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The Difference Between Men and Women in Islaam
Have you wondered what are the differences between men and women in Islaam? In worship, in character, in leadership, in marriage, etc?
Now you will find those answers inshaAllah. An amazing post. Hope it will be beneficial to all!
The Difference between Men and Women in Islam
By Shaykh Yahya ibn Ali Al-Hajuri (may Allah preserve him)
Character and Creation:
- Man was created from dirt and the woman was created from the rib.
- Allah has decreed the menstrual cycle for the woman and not the man.
- Men grow beards women don’t, but if she does it’s permissible for her to shave it.
- Women are deficient in their intellect and religion. i.e A woman witness = ½ a man and during menses she doesn’t pray and fast.
- The men have been given strength over women.
- A man’s semen is white and a woman’s is yellow.
- It’s an obligation to circumcise the man and its sunnah to circumcise the woman.
- Ear piercing is permissible for women and not for men.
- The urine of the woman is stronger and more dirtier than the man’s
- It’s legislated for man to redo Wudu if he intends to have relations with his wife a second time in the same setting.
- The Athaan and Iqamah aren’t a must for the women and it’s incorrect for a woman to call them for men.
- A woman prays behind a man, even if she’s alone. However if a man prays behind another man alone, his prayer is incorrect.
- A woman can’t lead a man in prayer.
- If a woman leads the prayer for other women she must stand in the middle. When a man leads the prayer he stands in front row all alone.
- Congregational prayer is must for the men and not the women.
- The best row for women in congregation is the last and the best row for the men is the first.
- Walking to prayer at night is recommended for men, but not for woman.
- If the imam makes a mistake in prayer the women clap and the men say “ Subhanallah”
- The women don’t have to attend Jumu’ah; and men must attend Jumu’ah .
- Women can’t deliver the sermon for Eid, Jumu’ah, Eclipse prayer and Rain prayer.
- Prayer is invalid when a woman passes in front of a man. And if a man passes in front of another man during prayer, it’s still valid.
- The Eid prayer is an obligation for men, but not for women. However it’s recommended for women to attend if they are safe from fitnah.
- The congregation stands at the head of the deceased man and at the middle of the deceased woman.
- It’s disliked for women to visit the graveyard and it’s recommended for men.
- Women can’t accompany a funeral procession, but men can.
- Women wash and shroud each other and men wash and shroud each other; unless they were spouses.
Zakah and Sadaqah:
- Women are encouraged more than men to give charity.
- A woman can pay Zakah on her children’s and husband’s behalf, but a man can’t pay Zakah on his children’s and wife’s behalf.
- Redemption is a duty for the man and not the woman. This can occur if a man intentionally had relations with his wife during daylight in Ramadan.
- A woman can’t fast voluntarily unless she has her husband’s permission. A man doesn’t need his wife’s permission to fast voluntarily.
- A woman must have a Mahram when travelling.
- A woman mustn’t raise her voice during the Talbeeyah; and a man should raise his voice.
- A woman’s Ihram is the clothes she wears for the journey.
- A man can do Ramal-a slight jog between Safa and Marwa, and around the Ka’bah; and a woman shouldn’t.
- It’s not recommended for the women to try and kiss or touch the black stone during crowding.
- A man can ascend on Safa and Marwa, however a woman mustn’t.
- For a girl one sheep is sacrificed and for a boy two.
Jihad, Battle and Leadership:
- There were no women Prophets or Messengers.
- A woman can’t be a leader for the people or the military.
- The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took the pledge from the men through a handshake and from the women by speech.
- Women aren’t obliged to perform Jihad unlike the men. However there are certain conditions that must be adhered to before the men embark on this obligation.
Marriage , Divorce, Iddah, Kulla’:
- Women are given the Sadaq, not the men.
- Men have the authority for divorce, marriage and giving the Mahr, not the women.
- A man can marry a woman from Ahul Kitab if he knows she frees from Zina. A woman doesn’t have this right.
- A man can have more than one wife. A woman can’t have more than one husband.
- The Waleemah and wedding are the responsibility on the man not the woman.
- It’s permissible for the women to beat the Duff at their wedding. This act isn’t permissible for the men.
- Maintenance and support are the duty of the men not the women.
- A woman is under the authority of her husband. A man isn’t under the authority of his wife.
- A woman can’t have anyone visit her home unless she gets her husband’s permission first. A Man doesn’t need permission for visitors in his home.
- The Angels curse the woman if her husband separates from her bed. The husband doesn’t receive this curse.
- A woman must have her husband’s permission before she leaves home. A man doesn’t need his wife’s permission to leave home.
- A man doesn’t have an ‘Idda unless he wants to marry his ex-wife’s sister or aunt. However if he divorces his fourth wife and wants to remarry, then he must wait until his ex-wife concludes her “Iddah.
Dress and Adornment:
- It’s recommended for a woman to adorn herself in her home for her husband.
- It’s haraam for a woman to imitate a man in his dress.
- It’s an obligation for the women to sag their clothes below her ankles. Sagging pants and thoubs below the ankles is Haraam for men.
- A woman can’t change her clothes unless she’s in her own home. This act doesn’t apply to the men.
- A woman must wear Hijab: cover her face and body.
- Women can wear jewelry.
- Men can’t wear silk, but women can.
Taken from : Kashful Watha’I by Shayk Yahya Al-Hajuri
Translated by Abu Aaliyah Abdullah ibn Dwight Lamont Battle- Adam
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- 724,995 hits | <urn:uuid:068394bf-3358-4fbd-b945-5ad151d07049> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://theclearsunnah.wordpress.com/2010/02/17/the-difference-between-men-and-women-in-islaam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123491.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00365-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923528 | 2,745 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Swain, S. (2018). What price a child? Commodification and Australian adoption practice 1850–1950. The History of the Family,23(1), 1-19. United Kingdom: Routledge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2016.1186558
The issue of premiums has always proved problematic for advocates of benevolent adoption for whom the involvement of money tainted an exchange that was meant to be grounded in love. This paper argues that the shifting relationship between supply and demand has meant that there has always been a market in children and that adoption was one of the more prominent mechanisms used to regulate that exchange. Drawing on a database of 25000 advertisements placed in Australian newspapers during the so-called century of the child, it analyses the ways in which children were rendered desirable in a competitive market. Analysing the more than 3000 advertisements in which it was made clear that money, known at the time as a premium, was to change hands, it casts new light on the commodification process involved in adoption, identifying a mismatch between the preferences of those seeking and those needing to dispose of children. It identifies a market that was highly responsive to the environment in which it was operating and proved remarkably resilient in the face of the increasing regulation of adoption. By viewing adoption through the lens of the market, it questions the notion that the ‘best interests of the child’ have always necessarily prevailed.
School of Arts
Access may be restricted. | <urn:uuid:3ee52c7e-2482-4db0-87f9-3154833ec3b6> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://researchbank.acu.edu.au/fea_pub/4046/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480905.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216170210-20190216192210-00353.warc.gz | en | 0.957244 | 303 | 2.796875 | 3 |
||Tome III||Tome IV|
Newton and the composition of light
The composition of the white light
|In December, 1672,
Newton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and at this meeting a
paper describing his invention of the refracting telescope was read. A
few days later he wrote to the secretary, making some inquiries as to the
weekly meetings of the society, and intimating that he had an account of
an interesting discovery that he wished to lay before the society. When
this communication was made public, it proved to be an explanation of the
discovery of the composition of white light. We have seen that the question
as to the nature of color had commanded the attention of such investigators
as Huygens, but that no very satisfactory solution of the question had
been attained. Newton proved by demonstrative experiments that white light
is composed of the blending of the rays of diverse colors, and that the
color that we ascribe to any object is merely due to the fact that the
object in question reflects rays of that color, absorbing the rest. That
white light is really made up of many colors blended would seem incredible
had not the experiments by which this composition is demonstrated become
familiar to every one. The experiments were absolutely novel when Newton
brought them forward, and his demonstration of the composition of light
was one of the most striking expositions ever brought to the attention
of the Royal Society. It is hardly necessary to add that, notwithstanding
the conclusive character of Newton's work, his explanations did not for
a long time meet with general acceptance.
Newton was led to his discovery by some experiments made with an ordinary glass prism applied to a hole in the shutter of a darkened room, the refracted rays of the sunlight being received upon the opposite wall and forming there the familiar spectrum. "It was a very pleasing diversion," he wrote, "to view the vivid and intense colors produced thereby; and after a time, applying myself to consider them very circumspectly, I became surprised to see them in varying form, which, according to the received laws of refraction, I expected should have been circular. They were terminated at the sides with straight lines, but at the ends the decay of light was so gradual that it was difficult to determine justly what was their figure, yet they seemed semicircular.
"Comparing the length of this colored spectrum
with its breadth, I found it almost five times greater; a disproportion
so extravagant that it excited me to a more than ordinary curiosity of
examining from whence it might proceed. I could scarce think that the various
thicknesses of the glass, or the termination with shadow or darkness, could
have any influence on light to produce such an effect; yet I thought it
not amiss, first, to examine those circumstances, and so tried what would
happen by transmitting light through parts of the glass of divers thickness,
or through holes in the window of divers bigness, or by setting the prism
without so that the light might pass through it and be refracted before
it was transmitted through the hole; but I found none of those circumstances
material. The fashion of the colors was in all these cases the same.
"I then proceeded to examine more critically what might be effected by the difference of the incidence of rays coming from divers parts of the sun; and to that end measured the several lines and angles belonging to the image. Its distance from the hole or prism was 22 feet; its utmost length 13 1/4 inches; its breadth 2 5/8; the diameter of the hole 1/4 of an inch; the angle which the rays, tending towards the middle of the image, made with those lines, in which they would have proceeded without refraction, was 44 degrees 56'; and the vertical angle of the prism, 63 degrees 12'. Also the refractions on both sides of the prism - that is, of the incident and emergent rays - were, as near as I could make them, equal, and consequently about 54 degrees 4'; and the rays fell perpendicularly upon the wall. Now, subducting the diameter of the hole from the length and breadth of the image, there remains 13 inches the length, and 2 3/8 the breadth, comprehended by those rays, which, passing through the centre of the said hole, which that breadth subtended, was about 31', answerable to the sun's diameter; but the angle which its length subtended was more than five such diameters, namely 2 degrees 49'.
"Having made these observations, I first computed from them the refractive power of the glass, and found it measured by the ratio of the sines 20 to 31. And then, by that ratio, I computed the refractions of two rays flowing from opposite parts of the sun's discus, so as to differ 31' in their obliquity of incidence, and found that the emergent rays should have comprehended an angle of 31', as they did, before they were incident.
"But because this computation was founded on the hypothesis of the proportionality of the sines of incidence and refraction, which though by my own experience I could not imagine to be so erroneous as to make that angle but 31', which in reality was 2 degrees 49', yet my curiosity caused me again to make my prism. And having placed it at my window, as before, I observed that by turning it a little about its axis to and fro, so as to vary its obliquity to the light more than an angle of 4 degrees or 5 degrees, the colors were not thereby sensibly translated from their place on the wall, and consequently by that variation of incidence the quantity of refraction was not sensibly varied. By this experiment, therefore, as well as by the former computation, it was evident that the difference of the incidence of rays flowing from divers parts of the sun could not make them after decussation diverge at a sensibly greater angle than that at which they before converged; which being, at most, but about 31' or 32', there still remained some other cause to be found out, from whence it could be 2 degrees 49'."
All this caused Newton to suspect that the rays, after their trajection through the prism, moved in curved rather than in straight lines, thus tending to be cast upon the wall at different places according to the amount of this curve. His suspicions were increased, also, by happening to recall that a tennis-ball sometimes describes such a curve when "cut" by a tennis-racket striking the ball obliquely.
"For a circular as well as a progressive motion being communicated to it by the stroke," he says, "its parts on that side where the motions conspire must press and beat the contiguous air more violently than on the other, and there excite a reluctancy and reaction of the air proportionately greater. And for the same reason, if the rays of light should possibly be globular bodies, and by their oblique passage out of one medium into another acquire a circulating motion, they ought to feel the greater resistance from the ambient ether on that side where the motions conspire, and thence be continually bowed to the other. But notwithstanding this plausible ground of suspicion, when I came to examine it I could observe no such curvity in them. And, besides (which was enough for my purpose), I observed that the difference 'twixt the length of the image and diameter of the hole through which the light was transmitted was proportionable to their distance.
"The gradual removal of these suspicions at length led me to the experimentum crucis, which was this: I took two boards, and, placing one of them close behind the prism at the window, so that the light must pass through a small hole, made in it for the purpose, and fall on the other board, which I placed at about twelve feet distance, having first made a small hole in it also, for some of the incident light to pass through. Then I placed another prism behind this second board, so that the light trajected through both the boards might pass through that also, and be again refracted before it arrived at the wall. This done, I took the first prism in my hands and turned it to and fro slowly about its axis, so much as to make the several parts of the image, cast on the second board, successively pass through the hole in it, that I might observe to what places on the wall the second prism would refract them. And I saw by the variation of these places that the light, tending to that end of the image towards which the refraction of the first prism was made, did in the second prism suffer a refraction considerably greater than the light tending to the other end. And so the true cause of the length of that image was detected to be no other than that LIGHT consists of RAYS DIFFERENTLY REFRANGIBLE, which, without any respect to a difference in their incidence, were, according to their degrees of refrangibility, transmitted towards divers parts of the wall." | <urn:uuid:00946ffe-e672-42d9-bc03-a65e92208e16> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.cosmovisions.com/Williams021101.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542112.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00280-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978688 | 1,888 | 3.484375 | 3 |
I began blogging with $100 Dialysis – the vision. The technical challenge is to develop cheap and perhaps novel means to filter the blood of nitrogenous waste products. Below is an example of three approaches, one is a more user-friendly way to use existing technology, another utilizes nanotech, and the third although not aimed at dialysis is an example of new thinking.
Peritoneal dialysis is a form of dialysis whereby the abdomen lining (called the peritoneum) within the body is used to filter the blood. Simply, the dialysis fluid is pumped into the cavity formed by this natural filter. Once it has absorbed some of the waste from the blood filtered through the peritoneum it is pumped back out again. Not everyone is eligible for periotoneal dialysis, but for those who are the concept of a portable dialysis is very welcome. Progress is definitely being made, have a look here.
Also developing wearable dialysis, but this time using an external device to remove the waste is the Dutch company Nanodialysis. Rather than simply filter the unwanted particles through small pores they get them to adhere to a surface, a process called adsorption. From there they get them to decompose to nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The company claims that not only will this be cheaper (yeah) and more convenient it will also increase life expectancy 10 to 15 years over standard hemodialysis! This is quite an incredible claim and as they are yet to complete animal trials is premature. Nevertheless, it is definitely a space worth watching.
Some clever people in MIT and the National University of Singapore have demonstrated that they can remove bacteria from blood making use of a concept from normal biological process called margination in which leukocytes (white blood cells) adhere to blood vessel walls (see here). Whilst the nitrogenous waste products are much smaller, using fluid flow technology similar to what MIT and NUS have demonstrated may be another way forward. | <urn:uuid:9531704c-9317-4577-8f12-91114700c89e> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://100dialysis.wordpress.com/2012/05/31/hopeful-signs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105970.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820034343-20170820054343-00016.warc.gz | en | 0.953756 | 400 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Get ready for Spring by creating this Parts of a Flower Craft! An activity like this one is not only a fun addition to your science lesson but also a great way for your young learners to work on their fine motor skills.
Parts Of A Flower Craft:
Adding crafts into your lessons is a creative way for your kids to practice developmental skills such as cutting, coloring, and gluing. Practicing these skills will help your preschoolers develop their hand and finger control, writing grip, and much more!
This flower craft is also a fun way to add arts and crafts to your science lesson. It’s a simple activity that can be done in any early childhood classroom, homeschool, or virtual classroom.
What Are Fine Motor Skills?
Fine motor skills are things that children do that involve the coordination between small muscles, like those of the hands and fingers, with their eyes. From holding a pencil to turning the pages in a book, kids use their fine motor skills as they are learning to read and write.
Getting Ready To Make The Parts Of A Flower Craft:
This post may contain affiliate links. Please read our disclosure here.
- Part of a Flower Craft Templates
The templates are in color or black and white. There is also a printable that your kids can glue their flower onto as they create it.
What Else Is Needed:
- White Card Stock or Copy Paper
To get this craft ready for your kids to create, click on the button below and fill out the form. Next, download and print either the black and white or color template. Then, make copies of the templates and gather the supplies for each one of your students.
How To Make The Parts Of A Flower Craft:
After reading a book like From Seed to Plant by Gail Gibbons, your children will practice identifying the parts of a flower when they create this craft.
To begin making this science craft, your kids will color the flower if you are using the black and white template. Next, they will cut out all the parts and labels.
After cutting out the parts of the flower, they will glue the center of the flower, petals, stem, and leaves onto the printable.
Your kids will then glue the seeds, petals, leaves, and stem labels onto their craft. They can also add the flower label on their printable.
This Parts of a Flower Craft is a creative way for your children to learn about flower parts and develop their fine motor skills.
Pin It For Later:
Do you want to save this science craft for later? Pin this to your crafts for kids board on Pinterest and it’ll be here for when you’re ready!
You May Also Like:
These Spring Morning Tubs are fun, independent activities that your students can use to learn and review literacy and math concepts. This set includes 5 literacy and 5 math morning tubs that are perfect for children around the ages of 4-6. Click on the picture to learn more about the resources included!
More Spring Activities for Kids: | <urn:uuid:eb800754-5b94-4f3c-9842-8d7e533f237d> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://abcsofliteracy.com/parts-of-a-flower-craft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988961.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210509062621-20210509092621-00637.warc.gz | en | 0.919832 | 629 | 4.15625 | 4 |
The Beast of Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor, with its brooding atmosphere and mysterious stone circles has inspired many legends.
There have been numerous reported sightings of a big cat on Bodmin Moor since as far back as the 1980's. In the early 1990's, when farmers found their animals savaged, speculation began to circulate in the national press as to whether a big cat, a panther or perhaps a leopard was living wild on the moor. Photographers had captured on film what appeared to be a large catlike creature prowling the moor in the gathering dusk.
There have been around sixty big cat sightings recorded in the area since 1983. The beast is described by those claiming to have seen it as looking like a Black Panther or big cat with large white-yellow eyes and it's size ranges from 3-5 feet long for the body, with a tail of roughly 18-24 inches. The creature makes the usual hissing and growling sounds of a large cat such as a panther but has also been reported to have made noises which sound like a woman screaming.
The Ministry of Agriculture commissioned an investigation in 1995, which concluded that there was 'no verifiable evidence' that the beast existed, and concluded that that the mauled sheep could have been attacked by animals common in Briitain. However the government report also stated that "the investigation could not prove that a 'big cat' is not present."
Despite their report many of the locals remain convinced that there a big cat, or perhaps a number of them, roaming wild on the moor. In October 1997, officials from Newquay Zoo claimed to identify pawprints left in mud to the south of Bodmin Moor as the tracks of a puma.
Shortly afterwards, the skull of a big cat with large fangs was in fact discovered in the River Fowey by a fourteen year old boy and sent to the Natural History Museum for identification, who following a thorough examination revealed it to be that of a young Indian leopard. However, closer inspection revealed that inside the skull was the egg case of a tropical cockroach, a species that cannot possibly survive in the wild in Britain, the back of the skull contained knife marks, such as can often be found on leopard skin rugs. The museum therefore concluded that far from being the remains of the Beast of Bodmin Moor the skull had in fact been taken from a leopard-skin rug.
A video, released in August, 1998, appears to be of a large cat measuring around three feet. Some authorities are of the opinion that it could depict a species of wild cat thought to have become extinct in Britain over a century ago. In 1998, video footage was released showing a black animal around three and a half feet long. The video was described by curator of Newquay Zoo and wild cat expert as 'the best evidence yet' that big cats do indeed roam Bodmin Moor
A number of farm animal mutilations on Bodmin Moor occured in November 1999, when a calf and two sheep were attacked and torn apart by an unknown creature, a high tech option was introduced into the quest for the Beast of Bodmin Moor and a motion-activated infrared video camera was installed on the moor.
Large claw marks found at Trewithen Gardens near Truro in 2011, backed up a sighting of head gardener Gary Long, who glimpsed a "very large black cat-like creature".
In 2014 an amateur photographer captured what he believes may be the legendary beast on film, Henry Warren aged 19, was taking pictures in fields near his home on the edge of Bodmin Moor when a large cat like creature leapt out into the field front of him. The student managed to take several frames before the animal dissapeared into undergrowth.
Mr Warren has since stated ' "It was absolutely massive and was hoping up and down like a large cat. There's no way it could have been fox, a dog or anything else like that. "It ran around 60 metres in just a few seconds and was leaping in the air with it's front two legs first." | <urn:uuid:09de4a16-96e2-4beb-b28f-df5d2cebacac> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://cornwalltour.co.uk/beast_of_bodmin_moor.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886237.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116070444-20180116090444-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.982099 | 841 | 3.21875 | 3 |
1. Explore force, energy, and motion with artful physics!
Inclined Plane Painting (Ramps) - BIA SFClubhouse
Marbles in Motion (Gravity, Energy, Inclined Plane) - Harris County Public Library
Snap Art (Force, Potential vs. Kinetic Energy) - Capital B
2. Learn about solids, liquids, and gases with artful matter!
Featured Above (From left to right):
Liquids to Solids
1. Color Changing Glue Art - School at St. George Place
2. Plastic Milk - Austin Kids
3. Colored Glue Drawings - Art with Mrs. Smith
Solids to Liquids
1. Paint with watercolor and watch a solid transform into a liquid!
2. Ice Cube Painting - CertaPro
Air, It's There!
2. Bubble Prints - Family Fun
Liquids and Solids
1. Magic Salt Painting - Spoonful
Paper Towel Fusion (not pictured) - Sprout 'n' Wings | <urn:uuid:dc9f1ba2-3999-4584-bfe3-d4ca908ae500> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://eisforexplore.blogspot.com/2012/10/artful-science.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170425.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00342-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.79919 | 218 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Moon and Antares
A big bonfire burns hotter than a small campfire. And the same thing applies to the stars — sort of. The core of a big, heavy star is many millions of degrees hotter than the core of a small, lightweight star. But at the surface, it can be just the opposite — a big star can be cooler than a small star.
For a prime example, look to the lower right of the Moon at first light tomorrow for Antares, the bright orange heart of Scorpius, the scorpion.
Antares is one of the biggest, heaviest stars in our part of the galaxy. It’s about 15 times as massive as the Sun, and hundreds of times wider.
Antares is so heavy that gravity squeezes its core tightly. That heats the core to hundreds of millions of degrees — far hotter than the core of the Sun. That allows the star to “burn” successively heavier elements, creating new elements as it does so.
Because the core is so hot, it produces intense radiation, which exerts pressure on the layers of gas around the core. That causes Antares’s outer layers to puff up like a giant balloon. As those layers puff up, they get cooler. So Antares’s surface is several thousand degrees cooler than the surface of the much smaller Sun. And since a star’s surface temperature determines its color, Antares glows reddish-orange.
Even though it’s cool, Antares is tens of thousands of times brighter than the Sun. That makes it easily visible in our sky even though it’s 550 light-years away.
Script by Damond Benningfield, Copyright 2012 | <urn:uuid:fa887ddf-7512-4a40-983f-fb7bd31abbc9> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | https://www.stardate.org/print/9621 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982296020.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195816-00006-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892411 | 354 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Health-and-safety issues are everyone's business. Management may be legally liable for the accidents of its workers, but workers need to take care of themselves too. Accidents do happen. But here are some ideas for reducing and eliminating them:
Make health and safety a top priority. Let your people know how you feel about the subject, and what your mutual obligations are.
Deal with unsafe practices immediately. Make no exceptions. Allowing them to continue simply sets a dangerous precedent.
Get involved in finding ways to improve.
Find new and better ways of ensuring safety, even if you have the best record around. Keep yourself knowledgeable about current legislation and your role and responsibilities.
Always assume that whatever can happen will happen. Be proactive. Anticipate possible accidents and prioritize them in terms of probability and severity. Establish guidelines for dealing with accidents.
Review your health-and-safety rules, especially when they change. They are usually available on a special bulletin board.
Share responsibility for health and safety with your team. Appoint a coordinator who can ensure that peers maintain safe practices. This person may serve on the health-and-safety committee.
Participate in departmental meetings to review problems, statistics, and procedures.
Spread ownership for health-and-safety issues by getting your workers to present a short related topic at each meeting. Your encouragement, plus a prize for the best presentation, might act as an incentive.
Beware of fatigue caused by excessive work demands. Fatigue reduces people's concentration and makes them more vulnerable to accidents. People can fall asleep or make mistakes that might otherwise not happen.
Learn the proper and safe methods of using machinery and equipment. If hazards are high, training needs to be thorough. Procedures should be documented and properly enforced.
Keep the environment as safe as possible and maintain good house-keeping practices: repair damaged flooring, improve inadequate lighting, and replace poorly constructed furniture.
Report and record all accidents, no matter how minor. These statistics will help you analyze trends, pinpoint problems, and confirm the results of corrective actions.
Always have on staff an adequate number of people with current first-aid certification.
Use appropriate safety protection always, but remember that protective gear is a last defence against injury, not a replacement for safety. Always stop work when conditions are hazardous.
Encourage a team approach. Reward and recognize people for taking care of one another.
Help new employees to learn and practise safety. Make sure that they are fully briefed on your health-and-safety rules. | <urn:uuid:074a4c4c-6bcb-4a33-8506-475f9c31cbd1> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/career_coach/lib0089.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662058.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00292-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941574 | 519 | 3.109375 | 3 |
This illustrated history portrays one of England's finest counties.
It provides a nostalgic look at Hampshire's past and highlights the special character of some of its most important historic sites. The photographs are taken from the Historic England Archive, a unique collection of over 12 million photographs, drawings, plans and documents covering England’s archaeology, architecture, social and local history.
Pictures date from the earliest days of photography to the present and cover subjects from Bronze Age burials and medieval churches to cinemas and seaside resorts. The two largest cities in the county of Hampshire, lying on the south coast of England, are the ports of Southampton and Portsmouth, but the county is also known for its smaller ancient towns and villages and the cathedral city of Winchester.
Many visitors also come to the former royal hunting forest of the New Forest, to the South Downs that cross the county, and to coastal resorts.
Hampshire has long been associated with the armed forces, such as at Aldershot and Andover.
The area around Southampton and Portsmouth was a major embarkation point for D-Day in the Second World War and suffered heavily from aerial bombardment, but today it is one of the most densely populated conurbations in the country. | <urn:uuid:06508a05-98b3-4f88-bb0b-f0150bc9ee1b> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://books.telegraph.co.uk/Product/Philip-MacDougall/Historic-England-Hampshire--Unique-Images-from-the-Archiv/23729166 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141753148.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20201206002041-20201206032041-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.960833 | 252 | 3.109375 | 3 |
According to Sparse Dictionary Learning (wiki),
Sparse dictionary learning is a representation learning method which aims at finding a sparse representation of the input data (also known as sparse coding) in the form of a linear combination of basic elements as well as those basic elements themselves. These elements are called atoms and they compose a dictionary. Atoms in the dictionary are not required to be orthogonal, and they may be an over-complete spanning set.
I think matrix factorization methods require their basis (a column of $W$ in $V \approx WH$) to be orthogonal? How does Dictionary Learning work differently from matrix factorization? | <urn:uuid:52d3c47d-9d80-461d-b420-ff602c464620> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/451810/why-atoms-in-the-dictionary-of-dictionary-learning-method-are-not-required-to-be | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00597.warc.gz | en | 0.942034 | 134 | 2.515625 | 3 |
I begin with the Name of Allaah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
“My Lord! Bestow Hukm (Wisdom) on me, and join me with the righteous. And grant me an honorable mention in later generations. And make me one of the inheritors of the Paradise of Delight.”Qur’an 26:83-85
Each man was born without a record and depending on his duration on the face of earth, he leaves this world with records of his deeds and actions written for or against him. History bears testimony to two categories of people; those whose existence was a blessing not only to themselves but to those who lived around them, and those whose existence was nothing but a catastrophe and a calamity. There will always be this dichotomy viz-a-viz the two types of forces; the forces of good and the forces of evil.
Every morning that man wakes up, he is faced with a new card to play with and depending on how he plays it, he either draws closer to Allaah or gets farther away from Him. This has been alluded to by the Prophet (peace be upon him) when he said, “Every person starts his day as a vendor of his soul, either freeing it or causing its ruin.” Sahih Muslim. Undoubtedly, it is the culmination of each day of a person’s life that defines his worth when he is alive and even after he is long gone, buried beneath the sod. This was aptly captured in a statement famously attributed to Imam Ash-Shafi’ that, “some people have passed away but their character has kept them alive, others are alive, but their character has killed them.”
Obviously, living a life of piety and righteousness was the dominant aspiration of all the messengers of Allaah and coupled with that, was the desire to leave behind a worthy legacy. The verse of the Qur’an referenced above is a convenient one to demonstrate how passionate Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him) was, in wanting to leave behind a worthy legacy. He is the best of all Prophets after Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), yet he asked Allaah may He be Exalted, in the words of the Qur’an, “And grant me an honorable mention in later generations…” Ibn Katheer, under the Tafseer of this verse said that it means, `cause me to be remembered in a good manner after my death, so that I will be spoken of and taken as a good example.’
For this reason, it is pertinent upon each individual to seek the company of the righteous while alive and even strive to be from among the righteous. Each step taken, each word spoken, each word not spoken, each gesture of either approval or disapproval, each inaction, each advocacy or inadvocacy, are all part of the history man leaves behind for later generations. Someone said it so eloquently that, ‘those who will come after us will be better than us or worse than us because of us.”
Furthermore, it should be the desire of each person to see that he is conscious of his actions because whether he is aware that his existence affects others either positively or negatively or he is unaware of that, the fact still remains, that man does not live in isolation and as such he forms the fabric of the society he lives in. Allaah, may He be Exalted, says; “So, let not this present life deceive you, and let not the chief deceiver (Satan) deceive you about Allaah .Qur’an 35:5. Again, Ibn Katheer in commenting on this verse said, it means, `this life is as nothing in compare to the great good that Allaah has promised to His close friends and the followers of His Messengers, so do not let these transient attractions distract you from that which is lasting.’
In conclusion, whatever we are doing, the world is watching, some are desperate (seeking for means of survival) so they do not talk, while others are dignified (minding their business) so they do not talk, but be rest assured that the world is watching. Each person has a choice to either strive to leave behind a worthy legacy or a worthless one.
Mr Abdul (Penabdul), an architect, is the Chairman/CEO of Sustainable Project Works (SPW) Ltd & a Lecturer at Baze University, Abuja. Twitter: @Penabdull Instagram: @Penabdul | <urn:uuid:1648baef-18d1-445f-b9d6-5cd62b0efdae> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://dailynigerian.com/friday-sermon-when-we-are-gone-by-abu-jabir-abdullah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578530100.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421000555-20190421022555-00334.warc.gz | en | 0.967015 | 940 | 2.59375 | 3 |
One of the important and fundamental topics in deep learning technology!!!
Before moving to tensor let us see what Deep Learning is?
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning. It is a field that is based on learning and improving on its own by examining computer algorithms. While machine learning uses simpler concepts, deep learning works with artificial neural networks, which are designed to imitate how humans think and learn. We all know TensorFlow and PyTorch libraries are deep learning frameworks.
Tensors are the data structure used by machine learning systems, and getting to know them is an essential…
In this modern world, I presume that most of us are conversant with new loads of industries that use computer vision applications. In particular, a CCTV surveillance camera and video analysis, which are contributing towards a major role in computer vision technology.
For instance, when we analyze a CCTV camera, as a first step, we should read RTSP URL using OpenCV, then we should store it somewhere in the cloud to analyze it further.
But the problem is, when we upload the frames one after the other into the cloud, it will take some time to upload, won’t it?
Before playing with the code, let us see the libraries that need to be installed on your Ubuntu machine.
Below are the three python files that are just enough to achieve this!!!
The above image showed the input (left) and output (right). Let’s see how to auto rotate the image without manual rotation. These days, computer vision has evolved so much all over the world. I just played and implemented a small technique to auto rotate images using computer vision.
Steps to auto rotate the images:
Before going to implement this technique we will see what are…
Why do You want to become a data scientist?
Why? Why? This is a very important question to ask yourself before changing the direction of your career. Answer to that will lead you to your destination. How? Let us assume, you are a software developer having a well-established experience. Why then? Some developers are thinking if they are good at data science, they can make more money being a data scientist than a software developer. And they do have an assumption of getting placed into a new role since many companies are hiring for data scientists. …
These days, many people implement computer vision applications. Do you think is it very difficult to learn and implement? my answer is NO because nowadays a lot of libraries available to implement such a powerful computer vision application. Recently have you watched the TensorFlow summit 2020? This year TensorFlow team announced a lot of cool things for us. Here we are going to see how we can implement computer vision applications using tensorflow.js models!!
Before reading this blog, Please Check out my previous Part I blog because this blog continues from part 1.
As you see above image, Take a look at the tenant table which is the parent table for all the tables. The tenant table is playing a very important role in the multitenant applications.
Step 1:- Create a tenant Model in models.py file
tenant = models.ForeignKey(Tenant, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta:
abstract = True
Step 2:- Now, we have to inherit TenantModel to add tenant_id in child tables. …
Linear regression is the first step to learn the concept of machine learning. When you start to say that you are going to learn machine learning; Firstly, we will think that we should have a confident base in mathematics and basic equation. Do not worry I will guide you to learn the linear regression algorithm at a very basic step. Let’s start the learning part. Going further, since it is a beginner level we will not dive-in into linear regression mathematical formula.
Multi-tenancy is an architecture in which a single instance of a software application serves multiple customers. Each customer is called a tenant.
Types of Multi-tenancy Models:-
1. Instance Replication Model:- The system spins a new instance for every tenant. This is easier to start, but hard to scale. It becomes a nightmare when 100s of tenants signup.
2. Data Segregation Model:- There are two types of approach in a data segregation model. The first approach is a separate Database for each tenant and the second one is a single database for all tenant.
Part 1, Let us see how we…
I will walk through my experience of speech technology. Everybody thinks the speech is just sound. NO, it’s not!! In the software world, speech is our data. HOW??
Right now, The world is growing fast with a technology called artificial intelligence and machine learning. Speech technology is growing one of a big part in machine learning and Artifical intelligence world. How?? The only thing is the DATA. So, How to get the data?? We can get the data in many ways(Social media, e-commerce ) But here we are getting data from speech!!!
We have a lot of open source repository… | <urn:uuid:df9842ff-5089-4867-ab06-25e3fa164e11> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://balavenkatesh.medium.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178362481.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20210301090526-20210301120526-00048.warc.gz | en | 0.924261 | 1,049 | 2.640625 | 3 |
What exactly led to the wonderful clearance of air pollution last night? The Defra forecast for today says, "Air pollution levels will be Low for the whole of the UK today due to brisk westerly winds". That makes all kinds of sense. And so I was surprised when I looked at the data my sensors gathered last night and realised that the steep drop in PM2.5 pollution began hours before wind speeds began to increase.
Below is a bit of a busy, untidy graph, but bear with me. It's a quick mash up using a number of different graphs all displaying data for the same period of time, and superimposed on top of each other.
A puzzling picture
The first thing to note is the dark blue line for PM2.5 dropping from a peak of 50ug/m³ at about 2100hrs yesterday down to less than 5ug/m³ by 1000hrs today. The steepest drop occurs in the period highlighted in pink on the graph.
The second thing to note is the time at which wind speed (yellow line for gusts, light blue line for average, wind scale on left axis in mph) begins to pick up, about midnight. In fact wind speeds do not begin to increase above their previous (high PM2.5 concentration) values until after the pink region, ie. after the steepest drop in PM2.5 has occured. If anything the wind speed is lower in the pink region, although not by much. This is counter-intuitive!
The third thing to note is that the wind speed does actually pick up after midnight and the drop in PM2.5 continues in that period with peaks in wind speed correlating with dips in PM2.5 concentration. This is as expected.
It's a puzzler. How has the pollution dropped so rapidly without wind increasing? That leads to ...
The fourth thing to note. Atmospheric pressure - the green line (there is no scale for this, but peak is about 1032hPa, and minimum around 1022hPa) - begins its drop at precisely the same time that PM2.5 hits its peak and begins to fall. I do not want to clutter up the graph above any more, so I have not included the temperature readings on it. However, you can see from the set of graphs below (from which I extracted the pressure and wind lines for my mashup) that the beginning of the change in pressure correlates with a marked change in air temperature too.
Atmospheric pressure is very revealing, we find it hard to observe without instrumentation of some kind (apart from those who can feel a storm coming "in their bones"), but monitoring it reveals that there is a lot of activity going on around us that we cannot see or feel directly. I need to do some checking, but I would imagine that this change in air pressure was associated with a warm front moving over Eastbourne, introducing a fresh mass of air. This would correlate with the rapid drop in PM2.5 with the pressure change. The Met office pressure chart for noon on Saturday includes a warm front over northern France which could quite easily be the culprit we are looking for.
