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physical as well a s biochemical functions of any kind of living organisms. In other world the physical, mechanical as well as different biochemical function that take place in the |
body of any living organism can be studies in the subject of Physiology. Traditionally, Physiology can be divided into two broader parts – plant physiology as well as animal physiology. |
Physiology Degrees are much sought after by students interested in the life sciences. However the principles that are followed in physiology are universal irrespective of any particular organism. Human physiology |
is an important part of the study of animal physiology, too. There are some other major branches that originated from physiology that can be studies individually nowadays. These branches that |
originated from physiology includes biochemistry, paleobiology, biomechanics, pharmacology and biophysics. At the Online Physiology Degree you can also have a chance to study a few of these branches. Who are |
eligible to study Online Physiology Degree? An Online Physiology Degree are also beneficial to the working professionals who finds it hard to devote a certain amount of tie every day |
or at least once or twice a week to go for the part time courses. The Online Physiology Degree will help them to study at night or even between the |
working hours. The course material being available online the Online Physiology Degree gives them the option of ‘flexible timings’ for their studies. Thus the Online Physiology Degree courses are very |
beneficial to them. Why choose an Online Physiology Degree? Choosing or opting for an Online Physiology Degree can be a wise decision on the part of the busy professional as |
well as any modern day student. The course material used in Online Physiology Degree are made keeping in mind a global approach and so the degrees are, usually, recognized across |
the globe. The Online Physiology Degree courses also offer you the flexibility to choose your time and pace to study. Thus an Online Physiology Degree course has an edge over |
Analogue Tachographs: A Brief History Note: Since May 2006, Analogue Tachographs are being phased out in favour of digital versions which record data on a smart card. Find out more |
about Digital Tachographs. A tachograph displays vehicle speed and makes a record of all speeds during an entire trip. The name ‘tachograph’ comes from the graphical recording of the tachometer |
or engine speed. Analogue units record the driver’s periods of duty on a waxed paper disc – a tachograph chart. An ink pen records the engine speed on circular graph |
paper that automatically advances according to the internal clock of the tachograph. This graph paper is removed on a regular basis and maintained by the fleet owner for government records. |
In the 1950s, there were an increasing number of road accidents attributed to sleep-deprived and tired truck drivers. Concerns for safety led to the rapid spread of the tachograph in |
the commercial vehicle market, but at this point it was voluntary and not legislated. Fleet operators then found that tachographs helped them to monitor driver hours more reliably, and safety |
also improved. In Europe, use of tachographs has been compulsory for all trucks over 3.5 tonnes since 1970. For safety reasons, most countries also have limits on the working hours |
of drivers of commercial vehicles. Tachographs are used to monitor drivers’ working hours and ensure that appropriate breaks are taken. Legislation relating to Tachographs has been in force in the |
Surrealist artists questioned long-held assumptions about what a work of art should be about and how it should be made. Rather than creating every element of their artworks, they boldly selected everyday, manufactured objects and either modified and combined them with other items or simply se-lected them and called the... |
for something to be called a work of art, and then explore three works of art that may challenge their definitions. Students will consider their own definitions of art. Students will consider how Dada and Surrealist artists challenged conventional ideas of art. Students will be introduced to Readymades and photograms. ... |
what makes something a work of art. Does art have to be seen in a specific place? Where does one encounter art? What is art supposed to accomplish? Who is it for? Ask your students to create an individual list of their criteria. Then, divide your students into small groups to discuss and debate the results and come up ... |
a final list. Finally, ask each group to share with the class what they think is the most important criteria and what is the most contested criteria for something to be called a work of art. Write these on the chalkboard for the class to review and discuss. Show your students the image of Bicycle Wheel. Ask your studen... |
Marcel Duchamp’s sculp-ture fulfills any of their criteria for something to be called a work of art. Ask them to support their obser-vations with visual evidence. Inform your students that Duchamp made this work by fastening a Bicycle Wheel to a kitchen stool. Ask your students to consider the fact that Duchamp rendere... |
that your students notice that there is no tire on the Bicycle Wheel. To challenge accepted notions of art, Duchamp selected mass-produced, often functional objects from everyday life for his artworks, which he called Readymades. He did this to shift viewers’ engagement with a work of art from what he called the “retin... |
