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Filter theory Theoretical basis Filter_design > Theoretical basis Parts of the design problem relate to the fact that certain requirements are described in the frequency domain while others are expressed in the time domain and that these may conflict. For example, it is not possible to obtain a filter which has both an... |
Control-flow integrity Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology Control-flow_integrity > Implementations > Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology In the WAIT_FOR_ENDBRANCH state, the next instruction to be executed is required to be the new ENDBRANCH instruction (ENDBR32 in 32-bit mode or ENDBR64 in 64-bit mode), w... |
Nostratic languages Status within comparative linguistics Nostratic_languages > Status within comparative linguistics To include a word for a proto-language it must be found in a number of languages and the forms must be relatable by regular sound changes. In addition, many languages have restrictions on root structure... |
Magnetic circular dichroism Example on C terms Magnetic_circular_dichroism > Example on C terms These features can be explained as follows. The ground state of the anion is 2T2g, which derives from the electronic configuration (t2g)5. So, there would be an unpaired electron in the d orbital of Fe3+ From that, the three... |
Asymmetrical aircraft Engine torque Asymmetrical_aircraft > Types of asymmetry > Engine torque Dunne. In a rotary engine, common during World War I, the whole crankcase and cylinder assembly rotates with the propeller. |
José Luis Massera Selected works José_Luis_Massera > Selected works 64, No. 1, 64 (1): 182–206, doi:10.2307/1969955, JSTOR 1969955, MR 0079179, Zbl 0070.31003. Massera, José Luis; Schäffer, Juan Jorge (1966), Linear differential equations and function spaces, Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 21, Boston, MA: Academic ... |
Synthetic biological circuits Circuit design Synthetic_biological_circuits > Circuit design Recent developments in artificial gene synthesis and the corresponding increase in competition within the industry have led to a significant drop in price and wait time of gene synthesis and helped improve methods used in circui... |
Euclid's division lemma Summary Euclid's_division_lemma The methods of computation are called integer division algorithms, the best known of which being long division. Euclidean division, and algorithms to compute it, are fundamental for many questions concerning integers, such as the Euclidean algorithm for finding th... |
Relativity priority dispute Lorentz Relativity_priority_dispute > Comments by Lorentz, Poincaré, and Einstein > Lorentz In one we use – such was my thought – coordinate axes which have a fixed position in the aether and which we can call "true" time; in the other system, on the contrary, we would deal with simple auxil... |
Vitamin C Cardiovascular disease L-ascorbic_acid > Medical uses > Cardiovascular disease In 2017, an independent study evaluating 15,445 participants found no evidence to show vitamin C decreases the risk cardiovascular disease. These results supported one 2013 review which found no evidence that antioxidant vitamin su... |
Inverse dynamics Applications Inverse_dynamics > Applications Each moment of force can perform positive work to increase the speed and/or height of the body or perform negative work to decrease the speed and/or height of the body. The equations of motion necessary for these computations are based on Newtonian mechanics... |
Nephrotic syndrome By histologic pattern Nephrotic_syndrome > Causes > Secondary glomerulonephrosis > By histologic pattern Membranous nephropathy (MN) Sjögren's syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Diabetes mellitus Sarcoidosis Drugs (such as corticosteroids, gold, intravenous heroin) Malignancy (cancer) Bacter... |
Karl Fischer titration Coulometric titration Karl_Fischer_titration > Coulometric titration The detector circuit maintains a constant current between the two detector electrodes during titration. Prior to the equivalence point, the solution contains I− but little I2. At the equivalence point, excess I2 appears and an a... |
Catalytic domain Summary Catalytic_domain This specificity is determined by the arrangement of amino acids within the active site and the structure of the substrates. Sometimes enzymes also need to bind with some cofactors to fulfil their function. |
Depth-limited search Properties Iterative_deepening > Properties IDDFS combines depth-first search's space-efficiency and breadth-first search's completeness (when the branching factor is finite). If a solution exists, it will find a solution path with the fewest arcs.Since iterative deepening visits states multiple ti... |
Macrophage-activating factor Classically activated macrophages Macrophage-activating_factor > Macrophage activated phenotypes > Classically activated macrophages After receiving signaling from both IFNγ and TNF, macrophages acquire a phenotype with higher activity against both pathogens and tumor cells. They also secre... |
