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Axonal initial segment Anatomy Axonal_initial_segment > Anatomy A similar arrangement is seen in the cerebellum. Bundles of myelinated axons make up the nerve tracts in the CNS. Where these tracts cross the midline of the brain to connect opposite regions they are called commissures. The largest of these is the corpus ... |
Structural recursion Examples Structural_induction > Examples the induction hypothesis). That is, p ≤ 2g − 1 and q ≤ 2h − 1 can be assumed, where g and h denotes the number of generations the father's and the mother's subtree extends over, respectively, and p and q denote the numbers of persons they show. In case g ≤ h... |
Stiff-person syndrome Signs and symptoms Stiff-person_syndrome > Signs and symptoms Chronic pain is common and worsens over time, but sometimes acute pain occurs, as well. Stress, cold weather, and infections lead to an increase in symptoms, and sleep decreases them.SPS patients experience superimposed spasms and extre... |
Curtain wall (architecture) Loads Curtain_wall_(architecture) > Design concerns > Loads The loads imposed on the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure through the anchors which attach the mullions to the building. Dead loadDead load is defined as the weight of structural elements and the permanent feat... |
Defect zero Ring theory interpretation Modular_representation > Ring theory interpretation Given a field K and a finite group G, the group algebra K (which is the K-vector space with K-basis consisting of the elements of G, endowed with algebra multiplication by extending the multiplication of G by linearity) is an Art... |
Chronic obstructive lung disease Other tests Chronic_lower_respiratory_disease > Diagnosis > Other tests A chest X-ray is not useful to establish a diagnosis of COPD but it is of use in either excluding other conditions or including comorbidities such as pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Characteristic signs of CO... |
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Atherosclerosis Arachidonate_5-lipoxygenase > Human genetics > Atherosclerosis Bearers of two variations in the predominant five tandem repeat Sp1 binding motif (GGGCCGG) of the ALOX5 gene promoter in 470 subjects (non-Hispanic whites, 55.1%; Hispanics, 29.6%; Asian or Pacific Islander, 7.7&... |
Acid Reflux Proton-pump inhibitors Gastro-esophageal_reflux_disease > Treatment > Medications > Proton-pump inhibitors When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. H2 receptor blockers lead to rough... |
Van der Waals sphere Van der Waals equation of state Atomic_volume > Methods of determination > Van der Waals equation of state The van der Waals equation of state is the simplest and best-known modification of the ideal gas law to account for the behaviour of real gases: where p is pressure, n is the number of moles o... |
Gravitational theory Antiquity History_of_gravitational_theory > Antiquity In On Floating Bodies, Archimedes claimed that for any object submerged in a fluid there is an equivalent upward buoyant force to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object's volume. The fluids described by Archimedes are not self-gravitati... |
Peyton Young Evolutionary game theory Peyton_Young > Contributions > Evolutionary game theory Conventional concepts of dynamic stability, including the evolutionarily stable strategy concept, identify states from which small once-off deviations are self-correcting. These stability concepts are not appropriate for analy... |
Classifier constructions in sign languages Summary Classifier_handshape The relative location of multiple entities can be represented iconically in two-handed constructions. Classifiers share some limited similarities with the gestures of hearing non-signers. Those who do not know the sign language can often guess the ... |
Aristotle Memory Aristotle > Natural philosophy > Psychology > Memory Recollection is thus the self-directed activity of retrieving the information stored in a memory impression. Only humans can remember impressions of intellectual activity, such as numbers and words. Animals that have perception of time can retrieve m... |
62 (number) In mathematics 62_(number) > In mathematics the tenth member of the 7-aliquot tree (7, 8, 10, 14, 20, 22, 34, 38, 49, 62, 75, 118, 148, etc). It has an aliquot sum of 34; itself a discrete semiprime, and its aliquot sequence is: 62,34,20,22,14,10,8,7,1,0. The 20th & 21st, 72nd & 73rd, 75th & 76th digits of ... |
Particle velocity level Summary Particle_velocity_level Particle velocity (denoted v or SVL) is the velocity of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. The SI unit of particle velocity is the metre per second (m/s). In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound, but it ca... |
Murai reaction Ru(II) catalysts Murai_reaction > Mechanism > Ru(II) catalysts Following oxidative addition of H2 (6), the complex reductively eliminates the product to give the product agostically bound to the complex. Coordination of another acetophenone molecule regenerates complex 2. == References == |
Quantum uncertainty Quantum harmonic oscillator stationary states Uncertainty_Principle > Examples > Quantum harmonic oscillator stationary states Consider a one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator. It is possible to express the position and momentum operators in terms of the creation and annihilation operators: Us... |