work. The first, now lost, was made in 1913, almost forty years earlier. Because the materials Duchamp selected to be Readymades were mass-produced, he did not consider any Readymade to be “original.” Ask your students to revisit their list of criteria for something to be called a work of art. Ask them to list criteria... |
a kinetic sculpture that depends on motion for effect. Although Duchamp selected items for his Readymades without regard to their so-called beauty, he said, “To see that wheel turning was very soothing, very comforting . . . I en-joyed looking at it, just as I enjoy looking at the flames dancing in a fireplace.” [Franc... |
William Sisler Collection (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1984), 160.] By en-couraging viewers to spin Bicycle Wheel, Duchamp challenged the common expectation that works of art should not to be touched. Show your students Rayograph. Ask your students to name recognizable shapes in this work. Ask them to support t... |
this image was made? Inform your students that Rayograph was made by Man Ray, an American artist who was well-known for his portrait and fashion photography. Man Ray transformed everyday objects into mysterious images by placing them on photographic paper, exposing them to light, and oftentimes repeating this process w... |
chemicals, the areas blocked from light by objects placed on the paper earlier on will remain light, and the areas exposed to light will turn black. Man Ray discovered the technique of making photograms by chance, when he placed some objects in his darkroom on light-sensitive paper and accidentally exposed them to ligh... |
with the process for years to come. He likened the technique, now known as the photogram, to “painting with light,” calling the images rayographs, after his assumed name. Now that your students have identified some recognizable objects used to make Rayograph, ask them to consider which of those objects might have been ... |
on the tone of the shapes in the photogram. Now show your students Meret Oppenheim’s sculpture Object (Déjeuner en fourrure). Both Rayograph and Object were made using everyday objects and materials not traditionally used for making art, which, when combined, challenge ideas of reality in unexpected ways. Ask your stud... |
transformed by the artists. Ask your students to name some traditional uses for the individual materials (cup, spoon, saucer, fur) used to make Object. Ask your students what choices they think Oppenheim made to transform these materials and objects. In 1936, the Swiss artist Oppenheim was at a café in Paris with her f... |
was wearing a bracelet she had made from fur-lined, polished metal tubing. Picasso joked that one could cover anything with fur, to which Oppenheim replied, “Even this cup and saucer.” [Bice Curiger, Meret Oppenheim: Defiance in the Face of Freedom (Zurich, Frankfurt, New York: PARKETT Publishers Inc., 1989), 39.] Her ... |
a little more fur!” Soon after, when asked to participate in a Surrealist exhibition, she bought a cup, saucer, and spoon at a department store and lined them with the fur of a Chinese gazelle. [Josephine Withers, “The Famous Fur-Lined Teacup and the Anonymous Meret Oppenheim” (New York: Arts Magazine, Vol. 52, Novem-b... |
transformed everyday objects into Readymades, Surrealist objects, and photograms. Ask your students to review the images of the three artworks in this lesson and discuss the similarities and differences between these artists’ transformation of everyday objects. Art and Controversy At the time they were made, works of a... |
Readymades immoral and vulgar—even plagiaristic. Overwhelmed by the publicity Object received, Oppenheim sunk into a twenty-year depres-sion that greatly inhibited her creative production. Ask your students to conduct research on a work of art that has recently been met with controversy. Each student should find at lea... |
one-page summary of the issues addressed in these articles. Students should consider how and why the work chal-lenged and upset critics. Was the controversial reception related to the representation, the medium, the scale, the cost, or the location of the work? After completing the assignment, ask your students to shar... |
critiques among the work’s various receptions. Make a Photogram If your school has a darkroom, have your students make photograms. Each student should collect several small objects from school, home, and the outside to place on photographic paper. Their collection should include a range of translucent and opaque object... |
want to overlap objects or use their hands to cover parts of the light-sensitive paper. Once the objects are arranged on the paper in a darkroom, have your students expose the paper to light for several seconds (probably about five to ten seconds, depending on the level of light) then develop, fix, rinse, and dry the p... |
few sheets of photographic paper per student so that they can experiment with different arrangements and exposures. After the photograms are complete, have your students discuss the different results that they achieved. Students may also make negatives of their photograms by placing them on top of a fresh sheet of phot... |
glass. After ex-posing this to light, they can develop the paper to get the negative of the original photogram. Encourage your students to try FAUXtogram, an activity available on Red Studio, MoMA's Web site for teens. GROVE ART ONLINE: Suggested Reading Below is a list of selected articles which provide more informati... |
Asthma and Exercise What is exercise-induced asthma? Most people diagnosed with asthma will experience asthma symptoms when exercising. In addition, some who are not diagnosed with asthma will experience asthma symptoms, but only during exercise. This is a condition called exercise-induced asthma. Long-distance running... |