The wind picked up after front moved past which led to new pollution being blown away 3 hours later. Speculation at this point. I need to brush up on my weather fronts meteorology. | <urn:uuid:2176031c-fc23-436a-9086-765fe287c464> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://e.brx.io/2019/01/12/gone-with-the-wind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304947.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126101419-20220126131419-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.962695 | 695 | 2.671875 | 3 |
681 The Beginning
The establishment of a Bulgarian state by Khan Asparukh on the Balkan peninsula is one of the most remarkable political events in Europe in the 7th century after the Great Migration.
855 The Alphabet
The first Bulgarian alphabet – the glagolitical one, was created by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. At the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century a second Bulgarian alphabet is developed in Preslav, the Cyrillic alphabet. It consists of 24 letters based on the Greek script and 12 signs taken from the glagolitic script. Today nearly 15 million people around the world speak Bulgarian and the Cyrillic alphabet is the third official alphabet of the European Union.
864 Conversion to Christianity
The adoption of Christianity has a great historic significance for Bulgaria because it leads to the establishment of the Bulgarian church, the advancement of Slavic literature and the evolution from Khanate to Tsardom and a sovereign state in Europe.
893-927 "The golden age"
This is how the rule of Simeon the Great is known. The books written in that period mark the beginning of the Old Bulgarian Literature. Simeon's victories on the battlefield help expand the territory of the Bulgarian state from the Black sea to the Aegean and the Adriatic. In analogy with the emperor of the Franks, Charlemagne, Simeon also remains in history as The Great.
1018-1185 Under Byzantine rule
In 1014 the Byzantine emperor Basil II defeated the army of tsar Samuil and blinded 15 000 captured soldiers. The Bulgarian tsar dies two months later and the internal conflicts for succession further weakened the Bulgarian state. Thus, at the end of 1019, Basil II managed to take control of the whole country and put an end to the first Bulgarian Tsardom.
1185-1396 Second Bulgarian Tsardom
A Bulgarian uprising against the Byzantine rule, led by the Bulgarian boyars Petar and Assen, marks the beginning of the Second Bulgarian Tsardom which during the rule of tsar Ivan Assen II expands and borders three seas. It is the most powerful state in South-Eastern Europe. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is also reestablished.
1396-1878 Under Ottoman rule
Bulgaria is the first Balkan country which falls under the rule of the expanding Ottoman empire. The foreign occupation destroys all administrative, legal, fiscal, military, cultural and other institutions. The Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian elite and the entire state cease to exist.
1762 Bulgarian National Awakening
Due to the foreign occupation, the Bulgarian awakening also known as Renaissance starts only in the 18th century. Its beginning was heralded by the book "History of the Slav-Bulgarians" written by Paisius of Hilendar in 1762.
1876 The April uprising
The April uprising ignites the revolutionary surge in the country. The extremely violent suppression provokes indignation in Europe and the United States. Writers like Victor Hugo and Fyodor Dostoevsky express their support for Bulgaria. Although unsuccessful to achieve its goals, the uprising is important because of the international reaction that follows.
1878 The Liberation
On 3 March 1878 a preliminary Peace Treaty of San Stefano is signed that puts an end to the war between Russia and Turkey which starts a year earlier. Bulgaria is recognised as an autonomous country. Only three months later, the Berlin Treaty signed by the Great Powers divides the country into Bulgarian principality, the autonomous region of Eastern Rumelia while Eastern Thrace, The Aegean region and Macedonia are returned to Turkey.
1885 The Unification
On 6 September 1885 rebels from Eastern Rumelia start the unification with the principality of Bulgaria with the consent of prince Alexander Battenberg. A new government which officially proclaims the unification is sworn in.
On 22 September 1908 the Independence of Bulgaria is proclaimed with a manifesto issued by prince Ferdinand who assumes the title of tsar. This ends the dependent status of Bulgaria from the Ottoman empire, imposed by the Berlin treaty.
1914-1918 World War I
Bulgaria takes part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers. The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine of 1919 imposes heavy sanctions on the country.
1939-1945 World War II
After staying neutral in the initial stages of the war, Bulgaria joins the war in 1941 as a non-participating ally of Nazi Germany. The plans to deport the Bulgarian Jews are not implemented due to the opposition of Bulgarian politicians, priests and citizens.
1946-1989 People's Republic of Bulgaria
After 9 September 1944 the monarchy is replaced by a government of the National front. In 1946 Bulgaria becomes a People's republic. The Bulgarian communist party imposes a totalitarian regime and nationalises industry while the land is united in cooperatives. Bulgaria falls under Soviet influence, among other so-called socialist countries.
1989 The end of Communism
The longstanding head of state Todor Zhivkov is ousted and a multi-party system is introduced. The Constitution of 1991 declares Bulgaria as a parliamentary republic with a one camera national assembly, directly elected president and guaranteed human rights and freedoms.
2004 Bulgaria joins NATO
On 29 March 2004 Bulgaria joins NATO after diplomatic efforts that last 14 years.
2007 Bulgaria in the European Union
Bulgaria chooses its European future and as early as 1990 applies for EU membership. The European Union treaty of accession is signed in 2005 and Bulgaria becomes a full member on 1 January 2007.
2018 Bulgarian presidency of the EU Council
Eleven years after joining the EU, Bulgaria will hold the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union for the first time. | <urn:uuid:b58cca57-aa41-4eb1-bfe7-4fce76b51d9d> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | http://popeinbulgaria.gov.bg/en/About-Bulgaria/HISTORY/tabsss1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943809.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322082826-20230322112826-00233.warc.gz | en | 0.930798 | 1,172 | 3.546875 | 4 |
This pulse of bird droppings happened 15 minutes before the earthquake. I've always wondered how the fault goes from static to dynamic friction, and follows a plane. Now I know, it's like lightning making a plasma channel before it strikes. Only in this case it is the final movements before dynamic friction, the whole plane slides slowly to the critical displacement. At that point, dilation stops it, and it is in 'ready' mode for 15 minutes. Then, boom. This must give a magnetic signal that we can't pick up over the noise of everyday thunderstorms. But birds can. It's like picking up a conversation in a loud room, if somebody says your name. We just have to figure it out.
ps. if this gives a subtle signal, then the same signal (up by a factor of 10) hits the birds when the fault moves. That's probably why they fly, they are about to get a slamming headache.
pps. This could be solved by proposing the positive hypothesis. Then you need a lot of EM and magnetic measurements, none in Ohio. Then you can hit it two ways: Model a current spreading out on the fault and calculate the magnetic signal. Then extract the theoretical signal from the noise. Or you could feed the signals to a neural machine, and treat it like voice recognition. You'll never see a clean signal, but the birds know. | <urn:uuid:8f40ddff-bb57-4170-9a83-da5a974d013f> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://ontario-geofish.blogspot.com/2016/09/earthquakes-are-like-lightning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823839.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020063725-20171020083725-00138.warc.gz | en | 0.932674 | 282 | 3 | 3 |
The purpose of this interdisciplinary studio was to assist the municipality of Maradu in the state of Kerala in Southern India by preparing a report to inform the local government’s city-wide sanitation planning process. A group of thirteen students from the fields of architecture, environmental engineering, public Health and urban planning worked under the guidance of Drs. Samina Raja and Korydon Smith to gather, analyze, and synthesize relevant information. Students traveled to southern India for three weeks to collect primary data on current drinking water sources, waste and wastewater management, and public health, and produced a report to assist the municipal government. The report, which includes a list of twenty-eight recommendations, was shared with the municipal government and key partners. Key findings included the need for improved and enlarged water and waste infrastructure for serving a growing population.The studio was conducted in partnership with Center for Science and Environment and supported in part by the UB Community of Global Health Equity. | <urn:uuid:b24f8100-6932-4e3f-b42e-afd52a1b5c6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://foodsystemsplanning.ap.buffalo.edu/project/kerala-acting-collectively-for-equity-ace-public-health-equity-through-improved-water-sanitation-and-waste-management-in-maradu-kerala-india-spring-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934803944.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20171117204606-20171117224606-00693.warc.gz | en | 0.949424 | 195 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Many of the computer science courses offered to students are using Lego Mindstorms NXT. In order to enable the students who do not have a Lego robot to further broaden the knowledge they newly gained during a module or workshop, a simulator was created. The NXT codes are interpreted by the simulation environment and the robot conducts the actions in a virtual world.
The simulator supports most real programs, especially those used in go4IT! workshops and those many students are familiar with.
- Virtual 3D environment that can be edited easily. Walls can be created (for tactile and distance sensor) or the ground's color can be changed (for light sensor).
- The robot's sensors and outputs are freely configurable.
- In the network mode, different robots can interact together in one virtual world.
Option 1: Development Environment BricxCC with Integrated Simulator (recommended)
Please note that the Lego simulator is currently only envisaged to be used with BricxCC. Thus, we recommend downloading the complete package of development environment and integrated simulator. Furthermore, we provide step-by-step instructions.
Manual for Lego simulator: Anleitung.pdf
Development Environment (BricxCC) with Integrated Simulator: BricxCC+Simulator.zip
Option 2: Simulator Only (if Option 1 is not doable)
If you are not able to do without your current development environment (or cannot replace it), it is also possible to download the simulator detached from the development environment. This is not recommended since problems may arise. Currently the standalone simulator (this means detached from a development environment) is available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.
Windows: legosimulator-win-r40.zip (30.05.2011)
Mac OS X: legosimulator-mac-r40.zip (30.05.2011)
With the following instructions, you can generate runnable code for the simulator without NXT-Brick:
Open command line (hold windows key and press R, enter cmd, press enter key) -In the command line go to the BricxCC register on your hard drive (e.g. cd C:\BricxCC) -Start the compiler (translator) with the command: nbc C:\Path_to_your_file\test.nxc -O=c:\Path_to_your_file\test.rxe
The generated file can be executed by the simulator and can be opened in the program by the button in the upper left-hand corner
Please note that the simulator does not run on all computers with recent operating systems (MS Windows 7 and 8). Though the error can be reproduced the cause is still unknown. The simulator works on both 32 bit and 64 bit operating systems and was successfully tested on various machines with a minimum of 1 GB RAM. AMD and Intel Processors of varying generations as well as dedicated graphic solutions by NVIDIA and Ati and Intel-Onboard Graphic chips were employed. Successful test systems were (among others): Asus Eee PC 1015, Schenker A501, Lenovo ThinkPad Edge 13, Lenovo ThinkCentre M58p and Lenovo ThinkCentre M57e.
Please check if your operating system and drivers are updated. Which version of Java you use is not important since the simulator is implemented in C++.
Furthermore, please note that some virus scanners report a 'general behavior detection'. If this is the case, please add the simulator to the list of exceptions.
Additionally, there exists a version for mobile devices with an android operating system.
Android: RoboSim-Android.apk (05-30-2011)
Attention: This project was a former bachelor thesis by Torsten Kammer. Therefore, an unrestricted support is not available any longer. However, we still try to help with difficulties and problems. Please use our Contact Form.
The simulator is now available as Open Source. Interested parties can find further information under: https://github.com/cochrane/RoboSim | <urn:uuid:b497ff34-13b8-435d-8ba6-7ec6b4d3c25c> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://schuelerlabor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/en/node/91 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704799741.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210126104721-20210126134721-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.888897 | 833 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Do you or a loved one have cataracts? A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s lens that affects vision. According to the National Eye Institute, by age 80, more than half of all Americans will either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.
Medicare can help. Medicare Part B covers cataract surgery, and after surgery Medicare helps pay for cataract glasses, contact lenses, or intraocular lenses you get from an ophthalmologist.
Cataracts often come with age—they affect the vision of about half of all people between 65 and 74. Your risk for cataracts also may increase through long term exposure to sunlight, if you have diabetes, or if you smoke. New eyeglasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses, or magnifying lenses may help your symptoms. If not, you may need surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial lens.
June is Cataract Awareness Month. Visit the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health to learn more about cataracts. | <urn:uuid:53eee71e-fc3c-4e32-8019-bbf183fca2b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.medicare.gov/blog/is-your-vision-cloudy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662530066.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519204127-20220519234127-00095.warc.gz | en | 0.93667 | 226 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The Church of the United Brethren in Christ founded Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio, in 1847. The college was originally known as the Otterbein University of Ohio and received its charter from the state in 1849. Admitting eight students in 1847, the school graduated its first class in 1857. The college was named after Philip William Otterbein, one of the founders of the United Brethren Church. The Church of the United Brethren later merged with the United Methodist Church.
From its beginning, Otterbein has taken pride in the diversity of its students. From the outset, the college admitted women as well as men and permitted them to pursue the same programs of study. At most colleges, women did not take the same classes as men, because many people believed that women could not handle the stress of a traditional college schedule. Otterbein's founders disagreed and women were successful at the college from the beginning. The first two students to receive diplomas from Otterbein were women. Following the example set by Oberlin College, Otterbein was one of the first colleges in the United States to admit students of any race. The school was also one of the first coeducational colleges in the United States to hire women as faculty members. Otterbein students were involved in a number of reform movements in the nineteenth century. Many students became involved in abolitionism, women's rights, and temperance activities.
Otterbein has also had a long history of both faculty and students having a significant voice in decision-making at the college. For faculty, this tradition goes back to the 1850s and 1860s. Students began to have more of a voice after World War II. | <urn:uuid:cccfcfee-f142-4fc8-93b3-95b3a2fbcf86> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Otterbein_College?rec=788 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195527196.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190721185027-20190721211027-00222.warc.gz | en | 0.98768 | 358 | 3.421875 | 3 |
“Across” in a Sentence (with Audio)
across (adv, prep): from one side to the other of something with clear limits, such as an area of land, a road, or a river; on the opposite side of
Use “across” in a sentence
My house is just across the street.
There is a house across the stream.
I saw them walking across the street.
I can swim across the river.
He walked across the field.
I can see some people walking across the street.
Back to “3000 Most Common Words in English” | <urn:uuid:62a15f4a-5237-4076-baab-cba444c55d12> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://basicenglishspeaking.com/across/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046152085.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210805224801-20210806014801-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.956926 | 129 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Quiz on the New Nation
Digital History ID 3744
1. When George Washington became president in 1790, the population of the United States was approximately:
a. 500,000 b. 1 million c. 4 million d. 10 million
2. How many cities in the United States had more than 25,000 people in 1790?
a. none b. two c. ten d. 100
3. How many mechanized mills or factories existed in the United States in 1790?
a. none b. two c. ten d. 1000
4. Which of the following statements about the U.S. Constitution is TRUE?
a. The Constitution specified that there would be federal district and appeals courts. b. The Constitution specified that the president should personally run the executive branch. c. The Constitution specified that there should be departments of State, Treasury, and War. d. All of the above e. None of the above
5. Which of the following proposals by Alexander Hamilton was NOT approved by Congress?
a. That the federal government assume the indebtedness of the states b. That the new nation create a Bank of the United States modeled on the Bank of England c. That the United States aid its infant industries by imposing a high tariff on imported goods and fund internal improvements in transportation
6. The United States established its national capital in Washington, D.C. because
a. Washington was located halfway between New England and Georgia b. George Washington provided the land for the capital near his home at Mount Vernon c. of a compromise between Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that gained Southern support for Hamilton's plan to pay off Revolutionary war debts
Copyright 2021 Digital History | <urn:uuid:0666b149-45ef-4a48-ae54-4c772d029ccf> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=13&psid=3744 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711344.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20221208150643-20221208180643-00480.warc.gz | en | 0.922207 | 356 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Mortality Rates in Arizona
- Arizona Population: 7,278,717 (14th highest)
- Population Density: 65.33 per square mile (31st most dense)
- Median Age: 38.5 (19th youngest)
- Deaths Per Year: 59,282 per year
- Annual Deaths Per 100,000: 826.6
- Life Expectancy at Birth: 78.7
- Fertility Rate (births per 1,000 women age 15-44): 56.7 (14th lowest rate)
Leading Causes of Death in Arizona
|Cause of Death||Deaths Per Year||Deaths Per 100,000||National Rank|
|Accidents (includes vehicle accidents)
|Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma)
|Liver Disease / Cirrhosis
|Hypertension (high blood pressure)
|Pneumonia + Flu (nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome)
Between 2010 and 2019, Arizona’s population increased by 13.9%, making Arizona the nation’s 7th fastest growing state—despite Arizona’s fertility rate being 14th
Arizona’s annual rate of deaths per 100,000 population is 13th lowest among U.S. states. Adjusted for age, Arizona’s rate is 10th
The average life expectancy at birth for Arizonans is even with the overall U.S. rate. Male life expectancy in Arizona is a little below the national average, and female life expectancy is a little higher.
Arizona is among the states with the ten lowest rates of death due to heart disease, stroke, septicemia, and kidney disease. This is likely to be the reason why we here at IBUSA seem to find a lot of applicants applying from Arizona are able to qualify for a no medical exam life insurance policy vs a traditional term life insurance policy which will require one to provide a blood and urine sample before being approved for coverage.
Arizona has the nation’s 9th and 10th highest rates of liver disease and hypertension-related deaths, respectively.
With 251 deaths per 100,000 population, Arizona has the nation’s 6th highest rate of COVID-19 deaths through August, 2021.
Life Style Choices
With 2.7 deaths per 100,000 workers, Arizona rates as the 2nd safest state for workers in the Southwest (behind only California).
Firearms and Homicide
Arizona has a firearm injury mortality rate of 15.1 per 100,000—16th highest in the U.S. Arizona’s homicide rate is even with the overall national rate.
Suicide and Violent Crimes
Arizona has the nation’s 13th highest suicide rate.
In 2020, Arizona’s violent-crime rate per 100,000 was the nation’s 10th
U.S. Dept of Ag., Economic Research Service, https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?ID=17827 (citing U.S. Census Bureau, 2019).
StatsAmerica (Ind. Bus. Research Center), Median Age in 2019.
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Fertility Rates by State (2019).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Stats of the States (2021).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, State & Territorial Data (2018 – 2019).
Kaiser Family Foundation, Number of Deaths per 100,000 Population (2019).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Life Expectancy at Birth by State (2018).
CDC, Division of Vital Statistics, National Vital Statistics Report (2018).
New York Times, Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count (Aug. 2, 2021).
CDC, State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation System, Map of Current Cigarette Use Among Adults (2018).
Statista, Percentage of Adults with Obesity in the United States as of 2019 (2019).
Natl. Safety Council, Work Deaths by State (2019).
Null, CCM., Jan, Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles, (San Jose State Univ., Dept. of Meteorology & Climate Science, 2020).
United Health Foundation, America’s Health Rankings, 2020 Annual Report: Arizona. | <urn:uuid:cdbe6da1-4c85-4323-8afc-dab1af220053> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://insurancebrokersusa.com/arizona-mortality-rates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304835.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220125130117-20220125160117-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.847394 | 1,181 | 2.609375 | 3 |
November 16, 2017
There is a special look that a child gets when they experience something for the first time. Their eyes get wide, eyebrows flick up in surprise. Some get quiet, others let out a shout. It is a unique privilege to introduce students to wildlife and nature, and I feel lucky that this is part of my job with the Seneca Park Zoo Society.
As the School and Group Programs Coordinator, I develop and lead students on a wide variety of expeditions throughout the Zoo and Seneca Park. Expeditions are engaging, interactive lessons that use the Zoo as an outdoor classroom. We have expeditions designed for students in grades K-2, 3-5, and 6-8.
Our expeditions all have a conservation message, whether we are inspiring our youngest learners to conserve water or encouraging older students to be stewards of biodiversity. I work with local teachers to make sure each expedition is tailored to meet the needs of their group. All expeditions are aligned to meet NextGen and New York State Science Standards. We use an inquiry-based approach to learning where students are experiencing science through hands-on activities.One of my favorite expeditions to lead is A Long Walk to Water. This program is for middle school students and is based on the book with the same name. As part of the expedition, students take turns caring a 2.5-gallon jug of water as we walk to Trout Lake in Seneca Park. One of the characters in the book makes daily treks to gather water for her family, so hopefully this helps students realize what a luxury it is to have water available on tap.When we arrive at the pond the students conduct water quality tests. They are so excited to use the scientific equipment, whether it is conducting a pH test or using a net to sample macroinvertebrates. The students take such pride in their results, and it is fun to watch them compete to see who can find the most macroinvertebrates.
At the conclusion of each expedition, I always reiterate our conservation message. I hope that the students have made a personal connection to the animals at the Zoo and care about the fate of those species in their natural range. This quote by Jane Goodall sums up the purpose of expeditions at Seneca Park Zoo: “Only if we understand, can we care. Only if we care, we will help. Only if we help, we shall be saved.”– Gretchen Spencer, School and Group Programs Coordinator
Interested in scheduling an Expedition for your next field trip? | <urn:uuid:4eb77e78-e41b-43bd-a5ef-98691b71ba62> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://senecaparkzoo.org/expeditions-at-the-zoo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764495012.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127195946-20230127225946-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.946904 | 524 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Volume 6 Supplement 1
Likelihood of Stachybotyrs atra sensitization in Canadian populations
© Fischer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
Published: 12 May 2010
Stachybotrys atra has achieved great notoriety recently as a mould capable of producing mycotoxin, a potentially quite harmful substance. Because of news reports, patients have become quite concerned about “mould allergy” as the cause of an increasing number of symptoms. We set out to discover what percentage of patients referred to regional Allergy clinics have become sensitized to moulds, but especially Stachybotrys atra.
Consecutive patients 12 years of age or older in 2007 were assessed in two separate clinics and prick tested to Stachybotrys atra (provided by Allergy Canada) in addition to the usual screen of allergens. Also noted were sensitization to mould spores in general and atopic status. Any positive skin test to any allergen would indicate atopy and any mould spore test that was positive would indicate mould sensitizatrion.
2855 patients were enrolled, 1231 in Kitchener and 1624 in Barrie. The likelihood of atopy was 50% in Kitchener and 62 % in Barrie. The likelihood of mould sensitization in the atopic population was 18% in Kitchener and 21 % in Barrie. The number of positive tests to Stachybotrys was 10 (2 true positives and 8 boarderline) in Kitchener and 11 (2 true positives and 9 borderline positives) in Barrie. This represents 0.6 % of the total population tested and 1 % of the atopic population.
Stachybotrys atra has been suggested to be a major cause of mould allergy recently in North America. Sensitization does not indicate true mold allergy but is a marker for exposure in an atopic population. The extremely low level of sensitization suggests that Stachybotrys atra is not a significant cause of mould allergy in Ontario and is not required in an allergy screen.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. | <urn:uuid:7b612618-eebb-4537-9a26-58fa2dc527a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1710-1492-6-S1-P1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806030.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120111550-20171120131550-00020.warc.gz | en | 0.935011 | 430 | 2.625 | 3 |
|Colours in a frozen lake seen by Andrew Kirk. Image ©Andrew Kirk, shown with permission.|
“The large oval structure is an air bubble, about one meter long. The bubble appears to be trapped between two layers of ice; the smaller bubbles (with their specular highlights) are casting shadows onto the lower ice layer. The iridescence was visible to the naked eye but really popped with a circular polarizer on the camera.”
The iridescent colours are produced by a structural colour effect, thin film interference, the same one that gives us the metallic hues of soap bubbles and of oil films on puddles.
Here the necessary thin film could be air narrowly trapped between two ice layers or an ice fissure. Light waves can be reflected upwards within the upper ice layer. Others leave the ice, traverse the thin air layer, reflect off the lower air/ice surface and enter the upper ice again.
If the air layer is thin enough the two wave paths combine. When the wave crests coincide there is light, when they are completely out of phase there is darkness. The light or darkness condition depends on the film thickness and, importantly, on wavelength. Thus, some colours are enhanced while others are darkened. The final ones we see are always complex mixtures – hence their non-spectral metallic hues.
Another possibility is that the thin film is water trapped in a fissure or between two ice layers. Any thin film of different refractive index to the material bounding it can produce interference colours. More ice colours come from weak birefringence, from classical refraction/reflection by air bubbles trapped within the icy mass and because ice is slightly blue by absorption ~ but you will need a crevasse or ice cave to see that. | <urn:uuid:89178f95-3d2c-4d06-91b7-84da4549a465> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.atoptics.co.uk/fz329.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888041.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180119144931-20180119164931-00309.warc.gz | en | 0.931101 | 370 | 3.375 | 3 |
For generations, stately elm trees have graced Lethbridge locations like Gyro Park and North Parkside Drive. City officials estimate there are 11,000 elms in the city, about half of them on residents’ property.
But now many of them are endangered by an insect that’s attacking the trees, covering their leaves and bark in a black mold. It’s called the European elm scale, and city arbourists believe the mild winter has allowed more of the bugs to survive — increasing the danger.
Southern Alberta horticulturalist Lyndon Penner warns the city as well as affected homeowners must act promptly to control the damage.
If not, he says, the trees “will not only continue to decline, but many of them may die.”
“I shudder to think what our streets would look like without our elms.”
Penner, a CBC radio horticultural expert and author, met concerned residents of Lethbridge on Monday. While planting a new elm will benefit future generations, he pointed out, it could be 60 years before it grows to the size of the Lethbridge elms now afflicted by the insect.
Acknowledging the situation, the city plans to inject the pesticide TreeAzin in about 600 trees in parks, boulevards or on other city land. Residents concerned about an elm on city property near their home may email that information to email@example.com.
For elms under attack on their own property, officials add, residents should call a qualified arbourist to provide a pesticide injection. They describe the adult insects as about 10 millimetres long, oval-shaped and a grey-brown colour with a “white waxy fringe.”
The “honeydew” they expel may cover sidewalks, patios and vehicles as well as the endangered tree.
To help trees overcome the insect’s attack, officials say it’s vital that owners water their trees regularly, especially during dry periods. It’s also important to avoid damaging their roots during landscaping or planting, they add. Providing mulch around the base also helps.
The city is assessing elm trees on its property to identify threatened trees. Evaluation and treatment will continue over the summer. | <urn:uuid:9970519d-b250-4c73-bd6b-7693bad04296> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.lethsuntimes.com/news/2016/06/08/nightmare-for-elm-trees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160145.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924050917-20180924071317-00542.warc.gz | en | 0.950304 | 475 | 2.828125 | 3 |
By 2025, you’ll be able to breathe a little easier in Paris, Madrid, Athens, and Mexico City. That’s because the four cities have decided to ban cars and vans that run on diesel.
The Guardian reports that the announcement, made at the C40 summit—the network of 40 international cities that have pledged to battle climate change together—is a bid to cut air pollution related to the use of diesel in their city centers. Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, explained that the policy showed that the cities “no longer tolerate air pollution and the health problems and deaths it causes.”
While diesel cars aren’t particularly common in the U.S., they’re abundant on European roads. That’s because they burn fuel more efficiently than petrol engines, and fuel prices are significantly higher on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. Diesel and gas cost around 60 and 64 cents per liter respectively in the U.S., compared to $1.30 and $1.50 in France.
But while diesel engines may be more efficient, the combustion of the fuel also produces larger quantities of soot and nitrogen oxides compared to gasoline. And recent research showed that those particulates contribute to the deaths of over three million people each year around the world.
Attempts to clean up the act of diesel cars haven’t gone well. Most famously, Volkswagen’s “clean diesel” automobiles were found to be nothing of the sort. Instead, Paris, Madrid, Athens, and Mexico City will simply ban cars from using the fuel. It’s currently unclear exactly how the initiative will work, as the cities haven’t said exactly which parts of their centers will be subjected to the rules, or how the ban will be phased in.
Despite being inspired by air quality, the rule will also have positive impacts on the climate. Mexico City mayor Miguel Ángel Mancera thinks it’s a chance to boost public transport provision, while the mayor of Athens, Giorgos Kaminis, sees it as part of a longer-term plan to bans car from cities altogether.
It will also help drive electric car adoption. As MIT Technology Review has argued in the past, it is exactly these kinds of dramatic regulatory changes that are required to spur sustainable energy adoption.
(Read more: Guardian, “Global Air Pollution Is Getting Worse, but Removing It Could Worsen Climate Change,” “What the VW Scandal Means for Clean Diesel,” “Here’s How to Speed Up the Electric-Car Revolution”) | <urn:uuid:665f9130-b37e-4bb2-8feb-0817ad72ede9> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/12/02/155694/four-huge-cities-are-banning-diesel-cars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153860.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210729140649-20210729170649-00004.warc.gz | en | 0.932218 | 545 | 2.96875 | 3 |
<!-- Deleted image removed: -->The history of Duke University
began when Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school in Randolph County, North Carolina
(in the present-day town of Trinity
), was founded in 1838. Duke University Archives.
URL accessed 19 July 2005. The school was renamed to Union Institute Academy in 1841, Normal College in 1851, and to Trinity College in 1859. Finally moving to Durham in 1887, the school grew rapidly, primarily due to the generosity of Washington Duke
and Julian S. Carr
, powerful and respected Methodists who had grown wealthy through the tobacco
industry. In 1924
, Washington Duke's son, James B. Duke
, established The Duke Endowment
, a $40 million (about $430 million in 2005 dollars
) trust fund, some of which was to go to Trinity College. The president thus renamed the school Duke University
, as a memorial to Washington Duke
and his family. Duke University Archives.
URL accessed 22 June 2006.
The school was organized by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists
under the leadership of Reverend Brantley York, and in 1841, North Carolina issued a charter for Union Institute Academy from the original Brown's Schoolhouse. The state legislature granted a rechartering of the academy as Normal College in 1851, and the privilege of granting degrees in 1853. To keep the school operating, the trustees agreed to provide... Read More | <urn:uuid:002d4f5c-1eac-4e32-9a4a-d4e6ae2fa6c9> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://pages.rediff.com/history-of-duke-university/998240 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164886464/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134806-00057-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949377 | 305 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Home Fruit Production-T-Budding Citrus
Julian W. Sauls, Ph.D.
Professor and Extension Horticulturist
Texas Cooperative Extension
August 1, 2001
In this presentation on citrus T-budding, 29 images are included to illustrate the finer points of the technique. Each image is shown with the text as a thumbnail version for speed of downloading--simply click on the thumbnail image to see it as a full-screen version. When finished viewing the full-screen image, click "Back" to return to the text and thumbnails.
While it is called T-budding, the process being described is technically an inverted-T. This same procedure is also used to bud a number of woody plants, including all citrus types, peaches, nectarines, plums, apples, grapes, roses and others. T-budding can be done anytime the bark of the rootstock is "slipping", i.e., the bark separates easily from the underlying wood. For citrus in subtropical areas, the bark slips from early spring through late fall. In greenhouse production and in tropical areas, the bark slips anytime the plant is in active growth--which is practically year-round.
In many commercial citrus-growing areas of the U.S. and the world, budwood is collected only from sources that are certified to be free of a number of viral diseases. Quarantines exist to prevent the movement of citrus propagation materials from one region, state or country to another so as to preclude the spread of citrus diseases to other citrus areas. To obtain budwood from any other citrus area is illegal under either state or federal law or both.
Budding knives are extremely thin-bladed, with both right-handed and left-handed versions. Image 1 shows opposite sides of a typical right-handed budding knife--the side of the blade shown on the upper knife is flat (unground) while the opposite side (the lower knife) is ground down to the cutting edge. Many budders prefer high carbon steel blades (rather than stainless steel) because they are more easily kept sharpened to a razor edge.
The best of pocket knives are usually too thick-bladed to use for budding. Utility knives with replaceable razor blades may be the better choice. Blade thinness and sharpness are critical for successful budding, as a thick or dull blade causes jagged cuts which do not "take" readily.
Most budding tape is either clear, very thin polyethylene (at left in Image 2) or somewhat thicker, opaque polypropylene. For home use, strips can be cut from plastic sandwich bags. Neither electrical nor "Scotch"-type tapes are recommended, though plumber's teflon tape should work. The purpose of the tape is to exert a little pressure on the inserted bud, to keep out excess moisture and to protect the bud while the cut surfaces heal and begin to grow together.
Seedling rootstocks of at least pencil diameter are usually the easiest for beginners, although both smaller and much larger stocks can be budded successfully. Image 3 shows three seedlings, all of which are buddable. The seedling on the left was used for most of the subsequent images of the actual budding process.
Budwood for home use may be collected from any tree of the desired variety--in most cases from friends, relatives, neighbors or local nurseries. Each of the major citrus-producing states have budwood certification programs which sell virus-free budwood to residents. Because citrus trees typically have four or more growth flushes annually, there should always be usable budwood.
In Image 4, the budstick at left is the best, the middle one can be used with good technique, but the one at right is too angular. Each of these three budsticks represent a different growth flush of the same branch--the one on the left having developed in the early spring, the middle one in late spring and the one at right in mid-summer. If you look closely at the second bud up from the bottom on each budstick, you will see that the bud and surrounding twig on the leftmost budstick is round and plump while that of the rightmost is angular and skinny. If left on the tree, the budstick at right would have looked like the one in the middle after the next growth flush and then like the one on the left after the second growth flush.
Budwood should be placed in closeable plastic bags and kept cool until use. For storage longer than a couple of hours, the bag should be placed in the refrigerator. Under such conditions, citrus budwood can be stored for several weeks, if absolutely necessary.
Preparing the stock
Unless local conditions warrant budding very high on the rootstock, about six inches above ground should be adequate. In the area to be budded, carefully clip off all leaves, thorns and side twigs. For optimal success, the area where the bud is to be inserted should be fairly straight with about an inch or so between two remaining leaf bases. This distinction will become clear as you look at the next five images.
Image 5 is a side view showing the relatively shallow depth of the point of the budding knife as it starts to make the vertical part of the T-incision. The bark is quite thin and very soft, so a sharp knife easily penetrates and cuts the bark with very little pressure. There is no reason to cut into the wood--with practice, you can "feel" the knife tip as it penetrates the bark and makes contact with the wood.
Images 6, 7 and 8 show the progression of the horizontal cut at the bottom of the vertical one. Note that the cutting edge of the blade is angled upward sharply, probably at about 45 degrees. To start the cut, place the blade edge at the left side of the vertical cut as shown in Image 6, press it firmly but lightly into the bark (again, with practice, you can "feel" when the blade penetrates the bark). Maintaining the same light pressure and angle of the blade, "walk" the blade across the stock (do not use a sawing motion!).
|6. Beginning the horizontal cut.||7. Middle of the horizontal cut.|
Note the position of the thumb and forefinger in each image, since their position shifts to the right as the cut is completed. In Image 6, the wrist is cocked or bent backward, it is nearly straight in Image 7 and it is slightly curled inward in Image 8--solely by moving the wrist and forearm slightly to the right from beginning to end of the cut. Also, note how the knife edge lifts up the bark during this cut--that is why the blade edge is angled sharply upward. As you examine the completed incision in Image 9, notice that the bark flaps at the bottom of the inverted T are still raised from the stock. These raised flaps provide a guide for easier insertion of the bud.
|8. Finish of the horizontal cut.||9. Completed inverted-T incision.|
Cutting the bud
The most critical aspect of budding is cutting the bud itself--it is only a very thin slice of bark and a sliver of wood beneath the bud, but it must be cut evenly and smoothly. The flat side of the blade must be flat against the budstick (Image10), with the knife held at about a 45 degree angle to the budstick (Image 11). With the thumb braced along the stick below the bud, simply draw the knife towards the thumb (again, no sawing or rocking motion!), keeping the blade flat against the stick to prevent it from cutting too deeply (Image 12). If the blade remains flat against the stick, it will normally slice under the bud and exit below it (Image 13).
|10. Side view of start of bud cutting.||11. Start of bud cutting.|
|12. Middle of bud cutting.||13. Finish of bud cutting.|
Sometimes, the budwood won't cooperate or the knife cuts too deeply into the wood to exit. If the cut is a smooth one, simply back the knife out and cut off the bud piece about half an inch below the bud, with the blade edge angled downward as shown in Image 14. Examine the excised bud piece in Image 15. It is less than an inch long, with the bud itself near the middle. Obviously, it is just a very thin slice of the budstick. More importantly, the cut surface as seen in this side view is smooth and very straight--this bud will "take"!
|14. Bud cutoff, if necessary.||15. Completed bud ready to insert.|
Inserting the bud
Place the upper end of the bud piece beneath the bark flaps at the bottom of the inverted T and gently but firmly push it upward with your thumb (Image 16). With a good stock and slipping bark, the bud will easily slide under the bark, lifting it from the wood as the bud is pushed upward. Slide it upward until the entire bud piece is beneath the bark of the stock (Image 17). Note that the sides of the bud piece are completely beneath the bark on both sides of the vertical part of the T, with the actual bud about centered between the two cut edges of bark. A side view of the inserted bud (Image 18) shows
|16. Start of bud insertion.||17. Complete bud insertion.|
mostly the bark of the stock, with the bud, its attendant thorn, the leaf base and a little of the bark of the bud piece.
Start wrapping the bud below the incision, making several turns around the stock until the entire bud and incision are covered, finishing with the end of the tape tucked beneath the last turn (Image 19). During wrapping, maintain firm pressure on the tape, but don't stretch it so hard that it breaks. If the tape breaks, remove it and start over with a new strip, using a little less pull.
