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Accessible housing United States Accessible_housing > United States In the United States, the 1988 Amendments to the Fair Housing Act added people with disabilities, as well as familial status, to the classes already protected by law from discrimination (race, color, gender, religion, creed, and country of origin). Amo... |
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar Persistent scatterer InSAR Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar > Technique > Persistent scatterer InSAR Some research centres and companies, were inspired to develop variations of their own algorithms which would also overcome InSAR's limitations. In scientific literature, ... |
History of tuberculosis Books History_of_tuberculosis > References > Books Debus, Allen G. (2001). Chemistry and Medical Debate: Van Helmont to Boerhaave. |
Group Theory Applications of group theory Abstract_group > Applications of group theory Applications of group theory abound. Almost all structures in abstract algebra are special cases of groups. Rings, for example, can be viewed as abelian groups (corresponding to addition) together with a second operation (correspond... |
Phosphide iodide Summary Phosphide_iodide Related compounds include the phosphide chlorides, arsenide iodides antimonide iodides and phosphide bromides. Phosphorus can form clusters or chains in these compounds, so that some are 1-dimensional or fibrous. Phosphide iodides are often metallic, black or dark red in colour... |
Megakaryocyte Essential thrombocythemia Megakaryocyte > Clinical significance > Essential thrombocythemia Approximately half ET cases are due to a mutation in the JAK2 protein, a member of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This mutation induces an unregulated proliferative signal from the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor in... |
Menopause Mechanism Menopause > Mechanism The menopausal transition, and postmenopause itself, is a natural change, not usually a disease state or a disorder. The main cause of this transition is the natural depletion and aging of the finite amount of oocytes (ovarian reserve). This process is sometimes accelerated by ... |
Metabolic pathway Catabolic pathway (catabolism) Biochemical_pathways > Major metabolic pathways > Catabolic pathway (catabolism) Coupled with an endergonic reaction of anabolism, the cell can synthesize new macromolecules using the original precursors of the anabolic pathway. An example of a coupled reaction is the ph... |
Muffin-tin approximation Summary Muffin_tin_approximation One application is found in the variational theory developed by Jan Korringa (1947) and by Walter Kohn and N. Rostoker (1954) referred to as the KKR method. This method has been adapted to treat random materials as well, where it is called the KKR coherent poten... |
Top level domain Pseudo-domains Top_level_domain > Pseudo-domains One notable exception is the 2007 emergence of SWIFTNet Mail, which uses the swift pseudo-domain.The anonymity network Tor formerly used the top-level pseudo-domain .onion for onion services, which can only be reached with a Tor client because it uses th... |
Regenerative Medicine Non-technical further reading Regenerative_Medicine > Further reading > Non-technical further reading Regenerative Medicine, gives more details about Regenerative Stem Cells. Cogle CR; Guthrie SM; Sanders RC; Allen WL; Scott EW; Petersen BE (August 2003). "An overview of stem cell research and reg... |
Multiplicative number theory Methods Multiplicative_number_theory > Methods The methods belong primarily to analytic number theory, but elementary methods, especially sieve methods, are also very important. The large sieve and exponential sums are usually considered part of multiplicative number theory. The distributio... |
Solid aluminum capacitor (SAL) Construction SAL_electrolytic_capacitor > Construction Basic anode material of solid aluminum capacitors exists of highly purified aluminum with a purity of at least 99.99%. In an electrochemical process the anode material is etched (roughened) to increase the effective electrode surface.... |
Semigroup algebra Augmentation Semigroup_ring > Augmentation The augmentation is the ring homomorphism η: R → R defined by η ( ∑ g ∈ G r g g ) = ∑ g ∈ G r g . {\displaystyle \eta \left(\sum _{g\in G}r_{g}g\right)=\sum _{g\in G}r_{g}.} The kernel of η is called the augmentation ideal. It is a free R-module with basis co... |
Recursive step Formal definitions Recursive_structure > Formal definitions By this base case and recursive rule, one can generate the set of all natural numbers. Other recursively defined mathematical objects include factorials, functions (e.g., recurrence relations), sets (e.g., Cantor ternary set), and fractals. Ther... |
Forensic identification DNA identification Forensic_identification > Human identification > Primary methods > DNA identification It is also used to link suspects or victims to each other or to crime scenes. When a sample is located at a crime scene, it must be collected, processed, and transported, along with a chain o... |
