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Microbial cooperation Altruism Microbial_cooperation > Types of cooperation > Altruism According to Hamilton, an altruistic act is evolutionarily beneficial if the relatedness of the individual that profits from the altruistic act is higher than the cost/benefit ratio this act imposes. This rationale is referred to as ... |
Lens-based stabilization In biological eyes Optical_Image_Stabilization > In biological eyes In many animals, including human beings, the inner ear functions as the biological analogue of an accelerometer in camera image stabilization systems, to stabilize the image by moving the eyes. When a rotation of the head is de... |
Microevolution Gene flow Microevolution > Four processes > Gene flow Horizontal transfer of genes from bacteria to eukaryotes such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the adzuki bean beetle Callosobruchus chinensis may also have occurred. An example of larger-scale transfers are the eukaryotic bdelloid rotifers, ... |
Scale analysis (statistics) Other models Scale_analysis_(statistics) > Measurement models > Other models Latent class analysis Multidimensional scaling NOMINATE (scaling method) |
Energy industry History Energy_industry > History After a useful process has taken place, the total energy is conserved, but the resource itself is not conserved, since a process usually transforms the energy into unusable forms (such unnecessary or excess heat). Ever since humanity discovered various energy resources ... |
System of units Imperial and US customary units System_of_units > Imperial and US customary units Both imperial units and US customary units derive from earlier English units. Imperial units were mostly used in the former British Empire and the British Commonwealth, but in all these countries they have been largely sup... |
Equilibrium constant Micro-constants Affinity_constant > Types of equilibrium constants > Micro-constants When two or more sites in an asymmetrical molecule may be involved in an equilibrium reaction there are more than one possible equilibrium constants. For example, the molecule L-DOPA has two non-equivalent hydroxyl... |
Spastic paralysis Pathophysiology Spastic_paralysis > Pathophysiology Spasticity mostly occurs in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting the upper motor neurons in the form of a lesion, such as spastic diplegia, or upper motor neuron syndrome, and can also be present in various types of multiple sclero... |
Mechanical philosophy Summary Mechanical_philosophy Living bodies, as is well known, present at first sight certain characteristic properties which have no counterpart in lifeless matter. Mechanism aims to go beyond these appearances. It seeks to explain all "vital" phenomena as physical and chemical facts; whether or ... |
Electrical noise Quantification Signal_noise > Quantification Telecommunication systems strive to increase the ratio of signal level to noise level in order to effectively transfer data. Noise in telecommunication systems is a product of both internal and external sources to the system. Noise is a random process, chara... |
Channel system Boundedness problem Channel_system_(computer_science) > Problems and their complexity > Boundedness problem The boundedness problem consists in deciding whether the set of reachable configuration is finite. I.e. the length of the content of each channel is bounded. This problem is trivially decidable ove... |
Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem Statement of the theorem and its proof Original_proof_of_Gödel's_completeness_theorem > Statement of the theorem and its proof While we cannot do this by simply rearranging the quantifiers, we show that it is yet enough to prove the theorem for sentences of that form. Fina... |
Rolle's Theorem Generalization to higher derivatives Rolle's_Theorem > Generalization to higher derivatives We can also generalize Rolle's theorem by requiring that f has more points with equal values and greater regularity. Specifically, suppose that the function f is n − 1 times continuously differentiable on the clo... |
Eutectic bonding Overview Eutectic_bonding > Overview Eutectic bonding is based on the ability of silicon (Si) to alloy with numerous metals and form a eutectic system. The most established eutectic formations are Si with gold (Au) or with aluminium (Al). This bonding procedure is most commonly used for Si or glass waf... |
Identical particles Distinguishing between particles Exchange_degeneracy > Distinguishing between particles The problem with the second approach is that it contradicts the principles of quantum mechanics. According to quantum theory, the particles do not possess definite positions during the periods between measurement... |
Pole mount transformer Connections Distribution_transformer > Connections (When there is only one phase wire, a neutral will always be provided as a return path.) Primaries provide power at the standard distribution voltages used in the area; these range from as low as 2.3 kV to about 35 kV depending on local distribut... |
Program evaluation Planning a program evaluation Program_evaluation > Planning a program evaluation Who will use this evaluation? How will they use it? What questions is this evaluation seeking to answer? |
