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Period 2 elements Fluorine Period_2_element > Periodic trends > Fluorine Fluorine even attacks silica, one of the favored materials for transporting strong acids, and burns asbestos. It attacks common salt, one of the most stable compounds, with the release of chlorine. It never appears uncombined in nature and almost ... |
Secondary calculus Classical analogues Secondary_calculus > Classical analogues More generally, the analog of differential forms in secondary calculus are the elements of the first term of the so-called C-spectral sequence, and so on. The simplest diffieties are infinite prolongations of partial differential equations,... |
Thermodynamic system History Thermal_system > History The first to create the concept of a thermodynamic system was the French physicist Sadi Carnot whose 1824 Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire studied what he called the working substance, e.g., typically a body of water vapor, in steam engines, in regards to the... |
P vs. NP P = NP P_≠_NP > Consequences of solution > P = NP Similarly, Stephen Cook (assuming not only a proof, but a practically efficient algorithm) says: ... it would transform mathematics by allowing a computer to find a formal proof of any theorem which has a proof of a reasonable length, since formal proofs can ea... |
P value Multistage experiment design P_value > Example > Testing the fairness of a coin > Multistage experiment design The difference between the two meanings of "extreme" appear when we consider a multistage experiment for testing the fairness of the coin. Suppose we design the experiment as follows: Flip the coin twi... |
Cladogenesis Summary Cladogenesis Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade.This event usually occurs when a few organisms end up in new, often distant areas or when environmental changes cause several extinctions, opening up ecological niches for the survi... |
Drag Coefficient Background Coefficient_of_Drag > Background A high form drag results in a broad wake. The boundary layer will transition from laminar to turbulent if Reynolds number of the flow around the body is sufficiently great. |
Homo- Summary Homo- The terms desmethyl- or demethyl- are synonyms of "nor-". "Nor" is an abbreviation of normal. Originally, the term was used to denote the completely demethylated form of the parent compound. |
Biomimetic architecture Characteristics Biomimetic_architecture > Characteristics In general, functions in technical systems aim to develop a system as a result of design, while in biological systems, functions can occasionally be an unsystematic genetic evolutionary change that leads to a particular function that is n... |
Deepfake Techniques Deepfake > Techniques This can then be decoded with a model trained specifically for the target. This means the target's detailed information will be superimposed on the underlying facial and body features of the original video, represented in the latent space.A popular upgrade to this architecture ... |
Proxy servers Cross-domain resources Caching_proxy > Uses > Security > Cross-domain resources Proxies allow web sites to make web requests to externally hosted resources (e.g. images, music files, etc.) when cross-domain restrictions prohibit the web site from linking directly to the outside domains. Proxies also allow... |
Kelvin effect Apparent paradox Kelvin_equation > Apparent paradox When the interactions are attractive in nature, the disjoining pressure, Π {\displaystyle \Pi } is negative. Near the contact line, the disjoining pressure dominates over the Laplace pressure, implying that the solubility, c {\displaystyle c} is less tha... |
Drug-facilitated sexual assault Scenarios Drug-facilitated_sexual_assault > Profiling > Scenarios Most DFSAs are similar to non-drug-facilitated date rape, but not all. DFSAs may occur between employers and employees, particularly in situations where an employee is vulnerable, for example because they are an undocument... |
Equivalent series resistance Overview Equivalent_series_resistance > Overview One way to deal with these inherent resistances in circuit analysis is to use a lumped element model to express each physical component as a combination of an ideal component and a small resistor in series, the ESR. The ESR can be measured an... |
Pyloric stomach Clinical significance Pyloric_valve > Clinical significance In such conditions as stomach cancer, tumours may partly block the pyloric canal. A special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum so as to facilitate the passage of food from one to the other. The surgery to pl... |
Greenhouse gas monitoring Infrared gas analyzer Greenhouse_gas_monitoring > Methodology > Carbon dioxide monitoring > Infrared gas analyzer A glowing nichrome filament radiates broadband IR radiation which splits into two beams and passes through the gas cells. Carbon dioxide absorbs some of the radiation, allowing mor... |
Synthetic biological circuit History Synthetic_biological_circuit > History The first natural gene circuit studied in detail was the lac operon. In studies of diauxic growth of E. coli on two-sugar media, Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob discovered that E.coli preferentially consumes the more easily processed glucose b... |
