Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
573146e605b4da19006bcfab	Where did the emperor go?	Rehe	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nRatification of the treaty the following year led to resumption of hostilities and in 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in ...
573146e605b4da19006bcfac	What happened to the Old Summer Palace?	burnt it to the ground	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nRatification of the treaty the following year led to resumption of hostilities and in 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in ...
573146e605b4da19006bcfad	What did Prince Gong sign?	Convention of Beijing	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nRatification of the treaty the following year led to resumption of hostilities and in 1860, with Anglo-French forces marching on Beijing, the emperor and his court fled the capital for the imperial hunting lodge at Rehe. Once in Beijing, the Anglo-French forces looted the Old Summer Palace, and in ...
5731486605b4da19006bcfbc	Who put down the rebellions?	Zuo Zongtang	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nChinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western m...
5731486605b4da19006bcfbd	How old was Tongzhi when he came to power?	five	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nChinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western m...
5731486605b4da19006bcfbe	What year did Tongzhi take power?	1861	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nChinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western m...
5731486605b4da19006bcfbf	What would the Chinese use to continue Confucian values?	western military technology	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nChinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western m...
5731486605b4da19006bcfc0	What was the name of a modern Chinese Army?	Beiyang Army	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nChinese generals and officials such as Zuo Zongtang led the suppression of rebellions and stood behind the Manchus. When the Tongzhi Emperor came to the throne at the age of five in 1861, these officials rallied around him in what was called the Tongzhi Restoration. Their aim was to adopt western m...
57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe0d	Who did the Chinese lose territory to in exchange for help?	Russian	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tie...
57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe0e	When was the Tientsin Massacre?	1870	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tie...
57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe0f	What triggered the Tientsin Massacre?	murder of French nuns	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tie...
57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe10	When was the Cochinchina Campaign?	1858	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tie...
57314900a5e9cc1400cdbe11	Which territory did France control?	Indochina	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe dynasty lost control of peripheral territories bit by bit. In return for promises of support against the British and the French, the Russian Empire took large chunks of territory in the Northeast in 1860. The period of cooperation between the reformers and the European powers ended with the Tie...
573149cf05b4da19006bcfc6	What was the main problem the Qing had in preventing invasion from Europe?	naval weakness	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nHistorians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that \"China’s nineteenth-century humi...
573149cf05b4da19006bcfc7	Which historian blamed naval weakness for European imperialism in China?	Edward L. Dreyer	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nHistorians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that \"China’s nineteenth-century humi...
573149cf05b4da19006bcfc8	When was the Arrow War?	(1856–60)	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nHistorians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that \"China’s nineteenth-century humi...
573149cf05b4da19006bcfc9	Where did the French and English land in 1860?	Gulf of Zhili	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nHistorians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that \"China’s nineteenth-century humi...
57314aae05b4da19006bcfd8	What coup happened in 1884?	Gapsin Coup	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First S...
57314aae05b4da19006bcfd9	Who was involved in the Gapsin Coup?	pro-Japanese Koreans	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First S...
57314aae05b4da19006bcfda	What resulted between the Chinese and Japanese after the Coup?	Tensions	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First S...
57314aae05b4da19006bcfdb	Who signed the Convention of Tientsin?	Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First S...
57314aae05b4da19006bcfdc	When did the First Sino-Japanese War happen?	1895	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First S...
57314b4205b4da19006bcfec	What was the name of Xianfeng's concubine?	Cixi	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThese years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended t...
57314b4205b4da19006bcfed	Who was Cixi's son?	Tongzhi	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThese years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended t...
57314b4205b4da19006bcfee	When did Tongzhi Emperor die?	1875	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThese years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended t...
57314b4205b4da19006bcfef	Who took over from Tongzhi?	Guangxu	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThese years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended t...
57314c0e05b4da19006bcff4	Where did the Empress Dowager spend most of her time?	Summer Palace	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace. On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incide...
57314c0e05b4da19006bcff5	When were two missionaries killed?	November 1, 1897,	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace. On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incide...
57314c0e05b4da19006bcff6	Where were the missionaries killed?	Shandong Province	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace. On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incide...
57314c0e05b4da19006bcff7	What was the murders of the missionaries called?	Juye Incident	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom 1889, when Guangxu began to rule in his own right, to 1898, the Empress Dowager lived in semi-retirement, spending the majority of the year at the Summer Palace. On November 1, 1897, two German Roman Catholic missionaries were murdered in the southern part of Shandong Province (the Juye Incide...
57314cf3497a881900248d83	Name an advisor to Guangxu?	Kang Youwei	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school ...
57314cf3497a881900248d84	What did the emperor do in response to so many defeats by the Europeans?	Hundred Days' Reform of 1898	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school ...
57314cf3497a881900248d85	Who took over the policy of China?	empress dowager	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school ...
