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VM operating system History VM_operating_system > History The functions of the spool filesystem were also improved, allowing 9900 spool files to be created per user, rather than 9900 for the whole system. The architecture of the spool filesystem was also enhanced, each spool file now had a unique user ID associated wit... |
Learning styles Learning modalities Learning_styles > Overview of models > Learning modalities Walter Burke Barbe and colleagues proposed three learning modalities (often identified by the acronym VAK): Visualizing modality Auditory modality Kinesthetic modalityBarbe and colleagues reported that learning modality stren... |
Combinatorial enumeration Generating functions Enumerative_combinatorics > Generating functions The exponential generating function is also sometimes used. In this case it would have the form F ( x ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ f n x n n ! {\displaystyle F(x)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }f_{n}{\frac {x^{n}}{n!}}} Once determined, the generati... |
5 prime untranslated region Prokaryotes Leader_sequence_(mRNA) > Role in translational regulation > Prokaryotes Initiation in Archaea is less understood. SD sequences are much rarer, and the initiation factors have more in common with eukaryotic ones. There is no homolog of bacterial IF3. Some mRNAs are leaderless.In b... |
Glossary of genetics (M–Z) S Glossary_of_genetics_(M–Z) > S Compare null allele. silent mutation A type of neutral mutation which does not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. Though the term "silent mutation" is often used interchangeably with synonymous mutation, synonymous mutations are not always ... |
Yen's algorithm Summary Yen's_algorithm In graph theory, Yen's algorithm computes single-source K-shortest loopless paths for a graph with non-negative edge cost. The algorithm was published by Jin Y. Yen in 1971 and employs any shortest path algorithm to find the best path, then proceeds to find K − 1 deviations of th... |
Arc system Mechanism Arc_system > Mechanism ArcB is then able to activate or deactivate ArcA, the response regulator, which can then travel to the chromosome and regulate gene expression.ArcA is activated via phosphorylation. When oxygen is present in the cell ArcB autophosphorylates. This inorganic phosphate is then t... |
Demographic transition Stage five Demographic_transition_model > Stages > Stage five The global data no longer support the suggestion that fertility rates tend to broadly rise at very high levels of national development.From the point of view of evolutionary biology, wealthier people having fewer children is unexpected... |
K-regular sequence History K-regular_sequence > History The notion of k-regular sequences was first investigated in a pair of papers by Allouche and Shallit. Prior to this, Berstel and Reutenauer studied the theory of rational series, which is closely related to k-regular sequences. |
Spectral theory Resolution of the identity Spectral_theory > Resolution of the identity Using the bra–ket notation of the above section, the identity operator may be written as: I = ∑ i = 1 n | e i ⟩ ⟨ f i | {\displaystyle I=\sum _{i=1}^{n}|e_{i}\rangle \langle f_{i}|} where it is supposed as above that { | e i ⟩ } {\d... |
Atomic model (mathematical logic) Properties Atomic_model_(mathematical_logic) > Properties The back-and-forth method can be used to show that any two countable atomic models of a theory that are elementarily equivalent are isomorphic. |
Television standards conversion Phase correlation Television_standards_conversion > Standards conversion methods in common use > Phase correlation Phase correlation is elegant as well as technically and conceptually complex. Its successful operation is derived by performing a Fourier transform to each field of video. A... |
Assistive Technology Industry Association Summary Assistive_Technology_Industry_Association In 2009, ATIA began providing educational online webinars to serve these groups. ATIA has also held conferences in collaboration with the Job Accommodation Network and United States Business Leadership Network (USBLN). The publi... |
Distributed file system for cloud Economic aspects Distributed_file_system_for_cloud > Economic aspects The cloud computing economy is growing rapidly. The US government has decided to spend 40% of its compound annual growth rate (CAGR), expected to be 7 billion dollars by 2015.More and more companies have been utilizi... |
Coxsackie B virus Symptoms Coxsackie_B_virus > Symptoms Patients with chest pain should see a doctor immediately—in some cases, viruses in the Coxsackie B family progress to myocarditis or pericarditis, which can result in permanent heart damage or death. Coxsackie B virus infection may also induce aseptic meningitis. ... |
Matrix (composite) Functions Matrix_(composite) > Functions A matrix serves the following functions: It binds the fiber reinforcement. It provides the composite component its shape and directs its surface quality. |
Vascular endothelial cells Function Endothelial_cells > Function The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. This forms a barrier between vessels and tissues and control the flow of substances and fluid into and out of a tissue. This controls the p... |
