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View model Modeling perspectives View_model > View model topics > Modeling perspectives Modeling perspectives is a set of different ways to represent pre-selected aspects of a system. Each perspective has a different focus, conceptualization, dedication and visualization of what the model is representing. In informatio... |
Ronald W. Davis Open Medicine Foundation Ronald_W._Davis > Open Medicine Foundation it was used to test cells of ME/CFS patients, and in their first hypothesis, found it to be useful in distinguishing patients from healthy people. People with this disease are described as not using energy well and taking a long time to... |
Relativistic Doppler effect Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect Relativistic_Doppler_effect > Derivation > Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect (This terminology is particularly prevalent in the subject of astrophysics: see relativistic beaming.) The corresponding wavelengths are related by Eq. 2: λ r λ s = f ... |
Gradient discretization method Nonconforming finite element Gradient_discretisation_method > Review of some numerical methods which are GDM > Nonconforming finite element On a mesh T {\displaystyle T} which is a conforming set of simplices of R d {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}} , the nonconforming P 1 {\displaystyle P... |
Network neuroscience ALS Network_neuroscience > Neurological disorders > ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to respiratory issues and death in 3–5 years. Multiple networks can be impacted in ALS showing that it is a multisystem network disord... |
Perepiteia Theory Perepiteia > Theory According to Heins, the Perepiteia produces magnetic friction which somehow gets turned into a magnetic boost. Using an electric motor, the drive shaft is attached to a steel rotor with small round magnets lining its outer edges. In this set-up of a simple generator, the rotor spin... |
Breakthrough infection Longevity of memory B cells Breakthrough_infection > Characteristics > Antibody interference > Longevity of memory B cells When an individual is vaccinated against a disease, the individual's immune system is triggered and memory B cells store the specific antibody response. These cells remain in... |
Neural control of limb stiffness Possible neural control models Neural_control_of_limb_stiffness > Neural control > Possible neural control models Researchers have begun implementing controllers in into robots to control for stiffness. One such model adjusts for stiffness during robotic locomotion by virtually cocontra... |
Parallel distributed processing Connectionism vs. computationalism debate Connectionism > Connectionism vs. computationalism debate Some researchers suggest that the analysis gap is the consequence of connectionist mechanisms giving rise to emergent phenomena that may be describable in computational terms.In the 2000s,... |
History of cell membrane theory Obsolete theories History_of_cell_membrane_theory > Obsolete theories Such criticisms stimulated continued studies on protoplasm as the principal agent determining cell permeability properties. In 1938, Fischer and Suer proposed that water in the protoplasm is not free but in a chemicall... |
Cyclophilin A Function Cyclophilin_A > Function PPIA has also been associated with the mitochondria.Moreover, the enzyme participates in inflammatory and apoptotic processes in extracellular settings. In the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), monocytes/macrophages, and endo... |
Thermal profile Summary Thermal_profiling The center of the process window is defined as zero, and the extreme edges of the process window are ±99%. A Process Window Index (PWI) greater than or equal to 100% indicates the profile is outside of the process limitations. A PWI of 99% indicates that the profile is within p... |
Table of mathematical symbols Set theory Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols > Set theory However two slightly different definitions are common. 1. A ⊂ B {\displaystyle A\subset B} may mean that A is a subset of B, and is possibly equal to B; that is, every element of A belongs to B; in formula, ∀ x , x ∈ A ⇒ x ∈ B {\disp... |
Occupancy sensor Occupancy sensors for lighting control Occupancy_sensor > Occupancy sensors for lighting control In lighting practice occupancy sensors are sometime also called "presence sensors" or "vacancy sensors". Some occupancy sensors (e.g. LSG's Pixelview, Philips Lumimotion, Ecoamicatechs Sirius etc.) also cla... |
Photocurrent Photovoltaics Photocurrent > Photovoltaics The generation of a photocurrent forms the basis of the photovoltaic cell. |
Distributed applications Summary Distributed_computation A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs. There are many different types of implementations for the message passing mechanism, including pure HTTP... |
Statistical inference Bayesian inference, subjectivity and decision theory Sampling_statistics > Paradigms for inference > Bayesian inference > Bayesian inference, subjectivity and decision theory Many informal Bayesian inferences are based on "intuitively reasonable" summaries of the posterior. For example, the poster... |
