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Univariate (statistics) Frequency distribution tables Univariate_(statistics) > Graphical methods > Frequency distribution tables Frequency is how many times a number occurs. The frequency of an observation in statistics tells us the number of times the observation occurs in the data. For example, in the following list... |
Communication privacy management theory Work environments Communication_privacy_management_theory > Theory applications > Work environments By the same token, some employees argue that companies should not be able to track what is being done on their personal devices or even on company computers even if they are in the... |
Physical symbol system Semantic symbols vs. dynamic signals Physical_symbol_system > Clarifications > Semantic symbols vs. dynamic signals Indeed, Touretzky and Pomerleau write that if symbols and signals are the same thing, then "ufficiency is a given, unless one is a dualist or some other sort of mystic, because phys... |
Alcohol use disorders Long-term effects Alcohol_use_disorders > Signs and symptoms > Warning signs > Physical > Long-term effects Long-term alcohol misuse can cause a number of physical symptoms, including cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, epilepsy, polyneuropathy, alcoholic dementia, heart disease, nutritional def... |
Transcranial Doppler How it works Transcranial_Doppler > How it works Because the bones of the skull block most of the transmission of ultrasound, regions with thinner walls (called insonation windows), which offer the least distortion to the sound waves, must be used for analyzing. For this reason, recording is perfor... |
Diastolic blood pressure Regulation of blood pressure Home_blood_pressure_monitoring > Physiology > Regulation of blood pressure The resultant increase in blood volume results in an increased cardiac output by the Frank–Starling law of the heart, in turn increasing arterial blood pressure.These different mechanisms are... |
Uranium trichloride Catalyst UCl3 > Uses > Catalyst Uranium(III) chloride is used as a catalyst during reactions between lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and olefins to produce alkyl aluminate compounds. |
Degeneracy (math) Summary Degenerate_case Equivalently, it becomes a "line segment".Often, the degenerate cases are the exceptional cases where changes to the usual dimension or the cardinality of the object (or of some part of it) occur. For example, a triangle is an object of dimension two, and a degenerate triangle ... |
Discrete calculus Applications Discrete_calculus > Applications In nuclear medicine, it is used to build models of radiation transport in targeted tumor therapies. In economics, calculus allows for the determination of maximal profit by calculating both marginal cost and marginal revenue, as well as modeling of markets... |
Jennifer Doudna CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing discovery Jennifer_Doudna > Career and research > CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing discovery Feng Zhang at the Broad Institute had shown that CRISPR-Cas9 could edit genes in cultured human cells a few months after Doudna and Charpentier published their method. Before the UC Berkeley... |
Osmotic potential Summary Osmotic_potential Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. ... |
Vaccine adjuvant Adaptive immune response Vaccine_adjuvant > Adaptive immune response γδ T cells possess characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages can also activate T cells in a similar approach (but do not do so naturally).This process carried out by both dendritic cells and macroph... |
Philosophy of healthcare Religious Ethics Philosophy_of_healthcare > Ethics of healthcare > Religious Ethics ": 167 In Western health care, dignity regarding human life can be traced back to imago dei, meaning "image of God", which asserts that human beings are created by God in a manner of resemblance to his own exist... |
Attribute hierarchy method Cognitive model representation Attribute_hierarchy_method > Cognitive model representation Similar to the A matrix, each row and column in the matrix represents one attribute; the first row and column represents attribute A1 and the last row and column represents attribute A9. The first attri... |
Scientific theory In physics Scientific_theory > In physics In physics, the term theory is generally used for a mathematical framework—derived from a small set of basic postulates (usually symmetries—like equality of locations in space or in time, or identity of electrons, etc.)—that is capable of producing experimenta... |
Velocity of light Astronomical unit Speed_of_Light > Measurement > Astronomical measurements > Astronomical unit An astronomical unit (AU) is approximately the average distance between the Earth and Sun. It was redefined in 2012 as exactly 149597870700 m. Previously the AU was not based on the International System of U... |
