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Computable analysis Computable functions Computable_analysis > Basic constructions > Computable functions Computable functions are represented as programs on a Type 2 Turing machine. A program is considered total (in the sense of a total function as opposed to partial function) if it takes finite time to write any numb... |
Computability theory (computation) Inductive inference Computability_theory_(computation) > Areas of research > Inductive inference This is the computability-theoretic branch of learning theory. It is based on E. Mark Gold's model of learning in the limit from 1967 and has developed since then more and more models of l... |
Primary adrenal insufficiency Summary Autoimmune_adrenalitis If symptoms worsen, an injection of corticosteroid is recommended (people need to carry a dose with them). Often, large amounts of intravenous fluids with the sugar dextrose are also required. With appropriate treatment, long-term outcomes are typically favor... |
Thompson's construction algorithm Small Example Thompson's_construction_algorithm > Example > Small Example The picture below shows the result of Thompson's construction on (ε|a*b). The purple oval corresponds to a, the teal oval corresponds to a*, the green oval corresponds to b, the orange oval corresponds to a*b, an... |
Contact mechanics History Frictionless_contact_mechanics > History The Derjaguin model came to be known as the DMT (after Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov) model, and the Johnson et al. model came to be known as the JKR (after Johnson, Kendall and Roberts) model for adhesive elastic contact. This rejection proved to be in... |
Nutrient budgeting Assumptions Nutrient_budgeting > Assumptions A nutrient budget isn't as exact as a financial statement. An assortment of variables affects each tract of land. For example, some areas may have had too much manure applied over time or it may have been unevenly distributed, and previous flooding could a... |
Renewable sources of energy Photovoltaic development Cleaner_energy > Mainstream technologies > Solar energy > Photovoltaic development Photovoltaics (PV) is rapidly-growing with global capacity increasing from 230 GW at the end of 2015 to 890 GW in 2021.PV uses solar cells assembled into solar panels to convert sunlig... |
Security printing Polymer Security_printing > Features detectable by humans > Substrate > Polymer Some countries, including Canada, Nigeria, Romania, Mexico, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Israel, Singapore, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Australia, produce polymer (plastic) banknotes, to improve longevity and to make counterfe... |
Lie superalgebra Historical Lie_superbracket > References > Historical Frölicher, A.; Nijenhuis, A. (1956). "Theory of vector valued differential forms. Part I". |
Memistor Essence Memistor > Essence In one of the technical reports the memistor was described as follows: Like the transistor, the memistor is a 3-terminal element. The conductance between two of the terminals is controlled by the time integral of the current in the third, rather than its instantaneous value as in the... |
Mechanical drawing Schematic drawing Mechanical_systems_drawing > Sets of drawings > United Kingdom > Schematic drawing The schematic is a line diagram, not necessarily to scale, that describes interconnection of components in a system. The main features of a schematic drawing show: A two dimensional layout with divisi... |
Glycogen synthase Regulation Glycogen_synthase > Regulation The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose 6-phosphate (activator) and by phosphorylation reactions (deactivating). Glucose-6-phosphate allosteric activating action allows glycogen synthase to operate as a glucose-6-phosphate sens... |
Hereditary CNS demyelinating disease Summary Hereditary_CNS_demyelinating_disease A hereditary CNS demyelinating disease is a demyelinating central nervous system disease that is primarily due to an inherited genetic condition. (This is in contrast to autoimmune demyelinating conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, or ... |
Adenosine Triphosphate Summary Adenosine_Triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, ATP... |
Irreducibly complex Intelligent design Irreducible_complexity > History > Intelligent design (The judge ruled that "intelligent design is not science and is essentially religious in nature". )According to the theory of evolution, genetic variations occur without specific design or intent. The environment "selects" the ... |
Buffer overflow Barriers to exploitation DLL_trampolining > Exploitation > Barriers to exploitation Manipulation of the buffer, which occurs before it is read or executed, may lead to the failure of an exploitation attempt. These manipulations can mitigate the threat of exploitation, but may not make it impossible. Man... |
Machine torque Proof Force_moment > Relationship between torque, power, and energy > Proof In the case of torque, the unit is assigned to a vector, whereas for energy, it is assigned to a scalar. This means that the dimensional equivalence of the newton-metre and the joule may be applied in the former, but not in the l... |