allergens and/or irritants. Some people have both types of asthma, while others only experience exercise-induced asthma. Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory lung disease that leads to three airway problems: obstruction, inflammation, and hyper-responsiveness. Unfortunately, the basic cause of asthma is still not known. H... |
warmed and moistened by the nasal passages to prevent injury to the delicate lining of the airways. However, for someone with asthma, the airways may be extremely sensitive to allergens, irritants, infection, weather, and/or exercise. When asthma symptoms begin, the airways' muscles constrict and narrow, the lining of ... |
(especially outside in cold weather), the increased breathing in and breathing out through the mouth may cause the airways to dry and cool, which may irritate them and cause the onset of asthma symptoms. In addition, when breathing through the mouth during exercise, a person will inhale more air-borne particles, includ... |
of exercise-induced asthma? Exercise-induced asthma is characterized by asthma symptoms, such as coughing, wheezing, and tightness in the chest within five to 20 minutes after starting to exercise. Exercised-induced asthma can also include symptoms such as unusual fatigue and feeling short-of-breath while exercising. H... |
person with asthma, improving their airway function by strengthening their breathing muscles. Consult your doctor for more information. How can exercise-induced asthma be controlled? Stretching and proper warm-up and cool-down exercises may relieve any chest tightness that occurs with exercising. In addition, breathing... |
the airways, protecting the delicate lining of the airways. Other ways to help prevent an asthma attack due to exercise include the following: Your doctor may prescribe an inhaled asthma medication to use before exercise, which may also be used after exercise if symptoms occur. Avoid exercising in very low temperatures... |
your mouth and nose, so that the air breathed in is warm and easier to inhale. Avoid exercising when pollen or air pollution levels are high (if allergy plays a role in the asthma). If inhaling air through the mouth, keep the mouth pursed (lips forming a small "O" close together), so that the air is less cold and dry |
when it enters the airways during exercise. Carry an inhaler, just in case of an asthma attack. Wear an allergy mask during pollen season. Avoid exercise when experiencing a viral infection. What sports are recommended for people with asthma? According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, the rec... |
the warm, humid environment, the toning of the upper muscles, and the horizontal position (which may actually loosen mucus from the bottom of the lungs). Other recommended activities and sports include: Sports that may aggravate exercise-induced asthma symptoms include: However, with proper management and preparation, ... |
What is endometriosis? Endometriosis (say "en-doh-mee-tree-OH-sus") is a problem many women have during their childbearing years. It means that a type of tissue that lines your uterus is also growing outside your uterus. This does not always cause symptoms. And it usually isn't dangerous. But it can cause pain and othe... |
uterus are called implants. They usually grow on the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the outer wall of the uterus, the intestines, or other organs in the belly. In rare cases they spread to areas beyond the belly. How does endometriosis cause problems? Your uterus is lined with a type of tissue called Reference endometri... |
month, your body releases hormones that cause the endometrium to thicken and get ready for an egg. If you get pregnant, the fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium and starts to grow. If you do not get pregnant, the endometrium breaks down, and your body sheds it as blood. This is your Reference menstrual period Ope... |
have endometriosis, the implants of tissue outside your uterus act just like the tissue lining your uterus. During your menstrual cycle, they get thicker, then break down and bleed. But the implants are outside your uterus, so the blood cannot flow out of your body. The implants can get irritated and painful. Sometimes... |
(cysts). Scar tissue may make it hard to get pregnant. What causes endometriosis? Experts don't know what causes endometrial tissue to grow outside your uterus. But they do know that the female hormone Reference estrogen Opens New Window makes the problem worse. Women have high levels of estrogen during their childbear... |
into their 40s—that women have endometriosis. Estrogen levels drop when menstrual periods stop (menopause). Symptoms usually go away then. What are the symptoms? The most common symptoms are: - Pain. Where it hurts depends on where the implants are growing. You may have pain in your lower belly, your rectum or vagina, ... |
only before and during your periods or all the time. Some women have more pain during sex, when they have a bowel movement, or when their ovaries release an egg (ovulation). - Abnormal bleeding. Some women have heavy periods, spotting or bleeding between periods, bleeding after sex, or blood in their urine or stool. - ... |
Opens New Window). This is the only symptom some women have. Endometriosis varies from woman to woman. Some women don't know that they have it until they go to see a doctor because they can't get pregnant or have a procedure for another problem. Some have mild cramping that they think is normal for them. In other women... |