Source of activation confusion model Summary Source_of_activation_confusion_model SAC (source of activation confusion) is a computational model of memory encoding and retrieval. It has been developed by Lynne M. Reder at Carnegie Mellon University. It shares many commonalities with ACT-R.Ilyes le bosse |
Painting and Decorating Contractors of America Summary Painting_and_Decorating_Contractors_of_America The Painting Contractors Association (PCA) is a non-profit association established in 1884 to represent the painting and decorating industry. It was founded as the "Master House Painters Association of the United State... |
CAD/CAM dentistry Metals CAD/CAM_dentistry > Materials used in computer-aided manufacture > Metals Metals such as CoCr and titanium can be manufactured using CADCAM software. Precious metals cannot be machined for a variety of reasons, including expense. Pre-sintered CoCr blocks are available, and requires sintering af... |
Amoxicillin Spectrum of activity Amoxicillin > Medical uses > Spectrum of activity It is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, β-lactam antibiotic in the aminopenicillin family used to treat susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better-absorb... |
Helmholtz machines Summary Helmholtz_machines At the time, Helmholtz machines were one of a handful of learning architectures that used feedback as well as feedforward to ensure quality of learned models.Helmholtz machines are usually trained using an unsupervised learning algorithm, such as the wake-sleep algorithm. T... |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers Binding to β adrenergic receptors Discovery_and_development_of_beta-blockers > Mechanism of action > Binding to β adrenergic receptors Three different types of β-adrenergic receptors have been identified by molecular pharmacology. β1-receptors are located in the heart and cons... |
Environmental physiology CO2 concentration Ecophysiology > Plants > CO2 concentration Extensive experiments growing plants under elevated CO2 using Free-Air Concentration Enrichment have shown that photosynthetic efficiency does indeed increase. Plant growth rates also increase, by an average of 17% for above-ground ti... |
Direct policy search Summary Reinforcement_Learning Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative reward. Reinforcement learning is one of three basic machine learning paradigms, alon... |
IV bag Medication and treatment Intravenous_drip > Uses > Medical uses > Medication and treatment Medications may be mixed into the fluids mentioned above, commonly normal saline, or dextrose solutions. Compared with other routes of administration, such as oral medications, the IV route is the fastest way to deliver fl... |
Replicate (biology) Summary Replicate_(biology) In the biological sciences, a replicate is an exact copy of a sample that is being analyzed, such as a cell, organism or molecule, on which exactly the same procedure is done. This is often done in order to check for experimental or procedural error. In the absence of err... |
Geometric microliths Summary Geometric_microliths Microliths are produced from either a small blade (microblade) or a larger blade-like piece of flint by abrupt or truncated retouching, which leaves a very typical piece of waste, called a microburin. The microliths themselves are sufficiently worked so as to be disting... |
Data locality Matrix multiplication Temporal_locality > Spatial and temporal locality usage > Matrix multiplication A common example is matrix multiplication: By switching the looping order for j and k, the speedup in large matrix multiplications becomes dramatic, at least for languages that put contiguous array elemen... |
DSM V Section III: emerging measures and models DSM_V > Changes from DSM-IV > Section III: emerging measures and models It includes dimensional measures for the assessment of symptoms, criteria for the cultural formulation of disorders and an alternative proposal for the conceptualization of personality disorders, as w... |
Group structure and the axiom of choice The axiom of choice implies a group structure Group_structure_and_the_axiom_of_choice > The axiom of choice implies a group structure Thus, |X| ≤ |F| and |F| ≤ |X|, so, by the Schröder–Bernstein theorem, |F| = |X|. This means precisely that there is a bijection j between X and F.... |
Jackson Structured Programming A worked example Jackson_Structured_Programming > A worked example See the discussion of structure clashes, below.) Once the program structure is finished, the programmer creates a list of the computational operations that the program must perform, and the program structure diagram is fle... |
Industrial equipment Technological development in industry Industrial_Technology > Technological development in industry A major subject of study is technological development in industry. This has been defined as: the introduction of new tools and techniques for performing given tasks in production, distribution, data ... |
