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Lorentz interval Gravitation Spacetime_geometry > Spacetime in special relativity > Gravitation This introductory section has focused on the spacetime of special relativity, since it is the easiest to describe. Minkowski spacetime is flat, takes no account of gravity, is uniform throughout, and serves as nothing more t... |
Microsoft SQL Server Data retrieval and programmability Microsoft_SQL_Server > Data retrieval and programmability The sequence of actions necessary to execute a query is called a query plan. There might be multiple ways to process the same query. For example, for a query that contains a join statement and a select stat... |
Transformative learning The role of the learner Transformative_learning > In practice > The role of the learner Through communicative learning, learners must work towards critically reflecting on assumptions that underlie intentions, values, beliefs, and feelings. Learners are involved in objective re-framing of their ... |
Sigma-finite measure Lebesgue measure Sigma_finite_measure > Examples > Lebesgue measure For example, Lebesgue measure on the real numbers is not finite, but it is σ-finite. Indeed, consider the intervals [k, k + 1) for all integers k; there are countably many such intervals, each has measure 1, and their union is the ... |
OpenID Technical overview Open_ID > Technical overview OpenID is built on top of several existing standards, including HTTP, HTML, and XML. OpenID relies on a number of technologies, including a discovery mechanism that allows websites to find the IDP associated with a particular OpenID, as well as security mechanisms ... |
Pulmonary eosinophilia Cholesterol embolism Pulmonary_eosinophilia > Classification > Secondary hypereosinophilia > Cholesterol embolism Transient, fluctuating hypereosinophilia occurs in 60%-80% of individuals with cholesterol embolisms. In this disorder, cholesterol crystals located in an atherosclerotic plaque of a ... |
Named set theory Applications Named_set_theory > Applications All mathematical constructions are named sets or systems of named sets. For example, mathematical structures as diverse as graphs, manifolds, vector spaces, natural and real numbers are identified by formally defined terms that satisfy various (axiomatic) pr... |
Memory ordering In symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) microprocessor systems Memory_ordering > Runtime memory ordering > In symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) microprocessor systems There are several memory-consistency models for SMP systems: Sequential consistency (all reads and all writes are in-order) Relaxed consistency ... |
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens Constructing a Library Genome-wide_CRISPR-Cas9_knockout_screens > Methods > sgRNA libraries > Constructing a Library Secondly, all the possible PAM sites are identified and selected for. On- and off-target activity should be analysed, as should GC content, and homopolymer stretc... |
Valency interaction formula Summary Valency_interaction_formula Chemical deductions are made from a VIF picture with the application of two pictorial rules. These are linear transformations applied to the VIF structural formula as a quantum operator. Transformation by the two rules preserves invariants crucial to the c... |
Distributed workforce Grounding and technology Distributed_workforce > Description > Communication technology > Grounding and technology Therefore, the nature of communication technology can either promote or inhibit grounding between participants. The absence of grounding information results in reduced ability to read... |
Non-coding RNA History and discovery Noncoding_RNA > History and discovery The 80 nucleotide tRNA was sequenced by first being digested with Pancreatic ribonuclease (producing fragments ending in Cytosine or Uridine) and then with takadiastase ribonuclease Tl (producing fragments which finished with Guanosine). Chromat... |
Wind-turbine aerodynamics Axial momentum and the Lanchester–Betz–Joukowsky limit Wind-turbine_aerodynamics > Axial momentum and the Lanchester–Betz–Joukowsky limit If pressure is constant then only kinetic energy is extracted. However up close near the rotor itself the air velocity is constant as it passes through the ... |
Chemotherapy Other uses Chemotherapy > Other uses Recently, bortezomid in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone has also shown promise as a treatment for AL amyloidosis. Other drugs used to treat myeloma such as lenalidomide have shown promise in treating AL amyloidosis.Chemotherapy drugs are also used in... |
Interpolation sort Algorithm Interpolation_sort > Algorithm Contains a two-dimensional array of dynamically allocated memories and an array of record lengths. However the execution complexity can still be maintained as an efficient sorting method of O ( n + k ) {\displaystyle O(n+k)} .Array of dynamically allocated mem... |
Perception Feature integration theory Perception > Theories > Feature integration theory Anne Treisman's feature integration theory (FIT) attempts to explain how characteristics of a stimulus such as physical location in space, motion, color, and shape are merged to form one percept despite each of these characteristic... |