Zero-knowledge proofs Short summary Zero-knowledge_proof > Practical examples > Discrete log of a given value > Short summary Peggy proves to know the value of x (for example her password). Peggy and Victor agree on a prime p {\displaystyle p} and a generator g {\displaystyle g} of the multiplicative group of the field... |
Distributed Replicated Block Device Comparison to RAID-1 Distributed_Replicated_Block_Device > Comparison to RAID-1 When the application reads, the RAID layer chooses the storage device to read. When a storage device fails, the RAID layer chooses to read the other, without the application instance knowing of the failur... |
Brace and bit Summary Brace_and_bit The cost of the greater torque is lower rotational speed; it is easy for a geared hand drill to achieve a rotational speed of several hundred revolutions per minute, while it would require considerable effort to achieve even 100 rpm with a brace. The front of the brace consists of a ... |
Triangulation (computer vision) Computational complexity Triangulation_(computer_vision) > Properties > Computational complexity The function τ {\displaystyle \tau } is only an abstract representation of a computation which, in practice, may be relatively complex. Some methods result in a τ {\displaystyle \tau } which ... |
JPEG Discrete cosine transform Progressive_JPEG > JPEG codec example > Encoding > Discrete cosine transform The next step is to take the two-dimensional DCT, which is given by: G u , v = 1 4 α ( u ) α ( v ) ∑ x = 0 7 ∑ y = 0 7 g x , y cos cos {\displaystyle \ G_{u,v}={\frac {1}{4}}\alpha (u)\alpha (v)\sum _{x=0}^... |
Matrix exponential Linear differential equations Matrix_exponential > Applications > Linear differential equations So, calculating eAt leads to the solution to the system, by simply integrating the third step with respect to t. A solution to this can be obtained by integrating and multiplying by e A t {\displaystyle e^... |
Podsolisation Summary Podsolisation Podsolisation is an extreme form of leaching which causes the eluviation of iron and aluminium sesquioxides.The process generally occurs in areas where precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration. The minerals are removed by a process known as leaching. When organic material is ... |
Array data type Summary Zero-based_array In computer science, array is a data type that represents a collection of elements (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices (identifying keys) that can be computed at run time during program execution. Such a collection is usually called an array variable or a... |
Cognitive load Journal special issues Cognitive_load > Further reading > Journal special issues For those wishing to learn more about cognitive load theory, please consider reading these journals and special issues of those journals: Educational Psychologist, vol. 43 (4) ISSN 0046-1520 Applied Cognitive Psychology vol.... |
Pythagoras Works cited Pythagoras > References > Works cited Only a few relevant source texts deal with Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans; most are available in different translations. Later texts usually build solely upon information in these works. Classical sources Modern secondary sources |
KMS driver History Graphics_Execution_Manager > History This expanded API is what is called Kernel Mode-setting (KMS) and the drivers which implement it are often referred to as KMS drivers. In March 2009, KMS was merged into the Linux kernel version 2.6.29, along with KMS support for the i915 driver. The KMS API have ... |
Solar panel recycling Applications Solar_Panels > Applications There are many practical applications for the use of solar panels or photovoltaics. It can first be used in agriculture as a power source for irrigation. In health care solar panels can be used to refrigerate medical supplies. It can also be used for infras... |
Bag of words model in computer vision Supervised models Bag_of_words_model_in_computer_vision > Learning and recognition based on the BoW model > Supervised models Since images are represented based on the BoW model, any discriminative model suitable for text document categorization can be tried, such as support vector... |
Hook-and-loop fastener Applications Hook_and_loop > Applications Hook-and-loop fasteners held together a human heart during the first artificial heart surgery. It is used in nuclear power plants and army tanks to hold flashlights to walls. In cars, hook-and-loop fasteners are used to bond headliners, floor mats and spe... |
Antimycin A Lethal Doses Antimycin_A > Toxicity > Lethal Doses Lethal doses in fish and amphibian species Lethal Doses in Mammals |
History of the function concept Notion of "function" in contemporary set theory History_of_the_function_concept > Since 1950 > Notion of "function" in contemporary set theory 76 in Chapitre II of Theorie des Ensembles (theory of sets), gave a definition of a function as a triple f = (F, A, B). Here F is a functional gr... |
Spacecraft flight dynamics Basic principles Spacecraft_flight_dynamics > Basic principles A space vehicle's flight is determined by application of Newton's second law of motion: where F is the vector sum of all forces exerted on the vehicle, m is its current mass, and a is the acceleration vector, the instantaneous rat... |