Model of hierarchical complexity Overview Model_of_hierarchical_complexity > Overview It is based on the very simple notions that higher order task actions: are defined in terms of the next lower ones (creating hierarchy); organize the next lower actions; organize lower actions in a non-arbitrary way (differentiating t... |
Trustworthy AI Homomorphic Encryption Trustworthy_AI > Standardization > Homomorphic Encryption ITU has been collaborating since the early stage of the HomomorphicEncryption.org standardization meetings, which has developed a standard on Homomorphic encryption. The 5th homomorphic encryption meeting was hosted at ITU H... |
Functional model N2 Chart Function_modeling > Functional modeling methods > N2 Chart The N2 Chart is a diagram in the shape of a matrix, representing functional or physical interfaces between system elements. It is used to systematically identify, define, tabulate, design, and analyze functional and physical interfaces... |
Emission lines Summary Spectral_linewidth A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are often used to identify atoms and molecules. These... |
Kernel method Summary Kernel_trick In machine learning, kernel machines are a class of algorithms for pattern analysis, whose best known member is the support-vector machine (SVM). These methods involve using linear classifiers to solve nonlinear problems. The general task of pattern analysis is to find and study gener... |
Physiology Comparative physiology Physiology > Subdisciplines > Subdisciplines by research objective > Comparative physiology Involving evolutionary physiology and environmental physiology, comparative physiology considers the diversity of functional characteristics across organisms. |
Prevalence of mental disorders World Health Organization global study Prevalence_of_mental_disorders > Population studies > World Health Organization global study The World Health Organization is currently undertaking a global survey of 26 countries in all regions of the world, based on ICD and DSM criteria. The first ... |
Outline of solar energy Conversion of solar energy Outline_of_solar_energy > Conversion of solar energy Solar power – the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Active solar – technologies are employed to convert solar energ... |
Stack (mathematics) Stacky curves Category_fibered_in_groupoids > Examples > Geometric stacks > Stacky curves Stacky curves, or orbicurves, can be constructed by taking the stack quotient of a morphism of curves by the monodromy group of the cover over the generic points. For example, take a projective morphism Proj ( ... |
Wold–von Neumann decomposition Summary Wold–von_Neumann_decomposition In mathematics, particularly in operator theory, Wold decomposition or Wold–von Neumann decomposition, named after Herman Wold and John von Neumann, is a classification theorem for isometric linear operators on a given Hilbert space. It states that e... |
Field-oriented control Technical overview Vector_control_(motor) > Technical overview Overview of key competing VFD control platforms: While the analysis of AC drive controls can be technically quite involved ("See also" section), such analysis invariably starts with modeling of the drive-motor circuit involved along t... |
Online Analytical Processing Summary Online_Analytical_Processing Databases configured for OLAP use a multidimensional data model, allowing for complex analytical and ad hoc queries with a rapid execution time. They borrow aspects of navigational databases, hierarchical databases and relational databases. OLAP is typic... |
Justesen code Definition Justesen_code > Definition , C i n N ) {\displaystyle C_{out}\circ (C_{in}^{1},...,C_{in}^{N})} , is defined as follows. Given a message m ∈ K {\displaystyle m\in ^{K}} , we compute the codeword produced by an outer code C o u t {\displaystyle C_{out}}: C o u t ( m ) = ( c 1 , c 2 , . . |
History of the International System of Units Definition vs. realization of units History_of_the_International_System_of_Units > Realisation of units > Definition vs. realization of units For example, the kilogram can be written as kg = (Hz)(J⋅s)/(m/s)2. Thus, the kilogram is defined in terms of the three defining const... |
Semiconservative replication Discovery Semiconservative_replication > Discovery Multiple experiments were conducted to determine how DNA replicates. The semiconservative model was anticipated by Nikolai Koltsov and later supported by the Meselson–Stahl experiment, which confirmed that DNA replicated semi-conservatively... |
Error Linguistics Error > Linguistics In applied linguistics, an error is an unintended deviation from the immanent rules of a language variety made by a second language learner. Such errors result from the learner's lack of knowledge of the correct rules of the target language variety. A significant distinction is gen... |
Glycemic control Summary Glycemic_control The term diabetes includes several different metabolic disorders that all, if left untreated, result in abnormally high concentrations of a sugar called glucose in the blood. Diabetes mellitus type 1 results when the pancreas no longer produces significant amounts of the hormon... |
