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Electronic entropy Application to different materials classes Electronic_entropy > Application to different materials classes However, when oxides are metallic (i.e. the Fermi level lies within an unfilled, flat set of bands), oxides exhibit some of the largest electronic entropies of any material. Thermoelectric mater...
Eye contact Communicating attention Eye_contact > Effects > Communicating attention A person's direction of gaze may indicate to others where their attention lies.
Adaptive market hypothesis Summary Adaptive_market_hypothesis This suggests that investors are capable of an optimal dynamic allocation. Lo argues that much of what behaviorists cite as counterexamples to economic rationality—loss aversion, overconfidence, overreaction, and other behavioral biases—are consistent with a...
GotoBLAS Summary GotoBLAS GotoBLAS's matrix-matrix multiplication routine, called GEMM in BLAS terms, is highly tuned for the x86 and AMD64 processor architectures by means of handcrafted assembly code. It follows a similar decomposition into smaller "kernel" routines that other BLAS implementations use, but where earl...
Thermodynamical equilibrium Number of real variables needed for specification Equilibrium_state > Characteristics of a state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium > Number of real variables needed for specification Kirkwood and I. Oppenheim point out that a state of thermodynamic equilibrium may be defined by a special...
Photographic lens Summary Camera_lens While in principle a simple convex lens will suffice, in practice a compound lens made up of a number of optical lens elements is required to correct (as much as possible) the many optical aberrations that arise. Some aberrations will be present in any lens system. It is the job of...
Gradient-index optics In nature Gradient_index_lens > In nature The lens of the eye is the most obvious example of gradient-index optics in nature. In the human eye, the refractive index of the lens varies from approximately 1.406 in the central layers down to 1.386 in less dense layers of the lens. This allows the eye...
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Tunneling models Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol > Tunneling models An L2TP tunnel can extend across an entire PPP session or only across one segment of a two-segment session. This can be represented by four different tunneling models, namely: voluntary tunnel compulsory tunnel — incoming call com...
Pointer analysis Introduction Pointer_analysis > Introduction Flow sensitivity: An analysis can model the impact of intraprocedural control flow on points-to facts. Heap modeling: Run-time allocations may be abstracted by: their allocation sites (the statement or instruction that performs the allocation, e.g., a call t...
Prosopographical network Overview Prosopographical_network > Overview With the advent of the study of complex systems, graph theory provides analysts of historical groups and collective lives with relatively simple tools for answering questions such as: how many degrees of separation on average separate all members of ...
Borderline personality disorder Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Borderline_personality_disorder > Diagnosis > Diagnostic and Statistical Manual In addition, the DSM-5 proposes alternative diagnostic criteria for BPD in section III, "Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders". These alternative criteria are ba...
Methyl transferase Summary Methyl_transferase These types include protein methyltransferases, DNA/RNA methyltransferases, natural product methyltransferases, and non-SAM dependent methyltransferases. SAM is the classical methyl donor for methyltransferases, however, examples of other methyl donors are seen in nature. T...
Method of variation of parameters Intuitive explanation Variation_of_parameters > Intuitive explanation {\displaystyle x(t)=\int _{0}^{t}F(s)\sin(t-s)\,ds.} To verify that this satisfies the required equation: x ′ ( t ) = ∫ 0 t F ( s ) cos ⁡ ( t − s ) d s {\displaystyle x'(t)=\int _{0}^{t}F(s)\cos(t-s)\,ds} x ″ ( t ) =...
Arterial pressures Pulmonary pressure Diastolic_pressure > Pulmonary pressure Normally, the pressure in the pulmonary artery is about 15 mmHg at rest.Increased blood pressure in the capillaries of the lung causes pulmonary hypertension, leading to interstitial edema if the pressure increases to above 20 mmHg, and to pu...
Conformational analysis Equilibrium of conformers Alkane_stereochemistry > Free energy and equilibria of conformational isomers > Equilibrium of conformers (The "1.36 rule" is useful in general for estimation of equilibrium constants at room temperature from free energy differences. At lower temperatures, a smaller ene...
Permutation pattern Generalizations Permutation_pattern > Generalizations Another generalization is that of a barred pattern, in which some of the entries are barred. For π to avoid the barred pattern β means that every set of entries of π which form a copy of the nonbarred entries of β can be extended to form a copy o...
