Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
572a211b3f37b3190047871a	What holds an object standing on earth against the geodesic?	the surface of the planet	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a ...
572a211b3f37b3190047871b	Why will water become concave, according to the relativity theory?	it is rotating with respect to the geodesic.	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a ...
572a21741d046914007797c3	How does Einstein advocate Mach's principle?	partially	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nEinstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its othe...
572a21741d046914007797c4	How Einstein's theory compared to Leibniz's?	contrary	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nEinstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its othe...
572a21741d046914007797c5	What is considered contrary to idealist beliefs in regards to space?	objects exist independently of the mind	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nEinstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its othe...
572a224aaf94a219006aa82d	Coordinative definition has how many major features?	two	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nCoordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the ...
572a224aaf94a219006aa82e	The first feature of Coordinative definition involves what?	coordinating units of length with certain physical objects	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nCoordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the ...
572a224aaf94a219006aa82f	What is the first feature motivated by?	we can never directly apprehend length	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nCoordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the ...
572a224aaf94a219006aa830	The second feature of Coordinative definition involves what?	separated objects	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nCoordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the ...
572a224aaf94a219006aa831	Sameness of length must be set how?	by definition	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nCoordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the ...
572a26821d046914007797db	The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?	all differentiable transformations	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of...
572a26821d046914007797dc	What else besides invariance, or symmetry and group part ways in relativistic physics?	the covariance group	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of...
572a26821d046914007797dd	Which theory does the relativity depart from?	classical mechanics	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of...
572a26821d046914007797de	What are not pair with transformations in the theory of relativity?	single formulation	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of...
572a26821d046914007797df	The covariance group of the general theory of relativity is the covariance group of how many theories?	every	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nIn the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of...
572a2b821d04691400779801	How many contradictory facts does the problem of the direction of time arise from?	two	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it wo...
572a2b821d04691400779802	What kind of physical laws are time-reversal invariant?	fundamental	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it wo...
572a2b821d04691400779803	If if a cinematographic film were taken by means of physical laws and then played backwards, it would still portray what?	physically possible process	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it wo...
572a2b821d04691400779804	How is our experience of time at the macro level?	not time-reversal invariant	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it wo...
572a2b821d04691400779805	What do we not have memories of?	the future	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it wo...
572a34106aef05140015536a	How are things in statistical mechanics?	complicated	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nBut in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. ...
572a34106aef05140015536b	What are superior to classical thermodynamics?	statistical mechanics	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nBut in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. ...
572a34106aef05140015536c	In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what?	a statistical postulate	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nBut in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. ...
572a34106aef05140015536d	Is statistical mechanics asymmetric or symmetric in regards to time-reversal?	symmetric	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nBut in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. ...
572a34106aef05140015536e	What kind of law is the second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics?	not an absolute law	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nBut in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. ...
572a34b91d0469140077984f	What does the third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time argue?	the laws are not time-reversal symmetric	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nA third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind t...
572a34b91d04691400779850	What is are kind of nuclear force is not time-reversibile?	weak nuclear force	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nA third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind t...
572a34b91d04691400779851	Time asymmetric phenomena in quantum mechanics are to few to account what kind of time-asymmetry?	macroscopic	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nA third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind t...
572a36f06aef05140015538a	Who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution?	Tim Maudlin	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nOne recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: \"[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It i...
572a36f06aef05140015538b	Maudlin argues that the passage of time is what kind of asymmetry?	intrinsic	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nOne recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: \"[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It i...
572a36f06aef05140015538c	What grounds the distinction between sequences?	asymmetry	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nOne recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: \"[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It i...
572a36f06aef05140015538d	Whose suggestion is difficult to assess in regards to the direction of time?	Maudlin	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nOne recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: \"[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It i...
572a3a0b6aef0514001553a2	Who started the discussion within analytic philosophy on the problem of the flow of time?	J. M. E. McTaggart	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming,...
572a3a0b6aef0514001553a3	How many "temporal series" did McTaggart propose?	two	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming,...
572a3a0b6aef0514001553a4	What was McTaggart's first series called?	the A-series	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming,...
572a3a0b6aef0514001553a5	The A-Series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future and in comparison to what else?	each other	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming,...
572a3a0b6aef0514001553a6	What is McTaggart's second series called?	The B-series	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two \"temporal series\". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming,...
572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f3	According to what theory is time an ordering of various realities?	Presentism	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nAccording to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other ha...