Beginners will often put two or even three buds on a stock in hopes of increasing the odds of success. Since good technique has better than 98 percent success, multiple buds will not overcome poor technique. It would be more useful to practice slicing buds from a budstick until you can consistently cut them like the one in Image 15. Even then, save the unused budsticks until after unwrapping--just in case you need to rebud.
|18. Side view of the inserted bud.||19. Bud wrapped with polyethylene tape.|
Forcing and Aftercare
After 12 to 14 days, healing and union should have occurred, so remove the tape. The easiest removal is to simply make a vertical cut through it on the backside of the stock away from the bud, then slip it off. You can also cut it at the tuck and unwind it.
If your technique was somewhat lacking or if this is just one of those one or two percent that simply don't take, the bud will be mostly brown or blackish (Image 20), and may just look rotted. In this case, select another spot on the stock and rebud it. A live bud will still be as green (Image 21) as it was when you inserted it two weeks earlier. The small stub of the cutoff leaf petiole will have turned yellow and it will readily fall off, if it didn't come off during unwrapping.
|20. Bud failure.||21. Live bud ready to be forced.|
Now that you have a live bud, there are several ways to "force" it to grow. For the limber stocks suggested herein, just bend the top of the rootstock completely over and tie it to itself (Bending--Image 22). If the stock is a little too large to bend readily, cut partway through it at a point several inches above the bud and break it over at that cut (Lopping--Image 23). For really large stocks, cut out a notch of bark on the stock above the bud (Notching-Image 24). Notching does not force buds as readily as bending or lopping.
|22. Bud forcing by bending.||23. Bud forcing by lopping.|
Within a week or so, the bud will begin to grow (Image 25), as will previously dormant buds on the stock--note the just-broken rootstock bud to the left of the new budling. Because you want to direct all of the rootstock's energy into the new budling (Image 26), all other sprouts should be broken off as soon as they appear. Be very careful that you don't accidentally break off the budling, as it is very brittle and easily snapped off at this stage. Disbudding will cease to be necessary in a month or so, as the growth of the budling will suppress other buds on the stock.
|24. Bud forcing by notching.||25. New bud starting to grow.|
|26. Disbud rootstock sprouts.||27. Removal of the top of the rootstock.|
When the budling reaches several inches in length and its stem hardens, it should be loosely tied to the rootstock top. When it grows above the bend (or break) of the rootstock, a bamboo, PVC pipe, wooden or other type of stake should be inserted alongside the plant. The stake should extend at least six inches into the soil and about two feet above the soil. As the budling grows, continue to tie it loosely to the stake.
When the budling surpasses the top of the stake, cut off the rootstock top at a slight downward angle opposite the base of the budling and as close to it as possible (Image 27). Because the budling must be "headed", cut it off just above the top of the stake (Image 28) to force several buds at the top to grow to form the primary scaffold limbs of the new tree.
The headed, finished tree (Image 29) is ready to plant. The entire process from budding to finished tree requires about nine months, give or take a couple of months depending on season, climate and care of the growing budling.
|28. Budling staked, tied and headed.||29. Finished tree ready to plant.|
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Citrus and Subtropical Fruits is maintained by Julian W. Sauls, Ph. D. | <urn:uuid:13e9f6a0-cb17-4fb4-8128-90540b4d673d> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/budding/budding.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131296974.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172136-00020-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923564 | 2,987 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING COURSE BLOEMFONTEIN ATICC Mr. Motseki Motlatla Reviewing personal awareness: world view and self awareness."— Presentation transcript:
HIV/AIDS COUNSELLING COURSE BLOEMFONTEIN ATICC Mr. Motseki Motlatla Reviewing personal awareness: world view and self awareness
Selection criteria for the course Understanding of English Passion for the subject Prepared to attend the course full and complete all modules concern Writing of the examination paper. Pass mark should be above 75%
MODULE: WORLD VIEW OBJECTIVES: Reflect on the impact of HIV/AIDS issues on oneself as counsellor Demonstrate understanding of the impact of prejudice, values and culture in counselling Demonstrate ability to identify personal strengths and weaknesses Demonstrate insight into the impact of one’s characteristics on interaction with others
MODULE: WORLD VIEW CONT. World view Self awareness Values and attitudes Cross cultural communication participants
METHOD Self awareness: 1. What is self awareness: 2. Definition 3. Why is self awareness in counselling 4. Why is it important in the training of counsellors
World view What is a world view? The importance of developing consciousness of issues about which is sensitive related to one’s past and present circumstances and experiences The impact of own beliefs and values on the way in which we respond to others Participants develop a consciousness of their own trigger incidents
Think how you will respond if the following were said to you What issues are particular sensitive ones for you? How could you best deal with them?
Task 1: Questionnaires Let the participants discuss the statements Show time count down Each statement for 1 minute Show each statement at a time for discussion purpose
Statements to be discussed 1. Have you always been quite overweight? 2. People like you always think you know better than people like us. 3. Its your race group that is responsible for South Africa’s problem now. 4. Women have a tendency to be catty to other women. That’s why its best to always have some men in the group.
Why don’t you have children/ have more children. I don’t think you’ve prepared well for this session. Perhaps you’re not cut out for this type of work if you’re feeling so upset by what I’ve said. What qualification do you have in order to carry out this type of work. Quite frankly I don’t see the point of this exercise!
Sensitive exercise The importance of self reflection as a counsellor.
Two minutes per statement Brainstorm one positive and one negative generalization/stereotype for each of the listed categories on the worksheets These need not represent your own view but stereotypes commonly held within our society at large
Self awareness and world view How did you feel about stating the negative stereotype? How did you feel about the negative stereotype raised about group, which represent you? How do think that these stereotype could impact the counselling situation?
People often hesitate to raise the negative stereotypes. However given the opportunity to raise general stereotype they tend to freely express some of their own without having to own them People find difficult to hear the negative statement about groups with which they identify.
Stereotype often result from fear and misunderstanding. Encourage mutual respect and understanding Value difference rather than having to see ourselves as better or worse
Self concept 1. The way we see ourselves influences the way we behave and the way we respond to the behavior of others towards us Self awareness allows us to discriminate between our own problem and that of others. Without the self awareness we may run the risk of of imaging that everyone else has the same problem that we do.( called projection)
Three stages in developing self awareness First stage: unskilled stage The person is unaware of the range of possible skills, intervention available to them Tendency to believe that we are born counsellors; skill will either come natural or not be developed at all.
Second stage: gradual awareness Gradually the person become aware of the possible range of intervention and feels less clumsy as a results
Third stage : increased skill Skill and intervention are absorbed in person and we become skilled. Conscious use of self, become normal, no longer feels so clumsy. Respond easily,readily.
Self concept is shaped by Personal factors Personal circumstances Experience Culture and religious beliefs Social context
World view World view refer to the way in which we perceive the world – our values and beliefs, attitude etc. Each human being is unique We all have our own perception of the world and the people in it It comes from media,experiences and social upbringing
There are always particular issues or behavior that provoked particularly strong reaction in us. These situations arise because of our past and sometime present experiences and sometimes trigger reaction in us that may be destructive They may also relate to differences in beliefs and values We need to find constructive ways of dealing with them
ATTITUDES Objective of this session explore your own attitude towards people at risk. Explore their attitude towards people infected and affected with HIV/AIDS Demonstrate understanding of how personal attitude may influence the counselling process.
Debate the following statement Promiscuous people are at risk of contracting HIV. Sex workers place men at risk of becoming infected with HIV. Drug users are weak-willed persons
Debriefing How did you feel exposing your values to others? What was it like to see others disagree with you? How did you feel? How did it feel to listen to different views without trying to change others opinion?
POEM Alone and frightened Out there, alone and frightened Of the darkness, the days are long Life is hiding, no more making new contact No more loving arms thrown around my neck Take my hand now, I ‘m tired and lonely
Give me love, give me hope Don’t desert me. Don’t reject me All I need is love and understanding Today it’s me, tomorrow someone else its me and you, we’ve got to stand up and fight We’ll shed a light in the fight against aids In times of joy, in times of sorrow
Let”s take a stand and fight on to the end With open hearts, let’s stand out And speak out to the world- we’ll save some lives Save the children of the world Let’s be open, advise the young ones A new generation to protect and love
Hear them singing, playing, laughing Let’s give them everything in truth and love Take the message, cross the frontiers Break the barriers, we’ll fight together The doors are open, we’ll lead the struggle We won’t bow down in defeat, we’ll fight on….. Died of aids, 15 December 1989 By Phil Bonguley Lutaaya | <urn:uuid:13cf1199-aa3f-4881-85b0-9d6613188db5> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/3194143/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822930.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20171018104813-20171018124813-00713.warc.gz | en | 0.93355 | 1,414 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Visionary Tech Concepts Could Pioneer Future In Space
by Loura Hall, NASA
September 24, 2021
NASA missions make it seem like the future is now ... rovers exploring Mars with cutting-edge gadgets, a spacecraft venturing home with an asteroid sample, and a complex space telescope peering at the early universe. So, what's the next big thing? What might space missions in 2050 and beyond set out to discover?
Image created by USA Patriotism! from NASA graphic.
One small NASA program aims to see what could be possible. The NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program, part of the agency's Space Technology Mission Directorate, funds early-stage research into sci-fi sounding, futuristic technology concepts. The goal is to find what might work, what might not, and what exciting new ideas researchers may come up with along the way.
1. Swimming micro-robots for ocean worlds.
Ocean worlds, where liquid oceans lie beneath miles of icy crust, are some of the most likely locations in our solar system to harbor life ... an enticing prospect for scientists. Accessing and exploring these aquatic environments present unique challenges. Ethan Schaler, a robotics mechanical engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, is researching one promising idea for exploration: Using 3D printed, centimeter-scale robots equipped with sensors and actuators. A mothercraft that drilled through the ice and deployed the micro-bots would also wirelessly control them using ultrasound waves.
2. Long-reach crawling and anchoring robots for Martian caves.
While swimming robots could be ideal for some destinations, others will require something with a firmer grip. Marco Pavone, an associate professor at Stanford University, is developing a potential solution. His ReachBot concept could quickly crawl through caves, using extendable booms to grasp over long distances. Its various features would allow small and lightweight robots to move around in tricky environments, such as vertical cliff walls or the rocky and uneven floors of caves on Mars.
3. Lightweight deployable structures that expand in space.
Getting extra-large spacecraft off Earth takes lots of planning, as the size of what can go to space depends on how much a rocket can fit. Multiple launches and in-space assembly have proven successful in the past, but there could be another way. Assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University Zachary Manchester is considering ways to integrate recent advances in mechanical metamaterials into a lightweight deployable structure design. Such a structure could be launched inside a single rocket fairing and then deploy autonomously to a final size of the length of 10 football fields.
4. Seeding asteroids with fungi to create space soil.
Space habitat concepts come in all shapes and sizes. But all designs have a common challenge requiring innovative thinking: How will space travelers sustain themselves during long journeys? Jane Shevtsov, working with Trans Astronautica Corporation, offers creating soil from carbon-rich asteroid material. The fungi would physically break down the material and chemically degrade any toxic substances. Similar processes take place on Earth, like oyster mushrooms cleaning up petroleum-contaminated soil. The NIAC research aims to find a way for future space habitats to have ample green space and robust agricultural systems.
NASA selects NIAC proposals through a peer-review process that evaluates innovation and technical viability. All projects are still in the early stages of development, with most requiring a decade or more of technology maturation. They are not considered official NASA missions.
Learn more about NIAC | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | <urn:uuid:44fb8d84-708f-4dfe-afa8-d5b0f4821750> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.usapatriotism.org/articles/gov/nasa0012.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662578939.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525023952-20220525053952-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.906675 | 733 | 3.328125 | 3 |
- Experimental evidence of enhancing the performance of ultra-efficient solar cells by external recycling of photon emission is presented – predicated on the strategy of increasing cell open-circuit voltage by reducing radiative recombination. It is equivalent to restricting the angular range of photon emission, and can only be effective in photovoltaics with high external luminescent efficiency. This has precluded the voltage enhancement from being observable in today's photovoltaic technologies. As shown here, however, it is attainable with the latest generation of champion single-junction one sun thin-film GaAs cells. The measurements are understandable in terms of basic photovoltaic thermodynamics. | <urn:uuid:e6a96e57-d7ad-4a77-a8f6-1035176c8b62> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://scholars.bgu.ac.il/display/n9610934 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999615.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624150939-20190624172939-00460.warc.gz | en | 0.915575 | 136 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Prospects are dim for the aircraft mechanics’ strike against Northwest Airlines. Hot on the heels of the AFL-CIO convention schism, the strike’s feebleness adds to the impression of a steep decline in the power of organized labor.
Many observers explain this deterioration by arguing that American unions are out of favor because they no longer represent the interests of most American workers.
The truth is they never did.
Despite all of their rhetoric about "solidarity" and "unity," labor unions are essentially monopolies or cartels whose aim is to eliminate competition for their members. This exclusion enables them to raise the price of their labor.
Thus, until very recently, organized labor sought restrictions on immigration. In the 19th century, unions led the campaign to restrict Chinese immigration — indeed, the "union label" campaign was meant to enable consumers to boycott products made by Chinese workers. The original union label read, "The cigars contained herein are made by WHITE MEN." "The Caucasians are not going to let their standard of living be destroyed by Negroes, Chinamen, Japs, or any other," warned AFL president Samuel Gompers a century ago.
Blacks were also frequent targets of organized labor. This was especially so under the Railway Labor Act, which today governs the airline industry in which the Northwest strike is taking place.
The "Big Four" railroad brotherhoods (conductors, engineers, firemen and trainmen) kept constitutional provisions excluding blacks from membership as late as the 1960s. The firemen engaged in a decades-long campaign to eliminate blacks from their jobs. New Deal labor legislation added the power of government to their effort. The National Mediation Board enforced contracts between the brotherhoods and railroads that stripped blacks of their job rights. The most outrageous of these was the 1941 Washington Agreement, which set a 50 percent maximum quota for black employment, and was dubbed the "Hitler Agreement" by the black press. "One cannot avoid receiving the impression that the board regards collective bargaining … as strictly a white man’s affair," economist Herbert Northrup observed in 1944.
Worse still, Congress had extended the board’s power in 1936 to the newly emerging airline industry, where several unions also explicitly barred blacks from membership. "It is likely that few public policy decisions pertaining to industrial relations have been more unfortunate," Northrup noted. "It is even more the case insofar as Negro air transport employment is concerned."
Government power was extended to other unions by the Wagner Act, and by the refusal of government officials like Michigan Governor Frank Murphy to enforce court orders against sit-down strikes. But by this point, blacks had already entered the mass production industries of steel, auto, meatpacking and rubber, so unions could not exclude them, though they often discriminated against them in job assignments and promotions.
Eventually the federal courts began to rein in the blatantly discriminatory practices of these unions. But their decisions usually came too late to stem the decline of black employment. More effective was the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Indeed, to a large extent the whole development of "affirmative action" in employment grew out of attempts to remedy the effects of union discrimination.
The mechanics’ strike is likely to fail precisely because the union cannot control the labor supply. There are more than enough replacement workers (known as "scabs" or "finks" in union argot). Qualified out-of-work mechanics earn $27 per hour, compared to the $36 per hour that the strikers were earning.
Nor can the mechanics union, known as the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association, get other unions or customers to honor their picket lines. This is partly because the Railway Labor Act, which empowered the unions, also prohibits "sympathy strikes" — showing that what the government gives, it can also take away.
Several unions left the AFL-CIO recently because its president, John Sweeney, is more committed to spending union dues on political campaigns than on organizing workers. Yet Sweeney understands what the Northwest strike is now showing: Most unions derive their power from the government. Legislation prohibiting "right-to-work" laws in the states, or preventing the use of replacement workers, would do more to spur unionization than the grass-roots organizing that the insurgent unions have in mind.
But empowering unions would not help most American workers or consumers, and it never has.
Dr. Paul D. Moreno holds the Grewcock Chair in the American Constitution at Hillsdale College and is an adjunct scholar at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, a research and educational institute headquartered in Midland, Mich. This essay is based on research he conducted for his forthcoming book, "Black Americans and Organized Labor: A New History." Permission to reprint this commentary in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided that the author and the Center are properly cited. | <urn:uuid:289d4d4d-92c4-4137-a4c0-2c6a607f8baa> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://mackinac.org/7340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042987662.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002307-00024-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969168 | 1,000 | 2.96875 | 3 |
While no one enjoys having to take medicine, in fact many Americans go out of their way to not take it.
According to the American Medical Association, roughly a quarter of new prescriptions are never filled, while patients flat out avoid taking medications about 50 percent of the time. This is what’s known as “non-adherence,” and it has consequences:
- About 25 percent of all nursing home admissions are due to people not taking the proper medications.
- Avoidable healthcare costs in the United States add up to $213 billion. Of that amount, $105 billion are costs associated with people not taking their medication.
- Non-adherence leads to 125,000 deaths every year.
If you or someone you love is worried about sticking to a medication schedule, a medication dispenser might be right for you.
Why do people avoid their medications?
Most people who skip their medication do so intentionally. They are concerned about side effects, the cost of their drugs, or simply feel they don’t need to take medication.
And then there are the people who have too many medications. The more prescriptions a patient has, the more likely they are to be non-adherent.
Non-adherence among senior citizens
Nearly a fifth of all senior citizens still living at home take 10 or more medications, and this often presents them with a challenge. Non-adherence among older Americans happens for all the same reasons as listed above, plus one more: Many seniors simply forget or become confused.
This confusion may lead them to simply forget that day’s dose, or it may cause them to take an accidental overdose.
How a medication dispenser works
Are you concerned that you or a loved one aren’t taking your medication on time? You can eliminate this fear with this device. Here’s how it works.
- The medication dispenser automatically dispenses a dose to patients up to four times daily. The device then transmits data to a data center.
- If the patient does not take their medication in a set amount of time (this can be determined by you or a caregiver), the device notifies the data center, which then contacts the patient or caregiver via text messages, email or phone.
- The caregiver then gets in touch with the patient to make sure they take their medication.
Marx Medical uses a medication dispenser from MedReady. This device increases medication compliance by up to 96.7 percent by essentially eliminating missed doses and overdoses.
Features of the MedReady dispenser include:
- A timed alarm system that provides new doses automatically
- Lock-and-key, tamper-resistant storage
- Holds up to a week of medication - four-times-a-day dosages
- Costs less than similar devices
- Device links to a helpful website that allows patients, family members and social workers to check if medication is correctly dispensed. | <urn:uuid:39a6a56e-4bcc-47af-8803-cfd62d07f148> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://content.marxmedicalequipment.com/medication-dispensers-give-caregivers-peace-of-mind | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496671249.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122092537-20191122120537-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.941095 | 605 | 2.953125 | 3 |
At the Aquarium
The Aquarium habitat for threespine stickleback is in the Northern Pacific Gallery.
Widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Pacific Ocean populations range from Baja California, Mexico to Bering Sea to Japan and North Korea.
They live in nearshore coastal waters in vegetated areas, usually over mud or sand.
The body of threespine sticklebacks is torpedo shaped and one quarter as deep as it is long. There are 28 to 33 (usually 30) vertically oriented scutes (bony plates) on each side and a single ventral plate on the lower surface between and behind the ventral fins. There are usually three free spines before the dorsal fin. The pelvic fin is reduced to a sharp spine and small ray. These fish are silvery-gray to bluish black in color with pale sides and yellow, white, or silvery bellies.
The maximum length of this saltwater subspecies is 11 cm (4.3 in).
Voracious omnivores, threespine sticklebacks eat small crustaceans, worms, copepods, larvae of adult aquatic insects, small fishes, and occasionally their own eggs and fry.
This subspecies migrates from the nearshore ocean to brackish estuaries and to fresh water streams and rivers to spawn. During breeding season, males develop nuptial colors. The head becomes reddish, eyes blue, the dorsal side becomes a shining greenish-blue-black, and the ventral side, orange-red from nose to vent and up the sides. They establish territories, become solitary, and much more aggressive. The top of the back of female bodies turns brownish with transverse bands while the entire rest of the body turns reddish.
These fish leave the ocean to enter brachish water or freshwater streams to spawn, usually from April to July. The male builds about a 2.5cm (1 in) in diameter, barrel-shaped nest of fragments of aquatic plants, strands of algae, twigs, and debris in a sheltered spot. After cementing the materials together with mucous threads he spins from his kidneys, he makes small holes for an exit and entrance. He weights the nest down with pebbles. During the nest building process, he aggressively defends the nest against other males and not as yet welcome females.
Courtship begins when the nest is ready. When a female carrying eggs enters his territory, he swims near her in a zigzag dancing movement. If the female is attracted to him, she follows him to his nest where he entices her it to enter it by thrusting his snout into the entrance. Entering, she deposits 100 to 150 eggs in the central cavity. After the male has driven her from the nest, he fertilizes the eggs. He may entice a succession of females into his nest.
Over a 6 to 10 day incubation, the male takes care of the nest, cleaning and guarding it, and periodically doing a headstand to fan the eggs to aerate them. He may also use his mouth to clean the eggs. When it is close to the time for the eggs to hatch, he tears down the nest so the eggs break apart and scatter. After the eggs hatch, he tries to keep the fry close to the nest for protection.
The fry are 4.25-4.5 mm (0.17-0.18 in) long at hatching. They live on their attached egg sacs for 3-4 days. They develop their spines and assume adult form at about 6 weeks of age when they are 14 to 16 mm (0.55-0.63 in) long.
The spines of these pugnacious fish are effective weapons used both in offense and defense against intruders or predators, often against fishes much larger than themselves. Threespined sticklebacks assume a threatening posture. They rush forward with raised dorsal spines and a wide, gaping mouth. If the intruder is not intimidated, sticklebacks becomes very still, point their head down, and jerk their body as if to bore a hole in the ground below. This display seems to be effective in driving intruders away.
Sticklebacks are one of the most studied fishes by ichthyologists and behaviorists. Some researchers believe that the two lineages of marine and freshwater are an example of evolution in action since records indicate their adaptations have occurred in only the past 10 years.
Pollution and loss of spawning habitat as a result of development may impact population density. At the present time a California freshwater subspecies, the unarmored threespine stickleback (G. a. williamsoni) is listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Threespined sticklebacks have recently become a major research organism for evolutionary biologists trying to understand the genetic changes involved in adapting to new environments.
Scientists believe that the many different stickleback populations in the northern hemisphere all emerged from a common marine ancestor. After glaciers receded, sticklebacks colonized widely divergent habitats in addition to the ocean, including freshwater lakes and rivers throughout the northern hemisphere | <urn:uuid:e4ad24cf-fd35-4249-aa05-2892c838ddee> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/threespine_stickleback | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866358.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624044127-20180624064127-00376.warc.gz | en | 0.954492 | 1,067 | 3.15625 | 3 |
σ Andromedae (sigma Andromedae)
σ Andromedae is a variable main-sequence star in the constellation of Andromeda.
σ Andromedae visual magnitude is 4.52. Because of its moderate brightness, σ Andromedae should be easily visible from locations with dark skyes, while it can be barely visible, or not visible at all, from skyes affected by light pollution.
The table below summarizes the key facts about σ Andromedae:
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of σ Andromedae
σ Andromedae is situated north of the celestial equator, as such, it is more easily visible from the northern hemisphere. Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox as well as galactic coordinates of σ Andromedae are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky map below shows the position of σ Andromedae in the sky:
Visibility of σ Andromedae from your location
Location: Greenwich, United Kingdom [change]
Latitude: 51° 28’ 47” N
Longitude: 0° 00’ 00” E
Today's σ Andromedae (sigma Andromedae) rise, transit and set times from Greenwich, United Kingdom [change] are the following (all times relative to the local timezone Europe/London):
Digitized Sky Survey image of σ Andromedae
The image below is a photograph of σ Andromedae from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins). The proper motion of σ Andromedae is -0.063 arcsec per year in Right Ascension and -0.041 arcsec per year in Declination and the associated displacement for the next 10000 years is represented with the red arrow.
Distance of σ Andromedae from the Sun and relative movement
σ Andromedae is distant 141.06 light years from the Sun and it is moving towards the Sun at the speed of 8 kilometers per second.
Spectral properties of σ Andromedae
σ Andromedae belongs to spectral class A2 and has a luminosity class of V corresponding to a main-sequence star.
The red dot in the diagram below shows where σ Andromedae is situated in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. | <urn:uuid:40d7b4e9-8f64-44f3-acec-c4f28c2beed7> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/sigma-andromedae-star | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945218.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323225049-20230324015049-00527.warc.gz | en | 0.82537 | 539 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Middle and High School Assessments: Pre-College Exams
The ACT Assessment System spans elementary through high school and is designed to provide teachers, parents and students insight on college and career readiness through a series of connected assessments. At the high school level, the ACT exam assesses high-school students’ general education development and their capability to complete college-level work by assessing skills in the areas of English, mathematics, reading and science.
A passing score outlined in IKF-R meets Cherry Creek School District requirements for demonstration of college and career preparedness in reading and math. Students may also opt to register for and take a National ACT exam. More information about National ACT exam dates can be found at the ACT website.
The SAT Assessment System is part of the State of Colorado Assessment Program and is required for all juniors in the state of Colorado. The SAT is a college admission exam used by admission representatives as part of the admission decision. The exam assesses the students’ knowledge in the areas of reading, writing and mathematics.
A passing score outlined in IKF-R meets district requirements for demonstration of college and career preparedness in reading and math. Students may also opt to register for and take a National SAT exam. More information about National SAT exam dates can be found at the College Board website. | <urn:uuid:b4128722-76bd-41a0-99a7-0cd2698c08fa> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.cherrycreekschools.org/Page/4126 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243992514.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20210513204127-20210513234127-00491.warc.gz | en | 0.951256 | 270 | 3.09375 | 3 |
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Definition of: AFFIRMATIVE
- (a.) Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.
- (a.) That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; -- opposed to negative; as, an affirmative answer; an affirmative vote.
- (a.) Positive; dogmatic.
- (a.) Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.
- (a.) Positive; -- a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted.
- (n.) That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; -- opposed to negative; as, there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative.
- (n.) A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that is so, etc. | <urn:uuid:fe1848a2-e88a-4809-8170-54ce3dcbdf88> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://whatsthisword.com/dictionary/affirmative | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524548.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716115717-20190716141717-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.923409 | 238 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Programmes of the International Livestock Research Institute and their impact on human health
MetadataShow full item record
Permanent link to cite or share this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/50987
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has been established to improve animal agriculture in developing countries through research and research-related programmes. The successful implementation of the Institute's programme will improve the welfare of rural and urban communities in developing countries. However, there are projects within the ILRI research programme that have an immediate impact on human health. ILRI's research on Theileria parva, the causative agent of East Coast fever, has shed new light on the processes involved in cell transformation. T. parva induces lymphoblastogenesis in its host. The role of the enzyme casein kinase II in this proliferative process has led to new discoveries about how human tumours may develop. New research by ILRI on peri-urban dairying will investigate if and how the adoption of crossbred cows can increase farm income and result in improved household health and nutrition. The research, in Ethiopia, is exploring the link between increased milk production and the consumption of macro- and micronutrients necessary for growth and proper physical and mental Development. ILRI's work to model the transmission and host-parasite interactions of trypanosomiasis and East Coast fever contributes to understanding the epidemiology of these diseases. The work has wider relevance for other infectious diseases, including those of man. Finally the paper describes ILRI's work showing that human nutritional status may be used as reliable non-economic indicators of the effects of improving control over animal diseases. The paper concludes by highlighting the possible interactions between research to improve animal health and production, and that to improve human health and nutrition.
- ILRI archive | <urn:uuid:fc53bc7d-984c-4927-bb10-cc4bf56f69d7> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/50987 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583728901.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120163942-20190120185942-00158.warc.gz | en | 0.903033 | 377 | 2.796875 | 3 |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. The Mohorovičić discontinuity.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- proper n. A taxonomic genus within the family Mohoidae — the oos.
- proper n. The Mohorovičić discontinuity.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. A gallinule (Notornis Mantelli) formerly inhabiting New Zealand, but now supposed to be extinct. It was incapable of flight. See notornis.
- n. The boundary between the earth's crust and the semiliquid mantle beneath. It varies in depth from 3 miles beneath the surface at certain points in the ocean to over 25 miles under certain parts of continents.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. A genus of meliphagine birds peculiar to the Sandwich Islands, named by Lesson in 1831.
- n. [lowercase] Any bird of this genus.
- n. A short-winged, shorttailed rail, Pennula ecaudata, peculiar to Hawaii.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- n. the boundary between the Earth's crust and the underlying mantle
For those who lived through apartheid, like this grandmother who asked to be called Moho (ph), the promotion of African traditions is uplifting.
Moho, that is ignorance and folly -- when any or all of these arise in the hearts of men, is the result beneficial or the reverse? '
The base of the Serpentosphere coincides with the gravity and high-velocity seismically defined transition beneath both continents and ocean basins commonly referred to as the Moho.
During flat subduction, the relatively lowdensity antigorite ‘floats’ and is underplated to the base of the continental crust at the Moho geophysical interface.
The map includes crustal thickness and Moho topography views.
A star-studded gala affair in the newer than brand new Moho Live venue on Oldham Street.
Henshaw tells us that the _oo_ (_Moho nobilis_) has "a long shaking note with ventriloquial powers."
The invaders were the Toi, originally called Sushen or Moho, under the former of which names they make their appearance in Japanese history in the middle of the sixth century.
The permit area's deepwater Moho-Bilondo project began production in April 2008 and is currently producing 90,000 barrels of crude oil a day.
Alhattu; Moho; Isa (two of this name); Amadu el-Fai; Musa; | <urn:uuid:ec947aa4-a216-4322-9432-0406c7f97464> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | https://www.wordnik.com/words/Moho | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463425.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00248-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882177 | 583 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Civil War Maps FREE
Records: 1,933 · Complete: 100%
Civil War maps from the collections of the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, the Virginia Historical Society, and the Library of Virginia. Among the reconnaissance, sketch, and theater-of-war maps are the detailed battle maps made by Major Jedediah Hotchkiss for Generals Lee and Jackson, General Sherman's Southern military campaigns, and maps taken from diaries, scrapbooks, and manuscripts. Explore over 2,000 images to gain insights into the histories of battles, campaigns, and regions.
Fold3, Civil War Maps (/title/699/civil-war-maps : accessed October 16, 2019), database and images, https://www.fold3.com/title/699/civil-war-maps
- Publication Title
- Civil War Maps
- Total Records
- Records: 1,933 · Complete: 100%
- Content Source
- Published on Fold3
- May 20, 2010
- Last Updated
- November 18, 2011
- Maps, charts, and atlases depicting battles, troop positions and movements, engagements, and fortifications during the Civil War, 1861-1865. | <urn:uuid:53176677-1321-4bca-957b-ed5a25fa5012> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.fold3.com/title/699/civil-war-maps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986666959.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016090425-20191016113925-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.834935 | 252 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Rainbow Milk is a relatively new experiment to me. I was first introduced to it via a Facebook post of a friend who was complaining about the fact that it didn't work which, of course, made me curious. If you haven't seen this experiment before, essentially blue, red and yellow food color is dropped in a triangular shape in a bowl of milk. Dish detergent is then added to the middle and the food coloring starts to move across the milk, creating rainbows. The reasoning behind it is a bit complicated (I'll talk more about it later), but for young kids its a great way to explore a little about what makes up milk. You could also talk about rainbows, color combination and surface tension - all in one small experiment!
- liquid food coloring
- bowls (the wider the better)
- liquid dish detergent (Dawn works well)
- cotton swabs
- small bowl for holding dish detergent
- a few types of milk (we used skim, 2% and heavy cream)
Part I - The Phenomenon
Like the last experiment with oobleck, we broke this down into a few distinct parts. For the first part, I had the girls observe while I showed them the basic phenomenon. (It wasn't quite that simple; I had to profess with the most extreme sincerity that they would get to do it on their own in just a bit.) If you have less time to work with, or want to use this more as an example of color mixing, then just doing this first part would definitely work!
To make Rainbow Milk, pour some of the 2% milk (1% or whole would also work, but don't use skim - more on that later) into your shallow bowl. Let it settle and warm up a bit. Carefully add three drops of each food color (red, blue and yellow - not green!) into the milk spaced around the bowl in the shape of a triangle. (See picture.) Take a cotton swab, dip it in the dish detergent and carefully place it in the middle of the bowl. Watch the rainbow that develops - it may take 5 minutes or so to fully develop.
If you are using science journals, then give your child a couple of minutes to draw a picture of the rainbow that develops.
Part II - The Effect of Fat Composition on Milk Rainbows
There are a variety of factors that cause the Milk Rainbow to form (more on those in the Science Talk section below) but the important things for kids to understand to do the next part of the experiment is the fact that one of the things that makes up milk is fat and that once the detergent is added to the milk it spreads out and grabs the fat in the milk. Another important concept is the idea that different types of milk have a different level of fat content - skim milk having none on up to heavy cream with a very high fat content (but, oh, so delicious).
For this part, pour three bowls of milk with the three different types of milk - we were using skim, 2% and heavy cream. Again, you really could use 1% or whole in place of the 2%, and even skip the heavy cream entirely and just use two different bowls if you prefer, but being able to compare to skim milk is pretty important so don't skip that one. The kids should be able to tell that the color is distinctly different between the three bowls as the whiter/creamier the color meant the greater the amount of fat. Ask your child which bowl they think will make the best rainbow.
Repeat the same process as above. At this point, depending on the age of the child or children you are working with (and their hand-eye coordination!), you can let them add the food coloring into the triangle shape if you wish. Add the detergent as before, trying to do it at the same time for all the bowls. Again, allow 5 minutes or so to pass to really have time to observe the rainbows and have them again draw pictures of what they see in the journal.
The pictures below show the three different bowls, with skim on the top, 2% in the middle and cream on the bottom. (Sorry for the poor quality; my flash and I were not seeing eye to eye at that particular moment! Ha!) You can see why using the skim is important - it really didn't demonstrate the current-like mixing that caused the rainbows to develop in the other two. Which makes sense, right? If the skim doesn't have any fat in it then the dish detergent wasn't able to grab onto anything to cause the currents to form. (My friend must have used skim milk, which was the downfall of her experiment.) Interestingly, the cream did create rainbows but they were very small and very slow forming.
Part III - Rainbow Play
As I mentioned above, there are a few things that are going on in this experiment. First and foremost we were playing with the idea that milk is a mixture of a variety of substances, including protein, vitamins (think: Vitamin D), minerals (think: calcium) and most importantly, at least for how I structured this activity, fat. Secondly, there are a couple of different characteristics of soap that make it an important role in the activity (try touching the milk with just a dry cotton swab - nothing much happens!). Soap is a surfactant, meaning that it breaks up the relatively high surface tension of water, allowing the soap to better attack food residue, or in our case the food coloring. Also, soap contains two chemically distinct ends, one of which is hydrophilic (literally "water loving") and the other is hydrophobic (literally "water hating"). The hydrophobic end may hate water, but it likes oils, so it grabs onto the oils on the plate, or, as in our case, the fat in the milk. This action of grabbing onto the oil creates the current that we see in the rainbow milk experiment.
If you want to read more, I found this and this website helpful with background information. And, there are lots and lots of videos of the Rainbow Milk experiment on YouTube.
Science Process Skills Used In This Activity:
|x ||x ||X |
Visit the science process skills page for more information on the different skills. I hope you enjoy this activity! If you try it, please leave me a comment to let me know how it goes! | <urn:uuid:c412bcde-de93-4b7d-8498-e88490aac9e7> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://mommaowlslab.blogspot.com/2011/09/science-thursday-rainbow-milk.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889617.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120122736-20180120142736-00364.warc.gz | en | 0.96486 | 1,320 | 3.3125 | 3 |
BK Marcus writes in the Freeman on the statue that inspired the protests in Tiananmen Square. She looked like the Statue of Liberty, but the protestors called her the Goddess of Democracy …
To American eyes, she looked like a Chinese version of the Statue of Liberty, her torch of freedom held aloft over Tiananmen’s huddled masses. The art students who had quickly assembled the foam statue over a bamboo scaffolding had deliberately avoided creating something that seemed “too openly pro-American”—even basing the style on the Cold War art of the Soviet socialist realists—but even with her Chinese features and a two-handed grip on the torch, the comparison with Lady Liberty was unavoidable.
But while the statue in New York Harbor represents Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, the protestors in Tiananmen Square were worshipping a different deity. They called their statue the Goddess of Democracy.
The tanks rolled in and crushed the goddess beneath their treads, but her symbolic power remains, and her likeness now appears in the form of commemorative statues throughout the world.
The authoritarian state may have won the battle, but the war for freedom lasts longer than our history textbooks would have us believe.
To read more about liberty, democracy, and the mismatch between them, see the complete article over at FEE.org. | <urn:uuid:009f2edb-f861-4a86-9472-df7c9aed4d5f> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://invisibleorder.com/2013/07/29/worshipping-the-wrong-goddess/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178362899.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20210301182445-20210301212445-00439.warc.gz | en | 0.968506 | 277 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Most laboratories and educational institutions are in need of precision stopwatch for accurate time measurement. This simple DIY project focuses on the construction of a stopwatch with 0.01-second accuracy. The stopwatch can be used for recording lap times in sports events by connecting a sensor across connector CON2.