Heap overflow Consequences Heap_overflow > Consequences An accidental overflow may result in data corruption or unexpected behavior by any process that accesses the affected memory area. On operating systems without memory protection, this could be any process on the system. For example, a Microsoft JPEG GDI+ buffer ov...
Algorithm characterizations 1954 A. A. Markov Jr.'s characterization Algorithm_characterization > 1954 A. A. Markov Jr.'s characterization Andrey Markov Jr. (1954) provided the following definition of algorithm: "1. In mathematics, "algorithm" is commonly understood to be an exact prescription, defining a computational...
Cryptographic key types Summary Cryptographic_key_types A cryptographic key is a string of data that is used to lock or unlock cryptographic functions, including authentication, authorization and encryption. Cryptographic keys are grouped into cryptographic key types according to the functions they perform.
Technology stack Summary Solution_stack Typically, the name is an acronym representing the individual components.The term "solution stack" has, historically, occasionally included hardware components as part of a final product, mixing both the hardware and software in layers of support.A full-stack developer is expecte...
Rotational transition Sigma states Rotational_transition > Diatomic molecules > Rotational energy levels > Sigma states As nuclear motion for a stable molecule is generally confined to a small interval around R0 where R0 corresponds to internuclear distance for minimum value of potential Es(R0), rotational energies are...
Transactional memory History Transactional_memory > History One of the earliest implementations of transactional memory was the gated store buffer used in Transmeta's Crusoe and Efficeon processors. However, this was only used to facilitate speculative optimizations for binary translation, rather than any form of specu...
Central pattern generator Mechanism of rhythmic generators: post-inhibitory rebound Central_pattern_generator > Functions > Mechanism of rhythmic generators: post-inhibitory rebound Rhythmicity in CPG's can also result from time-dependent cellular properties such as adaptation, delayed excitation, and post-inhibitory r...
Rigid rotor General references Rotational_constant > General references Bibcode:1951RvMP...23..213V. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.23.213. McQuarrie, Donald A (1983).
High blood potassium Ineffective elimination High_blood_potassium > Causes > Ineffective elimination NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or celecoxib inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, leading to reduced production of renin and aldosterone, causing potassium retention. The antibiotic trimethoprim and the antiparasitic me...
Social statistician Reliability Social_statistics > Statistics in the social sciences > Reliability The use of statistics has become so widespread in the social sciences that many universities such as Harvard, have developed institutes focusing on "quantitative social science." Harvard's Institute for Quantitative Soci...
Power set algebra Basis Power_set_algebra > Basis The operations need not be all explicitly stated. A basis is any set from which the remaining operations can be obtained by composition. A "Boolean algebra" may be defined from any of several different bases.
Cognitive load Measurement Cognitive_load > Measurement Greater pupil dilation is found to be associated with high cognitive load. Pupil constriction occurs when there is low cognitive load. Task-invoked pupillary response shows a direct correlation with working memory, making it an effective measurement of cognitive l...
Pattern recognition receptors Neurodegenerative and metabolic disease Cytoplasmic_PRR > Clinical significance > Neurodegenerative and metabolic disease Through its induction of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 it has been proposed, that inhibition of inflammasome may also serve as an efficient therapeutic met...
Cube root Real numbers Cubic_root > Properties > Real numbers For any real number x, there is one real number y such that y3 = x. The cube function is increasing, so does not give the same result for two different inputs, and it covers all real numbers. In other words, it is a bijection, or one-to-one. Then we can defi...
Trihydrogen cation Destruction Protonated_molecular_hydrogen > Destruction The most common destruction pathway for OH+3 is dissociative recombination, yielding four possible sets of products: H2O + H, OH + H2, OH + 2H, and O + H2 + H. While water is a possible product of this reaction, it is not a very efficient produc...
Kelvin–Planck statement Introduction Second_law_of_thermodynamics > Introduction The first law of thermodynamics provides the definition of the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, and expresses its change for a closed system in terms of work and heat. It can be linked to the law of conservation of energy. Concep...
Residual stress Summary Residual_stress Residual stresses can result from a variety of mechanisms including inelastic (plastic) deformations, temperature gradients (during thermal cycle) or structural changes (phase transformation). Heat from welding may cause localized expansion, which is taken up during welding by ei...
Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase Regulation Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase > Regulation In the light reactions of photosynthesis, light energy powers the transport of electrons to eventually reduce ferredoxin. The enzyme ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase uses reduced ferredoxin to reduce thioredoxin from the disulfide form to...
