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Injection locking Entrainment Injection_locked_oscillator > Entrainment Such mode locking is important for many biological systems including the proper operation of pacemakers.The use of the word entrainment in the modern physics literature most often refers to the movement of one fluid, or collection of particulates, ... |
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy Summary Spatially_offset_Raman_spectroscopy The technique usually uses the red-shifted photons produced by monochromatic light losing energy to a vibrational motion within a molecule. The shift in colour and the probability of inelastic scatter is characteristic of the molecule that ... |
Sea of electrons In 3D Metallic_bonding > The nature of metallic bonding > In 3D In a sense, metallic bonding is not a 'new' type of bonding at all. It describes the bonding only as present in a chunk of condensed matter: be it crystalline solid, liquid, or even glass. Metallic vapors, in contrast, are often atomic (Hg... |
Conventional current Current density and Ohm's law Electric_polarity > Current density and Ohm's law For negative charges, the sign of the current density is opposite to the velocity of the charges. : 749 In SI units, current density (symbol: j) is expressed in the SI base units of amperes per square metre. : 22 In lin... |
Methodology of science Uncertainty Scientific_process > Elements of the scientific method > Characterizations > Uncertainty Measurements in scientific work are also usually accompanied by estimates of their uncertainty. The uncertainty is often estimated by making repeated measurements of the desired quantity. Uncertai... |
Three-center four-electron bond Molecular orbital description 3-center_4-electron_bond > Structure and bonding > Molecular orbital description The σ molecular orbitals (MOs) of triiodide can be constructed by considering the in-phase and out-of-phase combinations of the central atom's p orbital (collinear with the bond... |
Psychoneuroimmunology The immune-brain loop Psychoneuroimmunology > The immune-brain loop Two major pathways are involved in this cross-talk: the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), via the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM axis). The activation of SNS during ... |
Respirometry Mitochondrial metabolic rates Respirometry > Mitochondrial metabolic rates Therefore, chemicals that usually would not be able to cross the cell membrane can directly influence the mitochondria. By the permeabilization of the cellular membrane, the cell stops to exist as a living, defined organism, leaving... |
Janet basis Generating a Janet basis Janet_basis > Generating a Janet basis the remaining equations of the system it does not vanish it is included as a new equation to the system. It may be shown that repeating these operations always terminates after a finite number of steps with a unique answer which is called the J... |
Variable scope Naming conventions Variable_(computing) > Naming conventions Some languages reserve certain forms of variable names for their own internal use; in many languages, names beginning with two underscores ("__") often fall under this category. However, beyond the basic restrictions imposed by a language, the ... |
Communication privacy management theory Summary Communication_privacy_management_theory Once a disclosure is made, the negotiation of privacy rules between the two parties is required. A distressing sense of "boundary turbulence" can arise when clashing expectations for privacy management are identified. Having the men... |
Multidimensional empirical mode decomposition Concept Multidimensional_empirical_mode_decomposition > Boundary processing in bidimensional empirical decomposition > Concept There are some problems in BEMD and boundary extending implementation in the iterative sifting process, including time-consuming, shape and continu... |
Mitochondrial genes Susceptibility Mitochondrial_DNA > Mutations and disease > Susceptibility Moreover, mitochondria evolved a unique mechanism which maintains mtDNA integrity through degradation of excessively damaged genomes followed by replication of intact/repaired mtDNA. This mechanism is not present in the nucleu... |
Earthworm Central nervous system Earthworm > Anatomy > Nervous system > Central nervous system This arrangement means the brain, sub-pharyngeal ganglia and the circum-pharyngeal connectives form a nerve ring around the pharynx. The ventral nerve cord (formed by nerve cells and nerve fibers) begins at the sub-pharyngeal... |
Iodous acid Iodous acid Iodous_acid > Iodous acid Iodous acid is acid form of the iodite ion, with the formula HIO2. |
Locally constant Examples Locally_constant_function > Examples Every constant function is locally constant. The converse will hold if its domain is a connected space. Every locally constant function from the real numbers R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } to R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is constant, by the connectedness ... |
Reverse-flow cylinder head Advantages Reverse-flow_cylinder_head > Advantages The main advantage of the reverse-flow cylinder head is that both the entering inlet charge and the exiting exhaust gas cause a tendency to swirl in the same direction in the combustion chamber. In a crossflow head the inlet and exhaust gases... |