Life Length Telomeres and their importance to the company Life_Length > Telomeres and their importance to the company Telomeres are part of our DNA and are found at the ends of chromosomes. Their function is to protect our DNA during each cell division by preventing chromosomes from adhering to each other or from losin... |
Currying Category theory Currying > Definition > Category theory The internal language of such categories is linear logic, a form of quantum logic; the corresponding type system is the linear type system. Such categories are suitable for describing entangled quantum states, and, more generally, allow a vast generalizat... |
Antibiotic use in dentistry Acute Dentoalveolar Abscesses Antibiotic_use_in_dentistry > Dental Abscesses > Lateral Periodontal Abscesses > Acute Dentoalveolar Abscesses These abscesses are the most commonly occurring orofacial bacterial infection. They are often the result of an inflamed or necrotic dental pulp or an i... |
IM 67118 Problem and its solution IM_67118 > Problem and its solution The quantity ½(b − a)=0.125 is then added to the horizontal side of the square and subtracted from the vertical side. The resulting line segments are the sides of the desired rectangle.One difficulty in reconstructing Old Babylonian geometric diagram... |
COPD exacerbation Signs and symptoms COPD_exacerbation > Signs and symptoms Exacerbations may be accompanied by increased amount of cough and sputum productions, and a change in appearance of sputum. An abrupt worsening in COPD symptoms may cause rupture of the airways in the lungs, which in turn may cause a spontaneou... |
Affine combination Related combinations Affine_combination > See also > Related combinations Convex combination Conical combination Linear combination |
Conscious evolution Opinions Conscious_evolution > Opinions Given that humans have knowledge of this evolutionary process (evolutionary consciousness) it is the task of humanity to take control of these random changes, to avoid the 'disastrous fate' (extinction) that has befallen the majority of species that have ever ... |
Quantum reference frame Quantum reference frame Quantum_reference_frame > Quantum reference frame After all, a reference frame, by definition, has a well-defined position and momentum, while quantum theory, namely uncertainty principle, states that one cannot describe any quantum system with well-defined position and m... |
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Signs and symptoms Atypical_hemolytic_uremic_syndrome > Signs and symptoms Patients with aHUS often present with an abrupt onset of systemic signs and symptoms such as acute kidney failure, hypertension (high blood pressure), myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, lung complica... |
Molemax Summary Molemax MoleMax was the first digital epiluminescence microscopy (dermatoscopy) system developed in cooperation with medical faculty Department of Dermatology of the Medical University of Vienna. It is currently owned and distributed by DermaMedicalSystems. |
Pyloric caeca Water vascular system Pyloric_caeca > Anatomy > Water vascular system The water vascular system of the starfish is a hydraulic system made up of a network of fluid-filled canals and is concerned with locomotion, adhesion, food manipulation and gas exchange. Water enters the system through the madreporite,... |
Sampling error In Genetics Sampling_variance > In Genetics The term "sampling error" has also been used in a related but fundamentally different sense in the field of genetics; for example in the bottleneck effect or founder effect, when natural disasters or migrations dramatically reduce the size of a population, resu... |
Active site Types of non-covalent interactions Binding_pocket > Types of non-covalent interactions Electrostatic interaction: In an aqueous environment, the oppositely charged groups in amino acid side chains within the active site and substrates attract each other, which is termed electrostatic interaction. For exampl... |
CRISPR/Cas tools Table CRISPR/Cas_tools > Table The below table lists available tools and their attributes. == References == |
Podosome Function Podosome > Function Consequently, podosomes are present in cell types associated with tissue remodeling and the immune system.Patients who suffer from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome demonstrate, through their immune cells, continued evidence of the role podosomes fulfill in cell motility. These patients do ... |
Major depressive disorder Comorbidity Major_depressive_disorder > Epidemiology > Comorbidity Major depression frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric problems. The 1990–92 National Comorbidity Survey (US) reported that half of those with major depression also have lifetime anxiety and its associated disorders, such... |
Entropy (classical thermodynamics) Heat engines Entropy_(classical_thermodynamics) > Thermal machines > Heat engines Consider a heat engine working between two temperatures TH and Ta. With Ta we have ambient temperature in mind, but, in principle it may also be some other low temperature. The heat engine is in thermal ... |
