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Glossary of probability and statistics K Glossary_of_probability_and_statistics > K Kalman filter kernel kernel density estimation kurtosis A measure of the "tailedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable. There are different ways of quantifying, estimating, and interpreting kurtosis, but ... |
Bremsstrahlung Summary Bremsstrahlung In particle physics, bremsstrahlung (German pronunciation: ; from German bremsen 'to brake', and Strahlung 'radiation') is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nu... |
Pseudogroup Examples Local_Lie_group > Examples A widespread class of examples is given by pseudogroups preserving a given geometric structure. For instance, if (X, g) is a Riemannian manifold, one has the pseudogroup of its local isometries; if (X, ω) is a symplectic manifold, one has the pseudogroup of its local symp... |
Plasma osmolality Osmolar gap (OG) Plasma_osmolality > Osmolar gap (OG) Often, this results in confusion as to which units are meant. For practical purposes, the units are considered interchangeable. The resulting "osmolar gap" can be thought of as either osmolar or osmolal, since both units have been used in its deriv... |
Lifting-line theory Summary Lifting-line_theory The Prandtl lifting-line theory is a mathematical model in aerodynamics that predicts lift distribution over a three-dimensional wing based on its geometry. It is also known as the Lanchester–Prandtl wing theory.The theory was expressed independently by Frederick W. Lanch... |
Cloud load balancing Comparison With DNS load balancing Cloud_load_balancing > Comparison With DNS load balancing Cloud load balancing has an advantage over DNS load balancing as it can transfer loads to servers globally as opposed to distributing it across local servers. In the event of a local server outage, cloud lo... |
Confounding variables Summary Confounding_variables In causal inference, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association. Confounding is a causal co... |
Single-wire transmission line History Single-wire_transmission_line > History As early as the 1780s Luigi Galvani first observed the effect of static electricity in causing the legs of a frog to twitch, and observed the same effect produced just due to certain metallic contacts with the frog involving a complete circui... |
Annihilation operators Summary Creation_and_annihilation_operator Creation operators and annihilation operators are mathematical operators that have widespread applications in quantum mechanics, notably in the study of quantum harmonic oscillators and many-particle systems. An annihilation operator (usually denoted a ^... |
Discrete rate simulation Summary Discrete_rate_simulation In the field of simulation, a discrete rate simulation models the behavior of mixed discrete and continuous systems. This methodology is used to simulate linear continuous systems, hybrid continuous and discrete-event systems, and any other system that involves ... |
Secular term Example: the Duffing equation Poincaré–Lindstedt_perturbation_theory > Example: the Duffing equation The term responsible for this unbounded growth, called the secular term, is t sin ( t ) {\displaystyle t\sin(t)} . The Poincaré–Lindstedt method allows for the creation of an approximation that is accurat... |
Passively safe Terminology Passively_safe > Terminology Nuclear reactor response properties such as Temperature coefficient of reactivity and Void coefficient of reactivity usually refer to the thermodynamic and phase-change response of the neutron moderator heat transfer process respectively. Reactors whose heat trans... |
Glossary of reconfigurable computing Summary Glossary_of_reconfigurable_computing Common Memory also known as Shared Memory Should refer to memory on a multi-FPGA board to which all the FPGAs can communicate data to directly and is external to the FPGA. Compile/Compilation Code segments/pieces that are meant to run on ... |
ENIAC Role in development of the Monte Carlo methods ENIAC > Programming > Role in development of the Monte Carlo methods Related to ENIAC's role in the hydrogen bomb was its role in the Monte Carlo method becoming popular. Scientists involved in the original nuclear bomb development used massive groups of people doing... |
AIDSVAX Summary AIDSVAX The vaccine was designed to provoke the production of antibodies in subjects that would strip the gp120 protein off of the HIV viral particles, effectively disabling the virus so that it could not bind to or invade susceptible cells. Then, another group, infected with a second strain of HIV, A24... |
PV module Theory and construction Smart_module > Theory and construction Photovoltaic modules consist of a large number of solar cells and use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Most modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The struc... |
Freivalds' algorithm Input Freivalds'_algorithm > The algorithm > Input Three n × n matrices A {\displaystyle A} , B {\displaystyle B} , and C {\displaystyle C} . |
Industrial data processing Summary Industrial_data_processing Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instrument... |
Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies Reprints and international editions Analytical_Dynamics_of_Particles_and_Rigid_Bodies > Publication history > Reprints and international editions Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1123785221. Whittaker, E. T. |
Aero-propulsion Systems Test Facility Capabilities Aero-propulsion_Systems_Test_Facility > Capabilities Inlet air to the tested propulsion systems can be conditioned up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit by large combustion air heaters. These heaters can burn either diesel fuel or waste aviation fuel and generate up to 1,000,00... |
Coronary atherosclerosis Rupture and stenosis Atherosclerotic_plaques > Pathophysiology > Rupture and stenosis These tissue fragments are very clot-promoting, containing collagen and tissue factor; they activate platelets and activate the system of coagulation. The result is the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) ove... |
Renovascular hypertension Cause Renovascular_hypertension > Cause The cause of renovascular hypertension is consistent with any narrowing/blockage of blood supply to the renal organ (renal artery stenosis). As a consequence of this action the renal organs release hormones that indicate to the body to maintain a higher ... |
Tensor rank decomposition Calculating the CPD Tensor_rank_decomposition > Calculating the CPD Alternating algorithms: alternating least squares (ALS) alternating slice-wise diagonalisation (ASD)Direct algorithms: pencil-based algorithms moment-based algorithmsGeneral optimization algorithms: simultaneous diagonalizatio... |
Quantum microscopy Scanning tunneling Quantum_microscopy > Scanning tunneling The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) uses the concept of quantum tunneling to directly image atoms. A STM can be used to study the three-dimensional structure of a sample, by scanning the surface with a sharp, metal, conductive tip close t... |
Interpersonal communication Others Interpersonal_communication > Theories > Others Deception in communication. This concept is based on the premise that everyone lies and considers how lying impacts relationships. James Hearn explores this theory in his article, "Interpersonal Deception Theory: Ten Lessons for Negotiat... |
Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics Origin and use of the term Copenhagen_interpretation_of_quantum_mechanics > Origin and use of the term The term refers to the city of Copenhagen in Denmark, and was apparently coined during the 1950s. Earlier, during the mid-1920s, Heisenberg had been an assistant to Bohr ... |
Watershed stroke Classification systems Watershed_stroke > Diagnosis > Classification systems The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification (OCSP, also known as the Bamford or Oxford classification) relies primarily on the patient's initial symptoms. Based on the extent of the symptoms, the stroke episode is ... |
Turn (angle) Unit conversion Rotation_(physics) > Unit conversion One turn is equal to 2π (≈ 6.283185307179586) radians, 360 degrees, or 400 gradians. |
Paranoid ideation Signs and symptoms Paranoid_ideation > Signs and symptoms Some scientists have created different subtypes for the various symptoms of paranoia including erotic, persecutory, litigious, and exalted.Due to the suspicious and troublesome personality traits of paranoia, it is unlikely that someone with pa... |
Intermittent reinforcement Positive reinforcement Positive_reinforcer > Operant conditioning > Positive reinforcement Example: A teacher praises his student when he receives a good grade. The praise the student receives is the positive reinforcement in case the student's grades improve. Example: A supervisor attaches a... |
Mathematics of artificial neural networks Algorithm Mathematics_of_artificial_neural_networks > Backpropagation > Algorithm Let N {\displaystyle N} be a network with e {\displaystyle e} connections, m {\displaystyle m} inputs and n {\displaystyle n} outputs. Below, x 1 , x 2 , … {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\dots } denot... |
Data profiling How data profiling is conducted Data_profiling > How data profiling is conducted Data profiling utilizes methods of descriptive statistics such as minimum, maximum, mean, mode, percentile, standard deviation, frequency, variation, aggregates such as count and sum, and additional metadata information obta... |
Interesting number paradox Paradoxical nature Interesting_number_paradox > Paradoxical nature The number fitting this definition later became 12407 from November 2009 until at least November 2011, then 13794 as of April 2012, until it appeared in sequence OEIS: A218631 as of 3 November 2012. Since November 2013, that n... |
Hockey stick graph (global temperature) Controversy after IPCC Third Assessment Report Hockey_stick_graph_(global_temperature) > Controversy after IPCC Third Assessment Report To balance dense networks of tree-ring proxies against sparse proxy temperature records such as lake sediments, ice cores or corals, MBH 1998 (a... |
Environmental Economics Relationship to other fields Environmental_Economics > Relationship to other fields Natural resource economics as a subfield began when the main concern of researchers was the optimal commercial exploitation of natural resource stocks. But resource managers and policy-makers eventually began to ... |
Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics Structure Von_Karman_Institute_for_Fluid_Dynamics > Structure It has a large expertise in the study of aeroacoustics, multiphase flows, vehicle aerodynamics, biological flows and environmental flows (including the study of interaction between atmospheric winds and human activitie... |
Body shaping underwear Summary Body_shaping_underwear A foundation garment (also known as shapewear or shaping underwear) is an undergarment designed to impermanently alter the wearer's body shape, to achieve what some view as a more fashionable figure. The function of a foundation garment is not to enhance a bodily fe... |
Signature scheme Non-repudiation Digital_Signature > Applications > Non-repudiation Note that these authentication, non-repudiation etc. properties rely on the secret key not having been revoked prior to its usage. Public revocation of a key-pair is a required ability, else leaked secret keys would continue to implicat... |
Least-squares normal matrix Example with real data Ordinary_least_squares_regression > Example with real data Under weaker conditions, t is asymptotically normal. Large values of t indicate that the null hypothesis can be rejected and that the corresponding coefficient is not zero. The second column, p-value, expresses... |
Fear conditioning Prior experience with stress Fear_conditioning > Across development > Prior experience with stress A history of stressors preceding a traumatic event increases the effect of fear conditioning in rodents. This phenomenon, named Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning (SEFL), has been demonstrated in both young (... |
Chartaque History Chartaque > History Depending on the state of the terrain, they might be arranged at intervals of about one to three kilometres. They were supporting elements of defensive lines. For example, between Radkersburg and Fehring, a distance of about 27 kilometres as the crow flies, 13 chartaques were built... |
Matrix regularization Structured sparsity Matrix_regularization > Structured sparsity This regularization results in rows that will tend to be all zeros, or dense. The same type of regularization can be used to enforce sparsity column-wise by taking the ℓ 2 {\displaystyle \ell ^{2}} -norms of each column. |
Recurrent neural networks Global optimization methods Recurrent_neural_network > Training > Global optimization methods This function drives the genetic selection process.Many chromosomes make up the population; therefore, many different neural networks are evolved until a stopping criterion is satisfied. A common stop... |
Database Design and modeling Database_language > Design and modeling This can help to establish what information is needed in the database, and what can be left out. For example, it can help when deciding whether the database needs to hold historic data as well as current data. Having produced a conceptual data model t... |
CFA Loop The feedback element CFA_Loop > A description of the control–feedback–abort (CFA) loop > The feedback element Look at a computer in a wait state. It is still performing administrative activities even while it waits for some activity to happen. Change is the constant state of the Feedback element. |
Solyndra Technology Solyndra > Technology The daily production of flat solar panels has an output curve that has a clear peak while Solyndra claimed their system produced more power throughout the day. The Solyndra panels allow wind to blow through them. According to the company, these factors enable the installation o... |
Nonmanual feature Form Nonmanual_marker > Form In sign languages, the hands do the majority of the work, forming phonemes and giving denotational meaning. Extra meaning however is created through the use of nonmanual features. Despite the literal meaning of manual, not all signs that use other body parts are called as ... |
Ingenol mebutate Mechanism of action Ingenol_mebutate > Mechanism of action The mechanism by which ingenol mebutate causes cell death is still not fully understood. One study on squamous cell carcinoma, the precursor of which is actinic keratosis, cultures found that the PKC/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is involved in cau... |
Positive pressure breathing Oxygen toxicity Positive_pressure_breathing > Breathing under pressure > Hyperbaric gas toxicity > Oxygen toxicity If breathing increased partial pressures of oxygen continues, a mild burning on inhalation along with uncontrollable coughing and occasional shortness of breath is experienced. ... |
Self-indication assumption Summary Self-Sampling_Assumption Anthropic Bias: Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy (2002) is a book by philosopher Nick Bostrom. Bostrom investigates how to reason when one suspects that evidence is biased by "observation selection effects", in other words, when the evid... |
Chrystal's equation Solution Chrystal's_equation > Solution The denominator on the left hand side can be factorized if we solve the roots of the equation A 2 + A B − 4 C ± B z − z 2 = 0 {\displaystyle A^{2}+AB-4C\pm Bz-z^{2}=0} and the roots are a , b = ± / 2 {\displaystyle a,\ b=\pm \left/2} , therefore z d z ( z − a... |