Molière radius Molière radii for typical materials used in calorimetry Molière_radius > Molière radii for typical materials used in calorimetry LYSO crystals: 2.07 cm Lead tungstate crystals: 2.2 cm Caesium iodide: 3.5 cm Liquid krypton: 4.7 cm Liquid argon: 9.04 cm Earth's atmosphere at sea level: 79 m Earth's atmosph... |
Atomic reactor By use Nuclear_reactors > Reactor types > Classifications > By use Production of materials for nuclear weapons such as weapons-grade plutonium Providing a source of neutron radiation (for example with the pulsed Godiva device) and positron radiation (e.g. neutron activation analysis and potassium-argon d... |
Molecular mechanics Literature Molecular_mechanics > Literature doi:10.1002/jcc.20082. PMID 15264253. S2CID 9162620. |
Exponential integrator Background Exponential_integrator > Background Dating back to at least the 1960s, these methods were recognized by Certaine and Pope. As of late exponential integrators have become an active area of research, see Hochbruck and Ostermann (2010). Originally developed for solving stiff differential ... |
Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions General quadratic equation Solving_quadratic_equations_with_continued_fractions > General quadratic equation Continued fractions are most conveniently applied to solve the general quadratic equation expressed in the form of a monic polynomial x 2 + b x + c = 0 {\disp... |
Osmoregulation In plants Osmoregulation > In plants Halophytes are plants living in soils with high salt concentrations, such as salt marshes or alkaline soils in desert basins. They have to absorb water from such a soil which has higher salt concentration and therefore lower water potential(higher osmotic pressure). H... |
Poncelet–Steiner theorem Resolution of failed construction Poncelet–Steiner_theorem > Constructive proof > Some preliminary constructions > Constructing the radical axis between circles > Resolution of failed construction In the event that the construction of the radical axis fails due to there not being an intersectio... |
Eyewitness identification Other circumstantial factors Eyewitness_identification > Causes of eyewitness error > "Estimator variables" (circumstantial factors) > Other circumstantial factors A variety of other factors affect the reliability of eyewitness identification. The elderly and young children tend to recall face... |
Venous return curve Physiology Venous_return > Physiology Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart. Under steady-state conditions, venous return must equal cardiac output (Q), when averaged over time because the cardiovascular system is essentially a closed loop. Otherwise, blood would accumulate in ei... |
Secular equilibrium Summary Secular_equilibrium In nuclear physics, secular equilibrium is a situation in which the quantity of a radioactive isotope remains constant because its production rate (e.g., due to decay of a parent isotope) is equal to its decay rate. |
Constructive set theory Strong Collection Intuitionistic_set_theory > Subtheories of ZF > Strong Collection The antecedent states that one considers relation ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } between sets x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} that are total over a certain domain set a {\displaystyle a} , that is, ϕ {\displ... |
Vision transformer Vision Transformers Vision_transformer > Vision Transformers Transformers found their initial applications in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, as demonstrated by language models such as BERT and GPT-3. By contrast the typical image processing system uses a convolutional neural network (CNN). ... |
Glossary of economics B Glossary_of_economics > B This means that once the transfer agents at the bank medallion stamp the bond, it is highly liquid on the secondary market. Bondareva–Shapley theorem Describes a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of the core of a cooperative game in characteristic... |
Central pontine myelinolysis Prognosis Central_pontine_myelinolysis > Prognosis Though traditionally the prognosis is considered poor, a good functional recovery is possible. All patients at risk of developing refeeding syndrome should have their electrolytes closely monitored, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, g... |
Benchmark program Purpose Benchmark_(computing) > Purpose For example, if a benchmark extracts the key algorithms of an application, it will contain the performance-sensitive aspects of that application. Running this much smaller snippet on a cycle-accurate simulator can give clues on how to improve performance. Prior ... |
Turing Machine simulator Other Turing_Machines > References > Other Robin Gandy, "The Confluence of Ideas in 1936", pp. 51–102 in Rolf Herken, see below. Stephen Hawking (editor), 2005, God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs that Changed History, Running Press, Philadelphia, ISBN 978-0-7624-1922-7. |
HIV Genetic variability HIV > Virology > Genetic variability SIVcpz appears to have been transmitted relatively recently to chimpanzee and human populations, so their hosts have not yet adapted to the virus. This virus has also lost a function of the nef gene that is present in most SIVs. For non-pathogenic SIV variant... |