Europium(III) iodide Structure Europium(III)_iodide > Structure Europium(III) iodide adopts the bismuth(III) iodide (BiI3) crystal structure type, with octahedral coordination of each Eu3+ ion by 6 iodide ions. |
Cell software development Local store exploitation Cell_software_development > Local store exploitation Transferring data between the local stores of different SPUs can have a large performance cost. The local stores of individual SPUs can be exploited using a variety of strategies. Applications with high locality, suc... |
Computer Program C++ Computer_code > Programming paradigms and languages > Imperative languages > C++ For example, a student is a person. Therefore, the set of students is a subset of the set of persons. |
Self-resonant frequency Voltage across the inductor Resonance_cavity > Linear systems > RLC series circuits > Voltage across the inductor The resonant frequency need not always take the form given in the examples above. For the RLC circuit, suppose instead that the output voltage of interest is the voltage across the i... |
Miliary tuberculosis Diagnosis Miliary_tuberculosis > Diagnosis Testing for miliary tuberculosis is conducted in a similar manner as for other forms of tuberculosis, although a number of tests must be conducted on a patient to confirm diagnosis. Tests include chest x-ray, sputum culture, bronchoscopy, open lung biopsy,... |
Control of respiration Determinants of ventilatory rate Control_of_respiration > Control of respiratory rhythm > Determinants of ventilatory rate Ventilatory rate (respiratory minute volume) is tightly controlled and determined primarily by blood levels of carbon dioxide as determined by metabolic rate. Blood levels of... |
Adobe Flash Catalyst Features Adobe_Flash_Catalyst > Features This same method can be used to create UIs to handle dynamic data without having access to the actual data source. Imported objects are maintained as linked files, so behaviors created in Flash Catalyst are still maintained even after the original file is ed... |
Transcendental Logic Intuition and concept Transcendental_Aesthetic > Terms and phrases > Intuition and concept Kant distinguishes between two different fundamental types of representation: intuitions and concepts: Concepts are "mediate representations" (see A68/B93). Mediate representations represent things by represe... |
Myeloid metaplasia Treatment Primary_myelofibrosis > Treatment The one known curative treatment is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, but this approach involves significant risks. Other treatment options are largely supportive, and do not alter the course of the disorder (with the possible exception of ruxolitinib, ... |
Stabistor Summary Stabistor The stabistor (also called a forward reference diode) is the technical term used to designate a special type of semiconductor silicon diode featuring extremely stable forward voltage characteristics. These devices are specially designed for low-voltage stabilization applications requiring a ... |
Linear equality Slope–intercept form or Gradient-intercept form Linear_equations > Two variables > Equation of a line > Slope–intercept form or Gradient-intercept form A non-vertical line can be defined by its slope m, and its y-intercept y0 (the y coordinate of its intersection with the y-axis). In this case its linea... |
BASIC interpreter Niche BASICs BASIC_interpreter > History > Niche BASICs Today, coding BASIC interpreters has become part of the retrocomputing hobby. Higher level programming languages on systems with extensive RAM have simplified implementing BASIC interpreters. For instance, line management is simple if your implem... |
Molecular lesion Disease Effects Molecular_lesion > Lesions of Nucleic Acids > Disease Effects Many systems are in place to repair DNA and RNA lesions but it is possible for lesions to escape these measures. This may lead to mutations or large genome abnormalities, which can threaten the cell or organism’s ability to l... |
Compiler optimization Types of optimization Compiler_optimizations > Types of optimization For instance, function inlining, where a call to a function is replaced by a copy of the function body. Machine code optimization and object code optimizer These analyze the executable task image of the program after all of an ex... |
Polymer chain Common examples Organic_polymer > Common examples Polymers are of two types: naturally occurring and synthetic or man made. |
Resistive heating Heating efficiency Joule_Heating > Heating efficiency Heat is not to be confused with internal energy or synonymously thermal energy. While intimately connected to heat, they are distinct physical quantities. As a heating technology, Joule heating has a coefficient of performance of 1.0, meaning that ... |
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra History Fundamental_Theorem_of_Algebra > History Other attempts were made by Euler (1749), de Foncenex (1759), Lagrange (1772), and Laplace (1795). These last four attempts assumed implicitly Girard's assertion; to be more precise, the existence of solutions was assumed and all that remai... |