Stopwatch circuit and working
The circuit diagram of the precision stopwatch is shown in Fig. 1. It is built around 7805 voltage regulator (IC1), AT89C4051 microcontroller (IC2), 4-digit common-anode 7-segment display (DIS1) and a few other components.
The circuit is powered from 230V AC mains via step-down transformer X1 (not shown here). X1 output (7.5V-0-7.5V AC) is rectified by diodes D1 and D2 and smoothened by capacitors C1 and C4.
Rectified DC voltage is regulated to 5V by 7805 and fed to the microcontroller circuit. The controller (IC2) runs at an oscillator frequency of 12MHz. This is achieved by connecting a 12MHz crystal across XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins of IC2.
Switch S1 is the power on/off switch for the circuit. Capacitors C2 and C3 are used for suppressing high-frequency signals generated by IC1. Capacitors C6 and C7 are decoupling capacitors for crystal. Capacitor C5, and resistor R8 forms a part of power-on reset circuit for IC2.
Switch S2 is used as manual reset for IC2 and to reset the counter to zero. S3 is used to start and stop the countdown timer. A 4-digit multiplexed 7-segment display is used for hardware simplicity and economic benefits. Fig. 2 shows pin details of the 4-digit common-anode 7-segment display.
When S1 is closed, DIS1 indicates 00.00. On pressing S3, DIS1 starts counting up until S3 is released. DIS1 indicates the last count value till S2 is pressed. Maximum count given by DIS1 is 99.99 seconds.
The software (stopwatch.c) is written in C language and compiled using Keil µVision V5 software. Delay in C language depends on the compiler. Sometimes, a small correction may be required on the delay loop for calibration purpose.
The hex code generated by Keil software is burnt into the microcontroller using a suitable programmer. A Topview Programmer was used for programming the microcontroller during testing. You can use any suitable software for programming the microcontroller.
Download source code
Construction and testing
A single-side PCB layout for the precision stopwatch is shown in Fig. 3 and its components layout in Fig. 4.
Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here
After assembling the circuit on the PCB, cross-check for any wrong connections. After burning the hex code into AT89C4051, place it on the PCB using an IC base. Fit the PCB, switches, connectors and DIS1 in a general-purpose cabinet.
Switch on the unit by closing S1. Ensure that DIS1 shows 00.00 reading. If not, check the circuit for any mistake(s). When you close S3, the display starts counting—open S3 and the counting stops.
If S3 is closed again, the display starts counting from the last count value. Compare the reading with a calibrated stopwatch. If there is a mismatch in the reading, adjust the delay loop in the code till exact timing is attained. At any time, press S2 momentarily to reset the display.
For a simple application, calibration may not be necessary, but for laboratory use, it is recommended to calibrate the unit. A Stopwatch can measure elapsed time for one interval, or the total of elapsed time across multiple intervals.
CON2 is provided for replacing S3 with an external switch or sensor. | <urn:uuid:39b282ef-f5bf-47db-9bfb-8388bf76900c> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/precision-stopwatch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587711.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025123123-20211025153123-00511.warc.gz | en | 0.851207 | 830 | 3.625 | 4 |
Scripture quotations are from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. May not copy or download more than 500 consecutive verses of the ESV Bible or more than one half of any book of the ESV Bible.
Note: We have a bonus page today! This picture is not found in the book, but the material for this post comes from notes taken during the same series of messages as the others. There are many parallels that can be drawn between Joseph and Jesus, so we still wanted to visit this picture today.
Fact About Christ: Christ, like Joseph, becomes the ruler of all the earth
Joseph is the last of the patriarchs of the book of Genesis. His story begins in Genesis chapter 37 and ends with his death in Genesis chapter 50. He lives a dramatic and colorful life, with many lessons we can draw out from it. Today, however, we will cover this main question: How does Joseph become ruler of all the earth?
Before we read the verses below, here is a quick summary of Joseph’s life. To begin, Joseph is the second youngest of Jacob’s twelve sons, who were herders in the land of Canaan. He was favored by his father above his other brothers, and so, they hated him. Moreover, Joseph caused them to hate him more by telling them of his prophetic dreams that showed, through figure, all his family members bowing down to him. His brothers conspire to kill him, but end up selling him as a slave to travelling traders instead. He is sold to an Egyptian man, an officer of Pharaoh, the captain of the guard. Despite Joseph’s situation, however, the Lord was with him and caused all that Joseph did to prosper, which led to his placement as overseer of that house. However, he is later thrown into jail because of a false accusation, where again, because the Lord was with him, he is put in charge of all the other prisoners. While Joseph was in jail he interpreted the dreams of two men, a cupbearer and a baker, whom Pharaoh had placed under custody. Two years later, Pharaoh has two consecutive dreams: the first, of seven plump and attractive cows eaten by seven that were ugly and thin, and the second of seven ears of grain, plump and good, followed by seven thin and blighted. The cupbearer remembers Joseph, who correctly interpreted his own dream two years prior, and thus Joseph was brought out of jail and to Pharaoh. Joseph interprets the dreams, telling Pharaoh that they represented seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine, and advises Pharaoh to appoint a wise and discerning man to oversee the storage of one-fifth of the grain during the years of plenty. To this, Pharaoh agrees, appointing Joseph as that man. And this brings us to the following set of verses.
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph’s hand, and clothed him in garments of fine linen and put a gold chain about his neck. And he made him ride in his second chariot. And they called out before him, “Bow the knee!” Thus he set him over all the land of Egypt.– Genesis 41:41-43
Joseph was thirty years old when he entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt. During the seven plentiful years the earth produced abundantly, and he gathered up all the food of these seven years, which occurred in the land of Egypt, and put the food in the cities. He put in every city the food from the fields around it. And Joseph stored up grain in great abundance, like the sand of the sea, until he ceased to measure it, for it could not be measured.– Genesis 41:46-49
The seven years of plenty that occurred in the land of Egypt came to an end, and the seven years of famine began to come, as Joseph had said. There was famine in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. When all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread. Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph. What he says to you, do.”
So when the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe in the land of Egypt. Moreover, all the earth came to Egypt to Joseph to buy grain, because the famine was severe over all the earth.– Genesis 41:53-57
Now there was no food in all the land, for the famine was very severe, so that the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan languished by reason of the famine. And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, in exchange for the grain that they bought. And Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s house. And when the money was all spent in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph and said, “Give us food. Why should we die before your eyes? For our money is gone.” And Joseph answered, “Give your livestock, and I will give you food in exchange for your livestock, if your money is gone.” So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food in exchange for the horses, the flocks, the herds, and the donkeys. He supplied them with food in exchange for all their livestock that year. And when that year was ended, they came to him the following year and said to him, “We will not hide from my lord that our money is all spent. The herds of livestock are my lord’s. There is nothing left in the sight of my lord but our bodies and our land. Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land for food, and we with our land will be servants to Pharaoh. And give us seed that we may live and not die, and that the land may not be desolate.”– Genesis 47:13-19
So Joseph, though hated by his countrymen and beginning his life in Egypt as a slave, eventually becomes the ruler of all the land of Egypt under Pharaoh. At thirty years old, he begins his service, storing grain in great abundance, even to the point that it is unmeasurable. And when the famine comes and people begin to cry out to Pharaoh for bread, he says this: Go to Joseph. And not only do the people of Egypt go to Joseph for bread, but even all the earth comes to Egypt, to Joseph, to buy grain.
From the beginning, Joseph is already given authority over all the land of Egypt, yet here we see something even further. The famine is so severe that the people give all their money, then all their livestock, then eventually all their land and even their own bodies for food. To whom? To Joseph. Eventually the whole earth is under the headship of one man. How? He had all the food. Go to Joseph.
What does the New Testament say about it?
Then the chief priests and the elders of the people gathered in the palace of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, and plotted together in order to arrest Jesus by stealth and kill him.– Matthew 26:3-4
But emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men.– Philippians 2:7
Jesus, when he began his ministry, was about thirty years of age, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli,– Luke 3:23
And he put all things under his feet and gave him as head over all things to the church,– Ephesians 1:22
Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, you are seeking me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate your fill of the loaves. Do not work for the food that perishes, but for the food that endures to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give to you. For on him God the Father has set his seal.”– John 6:26-27
There are many parallels to be found between Joseph’s life and the life of Jesus. Jesus, like Joseph, was hated and plotted against by His countrymen. He came into the world (which Egypt often typifies) as a bond-servant. He began His ministry at the age of thirty. In His resurrection, God placed all things under His feet, making Him head over all. Lastly, and most importantly to this post, He has food. Real food.
So what does this picture say about Christ?
You want to know how the Lord becomes the ruler of all the earth? He has real food. Not food that perishes, but food that endures to eternal life. It’s not because of His love, nor His righteousness, nor miracles of power and might. But his ruling is wonderful in this way: He rules because He alone has food. Food that nourishes. Food that strengthens. Food that sustains and endures to eternal life. When you do not have food, you quickly realize how little other things matter. There is a saying that roughly goes: Every society is nine meals away from anarchy. When there is no food, people are willing to give everything to get it. Their money, their livestock, their lands, and even their own bodies. But even if you are willing to give all, there needs to be someone who can give food in return! In that time of famine, what does Pharaoh say to the people? Go to Joseph! He has unmeasurable stores of grain. This is who Christ is. He can gain our money, our possessions, our living, and our very lives, because He is the only one who can satisfy our real need. Go to Christ! He has a boundless storehouse of grain.
What does this mean for me as a Christian?
We need to appreciate the power of food. The power of nourishment. When someone comes into contact with you, they should be able to sense that you have real food. People are able to give themselves fully to Christ when they receive real food. This is how Christ will gain the whole earth for Himself. He’s the only one with the food. We don’t need to win the world out of our own storehouses, out of our own ideas or efforts. But we just need to learn how to be a good cook. How to bring people to the storehouse that is Christ. May our living reflect the cry of the psalmist, “Oh, taste and see that the Lord is good!” (Psalm 34:8).
Have any inspirations or questions about the content of the article? Or do you just want to say hello and introduce yourself? We’d love to hear from all our readers! Leave a comment or send an email to email@example.com with the title of this post in the subject line. If you are burning to engage with us, but don’t know what to say, here are some questions that could be a help:
- The Lord will gain the world through “real food.” Is there any “real food” that has been sustaining you in recent times? Is there someone in your life with whom you can share that “real food”?
- The Egyptians didn’t give their land and their own selves right away, but rather had a few steps. Likewise, we often do not give ourselves wholly to the Lord all at once. What were some “steps” you had in your own walk with the Lord?
- Just like Pharaoh says, “Go to Joseph,” the Father says “Go to Christ.” What is one way we can grow to have Christ as all our delight, just as the Father has all His delight in Him? | <urn:uuid:5d582a89-e89d-4383-aca3-af9e7292c914> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://asweetsavor.org/156-pictures-of-christ-in-the-old-testament-joseph/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.981472 | 2,555 | 2.78125 | 3 |
New and Ancient Ripple Marks
May 12, 2003
On the photo at left, a brisk onshore breeze, blowing across a shallow tidal pool, created the long, parallel sets of asymmetrical ripple marks on a beach in Maine. This photo was taken in August of 2002 by Chris Kluge. Modern ripple marks provide clues to what the environment may have been like eons ago. On the photo at right, taken earlier this month, west of Denver, Colorado, ripples preserved in ancient sandstones (estimated to be 130 million years old) bear a remarkable similarity to those found on modern beaches. This area was once the shore of a vast sea -- ripples in the sands of that shoreline were preserved in the South Platte Formation of the Dakota Group. Today, those fossil ripple marks are exposed on the steeply dipping, eastern flank of Dinosaur Ridge near Morrison, Colorado. These Cretaceous sandstones also contain several very clear theropod and ornithopod dinosaur track-ways. | <urn:uuid:09e9ef61-b4c7-4882-872e-f23a9aec215b> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2003/05/new-and-ancient-ripple-marks.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802764752.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075244-00124-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942728 | 203 | 3.5 | 4 |
OverviewThe third highest mountain in the Pyrenees, ranking only below Pico de Aneto and Posets, it was described by the frenchman Louis Ramond de Carbonnières as "the most beautiful limestone peak in Europe". Monte Perdido stands as the highest summit in the Massif of the 3 Sorores (the other two being Cilindro de Marboré and Soum de Ramond) and offers an easy way to cross over the barrier of three thousand meters for the first time. The date of the first succesful climbing is still not clear, though the first documented one is that of the french guides Laurens and Rondo in 1802 (6th August), paid by Louis Ramond de Carbonnières and accompanied by an unknown local shepherd. The spanish topographer Vicente Heredia might have summited about ten years before, though, according to some french documents of the end of the 18th century. The easiest route is a quite steep walk-up in the summer, going over a scree corridor in the north side of the peak. In winter time, though, it becomes a snow and ice climb and calls for the use of piolet and crampons. Impressive sights from the summit if you are lucky enough to climb it in a clear day.
A word about the name"Monte Perdido" is the spanish translation of the french "Mont Perdu", in english "Lost Mountain". For the spaniards living in nearby valleys this name had no logics, nor meaning. It was not a lost mountain for them, as it could be seen (in clear weather) from places as far away as Zaragoza. They knew the whole massif (Monte Perdido, Soum de Ramond and Cilindro de Marboré) as "Tres Sorores" (that is: three sisters) or "Treserols". Meanwhile, french people knew it as "Mont Perdu" because of its obvious tendency to disappear (hidden by the Cilindro de Marboré and Pic de Marboré) as one travelled south and approached the border through the Gave de Gavarnie.
Getting ThereMonte Perdido is placed in the spanish National Park of Ordesa and Monte Perdido, with two main accesses. The best option is to drive until you get to the village of Torla or the valley of Pineta (about 13 km west from Bielsa).
Out of the high season, you can drive into the National Park from Torla. In summer and Easter Holidays you have to leave the car at the big parking in the entrance of Torla. Public buses start from that point and take you to the Park, right at the point to start walking (la pradera de Ordesa).
There is also an old path leading from Torla into the National Park, which begins at the lower part of the village. It takes an additional 2 hours to reach la pradera this way.
NEAREST MAJOR AIRPORTS: Zaragoza / Barcelona (323 km).
ROAD ACCESS: From Zaragoza to Huesca, excellent highway. After that you have two main possibilitiesa) Road number N-330 to Sabiñánigo, across the tunnels of Monrepos. After Sabiñánigo you have to get road N260 north for 13 km and turn right at Biescas following the road C-138 (road signs "Ordesa"). Then you cross the Col of Cotefablo and after 24 km turn left at the crossroads marked Torla. From that point on it's only 2 km to the parking lot or 8 km to the pradera de Ordesa.
During the summer season and some additional holidays (such as Easter week, check dates), access of private vehicles to the Ordesa Canyon is forbidden. In such a case, you must leave your car at Torla and take one of the buses serving the traject to the old parking of La Pradera. Either that, or walk along the old path (Camino Viejo) for a couple of hours.
b) If you want to enter the Park by Pineta (eastern access), turn right at Huesca and follow road signs to Barbastro (road N-240). After this town, follow road number N-123 (direction Graus) and turn left on road n. C-138 to El Grado and Aínsa. When you reach this last village do not leave that road, follow north the signs to Bielsa or Francia. After 33 km, in Bielsa you can find the crossroads to turn left and reach the Parador Nacional de Pineta (National Hotel) in 13 more km.
BUS ACCESS: The bus company "La Oscense" serves the village of Torla starting from Sabiñánigo or from Aínsa. More details available at http://www.alosa.es. Phone contacts are 974355060 (in Jaca) and 974480045 (in Sabiñánigo).
Another possibility is Hudebus, a company serving the line from Sabiñánigo to Aínsa and back (including stops at Torla and Broto, the villages placed closest to the Park). Phone number 974213277 (in Huesca)
RAILWAY ACCESS: The nearest rail stations are the ones at Sabiñánigo and Barbastro. This means that a minimum of forty kilometers will stand between you and the National Park from any of them. Additional transport will therefore be required (see "Bus access").
IMPORTANT: Monte Perdido is a quite long climb. Most people allow for a night at the Góriz Mountain Hut, but the place is not too big and reservations are highly recommended. Moreover, the hut belongs to a nearby Council and some problems have arisen lately about the issue of keeping it open or not. Remember: the whole climb crosses a National Park. That means extreme care and respect for the fabulous wildlife of Ordesa Canyon.
The National Park Regulations, as apported to this page by Diego Sahagún are the following:
PRUG (Real Decreto 409/1995):
- Free camping is forbidden. It's permited to vivy or camp using a tent lower than 1.3 m/ 4 ft 3.25 in, wich would be taken down at dawn. This practice is allowed above these heights:
Ordesa area: 2.100 m (Clavijas de Soaso)
Añisclo area: 1.800 m (Fuen Blanca)
Escuaín area: 1.800 m (La Ralla)
Pineta area: 2.500 m (Balcón de Pineta / Bolán de Marmorés)
- Sports aside hiking, climbing, ski-mountaineering and speleology are forbidden.
- The sale of commercial products is not allowed
- It's forbidden to swim in the rivers, streams and lakes
When To ClimbThe right moment to climb Monte Perdido depends on your readiness to accept some risks. If you are an expert mountaineer and familiar with winter conditions, winter time can be nice in spite of the short days but winter climbing should be restricted to the normal route. Be specially careful in the upper section of the Normal Route Corridor, it is particularly steep and almost every winter some climber gets killed there.
If you don't want to run into any special problems, summer is the best possible time for this summit. Long days with lots of sun and clear sights from the top.
Miscellaneous InfoFor weather information, one of the most reliable sources that I know of is the French Institute of Meteorology (http://www.meteo.fr). You can also trust the Spanish Institute (http://www.inm.es) and http://www.barrabes.com/eltiempo/meteo.asp (this is a private web page of a mountaineering shop in Benasque, Spain. It offers good weather information).
The most complete page about the National Park, including information on lodging and almost any kind of activity you can undertake over there.
Web page of the Góriz Mountain Hut. English, french and spanish language versions available.
Summitpost page about another climb in the National Park of Ordesa and Monte Perdido. Fine information on how to get there and lodging facilities
Rock and Ice climbing School and Mountain Guiding.
Additions and Corrections[ Post an Addition or Correction ] | <urn:uuid:710ee55b-b924-4ed1-aa33-b028391a9c67> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.summitpost.org/monte-perdido/150948 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720973.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00206-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905398 | 1,808 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Today, ActionAid launches its new report Fuel for Thought, urging social issues arising from EU biofuel policies to be tackled. The report reveals that biofuel policies are driving up global food prices and pushing people in poor countries off their land.
When the European Union passed the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in 2009, social issues were omitted. There are criteria covering some environmental issues – but nothing on whether large scale plantations displace people, the impacts on women and food security, working conditions and so on. All the European Commission has to do is report on social issues every two years.
The first report from the Commission is due at the end of 2012. ActionAid’s new report shows that many human rights – the right to land, water, food, decent jobs etc – are already being violated across the globe by biofuel land grabs. EU companies are grabbing land in order to meet the EU target whereby 10% of transport fuel must come from renewable sources by 2020 (a sub target in the RED). EU member states plan to fill as much as 88% of this target using biofuels.
The ActionAid report reveals that communities from eleven villages in Tanzania were affected when a British company seized 8,200 hectares of land to grow fuel for the European market. While in Guatemala – a country that the EU labels as being a significant supplier of biofuels for the European market – the grabbing of land for sugar production has resulted in violent clashes and 3 deaths.
The report also highlights that increased demand for biofuels may push global food prices to crisis levels; EU’s biofuels policies alone could push up oilseed prices by up to 33%, maize by up to 22%, sugar by up to 21% and wheat by up to 10%, between now and 2020. And rather than being the sustainable answer to climate change that many people expected, there is a solid evidence base that biofuels contribute to extra CO2 emissions instead of helping to reduce them.
The report comes during the week when many of the world’s biggest energy businesses prepare to discuss their ideas for ‘clean’ energy with ministers from 23 countries around the globe at London’s Clean Energy Ministerial on 25th- 26th April.
As the report makes clear, most biofuels, particularly those produced on an industrial scale, are not clean; they have significant environmental and social impacts and should not be part of the UK, EU or global energy mix.
Ultimately, we believe that the UK and the EU should drop their misguided targets. If you agree, sign our petition! | <urn:uuid:d9140675-d7e4-4fb5-8273-a8b33e6d41c7> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.actionaid.org.uk/campaign/campaign-blog/2012/04/25/human-rights-violations-broken-promises-and-land-grabs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500826259.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021346-00410-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960959 | 528 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The gift of Banh Chung during the New Year has become the most important tradition of Vietnamese culture and was passed down from one generation to the next. Always curious about the foods that play such an important role in cultural traditions, I attended a cooking demonstration by Chef Haley Nguyen of Xanh Bistro in Fountain Valley, CA and learned about the legend behind Banh Chung, how the rice cakes are made, and how it became a symbol of Tet.
A traditional food gift for the Lunar New Year, Chef Haley Nguyen demonstrated the fine art of wrapping the square cakes of rice, mung bean and pork in banana leaves and then boiling them. In front of a small, but avid group of Vietnamese food and culture lovers, she shared a bit of the legend behind banh chung: rice is the staff of life for the people and the banana leaves signify the love of parents who would always protect their children; and the difference between square and round shapes (square cakes represent life on earth and is the tradition in northern Vietnam and the round shape stands for heaven above and is from the south).
Preparations for Chinese New Year (also known as Lunar New Year, Tet Festival, and Spring Festival) and welcoming the Year of the Dragon on January 23rd, have been underway for weeks in Asian households around the world. Although the Lunar New Year is observed in all of East Asia influenced by Chinese civilization, each country celebrates it in a way unique to that country. For the Vietnamese and Chinese people, 2012 is the Year of the Dragon (it doesn’t always coincide with the Chinese animal). Being born in the Year of the Dragon is considered most desirable, especially for boys, as the Dragon has been the symbol of royalty for thousands of years and is believed to bring luck, strength, royalty, wisdom, and a promising future.
Each year when celebrations for the Lunar New Year begin, I’m reminded of the cultural tour I took with my friend Monique to learn about the many symbols and customs associated with Tet and this most important of all Asian holidays. We met at the ABC Supermarket shopping center at Bolsa and Brookhurst in what’s known as Little Saigon in Westminster.
Only 10:30 a.m. and traffic was backed up on Brookhurst and the parking lot was swarming with erratic drivers looking for a spot. I parked way in the back.
Flowers are an important part of decorating a home for Chinese New Year. Plum blossom and water narcissus are the two flowers most associated with the New Year.
In the midst of the crush of shoppers and staccato sounds of a foreign language, were two monks walking, eyes cast downward, moving silently amongst the crowd carrying a bamboo container tucked under their robes, discreetly revealed only when a passer-by offers a few dollars.
Tangerines, oranges and pomelos are frequently displayed in homes and stores. Tangerines are symbolic of good luck and oranges are symbolic of wealth. The first store we entered had a tangerine tree decorated with lai-see envelopes (also called hong-bao). Money is placed inside the red envelopes and given to children and young adults as gifts.
Traditional gifts given to families are rice cakes called banh chung made from white rice, marinated strips of pork and yellow mung beans. I had wanted to photograph Monique making a traditional New Years food but she said that everyone buys these in stores now because they are too labor intensive to make at home. I read a very touching article by Ky-Phong Tran in the Orange County Register recalling memories of his grandfather making the rice cakes every New Year – the only thing he ever made – and how this tradition was his father’s way of reaching back 35 years and 8,000 miles to his childhood in the homeland.
Piled high were colorful containers of candies and nuts that are given as gifts also.
From here we went to the fruit market where Monique identified the exotic fruits for me and described their taste and how they’re eaten. There was dragon fruit, an exotic lemon that looks like it has “fingers”, gigantic jack fruit whose seeds are boiled and taste like chestnuts, prickly durian that’s called “stinky fruit” and has a custardy filling. I bought a package of mangostine which are cracked open and has white fruit segments similar to an orange.
Monique purchased some traditional Vietnamese desserts, made from rice and similar to what we know as tapioca or rice pudding, and bought plum blossoms for her home from a familiar vendor with a better price than the ones we priced earlier.
More commotion erupted when the police and zoning people arrived and vendors were told that they couldn’t be spilling over into the fire lane and some were sent packing because they had no sellers license.
The week ahead brings the parades and pageantry of Tet Festival followed by 10 days of celebrating the Year of the Dragon with family and friends.
Chuc Mung Nam Moi! | <urn:uuid:88c7f6c1-3933-4834-af00-607327feeb69> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://shescookin.com/tet-traditions-and-the-lunar-new-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463612399.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20170529145935-20170529165935-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.967686 | 1,044 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria
MetadataShow full item record
AuthorPeralta-Sánchez, Juan Manuel; Martín Platero, Antonio Manuel; Ariza Romero, Juan José; Rabelo Ruiz, Miguel; Zurita González, María Jesús; Baños, Alberto; Rodríguez Ruano, Sonia; Maqueda Abreu, Mercedes; Valdivia Martínez, Dolores Eva; Martínez Bueno, Manuel
Frontiers in Media
Bacterial communityEgg productionEnterococcus faecalis UGRA10High-throughput sequencingLaying hens
Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martín-Platero AM, Ariza-Romero JJ, Rabelo-Ruiz M, Zurita-González MJ, Baños A, Rodríguez-Ruano SM, Maqueda M, Valdivia E and Martínez-Bueno M (2019) Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 10:1042.
SponsorshipThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo (Junta de Andalucía), the University of Granada- CEI BioTic (Project No. P-BS-37), and the INTERCONECTA program (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness). JP-S was funded by Junta de Andalucia (Proyectos de Excelencia 2011- RNM-8147).
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibioticresistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment. | <urn:uuid:211fe019-15ad-42a1-affe-1c285c3667f3> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/62043 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500074.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203185547-20230203215547-00125.warc.gz | en | 0.748467 | 700 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Creating posters has been a staple of so many classrooms of different ages. Usually, it entails gathering some important supplies before starting -- posterboard, glue, markers, etc.
Many teachers will round up old magazines, too, letting students cut and attach images that illustrate their topics.
The digital age has opened classrooms up to a figurative stack of magazines that's virtually unlimited, searchable and easily usable. Plus, you don't have to clean up little bits of cut-up magazine off the floor when you use them.
I'm talking about Creative Commons images. There are lots of them. Generally, they can be used very freely by students in virtually any project or activity.
Copyright vs. Creative Commons
If students are looking for photos and don't have any training on where to find them, where do they often turn? In my experience, it's Google Images.
The problem: a standard Google Images search returns lots of copyright-protected images. Students aren't supposed to use them in their work without receiving permission, and they definitely shouldn't publish them to the web.
The solution: Use Creative Commons photos with proper attribution. (We'll get to that part in a moment.)
Here's a rough analogy I use to explain the difference between copyrighted images and Creative Commons images when I present to teachers:
Copyrighted images (all rights reserved): It's like the photographer is saying, "This picture is mine. Mine, mine, mine. And you can't have it. Unless I say you can."
Creative Commons images: It's like the photographer is saying, "This picture is mine. I'm the creator. But you can use it. Just use it in this way only and say where you got it."
Copyright and Creative Commons licenses aren't just limited to images. They apply to videos, music, content on websites, books and more.
10 Sources of Creative Commons images
Here are some examples of storehouses of tons of images that students can include in their reports, papers, presentations and websites:
1. Creative Commons Search (search.creativecommons.org)
This site gives easy access to several search engines that make Creative Commons works accessible. It's a portal to finding Creative Commons images, video, music and other media. Its image search relies heavily on Google Images searches (set to search only Creative Commons images) or Flickr searches. I won't include Google Images or Flickr below because I always use the Creative Commons Search when I want to access them because it's quick and easy. (Note: Flickr is blocked by some school Internet filters, but Google Images generally is not.)
2. Photos For Class (photosforclass.com)
Giving accurate attribution can to Creative Commons content can be a struggle (something I'll get to momentarily). One way to be sure you're fairly giving credit to the author of Creative Commons images is to use Photos For Class. This site finds images from Flickr's hundreds of thousands of Creative Commons images and automatically embeds the attribution information (i.e. author, website where it was found, link, license, etc.). The photo to the left is an example from Photos For Class. This way, even very young students can use Creative Commons images in a responsible way.
3. Google Apps (drive.google.com)
Google gives users quick access to add a Creative Commons image to a document, slide presentation or drawing in Google Apps. Insert an image (Use "Insert > Image ..." from the menu or the image icon). Then select "Search" from the tabs at the top. This search's default setting is "labeled for commercial reuse with modification" (one of the license types we'll see in a moment). These images insert directly into your Google file without having to leave to go to another website. (See animated GIF at right to watch it in action.)
4. PhotoPin (photopin.com)
PhotoPin was built to give bloggers access to quality Creative Commons photos, but it can be used by anyone. It does access images through Flickr, so, again, if your school's Internet filter blocks Flickr, this one may not work.
5. EveryStockPhoto (everystockphoto.com)
This site pulls photos from a variety of Creative Commons sources.
Creative Commons images aren't the only ones students can use in their work. Photos labeled "public domain" have even fewer restrictions. The intellectual property rights for these images, according to Wikipedia, "have expired, been forfeited or are inapplicable." Public domain photos can be inserted into any work without need for any attribution. Some sources of public domain images:
6. Pixabay (pixabay.com)
This site contains a variety of types of images, ranging from clip art to original photos, that are labeled "public domain." Note: Some of Pixabay's images aren't kid friendly.
7. Pikwizard (pikwizard.com)
This site has over 100,000 free images and videos, with 20,000 of those exclusive to Pikwizard. All of which are free to use without attribution. You can also take each image and edit it on their graphic design tool, Design Wizard!
8. Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Wikimedia Commons's well-known cousin, Wikipedia, is a free, open-source encyclopedia of sorts. Wikimedia Commons does the same for different types of media. All of Wikimedia Commons's media is free to use under Creative Commons licenses or public domain, depending on the image.
9. Compfight (compfight.com)
Compfight says on its site that it is "an image search engine tailored to efficiently locate images for blogs, comps, inspiration, and research." It searches images on Flickr and displays licensing information so you can use the images appropriately.
10. Unsplash (Unsplash.com)
Much like Pixabay, unsplash offers a whole searchable gallery of photos that you can use for commercial and noncommercial purposes. Unsplash does not require you to ask permission from or provide credit to the photographer or Unsplash but as they note, it is appreciated when possible.
BONUS! Museums, art galleries and archives
Here's a comprehensive list of collections of art and other images that are in the public domain.
Different licenses and attribution
When people refer to Creative Commons, they're not referring to a single type of license. Rather, they're referring to a spectrum of different licenses that provide different permissions. They're defined by these conditions:
- Attribution: How to give credit to the author (All Creative Commons licenses require attribution)
- Non-commercial: Whether you can profit from your use of the work
- No derivative works: Whether you can change/modify the work
- Share alike: Whether you can share the work under a different license
My favorite explanation of the differences is in this infographic created on Foter: http://foter.com/blog/how-to-attribute-creative-commons-photos/ In fact, I printed it out as a visual reference for my students (completely legal under the Creative Commons license placed on that infographic!).
Armed with beautiful images being used legally, think of what students can create with their own creativity! And they'll be doing it responsibly!
How have you and your students used Creative Commons images and other media? Where do you find your images? | <urn:uuid:509c71fc-c651-446b-b4e1-7d645bfb94d2> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://ditchthattextbook.com/how-to-get-and-use-free-images-the-right-way-in-class/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738735.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811055449-20200811085449-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.899944 | 1,538 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Rosh Hashanah, the New Year for the Jewish people marks 5775 on the Jewish calendar and is one of the seven Jewish feasts days that the Jews celebrate on a yearly basis. It is a feast also known as the Feast of Trumpets, a Holy day that is very family oriented in the Jewish community.
The Jews believe that it was 5,775 years ago when God created the heavens, the earth and all that in them is, a fact that lends itself to the belief that we are living on a young earth.
Jimmy's Prophetic Prospective on the News
As hundreds of shofars, which is the rams horn, are being blown in Jerusalem at the Western Wall,
Jews mark the first of the three fall feast days; the Feasts of Trumpets, known also as Rosh Hashanah, or the New Year. Jews celebrate 5775 as their New Year. Jews also believe that 5,775 years ago the Lord created the heavens, the earth and all that in them is.
God's chosen people also believe that the act of Creation took place on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which orthodox Jewish scholarship believes is the original sight of the Garden of Eden, Isaiah 51:3 and Ezekiel 36:35.
According to the record of scripture, Jesus Christ fulfilled the prophetic significance of the four spring Jewish Feasts. Jesus Christ was crucified on Passover, He was buried on Unleavened Bread, He resurrected on First Fruits and the Holy Spirit came to Jerusalem on the Feast of Pentecost, as the Lord had promised.
The next Feast to be fulfilled will be the Feast of Trumpets, or Rosh Hashanah, and that happens when Jesus Christ comes back to the earth, I'm not talking about the Rapture of the Church, I am talking about the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, and that is the time when Jesus will tell the angel to blow the trumpet and call a solemn assembly, that's found in Matthew 24:31.
This Rosh Hashanah, the New Year for the Jewish people, the Feast of Trumpets is indeed a reminder that Bible prophecy will be fulfilled. | <urn:uuid:00eab63b-4af4-4517-971b-bdc6bea17bb9> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://news.prophecytoday.com/2014_09_25_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119637.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00176-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961965 | 442 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Genes exert a powerful influence on the risk of Alzheimer disease. Three genes have been discovered for the rare forms of Alzheimer's disease that begin in mid-life (ages 40-60 years). Scientists estimate that a half a dozen genes for Alzheimer's disease are yet to be discovered.
What will participation in this study entail?
For both of the siblings enrolled in the study, we seek to obtain:
Detailed family and medical history
Memory testing in person or over the phone
History of everyday activities and function
Magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) of the head
Blood sample for white cells containing DNA
Who is eligible to participate in this study?
We are looking for:
one sibling who has progressive memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease AND
one sibling who has intact memory abilities
60 years or older
How can I enroll in this study?
This study is currently enrolling volunteers. If interested, please contact:
Maya Slowinska (firstname.lastname@example.org)
University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
Phone: (323) 442-7600 | <urn:uuid:2f6b983d-3c0b-46e4-a573-332b633a35a4> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.usc.edu/schools/medicine/departments/psychiatry_behavioralsciences/research/gsc/research/study_mirage.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042981921.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00093-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906036 | 226 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Common names: Oyster Mushroom, Hiratake, Tamogitake, Píng Gu, Sadafi, Chippikkoon, Oyster Shelf, Tree Oyster, Straw Mushroom
Natural habitat: Mainly on dying or dead broadleaf hardwoods. Common all around the world.
Appropriate substrate: Cereal straw (wheat, oats, rye, karog ), paper, coffee pulp, cornstalks, sugarcane bagasse, hardwood (cottonwoods, oaks, alders, maples, aspens, ash, beech, birch, elm, willows, poplars) and grasses (Teff.)
Preferred substrate: Cereal straw (wheat, oats, rye, karog ) and grasses then wood.
Usage: Edible mushroom, vital mushroom
The oyster mushroom is relatively easy to cultivate. The mycelium of this Pleurotus species is robust and therefore very popular in commercial cultivation. Fruiting bodies become 5 to 15 cm in diameter. The cap is grayish brown to violet.
Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in B-vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, vitamin C, vitamin D (calciferol) and folic acid. One fourth of the dry matter of Pleurotus is proteins, containing all essential amino acids. The most important compounds of pleurotus are lovastatin and the polysaccharide pleuran.
Incubation Temp: 18 – 22 ˚C
Duration: 12 – 21 days
Fresh Air Exchange: 1 per hour
Initiation Temp: 12 – 16 ˚C
Relative Humidity: 95 – 100%
Duration: 3 – 5 Days
Fresh Air Exchange: 4 – 8 per hour
Light Requirement: 750 – 1500 lux
Temp: 16 – 24 ˚C
Relative Humidity: 85 – 90%
Duration: 4 – 7 Days (Relative to temperature)
Fresh Air Exchange: 4 – 8 per hour (Relative to temperature)
Cropping Cycle: Three Crops, 7 – 14 days apart | <urn:uuid:f2469264-6f6c-4d2b-9e58-b3d528005b2f> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://www.funguys.co.za/shop-spawn/mushroom-seed-spawn/grey-oyster-mushroom-grain-spawn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511122.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017090419-20181017111919-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.750726 | 461 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Modernism in Scandinavia: Art Architecture and Design (Bloomsbury Academic, 2017) is a new study of Nordic modernism, its complex reality and its effects on our understanding of the Modern Movement. The author, Dr. Charlotte Ashby (b. 1979), provides a rich analysis of the art, architecture and design history of the Nordic region, and of modernism as a concept and mode of practice. The book spans over eight decades between 1890 and 1970 and ranges across Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland.
