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Liver fibrosis Liver dysfunction Liver_cirrhosis > Signs and symptoms > Liver dysfunction These features are a direct consequence of liver cells not functioning: Spider angiomata or spider nevi happen when there is dilatation of vasculature beneath the skin surface. There is a central, red spot with reddish extensions ... |
Cylinder (geometry) Right circular hollow cylinder (cylindrical shell) Cylinder > Properties > Right circular hollow cylinder (cylindrical shell) .Thus, the volume of a cylindrical shell equals 2π(average radius)(altitude)(thickness).The surface area, including the top and bottom, is given by A = 2 π ( R + r ) h + 2 π ... |
Complex square root Geometric construction of the square root Square_root > Geometric construction of the square root However, Descartes made no claim to originality and his audience would have been quite familiar with Euclid. Euclid's second proof in Book VI depends on the theory of similar triangles. Let AHB be a lin... |
Tactile hallucination In schizophrenia Tactile_hallucinations > In schizophrenia They are usually triggered by emotional cues such as guilt, anger, fear and depression. Other types of tactile hallucinations takes on a sexual form in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia may sometimes experience the f... |
Entropy of mixing Application to solutions Entropy_of_mixing > Statistical thermodynamical explanation of the entropy of mixing of ideal gases > Application to solutions The Flory–Huggins solution theory provides the entropy of mixing for polymer solutions, in which the macromolecules are huge compared to the solvent m... |
Quantum Optics Quantum electronics Quantum_Optics > Quantum electronics Specific applications of quantum mechanics in electronics is researched within semiconductor physics. The term also encompassed the basic processes of laser operation, which is today studied as a topic in quantum optics. Usage of the term overlappe... |
Paranoid schizophrenic Summary Paranoid_schizophrenic Many people with schizophrenia have other mental disorders, especially substance use disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.About 0.3% to 0.7% of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia during their lifetime. In 2017, t... |
Biotechnology risk CRISPR Biotechnology_risk > CRISPR Following surprisingly fast advances in CRISPR editing, an international summit proclaimed in December 2015 that it was "irresponsible" to proceed with human gene editing until issues in safety and efficacy were addressed. One way in which CRISPR editing can cause e... |
Crack propagation Irwin's modification Plastic_zone > Linear elastic fracture mechanics > Irwin's modification Griffith's work was largely ignored by the engineering community until the early 1950s. The reasons for this appear to be (a) in the actual structural materials the level of energy needed to cause fracture is ... |
Block-diagonal matrix Block diagonal matrices Block_matrices > Block diagonal matrices A block diagonal matrix is a block matrix that is a square matrix such that the main-diagonal blocks are square matrices and all off-diagonal blocks are zero matrices. That is, a block diagonal matrix A has the form A = {\displaysty... |
Modular programming Key aspects Modular_programming > Key aspects When creating a modular system, instead of creating a monolithic application (where the smallest component is the whole), several smaller modules are written separately so when they are composed together, they construct the executable application program... |
Bacterial transcription Summary Bacterial_transcription Bacterial RNA polymerase is made up of four subunits and when a fifth subunit attaches, called the σ-factor, the polymerase can recognize specific binding sequences in the DNA, called promoters. The binding of the σ-factor to the promoter is the first step in init... |
Fast protein liquid chromatography Optimizing protein purification Fast_protein_liquid_chromatography > Optimizing protein purification An extra intermediate purification step can be added or optimization of the different steps is performed for improving purity. This extra step usually involves another round of IEC und... |
A* search algorithm Relations to other algorithms A*_algorithm > Relations to other algorithms What sets A* apart from a greedy best-first search algorithm is that it takes the cost/distance already traveled, g(n), into account. Some common variants of Dijkstra's algorithm can be viewed as a special case of A* where th... |
System of units of measurement Non-standard units System_of_units_of_measurement > Non-standard units Non-standard measurement units also found in books, newspapers etc., include: |
Nested function Purpose Nested_function_definition > Purpose Lexically nested function definitions are a form of information hiding and are useful for dividing procedural tasks into subtasks which are only meaningful locally. This avoids cluttering other parts of the program with functions and variables that are unrela... |
Fly system Arbors Fly_system > Components > Arbors In order to avoid unreasonably tall counterweight stacks at high capacity line sets, arbors may employ more than one counterweight stack. Such arbors use multiple-width top and bottom plates with a tie bar and pair of connecting rods provided at each counterweight stac... |