Glossary of engineering: A–L I Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L > I Impedance (electrical)In electrical engineering, electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. Inclined planeAlso known as a ramp, is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with... |
Economic power Summary Economic_power Economic power refers to the ability of countries, businesses or individuals to improve living standards. It increases their ability to make decisions on their own that benefit them. Scholars of international relations also refer to the economic power of a country as a factor influ... |
Surf forecasting How waves are made Surf_forecasting > Offshore swells > How waves are made Waves are created as wind blows over the ocean, transferring its energy into the water. The size of the swell is affected by three variables: the velocity of the wind, its duration, and its fetch, or distance the wind blows over... |
Collision Physics Collision_of_bodies > Physics What distinguishes different types of collisions is whether they also conserve kinetic energy. The line of impact is the line that is collinear to the common normal of the surfaces that are closest or in contact during impact. This is the line along which internal force o... |
Doppler beaming Beaming equation Doppler_beaming > A simple jet model > Beaming equation In the simple jet model of a single homogeneous sphere the observed luminosity is related to the intrinsic luminosity as S o = S e D p , {\displaystyle S_{o}=S_{e}D^{p}\,,} where p = 3 − α . {\displaystyle p=3-\alpha \,.} The obser... |
Mobiles for development Mobile accessibility and use Mobiles_for_development > Mobile accessibility and use These mobile devices come equipped with basic mobile communications hard and software such as WiFi and 3G services which allow users to connect to the Internet via mobile and wireless networks without having to s... |
Complex projective manifold Summary Projective_algebraic_manifold For an algebraic manifold, the ground field will be the real numbers or complex numbers; in the case of the real numbers, the manifold of real points is sometimes called a Nash manifold. Every sufficiently small local patch of an algebraic manifold is is... |
Atezolizumab Adverse effects Atezolizumab > Adverse effects The most common adverse effects in studies were fatigue, decreased appetite, nausea, and infections. Urinary tract infection was the most common severe adverse effect. |
Group cohomology Functoriality Group_homology > Properties > Functoriality Group cohomology depends contravariantly on the group G, in the following sense: if f: H → G is a group homomorphism, then we have a naturally induced morphism Hn(G, M) → Hn(H, M) (where in the latter, M is treated as an H-module via f). This ma... |
Determination of equilibrium constants Potentiometric measurements Determination_of_equilibrium_constants > Experimental methods > Potentiometric measurements A free concentration or activity {A} of a species A is measured by means of an ion selective electrode such as the glass electrode. If the electrode is calibrat... |
J. Robert Oppenheimer Final years J._Robert_Oppenheimer > Final years Starting in 1954, Oppenheimer lived for several months of each year on the island of Saint John in the U.S. Virgin Islands. In 1957, he purchased a 2-acre (0.81 ha) tract of land on Gibney Beach, where he built a spartan home on the beach. He spent c... |
Nonlinear differential equation Summary Nonlinear_equation In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and ma... |
632 symmetry Formal definition and discussion Plane_group > Formal definition and discussion Unlike in the three-dimensional case, one can equivalently restrict the affine transformations to those that preserve orientation. It follows from the Bieberbach theorem that all wallpaper groups are different even as abstract ... |
Common antilogarithm Number theory Decadic_antilogarithm > Applications > Number theory Natural logarithms are closely linked to counting prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...), an important topic in number theory. For any integer x, the quantity of prime numbers less than or equal to x is denoted π(x). The prime number t... |
Reproducibility History Reproducibility > History However, Shapin and Schaffer also note that "the accomplishment of replication was dependent on contingent acts of judgment. One cannot write down a formula saying when replication was or was not achieved".The philosopher of science Karl Popper noted briefly in his famo... |
Philosophy of artificial intelligence Conferences & Literature Artificial_philosophy > Conferences & Literature The main conference series on the issue is "Philosophy and Theory of AI" (PT-AI), run by Vincent C. Müller. The main bibliography on the subject, with several sub-sections, is on PhilPapers. A recent survey (... |
Filter (topology) Uniformities and Cauchy prefilters Cluster_point_of_a_filter > Examples of applications of prefilters > Uniformities and Cauchy prefilters Every compact uniform space is complete because any Cauchy filter has a cluster point (by compactness), which is necessarily also a limit point (since the filter i... |