The contents of Modernism in Scandinavia: Art, Architecture and Design have been arranged chronologically and built around a set of case studies which Dr. Ashby analyses against the backdrop of societal progress and regional cultural history. The case studies – such as Helene Schjerfbeck’s The Seamstress (1905), Puu-Käpylä by Martti Välikangas (1925), or the Culture House and the Bank of Sweden by Peter Celsing (1966–76) – have been selected to give a sense of the wider cultural forces shaping the period. Ashby’s analysis also discusses the surrounding infrastructure of influential cultural institutions, the professionalization of art and design practice, and the markets within which works were produced. The book aims to give a coherent picture of change over time and a sense of the key ideas relating to modernity, history, and identity that shaped the development of Modernism in the Scandinavian region.
Dr. Ashby was awarded her PhD in 2007 from the University of St Andrews, Scotland. She lectures in the history of design at Birkbeck, University of London and Oxford, and her research focuses on modernity, nationalism and the transnational in 19th- and 20th-century European art and design. Read our interview with Dr Ashby on our blog. | <urn:uuid:8a80d23e-143a-4ee2-b433-384b415999c1> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.bookm-ark.fi/product/modernism-in-scandinavia-art-architecture-and-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257644877.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317100705-20180317120705-00598.warc.gz | en | 0.937932 | 382 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Great question! Now games controllers can have as many as fourteen buttons – some to start the game, some to run or crouch and some to make characters do special moves.
The buttons might do different things but they have one thing in common – they’re all switches.
When you press a button, the switch is turned on, and when you lift your finger off, the switch is turned off.
Inside the controller are circuits – these are like roads – they carry the ON and OFF electrical messages back to the computer. Now as games can be fast and furious, this can mean dozens of messages rushing around every second!
The messages are labelled so that the computer can tell which message came from which button. The computer then passes the messages to the game software – that’s the instructions which run the game.
Special codes in the software make images change or create sounds or even vibrate the controllers. When messages come in from the controller, they’re checked against the software and if there’s a match, the code will make the right thing happen.
Maybe that means your character will jump until you take your finger off the button, when the message coming in from that button will stop and the code will stop too. | <urn:uuid:e1069d49-16c4-4647-a91a-739e29ef8b07> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.funkidslive.com/learn/techno-mum/how-do-game-controllers-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00417-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931669 | 256 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Marlow's two hundred-mile hike to the Central Station reinforces the Company's lack of organization and brutality. Passing through deserted and razed villages, his perception of the Company becomes sharper. His journey ends at the Central Station, where Marlow spends the remainder of Part 1. Like the Company's European headquarters and the Outer Station, this place reeks of waste, inhumanity, and death. Earlier in the novel, Marlow states that he would, in time, "become acquainted with a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly" — now, at the Central Station, he remarks, "the first glance of the place was enough to let you see the flabby devil was running that show." No longer the enthusiastic sailor, Marlow grows increasingly suspicious and judgmental of what he sees. The fact that he learns, upon his arrival, that his steamboat is at the bottom of the river only increases his ire and suspicion.
A noteworthy segment of Part 1 concerns Kurtz's painting, which Marlow sees hanging in the Brickmaker's room. The painting depicts a woman, blindfolded, carrying a lighted torch. Clearly, this woman reminds one of the usual personification of justice, while the torch suggests the Company bringing the "light" of civilization into the "Dark Continent." (Recall Marlow's aunt and her hope that Marlow will help those "ignorant" savages become more civilized.) The woman in the painting also symbolizes the Company, which willingly blindfolds itself to the horrors it perpetuates in the name of profit; it also recalls the Company's ineptitude and the ways in which it "blindly" stumbles through Africa.
This painting also symbolizes its creator. Like the blindfolded woman, Kurtz once yearned to bring the "light" of civilization and progress to the "dark" continent. (This explains the torch coming out of the darkness.) At the end of his life, however, Kurtz changes his position, most markedly apparent when Marlow reads a handwritten line in one of Kurtz's reports urging, "Exterminate all the brutes!" Thus, according to the painting, Europe puts on a show of bringing "light" — but this light ultimately reveals a "sinister" appearance, which marks the woman's face. Here, Conrad foreshadows what Kurtz will be like when Marlow meets him: a man who once held high ideals about bringing "justice" and "light" to the Congo, but who became "sinister" once he arrived there.
One of Conrad's personifications of the "flabby" (because it has "devoured" Africa), "pretending" (because it masquerades its avarice in the name of enlightenment), and "weak-eyed" (because it refuses to "see" the effects of its work) Company is the Manager. He has no education, is a "common trader," inspires "neither fear nor love," creates "uneasiness" in all who meet him, and lacks any "genius for organizing." All Marlow is able to conclude is that he "was never ill" and is able to keep the supply of ivory flowing to European ports. Marlow's growing perceptions soon allow him to understand that the Company possesses "not an atom of foresight or of serious intention" and that "To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire, with no more moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe."
At this point, Conrad increases the amount of rumors and half-truths that Marlow (and the reader) begins to hear about "the man who is so indissolubly connected" with Marlow's journey: Kurtz. As Heart of Darkness progresses, Conrad's emphasis shifts from Marlow's desire to explore the "snake" of the Congo to his longing to meet this shadowy figure. Kurtz is first mentioned by the Accountant, who calls him "a first-class agent" and "a remarkable person" who "sends in as much ivory as the others put together." The Manager, however, speaks of Kurtz in more ambiguous terms.
In spite of his claims of concern for Kurtz, the Manager is actually sabotaging Kurtz and doing everything in his power to ensure that he will die at the Inner Station. His motive? Professional jealousy. Marlow notices "an air of plotting" at the station and later overhears the Manager speaking to his uncle (the leader of the Eldorado Exploring Expedition), from which he learns the following things:
The Manager, against his will, was forced to send Kurtz to the interior of the jungle: "Am I the Manager — or am I not?" he asks.
Kurtz asked the administration to send him there with the idea of "showing what he could do."
The Manager fears that Kurtz "has the council by the nose" and has requested a position in the interior because he wants the Manager's job: "Conceive you — that ass! And he wants to be Manager!"
Continued on next page... | <urn:uuid:de3f6be7-5570-49a5-83db-ecbc836f13fc> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/h/heart-of-darkness/summary-and-analysis/part-1-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802768636.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075248-00147-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965676 | 1,068 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Interesting facts concerning the Church and Parish of Ashbury, Berkshire
(Reproduced here with kind permission from P.A.W.)
To Visitors to the Church of St. Mary the Virgin – Our Lady of the Vale
POINTS OF INTEREST AND WHAT TO LOOK FOR
1. THE PARISH OF ASHBURY
First mentioned in the Cartulary of Abingdon Abbey where it appears as the boundary of the dominions of Kinewulf, King of the West Saxons A.D. 688—757 (“Ichenilde Street to Essebury.”). Note that it is still the boundary of Wilts and Berkshire.
In 854 King Ethelwulf gave the village to ALCMUND who made it over to the ABBEY OF ABINGDON. The Parish at this time almost certainly included Compton and Uffington.
In 1544, after the dissolution of the Abbey, Henry VIII granted the Manor to the Earl of Essex of whom it was bought by the first Lord Craven who built Ashdown Park (to escape from the plague).
It has thus been held by only three owners since A.D. 854 —a period of eleven hundred years.
2. THE CHURCH
Of mixed styles of architecture.
SAXON The Saxon church has crumbled away, or it may have been built of wood.
NORMAN (1090-1150 A.D.) The South Doorway is a really choice specimen of this period. From outside, notice the zig-zag mouldings of the round arch. Notice how the level of the Churchyard has risen after 900 years of burials.
At the South West corner of the Nave you will notice the remains of the arch of the Norman church with the corresponding shaft on the other side.
The Domestic Fireplace at the West end of the North aisle is a most uncommon feature. The smoke used to be emitted from the gaping mouth of a Fiend gargoyle outside. (Local name, “The Devil’s Head”).
EARLY ENGLISH (A.D. 1189-1272) The main fabric of the Tower is 13th century. Notice the winding staircase and small lancet window, and the buttresses (outside). Also the quaint Churchwarden memorial leads into the vestry, dated 1704 etc.
DECORATED (A.D. 1272-1300) The Chancel and the two transepts. In the South Transept under the South window is a large cinque foiled arch and a piscina: this may have been the tomb of a founder or an Easter sepulchre. The ancient stone coffin was found in the churchyard.
Between the wall of this transept and the arch of the South aisle is an unusual kind of squint or hagioscope filled with good open tracery.
PERPENDICULAR (A.D. 1360-1547) The central arches with their mouldings. The Nave was built in the late style of this period to replace the Norman one. The roof is a beautiful one. Notice the carved heads of workmen (?) or local celebrities (?). The Porch with fan tracery, open windows and wall seats belong to this period. The Porch is rightly admired by everyone.
OTHER FEATURES NOT TO BE MISSED
1. The Priests’ cell or sacristy over the porch is particularly interesting and should be visited.
2. There are three ancient brasses in the chancel — two to former rectors dated 1448 and 1409, and one to a member of the de Walden family.
3. In the old chest a pair of Pre-Reformation alter candlesticks of brass and the top of a censer were found in 1794. The date was about the 13th century.
4. The Memorial Chapel of St. Hubert, the Patron of Hunting, was given in 1926 in memory of Evelyn, Countess of Craven, a founder of the Craven Hunt and patroness of the renowned Ashdown Choir.
The artist was Mr. Martin Tracers, F.S.A., of London.
* * * * *
3. THE VILLAGE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD
In the centre of Ashbury stands the Village Cross of Sacrifice ….. lest we forget …
1. THE MANOR HOUSE
A 15th century building, semi-fortified, with a deep moat on three sides (still remaining). It was probably the Grange of the surrounding lands farmed by the Abbey of Abingdon.
2. WAYLAND’S SMITHY
Situated in this Parish and not in Uffington as stated erroneously in some guide-books. Near the Rideway this prehistoric monument has stood lonely and little known for countless centuries. It was mentioned as an ancient monument in a charter as far back as A.D. 955 – suitable as a boundary between manors. It is so old that archaeologists cannot be sure when or by whom it was built. The well known authority, Mr. D’Almain, dates it before Avebury – certainly long before Stonehenge. It is thought to be the earliest known piece of human architecture in Europe.
For legends, etc., about it see Scott’s Kenilworth. Scott stayed at Kingston Manor in this Parish.
3. THE RIDGEWAY
Along the top of the Berkshire Downs the wide grass-grown way is clearly defined, as it has been since it was used by the worshippers who visited Avebury temple – possibly before then even – by the Romans before they built the lower-level road above the marshy vale (The Portway), by the Saxons who garrisoned the earthwork camps at the White Horse Hill and Ashdown, by countless generations up to the present day when it serves as a highway for farm traffic, gypsies (amateur and otherwise), and walking-tourists.
4. THE PORTWAY
This is the road under the Downs to Wantage – built by the Romans for a military road above the marsh – more direct and of better surface than the old Ridgeway.
The House (Inigo Jones period) and Park are very beautifully situated in the lonely and lovely stretch of Downland above Ashbury, but still in the Parish. Behind the woods of the Park is King Alfred’s Camp – but seldom visited.
6. SUNDAY SCHOOLS
From the year 1775 to 1778 there was a young Curate at Ashbury who started a world-wide institution.
THOMAS STOCK, (M.A. and afterwards Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford), deploring the appalling ignorance of country workers, started a voluntary school on Sunday mornings in the Chancel of Ashbury Church, This was actually the beginning at the free educational system organised later by the National Society – and quite recently expanded by the Board of Education into the vast organisation of State Schools. Thomas Stock went from this Parish to Gloucester where he met the more famous Robert Raikes, and in the course of a life-long friendship they popularised the Sunday School throughout the land. In time the Sunday Schools came to teach only Religious subjects and the Catechism, to re-inforce the teaching obtained in the Church Schools under the National Society. Other bodies (Roman Catholic and Protestant) took the idea up with enthusiasm, and to-day there is hardly a Church or Chapel anywhere unconnected with a Sunday School. This is partly due to the fact that no definite Religious Education is undertaken in State Schools. When the size of the classes outgrew, the capacity of the Chancel, a Cottage in the Village was provided (still standing) and a Schoolmaster employed. The School Journals are still preserved, and are most interesting. Ashbury has thus played a great part in the history of Educational systems in this and other countries.
THERE ARE MANY OTHER BEAUTIFUL AND INTERESTING PLACES TO VISIT IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD—AND THEY REALLY DESERVE MENTION. VISITORS ARE WELL ADVISED TO COME AND STAY IN THE VILLAGE. THERE WILL BE PLENTY OF GLORIOUS RAMBLES AND INTERESTING EXCURSIONS.
* * * * *
If any further information about the History etc, of the above mentioned features of interest is required, the Vicar will be glad to do his best to supply it on application at any time at the Vicarage.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO VISITORS
The Parish is purely an Agricultural one, and is therefore suffering much from the prevailing Agricultural industrial depression. It is increasingly difficult to find the necessary Funds required urgently for the UPKEEP AND RESTORATION of our beautiful Church and Churchyard.
WILL YOU VERY KINDLY HELP US BY PLACING A CONTRIBUTION IN THE BOX PROVIDED FOR YOU?
We shall appreciate it.
A. FOSBROKE HOBBES, | <urn:uuid:b901e431-7cca-468b-bccd-85237cfa1c6b> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://www.ashbury.org.uk/history/histarchives/pawbook/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202474.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320230554-20190321012554-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.942906 | 1,910 | 2.78125 | 3 |
E-waste – Cut it Out!
“E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams in developed as well as in developing countries, generating up to 50 million tons annually with only a 10% recycling rate.” United Nations Environment Program
E-waste is the waste created when electronics and electronic appliances remain unused or are thrown away. It covers a vast range of items including televisions, music players, personal computers, chargers, batteries, laptops, cameras, gaming consoles, CD players, lamps and so on.
When it comes to e-waste, it can be challenging to see the impact of your actions as they are not immediate or always visible. However, know that every action counts and one person can make a difference.
Some tips to cut down on e-waste:
Lifespan: Use all products for their maximum lifespan; this follows a simple but powerful principle of prevention is better than cure.
Maintenance and care: Take care of your electronics, use them gently, get hardy covers, do not feel the need to replace as frequently. It is better to replace parts, rather than the whole product itself.
Responsible disposal: Never ever throw away e-waste in a dustbin along with regular trash. Not only is this extremely dangerous for those dealing with your trash, it is highly irresponsible as well. E-waste should be disposed of at collection centers or exchanged at stores. Even a small amount contains precious metal and highly hazardous substances.
Be wary of excessive consumerism: Break away from the mass mentality of buying electronics on whim and fancy; this is a highly toxic way of life. We must aim at reducing our overall consumption altogether – move from wants-based consumption to a needs-based way of life. So, the next time you feel the urge to buy a newly released phone simply because it has cool features, think of the impact this has on the environment.
Research: Be thorough with your research before you purchase the product. This way you ensure your own satisfaction for a longer period and are not tempted to exchange it prematurely. Be aware of your needs and buy an electronic device with specifications most compatible to these needs.
Type of technology: As you know, technology changes and upgrades happen overnight. It is wiser and sustainable to go for products that can stay abreast with the changing times, i.e., be upgraded or have parts replaced, as opposed to electronics with embedded technology.
Be a conscious consumer: While doing your research, prioritize products that use less toxic materials, and rely more on recycled content. Always patronize companies who support this ethic of recycle and reuse, and take their environmental responsibility of dealing with e-waste seriously.
Recycle, reduce, reuse: Let this be a guiding principle for your use of electronic goods. If you cannot repair your phone/laptop or feel that you need a replacement, sell or donate the item to a secondhand consumer who needs one. Choose to purchase secondhand or refurbished electronics; this goes a long way. It is also important to do this without delay and not hoard the product, because this inevitably diminishes its market value and exchange rate.
Rechargeable batteries: Try and use, or switch to, rechargeable batteries as far as possible.
In an ideal world, companies would care about the afterlife of their products, consumers would know how to fix their electronics, and electronics would come with basic maintenance and a simple fix-it-yourself guide. However, if we had it this way, big corporations would cease to make profits and so we remain dis-empowered consumers. There should also be regulations on the pace at which new electronic products are released into the market.
On that note, there are responsible and conscious companies, who take e-waste seriously. Find and support them. | <urn:uuid:eb5ca31f-38ad-4d59-b11f-8916fba6c11a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.ijugaad.com/e-waste-cut/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100626.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206230347-20231207020347-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.960013 | 791 | 3.125 | 3 |
There are many rock-fill and earthen water control structures in western Canada, commonly called Riparian Dams that were built to provide reservoirs for irrigation and recreational purposes.
These structures, in addition to an overflow spillway, have a low- level intake conduit that runs through the base of the structure at lakebed elevation with a regulating gate system at the centreline of the dam. Many of these conduits were constructed with CSP or CMP (Corrugated steel or metal pipe).
As these dams age, settlement, corrosion and the weight of the structure can cause the low- level conduit to deform or become occluded.
One solution to prevent this condition from worsening is to introduce a liner of a smaller diameter, and of an inert material such as high density polyethylene, and cementing it in place by grouting the annular space.
Some of the challenges with a project like this might include dealing with sediment build-up in and around the intake or sloughing of the structure and intake channel. In this project, material had to be removed by dredging in an environmentally acceptable way in order to allow the liner to be introduced.
Another challenge that can arise, may be pulling a heavy liner into an out-of-round conduit while keeping it centred and maintaining the grout delivery system. This project required custom fitting of casing spacers and redundant systems for injecting the grout.
Due to the distance from a ready mix plant, an engineered, bagged, dry-mix grout was hydrated and mixed on site, during the pumping and injecting process. Especially important when grouting in-water is the containment of deleterious material. Dominion Divers accomplished this by providing a complete environmental plan with measures to contain and remove contaminants.
There are many and various applications where a conduit liner may be the best solution. Dominion Divers has completed liner installations as small as 100 mm diameter and as large as 1800 mm. | <urn:uuid:9152c966-dd29-4a92-8a2a-d875ada2d703> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.dominiondivers.ca/linerinstallation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038916163.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419173508-20210419203508-00344.warc.gz | en | 0.947631 | 400 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Charles Walton, inventor of the RFID technology now common everywhere from warehouses to retail stores to public libraries, has died at the age of 89 in California.
SLIDESHOW: More notable tech industry deaths from 2011
BEYOND RFID: E-wallet vs. traditional wallet
Walton, whose technology beat out barcodes for many applications and is paving the way for technologies such as near-field communications (NFC), died on Nov. 6 and a memorial service will be held Dec. 18 in Los Gatos.
According to a story on the history of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in RFID Journal, Mario Cardullo received a patent in 1973 for an active RFID tag with rewritable memory and that same year, "Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur, received a patent for a passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded transponder communicated a signal to a reader near the door. When the reader detected a valid identity number stored within the RFID tag, the reader unlocked the door. Walton licensed the technology to Schlage, a lock maker, and other companies." (More on RFID's history and Walton, from MIT here)
Like many wireless pioneers, Walton got a start working with such technology for the military -- in his case, the Army Signal Corps, after studying electrical engineering in college. He later spent a decade at IBM, then started his own company called Proximity Devices to make devices based on his wireless patents. The first patent to mention RFID, for a "portable radio frequency emitting identifier," was awarded to Proximity in 1983.
Walton made millions from his creations, though the market for RFID technologies has really only taken off in recent years as the price of chips has plummeted. ABI Research says the RFID market worldwide last year was worth $5.3 billion.
A Venture Beat report on Walton's death said he received 50-plus patents during his career, including for a digital version of RFID that advanced the earlier passive models. However, the report notes that some of Walton's key patents expired in the mid-1990s, not enabling him to gain a huge windfall from the rapid adoption of RFID after that by organizations such as the Department of Defense.
Walton could hardly foresee some of the results of RFID technology, which has generated heated debate over security and privacy concerns, and even inspired one researcher to infect himself with a computer virus via an RFID chip implanted in his hand.
Circle Bob on Google+ and follow him on Twitter @alphadoggs.
Read more about anti-malware in Network World's Anti-malware section. | <urn:uuid:00e9b5de-f661-4239-8bad-5c0b2ac040cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://www.cio.com.au/article/408661/father_rfid_charles_walton_passes_89/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886118195.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823094122-20170823114122-00501.warc.gz | en | 0.969157 | 554 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Origins of the Spirituals
Craig von Buseck
CBN.com Contributing Writer
- The following is an excerpt from the upcoming narrative biography, "The
Lamplighter: Harry T. Burleigh and the Birth of American Music."
time, southern slaves developed plantation songs that also carried coded messages.
Only the slaves knew their meaning. It was through these songs that important
information was passed along a system of communication throughout the South. Coded
songs conveyed messages about rebellions or escapes through the Underground Railroad.
They were also a way for the slave to "sass the Massa" without fear of retribution.
The plantation owners and overseers never suspected their smiling chattel who
sang such simple songs - or so they thought.
There was one final group
of haunting melodies, rich with emotion, and deeply moving. They were songs of
hope and anticipation. Some folks called them the sorrow songs - eventually, they
would come to be known as spirituals. They were the soul-cry of the black slave,
longing for freedom. They were born in the fields, among the hoed rows of cotton
and tobacco. They sprang to life among the salty wharves of the Atlantic harbor
and the Mississippi bayou. These songs rose to heaven above the whine of the sawmill
and the roar of the waterfalls that drove them. From the painful cries of the
slave wench, enduring yet another violation by the master, these ballads arose.
They issued forth from the sweat and heartache of a lifetime of unrewarded toil.
Most of the time they had their start in the fervent heat of a backwoods
religious meeting. Slaves gathered secretly to encourage one another and to cry
out to God for freedom. This activity was against the law, and they knew that
a severe beating or even death could face them if they were caught. But the joy
and peace that they received from heaven in these meetings made it worth the risk
they faced here on earth. The atmosphere in midst of the woods was always charged
with emotion. As they mourned their wretched existence, songs would develop spontaneously
-- psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. In time, these melodies were memorized
and passed along from plantation to plantation.
Like a captive eagle, a
man's spirit cries out under the tethers of oppression. In the same way that a
caged bird yearns for freedom, the black slaves cried in anguish under their captivity
- and the spirituals were born from those cries. As the lashes came down on their
backs, the pleas to God for justice and a homeland of freedom across the Jordan
rose from their bellies. The spirituals became a bloodline, bringing the vital
flow of hope and faith to the emotional and spiritual heart of the slave. Through
these melodies they held onto the hope of survival. By them, a unique and vibrant
community formed. They served as a second language that only the slaves understood.
Through these songs the slaves expressed in subtle words and melody their pain,
loneliness, weariness, and sorrow - but also their hope and determination to live
Though the slaves were not allowed to read the Scriptures, they learned
Bible stories at the church on the plantation along with the white folks. The
Sunday morning routine included Sunday school, singing hymns, Bible reading, and
the sermon -- where the preacher told them to obey the Misses and the Master.
But the slaves also learned God's word from white and black abolitionist
preachers from the North who traveled through the southern states. After the "Great
Awakening" some Southern whites who had come into the "new light" became Baptists.
Much to the annoyance of many southerners, these new evangelicals began teaching
the slaves about the way to salvation. Black and white evangelists alike poured
out their lives, preaching the Gospel to the captives in secret late-night meetings.
A favorite analogy from the Scriptures used by these circuit preachers was the
plight of the Hebrews of Exodus and God's handpicked leader, Moses. The African
slaves identified with this ancient oppressed people. They grew to understand
that it was through their faith in the God of the Bible that freedom was given
to these slaves of old.
The Old Testament fired their imagination. Had
not the people of Israel been enslaved in Egypt? And did not God rescue them,
leading them out of bondage and into the Promised Land? Quickly they formed a
close kinship with Israel. Would not God do the same for them in their enslavement?
Moses became their man too, and figuratively they implored him in song, "Go down
Moses - way down in Egypt's land. Tell old Pharaoh, let my people go."
capacity to funnel the trouble of their daily lives into song was the unique genius
of the African slave. They were helped in this creation by their own black preachers,
who identified with what the congregation had been through since their last meeting.
They saw husbands sold away from wives, children from parents, women at the mercy
of their master's lusts, and men at the end of an overseer's whip. Their environment,
with the lash in frequent use, told them they were in no way significant as persons
- that they were important only as property. But as the slaves learned of the
God of the Bible, they began to see themselves as His children.
no!" their black preachers told them, "you are not slaves, you are the apple of
God's eye, made in His very own image." They learned that it was through a good
and benevolent God, who heard the cry of the Hebrew slaves, that freedom came.
They realized that they were not inferior to the white man, just as the Hebrews
were not inferior to the Egyptians.
The spirituals attested to this and
proclaimed the goodness of this God and His ultimate triumph over evil. They would
taste freedom, they believed, across the Jordan River of death - and some sweet
day in the here and now. Looking forward to that day of freedom, the slaves sang
of the "Deep River," with its mighty waters flowing into distant horizons. As
the embers glowed in the fire, in the heart of the forest they would sing:
river -- my home is over Jordan,
Deep river, Lord, I want to cross over into
Don't you want to go to that Gospel feast,
That promised land
where all is peace.
Deep river, Lord, I want to cross over into campground.
For a time, the slaves simply by-passed the New Testament,
especially since their white taskmasters used it to justify slavery as an acceptable
way of life. But there was something about the man Jesus, hanging there upon the
hard, wooden cross. Here was a man who was beaten like they were. He was spit
upon. He was falsely accused. He was imprisoned for a crime he did not commit.
Finally, he was hung on a tree, a method of execution familiar to the slaves.
Through all of these indignities, Jesus prayed, "Father forgive them, for they
know not what they do."
"How was he able to forgive?" they questioned.
"What was it that enabled him to love those who were unlovable?" Was he in pain?
They were in pain. Did he have to drink the cup of suffering? They had to drink
theirs, too. Yes, their cross was one with his cross. Jesus died for the sins
of all men, of every color. He had to be who he said he was. How else could he
have done what he did? In time, they embraced Jesus as their Savior, and they
experienced his peace, his grace, his forgiveness, and hope for the future.
this relationship they were able to sing:
Were you there
when they crucified my Lord?
Sometimes it causes me to tremble, to tremble.
Were you there when they crucified my Lord?
Were you there when they
nailed him to the tree?
Sometimes it causes me to tremble, tremble, tremble.
Were you there when they nailed him to a tree?
From the cross they
felt a mighty emergence of the divine will, breaking down the barriers that separated
man from man and man from God. And so, instead of taking the destructive road
to violence, many began to hum, then to sing, and sometimes to shout the spirituals
-- a cry to God for freedom and a declaration of faith in His ability to provide
the Black History Section on CBN.com
from Spiritual Life
More from Craig von Buseck on CBN.com
von Buseck is Ministries Director of CBN.com. Send
him your comments on this article.
Order your copy of Craig's
book, Seven Keys to Hearing God's Voice
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Are you seeking answers in life? Are you hurting?
Are you facing a difficult situation?
A caring friend will be there to pray with you in your time of need. | <urn:uuid:ac192748-8fb4-454d-be43-33a95f162a3e> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.cbn.com/spirituallife/ChurchAndMinistry/ChurchHistory/Harry_Burleigh_Spirituals.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814079.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222081525-20180222101525-00561.warc.gz | en | 0.976487 | 1,939 | 3.234375 | 3 |
A balanced diet provides your body with the vital nutrients it needs to build and maintain healthy cells, tissues and organs, which are crucial for proper growth and development. It includes a variety of foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, lean meats, fish, unsaturated oils and low-fat dairy foods. It doesn't include processed and refined foods that can undermine health.
Reduces Disease Risk
Eating a balanced diet can help protect you from certain diseases. It can help regulate your blood cholesterol levels, for example, and provide antioxidants, which help protect your cells from damage by unstable molecules known as free radicals. An article published in "Nursing Times" in January 2005 noted that combining a healthy diet with an active lifestyle has huge health benefits and helps reduce the risk of health conditions such as cancer and heart disease.
Processed and refined foods are typically loaded with saturated fats, sugar and calories, which can undermine weight control. When you consume more calories than your body can use for energy, it stores the surplus in fat cells. A Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion article published in April 2012 noted that strong and consistent evidence indicates adults and children who eat fast food are at increased risk for weight gain, especially if fast food is eaten more than once a week.
Omega-3 fatty acids, which are abundant in nutrient-rich foods such as fish and nuts, are important for transmitting signals from your eyes to your brain. They also affect people's moods and can improve depression. An article published in "Nutrition and Health" in 2006 noted dietary factors influence brain function day in and day out. It also said that consuming a diet high in saturated fat decreases learning and memory, while diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E or the curry spice curcumin help brain function.
Immune System Strength
Your immune system is a group of interconnected cells, tissues and organs that help protect your body from invasion from microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites and fungi. Scientists have long recognized that people who are malnourished are more vulnerable to infectious diseases. A balanced diet is full of the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients that strengthen your immune system. An article published in "The British Journal of Nutrition" in November 1988 noted that consuming adequate nutrients is an important contributing factor in strengthening and maintaining your immune system, while not eating sufficient nutrients could impair and suppress immune system functions.
- University of Rochester Medical Center: Nutrition's Role in Disease Prevention
- Nursing Times: Understanding the Importance to Health of a Balanced Diet
- USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion: The Food Environment, Eating Out, and Body Weight: A Review of the Evidence
- Nutrition and Health: The Impact of Diet and Exercise on Brain Plasticity and Disease
- The British Journal of Nutrition: The Immune System: A Target for Functional Foods?
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Weight Control and Diet
- Today's Dietitian: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mood Disorders
- National Institutes of Health: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Immune System
- Harvard Medical School: Harvard Health Publications: How to Boost Your Immune System | <urn:uuid:d746d677-324f-4619-b4a2-ff8b032a4e5d> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.livestrong.com/article/274163-why-is-balanced-diet-important-to-maintaining-healthy-body/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661367.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00138-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941029 | 652 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Our waterways are in trouble. A new policy from the Environmental Protection Agency and Army Corps of Engineers will drastically weaken the Clean Water Act, harming public health, ecosystems, and the economy. The regulation has been branded by the Trump administration as the “Navigable Waters Protection Rule,” but it definitely won’t protect our nation’s water. Congress must act to stop the implementation of this rule by passing the Clean Water for All Act (H.R.6745).
The rule narrows the definition of “waters of the United States,” which are the waters the Clean Water Act authorizes the federal government to protect. The changes to the rule will mean vital protections will be stripped from millions of miles and acres of rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands
Companies and municipalities could dump toxic and radioactive chemicals and sewage directly into newly unprotected waterways with impunity. Unprotected waterways can be dredged and filled, killing wildlife and fish. Worse—waterways are interconnected with each other and pollution flows downstream, meaning that pollution could spread to any connected way, crossing state lines and causing widespread pollution in our drinking water, fisheries, and recreational waters.
This new rule is an unacceptable departure from 50 years of established law and science. It primarily benefits polluting industries such as developers, fossil fuel and mining companies and industrial agriculture, at the expense of our nation’s water quality and public health.
Please help protect New York’s water. Contact your Members of Congress today and urge them to stop this new rule from taking effect through the passage of the Clean Water for All Act (H.R.6745).
Tell Congress: Don't let EPA & Army Corps weaken the Clean Water Act!
Dear [Decision Maker],
Sincerely,[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP][Your Email] | <urn:uuid:79fbcce2-af8c-4aa1-89bc-e992cf8b1044> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://secure.riverkeeper.org/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=634 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107869785.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020021700-20201020051700-00620.warc.gz | en | 0.927726 | 379 | 2.734375 | 3 |
What is edge computing?
Edge computing, which is sometimes referred to as fog computing, is a distributed computing model and open information technology (IT) architecture. This paradigm drives computer data storage towards a location where it’s needed and enables mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies.
Edge computing drives applications, data and computing power services away from centralized points and towards places that are closer to the user. This data is processed by a device or by a local computer or server instead of being transmitted to a data center.
The computation in edge computing is either largely or entirely performed on distributed device nodes. Edge computing focuses on any application that needs to be closer to the source of the action where distributed systems technology interacts with the physical world. Although it may interact with a centralized cloud, edge computing doesn’t need contact with a centralized cloud.
What are the benefits of edge computing?
Enterprises need to be aware of edge computing’s many benefits. This modern approach to network architecture has advantages that extend beyond delivering content and getting into the IoT market.
Data stream acceleration is enabled by edge computing, which includes real-time data processing without latency. This allows smart applications and devices to respond almost instantaneously as the data is being created. The massive reduction of lag time has expansive implications for technologies like self-driving cars and equally expansive benefits for business.
This reduced latency can be measured in microseconds instead of milliseconds. If an additional moment of downtime can cost a company thousands of dollars, then the speed advantages of edge computing can’t be overlooked.
Efficiency and security
Edge computing allows for efficient data processing, specifically for large amounts of data to be processed near the source. This process reduces internet bandwidth use and costs, and also helps optimize application efficiency from remote locations. Processing data without putting it into a public cloud offers an added layer of security for enterprises that handle sensitive data.
Networks that use edge computing lack a single weak point and are less vulnerable to cyberattacks because edge computing distributes their processing, storage and applications across a wide range of devices and data centers.
In the event of a cyberattack, the dispersed state of the architecture helps enterprises with enacting security protocols. Cybersecurity can seal off compromised portions of the network and isolate infected areas without having to shut down the entire network.
The dispersed state also reduces the amount of data at risk at any one time. Less data is vulnerable to interception because data is usually processed on local drives and then transferred back to a central data center. Even if a device is compromised, that device only contains the limited amount of data found on that local drive. The data security benefits of this dispersed date are obvious when compared with the caches of data traditionally exposed by a compromised server.
Scalability and versatility
Edge computing is a less expensive alternative to a dedicated data center that allows enterprises to grow their computing capability through the combination of IoT devices and edge data centers. Processing-capable edge computing devices also helps reduce growth costs, as adding more devices don’t greatly increase the network’s bandwidth demands.
This scalability bolsters the versatility of edge computing and helps enterprises aligning with local edge data centers focus on desirable markets without requiring costly infrastructure expansions. Enterprises can quickly shift to other markets when economic conditions change.
Edge data centers allow enterprises to efficiently support their end users with little physical distance or latency. For content providers that deliver uninterrupted streaming services, this benefit has considerable valuable.
Living on the edge
Machine learning is helping people discover new and exciting ways to use IoT and edge-based processing systems are grabbing the reins normally held by programmers. These systems manage troves of data, including how to speedily receive data, send and analyze data, and determine what data to keep or ignore.
To meet the increasing demands of smarter devices, IoT edge computing needs to evolve and become more intelligent. In 2017, IBM collaborated with Unified Inbox to create an intelligent IoT messaging platform. This system used IBM Watson® to support natural language and conversational intelligence on Unified Inbox’s UnificationEngine®, a platform compatible with over 20 international messaging platforms and protocols. The practical applications for this system grow far beyond general online communication, stretching into optimizing transportation, events and emergency warning applications.
How IBM can help
IBM® Edge Delivery Services brings edge computing to your enterprise, and features a specialized cloud service that helps you create improved customer experiences and web performance, and greater security.
For today’s enterprises, a superior customer experience begins with its web applications. Sluggish response time and downtime leads to a higher rate of abandonment, a reduction in customer satisfaction, and a loss of revenue and reduced brand loyalty. Here are several ways Edge Delivery Services can offer your business:
- Helps transform the internet into an enterprise-class network that provides predictable performance and protection to web applications.
- Helps business websites operate faster and more securely and enables a first line of defense at the device connection point. This first line of defense protects web delivery and reduces risks of outage, defacement and data theft to your business.
- Provides a predictable and high-quality end-user experience and a scalable network that avoids performance problems and downtime while also minimizing infrastructure cost and management complexity.
- Drives web business agility and supports your business transformation with a consumption-based cloud service for web applications.
For more information about how Edge Delivery Service can transform your enterprise, schedule a consultation with an IBM representative at no cost.
Optimized Web Performance from Edge Delivery Services e-book
The intelligent IoT edge: The next step in enterprise infrastructure blog post
Online performance seriously impacts the bottom line white paper
Redefining data centers at the edge blog post
Learn about IBM Edge Computing
What is edge computing?
IBM Edge Computing in two minutes | <urn:uuid:adf9b637-c199-407e-b46e-50b71e0c4b78> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.ibm.com/services/cloud/edge-computing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703564029.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210125030118-20210125060118-00736.warc.gz | en | 0.901418 | 1,192 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Balancing the benefits of sharing data with the dangers can be difficult. Explore resources for parents to begin these important conversations with their children, and read stories from other families who share how they navigate data privacy in their homes.
Category: Family Conversations
Permanent link to this article: https://tech.svvsd.org/family/2018/01/17/protecting-childrens-privacy/
The American Academy of Pediatrics recently updated their recommendations for screen time for children to move away from strict time limits and toward an expectation that families pay attention to the types and quality of media interactions that children are engaging in. Learn more about the recommendations and how to start this conversation with your family here.