Unbalanced line Planar technologies Unbalanced_line > Planar technologies Planar format transmission lines are flat conductors manufactured by a number of techniques on to a substrate. They are nearly always an unbalanced format. At the low transmission speeds of early telegraph it was only necessary to consider transm... |
Categories for the Working Mathematician Summary Categories_for_the_Working_Mathematician Categories for the Working Mathematician (CWM) is a textbook in category theory written by American mathematician Saunders Mac Lane, who cofounded the subject together with Samuel Eilenberg. It was first published in 1971, and is ... |
Vitamin B9 Anti-folate chemotherapy Folic_acid > Health effects > Cancer > Anti-folate chemotherapy Bone marrow depression (inducing leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) and acute kidney and liver failure have been reported. Folinic acid, under the drug name leucovorin, a form of folate (formyl-THF), can help "rescue" or r... |
Industrial Robot Defining parameters Robotic_axe > Technical description > Defining parameters When the absolute position of the robot is measured and compared to the commanded position the error is a measure of accuracy. Accuracy can be improved with external sensing for example a vision system or Infra-Red. See robot... |
False negatives Ambiguity in the definition of false positive rate True_negative > Related terms > Ambiguity in the definition of false positive rate The false positive risk is always higher, often much higher, than the p-value.Confusion of these two ideas, the error of the transposed conditional, has caused much misch... |
Time integration methods Methods Exponential_Euler_method > Methods Explicit examples from the linear multistep family include the Adams–Bashforth methods, and any Runge–Kutta method with a lower diagonal Butcher tableau is explicit. A loose rule of thumb dictates that stiff differential equations require the use of im... |
Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras G Glossary_of_Lie_groups_and_Lie_algebras > G 3. For "Generalized Verma module", see #Verma. group Group analysis of differential equations. |
Human digestive system Stomach Human_digestive_system > Components > Stomach Pepsinogen is a precursor enzyme (zymogen) produced by the gastric chief cells, and gastric acid activates this to the enzyme pepsin which begins the digestion of proteins. As these two chemicals would damage the stomach wall, mucus is secrete... |
Potential difference Circuit theory Potential_difference > Definition > Circuit theory In circuit analysis and electrical engineering, lumped element models are used to represent and analyze circuits. These elements are idealized and self-contained circuit elements used to model physical components.When using a lumped ... |
Castration-resistant prostate cancer Staging Castration-resistant_prostate_cancer > Diagnosis > Staging N1 represents any spread to the nearby lymph nodes. M1 represents any metastases to other body sites.The AJCC then combines the TNM scores, Gleason grade group, and results of the PSA blood test to categorize cancer ... |
Duhamel's principle Constant-coefficient linear ODE Duhamel's_principle > Examples > Constant-coefficient linear ODE All steps are done formally, ignoring necessary requirements for the solution to be well defined. First let G solve Define H = G χ [ 0 , ∞ ) {\displaystyle H=G\chi _{[0,\infty )}} , with χ [ 0 , ∞ ) {\di... |
Dynamical symmetry breaking Dynamical symmetry breaking Dynamical_symmetry_breaking > In particle physics > Dynamical symmetry breaking (Such models, in which a composite particle plays the role of the Higgs boson, are often referred to as "Composite Higgs models".) Dynamical breaking of gauge symmetries is often due t... |
Reducer (chemistry) Examples of redox reaction Reducing_agents > Examples of redox reaction The rate of production of oxygen eventually exceeded the availability of reducing materials that removed oxygen, which ultimately led Earth to gain a strongly oxidizing atmosphere containing abundant oxygen (like the modern atmo... |
Quantum mutual information Motivation Quantum_mutual_information > Motivation For simplicity, it will be assumed that all objects in the article are finite-dimensional. The definition of quantum mutual entropy is motivated by the classical case. For a probability distribution of two variables p(x, y), the two marginal ... |
Common Intermediate Language Computational model Common_Intermediate_Language > Computational model The Common Intermediate Language is object-oriented and stack-based, which means that instruction parameters and results are kept on a single stack instead of in several registers or other memory locations, as in most pr... |
Microtubule-associated protein Other MAPs and Naming Issues Microtubule-associated_protein > Types > Other MAPs and Naming Issues During mitosis the dynamic instability of microtubules has been observed to rise approximately tenfold. This is partly due to phosphorylation of XMAP215, which makes catastrophes (rapid depo... |
Synthetic organic chemistry Characterization Organic_Chemistry > Characterization The principal constituent atoms of organic chemistry – hydrogen and carbon – exist naturally with NMR-responsive isotopes, respectively 1H and 13C. Elemental analysis: A destructive method used to determine the elemental composition of a ... |
