| --- |
| license: cc0-1.0 |
| papers: |
| - https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01833 |
| annotations_creators: |
| - found |
| - machine-generated |
| language_creators: |
| - found |
| language: |
| - en |
| - mul |
| pretty_name: OpenAlex Snapshot |
| tags: |
| - academic |
| - scholarly-metadata |
| - citation-data |
| - bibliometrics |
| - open-science |
| - tabular |
| size_categories: |
| - n>1T |
| source_datasets: |
| - original |
| task_categories: |
| - tabular-classification |
| - feature-extraction |
| configs: |
| - config_name: works |
| data_files: data/works/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| default: true |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: doi |
| dtype: string |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: indexed_in |
| dtype: string |
| - name: publication_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: publication_year |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: language |
| dtype: string |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: authorships |
| dtype: string |
| - name: authors_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: corresponding_author_ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: corresponding_institution_ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: primary_topic |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topics |
| dtype: string |
| - name: keywords |
| dtype: string |
| - name: concepts |
| dtype: string |
| - name: locations |
| dtype: string |
| - name: locations_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: primary_location |
| dtype: string |
| - name: best_oa_location |
| dtype: string |
| - name: sustainable_development_goals |
| dtype: string |
| - name: awards |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funders |
| dtype: string |
| - name: institutions |
| dtype: string |
| - name: countries_distinct_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: institutions_distinct_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: open_access |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_paratext |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_retracted |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_xpac |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: biblio |
| dtype: string |
| - name: referenced_works |
| dtype: string |
| - name: referenced_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: related_works |
| dtype: string |
| - name: abstract_inverted_index |
| dtype: string |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: apc_list |
| dtype: string |
| - name: apc_paid |
| dtype: string |
| - name: fwci |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: citation_normalized_percentile |
| dtype: string |
| - name: cited_by_percentile_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: mesh |
| dtype: string |
| - name: has_content |
| dtype: string |
| - name: has_fulltext |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: authors |
| data_files: data/authors/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: orcid |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_alternatives |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: affiliations |
| dtype: string |
| - name: last_known_institutions |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topics |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic_share |
| dtype: string |
| - name: x_concepts |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: sources |
| data_files: data/sources/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: issn_l |
| dtype: string |
| - name: issn |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: host_organization |
| dtype: string |
| - name: host_organization_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: host_organization_lineage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_oa |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_in_doaj |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_in_doaj_since_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_high_oa_rate |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_high_oa_rate_since_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_in_scielo |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_ojs |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_core |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: oa_flip_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: first_publication_year |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: last_publication_year |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: homepage_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: apc_prices |
| dtype: string |
| - name: apc_usd |
| dtype: string |
| - name: country_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: societies |
| dtype: string |
| - name: alternate_titles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topics |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic_share |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: institutions |
| data_files: data/institutions/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ror |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: country_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: lineage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_super_system |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: type_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: homepage_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_thumbnail_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_acronyms |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_alternatives |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: roles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: repositories |
| dtype: string |
| - name: geo |
| dtype: string |
| - name: wikidata_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: wiki_page |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topics |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topic_share |
| dtype: string |
| - name: associated_institutions |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: publishers |
| data_files: data/publishers/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: lineage |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: alternate_titles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: country_codes |
| dtype: string |
| - name: hierarchy_level |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ror_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_thumbnail_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: wikidata_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: homepage_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: roles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: sources_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: funders |