Noncommutative polynomial ring Contrast with polynomials Non-commuting_polynomial > Contrast with polynomials For example, X1X2 does not equal X2X1. More generally, one can construct the free algebra R⟨E⟩ on any set E of generators. Since rings may be regarded as Z-algebras, a free ring on E can be defined as the free ... |
Data Encryption Standard Key schedule Data_Encryption_Standard > Description > Key schedule The rotations (denoted by "<<<" in the diagram) mean that a different set of bits is used in each subkey; each bit is used in approximately 14 out of the 16 subkeys. The key schedule for decryption is similar—the subkeys are in ... |
Land vehicle Energy source Vehicle > Locomotion > Energy source Batteries also facilitate the use of electric motors, which have their own advantages. On the other hand, batteries have low energy densities, short service life, poor performance at extreme temperatures, long charging times, and difficulties with disposal... |
Second law of thermodynamics History Second_principle_of_thermodynamics > History Equivalently, it says that time average and average over the statistical ensemble are the same. There is a traditional doctrine, starting with Clausius, that entropy can be understood in terms of molecular 'disorder' within a macroscopic ... |
Cardiovascular examination Percussion and Auscultation Cardiovascular_examination > Cardiac examination > Percussion and Auscultation For the best cardiac examination, it is important to have the patient both sit up and lay down at a 30-45˚ angle. Tapping with the fingertips (also known as percussion) can be used to es... |
Opposite vector Representations Antiparallel_vector > Representations These numbers are often arranged into a column vector or row vector, particularly when dealing with matrices, as follows: Another way to represent a vector in n-dimensions is to introduce the standard basis vectors. For instance, in three dimensions,... |
Short interspersed nuclear element microRNAs Short_interspersed_nuclear_element > Diseases > microRNAs The role of short-interspersed nuclear elements in gene regulation within cells has been supported by multiple studies. One such study examined the correlation between a certain family of SINEs with microRNAs (in zebr... |
Void type Summary Void_type The void type, in several programming languages derived from C and Algol68, is the return type of a function that returns normally, but does not provide a result value to its caller. Usually such functions are called for their side effects, such as performing some task or writing to their ou... |
Compression member Description Compression_member > Description For a compression member, such as a column, the principal stress comes mainly from axial forces, that is forces that fall along one line, usually the centerline. The loading capacity of a short column is determined by the strength limit of the material. Th... |
Tetractys Pythagorean symbol Tetractys > Pythagorean symbol The Tetractys is an equilateral triangle formed from the sequence of the first ten numbers aligned in four rows. It is both a mathematical idea and a metaphysical symbol that embraces within itself—in seedlike form—the principles of the natural world, the har... |
Major basic protein Structure Major_basic_protein > Structure Structurally the major basic protein (MBP) is similar to lectins (sugar-binding proteins), and has a fold similar to that seen in C-type lectins. However, unlike other C-type lectins (those that bind various carbohydrates in the presence of calcium), MBP doe... |
Boethius De topicis differentiis Boethius > Major works > De topicis differentiis "This is the basis for the idea that demonstration (or the construction of arguments) is dependent ultimately upon ideas or proofs that are known so well and are so fundamental to human understanding of logic that no other proofs come bef... |
Catoptric tessellation Enumeration Catoptric_tessellation > Enumeration The pairs of architectonic and catoptric tessellations are listed below with their symmetry group. These tessellations only represent four symmetry space groups, and also all within the cubic crystal system. Many of these tessellations can be defin... |
Fickett–Jacobs cycle Thermal Efficiency Fickett–Jacobs_cycle > Mathematical interpretation of the cycle's total work > Thermal Efficiency The thermal efficiency decreases when the initial pressure decreases due to the increasing in dissociation at low pressures. Dissociation is an endothermic process, hence reducing th... |
Finite model theory Summary Finite_model_theory In other words: "In the history of mathematical logic most interest has concentrated on infinite structures. Yet, the objects computers have and hold are always finite. To study computation we need a theory of finite structures." Thus the main application areas of finite ... |
Uniparental disomy Pathophysiology Uniparental_disomy > Pathophysiology When the child receives two (identical) replica copies of a single homologue of a chromosome, this is called an isodisomic UPD. Isodisomy (homozygous) indicates either a meiosis II (if the gene loci in question didn't cross over) or postzygotic chr... |