Biochemistry History Biochemical_Processes > History These techniques allowed for the discovery and detailed analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and led to an understanding of biochemistry on a molecular level. Another significant hi... |
Information security Integrity Information_security_policies > Basic principles > Key concepts > Integrity Information security systems typically incorporate controls to ensure their own integrity, in particular protecting the kernel or core functions against both deliberate and accidental threats. Multi-purpose and mu... |
Interference freedom Examples of formally proved concurrent programs Interference_freedom > Examples of formally proved concurrent programs In contrast, Rosen's article uses Findpos as the single, running example in this 24 page paper. An outline of both processes in a general environment: cobegin producer: ... await i... |
List of finite element software packages Summary List_of_finite_element_software_packages This is a list of notable software packages that implement the finite element method for solving partial differential equations. |
Geometric feature learning Evaluation framework Geometric_feature_learning > PAC model based feature learning algorithm > Evaluation framework support vector machinesThe main purpose of SVM is to find a hyperplane to separate the set of samples ( x i , y i ) {\displaystyle \textstyle (x_{i},y_{i})} where x i {\displays... |
Black-body radiation Summary Blackbody_radiation Black-body radiation is the thermal electromagnetic radiation within, or surrounding, a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, emitted by a black body (an idealized opaque, non-reflective body). It has a specific, continuous spectrum of wavelengths, inve... |
Cancer stem cell Summary Cancer_stem_cell In particular, in mice, whose life spans do not exceed two years, tumor relapse is difficult to study. The efficacy of cancer treatments is, in the initial stages of testing, often measured by the ablation fraction of tumor mass (fractional kill). As CSCs form a small proportio... |
Nucleophilic abstraction Alkyl abstraction Nucleophilic_abstraction > Alkyl abstraction There are several possibilities for the mechanism of this reaction which are shown in the following schematic. In path a, the first step proceeds with the oxidative addition of the halogen to the metal complex. This step results in ... |
Ohm metre Ideal case Electrically_conductive > Definition > Ideal case This is written as: where The resistivity can be expressed using the SI unit ohm metre (Ω⋅m) — i.e. ohms multiplied by square metres (for the cross-sectional area) then divided by metres (for the length). Both resistance and resistivity describe how... |
Order statistic tree Summary Order_statistic_tree In computer science, an order statistic tree is a variant of the binary search tree (or more generally, a B-tree) that supports two additional operations beyond insertion, lookup and deletion: Select(i) – find the i'th smallest element stored in the tree Rank(x) – find ... |
Human overpopulation History of world population Human_overpopulation > Overview > History of world population World population has gone through a number of periods of growth since the dawn of civilization in the Holocene period, around 10,000 BCE. The beginning of civilization roughly coincides with the receding of gl... |
GNU Name System GNU Name System GNUnet > GNU Name System GNUnet includes an implementation of the GNU Name System (GNS), a decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS. In GNS, each user manages their own zones and can delegate subdomains to zones managed by other users. Lookups of records defined by othe... |
Archaeology of trade Agent-based modeling Archaeology_of_trade > Techniques > Agent-based modeling Agent-based modeling (ABM) is the simulation of agents (humans and social systems) based on a series of specified inputs. It models how humans (agents) and societies respond to inputs and stresses. For example, archaeolog... |
History of biochemistry Enzymes History_of_biochemistry > Enzymes The word enzyme was used later to refer to nonliving substances such as pepsin, and the word ferment was used to refer to chemical activity produced by living organisms. In 1897 Eduard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts to ferment sugar... |
Gear oil API ratings Gear_oil > API ratings Friction modifiers and extreme pressure additives shall not be used. API Category GL-2 (inactive) designates the type of service characteristic of automotive type worm-gear axles operating under such conditions of load, temperature and sliding velocities, that lubricants sati... |
Population viability analysis Summary Population_viability_analysis Population viability analysis (PVA) is a species-specific method of risk assessment frequently used in conservation biology. It is traditionally defined as the process that determines the probability that a population will go extinct within a given num... |