Right of ownership Liability for the group or for others in the group Right_of_ownership > Types of owners > Structured ownership entities > Liability for the group or for others in the group Many other properties are protected, when owned by other distinct entities. In the loosest sense of group ownership, a lack of l... |
Tideline Summary Tideline A tideline refers to where two currents in the ocean converge. Driftwood, floating seaweed, foam, and other floating debris may accumulate, forming sinuous lines called tidelines (although they generally have nothing to do with the tide). There are four mechanisms that can cause tidelines to f... |
Central force Properties Central_force > Properties Central forces that are conservative can always be expressed as the negative gradient of a potential energy: (the upper bound of integration is arbitrary, as the potential is defined up to an additive constant). In a conservative field, the total mechanical energy (ki... |
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Summary Primary_Biliary_Cirrhosis Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the live... |
Biased random walk on a graph Summary Biased_random_walk_on_a_graph In network science, a biased random walk on a graph is a time path process in which an evolving variable jumps from its current state to one of various potential new states; unlike in a pure random walk, the probabilities of the potential new states ar... |
Thermometric titration Catalyzed endpoint thermometric acid–base titrations Thermometric_titration > Acid–base titrations > Catalyzed endpoint thermometric acid–base titrations The methodology is similar in both instances. The sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent mixture; say a hydrocarbon and an alcohol which als... |
Bayes's Theorem Bayesian interpretation Bayes'_Rule > Interpretations > Bayesian interpretation In the Bayesian (or epistemological) interpretation, probability measures a "degree of belief". Bayes' theorem links the degree of belief in a proposition before and after accounting for evidence. For example, suppose it is ... |
Protein aggregates Summary Protein_aggregation In molecular biology, protein aggregation is a phenomenon in which intrinsically-disordered or mis-folded proteins aggregate (i.e., accumulate and clump together) either intra- or extracellularly. Protein aggregates have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases known ... |
History of CAD software 1990s History_of_CAD_software > 1990s Also important to the development of CAD was the development in the late 1980s and early 1990s of B-rep solid modeling kernels (engines for manipulating geometrically and topologically consistent 3D objects), Parasolid (ShapeData), and ACIS (Spatial Technolo... |
Nerve damage Neurapraxia Nerve_damage > Types > Neurapraxia Neurapraxia is the least severe form of nerve injury, with complete recovery. In this case, the axon remains intact, but there is myelin damage causing an interruption in conduction of the impulse down the nerve fiber. Most commonly, this involves compression ... |
Best fit line General linear models Multi-linear_regression > Extensions > General linear models The general linear model considers the situation when the response variable is not a scalar (for each observation) but a vector, yi. Conditional linearity of E ( y ∣ x i ) = x i T B {\displaystyle E(\mathbf {y} \mid \mathbf... |
Just in time compiler History Just-in-time_compilation > History An influential technique for deriving compiled code from interpretation was pioneered by James G. Mitchell in 1970, which he implemented for the experimental language LC².Smalltalk (c. 1983) pioneered new aspects of JIT compilations. |
Protein-fragment complementation assay Split protein assays Protein-fragment_complementation_assay > Split protein assays Any protein that can be split into two parts and reconstituted non-covalently to form a functional protein may be used in a PCA. The two fragments however have low affinity for each other and must b... |
Biofluid dynamics Elements of Blood and Blood Rheology Biofluid_dynamics > Elements of Blood and Blood Rheology However, often the non-Newtonian effect is very small due to various reasons. Thus, it is important to know about the blood rheology. One of the characteristics of blood that affects the work required to caus... |
Delta distribution Representations of the delta function Dirac's_delta_measure > Representations of the delta function The delta function can be viewed as the limit of a sequence of functions where ηε(x) is sometimes called a nascent delta function. This limit is meant in a weak sense: either that for all continuous fu... |
Rational language Location in the Chomsky hierarchy Rational_language > Location in the Chomsky hierarchy To locate the regular languages in the Chomsky hierarchy, one notices that every regular language is context-free. The converse is not true: for example, the language consisting of all strings having the same numbe... |
Rolle's Theorem Generalization Rolle's_Theorem > Generalization The second example illustrates the following generalization of Rolle's theorem: Consider a real-valued, continuous function f on a closed interval with f (a) = f (b). If for every x in the open interval (a, b) the right-hand limit and the left-hand limit ... |