Base unit (measurement) Summary Fundamental_unit A base unit of measurement (also referred to as a base unit or fundamental unit) is a unit of measurement adopted for a base quantity. A base quantity is one of a conventionally chosen subset of physical quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in ter... |
Minimax path problem Single source and single destination Widest_path_problem > Directed graphs > Single source and single destination Berman & Handler (1987) suggest that service vehicles and emergency vehicles should use minimax paths when returning from a service call to their base. In this application, the time to ... |
Reaction rates Formal definition Rate_of_reactions > Formal definition Also V is the volume of reaction and Ci is the concentration of substance i. When side products or reaction intermediates are formed, the IUPAC recommends the use of the terms the rate of increase of concentration and rate of the decrease of concent... |
Grid file Census Database Grid_file > Examples > Census Database This structure can be thought of as an array, table, or grid with two dimensions which we will call the x and y axes. One may consider the x-axis to be the city and the y-axis to be each of the letters in the alphabet, or alternatively, the first letter o... |
Residual neural network Related Work Residual_neural_network > Related Work The ResNet paper, however, provided strong experimental evidence of the benefits of going deeper than 20 layers. It argued that the identity mapping without modulation is crucial and mentioned that modulation in the skip connection can still le... |
Surface electromagnetic wave Mechanical waves Surface_waves > Mechanical waves In seismology, several types of surface waves are encountered. Surface waves, in this mechanical sense, are commonly known as either Love waves (L waves) or Rayleigh waves. A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, often as th... |
Flow stress Summary Flow_stress Fatigue failure is caused by crack propagation in materials under a varying load, typically a cyclically varying load. The rate of crack propagation is inversely proportional to the flow stress of the material. == References == |
Production part approval process PPAP approval Production_part_approval_process > PPAP approval The PPAP is like the older ISIR plus a lot more, unless the customer has a specific requirement for using their ISIR within their system. ISIR is a summary of the initial sample being presented at what ever state. The PSW is... |
Davis–Beirut reaction Mechanism in base Davis–Beirut_reaction > Mechanism in base The hydroxyl group is protonated similarly to step three (7), creating a good leaving group. Therefore, when the alpha hydrogen of the nitrogen atom and ether group (8) is extracted by the base, the flow of electrons creates two new carbo... |
Pavor nocturnus Diagnosis Pavor_nocturnus > Diagnosis The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for sleep terror disorder requires: Recurrent periods where the individual abruptly but not completely wakes from sleep, usually occurring during the first third major period of sleep. The individual experiences intense fear with a pani... |
Spectral expansion solution Summary Spectral_expansion_solution In probability theory, the spectral expansion solution method is a technique for computing the stationary probability distribution of a continuous-time Markov chain whose state space is a semi-infinite lattice strip. For example, an M/M/c queue where servi... |
Hilbert R-tree Packed Hilbert R-trees Hilbert_R-tree > Packed Hilbert R-trees The data is composed of points (the same points as given in Figure 1). By grouping the points according to their Hilbert values, the MBRs of the resulting R-tree nodes tend to be small square-like rectangles. This indicates that the nodes wil... |
Landé g-factor Summary Landé_g-factor In physics, the Landé g-factor is a particular example of a g-factor, namely for an electron with both spin and orbital angular momenta. It is named after Alfred Landé, who first described it in 1921.In atomic physics, the Landé g-factor is a multiplicative term appearing in the ex... |
Efficiency Efficiency and effectiveness Efficiency > Efficiency and effectiveness Efficiency is very often confused with effectiveness. In general, efficiency is a measurable concept, quantitatively determined by the ratio of useful output to total useful input. Effectiveness is the simpler concept of being able to ach... |
Earthquake engineering research Analytical/Numerical assessment Reinforced_masonry > Seismic performance > Seismic performance assessment > Analytical/Numerical assessment Basically, numerical analysis is conducted in order to evaluate the seismic performance of buildings. Performance evaluations are generally carried ... |
Embodied cognitive science Interaction of local environment Embodied_cognitive_science > The embodied cognitive approach > Interaction of local environment The pen and paper are so involved in the cognitive process of solving the problem that it seems ridiculous to say they are somehow different from the process, in ve... |