Particle mechanics Quantum Particle_mechanics > Sub-disciplines > Quantum For example, following the ideas of Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle, scientists reasoned that a cannonball falls down because its natural position is in the Earth; the Sun, the Moon, and the stars travel in circles around the Earth beca... |
Tumor suppressor protein p53 Human TP53 gene P53_protein > Gene > Human TP53 gene In humans, a common polymorphism involves the substitution of an arginine for a proline at codon position 72 of exon 4. Many studies have investigated a genetic link between this variation and cancer susceptibility; however, the results h... |
Named data networking Routing efficiency and security Named_data_networking > Security > Routing efficiency and security Furthermore, NDN treats network routing and control messages like all NDN data, requiring signatures. This provides a solid foundation for securing routing protocols against attack, e.g., spoofing an... |
Sensory perception Process and terminology Human_perception > Process and terminology The process of perception begins with an object in the real world, known as the distal stimulus or distal object. By means of light, sound, or another physical process, the object stimulates the body's sensory organs. These sensory or... |
Group B streptococcus vaccine Adults Group_B_streptococcus_vaccine > Adults GBS is also an important infectious agent able to cause invasive infections in adults. Serious life-threatening invasive GBS infections are increasingly recognized in the elderly and in individuals compromised by underlying diseases such as dia... |
Thermodynamic arrow Cosmology Entropy_as_an_arrow_of_time > Current research > Cosmology In this scenario, the cosmological arrow of time is the reason for both the thermodynamic arrow of time and the quantum arrow of time. Both will slowly disappear as the universe will come to a halt, and will later be reversed.In th... |
Naval architect Structures Naval_architecture > Main subjects > Structures The dimensions of the ship are in order to create enough spacing between the stiffeners in prevention of buckling. Warships have used a longitudinal system of stiffening that many modern commercial vessels have adopted. This system was widely us... |
Cohesive force Summary Cohesion_(chemistry) This results in a relatively strong Coulomb force between molecules. In simple terms, the polarity (a state in which a molecule is oppositely charged on its poles) of water molecules allows them to be attracted to each other. The polarity is due to the electronegativity of th... |
Abaqus Summary Abaqus Abaqus FEA (formerly ABAQUS) is a software suite for finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering, originally released in 1978. The name and logo of this software are based on the abacus calculation tool. The Abaqus product suite consists of five core software products: Abaqus/CAE, or "C... |
Viral encephalitis Examination Viral_encephalitis > Diagnosis > Examination Severe symptoms are most common among infants and the elderly. Most infections are asymptomatic, lacking symptoms, whereas most symptomatic cases are mild illnesses.Virus-specific symptoms may also exist or tests may indicate one virus. Specifi... |
Invariant (computer science) Invariants in computer science Invariant_(mathematics) > Invariants in computer science In computer science, an invariant is a logical assertion that is always held to be true during a certain phase of execution of a computer program. For example, a loop invariant is a condition that is tru... |
Z Transform Inverse Z-transform Z_Transform > Inverse Z-transform This contour can be used when the ROC includes the unit circle, which is always guaranteed when X ( z ) {\displaystyle X(z)} is stable, that is, when all the poles are inside the unit circle. With this contour, the inverse Z-transform simplifies to the i... |
Portable radio Spark era Radio_receiver > History > Spark era Most receivers used a pair of tuned circuits with their coils magnetically coupled, called a resonant transformer (oscillation transformer) or "loose coupler". A detector, which produced a pulse of DC current for each damped wave received. An indicating devi... |
SeaTwirl Design SeaTwirl > Design SeaTwirl has a vertical axis, with blades above water and the generator below. It is one of several designs that can float and therefore be positioned far offshore and take advantage of the stronger winds there. The SeaTwirl design uses the seawater itself as a roller bearing and store... |
Measurement Mass Measurement > Units and systems > Mass Mass refers to the intrinsic property of all material objects to resist changes in their momentum. Weight, on the other hand, refers to the downward force produced when a mass is in a gravitational field. In free fall, (no net gravitational forces) objects lack we... |
Navigation function Potential functions as navigation functions Navigation_function > Potential functions as navigation functions Potential functions assume that the environment or work space is known. Obstacles are assigned a high potential value, and the goal position is assigned a low potential. To reach the goal po... |
Noether theorem Examples Noether_charge > Mathematical expression > Simple form using perturbations > Examples {\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} =\mathbf {n} \times \mathbf {r} .} Then Noether's theorem states that the following quantity is conserved, ∂ L ∂ q ˙ ⋅ Q = p ⋅ ( n × r ) = n ⋅ ( r × p ) = n ⋅ L . {\displaystyle {\fr... |