Enzyme reaction rate Non-Michaelis–Menten kinetics Enzyme_kinetics > Non-Michaelis–Menten kinetics Positive cooperativity makes enzymes much more sensitive to and their activities can show large changes over a narrow range of substrate concentration. Conversely, negative cooperativity makes enzymes insensitive to smal... |
Kolmogorov extension theorem Explanation of the conditions Kolmogorov_extension_theorem > Explanation of the conditions The two conditions required by the theorem are trivially satisfied by any stochastic process. For example, consider a real-valued discrete-time stochastic process X {\displaystyle X} . Then the probab... |
Image gradient Summary Image_gradient Another name for this is color progression. Mathematically, the gradient of a two-variable function (here the image intensity function) at each image point is a 2D vector with the components given by the derivatives in the horizontal and vertical directions. At each image point, th... |
Self-powered dynamic systems Summary Self-powered_dynamic_systems The concept of "self-powered dynamic systems" in the figure is described as follows. I. Input power (e.g. fuel energy powering a vehicle engine or propulsion system), or input excitation (e.g. vibration excitation to a structure) to the system. The sourc... |
Protein function prediction Genome context-based methods Protein_function_prediction > Genome context-based methods Operons are clusters of genes that are transcribed together. Based on co-transcription data but also based on the fact that the order of genes in operons is often conserved across many bacteria, indicates... |
Left–right symmetry Chiral symmetry Chiral_symmetry > Chiral symmetry The right-handed and left-handed projection operators are P R = 1 + γ 5 2 {\displaystyle P_{\rm {R}}={\frac {1+\gamma ^{5}}{2}}} and P L = 1 − γ 5 2 {\displaystyle P_{\rm {L}}={\frac {1-\gamma ^{5}}{2}}} Massive fermions do not exhibit chiral symmetr... |
Multivariate calculus Properties of continuous functions Multivariable_Calculus > Typical operations > Limits and continuity > Properties of continuous functions {\displaystyle .} g ( x , y ) {\displaystyle g(x,y)} is continuous at point ( a , b ) . {\displaystyle (a,b).} |
Gene centered view of evolution Individual altruism and genetic egoism Gene-centric_view_of_evolution > Selfish-gene theory > Individual altruism and genetic egoism A gene in a somatic cell of an individual may forgo replication to promote the transmission of its copies in the germ line cells. It ensures the high value... |
Radial circuit Circuit design Radial_circuit > Circuit design This means that in a ring there are two independent paths from the supply to every device. Ideally, the ring acts like two radial circuits proceeding in opposite directions around the ring, the dividing point between them dependent on the distribution of loa... |
NBG set theory Classes and sets Von_Neumann–Bernays–Gödel_set_theory > Axiomatization of NBG > Classes and sets In Bernays' approach this statement has no meaning. However, if A {\displaystyle A} is a set, there is an equivalent statement: Define "set a {\displaystyle a} represents class A {\displaystyle A} " if they h... |
Open standardization European Interoperability Framework for Pan-European eGovernment Services Open_protocol > Specific definitions of an open standard > By legislative or governmental bodies > European Interoperability Framework for Pan-European eGovernment Services The European Union defined the term for use within i... |
Paradoxes of infinity Mathematics Paradoxes_of_infinity > Mathematics All horses are the same color: A fallacious argument by induction that appears to prove that all horses are the same color. Ant on a rubber rope: An ant crawling on a rubber rope can reach the end even when the rope stretches much faster than the ant... |
Sodium tetrasulfide Synthesis and structure Sodium_tetrasulfide > Synthesis and structure It is produced through the reaction between elemental sulfur and sodium hydrosulfide in alcoholic solution: 2NaSH + 4 S → Na2S4 + H2SThe polysulfide anions adopt zig-zag chains of sulfur atoms. The S-S distances are about 2.05 Å a... |
Gilbert Froment Key publications Gilbert_Froment > Key publications (1991-04-04). "Catalytic conversion of methanol to light alkenes on SAPO molecular sieves". Applied Catalysis. |
Time Travel Wormholes Time_Travel > Time travel in physics > General relativity > Wormholes According to current theories on the nature of wormholes, construction of a traversable wormhole would require the existence of a substance with negative energy, often referred to as "exotic matter". More technically, the wormho... |
Radio Resource Control Summary Radio_Resource_Control RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol. The major functions of the RRC protocol include connection establishment and release functions, broadcast of system information, radio bearer establishment, reconfiguration and release, RRC connection mobility proc... |