Process management (computing) Process termination Process_management_(computing) > Process termination There are many reasons for process termination: Batch job issues halt instruction User logs off Process executes a service request to terminate Error and fault conditions Normal completion Time limit exceeded Memory ... |
Entropy (energy dispersal) Texts using the energy dispersal approach Entropy_(energy_dispersal) > Further reading > Texts using the energy dispersal approach Petrucci, Harwood, and Herring. General Chemistry, 9th ed. Silberberg, M.S., 2006. |
History of special relativity Electromagnetic mass History_of_special_relativity > Aether and electrodynamics of moving bodies > Electromagnetic mass During his development of Maxwell's Theory, J. J. Thomson (1881) recognized that charged bodies are harder to set in motion than uncharged bodies. Electrostatic fields be... |
Link page Summary Link_page A link page is a type of web page that contains a list of links the website owner finds notable to mention, such as partner organizations, clients, friends, hobbies, or related projects. Links pages were popular on personal websites during the Web 1.0 era, functioning similarly to webrings a... |
Hashcash Sender's side Hashcash > Technical details > Sender's side The number of times that the sender needs to try to get a valid hash value is modeled by geometric distribution. Hence the sender will on average have to try 220 values to find a valid header. Given reasonable estimates of the time needed to compute th... |
Bloom filter Probability of false positives Bloom_filters > Probability of false positives Each of the k array positions computed by the hash functions is 1 with a probability as above. The probability of all of them being 1, which would cause the algorithm to erroneously claim that the element is in the set, is often ... |
Blocking antibody Cancer treatment Blocking_antibody > Uses > Cancer treatment The blocking antibody does not directly target tumor cells, but rather blocks the regulatory functions of CTLA-4, resulting in enhanced T-cell function.Some new treatments hypothesize the blocking of PD-1, a programmed cell-death protein, wh... |
Algorithmic game theory Nisan-Ronen: a new framework for studying algorithms Algorithmic_game_theory > History > Nisan-Ronen: a new framework for studying algorithms In this model the algorithmic solution is adorned with payments to the participants and is termed a mechanism. The payments should be carefully chosen as ... |
Diffraction topography Basic principle of topography Diffraction_topography > Basic principle of topography When the beam hits the crystalline sample, Bragg diffraction occurs, i.e. the incident wave is reflected by the atoms on certain lattice planes of the sample, on condition that it hits those planes at the right B... |
Valence electrons Valence shell Valence_shell > Valence shell The valence shell is the set of orbitals which are energetically accessible for accepting electrons to form chemical bonds. For main-group elements, the valence shell consists of the ns and np orbitals in the outermost electron shell. For transition metals t... |
Log bridge Summary Log_bridge A log bridge is a timber bridge that uses logs that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. The first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees.The use of emplaced logs is now sometimes used in temporary bridges used for lo... |
Ceramic Engineering Modern industry Ceramic-filled_epoxy > Modern industry Ceramic engines do not require a cooling system and hence allow a major weight reduction and therefore greater fuel efficiency. Fuel efficiency of the engine is also higher at high temperature, as shown by Carnot's theorem. In a conventional met... |
General-purpose operating system Memory management General-purpose_operating_system > Components > Kernel > Memory management This system of memory management is almost never seen any more, since programs often contain bugs which can cause them to exceed their allocated memory. If a program fails, it may cause memory u... |
Radio receiver The superheterodyne design Radio_receivers > How receivers work > The superheterodyne design Without an input filter the receiver can receive incoming RF signals at two different frequencies,. The receiver can be designed to receive on either of these two frequencies; if the receiver is designed to recei... |
Population collapse Increase the productivity of the workforce Population_collapse > National efforts to confront declining populations > Increase the productivity of the workforce Development economists would call increasing the size of the workforce "extensive growth". They would call increasing the productivity of t... |
Determinant (mathematics) Further methods Determinant > Calculation > Further methods For example, the Gaussian elimination (or LU decomposition) method is of order O ( n 3 ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {O} (n^{3})} , but the bit length of intermediate values can become exponentially long. By comparison, the Bareiss... |