Glossary of genetics (0–L) E Glossary_of_gene_expression_terms > E A form of gene action, epistasis can be either additive or multiplicative in its effects on specific phenotypic traits. ergosome See polysome. euchromatin Also open chromatin. |
State switching Scale-free Networks State_switching > Scale-free Networks Until the 1990s, it was tacitly assumed that most networks adopt a random architecture wherein an edge (connection) between each pair of nodes has equal probability, independent of the other edges (Erdős–Rényi model). However, pioneering work by ... |
Bosanquet equation Summary Bosanquet_equation In the theory of capillarity, Bosanquet equation is an improved modification of the simpler Lucas–Washburn theory for the motion of a liquid in a thin capillary tube or a porous material that can be approximated as a large collection of capillaries. In the Lucas–Washburn mo... |
Generalized derivative Fréchet derivative Generalized_derivative > Fréchet derivative The Fréchet derivative defines the derivative for general normed vector spaces V , W {\displaystyle V,W} . Briefly, a function f: U → W {\displaystyle f:U\to W} , U {\displaystyle U} an open subset of V {\displaystyle V} , is called F... |
Adiabatic invariant Summary Adiabatic_invariant A property of a physical system, such as the entropy of a gas, that stays approximately constant when changes occur slowly is called an adiabatic invariant. By this it is meant that if a system is varied between two end points, as the time for the variation between the en... |
Ada (programming language) Concurrency Ada_(programming_language) > Language constructs > Concurrency A protected object consists of encapsulated private data (which can only be accessed from within the protected object), and procedures, functions and entries which are guaranteed to be mutually exclusive (with the only... |
Section formula Midpoint formula Section_formula > Midpoint formula The midpoint of a line segment divides it internally in the ratio 1: 1 {\textstyle 1:1} . Applying the Section formula for internal division: |
Reverse causation Third factor C (the common-causal variable) causes both A and B Reverse_causation > Examples of illogically inferring causation from correlation > Third factor C (the common-causal variable) causes both A and B Ice cream is sold during the hot summer months at a much greater rate than during colder ti... |
Thermoelastic damping Definition Thermoelastic_damping > Definition In any vibrating structure, the strain field causes a change in the internal energy such that compressed region becomes hotter (assuming a positive coefficient of thermal expansion) and extended region becomes cooler. The mechanism responsible for ther... |
Glossary of geography terms (N–Z) O Glossary_of_geography_terms_(N–Z) > O ocean trench A long, narrow, very deep depression in the ocean floor where, at the junction of two tectonic plates, one plate is subducted steeply beneath the other, often penetrating the mantle. oceanography Also oceanology. The scientific study... |
Barker hypothesis Historical overview Barker_hypothesis > Historical overview The term Thrifty Phenotype was first coined by Charles Nicholas Hales and David Barker in a study published in 1992. In their study, the authors reviewed the literature up to and addressed five central questions regarding role of different fa... |
Chart Chart software Chart > Chart software While charts can be drawn by hand, computer software is often used to automatically produce a chart based on entered data. For examples of commonly used software tools, see List of charting software. |
Rheumatic arthritis Kidneys Rheumatic_arthritis > Signs and symptoms > Other > Kidneys Renal amyloidosis can occur as a consequence of untreated chronic inflammation. Treatment with penicillamine or gold salts such as sodium aurothiomalate are recognized causes of membranous nephropathy. |
List of file systems Distributed fault-tolerant file systems List_of_file_systems > Distributed file systems > Distributed fault-tolerant file systems InterMezzo from Cluster File Systems uses synchronization over HTTP. Available for Linux under GPL but no longer in development since the developers are working on Lustr... |
Surjective map Summary Surjective_function Every surjective function has a right inverse assuming the axiom of choice, and every function with a right inverse is necessarily a surjection. The composition of surjective functions is always surjective. Any function can be decomposed into a surjection and an injection. |
Dyson series Summary Dyson_series In scattering theory, a part of mathematical physics, the Dyson series, formulated by Freeman Dyson, is a perturbative expansion of the time evolution operator in the interaction picture. Each term can be represented by a sum of Feynman diagrams. This series diverges asymptotically, bu... |
Partial molar Gibbs free energy Summary Partial_molar_property In thermodynamics, a partial molar property is a quantity which describes the variation of an extensive property of a solution or mixture with changes in the molar composition of the mixture at constant temperature and pressure. It is the partial derivative... |