| data_files: data/funders/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: alternate_titles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: country_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: homepage_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_thumbnail_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: awards_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: roles |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: awards |
| data_files: data/awards/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funder_award_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: amount |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: currency |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funder |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funding_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funder_scheme |
| dtype: string |
| - name: provenance |
| dtype: string |
| - name: start_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: end_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: start_year |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: end_year |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: lead_investigator |
| dtype: string |
| - name: co_lead_investigator |
| dtype: string |
| - name: investigators |
| dtype: string |
| - name: landing_page_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: doi |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funded_outputs |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funded_outputs_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - config_name: concepts |
| data_files: data/concepts/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: wikidata |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: level |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: summary_stats |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: image_thumbnail_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: international |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ancestors |
| dtype: string |
| - name: related_concepts |
| dtype: string |
| - name: counts_by_year |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: topics |
| data_files: data/topics/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: original_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: keywords |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: field |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subfield |
| dtype: string |
| - name: siblings |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: domains |
| data_files: data/domains/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: original_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_alternatives |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: fields |
| dtype: string |
| - name: siblings |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: fields |
| data_files: data/fields/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: original_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_alternatives |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: subfields |
| dtype: string |
| - name: siblings |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| - config_name: subfields |
| data_files: data/subfields/**/*.jsonl.gz |
| features: |
| - name: original_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: ids |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_name_alternatives |
| dtype: string |
| - name: description |
| dtype: string |
| - name: domain |
| dtype: string |
| - name: field |
| dtype: string |
| - name: topics |
| dtype: string |
| - name: siblings |
| dtype: string |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: works_api_url |
| dtype: string |
| - name: created_date |
| dtype: string |
| - name: updated_date |
| dtype: string |
| dataset_info: |
| - config_name: domains_external_ids |
| data_dir: domains/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: domain_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 12 |
| num_bytes: 1406 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: domains_name_alternatives |
| data_dir: domains/name_alternatives |
| features: |
| - name: domain_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_alternative |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 6 |
| num_bytes: 984 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: fields_domains |
| data_dir: fields/domains |
| features: |
| - name: field_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: domain_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 26 |
| num_bytes: 937 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: fields_external_ids |
| data_dir: fields/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: field_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 78 |
| num_bytes: 2225 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: fields_name_alternatives |
| data_dir: fields/name_alternatives |
| features: |
| - name: field_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_alternative |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 60 |
| num_bytes: 1805 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: subfields_domains |
| data_dir: subfields/domains |
| features: |
| - name: subfield_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: domain_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 252 |
| num_bytes: 2166 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: subfields_external_ids |
| data_dir: subfields/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: subfield_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 756 |
| num_bytes: 11198 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: subfields_fields |
| data_dir: subfields/fields |
| features: |
| - name: subfield_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: field_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 252 |
| num_bytes: 2354 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: subfields_name_alternatives |
| data_dir: subfields/name_alternatives |
| features: |
| - name: subfield_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_alternative |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 393 |
| num_bytes: 6728 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: topics_domains |
| data_dir: topics/domains |
| features: |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: domain_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 4516 |
| num_bytes: 27397 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: topics_external_ids |
| data_dir: topics/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 9032 |
| num_bytes: 145268 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: topics_fields |