Cognitive Model Language acquisition Cognitive_modelling > Dynamical systems > Early dynamical systems > Language acquisition This means that representations are sensitive to context, with mental representations viewed as trajectories through mental space instead of objects that are constructed and remain static. Elman... |
Vaccine overload Pain mitigation for children Vaccine_hesitancy > Countermeasures > Pain mitigation for children Parents may be hesitant to have their children vaccinated due to concerns about the pain of vaccination. Several strategies can be used to reduce the child's pain. Such strategies include distraction techniq... |
Electrolithoautotroph Summary Electrolithoautotroph An electrolithoautotroph is an organism which feeds on electricity. These organisms use electricity to convert carbon dioxide into organic matter by using electrons directly taken from solid-inorganic electron donors. Electrolithoautotrophs are microorganisms which ar... |
Inferring horizontal gene transfer Evaluation Inferring_horizontal_gene_transfer > Evaluation Such HGT events can be simulated through subtree pruning and regrafting rearrangements of the species tree. However, it is important to simulate data that are realistic enough to be representative of the challenge provided by ... |
Smart materials Types Smart_materials > Types Shape-memory alloys and shape-memory polymers are materials in which large deformation can be induced and recovered through temperature changes or stress changes (pseudoelasticity). The shape memory effect results due to respectively martensitic phase change and induced ela... |
Desert greening Importance of trees Desert_greening > Importance of trees A main component of desert greening is the planting of trees. Trees store water, inhibit soil erosion through wind, raise water from underlying aquifers, reduce evaporation after a rain, attract animals (and thereby fertility through feces), and ... |
Universal coefficient theorem Universal coefficient theorem for cohomology Universal_coefficient_theorem > Universal coefficient theorem for cohomology {\displaystyle h()()=f(x).} An alternative point-of-view can be based on representing cohomology via Eilenberg–MacLane space where the map h takes a homotopy class of m... |
Directed evolution Screening Directed_evolution > Principles > Detecting fitness differences > Screening An alternative to selection is a screening system. Each variant gene is individually expressed and assayed to quantitatively measure the activity (most often by a colourgenic or fluorogenic product). The variants ar... |
Radiative heat transfer Summary Radiation_properties : 73–86 Particle motion results in charge-acceleration or dipole oscillation which produces electromagnetic radiation. Infrared radiation emitted by animals (detectable with an infrared camera) and cosmic microwave background radiation are examples of thermal radiati... |
Biological applications of bifurcation theory Biological networks and dynamical systems Biological_applications_of_bifurcation_theory > Biological networks and dynamical systems Biological networks originate from evolution and therefore have less standardized components and potentially more complex interactions than ne... |
Dynamic IP address Address translation Static_IP_address > Address translation In residential networks, NAT functions are usually implemented in a residential gateway. In this scenario, the computers connected to the router have private IP addresses and the router has a public address on its external interface to commu... |
Intrinsic reaction coordinate Degrees of freedom Energy_profile_(chemistry) > Potential energy surfaces > Degrees of freedom These internal coordinates may be represented by simple stretch, bend, torsion coordinates, or symmetry-adapted linear combinations, or redundant coordinates, or normal modes coordinates, etc. Fo... |
The Loop (CTA) Station listing The_Loop_(CTA) > Station listing This lists each station beginning at the northwest corner and moving counterclockwise around the loop: south along Wells Street, east along Van Buren Street, north along Wabash Avenue, and west along Lake Street. |
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Causes Common_Variable_Immunodeficiency > Causes Genetic mutations can be identified as the cause of disease in about 10% of people, while familial inheritance accounts for 10–25% of cases. Rather than arising from a single genetic mutation, CVID seems to result from a variety of mutati... |
Macro Assembler Terminology Cross_assembler > Terminology A macro assembler is an assembler that includes a macroinstruction facility so that (parameterized) assembly language text can be represented by a name, and that name can be used to insert the expanded text into other code. Open code refers to any assembler inpu... |
Circuit design Design Circuit_design > Design Finally, the individual circuit components are chosen to carry out each function in the overall design; at this stage, the physical layout and electrical connections of each component are also decided, this layout commonly taking the form of artwork for the production of a ... |
Taylor polynomials Geometric series Taylor_polynomials > List of Maclaurin series of some common functions > Geometric series The geometric series and its derivatives have Maclaurin series 1 1 − x = ∑ n = 0 ∞ x n 1 ( 1 − x ) 2 = ∑ n = 1 ∞ n x n − 1 1 ( 1 − x ) 3 = ∑ n = 2 ∞ ( n − 1 ) n 2 x n − 2 . {\displaystyle {\begi... |