Helium-6 Helium-3 Helium-9 > Helium-3 In stars, however, 3He is more abundant, a product of nuclear fusion. Extraplanetary material, such as lunar and asteroid regolith, has trace amounts of 3He from solar wind bombardment. For helium-3 to form a superfluid, it must be cooled to a temperature of 0.0025 K, or almost a t...
Rayleigh quotient Summary Rayleigh_quotient It can be shown that, for a given matrix, the Rayleigh quotient reaches its minimum value λ min {\displaystyle \lambda _{\min }} (the smallest eigenvalue of M {\displaystyle M} ) when x {\displaystyle x} is v min {\displaystyle v_{\min }} (the corresponding eigenvector). Simi...
Physical Chemistry Summary Physical_Chemistry Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles, practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical dynamics and...
Belief–desire–intention software model Extensions and hybrid systems Belief–desire–intention_software_model > BDI agent implementations > Extensions and hybrid systems JACK Teams CogniTAO (Think-As-One) Living Systems Process Suite Brahms JaCaMo
Vitamin D Research Vitamin_D > Research Another meta-analysis covering over 350,000 people concluded that vitamin D supplementation in unselected community-dwelling individuals does not reduce skeletal (total fracture) or non-skeletal outcomes (myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cerebrovascular dise...
Low energy nuclear reaction Excess heat and energy production Low_energy_nuclear_reaction > Reported results > Excess heat and energy production An excess heat observation is based on an energy balance. Various sources of energy input and output are continuously measured. Under normal conditions, the energy input can b...
Test Track Queue Test_Track > Ride overview > 1999–2012 > Queue During the first part of the queue, guests viewed a sample repair and test shop. As guests entered the queue in the welcome center they were shown tests performed on cars and parts before being released. The queue wound by different tests for tires and car...
Hopfian object Summary Hopfian_object In the branch of mathematics called category theory, a hopfian object is an object A such that any epimorphism of A onto A is necessarily an automorphism. The dual notion is that of a cohopfian object, which is an object B such that every monomorphism from B into B is necessarily a...
29 (number) Mathematics 29_(number) > Mathematics 29 is the tenth prime number, and the fourth primorial prime. 29 forms a twin prime pair with thirty-one, which is also a primorial prime. Twenty-nine is also the sixth Sophie Germain prime. 29 is the sum of three consecutive squares, 22 + 32 + 42.
Sludge treatment Anaerobic digestion Sludge_treatment > Treatment processes > Digestion > Anaerobic digestion The sludge is fed into large tanks and held for a minimum of 12 days to allow the digestion process to perform the four stages necessary to digest the sludge. These are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, a...
Fitts's law Welford's model: innovations driven by predictive power Fitts's_law > Welford's model: innovations driven by predictive power Not long after the original model was proposed, a 2-factor variation was proposed under the intuition that target distance and width have separate effects on movement time. Welford's...
Baroreflex Activation Baroreflex > Activation Sympathetic activation leads to an elevation of total peripheral resistance and cardiac output via increased contractility of the heart, heart rate, and arterial vasoconstriction, which tends to increase blood pressure. Conversely, parasympathetic activation leads to decrea...
The nervous system Cerebellum The_nervous_system > Structure > Brain > Cerebellum The cerebellum lies behind the pons. The cerebellum is composed of several dividing fissures and lobes. Its function includes the control of posture and the coordination of movements of parts of the body, including the eyes and head, as w...
Lie point symmetry Lie groups and Lie algebras of infinitesimal generators Lie_point_symmetry > Geometrical framework > Lie groups and Lie algebras of infinitesimal generators Lie algebras can be generated by a generating set of infinitesimal generators as defined above. To every Lie group, one can associate a Lie alge...
Dm-cache Use with LVM Dm-cache > Use with LVM Logical Volume Manager includes lvmcache, which provides a wrapper for dm-cache integrated with LVM.
BOINC client–server technology Summary BOINC_client–server_technology BOINC client–server technology refers to the model under which BOINC works. The BOINC framework consists of two layers which operate under the client–server architecture. Once the BOINC software is installed in a machine, the server starts sending ta...
Lorentz Force Law Charged particle Lorentz_Force_Law > Equation > Charged particle The force F acting on a particle of electric charge q with instantaneous velocity v, due to an external electric field E and magnetic field B, is given by (in SI units): where × is the vector cross product (all boldface quantities are ve...