Zoned constant linear velocity Summary Zoned_constant_linear_velocity In optical storage, constant linear velocity (CLV) is a qualifier for the rated speed of an optical disc drive, and may also be applied to the writing speed of recordable discs. CLV implies that the angular velocity (i.e. rpm) varies during an operat... |
Insoluble fiber Colon Insoluble_fiber > Activity in the gut > Colon This means that fecal short-chain fatty acid estimations do not reflect cecal and colonic fermentation, only the efficiency of absorption, the ability of the fiber residue to sequestrate short-chain fatty acids, and the continued fermentation of fiber ... |
Glomerular basement membrane Summary Glomerular_basement_membrane The glomerular basement membrane of the kidney is the basal lamina layer of the glomerulus. The glomerular endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerul... |
Mathematical and theoretical biology Summary Theoretical_biologist It can be useful in both theoretical and practical research. Describing systems in a quantitative manner means their behavior can be better simulated, and hence properties can be predicted that might not be evident to the experimenter. This requires pre... |
Air foil Overview Air_foil > Overview Analyzing the Navier–Stokes equations in the linear regime shows that a negative pressure gradient along the flow has the same effect as reducing the speed. So with the maximum camber in the middle, maintaining a laminar flow over a larger percentage of the wing at a higher cruisin... |
Logistic distribution Applications Logistic_distribution > Applications The logistic distribution—and the S-shaped pattern of its cumulative distribution function (the logistic function) and quantile function (the logit function)—have been extensively used in many different areas. |
Contact electrification Other examples Volta_effect > Examples > Other examples While the simple case of stroking a cat is familiar to many, there are other areas in modern technological civilization where triboelectricity is exploited or is a concern: Air moving past an aircraft can lead to a buildup of charge; aircra... |
List of compilers Summary List_of_compilers This page is intended to list all current compilers, compiler generators, interpreters, translators, tool foundations, assemblers, automatable command line interfaces (shells), etc. |
Dot plot (bioinformatics) Interpretation Dot_plot_(bioinformatics) > Interpretation One way of reducing this noise is to only shade runs or 'tuples' of residues, e.g. a tuple of 3 corresponds to three residues in a row. This is effective because the probability of matching three residues in a row by chance is much lowe... |
Alonzo Church Mathematical work Alonzo_Church > Mathematical work Upon hearing of Church's work, Turing enrolled at Princeton later that year under Church for a Ph.D. Church and Turing then showed that the lambda calculus and the Turing machine used in Turing's halting problem were equivalent in capabilities, and subse... |
Industrial designer Co-Design Industrial_design_engineering > Design process > Co-Design Recently, industrial designers are finding new methods to approach the design process. Industrial designers tend to work within small teams. This method is called participatory design or co-design. |
Lac operon Regulation Lac_operon > Regulation If lactose is missing from the growth medium, the repressor binds very tightly to a short DNA sequence just downstream of the promoter near the beginning of lacZ called the lac operator. The repressor binding to the operator interferes with binding of RNAP to the promoter, ... |
F distribution Summary F_distribution In probability theory and statistics, the F-distribution or F-ratio, also known as Snedecor's F distribution or the Fisher–Snedecor distribution (after Ronald Fisher and George W. Snedecor), is a continuous probability distribution that arises frequently as the null distribution of... |
Insulin Summary Insulin Their neighboring alpha cells, by taking their cues from the beta cells, secrete glucagon into the blood in the opposite manner: increased secretion when blood glucose is low, and decreased secretion when glucose concentrations are high. Glucagon increases blood glucose level by stimulating glyc... |
IQ testing Summary Intelligence_test An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient, his term for a scoring method for in... |
Base class Non-subclassable classes Derived_class > Subclasses and superclasses > Non-subclassable classes In some languages a class may be declared as non-subclassable by adding certain class modifiers to the class declaration. Examples include the final keyword in Java and C++11 onwards or the sealed keyword in C#. S... |
Atomic operation Definition of linearizability Atomic_primitive > Definition of linearizability Suppose, for example, that two threads, A and B, both attempt to grab a lock, backing off if it's already taken. This would be modeled as both threads invoking the lock operation, then both threads receiving a response, one ... |