Critical line theorem Consequences of the generalized Riemann hypothesis Riemann_Hypothesis > Consequences > Consequences of the generalized Riemann hypothesis Several applications use the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet L-series or zeta functions of number fields rather than just the Riemann hypothesis. M... |
Blood in stool Specific treatment Blood_in_stool > Treatment > Specific treatment Diagnostic measures can be used as interventions to help stop bleeding in some cases. Bleeding that occurs due to a neoplasm (cancer growth) can be treated using colonoscopy and clipping, surgical intervention, or other measures, dependin... |
Histidine kinase Role in bacteria infections Histidine_kinase > Role in bacteria infections Similar to fungus, Two component systems can also be found in several persistent bacteria infections. For example, Staphylococcus aureus was reported to use SrrAB TCSs consisting of a sensor HKs (SrrB), which would transfer phos... |
Available energy A historical and cultural tangent Exergy > Mathematical description > A historical and cultural tangent In 1848, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, asked (and immediately answered) the question Is there any principle on which an absolute thermometric scale can be founded? It appears to me that Carnot's... |
Infrared eye Infrared Financial Messaging Infrared_Data_Association > Specifications > Infrared Financial Messaging Infrared Financial Messaging (IrFM) is a wireless payment standard developed by the Infrared Data Association. It was thought to be logical because of the excellent privacy of IrDA, which does not pass th... |
Markov Decision Processes Linear programming formulation Markov_Decision_Processes > Continuous-time Markov decision process > Linear programming formulation If the state space and action space are finite, we could use linear programming to find the optimal policy, which was one of the earliest approaches applied. Here... |
Maxwell's theory Auxiliary fields, polarization and magnetization Maxwell's_field_equations > Macroscopic formulation > Auxiliary fields, polarization and magnetization The definitions of the auxiliary fields are: where P is the polarization field and M is the magnetization field, which are defined in terms of microsco... |
Long double Implementations Long_double > long double in C > Implementations As of gcc 4.3, a quadruple precision is also supported on x86, but as the nonstandard type __float128 rather than long double.Although the x86 architecture, and specifically the x87 floating-point instructions on x86, supports 80-bit extended-... |
Stress (biology) Biological need for equilibrium Stress_(biology) > Biological need for equilibrium The brain cannot live in an harsh family environment, it needs some sort of stability between another brain. People who have reported being raised in harsh environments such as verbal and physical aggression have showed ... |
Evolutionary graph theory Summary Evolutionary_graph_theory We may consider the mutant population on a graph as a random walk between absorbing barriers representing mutant extinction and mutant fixation. For highly symmetric graphs, we can then use martingales to find the fixation probability as illustrated by Monk (2... |
Liver metabolism Microscopic anatomy Fetal_liver > Structure > Microscopic anatomy The portal triad consists of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the common bile duct. The triad may be seen on a liver ultrasound, as a Mickey Mouse sign with the portal vein as the head, and the hepatic artery, and the common bile... |
Methocarbamol Metabolism Methocarbamol > Pharmacology > Metabolism Methocarbamol is the carbamate derivative of guaifenesin, but does not produce guaifenesin as a metabolite, because the carbamate bond is not hydrolyzed metabolically; its metabolism is by Phase I ring hydroxylation and O-demethylation, followed by Phas... |
Normal matrix Normal matrix analogy Normal_matrix > Normal matrix analogy It is occasionally useful (but sometimes misleading) to think of the relationships of special kinds of normal matrices as analogous to the relationships of the corresponding type of complex numbers of which their eigenvalues are composed. This is... |
Quantum field effect transistor Structure and device operation Quantum_field_effect_transistor > Structure and device operation Quantum wires are essentially channels in a 1D system, providing a tighter carrier confinement and a predictable current flow.Traditional MOSFETs, constructed with a silicon dioxide layer on t... |
Abstract data type Example: abstract stack (functional) Abstract_data_type > Defining an abstract data type > Functional-style definition > Example: abstract stack (functional) For example, a complete functional-style definition of an abstract stack could use the three operations: push: takes a stack state and an arbit... |
Momentum curtain Summary Momentum_curtain Cockerell used the idea of pumped air under a hull (this then becoming a plenum, i.e. the opposite of a vacuum) and improved upon it further. Simply pumping air between a hull and the ground wasted a lot of energy in terms of leakage of air around the edges of the hull. Cockere... |