Smart farming Machine learning Precision_agriculture > Emerging technologies > Machine learning Machine learning is commonly used in conjunction with drones, robots, and internet of things devices. It allows for the input of data from each of these sources. The computer then processes this information and sends the app...
Social learning theory Modeling and underlying cognitive processes Social_learning_theory > Theory > Modeling and underlying cognitive processes Attention is impacted by characteristics of the observer (e.g., perceptual abilities, cognitive abilities, arousal, past performance) and characteristics of the behavior or ev...
Inferior olive Summary Inferior_olive The inferior olivary nucleus (ION), is a structure found in the medulla oblongata underneath the superior olivary nucleus. In vertebrates, the ION is known to coordinate signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning. These connections ha...
Argon oxygen decarburization Desulfurization Argon_oxygen_decarburization > Process > Desulfurization After sulfur levels have been achieved the slag is removed from the AOD vessel and the metal bath is ready for tapping. The tapped bath is then either sent to a stir station for further chemistry trimming or to a caste...
Exceptional memory Neuroscience Exceptional_memory > Savants > Neuroscience has no episodic memory (which is highly associative or relational in nature) and must rely on memorizing facts. He will memorize entire conversations, so as to remember even general content later. He also remembers events by memorizing A-B-C pr...
Visual spatial attention Summary Visual_spatial_attention Visual spatial attention is a form of visual attention that involves directing attention to a location in space. Similar to its temporal counterpart visual temporal attention, these attention modules have been widely implemented in video analytics in computer vi...
Relativistic Doppler effect Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect Relativistic_Doppler_effect > Derivation > Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect The receiver will measure the received frequency to be Eq. 1: f r = f r , s γ {\displaystyle f_{r}=f_{r,s}\gamma } = 1 − β 1 − β 2 f s {\displaystyle ={\frac {1-\beta ...
Integrated Operations Contents of the term Integrated_Operations > Contents of the term The most striking part of IO has been the use of always-on videoconference rooms between offshore platforms and land-based offices. This includes broadband connections for sharing of data and video-surveillance of the platform. This...
Turing completeness Examples Turing_complete > Examples These two elements make this architecture Turing-complete. Even pure functional languages are Turing-complete.Turing completeness in declarative SQL is implemented through recursive common table expressions. Unsurprisingly, procedural extensions to SQL (PLSQL, etc...
Grammar induction Methodologies Grammatical_inference > Methodologies For approaches to infer subclasses of regular languages in particular, see Induction of regular languages. A more recent textbook is de la Higuera (2010), which covers the theory of grammatical inference of regular languages and finite state automata...
Iterated exponentiation Summary Tetration Tetration is also defined recursively as a ↑↑ n := { 1 if n = 0 , a a ↑↑ ( n − 1 ) if n > 0 , {\displaystyle {a\uparrow \uparrow n}:={\begin{cases}1&{\text{if }}n=0,\\a^{a\uparrow \uparrow (n-1)}&{\text{if }}n>0,\end{cases}}} allowing for attempts to extend tetration to non-nat...
Metre rule Evolution of the rule Metre_rule > Development of the International rule > Evolution of the rule The International rule eventually became the backbone of yacht racing. The Rule created a formula that took into account most problematic areas that had previously caused dissent among the racing nations. It does...
Meningococcal infection Treatment Neisseria_meningitidis > Treatment Persons with confirmed N. meningitidis infection should be hospitalized immediately for treatment with antibiotics. Because meningococcal disease can disseminate very rapidly, a single dose of intramuscular antibiotic is often given at the earliest po...
Immunopathology Cancer Immunopathology > Cancer Natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages are some examples of innate immune cells that can detect and eliminate cancer cells.Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is more specific and targeted. It involves the activation of T cells and B cells, which ca...
Diehard tests Test descriptions Diehard_tests > Test descriptions This test uses n = 224 and m = 29, so that the underlying distribution for j is taken to be Poisson with λ = 227 / 226 = 2. A sample of 500 js is taken, and a chi-square goodness of fit test provides a p value. The first test uses bits 1–24 (counting fro...
Protected Mode Operating systems Protected_Mode > Operating systems Updating well-behaved programs using the MARK utility with the MEMORY parameter avoids this dialog. It is not possible to have some GUI programs running in 16-bit protected mode and other GUI programs running in real mode. In Windows 3.1, real mode was...