572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f4	Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what?	exist	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nAccording to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other ha...
572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f5	Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions	Eternalist	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nAccording to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other ha...
572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f6	According to an Eternalist, what can be said to be just as real as things in the present?	all things—past, present, and future	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nAccording to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other ha...
572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f7	According to the Eternalist theory, what must we use to describe Homer?	special language	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nAccording to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other ha...
572a3caeaf94a219006aa8fd	How similar are the positions on the persistence of objects?	somewhat similar	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though...
572a3caeaf94a219006aa8fe	Who holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times?	endurantist	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though...
572a3caeaf94a219006aa8ff	Who holds for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality?	perdurantist	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though...
572a3caeaf94a219006aa900	Which view is seen as conventional?	Endurantism	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though...
572a3caeaf94a219006aa901	Who is an example of a perdurantist?	David Lewis	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nThe positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though...
572a3d3a1d04691400779875	How can asymmetry of causation be observed?	in a non-arbitrary way	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nHowever, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments...
572a3d3a1d04691400779876	How many features of asymmetry in the cup example can be viewed?	two	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nHowever, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments...
572a3d3a1d04691400779877	Asymmetry is attributable to a relation of what kind of direction?	temporal	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nHowever, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments...
572a3d3a1d04691400779878	What else, besides direction, is asymmetry attributable to?	implications of form and functional capacity	[ "Philosophy_of_space_and_time\n\nHowever, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments...
572a18f23f37b319004786d3	What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age?	the Neolithic	[ "Neolithic\n\nTraditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the \"Neolithic Revolution\". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in som...
572a18f23f37b319004786d4	What era preceded the Neolithic?	Holocene Epipaleolithic period	[ "Neolithic\n\nTraditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the \"Neolithic Revolution\". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in som...
572a18f23f37b319004786d5	What event is associated with the start of farming?	Neolithic Revolution	[ "Neolithic\n\nTraditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the \"Neolithic Revolution\". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in som...
572a18f23f37b319004786d6	What era saw an increase in metal tool use?	Copper Age	[ "Neolithic\n\nTraditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the \"Neolithic Revolution\". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in som...
572a19a46aef051400155272	What time period marks the start of Neolithic culture?	10,200 – 8,800 BC	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming. The Natu...
572a19a46aef051400155273	Where did the Neolithic culture begin?	Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank)	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming. The Natu...
572a19a46aef051400155274	What food item was the key to the evolution of farming?	wild cereals	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming. The Natu...
572a19a46aef051400155275	What era lasted between 12,000 and 10,200 BC?	The Natufian period	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming. The Natu...
572a1a9aaf94a219006aa7e9	What objects were not used by early farm societies in the Near East ?	pottery	[ "Neolithic\n\nNot all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own r...
572a1a9aaf94a219006aa7ea	What did the use of pottery help early Japanese societies develop?	agriculture	[ "Neolithic\n\nNot all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own r...
572a1a9aaf94a219006aa7eb	What trend led to parts of the world developing their own local Neolithic cultures?	independent domestication events	[ "Neolithic\n\nNot all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own r...
572a1b2caf94a219006aa7ef	When did the The Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period start?	roughly 10,000 years ago	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began roughly 10,000 years ago in the Levant. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing i...
572a1b2caf94a219006aa7f0	Where is the Göbekli Tepe temple located?	Turkey	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began roughly 10,000 years ago in the Levant. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing i...
572a1b2caf94a219006aa7f1	Who built the Göbekli Tepe temple?	nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began roughly 10,000 years ago in the Levant. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing i...
572a1b2caf94a219006aa7f2	What is the name of earliest man made place of worship?	Göbekli Tepe	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 1 (PPNA) period began roughly 10,000 years ago in the Levant. A temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated around 9,500 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the period. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack of permanent housing i...
572a1bc11d0469140077979d	When did the The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era start?	around 8,800 BCE	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the m...
572a1bc11d0469140077979e	What era followed the The Neolithic 2 (PPNB) era?	the Mesolithic era	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the m...
572a1bc11d0469140077979f	How many settlers were found in Jordan?	3,000 inhabitants	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the m...
572a1bc11d046914007797a0	What is the name of one of the biggest prehistoric settlements in the Near East?	Ain Ghazal	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe Neolithic 2 (PPNB) began around 8,800 BCE according to the ASPRO chronology in the Levant (Jericho, Israel). As with the PPNA dates, there are two versions from the same laboratories noted above. This system of terminology, however, is not convenient for southeast Anatolia and settlements of the m...