What-if analysis Related concepts What-if_analysis > Related concepts Sensitivity analysis is closely related with uncertainty analysis; while the latter studies the overall uncertainty in the conclusions of the study, sensitivity analysis tries to identify what source of uncertainty weighs more on the study's conclusi... |
Quantum Bayesian Copenhagen interpretations Quantum_Bayesian > Relation to other interpretations > Copenhagen interpretations QBism considers a measurement to be any action that an agent takes to elicit a response from the world and the outcome of that measurement to be the experience the world's response induces back ... |
Menstrual migraine Associated conditions Menstrual_migraine > Signs and symptoms > Associated conditions It is helpful in making a diagnosis to keep a diary of symptoms and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates. Raynaud's disease: is a circulatory disorder in which the smaller arteries that supply blood to the extremities –... |
Hashlife Hashing Hashlife > Hashlife > Hashing While a quadtree typically has far more overhead than other simpler representations (such as using a matrix of bits), it allows for various optimizations. As the name suggests, the algorithm uses hash tables to store the nodes of the quadtree. Many subpatterns in the tree ... |
Granular layer (cerebellum) Subdivisions Granular_layer_(cerebellum) > Structure > Gross anatomy > Subdivisions This sector of the cerebellum functions mainly to fine-tune body and limb movements. It receives proprioceptive input from the dorsal columns of the spinal cord (including the spinocerebellar tract) and from ... |
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion Anglicanism Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion > Religions > Christianity > By denomination > Anglicanism The mystery of the biblical story is that God also laments. Some Christians like to think of God as above all that, knowing everything, in charge of everything, ... |
Phagocytic cells Immunological tolerance Phagocytic_cell > Interactions with other cells > Immunological tolerance Some self reactive T cells escape the thymus for a number of reasons, mainly due to the lack of expression of some self antigens in the thymus. Another type of T cell; T regulatory cells can down regulate ... |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate > Biosynthesis > NADPH It appears in the last step of the electron chain of the light reactions of photosynthesis. It is used as reducing power for the biosynthetic reactions in the Calvin cycle to assimilate carbon dioxide an... |
Decoy flare Blackbody payloads Infrared_decoy_flare > Materials used > Pyrotechnic flares > Blackbody payloads Certain pyrotechnic compositions, for example MTV, give a great flame emission upon combustion and yield a temperature-dependent signature and can be understood as gray bodies of high emissivity ( e {\displays... |
Cognitive processing speed Drift-diffusion model Reaction_Time > Measurement and mathematical descriptions > Drift-diffusion model The drift-diffusion model (DDM) is a well-defined mathematical formulation to explain observed variance in response times and accuracy across trials in a (typically two-choice) reaction tim... |
Vitamin B 12 Pseudovitamin-B12 Vitamin_B_12 > Sources > Pseudovitamin-B12 To get a reliable reading of B12 content, more advanced techniques are available. One such technique involves pre-separation by silica gel and then assessment with B12-dependent E. coli bacteria.A related concept is antivitamin B12, compounds (of... |
Integer polynomial Solving equations Zero_polynomial > Equations > Solving equations {\displaystyle x^{2}-x-1=0.} In the ancient times, they succeeded only for degrees one and two. |
Evolution from Francis turbine to Kaplan turbine Changes Evolution_from_Francis_turbine_to_Kaplan_turbine > Changes U: Tangential velocity of the fluid. Vr: Relative velocity of the fluid after contact with rotor. Vw: Tangential component of V (absolute velocity), called Whirl velocity. |
TCP hole punching Summary TCP_hole_punching TCP NAT traversal and TCP hole punching (sometimes NAT punch-through) in computer networking occurs when two hosts behind a network address translation (NAT) are trying to connect to each other with outbound TCP connections. Such a scenario is particularly important in the ca... |
Noncovalent bond Dipole-induced dipole Noncovalent_interaction > Van der Waals forces > Dipole-induced dipole A dipole-induced dipole interaction (Debye force) is due to the approach of a molecule with a permanent dipole to another non-polar molecule with no permanent dipole. This approach causes the electrons of the n... |
Simple rational approximation Summary Simple_rational_approximation A divide-and-conquer algorithm to find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for various kinds of matrices is well known in numerical analysis. In a strict sense, SRA implies a specific interpolation using simple rational functions as a part of the divide-a... |
