id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
56fa97178f12f31900630182 | Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what? | ambiguity | [
"High-definition_television\n\n50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g.... |
56fa995df34c681400b0c0f9 | What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product? | the frame rate | [
"High-definition_television\n\nFor the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames... |
56fa995df34c681400b0c0fa | What does 24p mean? | 24 progressive scan frames per second | [
"High-definition_television\n\nFor the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames... |
56fa995df34c681400b0c0fb | What does 50i mean? | 25 interlaced frames per second | [
"High-definition_television\n\nFor the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames... |
56fa995df34c681400b0c0fc | When naming a commercial HDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what? | a resolution | [
"High-definition_television\n\nFor the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames... |
56fa9afa8f12f31900630187 | Is there a single standard for HDTV color support? | no | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThere is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algo... |
56fa9afa8f12f31900630188 | Before being converted to RGB, colors are ususally broadcasted using what color space? | YUV | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThere is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algo... |
56fa9afa8f12f31900630189 | Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what? | a RGB color space | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThere is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algo... |
56fa9afa8f12f3190063018a | When transmitted over the internet, colors are typically to what? | 8-bit RGB channels | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThere is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algo... |
56fa9afa8f12f3190063018b | What assumption is made with colors being transmitted over the internet? | it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThere is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algo... |
56fa9f9df34c681400b0c101 | At least how many times more linear resolution does HDTV have over SDTV? | twice | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAt a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or a... |
56fa9f9df34c681400b0c102 | HDTV increases the effective image resolution by not using what? | letterboxing or anamorphic stretching | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAt a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or a... |
56fa9f9df34c681400b0c103 | What does SDTV stand for? | standard-definition television | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAt a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or a... |
56fa9f9df34c681400b0c104 | HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching? | 16:9 | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAt a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or a... |
56faa8ff8f12f31900630191 | If more bandwith is required than is available, a very high resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what? | fidelity | [
"High-definition_television\n\nA very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed sou... |
56faa8ff8f12f31900630192 | The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high? | distort the received picture | [
"High-definition_television\n\nA very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed sou... |
56faa8ff8f12f31900630193 | A very high resolution source may require more of what? | bandwidth | [
"High-definition_television\n\nA very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed sou... |
56faaa04f34c681400b0c109 | A broadcasts optimum format depends on what two things? | the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source."
] |
56faaa04f34c681400b0c10a | For best fidelity to the source, what three things should match the source? | transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source."
] |
56faaa04f34c681400b0c10b | For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what? | those of the source | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source."
] |
56faaa04f34c681400b0c10c | The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what? | The optimum format for a broadcast | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source."
] |
56faaac38f12f31900630197 | PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates apply to what definition televisions? | analogue standard | [
"High-definition_television\n\nPAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former P... |
56faaac38f12f31900630198 | PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates do not apply to what broadcasts? | digital or high definition | [
"High-definition_television\n\nPAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former P... |
56faaac38f12f31900630199 | In former PAL and SECAM countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at? | 25/50 Hz | [
"High-definition_television\n\nPAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former P... |
56faaac38f12f3190063019a | In former NTSC countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at? | 30/60 Hz | [
"High-definition_television\n\nPAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former P... |
56faae57f34c681400b0c111 | At what rate is standard 35mm photographic film exposed and projected? | 24 frames per second | [
"High-definition_television\n\nStandard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate... |
56faae57f34c681400b0c112 | To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned? | 25 frame/s | [
"High-definition_television\n\nStandard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate... |
56faae57f34c681400b0c113 | The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, is called what? | 3:2 Pulldown | [
"High-definition_television\n\nStandard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate... |
56faae57f34c681400b0c114 | The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for two frames? | 1/12 of a second | [
"High-definition_television\n\nStandard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate... |
56faae57f34c681400b0c115 | What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames? | the correct average film frame rate | [
"High-definition_television\n\nStandard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate... |
56fab555f34c681400b0c11b | What two formats are typically used to recorde non-cinematic HDTV video intended for broadcast? | 720p or 1080i | [
"High-definition_television\n\nNon-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode.... |
56fab555f34c681400b0c11c | Which format is typically used for internet distribution of HD video? | 720p | [
"High-definition_television\n\nNon-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode.... |
56fab555f34c681400b0c11d | Most computer monitors operate in what mode? | progressive-scan | [
"High-definition_television\n\nNon-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode.... |
56fab555f34c681400b0c11e | 1080i, 1080p, and 720p are often used on what kind of disc. | Blu-ray | [
"High-definition_television\n\nNon-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode.... |
56fac6d48f12f3190063019f | In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming? | ATSC | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except n... |
56fac6d48f12f319006301a0 | Laws regarding antennas were upated before what? | the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except n... |
56fac6d48f12f319006301a1 | Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas? | home owners' associations and city government | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except n... |
56fac6d48f12f319006301a2 | Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what? | the installation of antennas | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except n... |
56fac6d48f12f319006301a3 | Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner? | 2009 | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except n... |
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c123 | HD content can be displayed by cable-ready TVs without using what? | an external box | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAdditionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."