Geologic sequestration of CO2 Surface Geologic_sequestration_of_CO2 > Monitoring > Surface Eddy covariance is a surface monitoring technique that measures the flux of CO2 from the ground's surface. It involves measuring CO2 concentrations as well as vertical wind velocities using an anemometer. This provides a measure ... |
Minichromosome Top-down Minichromosome > Production > Top-down This method utilizes the mechanism of telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation (TMCT). This process is the generation of truncation by selective transformation of telomeric sequences into a host genome. This insertion causes the generation of more telomeric... |
Protein toxicity Symptoms Protein_toxicity > Symptoms Most of the problems stem from the accumulation of unfiltered toxins and wastes from protein metabolism. Kidney function naturally declines with age due to the gradual loss of nephrons (filters) in the kidney. Common causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes... |
Water scarcity Population growth Water_scarcity > Causes and contributing factors > Population growth Around fifty years ago, the common view was that water was an infinite resource. At that time, there were fewer than half the current number of people on the planet. People were not as wealthy as today, consumed fewer ... |
Stress (mechanics) History Stress_path > History Humans have known about stress inside materials since ancient times. Until the 17th century, this understanding was largely intuitive and empirical, though this did not prevent the development of relatively advanced technologies like the composite bow and glass blowing.O... |
Smart manufacturing 3D printing Smart_manufacturing > 3D printing As of 2019, 3D printing is mainly used in rapid prototyping, design iteration, and small-scale production. Improvements in speed, quality, and materials could make it useful in mass production and mass customization.However, 3D printing developed so much... |
Industrial Ecology Summary Industrial_Ecology Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into products and services wh... |
Kernel density estimation Example Kernel_density_estimate > Example Kernel density estimates are closely related to histograms, but can be endowed with properties such as smoothness or continuity by using a suitable kernel. The diagram below based on these 6 data points illustrates this relationship: For the histogram,... |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genes and genomes DNA_molecule > Biological functions > Genes and genomes A gene is a unit of heredity and is a region of DNA that influences a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes contain an open reading frame that can be transcribed, and regulatory sequences such as promoters and enha... |
Equilibrium chemistry Partition Equilibrium_chemistry > Partition Such a compound may exist with a different extent of protonation depending on pH and the acid dissociation constant. Because the organic phase has a low dielectric constant the species with no electrical charge will be the most likely one to pass from th... |
Time integral Line integrals and surface integrals Time_integral > Extensions > Line integrals and surface integrals The value of the line integral is the sum of values of the field at all points on the curve, weighted by some scalar function on the curve (commonly arc length or, for a vector field, the scalar product ... |
Hauke Harder Works Hauke_Harder > Works "Hyperfine structure of rotational transitions of 14NF3 in the v4 = 1 vibrational state". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 230 (1): 99–101. |
Basis (universal algebra) Vector space algebras Basis_(universal_algebra) > Examples > Vector space algebras Still it is allowed, in case it serves some purpose. When the space is zero-dimensional, its ordered basis is empty. Then, being the empty function, it is a present basis. Yet, since this space only contains the... |
Döbereiner's triads Summary Döbereiner's_triads Take the example of F (Fluorine), Cl (Chlorine), and Br (Bromine). The atomic mass of Cl is not an arithmetic mean of the atomic masses of F and Br. As the techniques for accurately measuring atomic masses improved, the Döbereiner’s triad was found to fail to remain stric... |
Doublet lens Advantages Doublet_(lens) > Cement > Advantages Cementing elements can simplify raytracing operations as the cement may nearly always be ignored, with the tracer treating the ray as if it refracts directly from one element into the next. Cemented groups may assist to decrease the physical length of the opt... |
PID algorithm Relay (Åström–Hägglund) method PID_algorithm > Loop tuning > Relay (Åström–Hägglund) method Published in 1984 by Karl Johan Åström and Tore Hägglund, the relay method temporarily operates the process using bang-bang control and measures the resultant oscillations. The output is switched (as if by a relay,... |
Sternocostal surface of heart Summary Human_heart Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, as well as with ECG, echocardiogram, a... |