Jerk (physics) Further derivatives Jerk_(physics) > Further derivatives Further time derivatives have also been named, as snap or jounce (fourth derivative), crackle (fifth derivative), and pop (sixth derivative). However, time derivatives of position of higher order than four appear rarely.The terms snap, crackle, and... |
Quotient rule Reciprocal rule Quotient_rule > Reciprocal rule The reciprocal rule is a special case of the quotient rule in which the numerator f ( x ) = 1 {\displaystyle f(x)=1} . Applying the quotient rule gives Note that utilizing the chain rule yields the same result. |
B. F. Skinner Operant conditioning chamber B._F._Skinner > Scientific inventions > Operant conditioning chamber A press on this "manipulandum" could deliver food to the animal through an opening in the wall, and responses reinforced in this way increased in frequency. By controlling this reinforcement together with dis... |
Opposite direction (geometry) Multiple dimensions Orientation_(geometry) > Mathematical representations > Multiple dimensions When there are d dimensions, specification of an orientation of an object that does not have any rotational symmetry requires d(d − 1) / 2 independent values. |
Universal Constants Choice of units Physical_constants > Choice of units This value has become a standard example when discussing the derivability or non-derivability of physical constants. Introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld, its value and uncertainty as determined at the time was consistent with 1/137. This motivated Art... |
TCP connection TCP veto ACK_flag > Vulnerabilities > TCP veto TCP veto gives the attacker less control over the communication but makes the attack particularly resistant to detection. The only evidence to the receiver that something is amiss is a single duplicate packet, a normal occurrence in an IP network. The sender... |
Toll tag Automated vehicle classification Toll_tag > Technologies > Automated vehicle classification More complex systems use a variety of sensors. Inductive sensors embedded in the road surface can determine the gaps between vehicles, to provide basic information on the presence of a vehicle. With clever software proc... |
Elementary recursive Definition Elementary_recursive > Definition Projection functions: these are used for ignoring arguments. For example, f(a, b) = a is a projection function. Subtraction function: f(x, y) = x − y if y < x, or 0 if y ≥ x. This function is used to define conditionals and iteration.From these basic fun... |
DNA virus Summary Single-stranded_DNA_viruses A DNA virus is a virus that has a genome made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that is replicated by a DNA polymerase. They can be divided between those that have two strands of DNA in their genome, called double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of... |
Familial hemiplegic migraine Management Familial_hemiplegic_migraine > Management See the equivalent section in the main migraine article. People with FHM are encouraged to avoid activities that may trigger their attacks. Minor head trauma is a common attack precipitant, so FHM sufferers should avoid contact sports. Ac... |
Erdosteine Clinical uses Erdosteine > Clinical uses It modules the sputum viscosity. Erdosteine efficacy is significant in reducing symptoms associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A multicentric, multinational study on more than 450 patients with COPD demonstrated that erdosteine is able to reduce both ... |
Ian Goodfellow Summary Ian_Goodfellow Ian J. Goodfellow (born 1987) is an American computer scientist, engineer, and executive, most noted for his work on artificial neural networks and deep learning. He was previously employed as a research scientist at Google Brain and director of machine learning at Apple and has ma... |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor Huntington's disease Glucagon-like_peptide-1_receptor > Clinical signifance > Huntington's disease When the islets in the pancreas are exposed to GLP-1, there is an increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic genes bax and caspase-3, w... |
Assisted ventilation Modes Respiratory_monitoring > Technique > Modes Mechanical ventilation utilizes several separate systems for ventilation referred to as the mode. Modes come in many different delivery concepts but all conventional positive pressure ventilators modes fall into one of two categories; volume-cycled o... |
Mass deacidification Goals Mass_deacidification > Goals These are the results that the Library of Congress expected of an ideal mass deacidification treatment in 1994: neutralize acidic paper and add an alkaline reserve. produce a pH value between 6.8 and 10.4 that is evenly distributed throughout the book. should not ... |
Intrinsic apoptosis Treatments Intrinsic_apoptosis > Implication in disease > Inhibition > Treatments The main method of treatment for potential death from signaling-related diseases involves either increasing or decreasing the susceptibility of apoptosis in diseased cells, depending on whether the disease is caused by... |