K-theory of a category Summary K-theory_of_a_category In algebraic K-theory, the K-theory of a category C (usually equipped with some kind of additional data) is a sequence of abelian groups Ki(C) associated to it. If C is an abelian category, there is no need for extra data, but in general it only makes sense to speak... |
Neurokinin A Immune system Neurokinin_A > Mechanism of action > Immune system The immune system is a highly integrated system which receives input from many sources, such as sites of injury, nociceptors and white blood cells. Chemical signals therefore are an important component of paracrine, autocrine and endocrine si... |
Closed- loop Main control strategies Closed_loop_control > Main control strategies The first can more explicitly take into account constraints on the signals in the system, which is an important feature in many industrial processes. However, the "optimal control" structure in MPC is only a means to achieve such a resul... |
Predator-prey dynamics Biological interpretation and model assumptions Predator-prey_dynamics > Biological interpretation and model assumptions The term δxy represents the growth of the predator population. (Note the similarity to the predation rate; however, a different constant is used, as the rate at which the preda... |
Barn-pole paradox Resolution Barn-pole_paradox > Resolution The door closes, and then opens again to let the front of the ladder pass through. At a later time, the back of the ladder passes through the entrance door, which closes and then opens. We see that, as simultaneity is relative, the two doors did not need to be... |
Friendly artificial intelligence Criticism Friendly_AI > Criticism In an article in AI & Society, Boyles and Joaquin maintain that such AIs would not be that friendly considering the following: the infinite amount of antecedent counterfactual conditions that would have to be programmed into a machine, the difficulty of... |
Systemic corticosteroids Systemic forms Nasal_steroid > Classification of corticosteroids > By route of administration > Systemic forms Available in injectables for intravenous and parenteral routes. |
Rendering algorithm Neural rendering Rendering_engine > Techniques > Neural rendering Neural rendering is a rendering method using artificial neural networks. Neural rendering includes image-based rendering methods that are used to reconstruct 3D models from 2-dimensional images.One of these methods are photogrammetry,... |
Fluid flywheel Summary Fluid_coupling A fluid coupling or hydraulic coupling is a hydrodynamic or 'hydrokinetic' device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in marine and industrial machine d... |
Promoter (genetics) Summary Promoter_(genetics) In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA.... |
Moore neighborhood Importance Moore_neighborhood > Importance The concept can be extended to higher dimensions, for example forming a 26-cell cubic neighborhood for a cellular automaton in three dimensions, as used by 3D Life. In dimension d, where 0 ≤ d , d ∈ Z {\displaystyle 0\leq d,d\in \mathbb {Z} } , the size of t... |
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy Diagnosis Chemotherapy-induced_peripheral_neuropathy > Diagnosis Second, the drug dose the patient received, and if its amount is commensurate with developing CIPN, must be considered. The immunomodulatory drug bortezomib, for example, is more likely to cause neurotoxicity in ... |
Autonomous Agency Theory Summary Autonomous_Agency_Theory Autonomous agency theory (AAT) is a viable system theory (VST) which models autonomous social complex adaptive systems. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its environment(s), and these may include other interactive agencies. The natur... |
Just-in-time compiler Performance Just-in-time_compilation > Performance Additionally, since a program spends most time executing a minority of its code, the reduced compilation time is significant. Finally, during the initial code interpretation, execution statistics can be collected before compilation, which helps to... |
Arlene Fiore Career and research Arlene_Fiore > Career and research As an undergraduate at Harvard University, Fiore worked on ozone smog for her honors thesis. As a graduate student at Harvard, Fiore worked with the Harvard Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group. Before becoming a professor, Fiore continued her research... |
Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Circuit symbols MOS_capacitor > Circuit symbols For enhancement-mode and depletion-mode MOSFET symbols (in columns two and five), the source terminal is the one connected to the triangle. Additionally, in this diagram, the gate is shown as an "L" shape, whose input ... |
H2S Precursor to metal sulfides H₂S > Uses > Precursor to metal sulfides As indicated above, many metal ions react with hydrogen sulfide to give the corresponding metal sulfides. This conversion is widely exploited. For example, gases or waters contaminated by hydrogen sulfide can be cleaned with metals, by forming met... |
Composite Material Other fabrication methods Layup_mold > Methods of fabrication > Other fabrication methods Other types of fabrication include casting, centrifugal casting, braiding (onto a former), continuous casting, filament winding, press moulding, transfer moulding, pultrusion moulding, and slip forming. There ar... |