Permanent link to this article: https://tech.svvsd.org/family/2017/12/14/screentime-and-learning/
Permanent link to this article: https://tech.svvsd.org/family/2017/12/13/five-simple-steps-to-a-healthy-media-diet/
Permanent link to this article: https://tech.svvsd.org/family/2017/12/12/leveraging-district-ebook-collections/
Permanent link to this article: https://tech.svvsd.org/family/2017/12/11/monitor-or-mentor/ | <urn:uuid:d291050c-2c31-4220-9c84-9c30e325a930> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://tech.svvsd.org/family/category/family-conversations/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823872.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212112626-20181212134126-00503.warc.gz | en | 0.888898 | 294 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The elevation of Trident Volcano's highest peak is 6,115 feet.
Properly speaking, Trident Volcano is more like a small mountain range than a single mountain. In fact, it has a total of 23 different peaks.
Volcanic activity prior to 1900 is unknown for Trident Volcano. However, eruptions were documented in 1953, 1960, 1968 and 1975. The first documented eruption was in 1912. The ash and lava from this eruption resulted in the "valley of 10,000 smokes," a well-preserved extensive lava bed.
There is only one developed campground in all of Katmai National Park: Brooks Camp. It is located on the northern side of the park and charges only $8 a night for a camping spot, as of 2010. However, there is no access via car to the campground or surrounding towns. Visitors must first fly into one of the surrounding towns, such as King Salmon, via Alaska Airlines and then charter a plane or boat to the campground.
Valley of the 10,000 Smokes
This is the best location from which to view the volcano, and it is located 23 miles away from the camp. A daily bus tour is offered to take visitors from Brooks Camp to the valley for a small fee. Once there, visitors are taken on a short 3-mile hike into the valley. | <urn:uuid:2cda7e50-107f-4793-815f-caee0c7ec427> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.trails.com/facts_32202_information-trident-volcano.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986682998.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018131050-20191018154550-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.965138 | 275 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Think about pressing f11 to go in and out of
full screen mode
Click for old Hornsea Mere info
Hornsea Mere is the largest freshwater lake in Yorkshire, situated less than 1 km from the sea on the East Yorkshire coast. It is of glacial origin, shallow only between 1 and 2 metres deep, eutrophic and fringed with reed beds.
Its shallowness has encouraged the development of extensive marginal swamps of Common Reed, Bulrush and Common Club-rush.
In 1260, William, the 11th abbot of nearby Meaux Abbey, claimed fishing rights in the southern half of the mere, only to discover that the abbot of St Mary's in York had done likewise. This led to the so-called Battle of Haraney, the old name for Hornsea Mere, and then meaning Hare Island.
Because neither Abbot would yield, it was decided the matter could be resolved only by combat, with each abbot selecting a knight to fight on his behalf. The battle would be fought on the shores of the mere and the winner would determine who had fishing rights to the disputed southern half.
To prevent arguments about precisely which half was under consideration, a horse was made to swim across the lake on the boundary line in question. The Knights fought all day with neither side being able to claim victory, but the Meaux champion eventually weakened and capitulated. In this way, the York Abbot won the right to fish in the southern half and promptly allowed the monks of Meaux to do likewise.
On 28 the February 1918 Flight Commander Paul Robertson attempted to save the pilot of a Seaplane that crashed and burst into flames at the Mere. For his efforts Flight Commander Robertson was awarded the The Albert Medal (later exchanged for the George Cross). You can read more of this heroic act at the Naval History site. However, read East Yorkshire for Lincolnshire, the London Gazette appear to have got it wrong. Visit; www.naval-history.net/WW1MedalsBr-AM.htm
|Hornsea in the Snow|
|Around the Mere|
|Cambridge Sept 2013|
|The Noel at Whitwell|
|Home Made Canoe|
|Tenerife and La Gomera 2015|
|London August 2016| | <urn:uuid:d1d0e35a-8732-4a2f-9d9b-4aa282ad505a> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://www.ccwebs.info/old_mere.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886120194.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823113414-20170823133414-00396.warc.gz | en | 0.946186 | 478 | 2.59375 | 3 |
If you ever thought that everyone in the world is either a boy or a girl, when you start to hear about gender that is non-binary or the concept that gender is a spectrum, it can be a bit confusing. Wait, that person isn’t pink or blue- what does that mean?
Now, to get this concept of a spectrum, I’m going to ask you to put your statistics hat on. No, you don’t need to ever have actually taken a statistics course to nail this concept, but a few examples about how variables are looked at might help you visualize what a spectrum is and why the distinction is important. When you are given some data, there are two types of data possible: discrete and continuous. Discrete data is data that you can count in whole numbers– like this flower has 1, 2, 3 petals. There are no 1.2 petals. Continuous data is data that has an infinite amount of possible values– like this leaf is 1.8, 3.545, 18.713949 cm long. Any value is possible on the scale, and there’s no either/or option. Pulling you back out of the garden and back into gender, when gender is referred to as a spectrum, that means that there are infinite “values” or possibilities for someone’s gender. In the gender binary system, you are either 1 (boy) or 2 (girl)- there’s no 1.37. In a spectrum system, gender isn’t 1 or 2 it’s 1.8, 3.545, 18.713949 on a scale.
What the “scale” is remains contentious. Some people argue that putting “male” on one end and “female” on the other is only a slight improvement, still limiting people on a horizontal axis and implying that in order to be more feminine it is necessary to be less masculine (and vice versa). Some people prefer to think of the spectrum like a rainbow of colours- all different, varied, and no colour better than the other. This, while representative, may have difficulties because every label added will inherently narrow the categories. Perhaps the most important lesson from the “scale” is to understand that the concept of non-binary gender is an evolving conversation that is always working on becoming more inclusive and accessible to everyone. The end point has not been reached.
Gender is complex. There are many facets, it sure ain’t static, and as we continue to explore those facets on this blog, we hope that this concept of gender spectrum is kept in mind. If you have any critiques of our take on what a spectrum means, let us know and we will keep this updated accordingly. In the meantime, this is a video that explores multiple spectrums in a pretty comprehensive manner, and gives some food for thought about where these spectrums may also apply. | <urn:uuid:fb174ad4-6a9a-436d-a302-b78731fc6641> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://sacomssmediawatch.wordpress.com/2013/02/12/spectrums-not-just-for-prisms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890947.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180122014544-20180122034544-00618.warc.gz | en | 0.950908 | 605 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Happy Fun Science Friday.
You did not mistakenly read the title, today we bring you the discovery of the first female penis in the animal kingdom.
Yoshizawa, from Hokkaido University in Japan, and his team of researchers documented this phenomenon of sexual role reversal in 4 species of rather unassuming insects in Brazil’s Peruaçu River Valley. When insects of the genus Neotrogla mate, the female mounts the male and penetrates his vagina-like opening with her penis.
Now you may be thinking, if the female has the penis, these researchers have simply mistaken the male for the female. In biology, sex is determined not by the sexual appendage, but by the size of the gametes – sperm in males and oocytes in females. As a rule, females contribute more energy to the production of larger gametes than males.
Mating can last for 40-70 hours due to the female’s inflatable, spiny penis attaching to the internal tissue of the male. During this time period the female collects the male’s sperm which she uses for fertilization. This strategy of reproduction is quite remarkable as the evolution of the female penis has no precedent.
So it seems, anything goes in a cave. 😉
To read more about the work of Yoshizawa and his team, you can see this study published in the journal of Current Biology. | <urn:uuid:6ef9fba1-340f-4344-b6f6-ae07daf08455> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.southernfriedscience.com/fun-science-friday-first-female-penis/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812938.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220110011-20180220130011-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.944696 | 291 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Diversification of land plants
Researchers have reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among all 706 families of land plants.
Some parts of the evolutionary history of land plants have been documented based on the fossil record and a few broad-scale phylogenetic analyses, especially focusing on angiosperms and ferns.
In new research published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vincent Savolainen (Kew/Imperial College) and Omar Fiz (Imperial College), in collaboration with Harald Schneider (Natural History Museum London), have now reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among all 706 families of land plants using molecular data.
Diversification rates and climate
The researchers dated the phylogeny using multiple fossils and a molecular clock technique. Applying various tests of diversification that take into account topology, branch length, numbers of extant species as well as extinction, they evaluated diversification rates through time.
They found evidence for the radiations of ferns and mosses in the shadow of angiosperms coinciding with the rather warm Cretaceous global climate. In contrast, gymnosperms and liverworts show a signature of declining diversification rates during geological time periods of cool global climate.
This broad-scale phylogenetic analysis helps to reveal the successive waves of diversification that made up the diversity of land plants we see today.
Item from Prof. Vincent Savolainen (Professor of Organismic Biology, Imperial College London & Research Fellow, RBG Kew)
Fiz-Palacios, O., Schneider, H., Heinrichs, J. & Savolainen, V. (2011). Diversification of land plants: insights from a family-level phylogenetic analysis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 341 (open access).
Read the paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology (open access)
Help Kew break new ground and inspire new generations
By making a donation to Kew today you can help our scientists to find out more about the fascinating world of plants, break new ground and inspire generations of young people to get to know plants better.
Our scientific programmes are focused on understanding plants and conserving the world's plant life and habitats at risk. Plants are essential to life on earth. In a world where the sustainability of the planet’s rich biodiversity is becoming less certain, Kew’s science work is ever more critical. Find out how your donation can make a difference. | <urn:uuid:8955c4a5-4966-4025-b71b-635f798150ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kew.org/discover/news/diversification-land-plants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850066 | 499 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Balance sheet is a statement of the financial position of a business that lists the assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular point in time. Simply, balance sheet illustrates your business’s net worth. The balance sheet formula is asset = liabilities + equity.
Asset are things that a company owns and are sometimes referred to as the resources of the company. For example: vehicles, cash, supplies, and equipment.
Liabilities are obligations of the company. For example: loan from the bank, tax, accounts payable, wages, ect.
Equity, also known as shareholder’s equity is the difference (or residual) of assets minus liabilities. Equity is also the “Book value” of the corporation.
For more details, the picture below is example for balance sheet page:
*Note : Before you go to Income Statement in the Accounting Menu, make sure the Report role is Activated on your User's Group Access in the DealPOS.
Go to Reports - Balance Sheet
Note : also use filter to set the range date and select that outlet you want appear to
People also read these articles :
To represent the record-keeping flow in and out of Chart of Account : General Ledger
To view report of profit and loss of your company on a period : Income Statement
To know about movement of cash in a period : Cash Flow | <urn:uuid:3a3f21b7-f9fd-444c-a0b1-a18d3cc893aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://support.dealpos.com/en/articles/4774025-balance-sheet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945376.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325222822-20230326012822-00613.warc.gz | en | 0.933551 | 279 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Plants and People Project
People around the world have used plants for many purposes. You know that people have eaten many plants. Some plants have been used as dyes. Some are used to make fabrics. Others have been used to make containers, tools and modes of transportation. Some plants like cotton and flax are used to make cloth. Many plants have been used as a source of healing medicines or for spiritual rituals.
This site explores plants found in North America and some of their uses. This list is by no means complete. Warning: Some of the plants in this list could be harmful. Some are poisonous. These web pages are only meant to be informative. The author of this site does not endorse or recommend the use of these plants.
Use the Plants and People Index to look for a specific plant.
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers Eastern Region William A Niering 1979
The Bakken Library and Museum - A Lesson To Dye For
Botanical.com - A Modern Herbal
California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. Fruit Facts
Connecticut Botanical Society - Wildflowers and ferns Kudos to them for creating and maintaining such a rich online resource!
Cornell University - Poisonous Plants Informational Database
Encyclopedia of North American Indians - Food and Cuisine
Field Guide to Trees of the Eastern Region National Audobon Society, Elbert L Little, 1980
Grow Native Shrubs in Your Yard - F.M. Mooberry & Jane H. Scott 1980
The Herbalist - Joseph E. Meyer 1918 - David C. Meyer 1981
How Indians Use Wild Plants for Food, Medicine & Crafts - Frances Densmore 1974
ID It - Dendrology at Virginia Tech us ethis to ID trees and bushes
Indian Herbology of North America - Alma R. Hutchens, 1991
John Lawson Digital Exhibit - How Plants are Named.
Minnesota Power Company - The Right Tree Handbook
National Wildlife Federation - Tree Quiz
Native American Ethnobotany Database - A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, derived from plants
Natural Dyes and Hone Dyeing Rita J. Adrosko 1971
Noble Foundation - Plant Image Gallery common name
North American Indian Medicine - University of Illinois at Chicago
Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Ohio Trees
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Common Trees Of Pennsylvania
Peterson Field Guides Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants Steven Foster and James A. Duke 1990
PLANTS National Database - PLANTS
Smithsonian Institution - National Zoo On site exhibit about plants
Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of the American Indian - On site exhibits about plants and Peoples
Internet Hunts / Nature / Computers / Puzzles & Projects / Problem based Learning / Site map / Home | <urn:uuid:18130b22-d298-424e-942c-89ad2c465709> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.mrsoshouse.com/plants/resources.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463614620.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170530085905-20170530105905-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.817796 | 586 | 3 | 3 |
In the first part of this mini-series, I describe how various ideas important in probability theory arise naturally when you start doing linear algebra using only the nonnegative real numbers.
But after writing it, I got an email from a rather famous physicist saying he got “lost at line two”. So, you’ll be happy to hear that the first part is not a prerequisite for the remaining parts! I wrote it just to intimidate that guy.
Tobias Fritz and I have proved a theorem characterizing the concept of relative entropy, which is also known as ‘relative information’, ‘information gain’ or—most terrifying and least helpful of all—‘Kullback-Leibler divergence’. In this second part I’ll introduce two key players in this theorem. The first, is a category where:
• an object consists of a system with finitely many states, and a probability distribution on those states
• a morphism consists of a deterministic ‘measurement process’ mapping states of one system to states of another, together with a ‘hypothesis’ that lets the observer guess a probability distribution of states of the system being measured, based on what they observe.
The second, is a subcategory of It has all the same objects, but only morphisms where the hypothesis is ‘optimal’. This means that if the observer measures the system many times, and uses the probability distribution of their observations together with their hypothesis to guess the probability distribution of states of the system, they get the correct answer (in the limit of many measurements).
In this part all I will really do is explain precisely what and are. But to whet your appetite, let me explain how we can use them to give a new characterization of relative entropy!
Suppose we have any morphism in In other words: suppose we have a deterministic measurement process, together with a hypothesis that lets the observer guess a probability distribution of states of the system being measured, based on what they observe.
Then we have two probability distributions on the states of the system being measured! First, the ‘true’ probability distribution. Second, the probability that the observer will guess based on their observations.
Whenever we have two probability distributions on the same set, we can compute the entropy of the first relative to to the second. This describes how surprised you’ll be if you discover the probability distribution is really the first, when you thought it was the second.
So: any morphism in will have a relative entropy. It will describe how surprised the observer will be when they discover the true probability distribution, given what they had guessed.
But this amount of surprise will be zero if their hypothesis was ‘optimal’ in the sense I described. So, the relative entropy will vanish on morphisms in
Our theorem says this fact almost characterizes the concept of relative entropy! More precisely, it says that any convex-linear lower semicontinuous functor
that vanishes on the subcategory must equal some constant times the relative entropy.
Don’t be scared! This should not make sense to you yet, since I haven’t said how I’m thinking of as a category, nor what a ‘convex-linear lower semicontinuous functor’ is, nor how relative entropy gives one. I will explain all that later. I just want you to get a vague idea of where I’m going.
Now let me explain the categories and We need to warm up a bit first.
A stochastic map is different from an ordinary function, because instead of assigning a unique element of to each element of it assigns a probability distribution on to each element of So you should imagine it as being like a function ‘with random noise added’, so that is not a specific element of but instead has a probability of taking on different values. This is why I’m using a weird wiggly arrow to denote a stochastic map.
Definition. Given finite sets and a stochastic map assigns a real number to each pair such that fixing any element the numbers form a probability distribution on We call the probability of given
In more detail:
• for all
• for all
Note that we can think of as a -shaped matrix of numbers. A matrix obeying the two properties above is called stochastic. This viewpoint is nice because it reduces the problem of composing stochastic maps to matrix multiplication. It’s easy to check that multiplying two stochastic matrices gives a stochastic matrix. So, composing stochastic maps gives a stochastic map.
We thus get a category:
Definition. Let be the category of finite sets and stochastic maps between them.
In case you’re wondering why I’m restricting attention to finite sets, it’s merely because I want to keep things simple. I don’t want to worry about whether sums or integrals converge.
Now take your favorite 1-element set and call it A function is just a point of But a stochastic map is something more interesting: it’s a probability distribution on
Why? Because it gives a probability distribution on for each element of but that set has just one element.
Last time I introduced the rather long-winded phrase finite probability measure space to mean a finite set with a probability distribution on it. But now we’ve seen a very quick way to describe such a thing within
And this gives a quick way to think about a measure-preserving function between finite probability measure spaces! It’s just a commutative triangle like this:
Note that the horizontal arrow is not wiggly. The straight arrow means it’s an honest function, not a stochastic map. But a function is a special case of a stochastic map! So it makes sense to compose a straight arrow with a wiggly arrow—and the result is, in general, a wiggly arrow. So, it makes sense to demand that this triangle commutes, and this says that the function is measure-preserving.
Let me work through the details, in case they’re not clear.
First: how is a function a special case of a stochastic map? Here’s how. If we start with a function we get a matrix of numbers
where is the Kronecker delta. So, each element gives a probability distribution that’s zero except at
Given this, we can work out what this commuting triangle really says:
If use to stand for the probability distribution that puts on and similarly for the commuting triangle says
or in other words:
or if you like:
In this situation people say is pushed forward along , and they say is a measure-preserving function.
So, we’ve used to describe another important category:
Definition. Let be the category of finite probability measure spaces and measure-preserving functions between them.
I can’t resist mentioning another variation:
A commuting triangle like this is a measure-preserving stochastic map. In other words, gives a probability measure on gives a probability measure on and is a stochastic map with
The category we really need for relative entropy is a bit more subtle. An object is a finite probability measure space:
but a morphism looks like this:
The whole diagram doesn’t commute, but the two equations I wrote down hold. The first equation says that is a measure-preserving function. In other words, this triangle, which we’ve seen before, commutes:
The second equation says that is the identity, or in math jargon, is a section for
But what does that really mean?
The idea is that is the set of ‘states’ of some system, while is a set of possible ‘observations’ you might make. The function is a ‘measurement process’. You ‘measure’ the system using and if the system is in the the state you get the observation The probability distribution says the probability that the system is any given state, while says the probability that you get any given observation when you do your measurement.
Note: are assuming for now that that there’s no random noise in the observation process! That’s why is a function instead of a stochastic map.
But what about That’s the fun part: describes your ‘hypothesis’ about the system’s state given a particular measurement! If you measure the system and get a result you guess it’s in the state with probability
And we don’t want this hypothesis to be really dumb: that’s what
says. You see, this equation says that
or in other words:
If you think about it, this implies unless
So, if you make an observation you will guess the system is in state with probability zero unless In short, you won’t make a really dumb guess about the system’s state.
Here’s how we compose morphisms:
We get a measure-preserving function and a stochastic map going back, You can check that these obey the required equations:
So, we get a category:
Definition. Let be the category where an object is a finite probability measure space:
a morphism is a diagram obeying these equations:
and composition is defined as above.
As we’ve just seen, a morphism in consists of a ‘measurement process’ and a ‘hypothesis’
But sometimes we’re lucky and our hypothesis is optimal, in the sense that
Conceptually, this says that if you take the probability distribution on our observations and use it to guess a probability distribution for the system’s state using our hypothesis you get the correct answer:
Mathematically, it says that this diagram commutes:
In other words, is a measure-preserving stochastic map.
There’s a subcategory of with all the same objects, but only these ‘optimal’ morphisms. It’s important, but the name we have for it is not very exciting:
Definition. Let be the subcategory of where an object is a finite probability measure space
and a morphism is a diagram obeying these equations:
Why do we call this category ? Because it’s a close relative of where a morphism, you’ll remember, looks like this:
The point is that for a morphism in the conditions on are so strong that they completely determine it unless there are observations that happen with probability zero—that is, unless there are with To see this, note that
for any choice of But we’ve already seen unless so the sum has just one term, and the equation says
We can solve this for so is completely determined… unless
This covers the case when We also can’t figure out if isn’t in the image of
So, to be utterly precise, is determined by and unless there’s an element that has Except for this special case, a morphism in is just a morphism in But in this special case, a morphism in has a little extra information: an arbitrary probability distribution on the inverse image of each point with this property.
In short, is the same as except that our observer’s ‘optimal hypothesis’ must provide a guess about the state of the system given an observation, even in cases of observations that occur with probability zero.
I’m going into these nitpicky details for two reasons. First, we’ll need for our characterization of relative entropy. But second, Tom Leinster already ran into this category in his work on entropy and category theory! He discussed it here:
• Tom Leinster, An operadic introduction to entropy.
Despite the common theme of entropy, he arrived at it from a very different starting-point.
So, I hope that next time I can show you something like this:
and you’ll say “Oh, that’s a probability distribution on the states of some system!” Intuitively, you should think of the wiggly arrow as picking out a ‘random element’ of the set
I hope I can show you this:
and you’ll say “Oh, that’s a deterministic measurement process, sending a probability distribution on the states of the measured system to a probability distribution on observations!”
I hope I can show you this:
and you’ll say “Oh, that’s a deterministic measurement process, together with a hypothesis about the system’s state, given what is observed!”
And I hope I can show you this:
and you’ll say “Oh, that’s a deterministic measurement process, together with an optimal hypothesis about the system’s state, given what is observed!”
I don’t count on it… but I can hope.
And speaking of unrealistic hopes, if I were really optimistic I would hope you noticed that and which underlie the more fancy categories I’ve discussed today, were themselves constructed starting from linear algebra over the nonnegative numbers in Part 1. That ‘foundational’ work is not really needed for what we’re doing now. However, I like the fact that we’re ultimately getting the concept of relative entropy starting from very little: just linear algebra, using only nonnegative numbers!
For more details, here’s the actual paper:
And here’s my whole series of blog articles about it:
• Relative Entropy (Part 1): how various structures important in probability theory arise naturally when you do linear algebra using only the nonnegative real numbers.
• Relative Entropy (Part 2): a category related to statistical inference, and how relative entropy defines a functor on this category.
• Relative Entropy (Part 3): how to characterize relative entropy as a functor from to | <urn:uuid:050ef7f9-7b7c-40a4-8978-bc4a713f3ec2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com/2013/07/02/relative-entropy-part-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720615.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00535-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918441 | 2,972 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Every now and again, a rising technology comes along and fundamentally changes the way we work. Artificial intelligence, or AI, has been at the forefront of recent discussion. One of the more exciting elements of AI is the potential to transform everyday productivity, most especially when it comes to creativity and collaboration. In this article, we dive deeper into the components of AI, the increasingly pervasive use of AI and five typical ways in which it is changing productivity for information workers.
AI and the digitally transformed workplace
AI is closely tied with the evolving digital workplace. Routine tasks are increasingly automated, giving rise to new digital transformation realities in many organisations. But is AI a threat or an opportunity? That depends on which outlook you prefer. By 2025, machines will perform more current work tasks than humans (based on research from the World Economic Forum titled The future of jobs 2018
). But it is also forecast that the rapid evolution of machines and algorithms in the workplace could create 133 million new roles in place of 75 million that will be displaced between now and 2022.
Aside from potential labour market shifts, AI could become a bottom-line business imperative. Companies are evaluating the potential of AI to accelerate their businesses through creating efficiencies or boosting the productivity of their workforce. According to study by Accenture, AI could boost average profitability rates by 38% and lead to an economic increase of $14tn by 2035. These boosts would come from efficiencies like the accelerated development of new products, increased innovation and the generation of new revenue streams. But it’s not just AI that contributes to this new business landscape - us humans play an important role too.
Humans vs machines?
There are many misconceptions about AI, like the Terminator-type world view where machines take over. But this is a myth. There will always be work that people do better. Humans possess ingenuity that machines just cannot replicate. We learn and grow through both cognitive learning or IQ but also emotional intelligence or EQ. AI is used more for identification, image or pattern recognition and therefore involve more of the cognitive aspects of learning. There are other areas of our human capacity, like personal development, creativity, as well as the capability to manage and motivate teams that will always require our ingenuity.
The ingredients of AI
AI is fueled by three main ingredients: data, networks, and algorithms.
First, data has become arguably the most important currency in modern history. And the scale of data is growing. It is estimated that 80% of the world's data has been generated in the last two years. For example, billions of user authentications take place monthly across hundreds of millions of devices, with signals that span personal and professional realms. With all this data comes opportunity for organisations to pull these data signals together to deliver unique experiences for information workers.
Second, networks are required to process this data and make the connections. High-speed mobile internet and cloud technology are set to spearhead this data processing and deliver AI powered experiences. Modern data networks span the globe, meaning the data processed and patterns recognised make AI machines infinitely smarter the more data is fed to them. These AI networks connect people, content, location and other data sources to service their customers better and optimise productivity and serve better insights.
And finally, algorithms allow companies to create unique AI experiences. Over time, algorithms have changed the world. Search indexing and pattern recognition, both algorithms, have influenced productivity breakthroughs as small as being able to find a document or as large as the latest innovation in genomics. But while this all may sound like science fiction, these experiences are already making their way into how we work every day.
Many of us already use AI without knowing it. If you have ever leveraged a virtual assistant to find directions, browsed weather apps, read online movie suggestions, used a voice command, it is most likely powered by AI. I read a great quote recently that said
If it is written in python, it is probably machine learning, if it is written in PowerPoint, it is probably AI.
5 ways your workforce can leverage AI
Now let’s break down AI into 5 common scenarios in which it has potential to change personal productivity for information workers:
The creative thinker
Many information workers have creative ideas but may not necessarily be the best at bringing those ideas to life or visualising them. Modern day AI tools allow us to input ideas and then use the image recognition capabilities of AI to propose a design which matches the content.
The information seeker
In dealing with the abundance of daily information that workers need to process, AI can recognise patterns of the people most frequently engaged with and the messages most read, in order to anticipate the ones you are most likely to read, and maybe even formulate a response you are most likely to give. And these benefits spill into our personal lives too. In a time when work and home life are becoming increasingly converged, being able to manage time and stay on top of our schedules is more important than ever. AI experiences built into calendaring abilities can help us prioritise content, prompt us when it is time to leave for our next personal or professional appointment.
One of the more exciting aspects of how AI can transform tasks we do every day is communication. With a workforce that is increasingly global and distributed, things like language or time barriers can become a real inhibitor to effective communication. Modern day communication tools allow us to have conversations in real time, while doing live translation. In the landscape of collaboration, a lot of our time is spent in meetings, but with a reality that it may often be difficult to align meeting schedules. Modern meetings can be recorded in the cloud and AI allows us to view a transcription of these meetings, search for keywords and even proactively let participants know of actions required. In broadcast meetings, AI provides the ability to analyse sentiment and provide an instant pulse on how my message is being received.
The decision maker
Research is another area that can be time consuming, but modern day AI tools can surface insights from data based on patterns learned over time, enabling us to focus on making better decisions and go one level deeper on insights by having more time to focus on the ‘why’ and not the ‘what’.
The person with a disability
One of the more important aspects of AI is the potential it holds for accessibility. Nearly one in five people suffer from a disability, many of which are invisible to the naked eye. AI can proactively suggest things like adding text to an image to make it more accessible, or allowing text to be read out loud, or even providing a person who someone who is not able to hear with an opportunity to read a transcript and be an active participant.
Humans and machines vs the problem
When it comes to our personal productivity, AI unlocks opportunity for us to augment our human capacity and focus on, well... just being human.
AI has the potential to amplify our creative capacity, to help us to find the information we need, when we need it, stay on top of our personal and professional lives, make us better communicators, unearth information and insights that otherwise would have missed and also make sure that we have a more inclusive workplace.
When it comes to productivity and AI, it is not as much a scenario of humans vs machines, but more of humans plus machines vs the problem. | <urn:uuid:990d1860-7be5-4996-8d14-dcaa488f603c> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://test.bizcommunity.com/Article/5-ways-ai-is-changing-the-workplace-187363 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154356.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802172339-20210802202339-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.947805 | 1,492 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Orbach Science Library Collections
Print and electronic resources highlighting the pivotal sociological, literary, and artistic achievements of people of African descent in America.
Resources related to air quality modeling, air pollution emissions, chemical process, and air remediation, and climate change, including statistical physics.
Unique resources on the horticulture, agronomy, and production of citrus, dates, avocados, and more. Emphasis on crop genetics, pest management, disease control, and nematology.
Collections on microbial pathogenesis, fundamental cellular and molecular microbiology, evolution, genomics, ecology, and public health.
Data sets, topographic and thematic maps, a GIS lab, journals, and databases to support observational modeling and research on geological processes.
Resources on insect physiology, behavior, pest management, semiochemicals, and more. Focus on honey bees, ticks, ants, mosquitos, and pests of subtropical crops.
Proceedings, monographs, databases, and numerical and graphical data on nanoscale materials, biomaterials, bio-inspired materials and more.
Electronic journals, databases, clinical decision aids, and books on medical ethics, cultural competency, and medical humanities.
Patent models, patent and trademark gazettes, and guides to patent information through the Patent and Trademark Resource Center.
This collection documents water related issues in California, the United States, and beyond. Includes technical reports, publications, historical and aerial photographs, maps, and archival collections.
Extensive and unique resources on water quality, ecology, hydroelectric power, and new technologies to increase water supply and efficiency. | <urn:uuid:100195d7-a31f-48f8-9db8-f27f20246fd9> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://library.ucr.edu/libraries/orbach-science-library/collections | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211126.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180816152341-20180816172341-00623.warc.gz | en | 0.835365 | 339 | 2.625 | 3 |
|Photo credit: www.heatingoil.com|
What is the Keystone XL pipeline? A 1,700 mile TransCanada pipeline that would carry 900,000 barrels of oil each day from the tar sands in Canada through the U.S. to refineries in Texas. The pipeline would cut through six states, over seventy rivers and streams, aquifers, farms, and backyards, and disrupt native communities.
Extraction of the oil poisons the air and water, requires hundreds of millions of gallons of water each day, and requires deforestation of the boreal forest in Canada. The oil is bitumen, an especially dirty oil whose refinement results in 20% more carbon emissions than does conventional fuel.
The jobs the pipeline would create would be mostly temporary. The environmental, social, and public health costs of the pipeline over decades and centuries would outweigh any short-term job creation. This pipeline would only increase our dependence on fossil fuels for energy, at a time when our money would be better invested in safe, renewable sources of energy.
Much more after the jump... | <urn:uuid:cfd171bd-b28e-49f2-912a-bb1232104f3a> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://guecoaction.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860117783.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161517-00113-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941942 | 219 | 3.203125 | 3 |
THE APPRENTICES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2014
- The Apprentices (Amendment) Bill, 2014 was introduced in Lok Sabha on August 7, 2014. It proposes to amend the Apprentices Act, 1961.
- The Act regulates the training of apprentices in the industry. An Inter Ministerial Group (IMG) had recommended various changes to the Act to make apprenticeship more responsive to youth and industry. The Statement of Objects and Reasons states that the amendments proposed in the Bill are based on IMG’s recommendations.
- Definitions: The Bill amends the definition of appropriate government to include an establishment operating in four or more states to be regulated by the central government. It also amends the definitions of: (i) designated trade, (ii) graduate or technician apprentice, (iii) trade apprentice, (iv) industry and (v) worker. The Bill adds two definitions: (i) optional trade, and (ii) portal-site. Read more
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE AMENDMENT RULES
- Number of apprentices
An employer falling under the purview of the Apprentices Act, and who has 40 or more employees, is now obligated to appoint between 2.5% to 10% of the average strength of the workforce in the preceding financial year as apprentices for each financial year. Interestingly, contract workers are also included to calculate the strength of the workforce.
Further, establishments are required to disclose the number of apprentices they intend to engage in each quarter.
- Engaging apprentices from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes in designated trades
The requirement to reserve a certain number of places for apprentices from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes existed even prior to the Amendment Rules. However, the ratio has changed according to Schedule II-A of the Apprenticeship Rules. In some states such as Karnataka and Maharashtra, the ratio has increased, in some states such as Delhi it has remained the same and in others it has even decreased.
Earlier there were no specific guidelines on engaging individuals from Other Backward Classes as apprentices, but the Amendment Rules suggest that this will be in accordance with the norms followed in the relevant state or union territory.
- Introduction of optional trades
or to the amendments, employers could only engage apprentices in ‘designated trades’ which are specifically notified, such as carpentry, data preparation and computer software, programming and systems administrative assistant, etc. Now, in addition to the designated trades, an employer can also engage apprentices in an ‘optional trade’ i.e. a trade or a field which has not already been ‘designated’. For apprentices engaged in an optional trade, the employer has more flexibility to decide the duration of the apprenticeship (subject to certain parameters set out in the Amendment Rules), identify the proposed syllabus for training these apprentices, etc.
- Inclusion of non-engineering apprentices and related discrepancies
Prior to the Amendment Act and the Amendment Rules, graduate or technician apprentices only included individuals holding (or undergoing training to hold) a degree or diploma in engineering or technology. The scope has now been expanded to include even non-engineering degree holders and diploma holders.
However, it is relevant to note that, unlike in the case of engineering degree and diploma holders (for whom the Government reimburses the employer for 50% of the minimum stipend), the Government will not contribute towards the stipend for such non-engineering degree holders and diploma holders. Further, there is no clarity yet on the exact qualifications or designated trades for such apprentices.
In light of the increased focus on this legislation, it is important for employers to assess their compliance status, since there may soon be a greater shift towards implementation. Read More | <urn:uuid:938a04c0-a23a-4b49-99b8-00d58410df82> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://indiaapprenticeshipforum.org/regulations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247514804.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222074154-20190222100154-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.945484 | 775 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Your child's reading experience is much more than the reading book which comes home from school. Reading is happening all the time in a classroom and in the school. It is taught in specific reading and English lessons, but children are practising and using their 'reading' constantly across all subjects too.
Parents can support this 'reading journey' through regular reading at home. Reading to and with your child every evening for at least ten minutes can make a dramatic difference to a child's achievement within school. A report from the Oxford University Press highlighted the importance of parents reading with their children. 'Children who read outside of class are 13 times more likely to read above the expected level for their age'.
The report also offers six tips for reading with your child at home, including:
- Make time to read- even ten minutes a day
- Choose different types of books
- Take turns to read
- Talk about the book- asking your child questions
- Pay attention to the language
- Enjoy reading
Please follow the link below for more information, activities and resources about how to support your child in phonics.
Reading at home
Children are expected to read at home and have their diaries signed at least 4 times a week.
All diaries will be checked daily in class. If a child has read independently and recorded the page they have read to this will need signing by an adult too.
Children who have read at home will then be rewarded in the school day as follows:
KS1 and KS2 children
Children who have read at home will be rewarded with a ‘Caught you being good’ ticket and earn an extra 5 minutes playtime daily.
Children who have read at least 4 times over the week will be rewarded with a small treat.
Children who have not had their diaries signed will be required to spend 5 minutes reading with an adult during the school day.
Children will receive a sticker every time they read at home and if they have read 4 times they will be rewarded with a small treat at the end of the week.
The class with the highest percentage for consistently reading at home will receive a whole class reward at the end of the half term.
Please follow the links below to free tablet-friendly eBooks for your child to read at home.
If you can’t read 5% of words in a text the meaning becomes lost. This is why it is so important to read with your child to help them overcome unfamiliar or tricky words, so that they understand what they are reading.
If a child reads for 20 minutes per day at home, that amounts to 3600 minutes per school year and they will be exposed to around 1,800,000 words per year.
If a child reads for 5 minutes per day at home, that amounts to 900 minutes per school year and they will be exposed to 282,000 words per year.
If a child reads for 1 minute per day at home, that amounts to 180 minutes per school year and they will be exposed to 8,000 words per year.
Your child spends on average 900 hours a year in school; however they spend on average 7800 hours per year at home. That is why reading at home as well as in school is so important. Children who read outside of class are 13 times more likely to read above the expected level for their age.
- Children who read often and widely get better at it.
After all, practice makes perfect in almost everything humans do, and reading in no different.
- Reading exercises our brain.
Reading is a much more complex task for the human brain rather than watching TV, for example. Reading strengthens brains connections and builds NEW connections.
- Reading improves concentration.
Children have to sit still and quietly so that they can focus on the story when they are reading. If the read often, they will develop the skill to do this for longer.
- Reading teaches children about the world around them.
Through reading a variety of books children learn about people, places, and events outside of their own experience.
- Reading improves vocabulary and language skills.
Children learn new words as they read. Subconsciously, they absorb information on how to structure sentences and how to use words and other language features effectively in their writing and speaking.
- Reading develops a child's imagination.
As we read our brains translate the descriptions we read of people, places and things into pictures. While we are engaged in a story we are also imagining how a character is feeling. Young children then bring this knowledge into their everyday play.
- Reading helps children to develop empathy.
As children develop they begin to imagine how they would feel in that situation.
- Reading is a fun.
A book or an e-reader doesn't take up much space and is light to carry, so you take it anywhere so you can never be bored if you have a book in your bag.
- Reading is a great way to spend time together.
Reading together on the sofa, bedtimes stories and visiting the library are just some ways of spending time together.
- Children who read achieve better in school.