Probability box Distribution-free p-boxes Probability_box > Where p-boxes come from > Distribution-free p-boxes Even if the parameters such as mean and variance of a distribution are known precisely, the distribution cannot be specified precisely if the distribution family is unknown. In such situations, envelopes of a... |
Nickel(II) titanate Summary Nickel(II)_titanate The first method involves nickel(II) titanate's melting temperature of over 500 °C at which its precursor decomposes to give nickel(II) titanate as a residue. Nickel(II) titanate has been used as a catalyst for toluene oxidation. The second method involved using enthalpy ... |
Tensor Component-free notation Tensor_equation > Notation > Component-free notation A component-free treatment of tensors uses notation that emphasises that tensors do not rely on any basis, and is defined in terms of the tensor product of vector spaces. |
Artificial life form Perspectives Synthetic_Biology > Perspectives Biomolecular design refers to the general idea of de novo design and additive combination of biomolecular components. Each of these approaches shares a similar task: to develop a more synthetic entity at a higher level of complexity by inventively manip... |
CAD data exchange Third-party translators CAD_data_exchange > Data exchange options > Third-party translators Several companies specialize in CAD data translation software that can read from one CAD system and write the information in another CAD system format. There are a handful of companies that provide low-level so... |
Electromagnetic coil Summary Magnetic_coil An electromagnetic coil is an electrical conductor such as a wire in the shape of a coil (spiral or helix). Electromagnetic coils are used in electrical engineering, in applications where electric currents interact with magnetic fields, in devices such as electric motors, gene... |
Productive efficiency Theoretical measures Productive_efficiency > Theoretical measures Many theoretical measures of production efficiency have been proposed in the literature as well as many approaches to estimate them. The most popular measures of efficiency include Farrell measure (also known as Debreu–Farrell measu... |
Single electron transistors In a tunnel junction Coulomb_blockade > In a tunnel junction The following section is for the case of tunnel junctions with an insulating barrier between two normal conducting electrodes (NIN junctions). The tunnel junction is, in its simplest form, a thin insulating barrier between two cond... |
Transcription translation feedback loop Alternatives to the TTFL model Transcription_translation_feedback_loop > Alternatives to the TTFL model Post-translational feedback loops (PTFLs) involved in clock gene regulation have also been uncovered, often working in tandem with the TTFL model. In both mammals and plants, p... |
Electromagnetic Waves Wave model Theory_of_radiation > Physics > Wave model In the far-field EM radiation which is described by the two source-free Maxwell curl operator equations, a time-change in one type of field is proportional to the curl of the other. These derivatives require that the E and B fields in EMR are i... |
LDL decomposition Geometric interpretation Cholesky_factorization > Geometric interpretation This makes V {\displaystyle V} an upper-triangular matrix. Then, we have A = L L T {\displaystyle A=LL^{T}} , where L = ( V − 1 ) T {\displaystyle L=(V^{-1})^{T}} is lower-triangular. Similarly, principal component analysis cor... |
Newtonian theory History Classical_mechanics > History Some difficulties were discovered in the late 19th century that could only be resolved by more modern physics. Some of these difficulties related to compatibility with electromagnetic theory, and the famous Michelson–Morley experiment. The resolution of these probl... |
Sensor noise Noise reduction Image_noise > Noise reduction The high sensitivity image quality of a given camera (or RAW development workflow) may depend greatly on the quality of the algorithm used for noise reduction. Since noise levels increase as ISO sensitivity is increased, most camera manufacturers increase the n... |
Lateral raise Inverted fly Chest_fly > Equipment > Inverted fly The inverted fly (also known as a bent-over lateral raise, reverse fly, or rear delt fly) works the posterior deltoid. This movement is the opposite of a chest fly. The exercise is performed with the torso parallel to the ground, facing down, with the hand... |
LC4MP Cognitive resources LC4MP > Cognitive resources The reasons for these fine-tuned distinctions are several. First, people may not allocate all of the available resources to a task at hand because they are cognitive misers. |
Vector boson Summary Pseudovector_boson In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark)... |
Photoredox catalysis Oxidative generation of oxocarbenium ions Photoredox_catalysis > Applications > Oxidative generation of oxocarbenium ions The electron-poor fluorinated ligands makes the iridium complex oxidising enough to accept an electron from an electron-rich arene such as a PMB ether. After the arene is oxidiz... |
List of algorithms Computer architecture Graph_algorithms > Computer science > Computer architecture Tomasulo algorithm: allows sequential instructions that would normally be stalled due to certain dependencies to execute non-sequentially |