Two-square cipher Algorithm Two-square_cipher > Algorithm For vertical two-square, a plaintext digraph that ends up with both characters in the same column gives the same digraph in the ciphertext. For horizontal two-square, a plaintext digraph with both characters in the same row gives (by convention) that digraph wit... |
User-mode Linux Comparison with other technologies User-mode_Linux > Comparison with other technologies User-mode Linux is generally considered to have lower performance than some competing technologies, such as Xen and OpenVZ. Future work in adding support for x86 virtualization to UML may reduce this disadvantage. Of... |
Paleontology History Paleontology > History Within the next few years the role and operation of DNA in genetic inheritance were discovered, leading to what is now known as the "Central Dogma" of molecular biology. In the 1960s molecular phylogenetics, the investigation of evolutionary "family trees" by techniques deriv... |
Magnetoencephalography Use in the field Magnetoencephalography > Use in the field MEG is also being used to better localize responses in the brain. The openness of the MEG setup allows external auditory and visual stimuli to be easily introduced. Some movement by the subject is also possible as long as it does not jar ... |
Autogas Converter Autogas > System components > Converter The converter (also known as vaporiser or reducer) is a device designed to change the fuel from a pressurised liquid to a vapour at around atmospheric pressure for delivery to the mixer or vapour phase injectors. Because of the refrigerant characteristic of the ... |
Risk factors of schizophrenia Other views Risk_factors_of_schizophrenia > Other views The way an individual interprets his or her delusions and hallucinations (e.g. as threatening or as potentially positive) has also been found to influence functioning and recovery in patients.Other lines of work that relate to the sel... |
Electrical units Electric current Electric_system > Concepts > Electric current The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric ... |
Architectural Framework Defense industry frameworks Architectural_Framework > Types of enterprise architecture framework > Defense industry frameworks AGATE – the France DGA Architecture Framework DNDAF – the DND/CF Architecture Framework (CAN) DoDAF – the US Department of Defense Architecture Framework MODAF – the UK ... |
Diffraction topography Systematic overview of techniques and imaging conditions Diffraction_topography > Experimental realization – instrumentation > Systematic overview of techniques and imaging conditions The manifold topographic techniques can be categorized according to several criteria. One of them is the distinct... |
Signature recognition Summary Signature_recognition Signature recognition is an example of behavioral biometrics that identifies a person based on their handwriting. It can be operated in two different ways: Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, and after the writing is complete, it is digitized t... |
Natronorubrum Scientific books Natronorubrum > Further reading > Scientific books Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. ISBN 0-683-01117-0. == External links == |
Apathy Parkinson's disease Apathy > Medical aspects > Parkinson's disease Overall, ~40% of Parkinson's disease patients suffer from apathy, with prevalence rates varying from 16-62%, depending on the study. Apathy is increasingly recognized to be an important non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease. It has a significa... |
Bernoulli trial Definition Bernoulli_trial > Definition {\displaystyle q:p.} These can also be expressed as numbers, by dividing, yielding the odds for, o f {\displaystyle o_{f}} , and the odds against, o a {\displaystyle o_{a}}: o f = p / q = p / ( 1 − p ) = ( 1 − q ) / q o a = q / p = ( 1 − p ) / p = q / ( 1 − q ) . ... |
Passive voice Summary Passive_voice Thus, turning an active sense of a verb into a passive sense is a valence-decreasing process ("detransitivizing process"), because it syntactically turns a transitive sense into an intransitive sense. This is not always the case; for example in Japanese a passive-voice construction d... |
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Pathophysiology Persistent_pulmonary_hypertension_of_the_newborn > Pathophysiology Typically, a fetus experiences pulmonary hypertension in utero since it is relying on the placenta for oxygen rather than its lungs. When the fetus is born, it is no longer attached to the... |
Magnetic potential energy Potential energy for electrostatic forces between two bodies Nuclear_potential_energy > Potential energy for electrostatic forces between two bodies The electrostatic force exerted by a charge Q on another charge q separated by a distance r is given by Coulomb's Law where r ^ {\displaystyle \m... |
Photosynthetically active radiation Second law PAR efficiency Photosynthetically_active_radiation_(PAR) > Second law PAR efficiency Besides the amount of radiation reaching a plant in the PAR region of the spectrum, it is also important to consider the quality of such radiation. Radiation reaching a plant contains entr... |