Dog-leg gearbox Trucks Dog-leg_gearbox > Trucks Many light trucks (e.g. Iveco Turbo Daily) have dog-leg five- or six-speed transmissions, because second gear is fine for normal starting; first is considered a "crawler" or "granny" gear in these trucks and is only used for starting with heavy loads and/or a trailer, or ... |
Climate change effects Marine ecosystems Heat_waves_and_climate_change > Wildlife and nature > Marine ecosystems This is in response to warming waters, loss of oxygen and eutrophication. Melting sea ice destroys habitat, including for algae that grows on its underside.Ocean acidification can harm marine organisms in va... |
Transition metal nitrile complexes Reactions Acetonitrile_complex > Synthesis and reactions > Reactions Transition metal nitrile complexes are usually employed because the nitrile ligand is labile and relatively chemically inert. Cationic nitrile complexes are however susceptible to nucleophilic attack at carbon. Conse... |
Common misunderstandings of genetics Genes as a blueprint Common_misunderstandings_of_genetics > Genes as a blueprint While the central dogma of molecular biology describes how information cannot be passed back to inheritable genetic information, the other causal arrows in this chain can be bidirectional, with complex ... |
Parallel-plate capacitor Hazards and safety Parallel_plate_capacitor > Hazards and safety PCB-filled paper capacitors are found in very old (pre-1975) fluorescent lamp ballasts, and other applications. Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach thei... |
Measurement uncertainty Propagation of distributions Measurement_uncertainty > Propagation of distributions The true values of the input quantities X 1 , … , X N {\displaystyle X_{1},\ldots ,X_{N}} are unknown. In the GUM approach, X 1 , … , X N {\displaystyle X_{1},\ldots ,X_{N}} are characterized by probability distr... |
Patchy particles Monte Carlo Patchy_particles > Assembly of patchy particles > Simulations > Monte Carlo This is typically used to monitor phase behaviour. With these additional moves, the particle is added at a random orientation and random position. Other simulations involve biased Monte Carlo moves. |
Machine Learning (journal) Selected articles Machine_Learning_(journal) > Selected articles P. Rossmanith and T. Zeugmann (2001). "Stochastic Finite Learning of the Pattern Languages". Machine Learning. |
Gastrin releasing peptide Function Gastrin_releasing_peptide > Function Gastrin-releasing peptide is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate bombesin/GRP neurons of the stomach r... |
Rexx Simple variables Rexx > Syntax > Simple variables Variables in Rexx are typeless, and initially are evaluated as their names, in upper case. Thus a variable's type can vary with its use in the program: |
Synchronous logic Summary Synchronous_system In digital electronics, a synchronous circuit is a digital circuit in which the changes in the state of memory elements are synchronized by a clock signal. In a sequential digital logic circuit, data are stored in memory devices called flip-flops or latches. The output of a ... |
Knowbility Summary Knowbility Knowbility is an American non-governmental organization based in Austin, Texas, working to support the independence and empowerment of people with disabilities by promoting the use and improving the availability of accessible information technology. Its mission is to create an inclusive di... |
GF method Further references GF_method > Further references Molecular Vibrational-Rotational Spectra. Elsevier. ISBN 0444997377. |
Information bottleneck method Learning theory for deep learning Information_bottleneck_method > Learning theory for deep learning It has been mathematically proven that controlling information bottleneck is one way to control generalization error in deep learning. Namely, the generalization error is proven to scale as ... |
OpenDocument software Implementations OpenDocument_software > Accessibility > Implementations Peter Korn gave an in-depth report on OpenDocument accessibility. He noted that there are many kinds of impairments, including visual (minor, major, or blind), physical (minor, major with vocal control, major without vocal con... |
Cyclophosphamide Summary Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neurobl... |
Inverse image Examples Image_(mathematics) > Examples f: { 1 , 2 , 3 } → { a , b , c , d } {\displaystyle f:\{1,2,3\}\to \{a,b,c,d\}} defined by { 1 ↦ a , 2 ↦ a , 3 ↦ c . {\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{matrix}1\mapsto a,\\2\mapsto a,\\3\mapsto c.\end{matrix}}\right.} The image of the set { 2 , 3 } {\displaystyle \{2,3\}... |
Sex-linked barring Molecular pattern formation in the feather follicle Sex-linked_barring > Molecular pattern formation in the feather follicle Scientists were able to show that either both or one of the non-coding mutations present in all B alleles, cause an up-regulation of the activity of CDKN2A. ). With more of the... |
Linear-quadratic control General description Linear–quadratic_regulator > General description The LQR algorithm is essentially an automated way of finding an appropriate state-feedback controller. As such, it is not uncommon for control engineers to prefer alternative methods, like full state feedback, also known as po... |