572a1e346aef0514001552b6	When did the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) phase start?	Around 10,200 BC	[ "Neolithic\n\nAround 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650...
572a1e346aef0514001552b7	When was a settlement developed in Tell Qaramel?	Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC	[ "Neolithic\n\nAround 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650...
572a1e346aef0514001552b8	How many temples were built in Tell Qaramel?	2	[ "Neolithic\n\nAround 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650...
572a1e346aef0514001552b9	What was the name of the town that first appeared during the PPNA?	Jericho	[ "Neolithic\n\nAround 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650...
572a1e346aef0514001552ba	What materials were used to build the wall around Jericho?	stone and marble	[ "Neolithic\n\nAround 10,200 BC the first fully developed Neolithic cultures belonging to the phase Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) appeared in the fertile crescent. Around 10,700 to 9,400 BC a settlement was established in Tell Qaramel, 10 miles north of Aleppo. The settlement included 2 temples dating back to 9,650...
572a1ef73f37b319004786ff	What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into ten periods?	Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced t...
572a1ef73f37b31900478700	What traits did researchers use to divide the ten periods?	social, economic and cultural characteristics	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced t...
572a1ef73f37b31900478701	When was the original division of 10 advanced to a division of 5?	2002	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced t...
572a1ef73f37b31900478702	What are the names of two researchers who divided neolithic chronology into five periods?	Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 1981 a team of researchers from the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, including Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche divided Near East neolithic chronology into ten periods (0 to 9) based on social, economic and cultural characteristics. In 2002 Danielle Stordeur and Frédéric Abbès advanced t...
572a20041d046914007797b5	When did the domestication of sheep first appear in Egypt?	6,000 BC	[ "Neolithic\n\nDomestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states \"The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further sou...
572a20041d046914007797b6	How did Egyptians gather food before raising livestock?	fishing, hunting, and the gathering of wild plants	[ "Neolithic\n\nDomestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states \"The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further sou...
572a20041d046914007797b7	What region do some scholars see as the source for Egypt's start in agriculture?	the Middle East	[ "Neolithic\n\nDomestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states \"The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further sou...
572a213aaf94a219006aa819	When did agrarian societies start to arise in Southeast Europe?	7th millennium BC	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europ...
572a213aaf94a219006aa81a	Where was one of earliest farming sites in Europe found?	Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europ...
572a213aaf94a219006aa81b	What type of sculptures were found in the Balkans from 6000 BC?	Anthropomorphic figurines	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europ...
572a213aaf94a219006aa81c	What trend led to Neolithic traditions spreading to northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC?	cultural diffusion and migration of peoples	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europ...
572a213aaf94a219006aa81d	Who possibly created the earliest system of writing?	The Vinča culture	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europ...
572a22271d046914007797c9	When was the earliest known Asian farm site found in South Korea?	2012	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. \"No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the insti...
572a22271d046914007797ca	What time period was the Korean farm site dated?	between 3600 and 3000 B.C.	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. \"No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the insti...
572a22271d046914007797cb	What items were found on the Korean farm site?	Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. \"No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the insti...
572a22271d046914007797cc	What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site?	accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. \"No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the insti...
572a23643f37b31900478727	What major trends appeared in Mesoamerica during 4500 BC?	crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage inste...
572a23643f37b31900478728	What term is used to describe the mid-late Neolithic era in American education?	Formative stage	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage inste...
572a23643f37b31900478729	What term is used to describe the Early Neolithic era in American education?	Archaic Era	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage inste...
572a23643f37b3190047872a	What hunting weapon was found in the Southwestern US during 500 to 1200 C.E.?	bow and arrow	[ "Neolithic\n\nIn Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage inste...
572a24993f37b31900478739	What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Eurasia?	small tribes	[ "Neolithic\n\nDuring most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late E...
572a24993f37b3190047873a	What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age?	social stratification	[ "Neolithic\n\nDuring most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late E...
572a24993f37b3190047873b	What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies?	Paleolithic cultures	[ "Neolithic\n\nDuring most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late E...
572a257e6aef051400155302	What caused a major increase in social inequality?	domestication of large animals	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic ...
572a257e6aef051400155303	What started competition between families for wealth?	Possession of livestock	[ "Neolithic\n\nThe domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic ...

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