Damp proofing Methods Damp_proofing > Methods Damp proofing is accomplished several ways including all: A damp-proof course (DPC) is a barrier through the structure designed to prevent moisture rising by capillary action such as through a phenomenon known as rising damp. Rising damp is the effect of water rising from t...
Lean design Design for lean manufacturing and development principles Design_for_lean_manufacturing > Design for lean manufacturing and development principles The design for lean manufacturing equation is design for lean manufacturing success = strategic values minus the drivers of design and process wastes. A good desi...
Cycles per instruction Explanation Cycles_per_instruction > Explanation Let us assume a classic RISC pipeline, with the following five stages: Instruction fetch cycle (IF). Instruction decode/Register fetch cycle (ID). Execution/Effective address cycle (EX). Memory access (MEM).
Database-as-IPC Controversy Database-as-IPC > Controversy The issue arises if there is a performance issue, and if additional systems (and servers) can be justified. In terms of performance, recent advancements in database systems provide more efficient mechanisms for signaling and messaging, and database systems also ...
Steel building Advantages Metal_building > Advantages Steel provides several advantages over other building materials, such as wood: Steel is structurally sound and manufactured to strict specifications and tolerances. Steel does not easily warp, buckle, twist or bend, and is therefore easy to modify and offers design ...
Mobilome Mobilome in prokaryotes Mobilome > Mobilome in prokaryotes Plasmids were discovered in the 1940s as genetic materials outside of bacterial chromosomes. Prophages are genomes of bacteriophages (a type of virus) that are inserted into bacterial chromosomes; prophages can then be spread to other bacteria through ...
Multidimensional seismic data processing Data acquisition Multidimensional_seismic_data_processing > Data acquisition For example, in case of vertical seismic profiling, the receivers are aligned vertically, spaced approximately 15 meters apart. The vertical travel time of the wave to each of the receivers is measured ...
Wheelchair access Buildings Wheelchair_access > Mobility and access > Buildings Adapting the built environment to make it more accessible to wheelchair users is one of the key campaigns of disability rights movements and local equality legislation such the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). The social model...
Virtual leak M Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > M The molar mass is appropriate for converting between the mass of a substance and the amount of a substance for bulk quantities. MoldingMolding (American English) or moulding (British and Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is the process of manufacturing by sh...
Dieudonné determinant Summary Dieudonné_determinant In linear algebra, the Dieudonné determinant is a generalization of the determinant of a matrix to matrices over division rings and local rings. It was introduced by Dieudonné (1943). If K is a division ring, then the Dieudonné determinant is a homomorphism of groups ...
Apparent oxygen utilisation O2 trends and AOU in the ocean Apparent_oxygen_utilisation > O2 trends and AOU in the ocean O2 concentrations in the ocean have decreased since the 1980s. Part of this decrease is due to increased ocean heat content (OHC) from global warming decreasing O2 solubility. As solubility in surface...
Immune adherence Function of the immune adherence (in vivo) Immune_adherence > Function of the immune adherence (in vivo) Phagocytes expressing CR1, CR3, and Fcγ receptors effect a transfer of the immune complexes to their surface. Then erythrocytes leave the liver and spleen bearing off immune complexes and work on th...
Time loop Summary Time_loop The time loop or temporal loop is a plot device in fiction whereby characters re-experience a span of time which is repeated, sometimes more than once, with some hope of breaking out of the cycle of repetition. The term "time loop" is sometimes used to refer to a causal loop; however, causal...
Concurrent hash table Applications Concurrent_hash_table > Applications Naturally, concurrent hash tables find application wherever sequential hash tables are useful. The advantage that concurrency delivers herein lies within the potential speedup of these use-cases, as well as the increased scalability. Considering ha...
Anti-obesity medication History Diet_pill > History Based on its effectiveness for hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone became a popular treatment for obesity in euthyroid people. It had a modest effect but produced the symptoms of hyperthyroidism as a side effect, such as palpitations and difficulty sleeping.
Traffic sign design Conceptual compatibility Traffic_sign_design > Design principles > Conceptual compatibility The correct association between the physical symbols on a sign and the information the sign is trying to convey. Good conceptual compatibility means that a driver will know the meaning of a symbol without hav...
