Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
57315c28497a881900248e76	Which two ethnicities made up the majority of the Banner Armies?	Manchu and Mongol	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBanner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight ...
57315c28497a881900248e77	Which ethnicity dominated the army in the reigns of Shunzhi and Kangxi?	Han Bannermen	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBanner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight ...
57315c28497a881900248e78	What did the Europeans call Han Bannermen?	"Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese"	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBanner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight ...
57315c28497a881900248e79	When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners?	Qianlong's reign	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBanner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight ...
57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e0	What caused the Qing armies to lose many battles?	Taiping Rebellion	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEarly during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperati...
57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e1	What city did the Qing lose in 1853?	Nanjing	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEarly during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperati...
57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e2	Who created a new type of army to thwart the Taiping rebels?	Zeng Guofan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEarly during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperati...
57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e3	What was Zeng Guofan?	Xiang Army	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEarly during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperati...
57315d3b05b4da19006bd0e4	What was the Xiang Army named after?	Hunan region where it was raised	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nEarly during the Taiping Rebellion, Qing forces suffered a series of disastrous defeats culminating in the loss of the regional capital city of Nanjing in 1853. Shortly thereafter, a Taiping expeditionary force penetrated as far north as the suburbs of Tianjin, the imperial heartlands. In desperati...
57315dcae6313a140071ce98	Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?	Qi Jiguang	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nZeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own \"private\" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the ...
57315dcae6313a140071ce99	What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?	repel raiding Japanese pirates	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nZeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own \"private\" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the ...
57315dcae6313a140071ce9a	What was the original plan for the Xiang Army?	eradicate the Taiping rebels	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nZeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own \"private\" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the ...
57315e3ca5e9cc1400cdbf0b	What entity became the main Qing troops?	Yongying corps	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFirst, the Yongying system signaled the end of Manchu dominance in Qing military establishment. Although the Banners and Green Standard armies lingered on as a drain on resources, henceforth the Yongying corps became the Qing government's de facto first-line troops. Second, the Yongying corps were ...
57315e3ca5e9cc1400cdbf0c	Who paid for the Yongying?	provincial coffers	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFirst, the Yongying system signaled the end of Manchu dominance in Qing military establishment. Although the Banners and Green Standard armies lingered on as a drain on resources, henceforth the Yongying corps became the Qing government's de facto first-line troops. Second, the Yongying corps were ...
57315e3ca5e9cc1400cdbf0d	Who led the Yongying?	regional commanders	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nFirst, the Yongying system signaled the end of Manchu dominance in Qing military establishment. Although the Banners and Green Standard armies lingered on as a drain on resources, henceforth the Yongying corps became the Qing government's de facto first-line troops. Second, the Yongying corps were ...
57315f42497a881900248e91	When was the Second Opium War?	1860	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. T...
57315f42497a881900248e92	What happened to the Summer Palace?	sacked	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. T...
57315f42497a881900248e93	How big was the French-British army?	25,000	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. T...
57315f42497a881900248e94	What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called?	Self-Strengthening Movement	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. T...
5731600fe6313a140071cea8	Who beat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War?	Japan	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLosing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occu...
5731600fe6313a140071cea9	Which fleet did the Japanese destroy?	Beiyang Fleet	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLosing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occu...
5731600fe6313a140071ceaa	When did the Qing decide to modernize their military?	1894	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLosing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occu...
5731600fe6313a140071ceab	What was the new modern army called?	the New Army	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLosing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occu...
5731600fe6313a140071ceac	Who became the President of the Republic of China?	General Yuan Shikai	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLosing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occu...
573160a1a5e9cc1400cdbf11	What happened in early and middle Qing history?	population growth	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a sc...
573160a1a5e9cc1400cdbf12	How much did the population grow during the 18th century?	doubled	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a sc...
573160a1a5e9cc1400cdbf13	What were the 2 types of migration during the 18th century?	permanent migration for resettlement, and relocation conceived by the party (in theory at least) as a temporary sojourn	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe most significant fact of early and mid-Qing social history was population growth. The population doubled during the 18th century. People in this period were also remarkably on the move. There is evidence suggesting that the empire's rapidly expanding population was geographically mobile on a sc...
5731613c05b4da19006bd110	How many estates were there in Qing society?	five	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nAccording to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chines...
5731613c05b4da19006bd111	What 2 groups were normal Chinese broken into?	the good "commoner" people, the other "mean" people	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nAccording to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chines...
5731613c05b4da19006bd112	What was the legal term for commoner?	liangmin	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nAccording to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five. Apart from the estates of the officials, the comparatively minuscule aristocracy, and the degree-holding literati, there also existed a major division among ordinary Chines...