Reading promotes achievement in all subjects, not just English. Children who are good readers tend to achieve better across the curriculum. | <urn:uuid:bb170091-ebb3-4f91-9671-04b596f468a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.newtonwestpark.co.uk/parents/reading | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103033816.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220624213908-20220625003908-00084.warc.gz | en | 0.966978 | 1,085 | 3.484375 | 3 |
|This rubric was actually designed for a workshop that I presented to the math teachers in my department. I learned of this multiple-choice technique from a workshop entitled Dynamic Classroom Assessment. I liked the technique so well that I wanted to share it with others.
Basically, the multiple-choice quiz is designed to determine how students are thinking about math. Then the teacher can determine what types of errors students are making in their mathematical thinking, and she/he will know how to help students to get on the right track. These quizzes allow students to receive partial credit on a multiple choice quiz. I've used this assessment technique in my classes, and the students' learning has been positively impacted by them.
So, I shared this assessment technique with the teachers in my department. When I conducted the workshop, I wanted feedback from them about how the workshop was conducted and if the information would help their students too. That is why I created this rubric.
The assessment technique can be used as a pre- or post- quiz in a unit.
|Rubric Title||Multiple-Choice Magic Workshop|
|Teacher Name||Trena Wise|
|Links||Factoring Quiz |
|Standards||The assessment technique meets the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics assessment standard that states "assessment is a valuable tool for making instructional decisions.(p.23) Also, the workshop meets several of the standards set forth by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards that require educators to be a member of a learning community, to collaborate with colleagues, and to support the improvement of mathematics education and the professional growth of mathematics teachers. |
|Teacher Tips|| I feel the rubric and project were successful because the workshop went well, and I had many positive comments on the rubric about the session. Many of the teachers were excited to try this assessment technique with their classes. I do not believe that I need to make any changes to it, and I did not encounter any problems with it. RubiStar helped me to help other teachers improve students' learning of mathematics. | <urn:uuid:21d1f724-f29a-4b77-b830-f0d369bda48a> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=Inspiration&inspiration_view=153 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507450097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005730-00151-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959334 | 424 | 3.703125 | 4 |
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Colonial Philadelphia Porcelain: The Art of Bonnin and Morris (March–May 2008)
In Spring 2008 the Philadelphia Museum of Art will open a landmark exhibition featuring the rare surviving works of art from the first commercially produced porcelain made in America. Between 1770 and 1772, the city of Philadelphia was home to an ambitious and complex commercial and artistic undertaking that mirrored attitudes of American independence that were flowering throughout the city and the colonies at the time. Two partners - Gousse Bonnin, an Antiguan-born émigré from England, and George Anthony Morris, a native Philadelphian - launched the American China Manufactory, located in the city’s Southwark section, now the site of the Navy Yard. During its two years of operation the firm produced tablewares that were based on stylish English prototypes that, because of the difficulties and expense required to produce the fine wares, are characterized by their diminutive size and slight flaws in the soft-paste porcelain body and glaze. Wares surviving from the factory’s production are referred to today as “Bonnin and Morris” in honor of the two proprietors. Colonial Philadelphia Porcelain: The Art of Bonnin and Morris will bring together for the first time the nineteen known surviving examples of their porcelain and some large-scale shards unearthed in archeological digs.
The exhibition will highlight the artistic and technological merits of the objects on view, including direct comparison to the specific English blue-and-white wares that served as precedents. Also on display will be important archaeological remains from the American China Manufactory kiln site, which will help place the work of Bonnin and Morris within Philadelphia’s artistic, intellectual, and economic landscape of the late colonial era.
Various factors made Philadelphia the natural setting for the establishment of this commercial venture. Its vibrant intellectual community, and institutions such as the Library Company and the American Philosophical Society played a key role in promoting American manufacturing, scientific, and trade interests. Recent scholarship by Glenn Adamson, a contributing scholar to this project, suggests that Bonnin and Morris’s experiments with porcelain actually evolved from the late 18th century’s continued interest in the pseudoscience of alchemy.
Visitors to the exhibition will for the first time ever enjoy the opportunity to see the surviving wares together and compare the forms and the variety of decoration on them. The pieces include: woven fruit baskets (Philadelphia Museum of Art, Winterthur Museum and Country Estate, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Detroit Institute of Arts, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, and 2 from private collections (Noah and Kaufman); sweetmeat (or pickle) stands (Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, and a private collection; a single pickle dish (Philadelphia Museum of Art); and sauce boats (Brooklyn Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston—Bayou Bend). Select shards will be on display from the archaeological dig of the factory site (owned by the Philadelphia Museum of Art) and from archaeological sites from house sites along Market Street (owned by Independence National Historic Park). The display and interpretation of advertisements, invoices, and shards will provide insight into the full array of wares made at the American China Manufactory, including polychrome enameled decoration suggested by advertisements and evidenced in one shard.
Eminent Philadelphians active in scientific, social and cultural enterprise patronized Bonnin and Morris’s factory, including Thomas Wharton, John Cadwalader and Dr. Benjamin Rush, the physician and patriot, who had called urged colonists to launch and support domestic industries as a means of overcoming economic dependence on Britain. Benjamin Franklin’s wife Deborah procured examples of the firm’s work, including sauceboats, and had them shipped to London, where Franklin was serving in 1771, for his inspection. Franklin responded in a letter to his wife: “… I am pleased to find so good progress made in the China Manufactory. I wish it Success most heartily.”
Research indicates that Bonnin and Morris employed European-trained craftsmen in their manufactory along with indentured servants and apprentices. While there were notable similarities between some of the firm’s wares and those of their trans-Atlantic competitors, individual forms such as two examples of a covered basket reveal an originality that set Bonnin and Morris apart from their English contemporaries.
The cost and difficulty of securing and maintaining skilled and experienced artisans, many of whom had to be lured to the colonies from England with promises of paid passage and higher wages, proved ultimately too great for the firm to sustain. After Britain repealed the unpopular and largely unsuccessful Townshend Acts imposing taxes on luxury consumer goods, support among colonists for continuing the boycott gradually waned and further damaged domestic business prospects. Bonnin and Morris ultimately were forced to terminate operations. Although it was forced to terminate operations after only two years, the Bonnin and Morris experiment demonstrated that not only were colonial Americans capable of producing high quality domestic goods, they were committed to economic independence from England.
In conjunction with the exhibition, the Chipstone Foundation will publish a new book on Bonnin and Morris, written by a team of leading decorative arts scholars and makers. The Center for American Art at the Philadelphia Museum of Art will also sponsor a symposium on Bonnin and Morris while the exhibition is on view. | <urn:uuid:26b884bb-890f-4d38-aa0f-bc09ce8ae8df> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://philamuseum.org/press/releases/2007/607.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203841.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00233-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954075 | 1,130 | 2.53125 | 3 |
In the 1950s a survey of American high school teachers asked what were teachers' greatest concern about their students. The answer given most frequently back then was chewing gum. Today bullying would rank if not at the top, certainly near the top for all grade levels from preschool through high school. It is a major problem plaguing our schools throughout our country.
Bullying is any action to hurt or intimidate someone else deliberately and often repeatedly. These actions can be overt or subtle and even done anonymously over the Internet. I strongly urge every school and each teacher to make this your number one priority in starting off the school year.
The first day of school I ask students to identify any type of bullying behavior. This initial writing assignment is to describe either being the victim of bullying or witnessing someone else being bullied. Students are instructed not to include any names either of the victims or perpetrators. I never had a single student ever at a lost for words, and usually the total list I receive back from my class exceeds 50 separate behaviors, expressing a wide spectrum of unacceptable conduct.
These compositions often reveal one overwhelmingly alarming fact: victims felt that no one cared and no one would take any action to assist them. Victims frequently felt adults would blame them. In addition, the students that identified themselves as bystanders either did not know what to do or believed they too would become a target of bullying.
Although not part of this writing assignment, many students identified as a bully claimed that their actions were not really bullying. They were confronted with the concept that if the other person believes it is bullying, then, in fact, it is an improper act by the perpetrator.
In my classroom experience, I’ve found that often I can turn a bully into a class leader. The metamorphosis occurs when students are taught how to suggest alternative ways to accomplish their immediate goal. Once armed with proper ways of communicating in a situation where all sides have an opportunity to express their thoughts, most incidents of bullying melt away.
A subtler act of bullying is shunning another student or students. The act to isolate an individual can be at times crueler than more overt acts of bullying. During the school years, groups of students work on various school projects. The ostracized student is included in the group of usually four students. The students are judged and graded not only on the results of their efforts but also on how well they work together. I also encourage the student leaders in my class to reach out and include the alienated student.
Beyond using group work to address bullying, I (from day one) put forth a simple set of rules. In addressing my class, it is made clear that the teacher will be consistent and fair. First time offenders (depending on the severity of the deed) will merely be required to offer an apology but are given a warning. Future misbehavior whether similar in action to their “first offense” or something else involving a different victim will results in consequences ranging from making an anti-bullying poster to
My students are taught to avoid people who bully. Walk away from an act of bullying. Seek out friends and most of all tell someone. In my class students are encouraged to inform me. Quickly, they learn that this is not snitching but a way to create a more harmonious classroom environment. Almost always the alleged bully (after a firm but gentle private discussion) is willing to cease any further acts of torment.
By simply having students understand what are the various acts of bullying and that their teacher will not tolerate these actions during a given school year, acts of bullying are almost eradicated. I have had students come back and tell me that they never felt safer, that they truly understand how to work in groups and maybe most importantly of all, how to act like a caring leader. • | <urn:uuid:93f29b51-3b73-4a07-a45c-22cd99e957ed> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.k12hispanicoutlook.com/principals-office/2015/7/6/put-an-end-to-bullying-story-by-gary-cooper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376825512.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20181214092734-20181214114234-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.977779 | 770 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Are These Normal Signs Of Aging Or A Cause For Concern?
Want More Health Updates?
Have you ever walked into a room and forgot why you went in there? How about the fridge, forget what you are looking for? Many experts believe some memory loss is a natural part of aging. However, forgetting how to drive home is different from forgetting where you put your car keys. How do we know when we should be concerned?
A significant difference in age-related memory loss and serious memory impairment is age-related memory loss does not affect the ability to do daily activities. Serious memory disorders and diseases make everyday activities difficult. For example, forgetting how to get to familiar places, asking the same questions multiple times, and confusing close relatives or friends.
If you are concerned about your cognitive health, speak with a professional about your symptoms. Here are some of the most common memory impairments.
Dementia is characterized by behavior, thinking, and social symptoms that negatively impact daily activities. They are a group of conditions characterized by impairment of at least two brain functions. Dementia most commonly affects memory, but it can also impact social skills, judgment, and attention span.
Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common form of Dementia. It is a progressive disease that worsens over time. Early stages of this disease include memory loss but as it progresses, it becomes difficult to carry conversations and react to the environment around them. Symptoms can include forgetting where you place items and not finding them, forgetting significant events or deadlines often, and making poor decisions.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a less intense condition of memory loss. It can be a warning sign of dementia or Alzheimer’s but it does not always lead to them. This condition includes memory impairment more than age-related memory loss. It is a mild form that affects daily activities. | <urn:uuid:37df5769-82cf-4690-b2a4-7453e534774d> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://sojo1049.com/are-these-normal-signs-of-aging-or-a-cause-for-concern/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00281.warc.gz | en | 0.958979 | 385 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Today is Pins and Needles Day . In 1937 it was created to commemorate the opening of a play named Pins and Needles by Harold Rome. It was a pro-labor play with the cast and crew from the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. It played on weekends only so the women could keep their day jobs, and it ran for more than 1000 performances.
Time passed and the play closed, but November 27 is still Pins and Needles Day. The meaning of the day changed with the passing of the play. Now it is a day of anticipation, maybe because children are on "pins and needles" waiting for Christmas. It made me think of something else.
One MS symptom is paresthesia, a skin sensation, such as burning or prickling. Most of the time it is called tingling, because it is awkward to say "I am experiencing paresthesia today" and that requires an explanation anyway. It is easier to skip the medical term and just say "tingling."
"Tingling" sounds rather pleasant, almost fun, but this feeling isn't pleasant, nor is it much fun. It would be more descriptive to say "I have a prickly feeling in my arm," or even "My leg feels like pins and needles."
I choose to think Pins and Needles Day recognizes MSers who have that feeling every once in awhile. Maybe, if the feeling has its own day, it will not feel so bad. We can feel a little special instead of a little bothered. | <urn:uuid:d2713b16-68a3-49b9-985b-f04c73897ead> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.wellsphere.com/multiple-sclerosis-ms-article/paresthesia-or-pins-and-needles/241437 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163054353/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131734-00005-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977929 | 316 | 2.625 | 3 |
Mechanical Engineering Technology Jobs: What is Out there for Me?
The mechanical engineering technology field continues to evolve and has become a critical part of the workforce. As such, it offers a wide range of career paths. This demand for well-educated mechanical engineering technicians, consultants, and production managers has increased, making a degree in mechanical engineering technology a highly desirable degree to obtain.
Is a Career in Mechanical Engineering Technology the Right Path for You?
If you are the type of person who enjoys working with your hands, analyzing a situation and figuring out solutions to problems and how to make things work, then you may be very well suited for a degree as a mechanical engineering technology.
Mechanical engineering technicians are often tasked with assisting mechanical engineers design, develop, troubleshoot and finally manufacture a wide variety of devices such as complex tools and machine engines. They often will make renderings and layouts of their designs and run testing operations to make sure the operations of their designs are viable.
Mechanical engineering technicians help mechanical engineers design, develop, test, and manufacture mechanical devices, including tools, engines, and machines. They may make sketches and rough layouts, record and analyze data, make calculations and estimates, and report their findings.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the job outlook for those seeing a degree as a mechanical engineering technician is projected to increase. They further state that one of the keys to a job as a mechanical engineer is to stay ahead of the newest technology advances especially when it comes to the burgeoning area of 3-D software.
Some possible career paths include:
- Mechanical Engineering Technology
- Mechanical Product Design and Fabrication
- CAD and Computer Graphics
- Automation and Manufacturing
- Machining and Mechanical Maintenance
- Power Generation and Plant Management
- Climate Control: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
- Transportation: Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Aerospace and Aerodynamics Industry
- Systems Control
Choosing the Perfect Mechanical Engineering Technology Job
When you pursue a job in mechanical engineering technology, you could have a wide range of options available to you. Here are some of the fields you may wish to follow:
- Product and Materials Testing Technologist: This is a very wide field and can vary based on the field you intend to enter. Main responsibilities include meeting the standards of the specific industry in which you are working. You will monitor, assemble and find ways to improve the products and internal work flows. To enter this field, you will need to have an associate’s degree in engineering technology with special courses in electronics and circuits. Obtaining specialty certification can further advance ones’ career.
- Manufacturing and Quality Management Engineer: All engineering systems need to have regular quality checks to make sure they are running at peak performance—this is the responsibility of the manufacturing and quality engineer. In this role, you will monitor internal processes and fix any issues preventing the system for running at its best and meeting the quality standards put in place by the organizations’ leadership team.
- Industrial Engineer: An industrial engineer is responsible for find efficiencies; integrate workers, machines and all materials. They make sure that all departments are running “lean” and as productive as possible. They will review production schedules, processes to find more efficient ways to manufacture parts and products and deliver them to market with maximum efficiency.
- Product Engineer: In this role, you will be responsible for designing, developing and coming up with new ideas for products. They must have technology expertise and creativity as they will take a germ of an idea and develop it into a usable product. This includes prototyping, tooling and manufacturing—taking a product from inception to the final product ready to go to market.
Start Your Career with a Strong Educational Background
Are you interested in MET? If you want to earn a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering Technology, ECPI University offers this degree in an accelerated format. For more information regarding this exciting opportunity, connect with a friendly admissions officer today.
It could be the Best Decision You Ever Make!
DISCLAIMER – ECPI University makes no claim, warranty, or guarantee as to actual employability or earning potential to current, past or future students or graduates of any educational program we offer. The ECPI University website is published for informational purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of information contained on the ECPI.edu domain; however, no warranty of accuracy is made. No contractual rights, either expressed or implied, are created by its content.
Gainful Employment Information – Mechanical Engineering Technology - Bachelor’s | <urn:uuid:88e3911a-7813-461d-bfbc-3a3b123b9bea> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.ecpi.edu/blog/mechanical-engineering-technology-jobs-what-is-out-there-for-me | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203842.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325072024-20190325094024-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.946595 | 935 | 2.578125 | 3 |
News From the Field
Ancient Coral Reef Tells the History of Kenya's Soil Erosion
April 10, 2007
Coral reefs, like tree rings, are natural archives of climate change. But oceanic corals also provide a faithful account of how people make use of land through history, says Stanford University scientist Robert B. Dunbar. In a recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters, Dunbar and his colleagues used coral samples from the Indian Ocean to create a 300-year record of soil erosion in Kenya.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering. In fiscal year (FY) 2015, its budget is $7.3 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 colleges, universities and other institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 48,000 competitive proposals for funding, and makes about 11,000 new funding awards. NSF also awards about $626 million in professional and service contracts yearly.
Get News Updates by Email
Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: http://www.nsf.gov
NSF News: http://www.nsf.gov/news/
For the News Media: http://www.nsf.gov/news/newsroom.jsp
Science and Engineering Statistics: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/
Awards Searches: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/ | <urn:uuid:9004786d-4661-4bc0-96b6-7b5b06476309> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=110004 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737864605.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221744-00231-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883932 | 316 | 3.125 | 3 |
According to the Chinese medical society, the lungs and the heart are places where the air jing is converted into ch'i (qi). The food jing is stored in the stomach and the digestive system, which is absorbed and converted into ch'i. This ch'i is stored in the middle dan-tian and follows the conception and governing vessels to be dispersed through the human body. The lungs are responsible for taking ch'i from the air and from the energy ch'i state of the body; they govern skin and hair. There are countless methods to strengthen the ch'i, or vital energy, of which I will mention only the most important to our practice.
Breathing through the Natural Method
In carrying out the natural breathing, it would be of much aid if you know how muscles work while completing a breathing cycle. In the chapter on the anatomy of breath in the book The MSCP Principle (The Mental Screen Conditioning Process Principle), you get a glimpse on which muscles help to carry out this important process of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide). Emotions and thoughts affect the way we breathe. When sad, our breathing is slower than when breathing more quickly by feeling tense or nervous. Emotion takes an important role in the inhalations or exhalations we take. The sighs after crying by sadness or emotional outburst produce longer inhalations. This is most noticeable when we inhale when sobbing than when we exhale through the sob. Note that lovers or cheerful people inhale and exhale deeper, longer, and release an energy that comes out of the chest by effects of the sigh.
When doing the natural breathing, think first in relaxing the body, feel comfortable, and release any mental concerns. Allow air to flow freely through the nostrils and feel how this fresh air fills your lungs. Feel your breath, do not attempt to control the duration of exhalations or inhalations.
This breathing is carried out by the expansion and contraction of the rib cage. Refer to the section that covers the subject on the anatomy of breathing. The purpose of the chest breathing is to think about the expansion of the chest to achieve greater oxygenation. Do not stretch the chest or contract the muscles of the neck, shoulders, or back since this will cause more muscular and emotional stress and therefore greater oxygen consumption in the process. Keep a calmed mind, relax your body, smile, and enjoy the feeling this breathing can provide while expanding the chest muscles. Exhale and feel how the muscles of the chest relax and the rib cage collapses due to the internal and external intercostal muscles holding the ribs. While exhaling, send your vital energy to the upper and lower limbs since this type of breathing has more load energy. This type of breathing makes to get more oxygen to the terminals of the bronchioles.
It is carried out by the concentration to contract the muscles of the abdominal wall along with the diaphragm while breathing in and out. Lungs can increase its performance and capabilities and thus affect and improve health.
Teachers Recognize Two Types of Abdominal Breathing
1. Natural abdominal breathing—while inhaling, the abdominal wall is extended and retracted while exhaling. This breathing can be seen in babies since they naturally inhale and exhale in this way. Unborn babies are fed through the umbilical cord, which, joined to the mother, provides the livelihood for its development. In the mother cloister, the baby must move the abdomen to be able to pump nutrients and oxygen that nourish his/her body. After birth, the baby starts to feed through the mouth and receives oxygen through the lungs. It is to make use of the abdominal wall to receive food. As the body grows up, it stops doing this type of breathing and, if not informed about its benefits, starts developing bad breathing habits.
2. Reversed abdominal breathing—reverse abdominal breathing must start with a slight movement in the abdomen in coordination with a complete cycle of inhalation-exhalation. Keep the area of the solar plexus to the navel, known as the middle warmer relaxed. After a while of practicing reversed abdominal or opposite breathing, the person intentionally reverses the direction of inhalation and exhalation. When inhaling, one retracts the abdominal wall, without forcing the muscles of the abdomen, and while exhaling, the abdominal wall is extended. This breathing can be seen when we inhale to push a heavy object, such as a car, which we are pushing to move. In doing so, we inhale to take strength by contracting the muscles of the entire body. Then we contain the breath by targeting chi to all the muscles to get prepared to push, at the same time, we extend the abdominal wall exerting pressure on it, to distribute the chi throughout the body, and then we exhale through the mouth to prolong the chi force, directing it to the arms and hands.
Practitioners should start first to practice the basic forms of chi kung breathing, such as the natural breathing, before starting to practice reversed breathing. Reversed breathing makes use of the diaphragm to carry out an inhalation. The diaphragm goes down while the abdomen is retracted. Some pressure should be exerted in the abdomen up to what the diaphragm hinders its free and natural downward movement. In inexperienced practitioners, this type of breathing makes the body more yang; the mind becomes concerned and confused. Impatience is reflected in their actions and so fickle to decide their actions; their will is not stable.
A symptom that reverse abdominal breathing shows is stagnating energy in the abdomen which is the manifestation of a faster heartbeat. This can cause pressure and stress on the lower dan-tian, making the vital energy pond, condition mostly present in students who just have begun this type of breathing. Pain in abdomen, chest pain, or diarrhea are the results of stagnated energy in the abdomen. In this case, it is recommended to practice natural abdominal breathing until it feels natural and flowing without causing any discomfort. Observing this the practitioner's actions will be controlled, and willingness will be strengthened at decision making. The MSCP I practice and Taoist meditation will bring the energy flow to a stable flow.
How Breathing Should Be Observed
Both systems of breathing, the natural abdominal breathing and the reverse abdominal breathing, should be made slowly, extended, thin, soft, and even. Slowly means to focus on making these flow naturally, with relaxed shoulders, chest, and stomach and must be slow as inflating a balloon without pausing. Inhale counting to four and exhale counting to four as well. Continue the cycle.
Extended means, with practice, increase the count breathing up to nine or more; the same is applied on the exhaling stage. Thin—thin breaths are identified with an inhalation allowing little air to let go as stretching a "rubber band," both while inhaling and during exhaling. Inhaling as if you were breathing in a "trickle" air, inhale naturally without opening the nostrils to inhale or exhale-without forcing the ala of nose to open-. Let the air out like a string to prolong the exhalation, or inhale a trickle of air to stretch the inhalation. Even means if you set a count for one, two, three, four to inhale, so count the same number and duration while exhaling. Soft means we inhale a trickle of air to avoid making a noise, or we avoid to raise the chest to breath. No obvious motion of the chest or noise from inhaling should be done in the breathing cycle. While exhaling the abdomen expands or collapses to strengthen muscles while inhaling when doing reversed breathing. Observe that when you exhale on the last eighth of the trickle of air, "strengthen" the abdomen to "remove" the hidden air in the abdominal wall but without forcing the last vital reserve. We inhale naturally without hurrying up to receive the first dose of vital air.
Breathing with Complete Inhalations and Exhalations
This is a type of abdominal breathing. In this type of breathing, the input and output of air through the abdominal movement is coordinated. This type of breathing includes the abdominal breathing and the chest breathing. Here, more oxygenation will be stored because of the use of a larger thoracic and abdominal area. This process trains the abdominal and rib cage muscles to stretch and contract to the maximum, as well as to help generate a clear thinking; it makes the practitioner more self-conscious, wiser, and to be on a complete peace of mind. When inhaling and exhaling, a light sound is done. This helps guide the chi to the surface of the skin, condensing it at the center of the body or directing it to the bone marrow.
- Body breathing or breathing through the skin Breathing is considered a technique for leading vital energy to the skin and hair. The skin is the largest organ of the body. This organ performs many functions, such as perspiration to lower the temperature and refreshing when it evaporates sweat on the skin, to receive impulses from the environment, to receive the sensations of warmth or cold, or expel toxins through sweat, among other functions. Body breath is one of the major practices of chi kung. During the practice of the –MSCP I- routine, the personal chi bubble can be felt expanding and contracting it during this type of respiration. The personal chi bubble can expand and be directed to other places or parts of the body. This chi bubble strengthens the body's guardian chi, protecting you from viral or subtle energy external influences.
The Physical Benefits to Carry Out Correct Breathing
While carrying out this type of breathing, the body in its entirety also breathes. To inhale chi through the nose, the pores in the skin are closed, but when exhaling through the pores of the skin these open (felt through the expansion of the energy bubble), promoting the chi circulation. When you circulate chi while exhaling, you'll be able to feel a sense of body expansion, often feeling the hands are surrounded by a light cloud. Sometimes, you may feel that your skin is surrounded by a warm coat similar to the feeling of the heat the sun provides. Together with the large intestine (yang), the lungs (yin) are considered paired organs; which belong to metal in the five phases. Because the lungs are sensitive to emotional change, especially when you feel sad or upset, deep breathing is able to calm your excited chi state. With regular practice, you will notice that the effects these breathing techniques have provided
- an obvious emotional tranquility,
- a reduction of body toxins,
- an expansion of the vital energy,
- a reduction in expansion of the energy flow toxins,
- a reduction of physical tension,
- an increase in the oxygenation of the blood,
- a synchronization of events occurring at your surroundings and a concept of universal unity, and
- a feeling of total body relaxation and a mental clarity.
While doing the act of breathing, all the eleven body systems are involved in the pursuit of homeostasis, which is the condition of balance in the body's internal environment, due to the multiple regulatory processes happening within the body. Breath regulation has still many secrets to be unveiled. As an example, I'll mention the anchoring of the breathing process with healing techniques, which could bring much good to the practitioner and, if shared to the whole world, could help to reduce health unbalances. Breathing together with the brain and heart's complex functions maintains life in our planet. Without the proper participation in any of these organs, normal life would be just impossible.
Breathing is the foundation for the creation of life; breathing is the key element for the Blue Emptiness Qi Grid, in which energy tool can be applied and linked many of other healing techniques. Together with the science of breathing, the Blue Emptiness Qi Grid and the spiral arrow technique may as well restore body organs. The breathing spirit can be felt when trying to transmit it by means of the presence, guidance, and use of qi.
René Qián has been practicing Esoteric Transcendental Meditation and Chi kung (Qigong) since 1973. Founder and coordinator since 1986 of the School of the Spoken Tao. Contact Qián by visiting the web site: www.thespokenqiantao.com. This article is an excerpt from chapter 8 of The MSCP Principle by René Qián.
Originally published in Spring 2022 Qi Journal | <urn:uuid:7d041634-4be5-47b5-85f3-f03ed8ee5d8e> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.qi-journal.com/qigong-meditation/qigong-ch-i-kung/3011-breathing-techniques | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651325.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605053432-20230605083432-00282.warc.gz | en | 0.934217 | 2,598 | 3.234375 | 3 |
22 March 2013
World Water Day is a chance for all Australians to remember how precious water is in our country and how reliant our food supply is on efficient use of this resource.
Matthew Cossey, Chief Executive Officer of CropLife Australia, said today, “Australian farmers currently produce almost 93 per cent of our domestic food supply. As our population increases, the agricultural sector will have to continue to find ways to produce more with less in even more challenging environmental and economic circumstances.
“The investment in research and development made by the plant science industry is pivotal to helping farmers improve production in increasingly harsh conditions, but our farmers also need the support of policy makers. It is crucial that regulation of agriculture industries facilitates innovation.
“As we enter an election year, with a great deal of talk about agricultural productivity and the opportunities of the Asian Century making headlines, it is important we remember the constant challenges our farmers face in providing Australians with a safe, affordable, and varied food supply. Water scarcity is just one such challenge.
“The need to cooperate to find innovative ways to get more agricultural output from the water used is more crucial than ever. World Water Day is an opportune time for Australian governments and industry to recommit to leading the world in sustainable food production.
“Government and industry need to continue working together to invest in innovation to meet the joint challenges of sustainability and productivity. Globally, the plant science industry is one of the world’s most innovative sectors, with the top 10 companies investing an estimated $4.72 billion in research and development each year.
“Advances in agricultural biotechnology and modern crop protection chemistry are already saving our nation billions of dollars and reducing water usage by up to 32 per cent per acre for some crops. Diminishing natural resources, climate change and the challenge of water scarcity further emphasise the importance of embracing all of the approved tools and technologies available to farmers today, and investing in research for the tools of the future.
“Australia has an opportunity to become a world leader in sustainable, innovative food production. Our plant science industry is already considered among the best in the world, but the support of policy makers and investment in agricultural innovation is vital for Australian farmers to make the most of this opportunity.
“The prosperity that the Asian Century promises for Australian agriculture will not be realised without a concerted effort to invest in and promote the technologies our farmers need to produce more food, while conserving our precious natural resources.” Mr Cossey concluded.
World Water Day Background:
The objective of World Water Day over the past two decades has been to raise awareness and promote sustainability of one of the world’s most precious resources. World Water Day in 2012 focused international attention on the challenges around ‘Water and Food Security’. In 2013, in reflection of the International Year of Water Cooperation, World Water Day is also dedicated to the theme of cooperation around water. | <urn:uuid:dec30508-e502-47ed-98c6-37483222c8a0> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.croplife.org.au/media/media-releases/commit-to-innovation-on-world-water-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578530527.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421100217-20190421122217-00431.warc.gz | en | 0.923508 | 601 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The Keto Zone diet allows you to take back control over your health. By teaching you how to track your intake of protein, fat, carbs, and other micronutrients, you set yourself up for success in all aspects of wellness. However, potassium probably isn’t high on the list of nutrients you’re making sure to consume every day.
Less than 2% of the United States population reaches the daily 4,700 mg potassium recommendation. (1) It tends to sit on the backburner of standard diets. But in reality, it’s a powerful mineral that does more for the body than we realize.
Let’s break down what potassium is, why we need it, and how to get it.
Potassium is one of the seven most important macrominerals, the third most common mineral in our bodies, and also an electrolyte. This means when it’s placed inside of our body’s water content, it turns into either negatively or positively charged ions.
In potassium’s case, it carries positively charged ions that conduct electricity throughout the body. In turn, these electrical abilities help vital functions like contracting our heart muscles to keep us alive and thriving.
Almost all the potassium in your body is found in your cells, of which 80% are muscle cells and 20% are liver, bone, and red blood cells. (2)
The electricity created by consuming potassium is used to maintain fluid balance, nerve signals, normal blood pressure, and muscle contractions. (3, 4) Without these regulations, our bodies would suffer from serious dehydration and the inability to move our muscles, sustain a steady heartbeat, or have responsive reflexes. Those are big deals!
On top of being responsible for those fundamental functions, eating enough potassium can reduce the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis, protect muscles, fight kidney stones, and aid bloating. (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
As a critical mineral, potassium plays an enormous role in our overall wellbeing. And it’s not the only one! Magnesium is, too. Read What You Need to Know About Magnesium on Keto.
Since 98% of the population is not eating enough potassium, there’s a chance you may be potassium deficient. Here are some signs to look out for:
If your potassium levels are low, your muscles aren’t able to make strong contractions, which makes you feel weak and tired. (12)
When your brain doesn’t receive the potassium it needs, it could also result in muscle cramps or spasms. The nerve signals to your muscles may be weaker than usual, which can lead to prolonged muscle contractions. These longer, often painful contractions are cramps. (15,16)
Tingling and numbness are other results of a lack of potassium straining the communication from your brain to your body. It’s called paresthesia and usually appears in your legs, feet, hands, or arms. (17, 18)
When potassium is in the blood and travels to your heart, it helps regulate your heartbeat. But when you don’t have enough potassium, it can cause heart palpitations. Usually, they make your heart beat faster, harder, or skip a beat. (19,20)
The muscles in the lungs contract and expand because potassium helps the brain send those clear signals. But if you don’t have a good storage of potassium, your lungs might struggle to complete those contractions all the way, resulting in breathing difficulties. (21)
Now that you know why potassium is important, it’s time to eat it. Here are the top keto-friendly sources of potassium (22):
Without potassium, our bodies would be in a world of trouble! It’s super important to make sure you’re aiming for the recommended daily dose. And thankfully, foods like spinach, chicken, and salmon are incredibly high in potassium while being keto-friendly. Win/Win!
Along with eating the above foods, you can also balance out your electrolytes with Keto Zone Instant Ketones. | <urn:uuid:111a2721-2578-4f5a-b1b2-e8fb5cf8bf85> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://drcolbert.com/are-you-getting-enough-potassium-on-keto-why-you-need-it-what-to-eat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499790.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130003215-20230130033215-00024.warc.gz | en | 0.925465 | 868 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The UK faces serious health implications if the government fails to agree a deal, finds a report that says of 35 portions of fruit and vegetables, a figure relating to the five-a-day recommendation for individuals, just one “portion” is grown in the UK and picked by British or non-EU workers.
The report, to mark the launch of aexamining the impact of Brexit on food and farming, found that – which adds up to the 35 portions of fruit and vegetables a week – was overwhelmingly met by food grown in the EU or harvested by EU workers in the UK.
Sue Pritchard, director of the RSA Food,and Countryside Commission, said Brexit offered a great opportunity to reshape farming and food, but warned that no deal over the exit from the union would have a dramatic and immediate effect.
“What would be available on the shelves would change dramatically. There will be delays at ports and all along the food supply system – the impact will be felt very, very quickly,” she said.
The study found that of the average 28 portions consumed by Britons of the recommended weekly intake of 35 portions of fruit and vegetables, the equivalent of 11 portions came from the EU, seven from the rest of the world and nine arose from the UK and were harvested by workers from other EU countries. The equivalent of just one portion was grown in the UK and harvested by British or non-EU workers.
Pritchard added: “If there is no deal the system is very fragile and the impact in the UK food supply is likely to be dramatic.”
The majority of farmers backed Brexit, but theand that Britain will be unable to produce the food if the government cannot secure a deal that allows tens of thousands of EU workers to continue to work on UK farms.
The government has been criticised for failing to make any meaningful progress in the Brexit negotiations and key figures,, have argued that a no deal would be better than a bad deal.
The commission, which will be officially launched on Wednesday, aims to explore what will happen to food and farming after Brexit and how the UK might then improve public health, sustainability and the rural environment.
It says that since the UK joined the European Economic Community, in 1973, the amount people have spent on food has decreased as a proportion of their weekly household budget, from 31% to 17%.
Poor diets have also become more common as a cause of ill health, with the latest estimates putting the cost of obesity at £16bn a year.
Sir Ian Cheshire, chair of the RSA commission, said: “The role of this commission is to learn what other people want, as well as the established experts, what’s working in the communities around the country, to come up with some creative answers and find a way through.”
Pritchard said that although less than a fifth of people in the UK lived in rural areas, everyone relied on the countryside for “food, clean water and more”. She added: “The countryside and rural scenery is the top feature that people say makes them proud of their country.”
She said that though Brexit would pose a serious challenge to the UK’s food and farming, it also presented a once-in-a-generation opportunity. “It is forcing us to address many systemic failings that we have ignored for too long and if we can get this right we can create a better, more sustainable, healthier future.”
Most of UK’s fruit and veg is from other EU nations ‘so Brexit impact may be dramatic’ – The Guardian | <urn:uuid:98b541d1-b280-4916-a292-d1c126d30cee> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://www.everynewsupdate.com/most-of-uks-fruit-and-veg-is-from-other-eu-nations-so-brexit-impact-may-be-dramatic-the-guardian/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039750800.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121193727-20181121215727-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.972522 | 746 | 2.75 | 3 |
The research team was led by professors Joshua Sanes and Jeff Lichtman from the Center for Brain Science at Harvard. Their paper, published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, aims to explain previous findings, indicating that exercise and restricted-calorie diets help to stave off the mental and physical degeneration of aging.
The experiments were performed on genetically engineered laboratory mice. The design was to make the mice’s nerve cells glow in fluorescent colors, showing that some of the debilitation of aging is caused by the deterioration of connections that nerves make with the muscles they control. These structures are called neuromuscular junctions.
According to Sanes, these microscopic links are remarkably similar to the synapses that connect neurons to form information-processing circuits in the brain. Moreover, he says that in a healthy neuromuscular synapse, nerve endings and their receptors on muscle fibers are almost a perfect match, like two hands placed together. The paper explains that this lineup ensures maximum efficiency in transmitting the nerve’s signal from the brain to the muscle, which is what makes it contract during movement.
The neurological process aging people face is simple; the neuromuscular synapses deteriorate and nerves shrink, leading to failure to cover the muscle’s receptors completely. Sanes said the intersections between the nerves and muscles can go from a continuous network that looks like a pretzel to one that resembles a bunch of beads — broken into discontinuous individual lumps, interfering with transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. This loss of activity can result in wasting and eventually even death of muscle fibers.