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field Geometric calculus approach Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field > Discussion > Geometric calculus approach The derivatives that appear in Maxwell's equations are vectors and electromagnetic fields are represented by the Faraday bivector F. This f...
History of electric power transmission Transformers and alternating current History_of_electric_power_transmission > Transformers and alternating current The new ZBD transformers were 3.4 times more efficient than the open-core bipolar devices of Gaulard and Gibbs.In the closed-core transformer the iron core is a close...
Implementation inheritance Summary Subclassing_(OOP) To distinguish these concepts, subtyping is sometimes referred to as interface inheritance (without acknowledging that the specialization of type variables also induces a subtyping relation), whereas inheritance as defined here is known as implementation inheritance ...
Snatch block Rove to (dis)advantage Snatch_block > Mechanical advantage > Rove to (dis)advantage The mechanical advantage of any tackle can be increased by interchanging the fixed and moving blocks so the rope is attached to the moving block and the rope is pulled in the direction of the lifted load. In this case the b...
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor Central nervous system activity G_protein-coupled_estrogen_receptor > Animal studies > Central nervous system activity GPER and ERα, but not ERβ, have been found to mediate the antidepressant-like effects of estradiol. Contrarily, activation of GPER has been found to be anxiogenic in...
Dynamical systems and chaos theory Functional analysis Dynamical_systems_and_chaos_theory > Related fields > Functional analysis Functional analysis is the branch of mathematics, and specifically of analysis, concerned with the study of vector spaces and operators acting upon them. It has its historical roots in the st...
Adrenal gland Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Adrenal_gland > Clinical significance > Adrenal insufficiency > Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a congenital disease in which mutations of enzymes that produce steroid hormones result in a glucocorticoid deficiency and malfunction of the nega...
Polymer Monomers and repeat units Organic_polymer > Structure > Monomers and repeat units Polyethylene terephthalate, even though produced from two different monomers (ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid), is usually regarded as a homopolymer because only one type of repeat unit is formed. Ethylene-vinyl acetate cont...
Comparison of Chernobyl and other radioactivity releases Chernobyl compared with an atomic bomb Comparison_of_Chernobyl_and_other_radioactivity_releases > Chernobyl compared with an atomic bomb Note that in the event of a low altitude or ground bursted nuclear detonation that fractionation of the volatile and non volat...
Data consistency Disk caching systems Data_consistency > Point-in-time consistency > Disk caching systems Suppose a caching algorithm determines it would be fastest to write these items to disk in the order 4-3-1-2, and starts doing so, but the power gets shut down after 4 get written, before 3, 1 and 2, and so those w...
Immunoglobulin E Summary Immunoglobulin_E_antibodies IgE is also utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. IgE may have evolved as a defense to protect against venoms.IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic di...
Ronald N. Bracewell Chapter contributions Ronald_N._Bracewell > Chapter contributions J. A. Roberts, 1984 Fourier Techniques and Applications The Life of Joseph Fourier and Fourier Techniques and Applications, ed. J. F. Price, 1985 Yearbook of Science and Technology Wavelets, 1996 Encyclopedia of Applied Physics Fourie...
Frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar Unmodulated continuous-wave Frequency_Modulated_Continuous_Wave > Types > Unmodulated continuous-wave This kind of radar can cost less than $10 (2021). Return frequencies are shifted away from the transmitted frequency based on the Doppler effect when objects are moving. There ...
Endotherm Generating and conserving heat Facultative_endothermy > Mechanisms > Generating and conserving heat Less drastic intermittent reduction in body temperature also occurs in other larger endotherms; for example human metabolism also slows down during sleep, causing a drop in core temperature, commonly of the ord...
Distribution (pharmacology) Removal rate Distribution_(pharmacology) > Factors that affect distribution > Removal rate This will mean that the drug concentration in the first tissue will be greater than the plasma concentration and the drug will move from the tissue back into the plasma. This phenomenon will continue u...
Radius of curvature (mathematics) Applications Radius_of_curvature_(mathematics) > Applications For the use in differential geometry, see Cesàro equation. For the radius of curvature of the Earth (approximated by an oblate ellipsoid); see also: arc measurement Radius of curvature is also used in a three part equation f...
Software performance testing Technology Software_performance_testing > Technology Does its failure cause collateral damage? Analytical Performance Modeling is a method to model the behavior of a system in a spreadsheet. The model is fed with measurements of transaction resource demands (CPU, disk I/O, LAN, WAN), weight...