id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0474 | Who was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains? | Conrad Gessner | [
"Alps\n\nConrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the \"theatre of the Lord\". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers a... |
56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0475 | Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born? | Geneva | [
"Alps\n\nConrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the \"theatre of the Lord\". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers a... |
56f8c57f9e9bad19000a0476 | Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc? | Saussure | [
"Alps\n\nConrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the \"theatre of the Lord\". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers a... |
56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0484 | Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty? | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | [
"Alps\n\nJean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die... |
56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0485 | Who wrote the poem Die Alpen? | Albrecht von Haller | [
"Alps\n\nJean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die... |
56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0486 | When did the Alpine countries see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians? | After the end of the Napoleonic Wars | [
"Alps\n\nJean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die... |
56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0487 | What did the visitors come to experience in the Alpine countries? | the sublime effects of monumental nature | [
"Alps\n\nJean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die... |
56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0f9f | Percy and Mary Shelley were inspired by what region's scenery? | Geneva | [
"Alps\n\nIn 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem \"Mont Blanc\", Byron wrote \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scener... |
56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0fa0 | What poem did Shelley write during the visits to Geneva? | Mont Blanc | [
"Alps\n\nIn 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem \"Mont Blanc\", Byron wrote \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scener... |
56f8c6c89b226e1400dd0fa1 | When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region? | the mid-19th century | [
"Alps\n\nIn 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem \"Mont Blanc\", Byron wrote \"The Prisoner of Chillon\" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scener... |
56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fab | Where was Adolf Hitler born? | Austrian | [
"Alps\n\nAustrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Arm... |
56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fac | What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with? | the Alps | [
"Alps\n\nAustrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Arm... |
56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fad | Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s? | the Obersalzberg region | [
"Alps\n\nAustrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Arm... |
56f8c72c9b226e1400dd0fae | When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps? | 1923 | [
"Alps\n\nAustrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Arm... |
56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc7 | By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries? | the Third Reich | [
"Alps\n\nBy 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the coun... |
56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc8 | What country underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich? | Austria | [
"Alps\n\nBy 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the coun... |
56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fc9 | What was the only country that avoided invasion from the Third Reich? | Switzerland | [
"Alps\n\nBy 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the coun... |
56f8c7c89b226e1400dd0fca | Who wired the infrastructure leading into Switzerland? | The Swiss commanders | [
"Alps\n\nBy 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the coun... |
56f8c8379e9bad19000a04be | Who were trained for the war? | Ski troops | [
"Alps\n\nSki troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where... |
56f8c8379e9bad19000a04bf | Where was the battle at Riva Ridge? | Italy | [
"Alps\n\nSki troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where... |
56f8c8379e9bad19000a04c0 | Where was a substantial amount of Nazi plunder found at the end of the war? | Austria | [
"Alps\n\nSki troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where... |
56f8c8379e9bad19000a04c1 | Where did American troops find 75 kilos of gold coins? | The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area | [
"Alps\n\nSki troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where... |
56f8c9319e9bad19000a04da | What is the population of the Alpine region? | 14 million | [
"Alps\n\nThe population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry c... |
56f8c9319e9bad19000a04db | What does the economy consist of on the rim of the mountains? | manufacturing and service jobs | [
"Alps\n\nThe population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry c... |
56f8c9319e9bad19000a04dc | Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what? | Alpine culture | [
"Alps\n\nThe population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry c... |
56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0ffd | Much of what has not changed since the medieval period? | Alpine culture | [
"Alps\n\nMuch of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking."
] |
56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0ffe | When were skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys most important? | the medieval period | [
"Alps\n\nMuch of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking."
] |
56f8c9cd9b226e1400dd0fff | What is one of the strongest traditions in Alpine culture? | carpentry | [
"Alps\n\nMuch of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking."