Spectral analyzer Resolution bandwidth Spectrum_analyzer > Typical functionality > Resolution bandwidth Adjusting the bandwidth of this filter allows for the discrimination of signals with closely spaced frequency components, while also changing the measured noise floor. Decreasing the bandwidth of an RBW filter decrea... |
2D computer graphics Summary 2D_computer_graphics 2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them. It may refer to the branch of computer science that comprises such tech... |
Inertia damper Real-world applications and devices Inertia_damper > Real-world applications and devices May use a smooth surface rotating cylinder and a smooth surface stationary interior wall with fluid/gel between. For more forceful motion absorption and higher surface area, a paddle wheel or toothed gear is used, wi... |
Feature learning Restricted Boltzmann machine Feature_learning > Multilayer/deep architectures > Restricted Boltzmann machine An RBM can be viewed as a single layer architecture for unsupervised feature learning. In particular, the visible variables correspond to input data, and the hidden variables correspond to featu... |
Generalized anxiety disorder Other possible modalities discussed in literature for potential in treating GAD Generalized_anxiety_disorder > Treatment > Pharmacotherapy > Other possible modalities discussed in literature for potential in treating GAD Other modalities that have been academically studied for their potenti... |
Inverse consequences Summary Inverse_consequences The term "inverse consequences" or the "Law of Inverse Consequences" refers to results that are the opposite of the expected results as initially intended or planned. One consequence is in the "reverse predicament" of the other. |
Empirical mean Distribution of the sample mean Sample_mean_and_covariance > Distribution of the sample mean The arithmetic mean of a population, or population mean, is often denoted μ. The sample mean x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} (the arithmetic mean of a sample of values drawn from the population) makes a good estim... |
Modular Equipment Transporter Operation specifications Modular_Equipment_Transporter > Design criteria > Operation specifications Nominal Pulling Speed: 4-7 mph Nominal Draw Bar Pull: 3-5 mph Design Traverse 20,000 ft Capable of Traversing: up to 4" Diameter Rocks Tire Temperatures: -60 °F on deployment 0 °F to 200 °F ... |
L2 space Properties L2_space > Properties The set, together with the specific inner product ⟨ ⋅ , ⋅ ⟩ 2 {\displaystyle \langle \cdot ,\cdot \rangle _{2}} specify the inner product space. The space of square integrable functions is the L p {\displaystyle L^{p}} space in which p = 2. {\displaystyle p=2.} |
Cryogenic particle detector Superconducting tunnel junctions Cryogenic_particle_detector > Types of cryogenic particle detectors > Calorimetric particle detection > Superconducting tunnel junctions The superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) consists of two pieces of superconducting material separated by a very thin (~na... |
Analytical chemist Spectroscopy Qualitative_chemical_analysis > Instrumental methods > Spectroscopy Spectroscopy measures the interaction of the molecules with electromagnetic radiation. Spectroscopy consists of many different applications such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, ultraviole... |
List of incomplete proofs Results later proved rigorously List_of_incomplete_proofs > Results later proved rigorously His paper was not accepted as a complete proof as it contained a gap, and the first complete proofs were given in about 1967 by Baker and Stark. In 1969 Stark showed how to fill the gap in Heegner's pap... |
Coombs test History Coombs_test > History The Coombs test was first described in 1945 by Cambridge immunologists Robin Coombs (after whom it is named), Arthur Mourant and Rob Race. Historically, it was done in test tubes. Today, it is commonly done using automated solid phase or gel technology. |
Translation invariance Geometry Spatial_translation_symmetry > Geometry The vectors a and b can be represented by complex numbers. For two given lattice points, equivalence of choices of a third point to generate a lattice shape is represented by the modular group, see lattice (group). Alternatively, e.g. a rectangle m... |
Old quantum theory De Broglie waves Bohr–Sommerfeld_quantization_conditions > De Broglie waves Today we call them photons (a name coined by Gilbert N. Lewis in a letter to Nature.) Einstein's theoretical argument was based on thermodynamics, on counting the number of states, and so was not completely convincing. Nevert... |
Signalling cascade Examples of biochemical cascades Signalling_cascade > Introduction > Examples of biochemical cascades The pathway has also been implicated in the development of some cancers. Drugs that specifically target hedgehog signaling to fight diseases are being actively developed by a number of pharmaceutical... |
