id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572a257e6aef051400155304 | Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more livestock? | Neolithic pastoralists | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic ... |
572a257e6aef051400155305 | What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of capital? | Catal Huyuk | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic ... |
572a270a1d046914007797e5 | What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life? | the household | [
"Neolithic\n\nFamilies and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures (\"Linearbandkeramik\") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between... |
572a270a1d046914007797e6 | What time period were the huge circular ditches found in? | 4800 BC and 4600 BC | [
"Neolithic\n\nFamilies and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures (\"Linearbandkeramik\") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between... |
572a270a1d046914007797e7 | What did the ditches later evolve into? | causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge | [
"Neolithic\n\nFamilies and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures (\"Linearbandkeramik\") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between... |
572a270a1d046914007797e8 | What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command? | required considerable time and labour to construct | [
"Neolithic\n\nFamilies and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures (\"Linearbandkeramik\") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between... |
572a2a391d046914007797f3 | Where was evidence of fortified settlements found? | Linearbandkeramik | [
"Neolithic\n\nThere is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death ... |
572a2a391d046914007797f4 | What did some villages fortify their settlements with? | a palisade and an outer ditch | [
"Neolithic\n\nThere is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death ... |
572a2a391d046914007797f5 | What tools were seen as evidence of violence among settlements? | weapon-traumatized bones | [
"Neolithic\n\nThere is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death ... |
572a2a391d046914007797f6 | What site in Talheim suggests violent warfare in the Neolithic era? | the Talheim Death Pit | [
"Neolithic\n\nThere is a large body of evidence for fortified settlements at Linearbandkeramik sites along the Rhine, as at least some villages were fortified for some time with a palisade and an outer ditch. Settlements with palisades and weapon-traumatized bones have been discovered, such as at the Talheim Death ... |
572a2e201d04691400779821 | What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | Control of labour | [
"Neolithic\n\nControl of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evi... |
572a2e201d04691400779822 | What theory describes the implied egalitarianism of Neolithic societies? | Marxist concept of primitive communism | [
"Neolithic\n\nControl of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evi... |
572a2e201d04691400779823 | What type of disagreement existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | inter-group conflict | [
"Neolithic\n\nControl of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evi... |
572a30906aef05140015534a | What lifestyle element changed significantly from the paleolithic to the neolithic era? | shelter | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent hous... |
572a30906aef05140015534b | What era consisted of people living temporary homes? | paleolithic | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent hous... |
572a30906aef05140015534c | What type of homes were built in the Neolithic era? | mud brick houses | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent hous... |
572a30906aef05140015534d | What societal trend was the cause of permanent homes? | The growth of agriculture | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent hous... |
572a30906aef05140015534e | Where were entrances located in early homes? | Doorways were made on the roof | [
"Neolithic\n\nThe shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent hous... |
572a31e61d04691400779835 | What trend led to a major shift in the livelihoods of early cultures? | crop farming and cultivation | [
"Neolithic\n\nA significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, an... |
572a31e61d04691400779836 | What behavior did humans rely on to survive before agriculture? | nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique | [
"Neolithic\n\nA significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, an... |
572a31e61d04691400779837 | What era saw an increase in permanently settled farming towns? | the Bronze Age | [
"Neolithic\n\nA significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, an... |
572a329aaf94a219006aa885 | What were the causes of famine in early farm towns? | drought or pests | [
"Neolithic\n\nHowever, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that oth... |
572a329aaf94a219006aa886 | What type of societies were not affected by famine? | hunter-gatherer communities | [
"Neolithic\n\nHowever, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that oth... |
572a329aaf94a219006aa887 | What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine? | agrarian communities | [
"Neolithic\n\nHowever, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that oth... |
572a3398af94a219006aa88b | What food related trend was significant in the new agrarian societies? | diet | [
"Neolithic\n\nAnother significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultiv... |
572a3398af94a219006aa88c | What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets? | local plant and animal resources | [
"Neolithic\n\nAnother significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultiv... |
572a3398af94a219006aa88d | What was included in the Post-agrarian diet? | cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products. | [
"Neolithic\n\nAnother significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultiv... |
572a3398af94a219006aa88e | What forced the need to supplement food supply with hunting and gathering? | the increase in population | [
"Neolithic\n\nAnother significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultiv... |
572a34b83f37b319004787a7 | What type of occupation were Neolithic people considered to be proficient at? | farmers | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone t... |
572a34b83f37b319004787a8 | What purposes were the production of farm tools used for? | tending, harvesting and processing of crops | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone t... |
572a34b83f37b319004787a9 | What types of tools did early farmers use for crops? | sickle blades and grinding stones | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone t... |
572a34b83f37b319004787aa | What types of tools did early farmers use for food production? | pottery, bone implements) | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone t... |