Hermitian symmetric domain Summary Hermitian_symmetric_domain In mathematics, a Hermitian symmetric space is a Hermitian manifold which at every point has an inversion symmetry preserving the Hermitian structure. First studied by Élie Cartan, they form a natural generalization of the notion of Riemannian symmetric spac... |
Topical antibiotic Summary Antibiotic However, both classes have the same goal of killing or preventing the growth of microorganisms, and both are included in antimicrobial chemotherapy. "Antibacterials" include antiseptic drugs, antibacterial soaps, and chemical disinfectants, whereas antibiotics are an important clas... |
Quantum measurement theory Quantum information and computation Quantum_measurement_theory > Quantum information and computation Quantum information science studies how information science and its application as technology depend on quantum-mechanical phenomena. Understanding measurement in quantum physics is important ... |
Nuclear fuel cycle Exploration Fuel_Cycle > Front end > Exploration The atomic nucleus of U-235 will nearly always fission when struck by a free neutron, and the isotope is therefore said to be a "fissile" isotope. The nucleus of a U-238 atom on the other hand, rather than undergoing fission when struck by a free neutr... |
Placoid scales Drag reduction Fish_scales > Placoid scales > Shark skin > Drag reduction This pushes the vortex further up from the surface, interacting only with the riblet tips, not causing any high-velocity flow in the valleys. Since this high-velocity flow now only interacts with the riblet-tip, which is a very sma... |
Causal loop diagram Summary Causal_loop_diagram Reinforcing loops are typically vicious or virtuous cycles. Example of positive reinforcing loop: The amount of the Bank Balance will affect the amount of the Earned Interest, as represented by the top blue arrow, pointing from Bank Balance to Earned Interest. Since an in... |
Electromagnetic system of units Summary Electromagnetic_system_of_units For example, the CGS unit of force is the dyne, which is defined as 1 g⋅cm/s2, so the SI unit of force, the newton (1 kg⋅m/s2), is equal to 100000 dynes. On the other hand, in measurements of electromagnetic phenomena (involving units of charge, el... |
Protein domain Summary Structural_domain In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may app... |
Molisch's test Procedure Molisch's_test > Procedure The test solution is combined with a small amount of Molisch's reagent (α-naphthol dissolved in ethanol) in a test tube. After mixing, a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added down the sides of the sloping test-tube, without mixing, to form a layer... |
Long-term memories Neurodegenerative diseases Long-term_memory > Disorders of memory > Neurodegenerative diseases Currently, these illnesses are irreversible, but research into stem cells, psychopharmacology, and genetic engineering holds much promise. Those with Alzheimer's disease generally display symptoms such as g... |
Planets of the solar system Satellites Planets_of_the_solar_system > Satellites Several of these were once in equilibrium but are no longer: these include Earth's moon and all of the moons listed for Saturn apart from Titan and Rhea. The status of Callisto, Titan, and Rhea is uncertain, as is that of the moons of Uranu... |
Critical line theorem Arguments for and against the Riemann hypothesis Critical_line_(mathematics) > Arguments for and against the Riemann hypothesis Similarly Selberg zeta functions satisfy the analogue of the Riemann hypothesis, and are in some ways similar to the Riemann zeta function, having a functional equation a... |
Consistent hashing Complexity Consistent_hashing > Complexity The O ( K / N ) {\displaystyle O(K/N)} is an average cost for redistribution of keys and the O ( log N ) {\displaystyle O(\log N)} complexity for consistent hashing comes from the fact that a binary search among nodes angles is required to find the next no... |
Epileptic seizures Stress Epileptic_seizure > Causes > Stress These hormones act on both excitatory and inhibitory neural synapses, resulting in hyper-excitability of neurons in the brain. The hippocampus is known to be a region that is highly sensitive to stress and prone to seizures. This is where mediators of stress... |
Church's theorem Completeness theorem Church's_theorem > Completeness theorem By the completeness theorem of first-order logic, a statement is universally valid if and only if it can be deduced from the axioms, so the Entscheidungsproblem can also be viewed as asking for an algorithm to decide whether a given statement... |
KMC Controls Summary KMC_Controls KMC Controls (formerly Kreuter Manufacturing Company) has designed and manufactured HVAC control system products and building automation systems since 1969. KMC was one of the early privately held controls manufacturer with a full line of digital, electronic, and pneumatic products in ... |
Standard Parasitic Exchange Format The Difference Between Parasitic Data Formats Standard_Parasitic_Exchange_Format > The Difference Between Parasitic Data Formats SPEF is smaller than SPF and DSPF because the names are mapped to integers to reduce file size. SBPF is a Synopsys binary format supported by PrimeTime. Par... |
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