| data_dir: topics/fields |
| features: |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: field_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 4516 |
| num_bytes: 29182 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: topics_keywords |
| data_dir: topics/keywords |
| features: |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: keyword |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 45154 |
| num_bytes: 482701 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: topics_subfields |
| data_dir: topics/subfields |
| features: |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: subfield_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 4516 |
| num_bytes: 31796 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: publishers_alternate_titles |
| data_dir: publishers/alternate_titles |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 9072 |
| num_bytes: 382770 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: publishers_countries |
| data_dir: publishers/countries |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: country_code |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 18518 |
| num_bytes: 279010 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: publishers_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: publishers/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 188549 |
| num_bytes: 1846648 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: publishers_external_ids |
| data_dir: publishers/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 47468 |
| num_bytes: 1259281 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: publishers_lineage |
| data_dir: publishers/lineage |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ancestor_publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 0 |
| num_bytes: 21573 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: publishers_roles |
| data_dir: publishers/roles |
| features: |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_entity_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: role_prefix |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 32476 |
| num_bytes: 748215 |
| num_shards: 51 |
| - config_name: funders_alternate_titles |
| data_dir: funders/alternate_titles |
| features: |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 71645 |
| num_bytes: 1450887 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: funders_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: funders/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 551451 |
| num_bytes: 2705836 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: funders_external_ids |
| data_dir: funders/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 135985 |
| num_bytes: 1422310 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: funders_roles |
| data_dir: funders/roles |
| features: |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_entity_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: role_prefix |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 52733 |
| num_bytes: 588203 |
| num_shards: 1 |
| - config_name: awards_funded_outputs |
| data_dir: awards/funded_outputs |
| features: |
| - name: award_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 32514594 |
| num_bytes: 357839382 |
| num_shards: 20 |
| - config_name: awards_investigator_affiliations |
| data_dir: awards/investigator_affiliations |
| features: |
| - name: award_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: investigator_orcid |
| dtype: string |
| - name: investigator_family_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: affiliation_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: affiliation_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: asserted_by |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 742905 |
| num_bytes: 22178902 |
| num_shards: 20 |
| - config_name: awards_investigators |
| data_dir: awards/investigators |
| features: |
| - name: award_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: given_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: family_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: orcid |
| dtype: string |
| - name: affiliation_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: affiliation_country |
| dtype: string |
| - name: role_start |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_lead |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_co_lead |
| dtype: bool |
| num_rows: 4658360 |
| num_bytes: 249300204 |
| num_shards: 20 |
| - config_name: concepts_ancestors |
| data_dir: concepts/ancestors |
| features: |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ancestor_concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 0 |
| num_bytes: 1221 |
| num_shards: 3 |
| - config_name: concepts_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: concepts/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 0 |
| num_bytes: 2115 |
| num_shards: 3 |
| - config_name: concepts_external_ids |
| data_dir: concepts/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 195078 |
| num_bytes: 3086645 |
| num_shards: 3 |
| - config_name: concepts_related |
| data_dir: concepts/related |
| features: |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: related_concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 0 |
| num_bytes: 1551 |
| num_shards: 3 |
| - config_name: institutions_associations |
| data_dir: institutions/associations |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: associated_institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: relationship_type |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 131583 |
| num_bytes: 2003185 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: institutions/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 2107775 |
| num_bytes: 25242763 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_external_ids |
| data_dir: institutions/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 437211 |
| num_bytes: 11418278 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_lineage |
| data_dir: institutions/lineage |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: ancestor_institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 58865 |
| num_bytes: 785710 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_name_acronyms |
| data_dir: institutions/name_acronyms |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_acronym |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 81935 |
| num_bytes: 1888938 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_name_alternatives |
| data_dir: institutions/name_alternatives |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_alternative |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 132397 |
| num_bytes: 7667620 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_repositories |