Immunopathology Types of Immunity Immunopathology > Types of Immunity It is composed of physical blockades such as the skin, but also contains nonspecific immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and basophils. The second form of immunity is Adaptive immunity. This form of immunity requires recognition of the... |
Endergonic reaction Gibbs free energy for endergonic reactions Non-spontaneous_reaction > Gibbs free energy for endergonic reactions All physical and chemical systems in the universe follow the second law of thermodynamics and proceed in a downhill, i.e., exergonic, direction. Thus, left to itself, any physical or chem... |
Multiprocessor system architecture Multiprocessor system featuring global data multiplication Multiprocessor_system_architecture > Multiprocessor system featuring global data multiplication This information is duplicated and stored in each local memory of each processor. Each time the global data is modified in a local... |
Doppler cooling limit Brief explanation Doppler_cooling_limit > Brief explanation Doppler cooling involves light with frequency tuned slightly below an electronic transition in an atom. Because the light is detuned to the "red" (i.e. at lower frequency) of the transition, the atoms will absorb more photons if they move... |
Allometry Determining if a system is scaling with allometry Allometry > Determining if a system is scaling with allometry It is also important to keep in mind what is being compared in the data. Comparing a characteristic such as head length to head width might yield different results from comparing head length to body... |
Adaptive response Function Adaptive_response > Function This DNA up-regulation is involved in the adaptive response because the organism is being conditioned to protect itself against these stressors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are very damaging to DNA and highly associated with the adaptive response. When free radi... |
Pierre Bourdieu Media and cultural production Pierre_Bourdieu > Field theory > Media and cultural production Further, a work of literature, for example, may not adequately be analysed either as the product of the author's life and beliefs (a naively biographical account), or without any reference to the author's intent... |
Model trains Scales and gauges Model_train > Scales and gauges The most popular scales are: G scale, Gauge 1, O scale, S scale, HO scale (in Britain, the similar OO), TT scale, and N scale (1:160 in the United States, but 1:148 in the UK). HO and OO are the most popular. Popular narrow-gauge scales include Sn3, HOn3 an... |
Nanocircuitry Production methods Nanocircuitry > Production methods They also control electric current as they can turn it on off, or even amplify signals. Circuits now use silicon as a transistor because it can easily be switched between conducting and nonconducting states. However, in nanoelectronics, transistors mig... |
Exchange lemma Summary Exchange_lemma The Steinitz exchange lemma is a basic theorem in linear algebra used, for example, to show that any two bases for a finite-dimensional vector space have the same number of elements. The result is named after the German mathematician Ernst Steinitz. The result is often called the S... |
General relativistic Geometry of Newtonian gravity Spacetime_curvature > From classical mechanics to general relativity > Geometry of Newtonian gravity At the base of classical mechanics is the notion that a body's motion can be described as a combination of free (or inertial) motion, and deviations from this free moti... |
Fast Fourier Transform Bounds on complexity and operation counts Fast_Fourier_Transform > Computational issues > Bounds on complexity and operation counts In 1973, Morgenstern proved an Ω ( N log N ) {\displaystyle \Omega (N\log N)} lower bound on the addition count for algorithms where the multiplicative constants h... |
List of particles Leptonic atoms Hypothetical_particles > Composite particles > Atoms > Leptonic atoms Leptonic atoms, named using -onium, are exotic atoms constituted by the bound state of a lepton and an antilepton. Examples of such atoms include positronium (e− e+), muonium (e− μ+), and "true muonium" (μ− μ+). Of th... |
PNP transistor Voltage, current, and charge control N–p–n_transistor > Function > Voltage, current, and charge control The charge-control view easily handles phototransistors, where minority carriers in the base region are created by the absorption of photons, and handles the dynamics of turn-off, or recovery time, whi... |
Johannes Kepler Astronomia Nova Johannes_Kepler > Astronomy > Astronomia Nova Finding that an elliptical orbit fit the Mars data (the Vicarious Hypothesis), Kepler immediately concluded that all planets move in ellipses, with the Sun at one focus—his first law of planetary motion. Because he employed no calculating ass... |
Resilient Packet Ring Class of service and traffic queues Resilient_Packet_Ring > Class of service and traffic queues All traffic on the ring is assigned a Class of Service (CoS) and the standard specifies three classes. Class A (or High) traffic is a pure committed information rate (CIR) and is designed to support app... |