Immunologic adjuvant Adaptive immune response Immunologic_adjuvant > Adaptive immune response In addition, mast cells also release chemokines which result in the positive chemotaxis of other immune cells of both the innate and adaptive immune responses to the infected area.Due to the variety of mechanisms and links bet... |
Spatial verification Methods Spatial_verification > Methods The most widely used for spatial verification and avoid errors caused by these outliers methods are: |
Hydraulic analogy Voltage, current, and charge Hydraulic_analogy > Hydraulic analogy with horizontal water flow > Voltage, current, and charge Electric potential and voltage are usually measured in volts. Electric current is equivalent to a hydraulic volume flow rate; that is, the volumetric quantity of flowing water o... |
Polymer-cased ammunition Summary Polymer-cased_ammunition Polymer-cased ammunition (PCA) is firearm ammunition (cartridge) with casings made from synthetic polymer instead of the typical metallic casing. PCA is considered a new alternative that potentially reduces production cost and weight for long guns and handguns. |
Sensor based sorting Tomra Sorting Solutions │ Mining Sensor-based_sorting > Sensor-based ore sorting > Suppliers > Tomra Sorting Solutions │ Mining A sensor-based sorting equipment supplier with large installed base in the industries mining, recycling and food. Tomra's sensor-based sorting equipment and services for t... |
Cray-1 Vector machines Cray-1 > Background > Vector machines The addition of an instruction pipeline changes this. In such machines the CPU will "look ahead" and begin fetching succeeding instructions while the current instruction is still being processed. In this assembly line fashion any one instruction still require... |
Injury in humans Complications Injury_in_humans > Treatment > Complications Complications may arise as a result of certain injuries, increasing the recovery time, further exasperating the symptoms, or potentially causing death. The extent of the injury and the age of the injured person may contribute to the likelihood ... |
Azithromycin Adverse effects Azithromycin > Adverse effects Azithromycin does not affect the efficacy of birth control unlike some other antibiotics such as rifampin. Hearing loss has been reported.Occasionally, people have developed cholestatic hepatitis or delirium. Accidental intravenous overdose in an infant caused... |
Synaptic cleft Homosynaptic plasticity Chemical_synapse > Synaptic plasticity > Homosynaptic plasticity It can result in either an increase or decrease in synaptic strength. One example is neurons of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which release noradrenaline, which, besides affecting postsynaptic receptors, also... |
Work in compressed air Summary Work_in_compressed_air Work in compressed air, compressed air work or hyperbaric work is occupational activity in an enclosed atmosphere at a controlled ambient pressure significantly higher than the adjacent normal atmospheric pressure. There are many parallels with underwater diving, an... |
Hyperbolic cylinder Surface area Circular_cylinder > Properties > Surface area Having radius r and altitude (height) h, the surface area of a right circular cylinder, oriented so that its axis is vertical, consists of three parts: the area of the top base: πr2 the area of the bottom base: πr2 the area of the side: 2πrh... |
Centripetal Force Calculus derivation Centripetal_Force > Analysis of several cases > Uniform circular motion > Calculus derivation Therefore, θ = ω t {\displaystyle \theta =\omega t} where t {\displaystyle t} is time.The velocity v {\displaystyle {\textbf {v}}} and acceleration a {\displaystyle {\textbf {a}}} of the m... |
Extensible Storage Engine Sorts and temporary tables Extensible_Storage_Engine > Query processing > Sorts and temporary tables ESE provides a sort capability in the form of temporary tables. The application inserts data records into the sort process one record at a time, and then retrieves them one record at a time in ... |
Geometric mean Summary Geometric_mean The geometric mean of two numbers, a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} , is the length of one side of a square whose area is equal to the area of a rectangle with sides of lengths a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} . Similarly, the geometric mean of three numbers, ... |
Server-based signatures Summary Server-based_signatures In cryptography, server-based signatures are digital signatures in which a publicly available server participates in the signature creation process. This is in contrast to conventional digital signatures that are based on public-key cryptography and public-key inf... |
Molecular fossil Atmospheric disequilibrium Biomarker_(petroleum) > Examples > Atmospheric disequilibrium A disequilibrium in the abundance of gas species in an atmosphere can be interpreted as a biosignature. Life has greatly altered the atmosphere on Earth in a way that would be unlikely for any other processes to re... |