Functional languages Summary Functional_languages Proponents of purely functional programming claim that by restricting side effects, programs can have fewer bugs, be easier to debug and test, and be more suited to formal verification.Functional programming has its roots in academia, evolving from the lambda calculus, ... |
Subunit vaccine Mechanism Subunit_vaccine > Mechanism Subunit vaccines contain fragments of the pathogen, such as protein or polysaccharide, whose combinations are carefully selected to induce a strong and effective immune response. Because the immune system interacts with the pathogen in a limited way, the risk of sid... |
Multi-Version Concurrency Control Description Multi-Version_Concurrency_Control > Description Writes create a newer version, while concurrent reads access an older version. MVCC introduces the challenge of how to remove versions that become obsolete and will never be read. In some cases, a process to periodically sweep... |
Coefficient of kinetic friction History Dry_friction > History In 1845, Joule published a paper entitled The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, in which he specified a numerical value for the amount of mechanical work required to "produce a unit of heat", based on the friction of an electric current passing through a resis... |
Regulation of transcription in cancer Transcription silencing due to methylation of CpG islands Regulation_of_transcription_in_cancer > Transcription silencing due to methylation of CpG islands In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5′ position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form ... |
Nested word Languages Nested_word > Languages As the definition of visibly pushdown automata shows, deterministic visibly pushdown automata can be seen as a special case of deterministic pushdown automata; thus the set VPL of visibly pushdown languages over Σ ^ {\displaystyle \,{\hat {\Sigma }}} forms a subset of the s... |
Data model (GIS) Vector data model Data_model_(GIS) > Vector data model However, it is a fairly complicated data structure. Almost all topological data models are also geo-relational. A spaghetti data model does not include any information about topology (so-called because the individual strands in a bowl of spaghetti ... |
Antiviral drugs Limitations of vaccines Antiviral_medications > Vaccinations > Limitations of vaccines Recently, "subunit" vaccines have been devised containing only the antigenic parts of the pathogen. This makes the vaccine "more precise" but without guarantee that immunological memory will be formed in the correct m... |
Kepler-36 Planetary system Kepler-36c > Planetary system On June 21, 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting the star was announced. The planets, a super-Earth and a "mini-Neptune", are unusual in that they have very close orbits; their semi-major axes differ by only 0.013 AU. The outer planet orbits only 11% furth... |
Satellite telephone Low Earth orbit Satellite_telephone > Satellite network > Low Earth orbit Satphones may utilize satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). The advantages include the possibility of providing worldwide wireless coverage with no gaps. LEO satellites orbit the Earth in high-speed, low-altitude orbits with an... |
Glossary of calculus L Glossary_of_calculus > L list of integrals . logarithm . logarithmic differentiation . lower bound . |
Probability distribution fitting Histogram and density function Probability_distribution_fitting > Histogram and density function From the cumulative distribution function (CDF) one can derive a histogram and the probability density function (PDF). |
Plant architecture Alternation of generations Plant_morphology > Vegetative and reproductive characteristics > Alternation of generations The detailed study of reproductive structures in plants led to the discovery of the alternation of generations, found in all plants and most algae, by the German botanist Wilhelm Hof... |
GoldSim Modeling Environment GoldSim > Modeling Environment Examples include tracking the quantity of water in a reservoir that is subject to both continuous inflows and outflows, as well as sudden storm events; and tracking the quantity of fuel in a space vehicle as it is subjected to random perturbations (e.g., compo... |
Crabbé reaction Prevailing mechanism Crabbé_reaction > Prevailing mechanism These computations indicate that the uncatalyzed process (either a concerted but highly asynchronous process or a stepwise process with a fleeting intermediate) involves a prohibitively high-energy barrier. The metal-catalyzed reaction, on the ... |
Principal factor analysis Rotation methods Factor_Analysis > Practical implementation > Rotation methods The output of PCA maximizes the variance accounted for by the first factor first, then the second factor, etc. A disadvantage of this procedure is that most items load on the early factors, while very few items load... |
Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture Summary Greenhouse_gas_emissions_from_agriculture In addition to being a significant user of land and consumer of fossil fuel, agriculture contributes directly to greenhouse gas emissions through practices such as rice production and the raising of livestock. The three main cau... |