and bleeding are so bad that they aren't able to work or go to school. How is endometriosis diagnosed? Many different problems can cause painful or heavy periods. To find out if you have endometriosis, your doctor will: - Ask questions about your symptoms, your periods, your past health, and your family history. Endome... |
a Reference pelvic exam Opens New Window. This may include checking both your Reference vagina Opens New Window and Reference rectum Opens New Window. If it seems like you have endometriosis, your doctor may suggest that you try medicine for a few months. If you get better using medicine, you probably have endometriosi... |
cyst on an ovary, you might have an imaging test like an Reference ultrasound Opens New Window, an Reference MRI Opens New Window, or a Reference CT scan Opens New Window. These tests show pictures of what is inside your belly. The only way to be sure you have endometriosis is to have a type of surgery called Reference... |
Opens New Window (say "lap-uh-ROSS-kuh-pee"). During this surgery, the doctor puts a thin, lighted tube through a small cut in your belly. This lets the doctor see what is inside your belly. If the doctor finds implants, scar tissue, or cysts, he or she can remove them during the same surgery. How is it treated? There ... |
endometriosis, but there are good treatments. You may need to try several treatments to find what works best for you. With any treatment, there is a chance that your symptoms could come back. Treatment choices depend on whether you want to control pain or you want to get pregnant. For pain and bleeding, you can try med... |
you want to get pregnant, you may need surgery to remove the implants. Treatments for endometriosis include: - Over-the-counter pain medicines like ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin) or naproxen (such as Aleve). These medicines are called anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. They can reduce bleeding and pain. - Birth c... |
shrink implants. Most women can use them safely for years. But you cannot use them if you want to get pregnant. - Hormone therapy. This stops your periods and shrinks implants. But it can cause side effects, and pain may come back after treatment ends. Like birth control pills, hormone therapy will keep you from gettin... |
remove implants and scar tissue. This may reduce pain, and it may also help you get pregnant. As a last resort for severe pain, some women have their uterus and ovaries removed (Reference hysterectomy Opens New Window and oophorectomy). If you have your ovaries taken out, your estrogen level will drop and your symptoms... |
What is pancreatitis? Pancreatitis is inflammation of the Reference pancreas Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window, an organ in your belly that makes the hormones Reference insulin Opens New Window and Reference glucagon Opens New Window. These two hormones control how your body uses the sugar found in the food y... |
Reference enzymes Opens New Window that help you break down food. Usually the digestive enzymes stay in one part of the pancreas. But if these enzymes leak into other parts of the pancreas, they can irritate it and cause pain and swelling. This may happen suddenly or over many years. Over time, it can damage and scar t... |
causes pancreatitis? Most cases are caused by Reference gallstones Opens New Window or alcohol abuse. The disease can also be caused by an injury, an infection, or certain medicines. Long-term, or chronic, pancreatitis may occur after one attack. But it can also happen over many years. In Western countries, alcohol abu... |
know what caused the disease. What are the symptoms? The main symptom of pancreatitis is medium to severe pain in the upper belly. Pain may also spread to your back. Some people have other symptoms too, such as nausea, vomiting, a fever, and sweating. How is pancreatitis diagnosed? Your doctor will do a physical exam a... |
your symptoms and past health. You may also have blood tests to see if your levels of certain enzymes are higher than normal. This can mean that you have pancreatitis. Your doctor may also want you to have a complete blood count (CBC), a liver test, or a stool test. Other tests include an MRI, a CT scan, or an |
ultrasound of your belly (abdominal ultrasound) to look for gallstones. A test called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram, or ERCP, may help your doctor see if you have chronic pancreatitis. During this test, the doctor can also remove gallstones that are stuck in the Reference bile duct Opens New Window. How ... |
hospital. Your doctor will give you pain medicine and fluids through a vein (Reference IV Opens New Window) until the pain and swelling go away. Fluids and air can build up in your stomach when there are problems with your pancreas. This buildup can cause severe vomiting. If buildup occurs, your doctor may place a tube... |
into your stomach to remove the extra fluids and air. This will help make the pancreas less active and swollen. Although most people get well after an attack of pancreatitis, problems can occur. Problems may include Reference cysts Opens New Window, infection, or death of tissue in the pancreas. You may need surgery to... |
of the pancreas that has been damaged. If your pancreas has been severely damaged, you may need to take insulin to help your body control blood sugar. You also may need to take pancreatic enzyme pills to help your body digest fat and protein. If you have chronic pancreatitis, you will need to follow a low-fat diet and ... |
Gary McConkey from Knightdale, N.C., writes: I often park my car in the sun. When I get back inside, it feels warmer than the outside temperature. Why is that? This is a good example of the “greenhouse effect,” which is essential to life on Earth. Without it, our planet wouldn’t be warm enough for living things to surv... |
