geology for paleomagnetic studies and structural geology.The magne... |
Dimension axiom Formal definition Dimension_axiom > Formal definition Exactness: Each pair (X, A) induces a long exact sequence in homology, via the inclusions i: A → X {\displaystyle i\colon A\to X} and j: X → ( X , A ) {\displaystyle j\colon X\to (X,A)}: ⋯ → H n ( A ) → i ∗ H n ( X ) → j ∗ H n ( X , A ) → ∂ H n − 1 (... |
Template replication Dynamics at the replication fork Cellular_replication > Replication process > Replication fork > Dynamics at the replication fork Once the polymerase reaches the end of the template or detects double-stranded DNA, the sliding clamp undergoes a conformational change that releases the DNA polymerase.... |
Reliability Centered Maintenance Context Reliability-centered_maintenance > Context 3. What are the events that cause each failure? |
Glossary of genetics (0–L) B Glossary_of_gene_expression_terms > B Baseline expression may also refer to the expected or historical measure of expression for a gene. basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) A computer algorithm widely used in bioinformatics for aligning and comparing primary biological sequence inform... |
Prüfer sequence Other applications Prüfer_sequence > Other applications ⋯ ( d n − 1 ) ! . {\displaystyle {\binom {n-2}{d_{1}-1,\,d_{2}-1,\,\dots ,\,d_{n}-1}}={\frac {(n-2)!}{(d_{1}-1)! |
Positive reals Properties Positive_reals > Properties Elements may be written in scientific notation as a × 10 b , {\displaystyle a\times 10^{b},} where 1 ≤ a < 10 {\displaystyle 1\leq a<10} and b {\displaystyle b} is the integer in the doubly infinite progression, and is called the decade. In the study of physical mag... |
Learning Episodic learning Learning > Types > Episodic learning Episodic learning is a change in behavior that occurs as a result of an event. For example, a fear of dogs that follows being bitten by a dog is episodic learning. Episodic learning is so named because events are recorded into episodic memory, which is one... |
Indeterminacy in concurrent computation Arrival order indeterminacy Indeterminacy_in_concurrent_computation > Arrival order indeterminacy (See the section below). What does the mathematical theory of Actors have to say about this? A closed system is defined to be one which does not communicate with the outside. Actor m... |
Signatory state Wet signatures Signatory_state > Function and types > Wet signatures A wet signature is a person's name written in their own hand with ink. Some government agencies require that professional persons or official reviewers sign originals and all copies of originals to authenticate that they personally vie... |
Base (chemical) Summary Chemical_base In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases. All definitions agree that bases are substances that react with acids, as originally proposed by G.-F. Rouelle in the mid-18th century. In 1884, Svante Arrh... |
Numerical optimisation Optimization problems Optimization_theory > Optimization problems Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete: An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such a... |
Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations Linear differential equation solving HHL_algorithm > Applications > Linear differential equation solving Dominic Berry proposed a new algorithm for solving linear time dependent differential equations as an extension of the quantum algorithm for solving linear systems o... |
Point estimate Biasness Point_estimator > Properties of point estimates > Biasness “Bias” is defined as the difference between the expected value of the estimator and the true value of the population parameter being estimated. It can also be described that the closer the expected value of a parameter is to the measured... |
Glossary of ring theory Summary Finitely_presented_algebra For ring-theoretic concepts in the language of modules, see also Glossary of module theory. For specific types of algebras, see also: Glossary of field theory and Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Since, currently, there is no glossary on not-necessarily... |
Extrachromosomal DNA Inheritance Extrachromosomal_DNA > Inheritance Inheritance of extrachromosomal DNA differs from the inheritance of nuclear DNA found in chromosomes. Unlike chromosomes, ecDNA does not contain centromeres and therefore exhibits a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that gives rise to heterogeneous cel... |
Planned economy Decentralized planning Planned_economy > Decentralized planning A decentralized-planned economy, occasionally called horizontally planned economy due to its horizontalism, is a type of planned economy in which the investment and allocation of consumer and capital goods is explicated accordingly to an ec... |
Forensic entomological decomposition Decomposition Forensic_entomological_decomposition > Decomposition Therefore, the stages of decomposition are defined by the observable physical changes to the state of the carcass. A pattern of insect succession results as different carrion insects are attracted to the varying biol... |
ABC flow Summary Arnold–Beltrami–Childress_flow It is notable as a simple example of a fluid flow that can have chaotic trajectories. It is named after Vladimir Arnold, Eugenio Beltrami, and Stephen Childress. Ippolit S. Gromeka's (1881) name has been historically neglected, though much of the discussion has been done ... |
Short-term memory loss Henry Molaison Short-term_memory_loss > History > Henry Molaison This gave researchers evidence that short-term and long-term memory are in fact two different processes. Even though he forgot about the lists, he was still able to learn things through his implicit memory. The psychologists would a... |
Cryptographic algorithm Attacks and countermeasures Data_encryption > Attacks and countermeasures Encryption is an important tool but is not sufficient alone to ensure the security or privacy of sensitive information throughout its lifetime. Most applications of encryption protect information only at rest or in transit... |
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