572a34b83f37b319004787ab | What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land? | stone axe | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone t... |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b3 | What did Neolithic people use mud-brick to build? | houses and villages | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built fro... |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b4 | What scenes did the paintings on homes depict? | humans and animals | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built fro... |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b5 | What were European homes constructed from? | wattle and daub | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built fro... |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b6 | What types of sites were built for the deceased? | Elaborate tombs | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built fro... |
572a3764af94a219006aa8b7 | Where do thousands of early tombs still exist? | Ireland | [
"Neolithic\n\nNeolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built fro... |
572a3bef3f37b319004787f9 | What did early humans use to make clothing? | animal skins | [
"Neolithic\n\nMost clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on siz... |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fa | What evidence suggested that humans used animal products for clothing? | finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins | [
"Neolithic\n\nMost clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on siz... |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fb | What were perforated stones used for? | spindle whorls or loom weights | [
"Neolithic\n\nMost clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on siz... |
572a3bef3f37b319004787fc | What famous figure of the Copper Age wore clothes similar to the Neolithic Era? | Ötzi the Iceman | [
"Neolithic\n\nMost clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on siz... |
572a381d3f37b319004787cd | In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born? | Austria-Hungary | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek ... |
572a381d3f37b319004787ce | Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what? | F. A. Hayek | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek ... |
572a381d3f37b319004787cf | What award did Hayek receive in 1974? | Nobel Memorial Prize | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek ... |
572a381d3f37b319004787d0 | With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award? | Gunnar Myrdal | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek ... |
572a381d3f37b319004787d1 | Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as? | philosopher | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek ... |
572a38cb1d04691400779863 | Hayek became a member of which group in 1984? | Order of the Companions of Honour | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presi... |
572a38cb1d04691400779864 | For what reason was Hayek inducted into the order? | services to the study of economics | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presi... |
572a38cb1d04691400779865 | What award was Hayek the first to receive? | Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presi... |
572a38cb1d04691400779866 | Who awarded Hayek the Medal of Freedom? | President George H. W. Bush | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presi... |
572a38cb1d04691400779867 | Which of Hayek's articles received recognition in 2011? | The Use of Knowledge in Society | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presi... |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8d9 | Who was Hayek's father? | August von Hayek | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in ... |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8da | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | medical doctor | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in ... |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8db | What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about? | botany | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in ... |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8dc | From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? | her mother | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in ... |
572a3a29af94a219006aa8dd | How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have? | three | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in ... |
572a3b486aef0514001553b6 | Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older? | His father's | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of ... |
572a3b486aef0514001553b7 | Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers? | Franz von Juraschek | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of ... |
572a3b486aef0514001553b8 | What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have? | scholars | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of ... |
572a3b486aef0514001553b9 | Who was August von Hayek's father? | Gustav Edler von Hayek | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of ... |
572a3b486aef0514001553ba | What did August von Hayek's father write? | systematic works in biology | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of ... |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c6 | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | Hayek | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when... |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c7 | How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet? | on only a few occasions | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when... |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c8 | Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? | Ludwig Wittgenstein | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when... |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553c9 | What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war? | both were officers | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when... |
572a3c9b6aef0514001553ca | What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921? | Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when... |
572a3e323f37b31900478811 | What did Hayek conclude regarding his brothers? | they were somehow of a different generation | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school H... |
572a3e323f37b31900478812 | With whom did Hayek more frequently converse? | adults | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school H... |
572a3e323f37b31900478813 | Prior to his schooling, what was the state of Hayek's reading skills? | read fluently and frequently | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school H... |
572a3e323f37b31900478814 | Who told Hayek he should begin reading Hugo de Vries works? | his father | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school H... |