the sun’s rays enter through the window glass. Some of the heat is absorbed by interior components, such as the dashboard, seats, and carpeting. But the heat they radiate is a different wavelength from the rays of the sun that got through the glass, and it doesn’t let as much of the rays pass back out. As a result, mor... |
Work Out With Your Dog - How Animal Agility Training Can Burn Calories For You The University of Massachusetts studied human oxygen consumption during canine agility training. John Ales Vigorous Exercise for Dog and Human Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Department of Kinesiology have studied the impact o... |
during canine agility training, and their findings were recently highlighted on Zoom Room Dog Agility Training Center's website. The researchers looked at oxygen consumption (using a face mask and battery-operated, portable metabolic system that measures breath-by-breath gas exchange) as well as heart rate (detected an... |
Geology and Geography Information about Portage County Wisconsin We will provide as much historical map information as possible about the county. Google Map of Our Museums . How Wisconsin Was |
Surveyed The methods used to survey land is largely unknown to the general public. But, the Wisconsin Public Land Survey Records: Original Field Notes and Plat Maps site offers a |
complete explanation of this method as well as access to the original field notes and maps compiled by the surveyors. This section has links to our maps as well as |
external links to free printable map providers. - Map of Portage County (33k). - Map of Wisconsin (285k). - Map of Central Wisconsin (30k). - Map of Townships (7k). A |
Portage County Plat Book for 1895 has been photographed using a digital camera. The following maps are from "Page-Size Maps of Wisconsin" published by: University of Wisconsin - Extension and |
Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 3817 Mineral Point Road, Madison WI., 53705-5100. - Bedrock Geology of Wisconsin (168k). - Ice Age Deposits of Wisconsin (150k). - Early Vegetation of |
Wisconsin (126k). - Landforms of Wisconsin (109k). - Soil Regions of Wisconsin (180k). The following maps are in pdf format. Maps available from the Wisconsin Historical Society also. - British |
Era fur trading posts 1760-1815. - American Era fur trading posts 1815-1850. - American Forts and Exploration ca 1820. - Military Roads 1815-1862. - Wisconsin counties 1835. - Wisconsin counties |
1850. - Wisconsin counties 1870. - Wisconsin counties 1901. - Wisconsin Railroads 1865. - Wisconsin Railroads 1873. - Wisconsin Railroads 1936. - From National Atlas, a government agency, are printable |
maps of all the states and more. - This link is located in France and provides free printable maps covering all countries. The Society will embark on a project during |
the summer of 2009 and continuing onward to provide county maps with geotag information locating: - Small Communities. - Cemetery Locations. - Locations of School Houses, one-room and others of |
historic value. - Catholic Churches. - Lutheran Churches. - Other Churches. - Historic sites within the communities Portage County Ice Age Trail Here is a list of all the Historical |
Hepatitis A is a virus that can infect the liver. In most cases, the infection goes away on its own and doesn't lead to long-term liver problems. In rare cases, it can be more serious. The hepatitis A virus is found in the stool of an infected person. It is spread when a person eats food or drinks water that has come i... |
with infected stool. Sometimes a group of people who eat at the same restaurant can get hepatitis A. This can happen when an employee with hepatitis A doesn't wash his or her hands well after using the bathroom and then prepares food. It can also happen when a food item is contaminated by raw sewage or by an infected g... |
also spread in day care centers. Children, especially those in diapers, may get stool on their hands and then touch objects that other children put into their mouths. And workers can spread the virus if they don't wash their hands well after changing a diaper. Some things can raise your risk of getting hepatitis A, suc... |
you're traveling in a country where hepatitis A is common, you can lower your chances of getting the disease by avoiding uncooked foods and untreated tap water. You may also be at risk if you live with or have sex with someone who has hepatitis A. After you have been exposed to the virus, it can take from 2 to 7 weeks ... |
see any signs of it. Symptoms usually last for about 2 months but may last longer. Common symptoms are: All forms of hepatitis have similar symptoms. Only a blood test can tell if you have hepatitis A or another form of the disease. Call your doctor if you have reason to think that you have hepatitis A or have been exp... |
example, did you recently eat in a restaurant where a server was found to have hepatitis A? Has there been an outbreak at your child's day care? Does someone in your house have hepatitis A?) Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and where you have eaten or traveled. You may have blood tests if your doctor ... |
tests can tell if your liver is inflamed and whether you have antibodies to the hepatitis A virus. These antibodies prove that you have been exposed to the virus. Hepatitis A goes away on its own in most cases. Most people get well within a few months. While you have hepatitis: If hepatitis A causes more serious illnes... |
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