] |
56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd102f | What has been a traditional occupation for centuries? | Farming | [
"Alps\n\nFarming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, whe... |
56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1030 | What made farming less dominant in the 20th century? | tourism | [
"Alps\n\nFarming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, whe... |
56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1031 | Why is pasture land limited? | because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps | [
"Alps\n\nFarming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, whe... |
56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1032 | When are cows moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline? | mid-June | [
"Alps\n\nFarming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, whe... |
56f8cdb69e9bad19000a0538 | What is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries? | Cheesemaking | [
"Alps\n\nCheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the pro... |
56f8cdb69e9bad19000a0539 | How much can a wheel of cheese from the Emmental weigh? | up to 45 kg (100 lb) | [
"Alps\n\nCheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the pro... |
56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053a | What is an important farming activity in mountain villages? | Haymaking | [
"Alps\n\nCheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the pro... |
56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053b | How many times is Hay normally brought each year? | twice | [
"Alps\n\nCheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the pro... |
56f8cdb69e9bad19000a053c | When is Carnival celebrated? | before Lent | [
"Alps\n\nCheesemaking is an ancient tradition in most Alpine countries. A wheel of cheese from the Emmental in Switzerland can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb), and the Beaufort in Savoy can weight up to 70 kilograms (150 lb). Owners of the cows traditionally receive from the cheesemakers a portion in relation to the pro... |
56f8ceb29e9bad19000a0548 | What do people in high villages build their homes according to? | medieval designs that withstand cold winters | [
"Alps\n\nIn the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the... |
56f8ceb29e9bad19000a0549 | What is the area of the home heated by a stove called? | the stube | [
"Alps\n\nIn the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the... |
56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054a | The typic Swiss chalet originated from where? | the Bernese Oberland | [
"Alps\n\nIn the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the... |
56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054b | Which direction do Chalets often face? | south or downhill | [
"Alps\n\nIn the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the... |
56f8ceb29e9bad19000a054c | What are Chalets built of? | solid wood | [
"Alps\n\nIn the high villages people live in homes built according to medieval designs that withstand cold winters. The kitchen is separated from the living area (called the stube, the area of the home heated by a stove), and second-floor bedrooms benefit from rising heat. The typical Swiss chalet originated in the... |
56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0564 | The food is passed from the kitchen to where? | the stube | [
"Alps\n\nFood is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been tradition... |
56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0565 | Where is the dining room table placed? | the stube | [
"Alps\n\nFood is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been tradition... |
56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0566 | Traditionally, what are meals served on? | carved wooden plates | [
"Alps\n\nFood is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been tradition... |
56f8cf5e9e9bad19000a0567 | How is furniture traditionally carved? | elaborately | [
"Alps\n\nFood is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been tradition... |
56f8d0689b226e1400dd105b | What are roofs traditionally constructed from? | Alpine rocks | [
"Alps\n\nRoofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed ... |
56f8d0689b226e1400dd105c | Where are chalets typically used for roof construction found?? | the higher parts of the valleys | [
"Alps\n\nRoofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed ... |
56f8d0689b226e1400dd105d | The inclination of the roof cannot exceed how much? | 40% | [
"Alps\n\nRoofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed ... |
56f8d0689b226e1400dd105e | How many dialects have been identified in the Slavic Alps? | 19 | [
"Alps\n\nRoofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed ... |
56f8d0689b226e1400dd105f | What language is spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland? | Romansh | [
"Alps\n\nRoofs are traditionally constructed from Alpine rocks such as pieces of schist, gneiss or slate. Such chalets are typically found in the higher parts of the valleys, as in the Maurienne valley in Savoy, where the amount of snow during the cold months is important. The inclination of the roof cannot exceed ... |
56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0592 | What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world? | the Alps | [
"Alps\n\nAt present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year... |
56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0593 | Where is Saalbach located? | Austria | [
"Alps\n\nAt present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year... |
56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0594 | How many people visit the Alps every year? | over 120 million | [
"Alps\n\nAt present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year... |
56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0595 | What is an integral part of the Alpine economy? | tourism | [
"Alps\n\nAt present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year... |
56f8d17c9b226e1400dd106f | When did the tourism industry begin? | the early 19th century | [
"Alps\n\nThe tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher ... |
56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1070 | When were large hotels built in the Alps? | during the Belle Époque | [
"Alps\n\nThe tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher ... |
56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1071 | When were cog-railways built in the Alps? | early in the 20th century | [
"Alps\n\nThe tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher ... |
56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1072 | When was the first figure skating championship held? | 1882 | [
"Alps\n\nThe tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher ... |
56f8d17c9b226e1400dd1073 | Where was the first figure skating championship held? | St. Moritz | [
"Alps\n\nThe tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher ... |
56f8d2919e9bad19000a059a | Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1924? | Chamonix, France | [
"Alps\n\nIn the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games wer... |
56f8d2919e9bad19000a059b | Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1928? | St. Moritz, Switzerland | [
"Alps\n\nIn the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games wer... |
56f8d2919e9bad19000a059c | Where were the Winter Olympics held in 1936? | Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany | [
"Alps\n\nIn the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games wer... |
56f8d2919e9bad19000a059d | When was the Lauberhorn Rennen ran for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen? | 1930 | [