Photoemission electron microscopy Energy filter Photoemission_electron_microscopy > Photoemission electron microscope > Energy filter An energy filter can be added to the instrument in order to select the electrons that will contribute to the image. This option is particularly used for analytical applications of the PE... |
Membrane models Henderson and Unwin's membrane theory Membrane_models > Henderson and Unwin's membrane theory The dimensions of the channel within the membrane were narrower but could not be resolved (Unwin and Zampighi, 1980). A small radical movement of the sub-units at the cytoplasmic ends could reduce the sub-unit ... |
Tree height measurement Clinometer and tape method Tree_height_measurement > Approximate tree heights > Clinometer and tape method The top of the tree therefore has a different baseline length than the bottom of the tree resulting in height errors: (top to bottom offset distance x tan Θ) = height error The error almost... |
Polysulfone Structure-property relationship Polysulfone > Properties > Structure-property relationship Therefore, flexible elements must be incorporated into the chains, this is done in the form of ether groups. Ether groups allow a free rotation of the polymer chains. This leads to a significantly reduced melting poin... |
False proof Analysis False_proof > Analysis Mathematical analysis as the mathematical study of change and limits can lead to mathematical fallacies — if the properties of integrals and differentials are ignored. For instance, a naive use of integration by parts can be used to give a false proof that 0 = 1. Letting u = ... |
Glossary of chemistry terms C Glossary_of_chemistry_terms > C counterion The ion that is the counterpart to an oppositely charged ion in a dissociated ionic species; the cation that pairs with a given anion, or vice versa. For example, Na+ is the counterion to Cl−, and vice versa, in solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl)... |
Base dissociation constant Micro-constants Acid–base_equilibrium > Experimental determination > Micro-constants For example, monoprotonation can occur at a terminal −NH2 group or at internal −NH− groups. The Kb values for dissociation of spermine protonated at one or other of the sites are examples of micro-constants. ... |
Freeman Dyson Quantum physics and prime numbers Freeman_Dyson > Concepts > Quantum physics and prime numbers Mathematicians define a quasicrystal as a set of discrete points whose Fourier transform is also a set of discrete points. Odlyzko has done extensive computations of the Fourier transform of the nontrivial zeros... |
Tactile signing Kinds Tactile_signing > Kinds The sign language used in hand-over-hand signing is often a slightly modified version of the local sign language; this is especially the case when used by people who have learned to read sign visually before losing their vision as with Usher syndrome. The sign language used... |
Observational bias Paradoxes Observational_bias > Paradoxes In isolation, quantum objects are represented by a wave function which often exists in a superposition or mixture of different states. However, when an observation is made to determine the actual location or state of the object, it always finds the object in a... |
Envelope proteins Summary Envelope_proteins Therefore, optimal budding and release may be dependent on a coordinated "push-and-pull" action between core and spike, where oligomerization of both components is essential.They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases increase phagocytic ... |
Organic electronics Features Organic_electronics > Features Conductive polymers are lighter, more flexible, and less expensive than inorganic conductors. This makes them a desirable alternative in many applications. It also creates the possibility of new applications that would be impossible using copper or silicon. Or... |
Electric plane Batteries Solar_powered_aircraft > Power storage > Batteries Batteries are the most common onboard energy storage component of electric aircraft, due to their relatively high storage capacity. Batteries first powered airships in the nineteenth century but the lead-acid batteries were very heavy and it wa... |
Ribosomal pause Rescue mechanisms Ribosomal_pause > Resolution and effects on gene expression > Rescue mechanisms It recruits RF2. Alternative ribosome-rescue factor B (ArfB) is another alternative from E. coli. It works like a GGQ-release factor itself, releasing the peptide from tRNA. At the same time, it fits into t... |
Specified complexity Summary Specified_complexity A study by Wesley Elsberry and Jeffrey Shallit states: "Dembski's work is riddled with inconsistencies, equivocation, flawed use of mathematics, poor scholarship, and misrepresentation of others' results." Another objection concerns Dembski's calculation of probabilitie... |
Infinite element method Summary Infinite_element_method The infinite element method is a numerical method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics. It is a modification of finite element method. The method divides the domain concerned into sections of infinite length. In contrast with a finite eleme... |
