id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57312c7b05b4da19006bce42 | How do we know about some of the civilizations that were gone by the time of European arrival? | oral history and through archaeological investigations | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first signi... |
57312c7b05b4da19006bce43 | What did European colonists destroy on their pyres? | written records | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first signi... |
57312c7b05b4da19006bce44 | What gave today's historians a glimpse of the culture and knowledge of the indigenous civilizations? | a few documents | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany pre-Columbian civilizations established characteristics and hallmarks which included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first signi... |
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc1 | What had the civilizations in the Americas achieved by the time the Europeans encountered them? | many accomplishments | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexic... |
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc2 | What had the Aztec civilization constructed? | one of the largest cities in the world | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexic... |
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc3 | How big was the population of the Aztec cit of Tenochtitlan? | 200,000 | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexic... |
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc4 | Astronomy and mathematics were also accomplishments of which civilizations? | American | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexic... |
57312cffa5e9cc1400cdbcc5 | How many years of selective breeding did it take to domesticate maize? | thousands | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nAccording to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexic... |
57313386e6313a140071cd02 | What did the European colonization forever change? | lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within t... |
57313386e6313a140071cd03 | How much did the population of the Americas decrease after first contact with the Europeans? | between 80 and 90% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within t... |
57313386e6313a140071cd04 | What was the leading cause of death for the native population after European contact? | disease | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within t... |
57313386e6313a140071cd05 | What triad of disease epidemics ravaged the American continent? | smallpox, measles, and cholera | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within t... |
57313386e6313a140071cd06 | Why did Native Americans suffer such high mortality rates to the diseases? | lack of prior exposure | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the peoples of the continents. Although the exact pre-contact population of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Native American populations diminished by between 80 and 90% within t... |
57313428e6313a140071cd14 | Who was the first group of indigenous people Columbus encountered? | the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks ... |
57313428e6313a140071cd15 | What did the Taínos represent in the Greater Antilles and Bahamas? | dominant culture | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks ... |
57313428e6313a140071cd16 | What percentage of the Taínos were dead thirty years after contact with Columbus? | 70% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks ... |
57313428e6313a140071cd17 | Why were outbreaks of measles and smallpox able to so easily decimate the Taínos' population? | no immunity to European diseases | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks ... |
57313428e6313a140071cd18 | What led to the last great Taínos rebellion? | Increasing punishment | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe first indigenous group encountered by Columbus were the 250,000 Taínos of Hispaniola who represented the dominant culture in the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks ... |
5731350505b4da19006bcec2 | What behaviors did the Taínos begin to adopt after years of mistreatment? | suicidal | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nFollowing years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the... |
5731350505b4da19006bcec3 | What did Taínos women start doing to their infants? | aborting or killing | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nFollowing years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the... |
5731350505b4da19006bcec4 | Why would ingesting untreated cassava be a bad idea? | violent poison | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nFollowing years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the... |
5731350505b4da19006bcec5 | How many years was a Taínos Cacique able to hold ou in the Baoruco Mountain Range? | thirteen | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nFollowing years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the... |
5731350505b4da19006bcec6 | Who was sent to negotiate a peace treaty with the rebels? | Francisco Barrionuevo | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nFollowing years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from the cliffs or ingesting untreated cassava, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named Enriquillo managed to hold out in the... |
573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdf9 | What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations? | epidemic disease | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVarious theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the ... |
573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdfa | Old World diseases accounted for up to what percentage of deaths among the native New World population? | 90 to 95% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVarious theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the ... |
573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdfb | How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did? | 150 years | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVarious theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the ... |
573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdfc | What disease killed almost a third of the population of Hispaniola in 1518? | Smallpox | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVarious theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the ... |
573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdfd | How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War? | By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVarious theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the ... |
573148a7497a881900248d4d | What percent of the Aboriginal population of North America was killed in the first hundred years after first contact by smallpox and measles? | between 50 and 67 per cent | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nContact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died o... |
573148a7497a881900248d4e | How much of the native population near Massachusetts was killed by smallpox in the epidemic between 1617 and 1619? | 90 per cent | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nContact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died o... |
573148a7497a881900248d4f | Who were the Native Americans exposed to smallpox because of? | Europeans | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nContact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died o... |
573148a7497a881900248d50 | When did smallpox read the lands of the Iroquois? | by 1679 | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nContact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died o... |
573148a7497a881900248d51 | What did the Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 establish? | a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nContact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 per cent of the Aboriginal population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 per cent of the native population near Massachusetts Bay Colony died o... |