Low-energy building Lighting and electrical appliances High_performance_building > Technology > Lighting and electrical appliances To minimize total primary energy consumption, passive and active daylighting are the first daytime solutions to employ. For low-light days, non-daylight spaces and nighttime, sustainable li... |
Arginine vasopressin Production and secretion Anti-diuretic_hormone > Physiology > Production and secretion The physiological stimulus for secretion of vasopressin is increased osmolality of the plasma, monitored by the hypothalamus. A decreased arterial blood volume, (such as can occur in cirrhosis, nephrosis, and hea... |
Minigene History Minigene > History Minigenes were first described as the somatic assembly of DNA segments and consisted of DNA regions known to encode the protein and the flanking regions required to express the protein. The term was first used in a paper in 1977 to describe the cloning of two minigenes that were desi... |
Congenital nephrotic syndrome Prognosis Congenital_nephrotic_syndrome > Prognosis Congenital nephrotic syndrome can be successfully controlled with early diagnosis and aggressive treatment including albumin infusions, nephrectomy, and medications. Affected children have rapid decline in kidney function resulting in end... |
Hypothyroidism Epidemiology Hypothyroidism > Epidemiology 2–4% of people with subclinical hypothyroidism will progress to overt hypothyroidism each year. The risk is higher in those with antibodies against thyroid peroxidase. Subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to affect approximately 2% of children; in adults, sub... |
Dead Cells Summary Dead_Cells As the Prisoner, the player must fight their way out of a diseased island in order to slay the island's King. The player gains weapons, treasure and other tools through exploration of the procedurally-generated levels, using them to fight various mutated creatures. Dead Cells features a pe... |
Homeostasis Arterial blood pressure Homeostatic_response > Controls of variables > Arterial blood pressure The brain can regulate blood flow over a range of blood pressure values by vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the arteries.High pressure receptors called baroreceptors in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid... |
Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis Disease Tuberculous_cervical_lymphadenitis > Disease Unlike the adult cases, only 8% of cases in children are tuberculous. With the stark decrease of tuberculosis in the second half of the 20th century, scrofula became a less common disease in adults, but remained common in children... |
Alloimmunity T-lymphocytes Alloimmunity > Mechanisms of rejection > T-lymphocytes These cells may represent a serious problem after the transplantation. As the effect of being exposed to various infections in the past, antigen-specific T-lymphocytes have developed in patient's body. Part of them is kept in organism as ... |
Privacy by design Full functionality – positive-sum, not zero-sum Privacy_by_design > Foundational principles > Principles in detail > Full functionality – positive-sum, not zero-sum Privacy by design seeks to accommodate all legitimate interests and objectives in a positive-sum “win-win” manner, not through a dated, z... |
Surface area of a sphere Properties of the sphere Sphere > Properties > Properties of the sphere At any point on a surface a normal direction is at right angles to the surface because on the sphere these are the lines radiating out from the center of the sphere. The intersection of a plane that contains the normal with... |
Market equilibrium computation Definitions Market_equilibrium_computation > Definitions A bundle is represented by a vector x = x 1 , … , x m {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} =x_{1},\dots ,x_{m}} , where x j {\displaystyle x_{j}} is the quantity of resource j {\displaystyle j} . When resources are indivisible, all xj are int... |
Visual attention Multitasking and divided Visual_attention > Multitasking and divided Multitasking can be defined as the attempt to perform two or more tasks simultaneously; however, research shows that when multitasking, people make more mistakes or perform their tasks more slowly. Attention must be divided among all ... |
GATA transcription factor Summary GATA_transcription_factor One way that has been suggested is that the GATA transcription factor lowers the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell. This creates an unfavorable chemical environment for the breast cancer cells because usually they require high levels of ATP to ... |
Power series Summary Power_series In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form where an represents the coefficient of the nth term and c is a constant. Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fac... |
Kinetic Traction Systems Technology Kinetic_Traction_Systems > Technology Kinetic Traction Systems' main product uses flywheel energy storage technology developed by Pentadyne Power Corp; staff from Pentadyne joined Kinetic. The 36000 RPM flywheels are originally based on uranium centrifuge technology developed by Uren... |
Price action trading Opposite twin (down-up or up-down twin) Price_action_trading > Opposite twin (down-up or up-down twin) This is two consecutive trend bars in opposite directions with similar sized bodies and similar sized tails. It is a reversal signal when it appears in a trend. It is equivalent to a single revers... |