Heater core Engine cooling function Heater_core > Engine cooling function Because the heater core cools the heated coolant from the engine by transferring its heat to the cabin air, it can also act as an auxiliary radiator for the engine. If the radiator is working improperly, the operator may turn the heat on (togethe... |
Shock (circulatory) Compensatory Shock_(circulatory) > Pathophysiology > Compensatory The baroreceptors in the arteries detect the hypotension resulting from large amounts of blood being redirected to distant tissues, and cause the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Norepinephrine causes predominately vasoconst... |
Adrenocortical hormone Stress and immunity Adrenocortical_hormone > Stress and immunity Recent studies have discovered a pathway that links stress to the onset of disease through the activation of certain genes. The experience of psychological stress activates transcription factors that activate genes. In a study by Co... |
Physics education research Major areas Physics_education_research > Major areas Theories on cognition in physics learning were put forward by Redish, Hammer, Elby and Scherr, who built off of diSessa's "Knowledge in Pieces". The Resources Framework, developed from this work, builds off of research in neuroscience, soci... |
History of entropy 1865 definition History_of_entropy > 1865 definition In 1865, Clausius gave irreversible heat loss, or what he had previously been calling "equivalence-value", a name: I propose that S be taken from the Greek words, `en-tropie' . I have deliberately chosen the word entropy to be as similar as possibl... |
Quantitative structure-property relationship Graph based Quantitative_structure-property_relationship > Types > Graph based Similarly to string-based methods, the molecular graph can directly be used as input for QSAR models, but usually yield inferior performance compared to descriptor-based QSAR models. |
Multiplexing Other meanings Multiplex_communication > Other meanings In spectroscopy the term is used to indicate that the experiment is performed with a mixture of frequencies at once and their respective response unravelled afterwards using the Fourier transform principle. In computer programming, it may refer to usi... |
Catalytically perfect enzyme Mechanism Catalytically_perfect_enzyme > Mechanism Kinetically perfect enzymes have a specificity constant, kcat/Km, on the order of 108 to 109 M−1 s−1. The rate of the enzyme-catalysed reaction is limited by diffusion and so the enzyme 'processes' the substrate well before it encounters an... |
Internet technologies Transport layer IP_network > Transport layer QUIC is rapidly emerging as an alternative transport protocol. Whilst it is technically carried via UDP packets it seeks to offer enhanced transport connectivity relative to TCP. HTTP/3 works exclusively via QUIC. |
Flame speed In engines Flame_speed > In engines In an internal combustion engine, the flame speed of a fuel is a property which determines its ability to undergo controlled combustion without detonation. Flame speed is used along with adiabatic flame temperature to help determine the engine's efficiency. According to o... |
Timeline of transportation technology Autonomous vehicles Timeline_of_transportation_technology > 21st century > 2020s > Autonomous vehicles 2021 – The pilot project of the "world's first automated, driverless train" is launched in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The conventional, standard-track, non-metro train technolo... |
Prion disease Degradation resistance in nature Prion_diseases > Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies > Degradation resistance in nature Overwhelming evidence shows that prions resist degradation and persist in the environment for years, and proteases do not degrade them. Experimental evidence shows that unbound pr... |
Sensor node Sensors Sensor_node > Components > Sensors Active sensors actively probe the environment, for example, a sonar or radar sensor, and they require continuous energy from a power source. Narrow-beam sensors have a well-defined notion of direction of measurement, similar to a camera. Omnidirectional sensors hav... |
Replication bubble Replication fork DNA_Replication > Replication process > Replication fork The replication fork is a structure that forms within the long helical DNA during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together in the helix. The resulting stru... |
Information gain in decision trees Drawbacks and Solutions Information_gain_in_decision_trees > Drawbacks and Solutions This issue can also occur if the samples that are being tested have multiple attributes with many distinct values. In this case, it can cause the information gain of each of these attributes to be muc... |
Glossary of computer science V Glossary_of_computer_science > V variable In computer programming, a variable, or scalar, is a storage location (identified by a memory address) paired with an associated symbolic name (an identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity of information referred to as a value. Th... |