Reverse Osmosis Membrane assembly Reverse_Osmosis_Water_Purification_Unit > Desalination > Membrane assembly The membrane assembly consists of a pressure vessel with a membrane that allows feedwater to be pushed against it. The membrane must be strong enough to withstand the pressure. RO membranes are made in a variety... |
Combined cycle Efficiency Combined_cycle_power_plant > Efficiency By combining both gas and steam cycles, high input temperatures and low output temperatures can be achieved. The efficiency of the cycles add, because they are powered by the same fuel source. So, a combined cycle plant has a thermodynamic cycle that ope... |
Cluster headache Summary Cluster_headache Measures recommended to decrease the frequency of attacks include steroid injections, civamide, or verapamil. Nerve stimulation or surgery may occasionally be used if other measures are not effective.The condition affects about 0.1% of the general population at some point in th... |
R* tree Difference between R*-trees and R-trees R*_tree > Difference between R*-trees and R-trees (In order to avoid an indefinite cascade of reinsertions caused by subsequent node overflow, the reinsertion routine may be called only once in each level of the tree when inserting any one new entry.) This has the effect ... |
Passive speakers (audio) Subwoofer Dynamic_loudspeaker > Speaker systems > Subwoofer Many subwoofer systems include integrated power amplifiers and electronic subsonic-filters, with additional controls relevant to low-frequency reproduction (e.g., a crossover knob and a phase switch). These variants are known as active... |
Program analyzer Summary Software_analysis In computer science, program analysis is the process of automatically analyzing the behavior of computer programs regarding a property such as correctness, robustness, safety and liveness. Program analysis focuses on two major areas: program optimization and program correctnes... |
Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction Children and adolescents Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors > Side effects > Suicide risk > Children and adolescents Meta analyses of short duration randomized clinical trials have found that SSRI use is related to a higher risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. For ins... |
Rutherford Aris bibliography Journal articles Rutherford_Aris_bibliography > Journal articles Sci. 10, 266–267 (1959). "The longitudinal diffusion coefficient in flow through a tube with stagnant pockets." |
Beta blocker Pharmacological differences Beta-adrenergic_antagonist > Comparative information > Pharmacological differences Agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic action (ISA) Acebutolol, pindolol, labetalol, mepindolol, oxprenolol, celiprolol, penbutolol Agents organized by lipid solubility (lipophilicity)High lipophil... |
Neuromyelitis optica Summary Neuromyelitis_optica_spectrum_disorder In some cases, the etiology remains unknown (idiopathic NMO).Multiple sclerosis (MS) and NMO can be similar in clinical and radiological presentation, and MS may very rarely present with an NMO-like phenotype (e.g. in patients with long-standing MS res... |
Click tracking Tracking and recording technology Click_tracking > Tracking and recording technology Mouse and keyboard activity can be measured remotely, so this quality can be capitalized for usability testing. Algorithms can use mouse movements to predict and trace user eye movements. Such tracking in a remote enviro... |
Source attribution Bayesian inference Source_attribution > Frequency-based attribution > Bayesian inference In the context of Bayesian inference every parameter is described by a probability distribution that represents our belief about its true value. Thus, the statistical principle that underlies Bayesian inference (... |
Index of object-oriented programming articles R Index_of_object-oriented_programming_articles > R Rapid application development (sometimes Rapid prototyping) Recursion Refinement Reflection Responsibility-driven design Reverse polymorphism Run-time type information |
Elitzur's theorem Theory Elitzur's_theorem > Theory A field theory admits numerous types of symmetries, with the two most common ones being global and local symmetries. Global symmetries are fields transformations acting the same way everywhere while local symmetries act on fields in a position dependent way. The latte... |
Rotational modes Centrifugal distortion Rotational_spectroscopy > Structure of rotational spectra > Linear molecules > Centrifugal distortion {\displaystyle {\tilde {\nu }}_{J^{\prime }\leftrightarrow J^{\prime \prime }}=2B\left(J^{\prime \prime }+1\right)-4D\left(J^{\prime \prime }+1\right)^{3}\qquad J^{\prime \prime ... |
Aephraim M. Steinberg Summary Aephraim_M._Steinberg Aephraim M. Steinberg is a professor at the University of Toronto and founding member of the Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control. His work also addresses open questions in fundamental quantum mechanical concepts and historic experiments, such as mapping... |
Useable Definition Useable > Definition ISO defines usability as "The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use." The word "usability" also refers to methods for improving ease-of-use during the desi... |
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