G Is for Genes Train New Teachers in Genetics and Give Them Tools to Put it Into Practice G_Is_for_Genes > Part Two: In Practice > Train New Teachers in Genetics and Give Them Tools to Put it Into Practice Include a course on genetics of learning in teacher training and make useful information about personalization of ... |
History of the periodic table Electron shell and quantum mechanics History_of_the_periodic_table > Atomic theory and isotopes > Electron shell and quantum mechanics Bohr proposed that elements in the same group behaved similarly because they have similar electron configurations, and that noble gases had filled valence ... |
Half-integer Sphere volume Half-integer > Uses > Sphere volume Although the factorial function is defined only for integer arguments, it can be extended to fractional arguments using the gamma function. The gamma function for half-integers is an important part of the formula for the volume of an n-dimensional ball of r... |
Exponential tree Summary Exponential_tree An exponential tree is a type of search tree where the number of children of its nodes decreases doubly-exponentially with increasing depth. Values are stored only in the leaf nodes. Each node contains a splitter, a value less than or equal to all values in the subtree which is... |
Paralytic polio Signs and symptoms Polio > Signs and symptoms These symptoms are temporary and full recovery occurs within one or two weeks.In about 1 percent of infections the virus can migrate from the gastrointestinal tract into the central nervous system (CNS). Most patients with CNS involvement develop nonparalyti... |
Batch normalization Decoupling Batch_normalization > Theoretical Understanding > Decoupling Another possible reason for the success of batch normalization is that it decouples the length and direction of the weight vectors and thus facilitates better training. By interpreting batch norm as a reparametrization of weight... |
OptiSLang History OptiSLang > History Since the 1980s, research teams at the University of Innsbruck and Bauhaus-Universität Weimar had been developing algorithms for optimization and reliability analysis in conjunction with finite element simulations. As a result, the software "Structural Language (SLang)" was created... |
Tracing just-in-time compilation History Tracing_just-in-time_compilation > History It enables the use of tracing JITs for language implementations that were written with PyPy's translation toolchain, thus improving the performance of any program that is executed using that interpreter. This is possible by tracing the ... |
System equivalence Overview System_equivalence > Overview This testing is necessary when designing new complex systems that have many components. Businesses do not want to spend millions of dollars on a system that does not perform the way that they were expecting. Using the equivalent system technique, engineers can v... |
Mental causation Physicalist solutions Mental_causation > Traditional solutions > Physicalist solutions The other major option is to assert that mental events are either (at least contingently) identical to physical events, or supervene on physical events. Views that fall under this general heading are called physicali... |
Center for Democracy and Technology Student privacy Center_for_Democracy_and_Technology > Project teams > Student privacy The CDT advocates for student data privacy due to the massive amounts of data being collected by school districts across the country, while also not having proper security measures in place to prote... |
Toll bridge History Toll_bridge > History The practice of collecting tolls on bridges harks back to the days of ferry crossings where people paid a fee to be ferried across stretches of water. As boats became impractical to carry large loads, ferry operators looked for new sources of revenue. Having built a bridge, the... |
Singular Value Decomposition Relation to eigenvalue decomposition Singular-value_decomposition > SVD and spectral decomposition > Relation to eigenvalue decomposition The columns of U (referred to as left-singular vectors) are eigenvectors of MM⁎. The non-zero elements of Σ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\Sigma } } (non-zero ... |
Randomized weighted majority algorithm Uses of Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm (RWMA) Randomized_weighted_majority_algorithm > Uses of Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm (RWMA) The Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm can be used to combine multiple algorithms in which case RWMA can be expected to perform ... |
Aircraft bridge Construction Aircraft_bridge > Construction Aircraft bridges must be designed for the substantial forces exerted by aircraft braking, affecting the lateral load in substructure design. Braking force of 70 percent of the live load is assumed in two recent taxiway bridge designs. And "deck design is more ... |
Hemolysin α-hemolysin Hemolysin > Mechanism > Staphylococcus aureus hemolysins > α-hemolysin Secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, this toxin binds with the outer membrane, with subsequent oligomerization of the toxin monomers to form water-filled channels. These are responsible for osmotic phenomena, cell depolarization ... |