57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe3f	Where was there a drought?	North China	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWidespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing...
57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe40	What was another name for the Boxers?	Righteous and Harmonious Fists	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWidespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing...
57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe41	When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?	1900	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWidespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing...
57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe42	Who invaded China?	A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWidespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing...
57314deaa5e9cc1400cdbe43	Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?	Xi'an	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWidespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or \"Boxers.\" In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing...
57314e6ce6313a140071cdf4	What did Cixi do in 1901?	issued an imperial edict	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's \"New Pol...
57314e6ce6313a140071cdf5	What were the governments New Policies also called?	"Late Qing Reform"	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's \"New Pol...
57314e6ce6313a140071cdf6	When were imperial examinations halted?	1905	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's \"New Pol...
57314f09497a881900248d9b	What year did Guangxu die?	1908	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son ...
57314f09497a881900248d9c	What year did Cixi die?	1908	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son ...
57314f09497a881900248d9d	Who ruled after Guangxu?	Prince Chun	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son ...
57314f09497a881900248d9e	How old was Prince Chun?	two	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son ...
57314f09497a881900248d9f	What year was the Republic of China created?	1911	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Guangxu Emperor died on November 14, 1908, and on November 15, 1908, Cixi also died. Rumors held that she or Yuan Shikai ordered trusted eunuchs to poison the Guangxu Emperor, and an autopsy conducted nearly a century later confirmed lethal levels of arsenic in his corpse. Puyi, the oldest son ...
57314fae05b4da19006bd030	Who led the Qing?	Yuan Shikai	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republi...
57314fae05b4da19006bd031	Who negotiated with Yuan Shikai to prevent war?	Sun Yat-sen	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republi...
57314fae05b4da19006bd032	Who led the Republic of China?	Sun Yat-sen,	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republi...
57314fae05b4da19006bd033	Who became the President?	Yuan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republi...
57315058497a881900248dbf	What year did the end of Imperial China occur?	1912	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nOn 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and ec...
57315058497a881900248dc0	How long did Imperial China last for?	2,000 years	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nOn 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and ec...
57315058497a881900248dc1	When was Manchukuo created?	1932	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nOn 12 February 1912, after rounds of negotiations, Longyu issued an imperial edict bringing about the abdication of the child emperor Puyi. This brought an end to over 2,000 years of Imperial China and began an extended period of instability of warlord factionalism. The unorganized political and ec...
5731511a05b4da19006bd038	Who split the leadership roles in the Qing dynasty?	Han Chinese and Manchus	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until th...
5731511a05b4da19006bd039	Where did the Qing find their officials?	imperial examination system	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until th...
5731511a05b4da19006bd03a	How many ranks were there in civil service in the Qing dynasty?	nine	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between Han Chinese and Manchus, with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties, the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system, until th...
573151a9e6313a140071ce1a	Who was the main leader of the Qing?	Emperor	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e] In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments w...
573151a9e6313a140071ce1b	Which ethnicities made up the Qing government?	Manchu noblemen and Han officials	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e] In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments w...
573151a9e6313a140071ce1c	What happened to the Grand Secretariat?	evolved into an imperial chancery	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe formal structure of the Qing government centered on the Emperor as the absolute ruler, who presided over six Boards (Ministries[c]), each headed by two presidents[d] and assisted by four vice presidents.[e] In contrast to the Ming system, however, Qing ethnic policy dictated that appointments w...
57315370497a881900248ddb	Who controlled the "Inner Court"?	imperial family and Manchu nobility	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn order not to let the routine administration take over the running of the empire, the Qing emperors made sure that all important matters were decided in the \"Inner Court,\" which was dominated by the imperial family and Manchu nobility and which was located in the northern part of the Forbidden ...
57315370497a881900248ddc	Where was the Inner Court?	Forbidden City	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn order not to let the routine administration take over the running of the empire, the Qing emperors made sure that all important matters were decided in the \"Inner Court,\" which was dominated by the imperial family and Manchu nobility and which was located in the northern part of the Forbidden ...
57315370497a881900248ddd	What was the Grand Council?	core institution of the inner court	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn order not to let the routine administration take over the running of the empire, the Qing emperors made sure that all important matters were decided in the \"Inner Court,\" which was dominated by the imperial family and Manchu nobility and which was located in the northern part of the Forbidden ...
5731541a497a881900248de1	What shape of emblem signified a Han official?	square emblem	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qi...
5731541a497a881900248de2	What shape of emblam signified members of the royal family?	circular	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qi...
5731541a497a881900248de3	Which two ethnicities made up each position in government?	Manchu and a Han Chinese	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFrom the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qi...
573154bfa5e9cc1400cdbe95	Who governed the areas of Tibet and Mongolia?	Lifan Yuan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around ...