Gauged supergravity Summary Gauged_supergravity Gauged supergravity is a supergravity theory in which some R-symmetry is gauged such that the gravitinos (superpartners of the graviton) are charged with respect to the gauge fields. Consistency of the supersymmetry transformation often requires the presence of the potent... |
SimDec Judging the importance of inputs SimDec > How to read SimDec > Judging the importance of inputs If an input variable has no effect on the output, its states (e.g., low & high) would lie on top of each other on the SimDec histogram, occupying fully overlapping ranges of the output. If an input variable has a stro... |
Ray transfer matrix analysis Eigenvalues Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis > Eigenvalues Let m = ( A + D ) 2 {\displaystyle m={\frac {(A+D)}{2}}} , and we have eigenvalues λ 1 , λ 2 = m ± m 2 − 1 {\displaystyle \lambda _{1},\lambda _{2}=m\pm {\sqrt {m^{2}-1}}} . According to the values of λ 1 {\displaystyle \lambda _{1}} an... |
Complex society Emergence of complex societies Complex_society > Emergence of complex societies Before human beings developed complex societies, they lived in primitive societies. The historical consensus is that complex societies emerged from primitive societies around 4000-2000 BCE in Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Va... |
Cross bedding Formation Cross_bedding > Formation Cross-bedding is formed by the downstream migration of bedforms such as ripples or dunes in a flowing fluid. The fluid flow causes sand grains to saltate up the stoss (upstream) side of the bedform and collect at the peak until the angle of repose is reached. At this po... |
Direct recursion Single recursion and multiple recursion Multiple_recursion > Types of recursion > Single recursion and multiple recursion Multiple recursion can sometimes be converted to single recursion (and, if desired, thence to iteration). For example, while computing the Fibonacci sequence naively entails multipl... |
Oxophilicity Examples Oxophilicity > Examples In contrast, the anhydrous halides of the later metals tend to hydrate, not hydrolyze, and they often form hydroxides. Reduced complexes of oxophilic metals tend to generate oxides by reaction with oxygen. Typically the oxide-ligand is bridging, e.g. 2 (C5H5)2TiCl + 1/2 O2 ... |
Limiting oxygen concentration Summary Limiting_oxygen_concentration The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units... |
Estimation statistics Flaws in hypothesis testing Estimation_statistics > Flaws in hypothesis testing In hypothesis testing, the primary objective of statistical calculations is to obtain a p-value, the probability of seeing an obtained result, or a more extreme result, when assuming the null hypothesis is true. If the... |
Glycolysis Alternative nomenclature Glucose_oxidation_reaction > Alternative nomenclature Some of the metabolites in glycolysis have alternative names and nomenclature. In part, this is because some of them are common to other pathways, such as the Calvin cycle. |
2-Pyridone Tautomerisation mechanism B 2-Pyridone > Dimerisation > Tautomerisation mechanism B The direct tautomerisation is not energetically favoured, but a dimerisation followed by a double proton transfer and dissociation of the dimer is a self catalytic path from one tautomer to the other. Protic solvents also med... |
Ozone layer depletion Effects on plant life Ozone_Depletion > Increased UV > Biological effects > Effects on plant life Damage from UVB radiation is more likely to be significant on species interactions than on plants themselves.Another significant impact of ozone depletion on plant life is the stress experienced by pl... |
VHDL Design VHDL > Design A VHDL simulator is typically an event-driven simulator. This means that each transaction is added to an event queue for a specific scheduled time. E.g. if a signal assignment should occur after 1 nanosecond, the event is added to the queue for time +1ns. |
Stephan W. Koch Main research topics Stephan_W._Koch > Main research topics Stephan W. Koch has worked on multiple topics in the general field of semiconductor optics. Before the year 1988, the state-of-the-art description of semiconductor optics and lasers was mainly based on simplified rate-equation approaches which ... |
Pseudo Riemannian manifold Applications in physics Pseudo-Riemannian_metric > Lorentzian manifold > Applications in physics After Riemannian manifolds, Lorentzian manifolds form the most important subclass of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. They are important in applications of general relativity. A principal premise of g... |
Negative selection (immunology) T cell tolerance Central_tolerance > Mechanisms of central tolerance > T cell tolerance If they bind a self peptide, then they are signaled to apoptose (process of clonal deletion). The thymic epithelial cells display self antigen to the T cells to test their affinity for self. Transcrip... |
Neural networks Overview Neural_networks > Overview A biological neural network is composed of a group of chemically connected or functionally associated neurons. A single neuron may be connected to many other neurons and the total number of neurons and connections in a network may be extensive. Connections, called syn... |
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