Oligosaprobe Summary Oligosaprobe Oligosaprobes are organisms that inhabit clean water or water that is only slightly polluted by organic matter. Oxidation processes predominate in such waters owing to an excess of dissolved oxygen. Nitrates are among the nitrogen compounds present; there is little carbonic acid and no... |
Risk-return spectrum Leverage extends the spectrum Risk-return_spectrum > Leverage extends the spectrum The use of leverage can extend the progression out even further. Examples of this include borrowing funds to invest in equities, or use of derivatives. If leverage is used then there are two lines instead of one. Thi... |
Thermodynamically stable Outside chemistry Thermodynamic_stability > Outside chemistry In everyday language, and often in materials science, a chemical substance is said to be "stable" if it is not particularly reactive in the environment or during normal use, and retains its useful properties on the timescale of its e... |
Proof of knowledge Schnorr protocol Proof_of_knowledge > Protocols > Schnorr protocol After receiving c {\displaystyle c} , the prover sends the third and last message (the response) s = r + c x {\displaystyle s=r+cx} reduced modulo the order of the group.The verifier accepts, if g s = t y c {\displaystyle g^{s}=ty^{c}... |
Causal dynamical triangulation Related theories Causal_dynamical_triangulation > Related theories CDT has some similarities with loop quantum gravity, especially with its spin foam formulations. For example, the Lorentzian Barrett–Crane model is essentially a non-perturbative prescription for computing path integrals, ... |
Equimolar counterdiffusion Diffusion Equimolar_counterdiffusion > Diffusion The rate at which diffusion occurs depends on the state of the molecules: it occurs at a high rate in gases, a slower rate in liquids, and an even slower rate in solids. In gases, molecular diffusion is dependent on pressure and temperature. Th... |
Plato's problem Universal grammar Plato's_problem > Contemporary parallels > Linguistics > Universal grammar These subjects are interrelated and viewed as evidence in support of the theory of UG. One of the simplest ways to approach the concept of universal grammar is to pose a hypothetical question about an aspect of ... |
Steroid-induced osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment Steroid-induced_osteoporosis > Prevention and Treatment Importantly, FRAX does not take into account the dose and duration of glucocorticoid.The International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Calcified Tissue Society recommend pharmacological therapy for ost... |
Shake it Up Australia Foundation Parkinson's disease Shake_it_Up_Australia_Foundation > Parkinson's disease When dopamine levels are depleted, the motor system nerves are unable to control movement and coordination. Over time, the dopamine producing cells are lost and motor type symptoms occur. People live with Parkins... |
Gompertz curve Gompertz curve Gompertz_function > Applications > Gompertz curve Population biology is especially concerned with the Gompertz function. This function is especially useful in describing the rapid growth of a certain population of organisms while also being able to account for the eventual horizontal asymp... |
Transition curve Geometry Transition_curve > Geometry While railroad track geometry is intrinsically three-dimensional, for practical purposes the vertical and horizontal components of track geometry are usually treated separately.The overall design pattern for the vertical geometry is typically a sequence of constant ... |
Rendezvous hashing Properties Rendezvous_hashing > Problem Definition and Approach > Properties Remapping is required only for objects currently mapped to the failed site, and disruption is minimal.Rendezvous hashing has the following properties: Low overhead: The hash function used is efficient, so overhead at the cli... |
Molybdenum blue Isopoly molybdenum blues Molybdenum_blue > Isopoly molybdenum blues Before then it was well known that there were polymolybdates of Mo(VI). Molybdenum(VI)oxide, MoO3, when dissolved in aqueous alkali forms the tetrahedral molybdate anion, MoO2−4. Dissolving molybdate salts in strong acid produces "molyb... |
Intel 64 Real mode Intel_64 > AMD64 > Operating modes > Legacy mode > Real mode Real mode is the initial mode of operation when the processor is initialized, and is a submode of legacy mode. It is backwards compatible with the original Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 processors. Real mode is primarily used today by operating... |
Ct colonography Disadvantages Ct_colonography > Disadvantages Some research has demonstrated that ultra-low dose VC can be just as effective in demonstrating bowel disease due to the great difference in x-ray absorption between air and the tissue comprising the inner wall of the colon. Optical colonoscopy is taken as t... |
Concurrent algorithm Models Concurrent_programming_language > Models Input/output automata were introduced in 1987. Logics such as Lamport's TLA+, and mathematical models such as traces and Actor event diagrams, have also been developed to describe the behavior of concurrent systems. Software transactional memory borro... |