Atmospheric carbon cycle Terrestrial biosphere Atmospheric_carbon_cycle > Interactions with other systems > Terrestrial biosphere Carbon is absorbed primarily during plant growth. A pattern of increased carbon uptake is observable both over the course of the day (less carbon is absorbed at night) and over the course of... |
Quick Sort Multi-pivot quicksort Quicksort > Relation to other algorithms > Variants > Multi-pivot quicksort Instead of partitioning into two subarrays using a single pivot, multi-pivot quicksort (also multiquicksort) partitions its input into some s number of subarrays using s − 1 pivots. While the dual-pivot case (s ... |
Essential supremum Examples Ess_sup > Examples This function is unbounded both from above and from below, so its supremum and infimum are ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } and − ∞ , {\displaystyle -\infty ,} respectively. However, from the point of view of the Lebesgue measure, the set of rational numbers is of measure zero; t... |
PL/I programming language Storage type sharing PL/I_programming_language > Special topics in PL/I > Storage type sharing The data structures must be designed appropriately, typically using fields in a data structure to encode information about its type and size. The fields can be held in the preceding structure or, wit... |
Analysis & PDE Summary Analysis_&_PDE Mathematical Sciences Publishers is a nonprofit publishing company run by and for mathematicians. It publishes several journals and the book series Geometry & Topology Monographs. It is run from a central office in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Berk... |
Protein C History Protein_C > History Protein C's anticoagulant role in the human body was first noted by Seegers et al. in 1960, who gave protein C its original name, autoprothrombin II-a. : 6822 Protein C was first isolated by Johan Stenflo from bovine plasma in 1976, and Stenflo determined it to be a vitamin K-depen... |
General adversarial network Data poisoning Adversarial_machine_learning > Attack modalities > Strategies > Data poisoning Poisoning consists of contaminating the training dataset with data designed to increase errors in the output. Given that learning algorithms are shaped by their training datasets, poisoning can effe... |
Viral synapse Formation and function Viral_synapse > Formation and function Formation of these synapses has been shown to involve reorientation of the cytoskeleton, which is triggered by engagement of ICAM-1 on the infected cell's surface and expression of several viral proteins. Viruses use the microtubule cytoskeleto... |
Prior-independent mechanism Alternatives Prior-independent_mechanism > Alternatives Prior-independent mechanisms (PIM) should be contrasted with two other mechanism types: Bayesian-optimal mechanisms (BOM) assume that the agents' valuations are drawn from a known probability distribution. The mechanism is tailored to t... |
Tetracycline antibiotic Medical uses Tetracycline_antibiotics > Medical uses Tetracyclines remain the treatment of choice for infections caused by chlamydia (trachoma, psittacosis, salpingitis, urethritis and L. venereum infection), Rickettsia (typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever), brucellosis and spirochetal infectio... |
Cryoscopic constant Summary Cryoscopic_constant Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so ΔT depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy, which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point ... |
Separable filter Summary Separable_filter A separable filter in image processing can be written as product of two more simple filters. Typically a 2-dimensional convolution operation is separated into two 1-dimensional filters. This reduces the computational costs on an N × M {\displaystyle N\times M} image with a m × ... |
Quantum electrochemistry History and contributors Quantum_electrochemistry > History and contributors He was the main author of the Quantum-Mechanical Theory of Kinetics of the Elementary Act of Chemical, Electrochemical and Biochemical Processes in Polar Liquids. Another important contributor is Rudolph A. Marcus, who... |
Euclidean space Motivation of the modern definition Euclidean_vector_space > Definition > Motivation of the modern definition One way to think of the Euclidean plane is as a set of points satisfying certain relationships, expressible in terms of distance and angles. For example, there are two fundamental operations (re... |
Mir-181 microRNA precursor Summary Mir-181_microRNA_precursor In molecular biology miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA molecule. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors and subsequently processed by the RNase-III type enzyme Dicer to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this... |
New Brunswick neurological syndrome of unknown cause Autopsy reports New_Brunswick_neurological_syndrome_of_unknown_cause > Autopsy reports The abstract said that "in these eight patients no evidence for a prion disease was found, nor novel pathology". The virtual meeting of the CANP was held from the 14 to 16 October. |