SI base units Summary SI_base_unit The SI base units are the standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units (SI) for the seven base quantities of what is now known as the International System of Quantities: they are notably a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived. The units ... |
Quadratic equation Vieta's formulas Quadratic_equations > Advanced topics > Alternative methods of root calculation > Vieta's formulas Vieta's formulas (named after François Viète) are the relations x 1 + x 2 = − b a , x 1 x 2 = c a {\displaystyle x_{1}+x_{2}=-{\frac {b}{a}},\quad x_{1}x_{2}={\frac {c}{a}}} between the... |
MOSI protocol Overview of States MOSI_protocol > Overview of States At a time, only one cache can have the owned state for a block. All the other caches with the same block must be in shared state.Shared (S) - Cache block is valid, could be shared by multiple caches, and may or may not have the same value as the main m... |
Variable reluctance sensor Uses and applications Variable_reluctance_sensor > Uses and applications A VR sensor used as a simple proximity sensor can determine the position of a mechanical link in a piece of industrial equipment. A crankshaft position sensor (in an automobile engine) is used to provide the angular posi... |
Electrical component Transistors Electrical_components > Active components > Semiconductors > Transistors Transistors were considered the invention of the twentieth century that changed electronic circuits forever. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power... |
Hereditary cancers Preventive actions Hereditary_cancer > Preventive actions Genetic testing is important as if a test comes out positive they are more aware of their own personal health and the health of immediate family members. With the help and advice from a medical professional they can take steps to reduce their ... |
Ring expansion reaction Favorskii rearrangement Ring_expansion_reaction > Ring contraction reactions > Favorskii rearrangement The Favorskii rearrangement is a classic anionic ring contraction. It proceeds through a carbanion that attacks an endocyclic carbon and expels a leaving group (a halide) forming a bicyclic mol... |
Wavelet Comparisons with Fourier transform (continuous-time) Wavelet_analysis > Comparisons with Fourier transform (continuous-time) A given resolution cell's time-bandwidth product may not be exceeded with the STFT. All STFT basis elements maintain a uniform spectral and temporal support for all temporal shifts or off... |
Binary Domain Summary Binary_Domain Binary Domain is a third-person shooter video game developed by Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio and published by Sega. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in February 2012 and Windows in April 2012. The game is set in Tokyo, Japan, in the year 2080. It features innovative artificial ... |
Artifact (error) Summary Artifact_(error) In natural science and signal processing, an artifact or artefact is any error in the perception or representation of any information introduced by the involved equipment or technique(s). |
Average case analysis Worst-case versus amortized versus average-case performance Average_case_analysis > Worst-case versus amortized versus average-case performance Often however, a pessimistic analysis may be too pessimistic, so an analysis that gets closer to the real value but may be optimistic (perhaps with some k... |
Linkage Editor Overview Linking_loader > Overview This pass is usually omitted on hardware offering virtual memory: every program is put into its own address space, so there is no conflict even if all programs load at the same base address. This pass may also be omitted if the executable is a position independent execu... |
Biochemical pathway Overview Molecular_pathway > Overview One example of an exception to this "rule" is the metabolism of glucose. Glycolysis results in the breakdown of glucose, but several reactions in the glycolysis pathway are reversible and participate in the re-synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis). Glycolysis w... |
Directory-based coherence protocols Summary Directory-based_coherence_protocols In computer engineering, directory-based cache coherence is a type of cache coherence mechanism, where directories are used to manage caches in place of bus snooping. Bus snooping methods scale poorly due to the use of broadcasting. These m... |
Tunnel crankcase Disadvantages Tunnel_crankshaft > Disadvantages Although the reduced length of the crankshaft may allow large engines to be built with shorter machinery. Crankshaft inertiaThe enlarged webs have greater mass, thus greater rotational inertia, particularly as they place this mass at the greatest radius a... |
Graphoid Summary Graphoid A graphoid is a set of statements of the form, "X is irrelevant to Y given that we know Z" where X, Y and Z are sets of variables. The notion of "irrelevance" and "given that we know" may obtain different interpretations, including probabilistic, relational and correlational, depending on the ... |
Audio transformer Instrument transformer Audio_transformer > Instrument transformer Instrument transformers are typically used to operate instruments from high voltage lines or high current circuits, safely isolating measurement and control circuitry from the high voltages or currents. The primary winding of the transf... |