Digital transcriptome subtraction Validation of pathogen Digital_transcriptome_subtraction > Method > Analysis of "non-host" candidates > Validation of pathogen Once a putative pathogen has been identified in the high-throughput sequencing data, it is imperative to validate the presence of pathogen in infected patients... |
Learning In animal evolution Learning > In animal evolution Animals gain knowledge in two ways. First is learning—in which an animal gathers information about its environment and uses this information. For example, if an animal eats something that hurts its stomach, it learns not to eat that again. The second is innate... |
SQL query Examples SQL_query > Examples With the same table, the query SELECT * FROM T WHERE C1 = 1 will result in all the elements of all the rows where the value of column C1 is '1' being shown – in relational algebra terms, a selection will be performed, because of the WHERE clause. This is also known as a Horizonta... |
Virulence factors Endotoxins Virulence_factors > Toxins > Endotoxins They bind to receptors on monocytes causing the release of inflammatory mediators which induce degranulation. As part of this immune response cytokines are released; these can cause the fever and other symptoms seen during disease. If a high amount of... |
Mitogen-activated protein kinases As therapeutic targets MAP_kinase_cascade > As therapeutic targets Many of these compounds were found to be hepatotoxic to various degree and tolerance to the anti-inflammatory effect developed within weeks. An alternative approach is to evaluate the potential for targeting upstream MA... |
Language pedagogy Approach, method and technique Language_pedagogy > Approach, method and technique He saw techniques as being consistent with a given method and by extension, with a given approach.A method is a plan for presenting the language material to be learned and should be based upon a selected approach. In ord... |
Polymer Chemistry Polymers and their properties Polymer_Chemistry > Polymers and their properties Illustrative of the quantitative aspects of polymer chemistry, particular attention is paid to the number-average and weight-average molecular weights M n {\displaystyle M_{n}} and M w {\displaystyle M_{w}} , respectively.... |
Rare gas Compounds Rare_gas > Chemical properties > Compounds In 1993, it was discovered that when C60, a spherical molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms, is exposed to noble gases at high pressure, complexes such as He@C60 can be formed (the @ notation indicates He is contained inside C60 but not covalently bound to ... |
Cystic fibrosis Causes Cystic_fibrosis > Causes CF is caused by a mutation in the gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most common mutation, ΔF508, is a deletion (Δ signifying deletion) of three nucleotides that results in a loss of the amino acid phenylalanine (F) at the 508th position ... |
Mathematical diagram Argand diagram Mathematical_diagram > Specific types of mathematical diagrams > Argand diagram A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram The complex plane is sometimes called the Argand plane because it is used in Argand... |
Weight machine Stack machines Weight_machine > Stack machines On some, the number gives the force at the user's actuation point with the machine. And on some machines the number is simply an index counting the number of plates being lifted. |
Outline of cell biology Cellular metabolism Outline_of_cell_biology > Biological activity of cells > Cellular metabolism Light-dependent reactions – A series of biochemical reactions driven by light that take place across thylakoid membrane to provide for the Calvin cycle reactions. Calvin cycle – A series of anabolic ... |
Object–relational impedance mismatch Philosophical differences Object–relational_impedance_mismatch > Philosophical differences Structure vs. behaviour – OO focuses on structure (maintainability, extensibility, reusable, safe). Relational focuses on behavior (efficiency, adaptability, fault-tolerance, liveness, logical... |
Physical map (genetics) Physical mapping Gene_mapping > Mapping approaches > Physical mapping There are alternative ways to determine how DNA in a group of clones overlaps without completely sequencing the clones. Once the map is determined, the clones can be used as a resource to efficiently contain large stretches of... |
Key pairs Algorithms Public_Key_Encryption > Weaknesses > Algorithms All public key schemes are in theory susceptible to a "brute-force key search attack". However, such an attack is impractical if the amount of computation needed to succeed – termed the "work factor" by Claude Shannon – is out of reach of all potentia... |
Optimal solutions for Rubik's Cube Korf's algorithm Optimal_solutions_for_Rubik's_Cube > Upper bounds > Korf's algorithm Korf describes this method as follows IDA* is a depth-first search that looks for increasingly longer solutions in a series of iterations, using a lower-bound heuristic to prune branches once a lower... |
Computer Program Generations of programming language Software_code > Programming paradigms and languages > Generations of programming language The assembler will later translate mnemonics into instruction numbers. Operands tell the assembler which data the operation will process. Comments allow the programmer to articu... |