57316d92a5e9cc1400cdbf4f | What Empire brought horses to the Americas? | Spanish | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native Americ... |
57316d92a5e9cc1400cdbf50 | How long had horses been extinct in the Americas prior to their re-introduction? | 7500 years | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native Americ... |
57316d92a5e9cc1400cdbf51 | What kind of impact did the re-emergence of horses have on some Native American cultures? | profound | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native Americ... |
57316d92a5e9cc1400cdbf52 | What did some tribes achieve by domesticating horses? | great success | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native Americ... |
57316d92a5e9cc1400cdbf53 | What enabled some tribes to expand territory, increase trade and capture more game? | horses | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native Americ... |
57316ed305b4da19006bd14e | What did the indigenous peoples of America cultivate over the course of thousands of years? | a large array of plant species | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nOver the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new speci... |
57316ed305b4da19006bd14f | What percent of worldwide crops in cultivation derive from the efforts of the America's indigenous people? | 50–60% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nOver the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new speci... |
57316ed305b4da19006bd150 | How were new species and strains of crops developed? | artificial selection | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nOver the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new speci... |
57316ed305b4da19006bd151 | What was the origin of maize? | wild teosinte grasses | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nOver the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new speci... |
57316ed305b4da19006bd152 | What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish? | agricultural | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nOver the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new speci... |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16c | Where was a center of early agriculture? | South American highlands | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all moder... |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16d | Based on genetic testing, what has been suggested about the origin of the potato? | single | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all moder... |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16e | Where did the potato originate? | area of southern Peru | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all moder... |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd16f | How long ago was the decedent of 99% of all modern potatoes cultivated as long ago as? | 10,000 years ago | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all moder... |
57316ffc05b4da19006bd170 | What event in 850 AD coincided with the collapse of Mayan civilization? | persistent drought | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe South American highlands were a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species suggests that the potato has a single origin in the area of southern Peru, from a species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Over 99% of all moder... |
5731708c497a881900248edd | When did the North American natives begin farming? | approximately 4,000 years ago | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNatives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently,... |
5731708c497a881900248ede | What had pottery become 4,000 years ago in the Americas? | common | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNatives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently,... |
5731708c497a881900248edf | What did technology make feasible when it came to trees? | small-scale felling | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNatives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently,... |
5731708c497a881900248ee0 | How did Archaic Indians use fire? | a controlled manner | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNatives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently,... |
5731708c497a881900248ee1 | What was the intentional burning of vegetation intended to mimic? | effects of natural fires | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNatives of North America began practicing farming approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the Archaic period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point that pottery was becoming common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently,... |
5731716b05b4da19006bd192 | What global industry owes its existence to having been domesticated by indigenous Americans? | Many crops | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or \"corn\", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, but... |
5731716b05b4da19006bd193 | What is arguably the most important crop in the world? | corn | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or \"corn\", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, but... |
5731716b05b4da19006bd194 | Squash, beans, and peppers are all examples of what type of crop? | significant | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or \"corn\", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, but... |
5731716b05b4da19006bd195 | What type of bean is used to make chocolate? | cocoa | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or \"corn\", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, but... |
5731716b05b4da19006bd196 | Who do we owe gratitude for even some species of cotton to? | indigenous Americans | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nMany crops first domesticated by indigenous Americans are now produced and used globally. Chief among these is maize or \"corn\", arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include cassava, chia, squash (pumpkins, zucchini, marrow, acorn squash, but... |
57317254497a881900248eed | What did geographical zones encourage the sharing of? | Cultural practices | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nCultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development ... |
57317254497a881900248eee | What did people in the same reason adopt? | similar technologies and social organizations | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nCultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development ... |
57317254497a881900248eef | Where did millennia of coexistence produce a culture with advanced agricultural and social patterns? | Mesoamerica | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nCultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development ... |
57317254497a881900248ef0 | How long was there a homogeneous culture on the North American plains? | until the 19th century | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nCultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development ... |
57317254497a881900248ef1 | What creature did the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the plains hunt? | buffalo | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nCultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where unrelated peoples adopted similar technologies and social organizations. An example of such a cultural area is Mesoamerica, where millennia of coexistence and shared development ... |
5731732b497a881900248f01 | What was one of the many achievements of the American cultures? | development of writing | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1... |
5731732b497a881900248f02 | What region produced several writing systems independent of other areas of the world? | the Mesoamerican region | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1... |