Parabolic Flight Operating principles Reduced_gravity_aircraft > Operating principles The aircraft gives its occupants the sensation of weightlessness by following a parabolic flight path relative to the center of the Earth. While following this path, the aircraft and its payload are in free fall at certain points of i... |
Friction coefficient Lubricants Coefficient_of_static_friction > Reducing friction > Lubricants A common way to reduce friction is by using a lubricant, such as oil, water, or grease, which is placed between the two surfaces, often dramatically lessening the coefficient of friction. The science of friction and lubricat... |
Accessible toilet Description Accessible_toilet > Description Public toilets (aka restrooms) can present accessibility challenges for people with disabilities. For example, stalls may not be able to fit a wheelchair, and transferring between the wheelchair and the toilet seat may pose a challenge. Accessible toilets ar... |
Adversarial stylometry Evaluation Adversarial_stylometry > Evaluation Zhai et al. (2022) identify DS-PAN (Castro-Castro, Ortega Bueno & Muñoz 2017) and Mutant-X (Mahmood et al. 2019) as the 2022 state of the art in automated obfuscation. Manual stylistic modulation is a significant effort, with poor scalability propert... |
Residual neural network Summary Residual_neural_network This enables deep learning models with tens or hundreds of layers to train easily and approach better accuracy when going deeper. The identity skip connections, often referred to as "residual connections", are also used in the 1997 LSTM networks, Transformer model... |
Control charts Criticisms Shewhart_chart > Criticisms Several authors have criticised the control chart on the grounds that it violates the likelihood principle. However, the principle is itself controversial and supporters of control charts further argue that, in general, it is impossible to specify a likelihood funct... |
Jacobi's formula Via Diagonalization Jacobi's_formula > Derivation > Via Diagonalization Then t r ( A − 1 A ′ ) = t r ( L ( L − 1 ) ′ ) + t r ( D − 1 D ′ ) + t r ( L − 1 L ′ ) = t r ( D − 1 D ′ ) . {\displaystyle \mathrm {tr} (A^{-1}A')=\mathrm {tr} (L(L^{-1})')+\mathrm {tr} (D^{-1}D')+\mathrm {tr} (L^{-1}L')=\mathrm {... |
Domain adaptation Softwares Domain_randomization > Softwares Several compilations of domain adaptation and transfer learning algorithms have been implemented over the past decades: ADAPT (Python) TLlib (Python) Domain-Adaptation-Toolbox (Matlab) == References == |
Neutron economy Summary Neutron_economy A fission reactor is based on the idea of maintaining criticality, where every fission event leads to another fission event, no more and no less. As fission of uranium releases two or three neutrons, this means some of the neutrons must be removed as part of the overall process. ... |
Closed control loop Other examples Control_loop > Open-loop and closed-loop > Other examples Now, when the car goes uphill, the difference between the input (the sensed speed) and the reference continuously determines the throttle position. As the sensed speed drops below the reference, the difference increases, the th... |
Plastics extrusion Advantages Plastics_extrusion > Advantages A great advantage of extrusion is that profiles such as pipes can be made to any length. If the material is sufficiently flexible, pipes can be made at long lengths even coiling on a reel. Another advantage is the extrusion of pipes with integrated coupler i... |
Halobacterium salinarium Low oxygen and phototrophy Halobacterium_salinarium > Adaptation to extreme conditions > Low oxygen and phototrophy Upon absorption of a photon, retinal changes its conformation, causing a conformational change in the bacterioopsin protein, as well, which drives proton transport. The proton gra... |
Divide-and-conquer eigenvalue algorithm Conquer Divide-and-conquer_eigenvalue_algorithm > Conquer The conquer part of the algorithm is the unintuitive part. Given the diagonalizations of the submatrices, calculated above, how do we find the diagonalization of the original matrix? First, define z T = ( q 1 T , q 2 T ) {... |
Lac operon Classification of regulatory mutants Lactose_operon > Development of the classic model > Classification of regulatory mutants If one copy of the lac genes carries a mutation in lacI, but the second copy is wild type for lacI, the resulting phenotype is normal—but lacZ is expressed when exposed to inducer IPT... |
Gradient vector flow Theory Gradient_vector_flow > Theory The boundary conditions are effectively provided by the locations in the image where the magnitude of the edge gradient is large, where the solution is driven to agree more with the edge gradients. Computational Solutions. There are two fundamental ways to compu... |
Kepler-61 Summary Kepler-61 Kepler-61 is a K-type main-sequence star approximately 1,100 light years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 24,... |
Circle of equal altitude Parameters Circle_of_equal_altitude > Parameters The center of the CoP, is the geographical position (GP) of the observed body, the substellar point for a star, the subsolar point for the sun. The radius is the great circle distance equal to the zenith distance of the body. Center = geographica... |