Wood screw Historical use Wood_screw > Differentiation between bolt and screw > Terminology > Historical use The 'carriage' bolt was derived from this and was employed more to speed up manufacturing than achieve a different function. The carriage bolt passes through both pieces of materials and employs a nut to provide... |
Methodology of science Scientific inquiry Scientific_process > Scientific inquiry Scientific inquiry generally aims to obtain knowledge in the form of testable explanations that scientists can use to predict the results of future experiments. This allows scientists to gain a better understanding of the topic under stud... |
Adaptive immune response Evolution Active_immunity > Evolution Like TCR and Ig, the MHC is found only in jawed vertebrates. Genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, as well as the class I and class II genes, are closely linked within the MHC of almost all studied species. Lymphoid cells can be identified ... |
Name decoration Summary Name_mangling Any object code produced by compilers is usually linked with other pieces of object code (produced by the same or another compiler) by a type of program called a linker. The linker needs a great deal of information on each program entity. For example, to correctly link a function i... |
Cancer biomarkers Risk assessment Cancer_biomarker > Role of biomarkers in cancer research and medicine > Uses of biomarkers in cancer medicine > Risk assessment Cancer biomarkers, particular those associated with genetic mutations or epigenetic alterations, often offer a quantitative way to determine when individuals ... |
Trilaciclib Summary Trilaciclib Trilaciclib, sold under the brand name Cosela, is a medication used to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression.The most common side effects include fatigue; low levels of calcium, potassium and phosphate; increased levels of an enzyme called aspartate aminotr... |
Helek Summary Helek A helek is 31/3 seconds or 1/18 minute. The helek derives from a small Babylonian time period called a she, meaning '"barleycorn", itself equal to 1/72 of a Babylonian time degree (1° of celestial rotation). 360 degrees × 72 shes per degree / 24 hours = 1080 shes per hour.The Hebrew calendar defines... |
Fracture in polymers Fatigue Fracture_in_polymers > Fracture Mechanics in Polymers > Fatigue Four regimes were proposed: the steady-state regime, the linear regime, the power-law regime and the fourth regime where crack grows catastrophically. In the power-law regime, the relation is found to be similar to the Paris la... |
Metalog distribution Applications Metalog_distribution > Applications Metalogs have also been used to fit output data from simulations in order to represent those outputs as closed-form continuous distributions (both CDFs and PDFs). Used in this way, they are typically more stable and smoother than histograms. Sums of ... |
Quinolinic acid Parkinson's disease Quinolinic_acid > Clinical implications > Conditions related to neuronal death > Parkinson's disease Quinolinic acid neurotoxicity is thought to play a role in Parkinson's disease. Studies show that quinolinic acid is involved in the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the su... |
Email privacy Encryption Email_privacy > Technological workarounds > Encryption According to Hilarie Orman, mail encryption was first developed in the mid-1980s. She states that mail encryption is a powerful tool that protects one's email privacy. Although it is widely available, it is rarely used, with the majority of... |
Ovarian epithelial cancer Pathophysiology Ovary_cancer > Pathophysiology This structure needs to be repaired by dividing cells in the ovary. Continuous ovulation for a long time means more repair of the ovary by dividing cells, which can acquire mutations in each division.Overall, the most common gene mutations in ovar... |
General-purpose operating system Memory management General-purpose_operating_system > Components > Kernel > Memory management This is called a segmentation violation or Seg-V for short, and since it is both difficult to assign a meaningful result to such an operation, and because it is usually a sign of a misbehaving p... |
Wall-associated kinase Structure Wall-associated_kinase > Structure All the five WAK proteins have highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase domain (86% similarity) on the cytoplasmic side and an extracellular domain (only 40% to 64% similarity in amino acid sequences). Moreover, All of the isomers of WAK protei... |
Ontological catalogue Selected bibliography Theory_of_Categories > Selected bibliography Aristotle, 1953. Metaphysics. Ross, W. D., trans. Oxford University Press. |
Pythagorean hammers Antiquity Pythagorean_hammers > Reception > Antiquity The crucial point is that Pythagoras was initially prompted by sensory perception to formulate his question and hypotheses, and through empirical testing of hypotheses, he arrived at irrefutable certainty. The path to knowledge went from sensory ... |
ParABS system Summary ParABS_system The parABS system is a broadly conserved molecular mechanism for plasmid partitioning and chromosome segregation in bacteria. Originally identified as a genetic element required for faithful partitioning of low-copy-number plasmids, it consists of three components: the ParA ATPase, t... |