Colog Computational complexity Logarithmic_functions > Applications > Computational complexity Merge sort algorithms typically require a time approximately proportional to N · log(N). The base of the logarithm is not specified here, because the result only changes by a constant factor when another base is used. |
Nuclide Nuclides vs isotopes Isodiapher > Nuclides vs isotopes A nuclide is a species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical p... |
Taylor series Trigonometric functions Taylor_polynomial > List of Maclaurin series of some common functions > Trigonometric functions − ⋯ for all x tan x = ∑ n = 1 ∞ B 2 n ( − 4 ) n ( 1 − 4 n ) ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n − 1 = x + x 3 3 + 2 x 5 15 + ⋯ for | x | < π 2 sec x = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) n E 2 n ( 2 n ) ! x 2 n = 1 + x 2... |
Processing element I Processing_elements > I instruction cache I-cache A cache in a CPU or GPU servicing instruction fetch requests for program code (or shaders for a GPU), possibly implementing modified Harvard architecture if program machine code is stored in the same address space and physical memory as data. instru... |
Precordial examination Inspection Precordial_examination > Inspection General Inspection: Inspect the patient status whether he or she is comfortable at rest or obviously short of breath. Inspect the neck for increased jugular venous pressure (JVP) or abnormal waves. Any abnormal movements such as head bobbing. There a... |
Recursion Recursive humor Base_case_(recursion) > In language > Recursive humor Otherwise, find someone who is standing closer to Douglas Hofstadter than you are; then ask him or her what recursion is." Recursive acronyms are other examples of recursive humor. PHP, for example, stands for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor", ... |
Two-component system Function Two-component_regulatory_system > Function Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to a wide range of environments, stressors, and growth conditions. These pathways have been adapted to respond to a wide variety of stimuli, including nutrients... |
Programming Languages Software Award Programming Languages Software Award Programming_Languages_Software_Award > Awards > Programming Languages Software Award 2023: OCaml 2022: CompCert 2021: WebAssembly 2020: Pin (computer program) 2019: Scala (programming language) 2018: Racket (programming language) 2016: V8 (JavaSc... |
Attention schema theory Summary of the theory Attention_schema_theory > Summary of the theory The brain constructs rich internal models that lie beneath the level of higher cognition or of language. Cognition has partial access to those internal models, and we report the content of those models as though we are reporti... |
Effector caspase Apoptosis Effector_caspase > Some roles of caspases > Apoptosis This is done by the formation of a multiprotein Death Inducing Signalling Complex (DISC) that recruits and activates a pro-caspase. For example, the Fas Ligand binds the FasR receptor at the receptor's extracellular surface; this activates... |
Third derivative Mathematical definitions Third_derivative > Mathematical definitions {\displaystyle {\frac {d^{3}}{dx^{3}}}=24x.} Now for a more general definition. Let f be any function of x such that f ′′ is differentiable. |
Observational learning Comparisons with imitation Observational_learning > Effect on behavior > Comparisons with imitation Observational learning is presumed to have occurred when an organism copies an improbable action or action outcome that it has observed and the matching behavior cannot be explained by an alternati... |
Antenna types Large loops Antenna_types > Loop > Large loops It is shaped like the Greek letter Π or an upside-down capital letter U, and is the loop antenna analog of a ground-mounted monopole antenna. Like a vertical monopole, the missing lower half of the antenna is replaced by its ground-plane image. If shaped like... |
Adrenergic blocking agent Beta 3 blocker Adrenergic_blocking_agent > Overdose effects > Beta 3 blocker Due to the relatively limited study on beta-3 receptor, there is not much development of beta-3 blocker. Therefore, there is not much information regarding the toxic effect of beta-3 blocker. |
Advanced process control Summary Advanced_process_control In control theory, advanced process control (APC) refers to a broad range of techniques and technologies implemented within industrial process control systems. Advanced process controls are usually deployed optionally and in addition to basic process controls. B... |
Bloom syndrome protein Meiosis Bloom_syndrome_protein > Meiosis Recombination during meiosis is often initiated by a DNA double-strand break (DSB). During recombination, sections of DNA at the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' en... |
Pythagorean identity Summary Pythagorean_identity The Pythagorean trigonometric identity, also called simply the Pythagorean identity, is an identity expressing the Pythagorean theorem in terms of trigonometric functions. Along with the sum-of-angles formulae, it is one of the basic relations between the sine and cosin... |