IRONCAD Summary IRONCAD IRONCAD is a software product for 3D and 2D CAD (computer-aided-design) design focused mainly on the mechanical design market that runs on Microsoft Windows. It is developed by Atlanta, GA based IronCAD LLC. |
Direct-Shift Gearbox Disadvantages Direct-Shift_Gearbox > Advantages and disadvantages > Disadvantages The clutch pack mechanisms have a limited lifespan; Marginally worse mechanical efficiency compared to a conventional manual transmission, especially on wet-clutch variants due to electronics and hydraulic systems; Ex... |
Holger Bech Nielsen Work Holger_Bech_Nielsen > Work In a series of papers uploaded to arXiv.org in 2009, Nielsen and fellow physicist Masao Ninomiya proposed a radical theory to explain the seemingly improbable series of failures preventing the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) from becoming operational. The collider was int... |
Lattice basis Summary Fundamental_pair_of_periods In mathematics, a fundamental pair of periods is an ordered pair of complex numbers that defines a lattice in the complex plane. This type of lattice is the underlying object with which elliptic functions and modular forms are defined. |
Einstein–de Haas effect History Einstein–de_Haas_effect > History In that historical context the idea of the orbital motion of electrons in atoms contradicted classical physics. This contradiction was addressed in the Bohr model in 1913, and later was removed with the development of quantum mechanics. S.J. |
Quantum Wells Description and overview Multiple_quantum_well > Description and overview For example, an electron in the conduction band can have lower energy within the well than it could have in the AlGaAs region of this structure. Consequently, an electron in the conduction band with low energy can be trapped within ... |
Decision making process Intuitive vs. rational Decision_tool > Cognitive styles > Intuitive vs. rational The psychologist Daniel Kahneman, adopting terms originally proposed by the psychologists Keith Stanovich and Richard West, has theorized that a person's decision-making is the result of an interplay between two kin... |
Molar specific heat Measurement Heat_Capacity > Measurement The heat capacity can usually be measured by the method implied by its definition: start with the object at a known uniform temperature, add a known amount of heat energy to it, wait for its temperature to become uniform, and measure the change in its temperat... |
James Franck Franck–Hertz experiment James_Franck > Franck–Hertz experiment Slower electrons just bounce off mercury atoms without losing any significant speed or kinetic energy.These experimental results provided confirmation of Albert Einstein's photoelectric effect and Planck's relation (E = fh) linking energy (E) a... |
Producer–consumer problem Dijkstra's bounded buffer solution Producer–consumer_problem > Dijkstra's bounded buffer solution If the buffer is empty, that is the number of queueing portions is zero, the consumer thread will wait in the P(number of queueing portions) operation. The V() operations release the semaphores. A... |
Institute for Information, Telecommunication and Media Law Current research projects Institute_for_Information,_Telecommunication_and_Media_Law > Scientific activities > Current research projects Thereby the head of the Project is Fernando Galindo of the University of Zaragoza. Matters of Law in the German Research Net... |
McCarthy 91 function History McCarthy_91_function > History The 91 function was introduced in papers published by Zohar Manna, Amir Pnueli and John McCarthy in 1970. These papers represented early developments towards the application of formal methods to program verification. The 91 function was chosen for being nested... |
Affective disorder Not otherwise specified Mood_disturbance > Classification > Not otherwise specified The diagnosis of MD-NOS does not exist in the DSM-5, however the diagnoses of unspecified depressive disorder and unspecified bipolar disorder are in the DSM-5.Most cases of MD-NOS represent hybrids between mood and a... |
Anonymous recursion Passing functions as arguments Anonymous_recursion > Alternatives > Passing functions as arguments This is mainly of academic interest, particularly to show that the lambda calculus has recursion, as the resulting expression is significantly more complicated than the original named recursive functio... |
Marketing and artificial intelligence Use of artificial intelligence to analyze social networks on the web Marketing_and_artificial_intelligence > Use of artificial intelligence to analyze social networks on the web A social network is a social arrangement of actors who make up a group, within a network; there can be a... |
Ebola hemorrhagic fever Pathophysiology Ebola > Pathophysiology Like other filoviruses, EBOV replicates very efficiently in many cells, producing large amounts of virus in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and other cells including liver cells, fibroblasts, and adrenal gland cells. Viral replication triggers high... |
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