] |
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c124 | Without using an external box, cable-ready TVs can display what? | HD content | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAdditionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."
] |
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c125 | What features allow the cable-ready TVs to display HD content without an external box? | a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAdditionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."
] |
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c126 | What kind of built-in tuner will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box? | QAM | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAdditionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."
] |
56fac7ddf34c681400b0c127 | What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box? | CableCARD | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAdditionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD."
] |
56fac8e58f12f319006301a9 | Roku and AppleTV are examples of what? | IPTV | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHigh-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into \"Smart Televisions\"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads."
] |
56fac8e58f12f319006301aa | Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what? | High-definition image sources | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHigh-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into \"Smart Televisions\"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads."
] |
56fac8e58f12f319006301ab | Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what? | High-definition image sources | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHigh-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into \"Smart Televisions\"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads."
] |
56fac8e58f12f319006301ac | Digital cable and Roku are examples of what? | High-definition image sources | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHigh-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into \"Smart Televisions\"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads."
] |
56faca31f34c681400b0c12d | Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive HD compatibility? | because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player | [
"High-definition_television\n\nSony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD c... |
56faca31f34c681400b0c12e | In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what? | Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace | [
"High-definition_television\n\nSony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD c... |
56faca31f34c681400b0c12f | What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release? | The Wii U | [
"High-definition_television\n\nSony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD c... |
56faca31f34c681400b0c130 | The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what? | port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics | [
"High-definition_television\n\nSony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD c... |
56facb5d8f12f319006301b1 | Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what? | an HDTV-capable digital video recorder | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receive... |
56facb5d8f12f319006301b2 | Some cable boxes are capable of doing what? | receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receive... |
56facb5d8f12f319006301b3 | What restriction does W-VHS recordings have? | analog only | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receive... |
56facb5d8f12f319006301b4 | What does D-VHS stand for? | Digital-VHS or Data-VHS | [
"High-definition_television\n\nHDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receive... |
56facca98f12f319006301b9 | When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced? | 2008 | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component vide... |
56facca98f12f319006301ba | How does the Personal Video Recorder store content? | in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component vide... |
56facca98f12f319006301bb | Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format? | 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component vide... |
56facca98f12f319006301bc | What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008? | the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder | [
"High-definition_television\n\nThe massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component vide... |
56facd2f8f12f319006301c1 | W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals? | analog HD | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAnalog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market."
] |
56facd2f8f12f319006301c2 | What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market? | Analog tape | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAnalog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market."
] |
56facd2f8f12f319006301c3 | In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what? | expensive and scarce | [
"High-definition_television\n\nAnalog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market."