Banach Spaces Banach's theorems Banach_norm > General theory > Banach's theorems The Banach–Steinhaus theorem is not limited to Banach spaces. It can be extended for example to the case where X {\displaystyle X} is a Fréchet space, provided the conclusion is modified as follows: under the same hypothesis, there exists ... |
Surface filtration Concentration Surface_filtration > Techniques to improve performance > Concentration The volume of the fluid is reduced by allowing permeate flow to occur. Solvent, solutes, and particles smaller than the membrane pore size pass through the membrane, while particles larger than the pore size are reta... |
Azomethine ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions Azomethine_ylide > 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions While dipolarophiles are typically α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, there have been many recent advances in developing new types of dipolarophiles.When the dipole and dipolarophile are part of the same molecul... |
Special Theory of Relativity How far can you travel from the Earth? Special_Theory_of_Relativity > Dynamics > How far can you travel from the Earth? This is described by: where v(t) is the velocity at a time t, a is the acceleration of the spaceship and t is the coordinate time as measured by people on Earth. Therefore... |
Coordinate acceleration Summary Proper_acceleration This weight, in turn, is produced by fictitious forces or "inertial forces" which appear in all such accelerated coordinate systems, in a manner somewhat like the weight produced by the "force of gravity" in systems where objects are fixed in space with regard to the ... |
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Relation of exchange equilibrium between systems Thermodynamical_equilibrium > Relation of exchange equilibrium between systems When two systems are in contact equilibrium with respect to a particular kind of permeability, they have common values of the intensive variable that belongs to that ... |
Electricity Meter Electronic Electrical_meter > Operation > Electronic These inputs are then processed using a digital signal processor to calculate the various metering parameters. The largest source of long-term errors in the meter is drift in the preamp, followed by the precision of the voltage reference. |
Boundary layer control Summary Natural_laminar_flow Turbulent boundary layers are more resistant to separation. The energy in a boundary layer may need to be increased to keep it attached to its surface. Fresh air can be introduced through slots or mixed in from above. |
Electrocatalyst Background and theory Electrocatalyst > Background and theory In these systems, each of the two electrodes and its associated half-cell would require its own specialized electrocatalyst.Half-reactions involving multiple steps, multiple electron transfers, and the evolution or consumption of gases in the... |
Bunch–Davies vacuum Summary Bunch–Davies_vacuum_state The Bunch–Davies vacuum can also be described as being generated by an infinite time trace from the condition that the scale of quantum fluctuations is much smaller than the Hubble scale. The state possesses no quanta at the asymptotic past infinity.The Bunch–Davies... |
Blood gas Summary Blood_gas_analysis A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values, it also measures blood pH, and the level and base excess of bicarbonate. The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases... |
Liver fibrosis Summary Hepatic_cirrhosis Early symptoms may include tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, nausea and vomiting, and discomfort in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. As the disease worsens, symptoms may include itchiness, swelling in the lower legs, fluid build-up in the ab... |
Antigenic variation HIV-1 Antigenic_variation > In viruses > HIV-1 Although the CTL response in the acute phase is directed against limited number of epitopes, the epitopic repertoire increases with time due to viral escape. Additionally amino acid co-evolution is a challenging issue that needs to be addressed. For exa... |
B+ tree Intervals in internal nodes B+_tree > Structure > Intervals in internal nodes Internal nodes higher in the tree can then construct their own intervals, which recursively aggregate the intervals contained in their own child internal nodes. Eventually, the root of a B+ Tree represents the whole range of values in... |
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering O Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering > O one-line diagram A simplified schematic diagram of a power system. on-premises wiring Telecommunications wiring owned by the customer. open-circuit test A test, of a transformer or other device, with no load conn... |
Procedural justice The participation model Procedural_justice > Evaluating the fairness of different procedural systems > The participation model The idea of the participation model is that a fair procedure is one that affords those who are affected by an opportunity to participate in the making of the decision. In the... |