Geophysical surveying Geophysical signal detection Geophysical_surveying > Geophysical signal detection Then these measured values are corrected for various corrections and an anomaly map is prepared. By analyzing these anomaly maps one can get an idea about the structure of rock formations in that area. For this purpo... |
John Trevor Stuart Research John_Trevor_Stuart > Research Stuart is known for his work on nonlinear waves in the onset of turbulence in fluids. He also extended the work of Lord Rayleigh with research into steady streaming in unsteady viscous flows at high Reynolds numbers. |
Turing-computable function Computability theory Deterministic_Turing_machine > References > Computability theory Hennie, Fredrick (1977). Introduction to Computability. Addison–Wesley, Reading, Mass. |
Acidilobus Scientific journals Acidilobus > Further reading > Scientific journals Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. C3: 304–317. |
Evolutionary approaches to schizophrenia Summary Evolutionary_approaches_to_schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by experiencing persistent hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and thought disorder. These experiences are evident in multiple sensory modalities and include deviation in all facet... |
Poly-Weibull distribution Summary Poly-Weibull_distribution In probability theory and statistics, the poly-Weibull distribution is a continuous probability distribution. The distribution is defined to be that of a random variable defined to be the smallest of a number of statistically independent random variables havin... |
Techno music Compositional techniques Techno_music > Music production practice > Compositional techniques A typical approach to using this type of technology compositionally is to overdub successive layers of material while continuously looping a single measure or sequence of measures. This process will usually continu... |
Attention management Background Attention_management > Background Most of these filtering processes happen automatically and beyond conscious awareness. Limitations of attention capacities are revealed in many contexts, for example when speaking on a telephone while driving. The resulting high-frequency switching betwe... |
Nonsingular matrix In relation to the identity matrix Inverse_matrices > Properties > In relation to the identity matrix It follows from the associativity of matrix multiplication that if A B = I {\displaystyle \mathbf {AB} =\mathbf {I} \ } for finite square matrices A and B, then also B A = I {\displaystyle \mathbf {B... |
Self (programming language) Prototype-based programming languages Self_(programming_language) > Prototype-based programming languages In Self, and other prototype-based languages, the duality between classes and object instances is eliminated. Instead of having an "instance" of an object that is based on some "class", ... |
Piezoelectric accelerometer Summary Piezoelectric_accelerometer A piezoelectric accelerometer is an accelerometer that employs the piezoelectric effect of certain materials to measure dynamic changes in mechanical variables (e.g., acceleration, vibration, and mechanical shock). As with all transducers, piezoelectrics c... |
Line spacing On the World Wide Web Line_spacing > On the World Wide Web In CSS, leading refers to the difference between the content height and the value of the line-height property. Half the leading is called the half-leading. User agents center glyphs vertically in an inline box, which adds half-leading on the top an... |
Distributed representation Neocognitron Types_of_artificial_neural_networks > Other types > Neocognitron Local features in the input are integrated gradually and classified at higher layers. Among the various kinds of neocognitron are systems that can detect multiple patterns in the same input by using back propagation... |
Vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy Pros and cons Vibrational_analysis_with_scanning_probe_microscopy > Pros and cons NSOM combined with FTIR/Raman techniques can provide local chemical information together with topographical details. This technique is non-destructive and can work in a variety of enviro... |
Apache Kylin Architecture Apache_Kylin > Architecture Apache Kylin is built on top of Apache Hadoop, Apache Hive, Apache HBase, Apache Parquet, Apache Calcite, Apache Spark and other technologies. These technologies enable Kylin to easily scale to support massive data loads.Kylin has the following core components: REST... |
Interspecies quorum sensing Summary Interspecies_quorum_sensing However the bacteria were also found to recognize a second auto inducer AI-2. Scientist also found that V. harveyi luminescence could be induced by 75 other bacterial species AI-2 molecules. This discovery led to the proposal of AI-2 as a universal form of... |
Mirror symmetry (string theory) Textbooks Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory) > Further reading > Textbooks American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-2127-5. Hori, Kentaro; Katz, Sheldon; Klemm, Albrecht; Pandharipande, Rahul; Thomas, Richard; Vafa, Cumrun; Vakil, Ravi; Zaslow, Eric, eds. |