573161e105b4da19006bd116	What did China export?	tea, silk and manufactures	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between re...
573161e105b4da19006bd117	What did the Chinese get paid for their goods?	silver	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between re...
573161e105b4da19006bd118	When did the Chinese economy finally recover after the wars with the Mings?	end of the 17th century	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between re...
57316283497a881900248ea3	What did the Qing do to reform land ownership?	reduced the tax burden	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced th...
57316283497a881900248ea4	What happened to the price of rice during the 18th century?	rise slowly and smoothly	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced th...
57316283497a881900248ea5	What was the Great Divergence?	Western world overtook China economically	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced th...
573162fbe6313a140071ceba	What was China's population at the end of the 18th century?	300 million	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China rece...
573162fbe6313a140071cebb	What were the reasons for the population explosion during the 18th century?	peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China rece...
573162fbe6313a140071cebc	What crops were imported?	peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nBy the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China rece...
5731639f497a881900248eb1	What arts were the Qing emperors good at?	poetry and often skilled in painting	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the P...
5731639f497a881900248eb2	What was the rhyme dictionary called that was published by Kangxi?	Peiwen Yunfu	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the P...
5731639f497a881900248eb3	When was the Kangxi Dictionary published?	1716	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the P...
5731639f497a881900248eb4	When was the Siku Quanshu finished?	1782	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nThe Qing emperors were generally adept at poetry and often skilled in painting, and offered their patronage to Confucian culture. The Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors, for instance, embraced Chinese traditions both to control them and to proclaim their own legitimacy. The Kangxi Emperor sponsored the P...
57316448e6313a140071ceca	Name three painters?	Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707)	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nYet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of t...
57316448e6313a140071cecb	What two schools of art were created in the 19th century?	Shanghai School and the Lingnan School	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nYet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of t...
57316448e6313a140071cecc	Name two arts of the Four Arts?	Calligraphy and painting	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nYet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of t...
57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf17	What was the sign of a gentleman?	Poetry	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLiterature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Mi...
57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf18	Who started writing poety during the Qing dynasty?	women	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLiterature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Mi...
57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf19	What was the name of Pu Songling's collection of short stories?	Strange Stories	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLiterature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Mi...
57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf1a	What was the name of Shen Fu's memoir?	Six Chapters of a Floating Life	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLiterature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Mi...
57316532a5e9cc1400cdbf1b	Who wrote the novel Dream of the Red Chamber?	Cao Xueqin	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nLiterature grew to new heights in the Qing period. Poetry continued as a mark of the cultivated gentleman, but women wrote in larger and larger numbers and poets came from all walks of life. The poetry of the Qing dynasty is a lively field of research, being studied (along with the poetry of the Mi...
573165efe6313a140071cee4	Who wrote the Suiyuan Shidan?	Yuan Mei	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nCuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan w...
573165efe6313a140071cee5	What was the Suiyaun Shidan about?	recipes	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nCuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan w...
573165efe6313a140071cee6	What was the Manchu Han Imperial Feast?	appreciation by Han Chinese for Manchu culinary customs	[ "Qing_dynasty\n\nCuisine aroused a cultural pride in the accumulated richness of a long and varied past. The gentleman gourmet, such as Yuan Mei, applied aesthetic standards to the art of cooking, eating, and appreciation of tea at a time when New World crops and products entered everyday life. The Suiyuan Shidan w...
573120b505b4da19006bcdd6	Who are the indigenous people of the Americas descended from?	pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas \"Amerindian\" is used...
573120b505b4da19006bcdd7	What is a common term in Spanish speaking countries for the indigenous peoples?	Pueblos indígenas	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas \"Amerindian\" is used...
573120b505b4da19006bcdd8	What term is used in Argentina to refer to the original peoples of a continent?	Aborigen	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas \"Amerindian\" is used...
573120b505b4da19006bcdd9	In Quebec, The Guianas and places in the Caribbean where English is spoken, what is the preferred term for the indigenous people of the Americas?	Amerindian	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas \"Amerindian\" is used...
573120b505b4da19006bcdda	How are the indigenous people most commonly referred to by citizens of the U.S.?	Native Americans	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas \"Amerindian\" is used...
5731225ca5e9cc1400cdbc75	Where do most theories today attribute the settlement of the Americas as originating from?	Asia	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of exp...
5731225ca5e9cc1400cdbc76	How did humans cross over to the Americas from Asia?	Beringia	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of exp...
5731225ca5e9cc1400cdbc77	What was Beringia?	a land bridge which connected the two continents	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of exp...
5731225ca5e9cc1400cdbc78	Most experts can at least agree that the earliest pre-modern human migration took place when?	13,500 years ago	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of exp...