| data_dir: institutions/repositories |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 8186 |
| num_bytes: 199201 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_roles |
| data_dir: institutions/roles |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_entity_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: role_type |
| dtype: string |
| - name: role_prefix |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 201446 |
| num_bytes: 4351258 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_topic_share |
| data_dir: institutions/topic_share |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: value |
| dtype: float64 |
| num_rows: 3482471 |
| num_bytes: 30081570 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: institutions_topics |
| data_dir: institutions/topics |
| features: |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 3482471 |
| num_bytes: 27627497 |
| num_shards: 61 |
| - config_name: sources_alternate_titles |
| data_dir: sources/alternate_titles |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: title |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 22877 |
| num_bytes: 905217 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_apc_prices |
| data_dir: sources/apc_prices |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: price |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: currency |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 25021 |
| num_bytes: 283365 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: sources/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 1000731 |
| num_bytes: 8405422 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_external_ids |
| data_dir: sources/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 138631 |
| num_bytes: 2618830 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_host_lineage |
| data_dir: sources/host_lineage |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: publisher_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 23820 |
| num_bytes: 378319 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_issns |
| data_dir: sources/issns |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: issn |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 57525 |
| num_bytes: 1302945 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_societies |
| data_dir: sources/societies |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: organization |
| dtype: string |
| - name: url |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 3811 |
| num_bytes: 280131 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_topic_share |
| data_dir: sources/topic_share |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: value |
| dtype: float64 |
| num_rows: 204995 |
| num_bytes: 3064924 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: sources_topics |
| data_dir: sources/topics |
| features: |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 204995 |
| num_bytes: 2089180 |
| num_shards: 42 |
| - config_name: authors_concepts |
| data_dir: authors/concepts |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: level |
| dtype: int32 |
| num_rows: 772383165 |
| num_bytes: 8907493756 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: authors/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: oa_works_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 883778965 |
| num_bytes: 3569671281 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_external_ids |
| data_dir: authors/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 230981827 |
| num_bytes: 2858151795 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_institutions |
| data_dir: authors/institutions |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 427101765 |
| num_bytes: 1923414561 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_last_known_institutions |
| data_dir: authors/last_known_institutions |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 103777300 |
| num_bytes: 954940491 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_name_alternatives |
| data_dir: authors/name_alternatives |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name_alternative |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 392858113 |
| num_bytes: 6044096512 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_sources |
| data_dir: authors/sources |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: is_core |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_in_doaj |
| dtype: bool |
| num_rows: 835250610 |
| num_bytes: 4041979497 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_topic_share |
| data_dir: authors/topic_share |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: value |
| dtype: float64 |
| num_rows: 544517049 |
| num_bytes: 3739593865 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: authors_topics |
| data_dir: authors/topics |
| features: |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: count |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 544517049 |
| num_bytes: 4270138942 |
| num_shards: 688 |
| - config_name: works_abstracts |
| data_dir: works/abstracts |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: abstract_inverted_index |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 248221431 |
| num_bytes: 221145420894 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_authorship_institutions |
| data_dir: works/authorship_institutions |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 760634768 |
| num_bytes: 11422205890 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_authorships |
| data_dir: works/authorships |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: author_position |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 960189908 |
| num_bytes: 11780783633 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_awards |
| data_dir: works/awards |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: award_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: display_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funder_award_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: funder_display_name |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 79317425 |
| num_bytes: 2805473012 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_concepts |
| data_dir: works/concepts |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: concept_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 4501395411 |
| num_bytes: 32486361424 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_corresponding_authors |
| data_dir: works/corresponding_authors |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: author_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 293212905 |
| num_bytes: 4487890024 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_corresponding_institutions |