Pressure regulators Operation Pressure_regulator > Pressure reducing regulator > Operation This loading can be provided by a weight, a spring, a piston actuator, or the diaphragm actuator in combination with a spring. The measuring element functions to determine when the inlet flow is equal to the outlet flow. The diap... |
Roger Adams Academic career Roger_Adams > Academic career During this time, Adams made several well-known discoveries. Roger Adams and his students developed the so-called Adams' catalyst, which is one of the most readily-prepared and active catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. The catalyst can be prepared by fusing ... |
Classifier constructions in sign languages Summary Classifier_constructions_in_sign_languages This is because they are often iconic (non-arbitrary). It has also been found that many unrelated sign languages use similar handshapes for specific entities. |
Drug Master File DMFs in Europe Drug_Master_File > DMFs in Europe The content and the format for drug master file used in United States differs from that used in European Countries to obtain market authorization (MA). The Main Objective of the EDMF is to support regulatory requirements of a medicinal product to prove i... |
Main effect Estimating Main Effects Main_effect > Estimating Main Effects In factorial designs, thus two levels each of factor A and B in a factorial design, the main effects of two factors say A and B be can be calculated. The main effect of A is given by A = 1 2 n {\displaystyle A={1 \over 2n}} The main effect of B ... |
Myelodysplastic syndrome Summary Myelodysplastic_syndromes Problems with blood cell formation result in some combination of low red blood cell, platelet, and white blood cell counts. Some types of MDS cause an increase in the production of immature blood cells (called blasts), in the bone marrow or blood. The different... |
Stanley Corrsin Principal works Stanley_Corrsin > Principal works Corrsin worked in both experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics. He made a number of fundamental contributions to the study of turbulence, enhancing the understanding of turbulent mixing and the interfaces between turbulent and nonturbulent fluid. In ... |
Paradoxes of infinity Physics Paradoxes_of_infinity > Physics Cool tropics paradox: A contradiction between modelled estimates of tropical temperatures during warm, ice-free periods of the Cretaceous and Eocene, and the lower temperatures that proxies suggest were present. Irresistible force paradox: What would happen ... |
Eukaryotic DNA replication Elongation Eukaryotic_DNA_replication > Elongation These free nucleotides are added to an exposed 3'-hydroxyl group on the last incorporated nucleotide. In this reaction, a pyrophosphate is released from the free dNTP, generating energy for the polymerization reaction and exposing the 5' mono... |
Force concentration Summary Force_concentration Force concentration is the practice of concentrating a military force so as to bring to bear such overwhelming force against a portion of an enemy force that the disparity between the two forces alone acts as a force multiplier in favour of the concentrated forces. |
History of the Church–Turing thesis Breger and problem of tacit axioms History_of_the_Church–Turing_thesis > Breger and problem of tacit axioms He formulated this axiom as follows: "I have the capacity to think of objects, and to denote them by means of simple symbols like a, b,..., x, y,..., so that they can be recogn... |
Bibliography of biology Evolutionary biology Bibliography_of_biology > Evolutionary biology ISBN 978-0-674-63940-9.Critically revisits Haeckel's idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. Gould presents heterochrony as a concept that allows us to describe the majority of developmental processes in evolution. This book... |
Glossary of genetics (M–Z) N Glossary_of_genetics_(M–Z) > N Long sequences of nucleotides are the principal means by which biological systems store genetic information, and therefore the accurate replication, transcription, and translation of such sequences is of the utmost importance, lest the information be lost or c... |
Tarski finiteness Other concepts of finiteness Tarski_finiteness > Set-theoretic definitions of finiteness > Other concepts of finiteness In ZF set theory without the axiom of choice, the following concepts of finiteness for a set S are distinct. They are arranged in strictly decreasing order of strength, i.e. if a set... |
Carcinoembryonic antigen Diagnostic significance Carcinoembryonic_antigen > Diagnostic significance CEA levels may also be raised in gastric carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma, as well as some non-neoplastic conditions like ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis... |
Expanded octet Alternative definition Expanded_octet > Alternative definition Durrant has proposed an alternative definition of hypervalency, based on the analysis of atomic charge maps obtained from atoms in molecules theory. This approach defines a parameter called the valence electron equivalent, γ, as “the formal s... |