572a3e323f37b31900478815 | Which philosopher did Hayek learn about in a school lecture? | Aristotle | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age. He read fluently and frequently before going to school. At his father's suggestion, Hayek, as a teenager, read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. In school H... |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90d | Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates? | University of Vienna | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy... |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90e | Where did Hayek learn about the brain? | Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy... |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa90f | What was the name of Hayek's first work? | The Sensory Order | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy... |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa910 | Where did first show his work? | the Geistkreis | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy... |
572a3fa3af94a219006aa911 | With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis? | Herbert Furth | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy... |
572a412f1d04691400779899 | What work did Hayek begin in 1923? | research assistant | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the ... |
572a412f1d0469140077989a | Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek? | University of Vienna | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the ... |
572a412f1d0469140077989b | For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises? | the Austrian government | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the ... |
572a412f1d0469140077989c | What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant? | macroeconomic data | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the ... |
572a412f1d0469140077989d | What was the name of the professor Hayek worked for as a research assistant? | Jeremiah Jenks | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the ... |
572a427e3f37b3190047883b | What ideology was Hayek originally in support of? | democratic socialism | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nInitially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars... |
572a427e3f37b3190047883c | What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology? | reading von Mises' book Socialism | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nInitially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars... |
572a427e3f37b3190047883d | During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with? | Eric Voegelin | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nInitially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars... |
572a427e3f37b3190047883e | What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? | classical liberalism | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nInitially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars... |
572a427e3f37b3190047883f | Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support? | Carl Menger | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nInitially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars... |
572a43b63f37b31900478845 | What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute? | director | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nWith the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognis... |
572a43b63f37b31900478846 | Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE? | Lionel Robbins | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nWith the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognis... |
572a43b63f37b31900478847 | What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London? | one of the leading economic theorists in the world | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nWith the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognis... |
572a43b63f37b31900478848 | What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire? | modern microeconomics | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nWith the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognis... |
572a43b63f37b31900478849 | In what year did Hayek come to London? | 1931 | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nWith the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognis... |
572a49233f37b3190047885f | What did Hayek write regarding fascism and socialism? | The Road to Serfdom | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's wri... |
572a49233f37b31900478860 | Whose works served as inspiration for the title of Road to Serfdom? | Alexis de Tocqueville | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's wri... |
572a49233f37b31900478861 | When was the Road to Serfdom published? | March 1944 | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's wri... |
572a49233f37b31900478862 | Where was Road to Serfdom more popular than it was in Britain? | United States | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's wri... |
572a49233f37b31900478863 | Who is responsible for Road to Serfdom being shortened for Reader's Digest in 1945? | Max Eastman | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nHayek was concerned about the general view in Britain's academia that fascism was a capitalist reaction to socialism and The Road to Serfdom arose from those concerns. It was written between 1940 and 1943. The title was inspired by the French classical liberal thinker Alexis de Tocqueville's wri... |
572a4d0f1d046914007798e7 | Upon leaving London, for what college did he choose to work? | University of Chicago | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1950, Hayek left the London School of Economics for the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in the Committee on Social Thought. Hayek's salary was funded not by the university, but by an outside foundation. University of Chicago President Robert Hutchins was in the midst of a w... |
572a4d0f1d046914007798e8 | Who supplied Hayek's salary? | an outside foundation | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1950, Hayek left the London School of Economics for the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in the Committee on Social Thought. Hayek's salary was funded not by the university, but by an outside foundation. University of Chicago President Robert Hutchins was in the midst of a w... |
572a4d0f1d046914007798e9 | What was the cause for the feud between Robert Hutchins and faculty? | departmental autonomy and control | [
"Friedrich_Hayek\n\nIn 1950, Hayek left the London School of Economics for the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in the Committee on Social Thought. Hayek's salary was funded not by the university, but by an outside foundation. University of Chicago President Robert Hutchins was in the midst of a w... |
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