5731225ca5e9cc1400cdbc79	How do the indigenous peoples explain how they came to live in the Americas?	a wide range of creation myths	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to the prevailing theories of the settlement of the Americas, migrations of humans from Asia (in particular North Asia) to the Americas took place via Beringia, a land bridge which connected the two continents across what is now the Bering Strait. The majority of exp...
57312489497a881900248bab	What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with Christopher Columbus?	Indian	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nApplication of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led ...
57312489497a881900248bac	Where did Columbus believe he had arrived?	East Indies	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nApplication of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led ...
57312489497a881900248bad	Because of Columbus' mistake, the Americas came to be known as what?	West Indies	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nApplication of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led ...
57312489497a881900248bae	What is implied by the global term of "Indian"?	some kind of racial or cultural unity	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nApplication of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led ...
57312489497a881900248baf	Despite fitting under the umbrella label of "Indian", Aleuts, Inuit and Yupik peoples are still considered to be what to the Americas?	indigenous	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nApplication of the term \"Indian\" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the \"West Indies\", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led ...
57312612497a881900248bd3	What were many of the indigenous people of the Americas traditionally?	hunter-gatherers	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in ...
57312612497a881900248bd4	What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice?	aquaculture and agriculture	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in ...
57312612497a881900248bd5	What remains as a testament to the time and work the indigenous people spent cultivating the flora of the Americas?	agricultural endowment	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in ...
57312612497a881900248bd6	What did many of the societies practice a mix of?	farming, hunting, and gathering	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in ...
57312612497a881900248bd7	Large cities, chiefdoms, monuments and empires were just some of the things created by which peoples?	indigenous	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAlthough some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in ...
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcad	Where are there still populations of indigenous peoples?	Many parts of the Americas	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Som...
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcae	Belize, Chile and Greenland are just some countries with sizable populations of what peoples?	indigenous	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Som...
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcaf	How many different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas?	At least a thousand	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Som...
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcb0	What do many indigenous cultures still practice to different extends to this day?	religion, social organization, and subsistence practices	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Som...
573127b2a5e9cc1400cdbcb1	What have some indigenous peoples managed to remain in relative isolation from?	Western culture	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Som...
573128b3497a881900248be5	How Paleo-Indians migrated to the Americas is still a matter for what type of research?	ongoing	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in ...
573128b3497a881900248be6	When did humans inhabit North and South America's continents?	last	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in ...
573128b3497a881900248be7	What allowed people to move across Beringia to North America?	falling sea levels	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in ...
573128b3497a881900248be8	A small population could exist in Alaska because of it's lack of any significant what?	snowfall	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in ...
573128b3497a881900248be9	What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years?	Laurentide Ice Sheet	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in ...
5731295f05b4da19006bce06	What do studies on the genetics of the first American inhabitants conclude about their ancestral population?	single	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIndigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago...
5731295f05b4da19006bce07	Where did the single ancestral population of all the indigenous peoples of the Americas likely develop?	in isolation	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIndigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago...
5731295f05b4da19006bce08	How many years may the isolation of the peoples in Beringia lasted?	10–20,000 years	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIndigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago...
5731295f05b4da19006bce09	When did the glaciers begin to melt?	16,500 years ago	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIndigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago...
5731295f05b4da19006bce0a	What did the people follow in the corridors between the ice sheets?	Pleistocene megafauna	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIndigenous genetic studies suggest that the first inhabitants of the Americas share a single ancestral population, one that developed in isolation, conjectured to be Beringia. The isolation of these peoples in Beringia might have lasted 10–20,000 years. Around 16,500 years ago...
57312a93e6313a140071ccae	What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?	directly ancestral	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early dive...
57312a93e6313a140071ccaf	What populations is the individual closely related to?	present North American Native American	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early dive...
57312a93e6313a140071ccb0	What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?	early	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early dive...
57312a93e6313a140071ccb1	Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?	ruled out	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early dive...
57312b61e6313a140071ccb6	The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?	before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nWhile technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or ev...
57312b61e6313a140071ccb7	When was Columbus' first voyage?	1492	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nWhile technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or ev...
57312b61e6313a140071ccb8	In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?	conquered or significantly influenced	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nWhile technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or ev...
57312b61e6313a140071ccb9	What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?	"Pre-Columbian"	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nWhile technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or ev...
57312b61e6313a140071ccba	What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from?	Andes	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nWhile technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or ev...
57312c7b05b4da19006bce40	Urban settlements and complex societal hierarchies are just some of the hallmarks established by which civilizations?	pre-Columbian	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first signi...
57312c7b05b4da19006bce41	What had long faded prior to the first European and African arrivals?	Some of these civilizations	[ "Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first signi...

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