Acid growth Summary Acid_growth A typical sequence leading up to this would involve the introduction of a plant hormone (auxin, for example) that causes protons (H+ ions) to be pumped out of the cell into the cell wall. As a result, the cell wall solution becomes more acidic. It was suggested by different scientist tha... |
Universal hashing Hashing integers Universal_hashing > Constructions > Hashing integers As a result, the statistical distance to a uniform family is O ( m / p ) {\displaystyle O(m/p)} , which becomes negligible when p ≫ m {\displaystyle p\gg m} . The family of simpler hash functions h a ( x ) = ( a x mod p ) mod m {\di... |
Minority carrier lifetime Bipolar junction transistors Carrier_lifetime > Applications > Bipolar junction transistors For other modes of operation, like that of fast switching, a high recombination rate (and thus a short carrier lifetime) is desirable. The desired mode of operation, and the associated properties of the... |
Nim (programming language) Compiler options Nim_(programming_language) > Compiler > Compiler options By default, the Nim compiler creates a debug build. With the option -d:release a release build can be created, which is optimized for speed and contains fewer runtime checks. With the option -d:danger all runtime checks... |
Geometrical product specification Dimensioning and tolerancing philosophy Geometric_Dimensioning_and_Tolerancing > Dimensioning and tolerancing philosophy According to the ASME Y14.5-2009 standard, the purpose of GD&T is to describe the engineering intent of parts and assemblies. The datum reference frame can describe ... |
Verification and validation of computer simulation models ASME Standards Verification_and_validation_of_computer_simulation_models > ASME Standards Documents and standards involving verification and validation of computational modeling and simulation are developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) ... |
Coptic language Fayyumic Coptic_language > Dialects > Lower Egypt > Fayyumic Fayyumic (also written as Faiyumic; in older works it is often called Bashmuric) was spoken primarily in the Faiyum west of the Nile Valley. It is attested from the 3rd to the 10th centuries. It is most notable for writing ⲗ (which corresponds... |
Gbcast Bi-simulation equivalence to Paxos Gbcast > Bi-simulation equivalence to Paxos Both protocols permit batching of requests: Basic Paxos has a concurrency parameter, alpha: a leader can concurrently run a maximum of alpha instances of the protocol. Gbcast permits the leader to propose multiple events in a single p... |
Alkalinity Summary Alkalinity Alkalinity (from Arabic: القلوي, romanized: al-qaly, lit. 'ashes of the saltwort') is the capacity of water to resist acidification. It should not be confused with basicity, which is an absolute measurement on the pH scale. Alkalinity is the strength of a buffer solution composed of weak a... |
Metaphase I In life cycles Anaphase_I > Occurrence > In life cycles The haploid organism's gamete then combines with another haploid organism's gamete, creating the zygote. The zygote undergoes repeated mitosis and differentiation to become a diploid organism again. The haplodiplontic life cycle can be considered a fus... |
Google Chart API Summary Google_Chart_API Originally the API was Google's internal tool to support rapid embedding of charts within Google's own applications (like Google Finance for example). Google figured it would be a useful tool to open up to web developers. It officially launched on December 6, 2007. |
Data diplomacy Database diplomacy Data_diplomacy > Practical applications > Database diplomacy The term "Database Diplomacy" was the title of an article first published by Amy Helen Johnson in 2000 about Metagon Technologies LCC's development of a system to connect disparate databases and allow end users to build repor... |
FADD Inflammation FADD > Functions > Inflammation Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling leads to transcription of various proinflammatory cytokines as well as anti-apoptotic genes. It was found that NFκB signalling was inhibited in FADD-deficient cells after stimulation of the TNF-R1 or Fas receptors. ... |
Emergent evolution Robert G. B. Reid Emergent_evolution > Emergent evolution > Robert G. B. Reid Pigliucci noted a dubious claim in the book is that natural selection has no role in evolution. It was positively reviewed by biologist Alexander Badyaev who commented that "the book succeeds in drawing attention to an unde... |
Fixed wing aircraft Free-flying aircraft controls Fixed-wing_aircraft > Characteristics > Aircraft controls > Free-flying aircraft controls Gliders and airplanes have more complex control systems, especially if they are piloted. The main controls allow the pilot to direct the aircraft in the air. Typically these are: T... |
Virtual battlefield The simulation spectrum Virtual_battlefield > The simulation spectrum Manual simulations have probably been in use in some form since mankind first went to war. Chess can be regarded as a form of military simulation (although its precise origins are debated). In more recent times, the forerunner of ... |
Electronically controlled unit injector Summary Electronically_controlled_unit_injector An electronically controlled unit injector (EUI) is a unit injector (UI) with electronic control. It performs the same function as a conventional unit injector in an internal combustion engine, such as in an on-road or off-road vehi... |