| data_dir: works/corresponding_institutions |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: institution_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 181632080 |
| num_bytes: 2120194663 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_counts_by_year |
| data_dir: works/counts_by_year |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: year |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: cited_by_count |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 383642629 |
| num_bytes: 2744668463 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_external_ids |
| data_dir: works/external_ids |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source |
| dtype: string |
| - name: value |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 968222949 |
| num_bytes: 16373399055 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_funders |
| data_dir: works/funders |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: funder_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: award_id |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 0 |
| num_bytes: 1050738 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_indexed_in |
| data_dir: works/indexed_in |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: index_name |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 336380264 |
| num_bytes: 2397345528 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_keywords |
| data_dir: works/keywords |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: keyword_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 2832660113 |
| num_bytes: 28074665218 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_locations |
| data_dir: works/locations |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: source_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: is_oa |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_primary |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: license |
| dtype: string |
| - name: version |
| dtype: string |
| num_rows: 537965838 |
| num_bytes: 5106323570 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_mesh |
| data_dir: works/mesh |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: descriptor_ui |
| dtype: string |
| - name: descriptor_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: qualifier_ui |
| dtype: string |
| - name: qualifier_name |
| dtype: string |
| - name: is_major_topic |
| dtype: bool |
| num_rows: 1127251188 |
| num_bytes: 15921498336 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_references |
| data_dir: works/references |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: referenced_work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 2912952343 |
| num_bytes: 35367925096 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_related |
| data_dir: works/related |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: related_work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| num_rows: 2598276518 |
| num_bytes: 18767817619 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_sdgs |
| data_dir: works/sdgs |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: sdg_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 174402726 |
| num_bytes: 2039374831 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| - config_name: works_topics |
| data_dir: works/topics |
| features: |
| - name: work_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: topic_id |
| dtype: int64 |
| - name: score |
| dtype: float32 |
| num_rows: 1007532780 |
| num_bytes: 7612990305 |
| num_shards: 2127 |
| --- |
| |
| # OpenAlex Snapshot |
|
|
| Mirror of the [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org) scholarly metadata snapshot — a free, open catalogue of 250M+ scholarly works, 100M+ authors, and related entities. |
|
|
| Hosted on [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Mearman/OpenAlex) via [Xet](https://xetdata.com) for content-addressable deduplication. |
|
|
| **Source**: [s3://openalex](https://openalex.s3.amazonaws.com/) (public, anonymous S3 bucket) |
|
|
| ## Dataset subsets |
|
|
| Each entity type is a separate subset (config): |
|
|
| | Config | Description | Shards | |
| |--------|-------------|--------| |
| | `works` | Scholarly works (papers, datasets, etc.) | 2,127 | |
| | `authors` | Authors of scholarly works | 738 | |
| | `institutions` | Universities, research orgs | 61 | |
| | `publishers` | Academic publishers | 51 | |
| | `sources` | Journals, repositories, conferences | 42 | |
| | `awards` | Grant/funding awards | 20 | |
| | `concepts` | Legacy concept taxonomy (Wikidata) | 3 | |
| | `topics` | Topic taxonomy | 1 | |
| | `domains` | Top-level topic domains | 1 | |
| | `fields` | Topic fields | 1 | |
| | `subfields` | Topic subfields | 1 | |
| | `funders` | Funding organisations | 1 | |
|
|
| ## Data format |
|
|
| Each shard is a gzip-compressed JSON Lines file at: |
|
|
| ``` |
| data/{entity}/updated_date=YYYY-MM-DD/part_XXXX.jsonl.gz |
| ``` |
|
|
| The `.jsonl.gz` extension allows the HuggingFace dataset viewer to detect the inner format automatically. On S3, files are named `part_XXXX.gz`; the download pipeline renames them on save. |
|
|
| Each line is a JSON object representing one entity record. Fields vary by entity type. See the [OpenAlex data model](https://docs.openalex.org/) for field definitions. |
|
|
| ### Example: Work record fields |
|
|
| `id`, `doi`, `title`, `display_name`, `publication_year`, `type`, `language`, `authorships`, `concepts`, `topics`, `keywords`, `cited_by_count`, `referenced_works`, `related_works`, `locations`, `open_access`, `funders`, `awards`, `mesh`, `sustainable_development_goals`, `counts_by_year`, `updated_date`, and more. |
|
|
| ## Sync and extraction pipeline |
|
|
| The `sync/` directory contains a Python pipeline for downloading from S3 and extracting relationship tables to Parquet: |
|
|
| 1. **Download**: `python3 -m sync.download sync [--entity X]` — syncs from `s3://openalex` (public, anonymous) |
| 2. **Extract**: `python3 -m sync.extract extract [--entity X] --workers 6` — converts `.jsonl.gz` to nested parquet sub-tables |
|
|
| Extraction supports `--slice-index N --slice-total M` to partition work across machines. |
|
|
| ## Adding new entity types |
|
|
| OpenAlex occasionally adds new entities. To support a new one: |
|
|
| 1. **Download**: `python3 -m sync.download sync --entity {entity}` |
| 2. **Schema**: Add entity + relationship schemas to `sync/schemas.py` |
| 3. **Extraction**: Add dispatch entry to `_ENTITY_DISPATCH` in `sync/extract.py` |
| 4. **Nesting**: Add singular→plural entry to `_ENTITY_SINGULAR_TO_PLURAL` in `sync/common.py` |
| 5. **Commit**: Stage and push |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| OpenAlex data is released under [CC0 1.0 Universal](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). See the [OpenAlex terms](https://docs.openalex.org/about/the-data) for details. |
|
|