Lemierre's syndrome Summary Lemierre's_syndrome The inflammation surrounding the vein and compression of the vein may lead to blood clot formation. Pieces of the potentially infected clot can break off and travel through the right heart into the lungs as emboli, blocking branches of the pulmonary artery that carry bloo... |
Friction drilling Principle Friction_drilling > Principle Lubricants help prevent work-material from adhering to the bit. Unlike drilling, material that is flowed is not lost but it forms a sleeve around the hole. The length of that sleeve is up to 3 times the original thickness of the material. |
Renal function Glomerular filtration rate Estimated_GFR > Blood tests > Glomerular filtration rate Staging of chronic kidney disease is based on categories of GFR as well as albuminuria and cause of kidney disease.Central to the physiologic maintenance of GFR is the differential basal tone of the afferent and efferent ... |
Open standardization Quotes Open_Standards > Quotes EU Commissioner Erkki Liikanen: "Open standards are important to help create interoperable and affordable solutions for everybody. They also promote competition by setting up a technical playing field that is level to all market players. This means lower costs for ent... |
Anionic addition polymerization Summary Anionic_addition_polymerization In polymer chemistry, anionic addition polymerization is a form of chain-growth polymerization or addition polymerization that involves the polymerization of monomers initiated with anions. The type of reaction has many manifestations, but traditio... |
Wireless security End-to-end encryption Wireless_LAN_Security > Security measures > End-to-end encryption With encryption on the router level or VPN, a single switch encrypts all traffic, even UDP and DNS lookups. With end-to-end encryption on the other hand, each service to be secured must have its encryption "turned ... |
Jane S. Richardson Scientific work and contributions Jane_S._Richardson > Scientific work and contributions By 1977 she published her findings on protein relatedness in Nature, with a paper entitled "β-sheet topology and the relatedness of proteins".As Richardson developed the ribbon diagram to illustrate her findings ... |
Byte order Files and filesystems Endianness > Files and filesystems Intel CPUs are little-endian, while Motorola 680x0 CPUs are big-endian. This explicit signature allows a TIFF reader program to swap bytes if necessary when a given file was generated by a TIFF writer program running on a computer with a different endi... |
PROPT Summary PROPT The PROPT MATLAB Optimal Control Software is a new generation platform for solving applied optimal control (with ODE or DAE formulation) and parameters estimation problems. The platform was developed by MATLAB Programming Contest Winner, Per Rutquist in 2008. The most recent version has support for ... |
DNA strand ssDNA vs. dsDNA Deoxyribonucleic_Acid > Properties > Base pairing > ssDNA vs. dsDNA In biology, parts of the DNA double helix that need to separate easily, such as the TATAAT Pribnow box in some promoters, tend to have a high AT content, making the strands easier to pull apart.In the laboratory, the strength... |
Quantum point contact Applications Quantum_point_contact > Applications In device physics, the configuration of QPCs is used for demonstrating a fully ballistic field-effect transistor. Another application of the device is its use as a switch. A nickel wire is brought close enough to a gold surface and then, by the use... |
Heinz Falk Scientific articles Heinz_Falk > Published works > Scientific articles Mh. Chem., 136, 1221-1231 (2005) David Geißlmeir, Walther G. Jary and Heinz Falk, The TEMPO/Copper Catalyzed Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Oxygen as Stoichiometric Oxidant. Mh. |
Inverse search Summary Inverse_search Inverse search (also called "reverse search") is a feature of some non-interactive typesetting programs, such as LaTeX and GNU LilyPond. These programs read an abstract, textual, definition of a document as input, and convert this into a graphical format such as DVI or PDF. In a wi... |
Trace metal stable isotope biogeochemistry Fractionation as a result of diffusion Trace_metal_stable_isotope_biogeochemistry > Iron > Equilibrium Isotope Fractionation > Fractionation as a result of diffusion Kinetic fractionation of dissolved iron occurs as a result of diffusion. When isotopes diffuse, the lower mass ... |
Cross-validation (statistics) Leave-one-out cross-validation Cross-validation_(statistics) > Types > Exhaustive cross-validation > Leave-one-out cross-validation Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) is a particular case of leave-p-out cross-validation with p = 1. The process looks similar to jackknife; however, with ... |
Rule of product Summary Rule_of_product In combinatorics, the rule of product or multiplication principle is a basic counting principle (a.k.a. the fundamental principle of counting). Stated simply, it is the intuitive idea that if there are a ways of doing something and b ways of doing another thing, then there are a ... |
Reverse Fatou lemma Proof Reverse_Fatou_lemma > Standard statement > Proof Fatou's lemma does not require the monotone convergence theorem, but the latter can be used to provide a quick proof. A proof directly from the definitions of integrals is given further below. In each case, the proof begins by analyzing the prop... |