Integration by parts Functions multiplied by unity Integration_by_parts > Applications > Finding antiderivatives > Functions multiplied by unity Two other well-known examples are when integration by parts is applied to a function expressed as a product of 1 and itself. This works if the derivative of the function is kn... |
Model elimination Summary Model_elimination Model Elimination is the name attached to a pair of proof procedures invented by Donald W. Loveland, the first of which was published in 1968 in the Journal of the ACM. Their primary purpose is to carry out automated theorem proving, though they can readily be extended to log... |
Azure Cosmos DB Consistency levels Azure_Cosmos_DB > Global distribution > Consistency levels Data consistency is configurable on Cosmos DB, letting application developers choose among five different levels: Eventual does not guarantee any ordering and only ensures that replicas will eventually converge Consistent pref... |
Glossary of engineering: A–L E Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L > E Electromagnetic radiationIn physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes ra... |
Giuseppe Mingione Scientific activity Giuseppe_Mingione > Scientific activity These are indeed called partial regularity results and one of the main issues is to establish whether the dimension of the singular set is strictly less than the ambient dimension. This question has found a positive answer for general integra... |
John Wallis Geometry John_Wallis > Contributions to mathematics > Geometry The book was based on his father's thoughts and presented one of the earliest arguments for a non-Euclidean hypothesis equivalent to the parallel postulate. After reading this, Wallis then wrote about his ideas as he developed his own thoughts a... |
Septic shock Causes Septic_shock > Causes Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis... |
27 (number) In other fields 27_(number) > In other fields Twenty-seven is also: A-27, American attack aircraft. The code for international direct-dial phone calls to South Africa. The name of a cigarette, Marlboro Blend No. 27. The number of the French department Eure. One of the anthropomorphic math symbols Lisa Simps... |
Valence orbital Summary Valence_shell In chemistry and physics, a valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed. In a single covalent bond, a shared pair forms with both atoms in the bond each con... |
Stress (mechanics) Analysis Stress_path > Analysis Stress analysis is a branch of applied physics that covers the determination of the internal distribution of internal forces in solid objects. It is an essential tool in engineering for the study and design of structures such as tunnels, dams, mechanical parts, and str... |
300 (number) 331 300_(number) > Integers from 301 to 399 > 330s > 331 331 is a prime number, super-prime, cuban prime, sum of five consecutive primes (59 + 61 + 67 + 71 + 73), centered pentagonal number, centered hexagonal number, and Mertens function returns 0. |
Genetically modified animal Amphibians Genetically_modified_livestock > Amphibians Transfecting axolotl cells is thought to be more difficult because of the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This technique allows spinal cord cells to be labeled and is very important in studying limb regeneration in many ot... |
Eukaryogenesis Context Eukaryogenesis > Context Life arose on Earth once it had cooled enough for oceans to form. The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) was an organism which had ribosomes and the genetic code; it lived some 4 billion years ago. It gave rise to two main branches of prokaryotic life, the bacteria and... |
Function-Behaviour-Structure ontology Applications Function-Behaviour-Structure_ontology > Applications As such, the FBS ontology becomes the FCBPSS ontology. In the FCBPSS ontology, the definition of Function and Structure remains the same as that in the FBS ontology. The concepts of Behavior, Context, Principle, and ... |
Geometric mean theorem Theorem and applications Geometric_mean_theorem > Theorem and applications For such a rectangle with sides p and q we denote its top left vertex with D. Now we extend the segment q to its left by p (using arc AE centered on D) and draw a half circle with endpoints A and B with the new segment p +... |
P-matrix Spectra of P-matrices P-matrix > Spectra of P-matrices By a theorem of Kellogg, the eigenvalues of P- and P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} - matrices are bounded away from a wedge about the negative real axis as follows: If { u 1 , . . . , u n } {\displaystyle \{u_{1},...,u_{n}\}} are the eigenvalues of an n-dimensio... |
Historical myth Evolution and paleontology Historical_myth > Science, technology, and mathematics > Biology > Evolution and paleontology The word theory in "the theory of evolution" does not imply scientific doubt regarding its validity; the concepts of theory and hypothesis have specific meanings in a scientific conte... |
MO diagram Heteronuclear diatomics Molecular_orbital_diagram > Heteronuclear diatomics In hydrogen fluoride (HF), the hydrogen 1s orbital can mix with fluorine 2pz orbital to form a sigma bond because experimentally the energy of 1s of hydrogen is comparable with 2p of fluorine. The HF electron configuration 1σ22σ23σ21... |
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