"Alps\n\nIn the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games wer... |
56f8d2919e9bad19000a059e | When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? | (1992) | [
"Alps\n\nIn the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games wer... |
56f8d3179b226e1400dd1095 | When were ski-lifts built in Swiss and Austrian towns? | post-World War I | [
"Alps\n\nDuring the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages we... |
56f8d3179b226e1400dd1096 | When were several new villages built in France almost exclusively for skiing? | the 1970s | [
"Alps\n\nDuring the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages we... |
56f8d3179b226e1400dd1097 | Where is Les Menuires located? | France | [
"Alps\n\nDuring the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages we... |
56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a5 | How much area is devoted to roads in the Alpine region? | 4,200 km (2,600 mi) | [
"Alps\n\nThe region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans ... |
56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a6 | How many vehicles use the roads? | 6 million | [
"Alps\n\nThe region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans ... |
56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a7 | Where are most of Europe's highest railways located? | Switzerland | [
"Alps\n\nThe region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans ... |
56f8d39d9b226e1400dd10a8 | How long is the tunnel connecting Lotschberg and Gotthard planned to be? | 57 km | [
"Alps\n\nThe region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans ... |
56f8d4209b226e1400dd10ad | Where is the village of Avoriaz located? | France | [
"Alps\n\nSome high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragil... |
56f8d4209b226e1400dd10ae | Where are the villages of Wengen and Zermatt located? | Switzerland | [
"Alps\n\nSome high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragil... |
56f8d4209b226e1400dd10af | Why are villages considering becoming car free zones? | reasons of sustainability | [
"Alps\n\nSome high mountain villages, such as Avoriaz (in France), Wengen, and Zermatt (in Switzerland) are accessible only by cable car or cog-rail trains, and are car free. Other villages in the Alps are considering becoming car free zones or limiting the number of cars for reasons of sustainability of the fragil... |
56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b3 | When are many passes in the Alps closed? | winter | [
"Alps\n\nThe lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and ... |
56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b4 | The lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by what? | motorways | [
"Alps\n\nThe lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and ... |
56f8d4ee9b226e1400dd10b5 | What can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes? | mountain passes | [
"Alps\n\nThe lower regions and larger towns of the Alps are well-served by motorways and main roads, but higher mountain passes and byroads, which are amongst the highest in Europe, can be treacherous even in summer due to steep slopes. Many passes are closed in winter. A multitude of airports around the Alps (and ... |
56f88b90aef2371900626166 | What is a gene? | a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product | [
"Gene\n\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many... |
56f88b90aef2371900626167 | What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits? | The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring | [
"Gene\n\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many... |
56f88b90aef2371900626168 | What influence are most biological traits under? | polygenes (many different genes) | [
"Gene\n\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many... |
56f88b90aef2371900626169 | What is one instantly visible genetic trait? | eye colour or number of limbs | [
"Gene\n\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many... |
56f88b90aef237190062616a | What is one invisible genetic trait? | blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life | [
"Gene\n\nA gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many... |
56f88e06aef2371900626180 | What do mutations in a gene sequence lead to? | different variants, known as alleles | [
"Gene\n\nGenes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\... |
56f88e06aef2371900626181 | What do alleles do? | encode slightly different versions of a protein | [
"Gene\n\nGenes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\... |
56f88e06aef2371900626182 | What do alleles cause? | different phenotype traits | [
"Gene\n\nGenes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\... |
56f88e06aef2371900626183 | What does "having a gene" or a "good gene" typically refer to? | having a different allele of the gene | [
"Gene\n\nGenes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\... |
56f88e06aef2371900626184 | What causes genes to evolve? | natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles | [
"Gene\n\nGenes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term \"having a gene\" (e.g., \"good genes,\" \"hair colour gene\... |
56f8935baef23719006261ce | What can regulatory regions of a gene be far removed from? | its coding regions | [
"Gene\n\nThe concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functiona... |
56f8935baef23719006261cf | What can coding regions be split into? | several exons | [
"Gene\n\nThe concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functiona... |
56f8935baef23719006261d0 | What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA? | RNA | [
"Gene\n\nThe concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functiona... |
56f8935baef23719006261d1 | What are some gene products? | functional non-coding RNAs | [
"Gene\n\nThe concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functiona... |
56f8935baef23719006261d2 | What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene? | any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product | [
"Gene\n\nThe concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functiona... |
56f895849e9bad19000a0181 | Who first suggested the existence of discrete inheritable units? | Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) | [
"Gene\n\nThe existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of... |
56f895849e9bad19000a0182 | If a distinct trait in edible pea plants is mathematically described as a 2n combination, what does n represent? | n is the number of differing characteristics in the original peas | [
"Gene\n\nThe existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of... |
56f895849e9bad19000a0183 | What is one thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? | independent assortment | [
"Gene\n\nThe existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of... |
56f895849e9bad19000a0184 | What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? | the distinction between dominant and recessive traits | [
"Gene\n\nThe existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of... |
56f895849e9bad19000a0185 | What did Gregor Mendel explain his results in terms of? | discrete inherited units that give rise to observable physical characteristics | [
"Gene\n\nThe existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of... |
56f896ef9e9bad19000a019b | What was the dominant theory of heredity prior to Mendel's work? | one of blending inheritance | [
"Gene\n\nPrior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed... |
56f896ef9e9bad19000a019c | Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis? | Charles Darwin | [
"Gene\n\nPrior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed... |
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