Adjustable-speed drive Eddy current drives Variable_speed_drive > Types of drives > Electric adjustable speed drives > Eddy current drives An eddy current drive (sometimes called a Dynamatic drive, after one of the most common brand names) consists of a fixed speed motor (generally an induction motor) and an eddy curre... |
Sentence processing Modular vs. interactive Language_comprehension > Theories > Architectural issues > Modular vs. interactive Several syntactic hypotheses can be considered at a time. The interactive model demonstrates an on-line interaction between the structural and lexical and phonetic levels of sentence processing... |
Kepler-90g Summary Kepler-90g Kepler-90g (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-351.02) is a super-puff exoplanet orbiting the early G-type main sequence star Kepler-90, one of eight planets around this star discovered using NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 2,840 light-years (870... |
Switching regulator Electromechanical regulators Voltage_stabiliser > Electromechanical regulators The large inductance of the field coil stores the energy delivered to the magnetic field in an iron core so the pulsed field current does not result in as strongly pulsed a field. Both types of rotating machine produce a ... |
Meaningful learning Nature of meaningful learning Meaningful_learning > Nature of meaningful learning There are many ways to understand and define meaningful learning; it incorporates many facets of cognition. Similar types of learning include active learning, deeper learning, and integrative learning. Ausubel (1967:10... |
Process scheduler Long-term scheduling Dispatch_latency > Types of operating system schedulers > Process scheduler > Long-term scheduling The long-term scheduler, or admission scheduler, decides which jobs or processes are to be admitted to the ready queue (in main memory); that is, when an attempt is made to execute a... |
Acid-base chemistry Brønsted–Lowry definition Acid-base_chemistry > Acid–base definitions > Brønsted–Lowry definition The Brønsted–Lowry model expanded what could be pH tested using insoluble and soluble solutions (gas, liquid, solid). The general formula for acid–base reactions according to the Brønsted–Lowry definiti... |
War cycles The Foundation for the Study of Cycles War_cycles > The Foundation for the Study of Cycles New York: H. Holt and Company. LCCN 47001975. Dewey, Edward R. |
Direct Current High-voltage power transmission DC_voltage > Applications > High-voltage power transmission High-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission systems use DC for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current systems. For long-distance transmis... |
Adrenal gland Zona glomerulosa Adrenal_glands > Structure > Adrenal cortex > Zona glomerulosa The outermost zone of the adrenal cortex is the zona glomerulosa. It lies immediately under the fibrous capsule of the gland. Cells in this layer form oval groups, separated by thin strands of connective tissue from the fibrou... |
Vertex (graph) Types of vertices Vertex_(graph) > Types of vertices The vertex space of a graph is a vector space having a set of basis vectors corresponding with the graph's vertices. A graph is vertex-transitive if it has symmetries that map any vertex to any other vertex. In the context of graph enumeration and grap... |
Insulin signal transduction pathway Positive Insulin_signal_transduction_pathway_and_regulation_of_blood_glucose > Feedback mechanisms > Positive An example of positive feedback mechanism in the insulin transduction pathway is the activation of some enzymes that inhibit other enzymes from slowing or stopping the insuli... |
Lateral ventricles Summary Lateral_ventricles The lateral ventricles are the two largest ventricles of the brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Each cerebral hemisphere contains a lateral ventricle, known as the left or right lateral ventricle, respectively. Each lateral ventricle resembles a C-shaped cavity th... |
Pars nervosa Summary Posterior_pituitary The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus... |
Geodynamics Elastic Geodynamics > Deformation of rocks > Elastic Elastic deformation is always reversible, which means that if the stress field associated with elastic deformation is removed, the material will return to its previous state. Materials only behave elastically when the relative arrangement along the axis b... |
Group (mathematics) Examples and applications Group_(mathematics) > Examples and applications By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups. For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image shows some loo... |
Verification and validation of computer simulation models Validation Verification_and_validation_of_computer_simulation_models > Validation Validate model assumptions. Step 3. Compare the model input-output transformations to corresponding input-output transformations for the real system. |