Anaerobic corrosion Abiotic Anaerobic_corrosion > Chemical mechanisms > Abiotic Under anoxic conditions, the mechanism for corrosion requires a substitute for oxygen as the oxidizing agent in the redox reaction. For abiotic anaerobic corrosion, that substitute is the hydrogen ion produced in the dissociation of water a... |
History of cell membrane theory Early barrier theories History_of_cell_membrane_theory > Early barrier theories Based on these observations, Quincke asserted that the cell membrane comprised a fluid layer of fat less than 100 nm thick. This theory was further extended by evidence from the study of anesthetics. Hans Hor... |
Decider (Turing machine) Functions computable by total Turing machines Decider_(Turing_machine) > Functions computable by total Turing machines We can further define a programming language in which we can ensure that even more sophisticated functions always halt. For example, the Ackermann function, which is not primit... |
Metal ions Uses Metal_ion > Lifecycle > Uses Electrical power grids rely on metal cables to distribute electricity. Home electrical systems, for the most part, are wired with copper wire for its good conducting properties. The thermal conductivity of metals is useful for containers to heat materials over a flame. |
Rietdijk–Putnam argument Andromeda paradox Andromeda_paradox > Andromeda paradox As Penrose put it: Two people pass each other on the street; and according to one of the two people, an Andromedean space fleet has already set off on its journey, while to the other, the decision as to whether or not the journey will actu... |
Operant conditioning chamber Summary Operant_chamber The operant conditioning chamber may be used to observe or manipulate behaviour. An animal is placed in the box where it must learn to activate levers or respond to light or sound stimuli for reward. The reward may be food or the removal of noxious stimuli such as a ... |
DsDNA-RT virus Host range DsDNA-RT_virus > Multi-group characteristics > Host range Different Baltimore groups tend to be found within different branches of cellular life. In prokaryotes, the large majority of viruses are dsDNA viruses, and a significant minority are ssDNA viruses. Prokaryotic RNA viruses, in contrast,... |
Photoelectric cells Vehicular applications Silicon_solar_cell > Applications > Vehicular applications General Motors ended up winning the event by a significant margin with their Sunraycer vehicle that achieved speeds of over 40 mph. Contrary to popular belief however solar powered cars are one of the oldest alternativ... |
Multivariate function Algebraic structure Function_of_several_real_variables > General definition > Algebraic structure The usual operations of arithmetic on the reals may be extended to real-valued functions of several real variables in the following way: For every real number r, the constant function is everywhere de... |
Singularity function Integration Singularity_function > Integration Integrating ⟨ x − a ⟩ n {\displaystyle \langle x-a\rangle ^{n}} can be done in a convenient way in which the constant of integration is automatically included so the result will be 0 at x = a. |
Syntactic pattern recognition Summary Syntactic_pattern_recognition An item can be labeled as belonging to a class if its graph representation is isomorphic with prototype graphs of the class. Typically, patterns are constructed from simpler sub patterns in a hierarchical fashion. |
Lattice diffusion coefficient Summary Lattice_diffusion In condensed matter physics, lattice diffusion (also called bulk or volume diffusion) refers to atomic diffusion within a crystalline lattice, which occurs by either interstitial or substitutional mechanisms. In interstitial lattice diffusion, a diffusant (such as... |
Gravitational potential field Mathematical form Rubber_Sheet_Model > Mathematical form The gravitational potential V at a distance x from a point mass of mass M can be defined as the work W that needs to be done by an external agent to bring a unit mass in from infinity to that point: where G is the gravitational const... |
Cellular homology Summary Cellular_homology In mathematics, cellular homology in algebraic topology is a homology theory for the category of CW-complexes. It agrees with singular homology, and can provide an effective means of computing homology modules. |
Group structure and the axiom of choice A ZF set with no group structure Group_structure_and_the_axiom_of_choice > A ZF set with no group structure However these properties are not equivalent. Namely, it is possible for sets which cannot be well-ordered to have a group structure. For example, if X {\displaystyle X} is ... |
Atomicity (chemistry) Classifications Atomicity_(chemistry) > Classifications Based on atomicity, molecules can be classified as: Monoatomic (composed of one atom). Examples include He (helium), Ne (neon), Ar (argon), and Kr (krypton). All noble gases are monoatomic. Diatomic (composed of two atoms). |
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