Projection filters Summary Projection_filters Projection filters are a set of algorithms based on stochastic analysis and information geometry, or the differential geometric approach to statistics, used to find approximate solutions for filtering problems for nonlinear state-space systems. The filtering problem consist... |
Air-conditioning systems Heating energy Indoor_climate_control > Energy efficiency > Heating energy In water heating systems the thermostats control zone valves, and in forced air systems they control zone dampers inside the vents which selectively block the flow of air. In this case, the control system is very critica... |
Smart City Data collection Smart_Cities > Data collection The network layer utilizes a city's communication infrastructure to send data meaning it can be intercepted by attackers and must be held responsible for keeping collected data and information private. The application layer is responsible for processing the data... |
Cryptographic hashing Properties Cryptographic_hash > Properties In practice, collision resistance is insufficient for many practical uses. In addition to collision resistance, it should be impossible for an adversary to find two messages with substantially similar digests; or to infer any useful information about the ... |
Resilient distributed dataset Overview Resilient_distributed_dataset > Overview Spark's RDDs function as a working set for distributed programs that offers a (deliberately) restricted form of distributed shared memory.Inside Apache Spark the workflow is managed as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Nodes represent RDDs wh... |
Numerical linear algebra Solutions of linear systems Numerical_linear_algebra > Algorithms > Solutions of linear systems Numerical linear algebra characteristically approaches matrices as a concatenation of columns vectors. In order to solve the linear system x = A − 1 b {\displaystyle x=A^{-1}b} , the traditional alge... |
Vibration damping Damped harmonic oscillator Vibration_damping > Damped harmonic oscillator The balance of forces (Newton's second law) for damped harmonic oscillators is then which can be rewritten into the form where ω 0 = k m {\textstyle \omega _{0}={\sqrt {\frac {k}{m}}}} is called the "undamped angular frequency o... |
Superconducting quantum computing Challenges Superconductive_quantum_computing > Challenges This computer will be all encompassing with hardware, software and applications fully integrated. This is a first in the world of quantum computing and will lead to ground-breaking advancements.IBM released the following roadmap... |
Electrical generation Nuclear Electrical_generation > Technologies > Nuclear Nuclear power plants create electricity through steam turbines where the heat input is from the process of nuclear fission. Currently, nuclear power produces 11% of all electricity in the world. Most nuclear reactors use uranium as a source of... |
Cellular metabolism Investigation and manipulation Metabolic_reaction > Investigation and manipulation Using these techniques, a model of human metabolism has now been produced, which will guide future drug discovery and biochemical research. These models are now used in network analysis, to classify human diseases int... |
RNase T Summary RNase_T Ribonuclease T (RNase T, exonuclease T, exo T) is a ribonuclease enzyme involved in the maturation of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in bacteria, as well as in DNA repair pathways. It is a member of the DnaQ family of exonucleases and non-processively acts on the 3' end of single-stranded nuclei... |
DNA Damage Deoxyribonucleic_acids > Chemical modifications and altered DNA packaging > Damage Although most of these damages are repaired, in any cell some DNA damage may remain despite the action of repair processes. These remaining DNA damages accumulate with age in mammalian postmitotic tissues. This accumulation ap... |
Glossary of phytopathology S Glossary_of_phytopathology > S sterilized) stippling strain streak striate (n. striations) stroma (pl. stromata) stunting stylet knob (syn. basal knob) stylet-borne transmission (syn. |
Selective pressure Summary Evolutionary_pressure Any cause that reduces or increases reproductive success in a portion of a population potentially exerts evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure, driving natural selection. It is a quantitative description of the amount of change occurring in proc... |
Equations for a falling body Example Equations_for_a_falling_body > Example In this case, the terminal velocity increases to about 320 km/h (200 mph or 90 m/s), which is almost the terminal velocity of the peregrine falcon diving down on its prey. The same terminal velocity is reached for a typical .30-06 bullet droppi... |
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 Structure Serine/arginine-rich_splicing_factor_1 > Structure ASF/SF2 is an SR protein, and as such, contains two functional modules: an arginine-serine rich region (RS domain), where the bulk of ASF/SF2 regulation takes place, and two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), through which A... |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease > Pathophysiology > Insulin resistance Despite the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, they are not directly toxic to liver tissue. Instead, alteration of the profile of the other lipid subtypes present in the liver, such as d... |