Nutrient budgeting Assumptions Nutrient_budgeting > Assumptions Yield history may also help better predict the amount of uptake that will occur with similar crops planted in the future. Previous applications Knowing what's been applied to the field in years past will offer insight into what may already be in the ground... |
Dither Usage Dither > Digital audio > Usage In a seminal paper published in the AES Journal, Lipshitz and Vanderkooy pointed out that different noise types, with different probability density functions (PDFs) behave differently when used as dither signals, and suggested optimal levels of dither signal for audio. Gaussi... |
RAFT (chemistry) Summary RAFT_(chemistry) Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer or RAFT polymerization is one of several kinds of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. It makes use of a chain-transfer agent (CTA) in the form of a thiocarbonylthio compound (or similar, from here on referred to as a ... |
Bird's wing High aspect ratio wings Bird's_wing > Wing shape > High aspect ratio wings High aspect ratio (elongated) wings confer high flight efficiency for flights of long duration. When combined with a low wing loading, they are used for slow flight. This may take the form of almost hovering (as used by kestrels, ter... |
Logic family Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) Logic_family > Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) The German physicist Walter H. Schottky formulated a theory predicting the Schottky effect, which led to the Schottky diode and later Schottky transistors. For the same power dissipation, Schottky transistors have a faster s... |
Structural engineering theory Euler–Bernoulli beam equation Structural_engineering_theory > Euler–Bernoulli beam equation Successive derivatives of w {\displaystyle w} have important meanings: w {\displaystyle \textstyle {w}\,} is the deflection. d w d x {\displaystyle \textstyle {\frac {dw}{dx}}\,} is the slope of the... |
Hyperelastic material Summary Hyperelastic_material Filled elastomers and biological tissues are also often modeled via the hyperelastic idealization. Ronald Rivlin and Melvin Mooney developed the first hyperelastic models, the Neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin solids. Many other hyperelastic models have since been develop... |
Physical simulation Euler model Physical_simulation > Euler model The inertial model is much more complex than we typically need but it is the most simple to use. In this model, we do not need to change our forces or constrain our system. However, if we make a few intelligent changes to our system, simulation will beco... |
Law of reciprocal proportions Summary Law_of_reciprocal_proportions The law of reciprocal proportions, also called law of equivalent proportions or law of permanent ratios, is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry. It relates the proportions in which elements combine across a number of different elements. It was first... |
Anthropic units In measurement Anthropic_units > In measurement Following the coinage of the term "anthropic principle" by Brandon Carter in 1973–4, units of measurement that are on a human scale are occasionally referred to as "anthropic units", as for example here: "… the metre and kilogram occupy a reasonably centra... |
Local system Applications Homology_with_local_coefficients > Applications The cohomology with local coefficients in the module corresponding to the orientation covering can be used to formulate Poincaré duality for non-orientable manifolds: see Twisted Poincaré duality. |
Strings theory Background independence String_theorist > Criticism > Background independence New physical theories are often discovered using a mathematical language that is not the most suitable for them... In string theory, it has always been clear that the physics is background-independent even if the language being... |
Water-repellent glass Mechanical durability Water-repellent_glass > Properties > Mechanical durability Additionally, films formed on top of silica were more durable than films formed on soda-lime glass.The WRG's mechanical durability can also be increased by a larger density of reaction sites per surface area. An incre... |
Spacetime geometry Time dilation and length contraction Spacetime_geometry > Spacetime in special relativity > Time dilation and length contraction This illustrates the phenomenon known as time dilation. Clocks that travel faster take longer (in the observer frame) to tick out the same amount of proper time, and they t... |
Periodic table of elements Atomic radius Periodic_table_of_chemical_elements > Periodic trends > Atomic radius The 4p and 5d atoms, coming immediately after new types of transition series are first introduced, are smaller than would have been expected, because the added core 3d and 4f subshells provide only incomplete ... |
Gab operon Summary Gab_operon The gab operon has been characterized in Escherichia coli and significant homologies for the enzymes have been found in organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rats and humans.Limited nitrogen conditions activate the gab genes. The enzymes produced by these genes convert GABA to succin... |
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