5731732b497a881900248f03 | When were writing systems being created in the Americas? | beginning in the 1st millennium BCE | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1... |
5731732b497a881900248f04 | What is presumed to be written upon the Cascajal Block? | extensive text | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1... |
5731732b497a881900248f05 | When has the Olmec tablet been dated to? | 900 BCE | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1... |
573173f6497a881900248f11 | What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms? | Maya | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllab... |
573173f6497a881900248f12 | What signs play a significant role in the Mayan's writing system? | syllabic | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllab... |
573173f6497a881900248f13 | What is the Mayan writing system the only known pre-Columbian one to completely represent this? | spoken language of its community | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllab... |
573173f6497a881900248f14 | How many different glyphs in total does the Mayan writing system have? | more than one thousand | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllab... |
573173f6497a881900248f15 | How many of the Mayan glyphs had phonetic or syllabic interpretations? | some two hundred | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllab... |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c0 | Who taught indigenous scribes to write their languages? | Spanish | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nSpanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were par... |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c1 | When were indigenous scribes taught to use Latin letters? | the sixteenth century | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nSpanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were par... |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c2 | What were a large number of the local documents in regards to? | lawsuits and other legal matters | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nSpanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were par... |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c3 | What were Spanish translations at the time made for? | legal cases | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nSpanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were par... |
573174bc05b4da19006bd1c4 | What viewpoint have scholars translated and analyzed documents to writes histories from? | indigenous | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nSpanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages in Latin letters and there is a large number of local-level documents in Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and Yucatec Maya from the colonial era, many of which were par... |
5731752de6313a140071cf56 | What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have? | monophonic | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNative American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, c... |
5731752de6313a140071cf57 | What did traditional Native American music center around? | drumming | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNative American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, c... |
5731752de6313a140071cf58 | What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans? | Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNative American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, c... |
5731752de6313a140071cf59 | How were flutes constructed by the Native Americans? | rivercane, cedar, and other woods | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNative American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, c... |
5731752de6313a140071cf5a | How many strings did the Apache fiddle have? | single | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nNative American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, c... |
57317628e6313a140071cf60 | What feature did the music of Central America have? | pentatonic | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as dru... |
57317628e6313a140071cf61 | What role did music play in the religious festivities? | inseparable from | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as dru... |
57317628e6313a140071cf62 | What instruments were used to make music by the Central Americans? | large variety of percussion and wind | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as dru... |
57317628e6313a140071cf63 | Where did archaeologists find a depiction of a Mayan stringed instrument? | a jar in Guatemala | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as dru... |
57317628e6313a140071cf64 | What did the Mayan's stringed instrument sound like when played? | a jaguar's growl | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nThe music of the indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America was often pentatonic. Before the arrival of the Spaniards and other Europeans, music was inseparable from religious festivities and included a large variety of percussion and wind instruments such as dru... |
57317711497a881900248f1b | What comprises a major category in the world art collection? | Visual arts by indigenous peoples | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVisual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Al... |
57317711497a881900248f1c | Pottery, weavings and carvings are just some of the contributions to art by which peoples? | indigenous | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVisual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Al... |
57317711497a881900248f1d | Why did the U.S. pass the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990? | too many artists were posing as Native Americans | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVisual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Al... |
57317711497a881900248f1e | What does the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 require artists to prove they're enrolled in? | a state or federally recognized tribe | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVisual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Al... |
57317711497a881900248f1f | When was a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation established? | 2007 | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nVisual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Al... |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d4 | What was the number of indigenous people in Argentina as of 2005? | about 600,329 | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-genera... |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d5 | How many Mapuche were there in Argentina in 2005? | 113,680 | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-genera... |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d6 | Who are the Quechua and Chorote? | Minor but important peoples | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-genera... |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d7 | What indigenous population is now virtually extinct? | The Selknam | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-genera... |
573177ab05b4da19006bd1d8 | Who still speaks Southern Tehuelche? | a handful of elderly people | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-genera... |
5731785b497a881900248f39 | What percentage of the residents in Bolivia self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people? | 62% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66... |
5731785b497a881900248f3a | What percent of people in Bolivia grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet don't call themselves indigenous? | 3.7% | [
"Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas\n\nIn Bolivia, a 62% majority of residents over the age of 15 self-identify as belonging to an indigenous people, while another 3.7% grew up with an indigenous mother tongue yet do not self-identify as indigenous. Including both of these categories, and children under 15, some 66... |
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