“With calorie restriction, we saw reversal of all of these things. With exercise, we saw a reversal of most, but not all,” said Sanes. In his work, he found that mice on a restricted-calorie diet largely avoid that age-related deterioration of their neuromuscular junctions, while those on a one-month exercise regimen when already elderly partially reverse the damage.
Although the experiments’ results are unambiguous, Sanes still cautions against drawing conclusions about the effectiveness of exercise versus calorie restriction in preventing or reversing synaptic damage. He notes that longer periods of exercise might have more profound effects, a possibility he and Lichtman are now testing.
When asked about the motivation behind this research, Sanes said: “There’ve been quite a few reports that caloric restriction and exercise delay cognitive decline, but people don’t know much about the cellular reasons behind them. These findings in neuromuscular synapses make us curious to know whether similar effects might occur in brain synapses.”
One of the benefits drawn from the study’s results is better understanding of neuromuscular junctions, which are responsible for gradual loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia). Such loss is a common problem in the elderly, debilitating otherwise healthy individuals who can lose their balance and break a hip or other bones, leading to a cascade of physical ills. “The effects of exercise and caloric restriction on innervation may help explain their beneficial effects on sarcopenia,” said Sanes.
The five-year collaboration between Lichtman and Sanes led to this study, which was financed through grants from the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the Ellison Medical Foundation. Although the images obtained are clear, both scientists claim their work was structural, not functional, and therefore their results cannot be applied immediately without further research. One of the major reasons for this belief is that they are yet to test how well the synapses worked.
“Caloric restriction and exercise have numerous, dramatic effects on our mental acuity and motor ability,” Sanes concludes. The research “gives us a hint that the way these extremely powerful lifestyle factors act is by attenuating or reversing the decline in our synapses,” he said.
TFOT also covered the key to living healthily ever after, discovered at the University of Southern California, a new method to decrease neuron loss rate in mice bearing Alzheimer’s disease and ALS analogues, developed by scientists from MIT and Harvard, and the benefits surfing the web has on the elderly, reported by UCLA researchers.
For more information about the latest insights on healthy aging, see Harvard’s official press release. | <urn:uuid:d930770e-8baf-4562-9b2f-4228c04fa46d> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://thefutureofthings.com/4529-insights-on-healthy-aging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447660.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00139-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948637 | 905 | 3.359375 | 3 |
An earache is a sharp, dull, or burning pain in one or both ears. The pain may last a short time or be ongoing. Related conditions include:
The symptoms of an ear infection may include:
Many children will have minor hearing loss during or right after an ear infection. Most of the time the problem goes away. Lasting hearing loss is rare, but the risk increases with the number of infections.
The eustachian tube runs from the middle part of each ear to the back of the throat. This tube drains fluid that is made in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid can build up. This may lead to pressure behind the eardrum or an ear infection.
Ear pain in adults is less likely to be from an ear infection. Pain that you feel in the ear may be coming from another place, such as your teeth, the joint in your jaw (temporomandibular joint), or your throat. This is called "referred" pain.
Causes of ear pain may include:
Ear pain in a child or infant may be due to infection. Other causes may include:
The following steps may help an earache:
For ear pain caused by a change of altitude, such as on an airplane:
The following steps can help prevent earaches:
Call your doctor if:
The doctor will do a physical exam, and look at the ear, nose, and throat areas.
Pain, tenderness, or redness of the mastoid bone behind the ear on the skull is often a sign of a serious infection.
Otalgia; Pain - ear; Ear pain
Bauer CA, Jenkins HA. Otologic symptoms and syndromes. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund LJ, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 156.
O'Handley JG, Tobin EJ, Shah AR. Otorhinolaryngology. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 19.
Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T. Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3): e964-e999.
Coker TR, Chan LS, Newberry SJ, Limbos MA, Suttorp MJ, Shekelle PG, et al. Diagnosis, microbial epidemiology, and antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a systematic review. JAMA. 2010 Nov 17;304(19):2161-9.
Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2014, A.D.A.M., Inc. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized in writing by ADAM Health Solutions. | <urn:uuid:2baecc5c-f14c-4bcd-9a59-85579f35cb7a> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003046.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400372490.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123252-00165-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889034 | 748 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Date(s) - 28/10/20
7:00 pm - 8:30 pm
Six years after the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ reached the European continent, the topic is still widely debated. Media, politics, and the public discuss intensive ways to deal with incoming migrants and to prevent migration in the future. However, many misconceptions exist around migration and joint solutions to the topic are lacking.
With this lecture series, the Refugee Project Maastricht, the Maastricht Young Academy (MYA), the Maastricht Center for Citizenship, Migration, and Development (MACIMIDE), and UNU-Merit aim to provide an objective picture on the topic of migration and offer new insights. To do so, different aspects around migration are analyzed and different perspectives are given on how states might deal with the influx of refugees in the future. In a number of lectures, experts will talk about topics such as myths and misconceptions in the area of migration, climate change, and migration, dealing with high displacement, gender and migration, citizenship, EU Asylum Law, and more.
Does holding citizenship affect migrants’ life experience and, if so, how? In this lecture we discuss the controversial and complex relation between immigrant naturalization and life experiences within the host society. This relationship is ideologically controversial because some politicians view citizenship as a reward for being a well-integrated immigrant, whereas others see the promise of full membership of the country of residence and the entitlement to all the rights attached to it as a major incentive for self-empowerment and identification with others in society. The causal relation between citizenship and immigrant integration is scientifically complex as immigrants who are already better integrated are also more likely to naturalize. We discuss key concepts and theories, some comparative facts about citizenship policies in Europe, and findings from ongoing research. Finally, we reflect on how the pandemic may affect these considerations, as migrants will look to formalise their right to remain and reenter the country of naturalisation in the event of a subsequent pandemic or other emergency event, especially if they are able to retain their citizenship of origin.
For more information about prof. Vink’s ongoing research in this area, see: https://www.milifestatus.com.
You can follow prof. Vink on twitter: @maartenpvink
Find more information here. | <urn:uuid:a8b38cb7-25c9-471e-98ba-00d255d5713c> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://macimide.maastrichtuniversity.nl/events/maastricht-migration-lecture-series-does-citizenship-matter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337625.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005105356-20221005135356-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.922271 | 497 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Lack of sleep at night can make you cranky the next day. But over time, skipping on enough sleep can mess with more than just your morning mood. There has been a lot of research and study to establish that better sleep can help improve all sorts of issues, from keeping your blood sugar in check to improving the overall effectiveness your workouts.
Here are some benefits to highlight the importance of sleep:
Stronger Immune System
For the body to ward off illnesses, our immune system works pretty hard, and poor sleep changes the way the immune cells work. A good night’s rest can help the body immune cells get the rest they need to fight off whatever comes their way — like colds or the flu, and accordingly to studies, better sleep can also make vaccines more effective!
Well-rested you = Less hungry you! Sleep deprivation messes with the hormones in our brain that control appetite. And when we’re tired, we’re lazy and couch-potatoes! Basically, it’s a recipe for putting on pounds. The time we spend in bed is as important as the time we spend at the table and at the gym to help us really manage our weight
Another thing that our brain does while we sleep is that it processes our emotions. Our mind needs down time in order to recognise and react to situations in the right way. When we cut that time short, we tend to have more negative emotional reactions than positive ones. Better sleep will ensure that we are rejuvenated, better prepared to handle anything that comes our way, and overall more pleasant to be around.
While we are asleep, our blood pressure goes down, giving our heart and blood vessels a bit of a rest. The less sleep we get, the longer our blood pressure stays up during a 24-hour cycle. So remember, some short-term down time can have long-term payoffs.
When we’re running low on sleep, we have trouble holding onto and recalling details. This happens because sleep plays a big part in both, learning and memory. Without enough sleep, it’s tough to focus and take in new information. Our brain also doesn’t have enough time to properly store memories for us to be able to pull them up later. Sleep lets our brain catch up with our body so we’re more ready for what’s next.
Better Athletic Achievement
Lack of sleep robs you of energy and time for muscle repair, but a sleepless night also saps your motivation, which is finally what gets any champion to the finish line. One will face a harder mental and physical challenge — and see slower reaction times. Where as better sleep sets you up for your best performance!
Now do you understand why experts recommend that we get at least 7-8 hours of sleep every night? Because the benefits of sleep are way more than just getting rid of dark circles or putting a brake on the constant yawning. If these benefits have you ready to get into your PJs and hit the sack, we don’t know what will! | <urn:uuid:5c2d88ee-3193-4e88-9317-6256959e02b8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.centuaryindia.com/blog/the-benefits-of-full-nights-sleep/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511220.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003192425-20231003222425-00499.warc.gz | en | 0.933921 | 649 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The Seminoles of Florida, a tribe said to have been derived from Creek refugees, resisted the efforts made to remove them, and started a war which proved to be the longest and most costly Indian war to which the United States had ever been subjected. Instead of being concluded in one or two severe campaigns, as in ordinary cases, it dragged its slow length along for seven years, until the government almost despaired of subduing its savage adversaries.
Difficulties with this tribe began in 1812, when Colonel Newnan invaded their territory and was forced to retreat with loss. The shelter which they gave to fugitive slaves, and their depredations on the settlements, were the cause of the next war, conducted by General Gaines and afterwards by General Jackson, which resulted in the cession of Florida by Spain to the United States in 1819.
The active efforts to settle this new territory which succeeded were partly checked by the presence and the lurking hostilities of the Indians, while the shelter which they gave to runaway slaves in their secret coverts formed another source of disturbance. Finally, in 1833 a treaty was made with the principal chiefs for the removal of the tribe to the Indian Territory. But many of the younger warriors resisted this treaty, which they declared to have been fraudulently obtained. The celebrated Osceola, in particular, displayed indications of determined hostility to the whites.
After evading the execution of the treaty until 1835, with studied dissimulation of their real intentions, in which Osceola acted his part so perfectly as completely to deceive the government agents, while in the mean time they collected all the arms and ammunition possible, they suddenly broke out into hostilities. Major Dade, with a party of over one hundred men, was ambushed, and the whole party killed or mortally wounded. At the same time Osceola and some followers made a sudden attack upon the government commissioner, General Thompson, and massacred him and several of his companions, within a short distance of Fort King. The war thus inaugurated was prosecuted with more or less vigor for several years succeeding. But such were the intricacies of the swamps in which the savages concealed themselves that they proved almost impossible to reach, while they constantly appeared at unexpected places and committed unceasing murders and depredations.
In October, 1836, Governor Call, with nearly two thousand men, penetrated the swamps, and defeated the Indians in two engagements. They received a severe blow in 1837. General Jessup, after several encounters with them, induced some of the principal chiefs to sign a treaty of removal. This treaty was soon broken through the influence of Osceola. But in October this chief, with several others, who had come into the American camp under the protection of a flag, was seized and held prisoner by General Jessup. Osceola was subsequently confined in Fort Moultrie, where he died of a fever in the following January.
In December, 1837, the army in Florida numbered about nine thousand men. Yet against this strong force the Indians still held out. A severe battle took place during this month near Lake Okechobee, in which General Taylor defeated the enemy, after a hard fight in the swamps.
Both sides now changed their tactics. The Indians avoided pitched battles, and confined themselves to unexpected onslaughts, while hiding effectively from the troops. The whites, on the contrary, penetrated the everglades more and more deeply, and gradually broke up the lurking-places of the foe. A warfare of a peculiar and unusual character ensued.
THE winter of 1838-39 was spent by the troops in active service in the endeavor to hunt out from their hiding-places the small Indian bands scattered through the country, but with little success, as the Indians, by their better knowledge of the country, were enabled to avoid their pursuers. Occasionally their settlements were reached and broken up, but few of the Indians were seen.
During the operations of this campaign, one hundred and ninety-six Indians and negroes surrendered or were captured and sent West.
The policy of the Indians was now, says General Taylor, to avoid giving battle to regular troops, even in single companies, while at the same time every opportunity was seized to wreak their vengeance on the unarmed inhabitants of the country. Moving by night, rapidly, in small squads, they were able to appear unexpectedly in remote parts of the country, their presence indicated only by their rifles and shrill yells as they approached at daylight the home of some unsuspecting settler. Murders were committed by the Indians within a few miles of Tallahassee and St. Augustine.
Discouraged at the failure of his efforts either to find the Indians or bring them to a stand, General Taylor adopted the plan of dividing the whole country into squares, and placing a block-house, with a small detachment, in each, a part of the number to be mounted. The officer commanding was to scout his district every alternate day, thoroughly examining the swamps and hammocks to see that they were clear of Indians. The merits of this plan were not tested, as it was never fully carried out.
It was prevented from being put into operation by the arrival of General Macomb as a government agent to treat with the Indians. He made an arrangement with the chiefs in which they agreed to confine themselves to a designated portion of the south of Florida until other arrangements could be made. It was now announced that the war was at an end, and great joy was felt by the citizens, who prepared to return to their devastated fields. Yet in July, when the season for active operations by the troops had passed, hostilities broke out in all directions, and many murders were committed. Colonel Harney, with a detachment of twenty-five men, was attacked and many of his men killed, while he himself escaped only by swimming to a fishing-boat.
The prosecution of the war now became extremely discouraging, and the end seemed farther off than three years before. The Indians had become familiarized with the exhibition of military power, and had learned to contemn it. They found themselves at the close of four years still in possession of the country, and powerful for annoyance and to inflict revenge, and their ferocity seemed to increase with its exercise..
The citizens and troops had become so exasperated against the Indians for their repeated massacres of the feeble and the unprotected that a feeling had grown up that they were deserving of extermination, and that any and every means should be used to hunt and capture or destroy them. The great difficulty in so wide an extent of country, abounding in thick hammocks, palmetto and scrubby lands, swamps, islands, and morasses, was to pursue them successfully.
An attempt was made to run them down with Spanish bloodhounds, but these proved unsuited to the country. The Indians continued their old tactics, coming in, professing friendship, claiming to be tired of the war, receiving food, and suddenly disappearing. New murders would quickly follow. Severely as they had been hunted, the country was so adapted to concealment that they were yet spread through all parts of the Territory.
Billy Bowlegs, the Prophet, and Hospetarkee, Shiver and Shakes, were the head-men of a large party of Seminoles who occupied the country south of Pease Creek. In December, 1840, Colonel Harney, with a detachment of one hundred men, penetrated this hitherto-unexplored region in canoes, and created much alarm among the occupants of this almost inaccessible portion of the country. Chekika, the Spanish-Indian chief, was overtaken by a detachment of troops and killed, and six of his companions captured and hung on the spot, and, it is said, their bodies were suspended from the trees.
This expedition, and the summary punishment inflicted by Colonel Harney, greatly intimidated the Indians, and they resorted to their old expedient of having "a talk" and expressing a strong desire for peace and amity. As their sincerity could only be tested by the result, their offers were accepted, and they came in and received clothing and subsistence, thus gaining time to plant their fields and devise new measures of security for their families. During the winter and spring, every day they could delay operations against them was important. In April, having accomplished their purposes, they again disappeared, leaving the baffled officers of the government to speculate once more on the uncertainty of Indian professions..
Five years had elapsed, and still the Indians remained, and the government was in the position of almost a suppliant for peace. The efforts of the troops against the Indians were evaded by the exercise of the utmost caution and cunning. With the sagacity and thorough wood-craft of natives of the forest, while the white soldier was plodding his weary way dependent upon guides or the compass for a knowledge of his route, the Indian stopped behind some clump of bushes or peered forth from some leafy covert and saw his pursuers pass by, and then stole back to attack some point in the rear of the pursuing troops, which had been left unprotected. Ill success brought, naturally, criticism and wholesale censure. Those who knew least were wisest in such matters, and had always a plan which, if adopted, would infallibly succeed. Constant changes of plans, of officers, and of troops made matters worse. An uncertain policy, holding out the olive-branch at one time and fire and sword at another, alternately coaxing and threatening, gave to the Indians a feeling of distrust mingled with contempt. They thought they had been deceived by fair words and false professions, and they used the same means to further their own purposes.
General Armistead, who had succeeded General Taylor in command, asked to be relieved in May, 1841. He was succeeded by General William J. Worth, the eighth commander since the war opened. It was an excellent choice. He quickly proved himself the man to bring the war to an end.
No more unpromising field for distinction could have been found than Florida presented at the period when General Worth was assigned to the command. As the number of Indians had been reduced, their tactics had been changed. They no longer presented themselves, as at first, to contest the passage of troops in the open field. They now found that by subdividing into small squads they could distract the attention of the troops, and, by the smallness of their number, find ready concealment and elude pursuit. They had become accustomed to the mode of conducting military operations, and knew that with the approach of the summer heats they would remain unmolested. Far down in the Everglades there were islands never trodden by the foot of the white man, where they could place their families in security and plant their crops in peace. From these fastnesses they could sally forth on long expeditions for murder and rapine; acquainted with coverts to which they might readily fly in all parts of the country, able to support themselves upon the abundant game, they possessed an unlimited power of doing mischief, and were almost as unapproachable as the birds in the air. Where they had been, was easily ascertained by the bodies of the slain victims and the ashes of destroyed homes, but where they were, it was a matter of impossibility to more than conjecture, and when other means of support failed, or it was desirable to check a too active movement in the direction of their camps, they had the convenient resort of a friendly talk and peaceful overtures, accompanied with an abundant supply of whiskey and rations.
They had now, however, a man to deal with who was ready to profit by the experience of his predecessors, and who particularly saw the bad policy of going into summer quarters at the approach of the hot weather. He at once organized his troops for a continuous campaign. "Find the enemy, capture, or exterminate," were his orders to his subordinates. Major Childs had captured Coacoochee and several other chiefs and warriors and sent them off to Arkansas. Worth ordered their return, as he wanted to make use of them. Coacoochee, pleased at being returned to Florida, promised to bring in his whole band.
A simultaneous movement was ordered to take place in each district, for the purpose of breaking up any camps which the Indians might have formed, destroying their crops or stores wherever they might be found. Boat-detachments ascended the Withlacoochee, found several fields of growing crops, and destroyed them. Every swamp and hammock between the Atlantic and Gulf coasts was visited, and the band of Halleck Tustenuggee routed out of the Wahoo swamp. Many fields were found in the hammocks and islands of the Charl-Apopka country, with huts, palmetto sheds, and corn-cribs. Tiger Tail had a large field upon one of these islands, which was his reliance for the ensuing year, and from a tree in the hammock he witnessed its entire destruction by the troops.
These operations proved very harassing and destructive to the Indians. Yet they resolved not to surrender, and to put to death any messenger who should approach them. The detachments of troops continued to scour the country for twenty-five days, with the thermometer averaging 86 deg, and clearly demonstrated their ability to stand a summer campaign. During this time they destroyed thirty-five fields and one hundred and eighty huts or sheds.
General Worth now used his prisoners with good effect. Keeping Coacoochee in chains, he released five of his companions, and sent them out with the message that unless they returned in forty days, with their band, he would hang the chief and all the prisoners on the last day. This measure proved effective. One hundred and eighty-nine Indians came in, seventy-eight of them being warriors.
Coacoochee was by no means the great warrior his vanity led him to estimate himself. He was vain, bold, and cunning. General Worth had operated upon his weak point by treating him as a great chief. The general now proposed to make still further use of him by procuring his services in bringing in the other bands, which he thought might more easily and certainly be brought to surrender by negotiation than by hostile pursuit. Coacoochee having surrendered, he desired to increase his influence at the West by carrying with him a larger force, and readily consented to use his influence in inducing the rest to emigrate. At his instance, the active operations of the army were in some degree suspended.
The examination of the hiding-places of the Indians was thorough and complete. The troops marched through swamps, deep in mud and water; their boats penetrated every creek and landed upon every island. The Indians, apprised of their presence, fled towards the coast and were seldom seen; extensive fields were found and destroyed, and every hut and shelter burned. The Indians now saw that no hiding-place was secure, and that, with a vigilant and energetic commander like General Worth to deal with, they were to encounter war in a different form from that which they had previously experienced..
A year more of such operations ended it. All the Indians, with the exception of about three hundred and sixty men, women, and children, had been sent to Arkansas. These, under the chiefs Billy Bowlegs and Arpaika, were allowed to remain, within the district south of Pease Creek, no apprehension of further difficulties being felt.
The Florida War may be said to have commenced with the massacre of Major Dade's command, on the 28th of December, 1835, and closed, by official proclamation, on the 14th of August, 1842. It was generally said to have cost the United States forty millions of dollars.. Captain Sprague, in his valuable work, states the expenditure at nineteen millions.. The number of deaths among the regular troops during the war amounted to an aggregate of fourteen hundred and sixty-six, of whom the very large number of two hundred and fifteen were officers.
Return to The Great Republic by the Master Historians (Vol 3) | <urn:uuid:3b6cc430-8fe5-4d8b-8dde-d0f95fe1b72c> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_Vol_III/thesemino_cb.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398447860.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205407-00111-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988814 | 3,310 | 4.09375 | 4 |
In a British sample, the wrong-number technique was used to examine levels of helping behavior shown toward lesbians and gay men. A wrong-number telephone call, from either a man who self-identified as gay or heterosexual, or a woman who self-identified as either lesbian or heterosexual, was made to 232 men and women. The caller requested help by asking the respondent to relay a message to his or her partner by telephone. As predicted, lesbians and gay men were less likely to be given help than were their same-gender heterosexual counterparts. However, lesbians were given a similar amount of help as were heterosexual men. Male participants were less likely to give help to gay men than to lesbians, but female participants were no less likely to help lesbians than gay men. The results suggest that, although lesbians and gay men meet discrimination in everyday life, the level of discrimination may differ.
|Number of pages||10|
|Journal||Journal of Applied Social Psychology|
|Publication status||Published - Jun 2001| | <urn:uuid:0d25a37e-f8bd-4cc2-9c6c-16f609fcd1bf> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://researchportal.northumbria.ac.uk/en/publications/the-effect-of-self-identified-sexual-orientation-on-helping-behav | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991537.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20210513045934-20210513075934-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.965758 | 205 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Francis of Paola
|Saint Francis of Paola, O.M.|
Saint Francis of Paola, in an engraving by Marco Pitteri, after Federiko Benković
|Hermit of St. Francis|
March 27, 1416|
|Died||April 2, 1507
Plessis-lez-Tours, Touraine, Kingdom of France
|Venerated in||Roman Catholic Church|
|Canonized||1519 by Pope Leo X|
|Patronage||patron saint of Calabria; Amato; La Chorrera, Panama; boatmen, mariners, and naval officers|
Saint Francis of Paola, O.M. (or: Francesco di Paola or Saint Francis the Fire Handler; March 27, 1416 – April 2, 1507) was an Italian mendicant friar and the founder of the Roman Catholic Order of Minims. Unlike the majority of founders of men's religious orders, and like his patron saint, Francis was never ordained a priest.
Francis was born in the town of Paola, which lies in the southern Italian Province of Cosenza, Calabria. In his youth he was educated by the Franciscan friars in Paola. His parents were remarkable for the holiness of their lives: having remained childless for some years after their marriage, they had recourse to prayer and especially commended themselves to the intercession of St. Francis of Assisi, after whom they named their first-born son. Two other children were eventually born to them.
When still in the cradle, Francis suffered from a swelling which endangered the sight of one of his eyes. His parents again had recourse to Francis of Assisi and made a vow that their son should pass an entire year wearing the "little habit" of St Francis in one of the friaries of his Order, a not-uncommon practice in the Middle Ages. The child was immediately cured.
From his early years Francis showed signs of extraordinary sanctity, and at the age of 13, being admonished by a vision of a Franciscan friar, he entered a friary of the Franciscan Order to fulfill the vow made by his parents. Here he gave great edification by his love of prayer and mortification, his profound humility, and his prompt obedience. At the completion of the year he went with his parents on a pilgrimage to Assisi, Rome, and other places of devotion. Returning to Paola, he selected a secluded cave on his father's estate and there lived in solitude; but later on he found an even-more secluded cave on the sea coast. Here he remained alone for about six years, giving himself to prayer and mortification.
In 1435 two companions joined him in his retreat, and to accommodate them Francis caused three cells and a chapel to be built: in this way the new order was begun. By 1436, he and two followers began a movement that would become the foundation of the Hermits of Saint Francis of Assisi, which would later be renamed as the Minim friars. Their name refers to their role as the "least of all the faithful". Humility was to be the hallmark of the brothers as it had been in Francis's personal life. Abstinence from meat and other animal products became a “fourth vow” of his religious order, along with the traditional vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Francis instituted the continual, year-round observance of this diet in an effort to revive the tradition of fasting during Lent, which many Roman Catholics had ceased to practice by the 15th century. The rule of life adopted by Francis and his religious was one of extraordinary severity. He felt that heroic mortification was necessary as a means for spiritual growth. They were to seek to live unknown and hidden from the world.
The number of his disciples gradually increased, and about 1454, with the permission of Pyrrhus, Archbishop of Cosenza, Francis built a large monastery and church. The building of this monastery was the occasion of a great outburst of enthusiasm and devotion on the part of the people towards Francis: even the nobles carried stones and joined in the work. Their devotion was increased by the many miracles which the saint wrought in answer to their prayers.
In 1474 Pope Sixtus IV gave him permission to write a rule for his community, and to assume the title of Hermits of St. Francis: this rule was formally approved by Pope Alexander VI, who, however, changed their title into that of "Minims". After the approbation of the order, Francis founded several new monasteries in Calabria and Sicily. He also established monasteries of nuns, and a third order for people living in the world, after the example of St. Francis of Assisi.
He was no respecter of persons based solely on their worldly rank or position. He rebuked the King of Naples for his ill-doing and in consequence suffered persecution. When King Louis XI of France was in his last illness, he sent an embassy to Calabria to beg the saint to visit him. Francis refused to come until the pope ordered him to go. Embarking at Ostia, he landed in France, and cured many sick of the plague in Provence as he passed. He then went to the king at his residence, the Château de Plessis-lez-Tours (now within the village of La Riche), and was with him at his death. Charles VIII, Louis's successor, was an admirer of the saint and during his reign kept him near the court and frequently consulted him. This king built a monastery for the Minims there near the chateau at Plessis and another at Rome on the Pincian Hill. Francis also forcefully influenced many in the French church, particularly Jan Standonck, who founded the Collège de Montaigu along what he thought were Minimist lines. The regard in which Charles VIII held the saint was shared by Louis XII, who succeeded to the French throne in 1498.
Francis was now eager to return to Italy, but the king would not permit him, not wishing to lose his counsels and direction. Francis spent the last three months of his life in entire solitude, preparing for death. On Holy Thursday of 1507 he gathered his community around him and exhorted them especially to have mutual charity amongst themselves and to maintain the rigour of their life and in particular perpetual abstinence. The next day, Good Friday, he again called them together and gave them his last instructions and appointed a Vicar General. He then received the last rites and asked to have the Passion according to St. John read out to him, and whilst this was being read, he died on April 2, 1507, almost a week after his 91st birthday, in Plessis.
Veganism and compassion towards animals
The two major movements in this order were humility and non-violence. The word "Minim" refers to living as the smallest or least, or embracing radical humility and simplicity. The call to non-violence was expressed through veganism, or not doing harm to any creature.
He followed a vegan diet, not only free from animal flesh, but also from all animal-derived foods, such as eggs and dairy products. One of the vows of the order he founded was the abstinence from meat, fish, eggs, butter, cheese and milk.
Gift of Prophecy
The holy man was favored with an eminent spirit of prophecy. He foretold to several persons, in the years 1447, 1448, and 1449, the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, which happened on 29 May 1453, under the command of Mahomet II, when Constantine Palaeologus, the last Christian emperor, was slain, fighting tumultuously in the streets.
Theodoor van Thulden painted a mystic episode that was said to have occurred over a century earlier. Francis of Paola, a saint who was revered in France because he visited the country in 1482, appears at the bedside of Louise of Savoy to announce that she will give birth to the next king of France, the future Francis I. In 1515, King Louis XII died without a male heir and the throne went to Francis I, of the royal family's Valois-Angoulême branch. Louise of Savoy and her spouse, the Count of Angoulême, who is almost certainly the figure depicted to the left of the bed, decided to name the child Francis in honor of the saint.
According to a famous story, in the year 1464, he was refused passage by a boatman while trying to cross the Strait of Messina to Sicily. He reportedly laid his cloak on the water, tied one end to his staff as a sail, and sailed across the strait with his companions following in the boat. The second of Franz Liszt's "Legendes" (for solo piano) describes this story in music.
After his nephew died, the boy's mother--the saint's own sister--appealed to Francis for comfort, and filled his apartment with lamentations. After the Mass and divine office had been said for the repose of his soul, St. Francis ordered the corpse to be carried from the church into his cell, where he continued praying until, to her great astonishment, the boy's life was restored and Francis presented him to his mother in perfect health. The young man entered his order and is the celebrated Nicholas Alesso who afterwards followed his uncle into France, and was famous for sanctity and many great actions.
There are several stories about his compassion for animals, and how he gave back life to animals that were killed to be eaten. For example, a biographer writes: “Francis had a favorite trout that he called ‘Antonella.’ One day, one of the priests, who provided religious services, saw the trout swimming about in his pool. To him it was just a delicious dish, so he caught it and took it home, tossing it into the frying pan. Francis missed ‘Antonella’ and realized what had happened. He asked one of his followers to go to the priest to get it back. The priest, annoyed by this great concern for a mere fish, threw the cooked trout on the ground, shattering it into several pieces. The hermit sent by Francis gathered up the broken pieces in his hands and brought them back to Francis. Francis placed the pieces back in the pool and, looking up to Heaven and praying, said: ‘Antonella, in the name of Charity, return to life.’ The trout immediately became whole and swam joyously around his pool as if nothing had happened. The friars and the workers who witnessed this miracle were deeply impressed at the saint’s amazing powers.”
St. Francis also raised his pet lamb, Martinello, from the dead after it had been eaten by workmen. “Being in need of food, the workmen caught and slaughtered Francis’ pet lamb, Martinello, roasting it in their lime kiln. They were eating when the Saint approached them, looking for his lamb. They told him they had eaten it, having no other food. He asked what they had done with the fleece and the bones. They told him they had thrown them into the furnace. Francis walked over to the furnace, looked into the fire and called ‘Martinello, come out!’ The lamb jumped out, completely untouched, bleating happily on seeing his master.”
St. Francis Paola called the animals by their names even after their lives had ended. He apparently believed they continued to exist after their deaths.
Legacy and veneration
Pope Leo X canonized him in 1519. He is considered to be a patron saint of boatmen, mariners and naval officers. His liturgical feast day is celebrated by the universal Church on April 2, the day on which he died. In 1963, Pope John XXIII designated him as the patron saint of Calabria. Though his miracles were numerous, he was canonized for his humility and discernment in blending the contemplative life with the active one.
The Order of Minims does not seem at any time to have been very extensive, but they had houses in many countries. The definitive rule was approved in 1506 by Pope Julius II, who also approved a rule for the nuns of the Order. A Third Order of their movement was also approved. The most noted member of this Order was the illustrious French bishop, St. Francis de Sales.Although the Minim order lost many of its monasteries in the 18th century during the French Revolution, it continues to exist, primarily in Italy.
In 1562, a rampaging mob of Protestant Huguenots in France broke open his tomb and found the saint's body incorrupt. They dragged it forth, burned it and scattered the bones, which were recovered by Catholic faithful and distributed as relics to various churches of his order.
Devotion of the Thirteen Fridays
Pope Clement XII, in the brief "Coelestium Munerum Dispensatio" of 2 December 1738, promulgated an indulgence to all the faithful who, upon 13 Fridays continuously preceding the Feast of St. Francis of Paola (April 2), or at any other time of the year, shall, in honor of this Saint, visit a church of the Minims and pray there for the Church. In this brief, mention is made of a devotion which originated with St. Francis himself, who, on each of 13 Fridays, used to recite 13 Pater noster’s (Our Father's) and as many Ave Maria’s (Hail Mary's), and this devotion he promulgated by word of mouth and by letter to his own devout followers, as an efficacious means of obtaining from God the graces they desired, provided they were for the greater good of their souls.
- Hess, Lawrence. "St. Francis of Paula." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 24 Jan. 2013
- Foley O.F.M., Leonard, "St.Francis of Paola", Saint of the Day: Lives, Lessons, and Feasts (rev. Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media, ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
- "St. Francis of Paola", Catholic News Agency
- Farmer, David Hugh (1997). The Oxford dictionary of saints (4. ed. ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 194. ISBN 0-19-280058-2.
- Butler, Rev. Alban, "St. Francis Of Paola, Confessor, Founder Of The Order Of Minims", The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Vol. IV, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, 1864
- "Our Founders", The Hermits of St. Francis
- Dr. Holly Roberts, Vegetarian Christian Saints, Anjeli Press, 2004, p. 146.
- F. L. Cross (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford University Press, third edition, 1997, p. 1090.
- "Saint Francis of Paola Prophesying a the Birth of a Son to Louise of Savoy", Louvre
- "The Vision of Saint Francis of Paola", The J.Paul Getty Museum
- Burns and Oates, The Church and Kindness to Animals, 1906, pp. 123-127.
- "Francis of Paola, Miracle Worker" Friends of St. Francis of Paola
- Simi & Segreti, St. Francis of Paola, Rockford, IL: Tan Books, 1977, p. 26.
- "Saint Francis of Paola", Saint Stories for Kids, Loyola Press
- "Turn to the Lord with a pure heart", Letter of St. Francis de Paola, 1486
- "Devotion fo the Thirteen Fridays", The Raccolta
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis of Paola.|
- FrancescoDiPaola.info , Official website
- Catholic.org, Online entry for Francis of Paola
- Herbert Thurston, The Physical Phenomena of Mysticism, pp. 174–75
- Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica
- Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square | <urn:uuid:17af347a-ee75-461d-965e-d5ff427163ca> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_of_Paola | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207924799.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113204-00305-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979003 | 3,444 | 2.796875 | 3 |
|Bacteria: Fossil Record|
This description of the fossil record of bacteria focuses on one particular group of bacteria, the cyanobacteria or blue-green algae, which have left a fossil record that extends far back into the Precambrian. The oldest cyanobacteria-like fossils known are nearly 3.5 billion years old and are among the oldest fossils currently known. Cyanobacteria are larger than most bacteria and may secrete a thick cell wall. More importantly, cyanobacteria may form large layered structures, called stromatolites (if more or less dome-shaped) or oncolites (if round). The site also refers to pseudomorphs of pyrite and siderite, and a group of bacteria known as endolithic. Two links are available for more information. One provides information on the discovery of possible remains of bacteria-like organisms on a meteorite from Mars and the other has a research report on fossilized filamentous bacteria and other microbes, found in Cretaceous amber.
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DLESE Catalog ID: DLESE-000-000-005-220
Resource contact / Creator / Publisher: | <urn:uuid:494ba4f6-ca2f-412b-ba6f-d7b4a4bb8471> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.dlese.org/library/catalog_DLESE-000-000-005-220.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698540563.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170900-00135-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886833 | 334 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Where religion is involved, strong emotions will follow, and bible translations are no exception. Although the concept of translating the bible into languages other than Latin to make it accessible for everyone is no longer the main issue faced by bible translators, the nuances and specific vocabulary used by a translator can have a major impact on the mindset of religious communities. Many approaches have been used, and a large problem faced by translators is deciding whether a word for word translation is best, or whether comparable idioms in the target language should be used instead, particularly as Greek and Hebrew, the two original bible languages, include concepts and idioms that are not easily translated. These approaches are divided into Formal Equivalence (a literal translation), Dynamic Equivalence (focuses more on context and subtext), and Functional Equivalence (using comparable idioms to make the translation more accessible to a modern-day audience), and different translators choose different techniques with varied results.
The most recent translation of the English Standard Version Bible, for example, received criticism for parts of its revised translation, such as Genesis 3:16, which was changed from 'Your desire shall be for your husband and he shall rule over you' to 'Your desire shall be contrary to your husband, but he shall rule over you'. Some critics argued that the change was a "sad and potentially dangerous interpretation", giving males a ready-made excuse for domination, and proposing that women were the reason for marital conflict. Subconsciously, this could impact the way that its readers think about the role of women in marriage, showing just how important the translator's choice of wording can be. In today's society, it is clear that the way in which translators work with religious texts may have to change in order to fit in with current values and beliefs. Politically correct translations of the bible may be the way forward in this, seeking to make the text both understandable and inoffensive to a modern audience, such as the New International Version, which uses 'people' instead of the traditional 'men' to refer to a group, and refers to Mary as a 'young woman' rather than a 'virgin'. However, these translations are not wholly popular within the religious community, and translators must continue to tread the fine line between pleasing traditionalists and translating in a way that does not offend modern audiences.
Throughout history, the task of translating the bible has not been a light one, and even today it carries a lot of responsibility. It is, after all, the most read book in the world. | <urn:uuid:929d046e-5116-48ad-ae96-b6626ccdb493> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.wetranslateontime.com/en/blog/post/the-risky-business-of-bible-translation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710765.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130160457-20221130190457-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.951783 | 519 | 2.96875 | 3 |
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