Feedback Oscillator Feedback_circuit > Applications > Electronic engineering > Oscillator An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power supply to an alternating current s... |
Entropy and life Entropy in psychology Entropy_and_life > Entropy in psychology The result is action – some form of motion, for example locomotion, speech, internal motion of organs, secretion of hormones, etc. The reactions of one organism become an informational signal to other organisms. Information metabolism, whic... |
Operator-valued distribution Consequences of the axioms Wightman_function > Consequences of the axioms See parastatistics and also the ghosts in BRST. The impossibility of superluminal communication – if two observers are spacelike separated, then the actions of one observer (including both measurements and changes to ... |
Triiodothyronine Physiological function Triiodothyronine > Physiological function Thyroid hormones act to increase protein turnover. This might serve an adaptive function in regard to long-term calorie restriction with adequate protein. When calories are in short supply, reduction in protein turnover may ameliorate the... |
Scale cube Y axis Scale_cube > Y axis Y axis scaling starts to break away chunks of monolithic code bases and creates separate services, or sometimes microservices. This separation creates clearly defined lanes for not only responsibility and accountability, but also for fault isolation. If one service fails, it should... |
Portal vein Function Hepatic_portal_vein > Function The portal vein and hepatic arteries form the liver's dual blood supply. Approximately 75% of hepatic blood flow is derived from the portal vein, while the remainder is from the hepatic arteries.Unlike most veins, the portal vein does not drain into the heart. Rather,... |
Evolutionary argument against naturalism EAAN, intelligent design and theistic evolution Evolutionary_argument_against_naturalism > EAAN, intelligent design and theistic evolution In his essay Evolution and Design Plantinga outlines different ways in which theism and evolutionary theory can be combined.In the foreword ... |
Fair division experiments Fairness vs. efficiency - what outcome is better? Fair_division_experiments > Laboratory experiments > Fairness vs. efficiency - what outcome is better? Each subject knew both his own values and the partner's values. After the division, each subject could redeem the items for their monetary va... |
SAP Web Application Server Architecture SAP_Web_Application_Server > Architecture Currently, modules are available for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTPS (extension of HTTP running under the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), and Fast Common G... |
Probable prime Variations Probable_prime > Variations An Euler probable prime to base a is an integer that is indicated prime by the somewhat stronger theorem that for any prime p, a(p−1)/2 equals ( a p ) {\displaystyle ({\tfrac {a}{p}})} modulo p, where ( a p ) {\displaystyle ({\tfrac {a}{p}})} is the Jacobi symbol. A... |
DPLL algorithm The algorithm DPLL_algorithm > The algorithm The pseudocode DPLL function only returns whether the final assignment satisfies the formula or not. In a real implementation, the partial satisfying assignment typically is also returned on success; this can be derived by keeping track of branching literals a... |
Open source principles Other related movements Open_source_model > Society > Other related movements Synthetic Biology is a new technology that promises to enable cheap, lifesaving new drugs, as well as helping to yield biofuels that may help to solve our energy problem. Although synthetic biology has not yet come out ... |
Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm for cyclic directed graphs Dijkstra–Scholten_algorithm > Dijkstra–Scholten algorithm for cyclic directed graphs A variable First_Edge is added to each node. When a node receives a message for the first time, it initializes First_Edge with the edge through which it... |
Werner Urland Modelling breakthroughs Werner_Urland > Activity > Modelling breakthroughs The Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the pentakis nitrato ytterbate(III), 2− was recorded and modelled, the ligand field treatment being based also on advanced neutron spectroscopy measurements. A peculiar manifesta... |
Fundamental class With boundary Fundamental_class > Definition > With boundary If M is a compact orientable manifold with boundary, then the top relative homology group is again infinite cyclic H n ( M , ∂ M ) ≅ Z {\displaystyle H_{n}(M,\partial M)\cong \mathbf {Z} } , and so the notion of the fundamental class can be ... |
Visual Control Types Visual_Control > Types There are two groups and seven types of application in visual controls. Displays group and controls group. A visual display group relates information and data to employees in the area. For example, charts showing the monthly revenues of the company or a graphic depicting a ce... |
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