Convention (norm) Summary Convention_(norm) A convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, social norms, or other criteria, often taking the form of a custom. In a social context, a convention may retain the character of an "unwritten law" of custom (for example, the manner in which peopl... |
Minor key Intonation and tuning Major_and_minor > Intonation and tuning Musical tuning of intervals is expressed by the ratio between the pitches' frequencies. Simple fractions can sound more harmonious than complex fractions; for instance, an octave is a simple 2:1 ratio and a fifth is the relatively simple 3:2 ratio.... |
Inorganic chemical reaction Reactions at ligands Inorganic_chemical_reaction > Mechanistic inorganic chemistry > Transition metal complexes > Reactions at ligands Coordinated ligands display reactivity distinct from the free ligands. For example, the acidity of the ammonia ligands in 3+ is elevated relative to NH3 itse... |
Nuclear gene Endosymbiotic organelle interactions Nuclear_gene > Endosymbiotic organelle interactions Though separated from one another within the cell, nuclear genes and those of mitochondria and chloroplasts can affect each other in a number of ways. Nuclear genes play major roles in the expression of chloroplast gen... |
Active daylighting Types Passive_daylighting > Types Passive daylighting is a system of both collecting sunlight using static, non-moving, and non-tracking systems (such as windows, sliding glass doors, most skylights, light tubes) and reflecting the collected daylight deeper inside with elements such as light shelves.... |
Byzantine fault Solutions Byzantine_agreement > Solutions A second solution requires unforgeable message signatures. For security-critical systems, digital signatures (in modern computer systems, this may be achieved in practice using public-key cryptography) can provide Byzantine fault tolerance in the presence of an ... |
Order of magnitude (numbers) 101 Order_of_magnitude_(numbers) > 101 (10; ten) ISO: deca- (da) Demography: The population of Pesnopoy, a village in Bulgaria, was 10 in 2007. Human scale: There are 10 digits on a pair of human hands, and 10 toes on a pair of human feet. Mathematics: The number system used in everyday lif... |
Animal communication Autocommunication Animal_communication > Autocommunication The second type of autocommunication is echolocation, found in bats and toothed whales. Echolocation involves emitting sounds and interpreting the vibrations that return from objects. In bats, echolocation also serves the purpose of mapping... |
Marine terrace Processes Raised_beach > Formation > Processes Marine terraces often result from marine erosion along rocky coastlines in temperate regions due to wave attack and sediment carried in the waves. Erosion also takes place in connection with weathering and cavitation. The speed of erosion is highly dependent... |
Gsx (gene family) Summary Gsx_(gene_family) The Gsx gene family are a group of genes found in many, but not all, animals. Gsx genes contain a homeobox DNA sequence and code for proteins that act as transcription factors. The human genome has two Gsx genes, called GSX1 and GSX2 (formerly GSH1 and GSH2), while the fruitf... |
A New Kind of Science Computational irreducibility A_New_Kind_of_Science > Contents > Philosophical underpinnings > Computational irreducibility Wolfram argues that one of his achievements is in providing a coherent system of ideas that justifies computation as an organizing principle of science. For instance, he argue... |
Screw (simple machine) Distance moved Screw_(simple_machine) > Distance moved The linear distance d {\displaystyle d\,} a screw shaft moves when it is rotated through an angle of α {\displaystyle \alpha \,} degrees is: d = l α 360 ∘ {\displaystyle d=l{\frac {\alpha }{360^{\circ }}}\,} where l {\displaystyle l\,} is the... |
H3R17me2 Epigenetic implications H3T45P > Epigenetic implications Different developmental stages were profiled in Drosophila as well, an emphasis was placed on histone modification relevance. A look in to the data obtained led to the definition of chromatin states based on histone modifications. Certain modifications w... |
Graph homology The 1st homology group Graph_homology > The 1st homology group The general formula for the 1st homology group of a topological space X is: The example below explains these symbols and concepts in full detail on a graph. |
Metal temper Alloy steels Metal_temper > Alloy steels Many elements are often alloyed with steel. The main purpose for alloying most elements with steel is to increase its hardenability and to decrease softening under temperature. Tool steels, for example, may have elements like chromium or vanadium added to increase b... |
Yen's algorithm Pseudocode Yen's_algorithm > Algorithm > Pseudocode for i from 0 to size(A) − 2: // Spur node is retrieved from the previous k-shortest path, k − 1. spurNode = A.node(i); // The sequence of nodes from the source to the spur node of the previous k-shortest path. rootPath = A.nodes(0, i); for each path p ... |