Data Intensive Computing Characteristics Data-intensive_computing > Characteristics Several common characteristics of data-intensive computing systems distinguish them from other forms of computing: The principle of collection of the data and programs or algorithms is used to perform the computation. To achieve high pe... |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Antidepressants Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor > List of SSRIs > Never marketed > Antidepressants Alaproclate (GEA-654) Centpropazine Cericlamine (JO-1017) Femoxetine (Malexil; FG-4963) Ifoxetine (CGP-15210) Omiloxetine Panuramine (WY-26002) Pirandamine (AY-23713) Seproxet... |
TI-89 Programming TI-89_Titanium > TI-89 > Programming The TI-89 is directly programmable in a language called TI-BASIC 89, TI's derivative of BASIC for calculators. With the use of a PC, it is also possible to develop more complex programs in Motorola 68000 assembly language or C, translate them to machine language, a... |
Wave characteristic method Advantages Wave_characteristic_method > Advantages The WM has the very significant advantage that computations need be made only at nodes in the piping system. Other techniques such as the method of characteristics (MOC) require calculations at equally spaced interior points in a pipeline. Th... |
Search engine optimization Preventing crawling Search_engine_optimisation > Methods > Preventing crawling To avoid undesirable content in the search indexes, webmasters can instruct spiders not to crawl certain files or directories through the standard robots.txt file in the root directory of the domain. Additionally, ... |
Quantum noise Classical to quantum noise Quantum_noise > Basics of noise theory > Classical to quantum noise To study quantum noise, one replaces the corresponding classical measurements with quantum operators, e.g., where ⟨ ⋅ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle \cdot \rangle } are the quantum statistical average using the densit... |
CircuiTikZ Summary CircuiTikZ CircuiTikZ is a TikZ add-on for typesetting circuit diagrams in a TeX environment such as LaTeX. It was started by Massimo Redaelli in 2007 when he had to create exams at the Polytechnic University of Milan as a research assistant. After he left University in 2010 the project began to stum... |
Dirac comb Summary Dirac_comb This implies Because the Dirac comb function is periodic, it can be represented as a Fourier series based on the Dirichlet kernel: The Dirac comb function allows one to represent both continuous and discrete phenomena, such as sampling and aliasing, in a single framework of continuous Four... |
Gene expression programming Replication and selection Gene_expression_programming > The basic gene expression algorithm > Reproduction with modification > Replication and selection But the replication of strings is trivial in artificial evolutionary systems, where only an instruction to copy strings is required to pass... |
Acidity function Summary Acidity_function An acidity function is a measure of the acidity of a medium or solvent system, usually expressed in terms of its ability to donate protons to (or accept protons from) a solute (Brønsted acidity). The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for d... |
Symmetric fair cake-cutting Procedures Symmetric_fair_cake-cutting > Procedures Every procedure can be made "symmetric ex-ante" by randomization. For example, in the asymmetric divide-and-choose, the divider can be selected by tossing a coin. However, such a procedure is not symmetric ex-post. Therefore, the research r... |
Watt-hour meter Direct current Energy_meter > History > Direct current Thomas Edison at first worked on a direct current (DC) electromechanical meter with a direct reading register, but instead developed an electrochemical metering system, which used an electrolytic cell to totalise current consumption. At periodic int... |
Panopticon Software Technology overview Panopticon_Software > Technology overview Panopticon's technology relies on in-memory OLAP cubes, which are displayed through a series of visualizations including treemapping. This allows the user to load data, select variables and hierarchical structures, and navigate through th... |
Amino acid residues Protein structure databases Protein_conformation > Protein structure databases A protein structure database is a database that is modeled around the various experimentally determined protein structures. The aim of most protein structure databases is to organize and annotate the protein structures, p... |
GAMESS (US) Abilities GAMESS_(US) > Abilities GAMESS (US) can perform several general computational chemistry calculations, including Hartree–Fock method, density functional theory (DFT), generalized valence bond (GVB), and multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF). Correlation corrections after these SCF cal... |
HTTP protocol HTTP data exchange HTTP_requests > HTTP data exchange HTTP is a stateless application-level protocol and it requires a reliable network transport connection to exchange data between client and server. In HTTP implementations, TCP/IP connections are used using well known ports (typically port 80 if the con... |