573154bfa5e9cc1400cdbe96	Who administered the minority groups?	Lifan Yuan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around ...
573154bfa5e9cc1400cdbe97	How many boards were there in the Qing government?	six	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nIn addition to the six boards, there was a Lifan Yuan unique to the Qing government. This institution was established to supervise the administration of Tibet and the Mongol lands. As the empire expanded, it took over administrative responsibility of all minority ethnic groups living in and around ...
57315596497a881900248e01	What was the foreign service called?	Zongli Yamen	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEven though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office, they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service. It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pres...
57315596497a881900248e02	Who performed the tasks of the Zongli Yamen before it was created?	Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEven though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office, they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service. It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pres...
57315596497a881900248e03	What was the war called fought between the British and French against the Qing?	Second Opium War	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEven though the Board of Rites and Lifan Yuan performed some duties of a foreign office, they fell short of developing into a professional foreign service. It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pres...
5731564105b4da19006bd05a	Which emperor followed Shunzhi?	Kangxi	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThere was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty. It was established before the fall of the Ming, but it became mature only after 1661, following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son, the Kangxi Emperor....
5731564105b4da19006bd05b	Where were textile factories located?	Jiangnan region	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThere was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty. It was established before the fall of the Ming, but it became mature only after 1661, following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son, the Kangxi Emperor....
5731564105b4da19006bd05c	What did China trade with Tibet and Mongolia?	jade, ginseng, salt, furs	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThere was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty. It was established before the fall of the Ming, but it became mature only after 1661, following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son, the Kangxi Emperor....
5731579e497a881900248e2f	What century did Qing China stretch to its largest?	18th century	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nQing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of...
5731579e497a881900248e30	How many kilometers was Qing China at its height?	13 million km2	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nQing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of...
5731579e497a881900248e31	How many provinces were there at the height of Qing China?	22	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nQing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of...
5731579e497a881900248e32	When did Japan take over Taiwan?	1895	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nQing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of...
5731579e497a881900248e33	How did the Japanese win Taiwan?	First Sino-Japanese	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nQing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of...
5731585ea5e9cc1400cdbec9	What two provinces were formed from Huguang?	Hubei and Hunan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, ...
5731585ea5e9cc1400cdbeca	What was the name of the highest ranking official in a province?	governor	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, ...
5731585ea5e9cc1400cdbecb	What were provinces broken up into?	prefectures	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, ...
5731585ea5e9cc1400cdbecc	What is another name for the main 18 provinces?	China proper	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, ...
5731585ea5e9cc1400cdbecd	How many viceroys were there in China Proper?	eight	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing organization of provinces was based on the fifteen administrative units set up by the Ming dynasty, later made into eighteen provinces by splitting for example, Huguang into Hubei and Hunan provinces. The provincial bureaucracy continued the Yuan and Ming practice of three parallel lines, ...
57315939a5e9cc1400cdbed3	When did Tibet become part of Qing China?	mid-18th century	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central gove...
57315939a5e9cc1400cdbed4	What was the main government entity that ran the territories like Tibet?	Lifan Yuan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central gove...
57315939a5e9cc1400cdbed5	What is another name for Chinese Turkestan?	Xinjiang	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central gove...
57315939a5e9cc1400cdbed6	Which emperor allowed Han migration to Dzungaria?	Qianlong	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central gove...
57315939a5e9cc1400cdbed7	Who first ran Manchuria?	military generals	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central gove...
57315a55e6313a140071ce7a	What title did the emperor hold in Mongolia?	khan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of th...
57315a55e6313a140071ce7b	Who ruled Kashgaria?	Yaqub Beg	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of th...
57315a55e6313a140071ce7c	Who supported Beg?	British	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of th...
57315a55e6313a140071ce7d	When did the British invade Tibet?	early 20th century	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of th...
57315a55e6313a140071ce7e	What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet?	1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nWith respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of th...
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbeed	Who created the Eight Banners?	Nurhaci	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the \"Upper Three Banners\" and were ...
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbeee	How were the 8 banners recognized?	color	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the \"Upper Three Banners\" and were ...
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbeef	What were the banners called that were under direct leadership of the emperor?	Upper Three Banners	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the \"Upper Three Banners\" and were ...
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbef0	What ethnicity made up the Upper Three Banners?	Manchus	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the \"Upper Three Banners\" and were ...
57315af1a5e9cc1400cdbef1	What were the rest of the banners called?	Lower Five Banners	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe early Qing military was rooted in the Eight Banners first developed by Nurhaci to organize Jurchen society beyond petty clan affiliations. There were eight banners in all, differentiated by color. The yellow, bordered yellow, and white banners were known as the \"Upper Three Banners\" and were ...
57315c28497a881900248e75	How were Banner's organized?	along ethnic lines	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBanner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight ...

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