Alternative periodic tables Spatial Types_of_periodic_tables > Typology > Spatial This can aid in uncovering hidden connections and correlations among the elements. Flexibility and customization: Periodic tables of three or more dimensions offer flexibility in terms of their design and customization. Researchers, educa... |
Hydrodynamic stability Laboratory and computational experiments Hydrodynamic_instability > Analysing flow stability > Laboratory and computational experiments Laboratory experiments are a very useful way of gaining information about a given flow without having to use more complex mathematical techniques. Sometimes phys... |
Inorganic polymer Transition-metal-containing polymers Inorganic_polymer > Transition-metal-containing polymers Inorganic polymers also include materials with transition metals in the backbone. Examples are Polyferrocenes, Krogmann's salt and Magnus's green salt. |
Glucose oxidation reaction Anoxic regeneration of NAD+ Glycolysis > Post-glycolysis processes > Anoxic regeneration of NAD+ One method of doing this is to simply have the pyruvate do the oxidation; in this process, pyruvate is converted to lactate (the conjugate base of lactic acid) in a process called lactic acid ferm... |
Quantum radar Concept behind a microwave-range model Quantum_radar > Concept behind a microwave-range model A microwave-range model of a quantum radar was proposed in 2015 by an international team and is based on the protocol of Gaussian quantum illumination. The basic concept is to create a stream of entangled visible... |
Vibrational transition Summary Vibrational_transition Vibrational excitation can occur in conjunction with electronic excitation in the ultraviolet-visible region. The combined excitation is known as a vibronic transition, giving vibrational fine structure to electronic transitions, particularly for molecules in the ga... |
Long non coding RNA In aging and disease Long_noncoding_RNA > In aging and disease Likewise, genome-wide association studies identified a region associated with coronary artery disease that encompassed a long ncRNA, ANRIL. ANRIL is expressed in tissues and cell types affected by atherosclerosis and its altered expressi... |
Ion Optics Cylinder lens Ion_Optics > Cylinder lens Three cylinder lenses achieve the change of the magnification while holding the object and image positions because there are two gaps that work as lenses. Although the voltages have to change depending on the electron kinetic energy, the voltage ratio is kept constant... |
Locality-Sensitive Hashing Summary Locality-preserving_hashing It differs from conventional hashing techniques in that hash collisions are maximized, not minimized. Alternatively, the technique can be seen as a way to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data; high-dimensional input items can be reduced to low... |
Specific conductance Complex resistivity and conductivity Electrically_conductive > Complex resistivity and conductivity When analyzing the response of materials to alternating electric fields (dielectric spectroscopy), in applications such as electrical impedance tomography, it is convenient to replace resistivity wit... |
Mathematical research Areas of mathematics Fields_of_mathematics > Areas of mathematics Before the Renaissance, mathematics was divided into two main areas: arithmetic, regarding the manipulation of numbers, and geometry, regarding the study of shapes. Some types of pseudoscience, such as numerology and astrology, were... |
Straight-pull rifles Bolt knob Bolt_action > Operating the bolt > Bolt knob The bolt knob is the part of the bolt handle that the user grips when loading and reloading the firearm and thereby acts as a cocking handle. On many older firearms, the bolt knob is welded to the bolt handle, and as such becoming an integral p... |
Rainer Blatt Research Rainer_Blatt > Research Experimental physicist Rainer Blatt has carried out trail-blazing experiments in the fields of precision spectroscopy, quantum metrology and quantum information processing. He works with atoms caught in ion traps which he manipulates using laser beams. This work is based on... |
Biological data Applications of Deep Learning to Biological Data Biological_data > Applications of Deep Learning to Biological Data From that point onwards, different analyses may be performed, such as GE profiling splicing junction prediction, and protein-protein interaction evaluation may all be performed.Reinforceme... |
Markov Decision Process Reinforcement learning Policy_iteration > Extensions and generalizations > Reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning uses MDPs where the probabilities or rewards are unknown.For this purpose it is useful to define a further function, which corresponds to taking the action a {\displaystyle a}... |
Chemoprophylaxis Summary Chemoprophylaxis Chemoprevention or chemoprophylaxis refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection. Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly ... |
Dynamic Programming Control theory Dynamic_Programming > Overview > Control theory In practice, this generally requires numerical techniques for some discrete approximation to the exact optimization relationship. Alternatively, the continuous process can be approximated by a discrete system, which leads to a following ... |
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