] |
56faceb3f34c681400b0c135 | Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes? | a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this fe... |
56faceb3f34c681400b0c136 | When were boxes with "functional" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate? | July 2004 | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this fe... |
56faceb3f34c681400b0c137 | Content is now protected by what encryption? | 5C | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this fe... |
56faceb3f34c681400b0c138 | What can 5c encryption prevent? | duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted | [
"High-definition_television\n\nIn the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with \"functional\" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this fe... |
56f9e2819b226e1400dd15e8 | In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years? | fuel | [
"Wood\n\nIt has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems... |
56f9e2819b226e1400dd15e9 | What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood? | cellulose | [
"Wood\n\nIt has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems... |
56f9e2819b226e1400dd15ea | What's the matrix in wood made up of? | lignin | [
"Wood\n\nIt has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems... |
56f9e2819b226e1400dd15eb | What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant? | support | [
"Wood\n\nIt has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems... |
56f9e2819b226e1400dd15ec | What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water? | nutrients | [
"Wood\n\nIt has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems... |
56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4b | How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet? | 434 billion | [
"Wood\n\nThe Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Domina... |
56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4c | What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial? | 47% | [
"Wood\n\nThe Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Domina... |
56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4d | In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make? | furniture | [
"Wood\n\nThe Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Domina... |
56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4e | About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991? | 3.5 | [
"Wood\n\nThe Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Domina... |
56f9e5219e9bad19000a0b4f | In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source? | abundant | [
"Wood\n\nThe Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Domina... |
56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b55 | What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered? | 2011 | [
"Wood\n\nA 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created."
] |
56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b56 | In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found? | New Brunswick | [
"Wood\n\nA 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created."
] |
56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b57 | If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood? | carbon dating | [
"Wood\n\nA 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created."
] |
56f9e7ba9e9bad19000a0b58 | How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick? | 395 to 400 | [
"Wood\n\nA 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created."
] |
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe7 | What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel? | construction material | [
"Wood\n\nPeople have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."
... |
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe8 | What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people? | houses | [
"Wood\n\nPeople have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."
... |
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffe9 | For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing? | tree-ring widths | [
"Wood\n\nPeople have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."
... |
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffea | What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers? | weapons | [
"Wood\n\nPeople have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."
... |
56f9e9738f12f3190062ffeb | What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to? | furniture | [
"Wood\n\nPeople have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time."
... |
56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedb | Where does wood come from? | trees | [
"Wood\n\nWood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascu... |
56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedc | What forms in a tree to increase its diameter? | woody layers | [
"Wood\n\nWood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascu... |
56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedd | What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called? | secondary growth | [
"Wood\n\nWood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascu... |
56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bede | What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree? | seasons | [
"Wood\n\nWood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascu... |
56f9eb0bf34c681400b0bedf | If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called? | annual rings | [
"Wood\n\nWood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascu... |
56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee5 | If a growth ring has differences over one season, would the part nearest the tree's center be narrower or wider? | wider | [
"Wood\n\nIf there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earl... |
56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee6 | What name, besides springwood, is used for the part of a growth ring formed in the beginning of the growing season? | earlywood | [
"Wood\n\nIf there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earl... |
56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee7 | If the opposite of springwood is summerwood, what's the opposite of earlywood? | latewood | [
"Wood\n\nIf there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earl... |
56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee8 | Is earlywood usually lighter or darker than the part of the growth ring that forms later in the season? | lighter | [
"Wood\n\nIf there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earl... |
56f9ecbff34c681400b0bee9 | Is summerwood the inner or outer portion of a growth ring? | outer | [
"Wood\n\nIf there are differences within a growth ring, then the part of a growth ring nearest the center of the tree, and formed early in the growing season when growth is rapid, is usually composed of wider elements. It is usually lighter in color than that near the outer portion of the ring, and is known as earl... |
56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef7 | What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called? | knot | [
"Wood\n\nA knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear... |
56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef8 | What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it? | strength | [
"Wood\n\nA knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear... |
56f9ee81f34c681400b0bef9 | In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around? | longitudinally | [
"Wood\n\nA knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear... |
56f9ee81f34c681400b0befa | Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood? | darker | [
"Wood\n\nA knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear... |
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