C20H30BrNO3 Side effects C20H30BrNO3 > Side effects If ipratropium is inhaled, side effects resembling those of other anticholinergics are minimal. However, dry mouth and sedation have been reported. Also, effects such as skin flushing, tachycardia, acute angle-closure glaucoma, nausea, palpitations and headache have b... |
Laplace domain History Laplace_transforms > History From 1744, Leonhard Euler investigated integrals of the form as solutions of differential equations, but did not pursue the matter very far. Joseph-Louis Lagrange was an admirer of Euler and, in his work on integrating probability density functions, investigated expre... |
Electromagnetic wave equation Multipole expansion Electromagnetic_wave_equation > Solutions to the homogeneous electromagnetic wave equation > Multipole expansion Assuming monochromatic fields varying in time as e − i ω t {\displaystyle e^{-i\omega t}} , if one uses Maxwell's Equations to eliminate B, the electromagnet... |
BKT transition Disordered phases with different correlations Kosterlitz-Thouless_transition > XY model > Disordered phases with different correlations In the XY model in two dimensions, a second-order phase transition is not seen. However, one finds a low-temperature quasi-ordered phase with a correlation function (see... |
Capacitor AC circuits Parallel_plate_capacitor > Theory of operation > AC circuits The ratio of peak voltage to peak current is due to capacitive reactance (denoted XC). XC approaches zero as ω approaches infinity. If XC approaches 0, the capacitor resembles a short wire that strongly passes current at high frequencies... |
Linear variable differential transformer Operation Linear_variable_differential_transformer > Operation This voltage is in phase with the primary voltage. When the core moves in the other direction, the output voltage also increases from zero, but its phase is opposite to that of the primary. The phase of the output vo... |
Hypergraph removal lemma Proof idea of the hypergraph removal lemma Hypergraph_removal_lemma > Proof idea of the hypergraph removal lemma The high level idea of the proof is similar to that of graph removal lemma. We prove a hypergraph version of Szemerédi's regularity lemma (partition hypergraphs into pseudorandom blo... |
Elastic collision One-dimensional Newtonian Elastic_interaction > Equations > One-dimensional Newtonian In any collision, momentum is conserved; but in an elastic collision, kinetic energy is also conserved. Consider particles 1 and 2 with masses m1, m2, and velocities u1, u2 before collision, v1, v2 after collision. T... |
Henstock integral General Henstock_integral > References > General ISBN 978-0-8218-0845-0. A Modern Integration Theory in 21st Century Bartle, Robert G.; Sherbert, Donald R. (1999). |
Insulin therapy Dosage units Insulin_therapy > Dosage and timing > Dosage units The unit of insulin was set by the insulin committee at the University of Toronto. The unit evolved eventually to the old USP insulin unit, where one unit (U) of insulin was set equal to the amount of insulin required to reduce the concentr... |
Augustin-Jean Fresnel First attempt (1815) Augustin-Jean_Fresnel > Contributions to physical optics > Diffraction > First attempt (1815) On 12 July 1815, as Fresnel was about to leave Paris, Arago left him a note on a new topic: I do not know of any book that contains all the experiments that physicists are doing on th... |
24 (number) In number theory and algebra 24_(number) > In mathematics > In number theory and algebra 24 = 4!, the factorial of 4. It is the largest factorial that does not contain a trailing zero at the end of its digits (since factorial of any integer greater than 4 is divisible by both 2 and 5), and represents the nu... |
Entropy and life Objections Entropy_and_life > Objections Even in those physical systems where equilibrium could be relevant, (1) living systems cannot persist in isolation, and (2) the second principle of thermodynamics does not require that free energy be transformed into entropy along the shortest path: living organ... |
Nullary operation Varying arity Nullary_operation > Examples > Varying arity In computer science, a function that accepts a variable number of arguments is called variadic. In logic and philosophy, predicates or relations accepting a variable number of arguments are called multigrade, anadic, or variably polyadic. |
History of scientific method Aristotle History_of_scientific_method > Early methodology > Aristotle This leads to the question of how the primary premises are found or developed, and as mentioned above, Aristotle allowed that induction would be required for this task. Towards the end of the Posterior Analytics, Aristot... |
Flexibility method Advantages and disadvantages Flexibility_method > Advantages and disadvantages While the choice of redundant forces in (4) appears to be arbitrary and troublesome for automatic computation, this objection can be overcome by proceeding from (3) directly to (5) using a modified Gauss–Jordan elimination... |
Database index Column order Clustered_index > Column order Some databases can do this, others just won't use the index. In the phone book example with a composite index created on the columns (city, last_name, first_name), if we search by giving exact values for all the three fields, search time is minimal—but if we pr... |
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