Double-layer capacitance Literature Double-layer_capacitance > Literature (2003-12-01). "Composite supercapacitor electrodes". Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. |
Standardized variable Calculation Z-score_(statistics) > Calculation If the population mean and population standard deviation are known, a raw score x is converted into a standard score by z = x − μ σ {\displaystyle z={x-\mu \over \sigma }} where: μ is the mean of the population, σ is the standard deviation of the popu... |
Transition metal thiosulfate complex Summary Transition_metal_thiosulfate_complex A transition metal thiosulfate complex is a coordination complex containing one or more thiosulfate ligands. Thiosulfate occurs in nature and is used industrially, so its interactions with metal ions are of some practical interest. Three ... |
Direct carving kinetic sculpture Direct_carving > K > kinetic sculpture Kinetic sculpture is sculpture which is designed to move. The movement can be driven by interaction with the viewer, or automatically using motors or air currents, as in the case of a mobile. |
Availability bias Perceived risk Availability_bias > Applications > Perceived risk Previous studies have indicated that explaining a hypothetical event makes the event seem more likely through the creation of causal connections. However, such effects could arise through the use of the availability heuristic; that is, s... |
Rat bite fever Treatment Rat_bite_fever > Treatment Treatment with antibiotics is the same for both types of infection. The condition responds to penicillin, and where allergies to it occur, erythromycin or tetracyclines are used. |
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering T Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering > T Tellegen's theoremA theorem relating to branch currents in an electrical network. teslaThe SI unit of magnetic flux density. |
Primidone Overdose Primidone > Adverse effects > Overdose The most common symptoms of primidone overdose are coma with loss of deep tendon reflexes, and during the recovery period, if the patient survives, disorientation, dysarthria, nystagmus, and ataxia, lethargy, somnolence, vomiting, nausea, and occasionally, focal... |
Automotive thermoelectric generator History Automotive_thermoelectric_generator > History Although the Seebeck effect was discovered in 1821, the use of thermoelectric power generators was restricted mainly to military and space applications until the second half of the twentieth century. This restriction was caused by... |
Cold pressing Elastic and plastic deformation Work_hardening > Theory > Elastic and plastic deformation For example, if one stretches a coil spring up to a certain point, it will return to its original shape, but once it is stretched beyond the elastic limit, it will remain deformed and won't return to its original sta... |
Floating craps Craps table Floating_craps > Bank craps > Craps table Players use casino chips rather than cash to bet on the Craps "layout," a fabric surface which displays the various bets. The bets vary somewhat among casinos in availability, locations, and payouts. The tables roughly resemble bathtubs and come in va... |
Waveguide filter Waveguides Dielectric_resonator_filter > Basic concepts > Waveguides These kinds of designs are called distributed element filters. Filters made from discrete components are sometimes called lumped element filters to distinguish them. At still higher frequencies, the microwave bands, the design switche... |
Human-based computation game Train Robots Human-based_computation_game > Examples > Train Robots Train Robots is an annotation game similar to Phrase Detectives. Players are shown pairs of before/after images of a robot arm and blocks on a board, and asked to enter commands to instruct the robot to move from the first ... |
Chemical graph generator Chemical graphs Chemical_graph_generator > Mathematical basis > Chemical graphs In a graph representing a chemical structure, the vertices and edges represent atoms and bonds, respectively. The bond order corresponds to the edge multiplicity, and as a result, chemical graphs are vertex and edge... |
Principal components PCA and information theory Characteristic_vector_analysis > Properties and limitations of PCA > PCA and information theory Dimensionality reduction results in a loss of information, in general. PCA-based dimensionality reduction tends to minimize that information loss, under certain signal and nois... |
Read-copy-update Detailed description Read-copy-update > Detailed description This procedure demonstrates how new data may be inserted into a linked data structure even though readers are concurrently traversing the data structure before, during, and after the insertion. The second diagram on the right depicts a four-s... |
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