Vacuum filter Cyclonic Vacuum_filter > Modern configurations > Cyclonic This is in marked contrast to filter bag systems, which lose suction when pores in the filter become clogged as dirt and dust are collected. In portable cyclonic models, the cleaned air from the center of the vortex is expelled from the machine aft... |
Modprobe Summary Modprobe modprobe is a Linux program originally written by Rusty Russell and used to add a loadable kernel module to the Linux kernel or to remove a loadable kernel module from the kernel. It is commonly used indirectly: udev relies upon modprobe to load drivers for automatically detected hardware.Modp... |
PH-tree Check quadrants for overlap with query box PH-tree > Operations > Window queries > Check quadrants for overlap with query box function is_overlap(h, h_min, h_max) is return (h | h_min) & h_max == h // evaluates to 'true' if quadrant and query overlap. function query(node, min, max, result_list) is h_min ← calcu... |
Woese's dogma Summary Woese's_dogma Woese's dogma is a principle of evolutionary biology first put forth by biophysicist Carl Woese in 1977. It states that the evolution of ribosomal RNA was a necessary precursor to the evolution of modern life forms. This led to the advancement of the phylogenetic tree of life consist... |
Generative pre-trained transformer Foundational models Generative_pre-trained_transformer > Foundational models GPT-4 is a multi-modal LLM that is capable of processing text and image input (though its output is limited to text). Regarding multimodal output, some generative transformer-based models are used for text-to... |
Uncertainty Principle (Numbers) Writing Uncertainty_Principle_(Numbers) > Production > Writing "Uncertainty Principle" is based on a series of bank robberies, solved with the assistance of an Arkansas mathematician, that occurred in Maryland in 2004. Since bank robbers follow predictable patterns, the FBI called in the... |
Ergosophy Summary Ergosophy Ergosophy is a term coined by the scientist Frederick Soddy, in the early 1920s, and refers to aspects of energy in relation to human existence and energy measurement as in (Ergs). Soddy's aim was to apply science theories and ideas and move the human understanding of work beyond the restric... |
Johannes Kepler Works Johannes_Kepler > Works Vol. 11,1: Ephemerides novae motuum coelestium. Commentary V. Bialas. |
Umple Features and capabilities Umple > Features and capabilities When this is done, Umple can be seen as a pre-processor: The Umple compiler expands the UML constructs into code of the target language. Code in a target language can be passed to the Umple compiler directly; if no Umple-specific notation is found, then ... |
Situated knowledge Science Human_knowledge > In various disciplines > Science The hypothesis is then tested using a controlled experiment to compare whether predictions based on the hypothesis match the actual results. As a last step, the results are interpreted and a conclusion is reached whether and to what degree th... |
Benchmark program Purpose Benchmark_(computing) > Purpose See BogoMips and the megahertz myth. Benchmarks are designed to mimic a particular type of workload on a component or system. Synthetic benchmarks do this by specially created programs that impose the workload on the component. |
Polystyrene Sheet or molded polystyrene Expanded_Polystyrene > Forms produced > Sheet or molded polystyrene Polystyrene (PS) is used for producing disposable plastic cutlery and dinnerware, CD "jewel" cases, smoke detector housings, license plate frames, plastic model assembly kits, and many other objects where a rigid... |
Computing science Computer security and cryptography Computer_sciences > Fields > Computer systems > Computer security and cryptography Computer security is a branch of computer technology with the objective of protecting information from unauthorized access, disruption, or modification while maintaining the accessibil... |
Neural networks Criticism Neural_networks > Criticism Arguments against Dewdney's position are that neural nets have been successfully used to solve many complex and diverse tasks, such as autonomously flying aircraft.Technology writer Roger Bridgman commented on Dewdney's statements about neural nets: Neural networks,... |
T cell Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells T_lymphocyte > Types of T cell > Conventional adaptive T cells > Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells, CTLs, T-killer cells, killer T cells) destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells, and are also implicated in transplant rejection. These cells are defined by the expressio... |
Shared-memory multiprocessor Support on Unix-like systems Shared_memory_system > In software > Support on Unix-like systems It stays in the system until explicitly removed by a process. This has a drawback in that if the process crashes and fails to clean up shared memory it will stay until system shutdown; that limita... |
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance Chemical shielding Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance > Nuclear spin interactions > Chemical shielding Chemical shielding is a local property of each nuclear site in a molecule or compound, and is proportional to the applied external magnetic field. The external magnetic field... |
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