Extended Kalman Filter Formulation Extended_Kalman_Filter > Formulation At each time step, the Jacobian is evaluated with current predicted states. These matrices can be used in the Kalman filter equations. This process essentially linearizes the non-linear function around the current estimate. See the Kalman Filter ar... |
More O'Ferrall–Jencks plot Substitution reactions More_O'Ferrall–Jencks_plot > Applications > Substitution reactions A similar analysis, done by J. M. Harris, has been applied to the competing SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic aliphatic substitution pathways. The effects of increasing the nucleophilicity of the nucleophile are ... |
Kepler problem in general relativity Classical Kepler problem Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity > Historical context > Classical Kepler problem The ratio of sizes of these ellipses is m/M, with the larger mass moving on a smaller ellipse. If M is much larger than m, then the larger mass will appear to be stationar... |
Folk theorem (game theory) Applications Folk_theorem_(game_theory) > Applications Folk theorems can be applied to a diverse number of fields. For example: Anthropology: in a community where all behavior is well known, and where members of the community know that they will continue to have to deal with each other, then ... |
Small world effect The social sciences Small_world_effect > Influence > The social sciences The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell, based on articles originally published in The New Yorker, elaborates on the "funneling" concept. Gladwell condenses sociological research, which argues that the six-degrees phenomenon is de... |
Epidemiologic methods Outline of the process of an epidemiological study Epidemiologic_methods > Outline of the process of an epidemiological study Two methods have evolved to assess the strength of the relationship between the disease causing agent and the disease. Koch's postulates were the first criteria developed f... |
Parabola Numerical integration Parabola > Numerical integration In one method of numerical integration one replaces the graph of a function by arcs of parabolas and integrates the parabola arcs. A parabola is determined by three points. The formula for one arc is The method is called Simpson's rule. |
Underclass Focus on economics Underclass > Definitions > Focus on economics Marxian sociologist Erik Olin Wright sees the underclass as a "category of social agents who are economically oppressed but not consistently exploited within a given class system". The underclass occupies the lowest possible rung on a class lad... |
Proteomyxa Summary Proteomyxa It is a fresh-water form. The cells of this species form loose aggregates or filoplasmodia, like those of Mikrogromia or Leydenia. == References == |
Time-series regression Curve fitting Time_sequence > Analysis > Curve fitting Extrapolation refers to the use of a fitted curve beyond the range of the observed data, and is subject to a degree of uncertainty since it may reflect the method used to construct the curve as much as it reflects the observed data. For proce... |
Wilson loops Renormalization Wilson_loop > Properties > Renormalization Since Wilson loops are operators of the gauge fields, the regularization and renormalization of the underlying Yang–Mills theory fields and couplings does not prevent the Wilson loops from requiring additional renormalization corrections. In a reno... |
Pythagorean numerology Repeating digit numbers Numerology > Methods > Repeating digit numbers "Angel numbers" are supposedly numbers consisting of repeating digits, such as 333 or 1111. As of 2023, a number of popular media publications have published articles suggesting that these numbers have numerological significan... |
Linear model Other uses in statistics Linear_model > Other uses in statistics There are some other instances where "nonlinear model" is used to contrast with a linearly structured model, although the term "linear model" is not usually applied. One example of this is nonlinear dimensionality reduction. |
Werner Heisenberg Göttingen, Copenhagen and Leipzig Werner_Heisenberg > Academic career > Göttingen, Copenhagen and Leipzig In these papers Heisenberg was the first to reinterpret the Dirac equation as a "classical" field equation for any point particle of spin ħ/2, itself subject to quantization conditions involving a... |
Complete the square Scalar case Completing_the_square > Overview > Formula > Scalar case The result of completing the square may be written as a formula. In the general case, one has with In particular, when a = 1, one has with By solving the equation a ( x − h ) 2 + k = 0 {\displaystyle a(x-h)^{2}+k=0} in terms of x −... |
Short scale Alternative approaches Long_scale > Alternative approaches In written communications, the simplest solution for moderately large numbers is to write the full amount, for example 1,000,000,000,000 rather than 1 trillion (short scale) or 1 billion (long scale). Combinations of the unambiguous word million, fo... |
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