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It is very difficult for most teens to resist peer pressure.
They want to be like their friends and belong to a peer group.
That is a teenager’s developmental task. However, sometimes they are pressured by friends to do things that place them at risk for bad outcomes.
While teens are prone to risky behaviors in general, parents can guide their choices by teaching them good problem solving and communication skills.
They usually will try to belong to a peer group and may be afraid of being rejected by the group.
They may not be as self-assured as most adults and so they may fear making people angry, as well.
Sometimes they are in a situation where friends are drinking or using drugs or doing other risky things.
They don’t want to join in, but they don’t know how to get out of the situation, either.
The Following are Some Tips to Help Teens Resist Peer Pressure:
- To help teens build skills in these areas to resist peer pressure, parents need to discuss the difficult teen issues with confidence, understanding and respect before they happen.
2. about alcohol, drugs, sex, fast cars, hazing, and dangerous pranks.
3. Discuss the pros and cons of each risky behavior that they may encounter in a realistic manner.
4. Tell them you understand that they are trying to figure out who they are by trying different behaviors and ways of being.
5. Talk to them about choices they will have to make and the consequences or outcomes of each.
6. Then help them role play how they might handle these very difficult situations and what the outcomes might be. This can build their skills and confidence and ability to make good choices and resist peer pressure.
Parents cannot be there for every choice their teenager makes, so they need to help them learn how to make good choices when parents are not around.
Help Teens Resist Peer Pressure by Letting Them Know:
- They have the right to say, “no”
- They can be assertive and firm without being angry
- They can use a strong voice, stand up tall, and look their peers in the eye.
- It is important to tell people how they feel
- It is always an option to walk away
- Adults have peer pressure, too. Give them examples that you have faced.
It is important to talk to young people about why some people do unhealthy things such as using substances.
Discuss the age limits of drinking alcoholic beverages and why these limits are important.
Talk about smoking as part of a general talk on being healthy. It’s good to have everyone in the family reinforce healthy behavior.
Parents can’t just tell their teen to resist peer pressure, they have to demonstrate it and talk about it.
Calmly talking about difficult topics should become routine within a family.
In that way, youth become comfortable sharing what is going on in their lives. Keep the line of communication open.
To help them resist peer pressure, teach your teens to argue effectively for a particular point of view.
Additionally, parents need to be calm and reasonable during family arguments.
Respect and listen to your teen’s point of view. Encourage teens to spend time with family and friends that do not get into trouble.
The teenage years are difficult for teens and parents. Parents are teachers and guides so their teens grow up to be healthy in every way possible.
Dr. Kathryn Seifert, Executive Director of Eastern Shore Psychological Services, has worked for over 30 years in the areas of mental health, criminal justice, and addictions and has provided treatment and assessment services to youth and adults in community settings.
She holds a Ph.D. and is a licensed psychologist in Maryland. Dr. Seifert has specialized in the assessment and treatment of youth and adults. She has lectured both nationally and internationally and provides training on the topics of “Assessing the Risk for Violence,” “Attachment Disorders,” and “Attachment Violence & Assessment.”
Her books and CD’s include: How Children Become Violent, Youth Violence, and Relax. Her blog can be found on the Psychology Today website . She has appeared on CNN and Discovery ID. | <urn:uuid:1732dd30-3dc2-4aac-8795-d1c467778519> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.howtolearn.com/2012/10/how-to-resist-peer-pressure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141674082.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201104718-20201201134718-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.967504 | 879 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Eat Peanuts Daily, Decrease Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
- Peanut flavoring – salted, spicy, honey-roasted, or unsalted – did not impact positive health benefits of peanuts, according to new study.
- Daily peanut consumption reduced blood pressure in all participants during the first two weeks, even in those with high blood pressure.
- Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased for daily peanut-eaters who had high levels at the start.
Daily Peanut Consumption Decreases Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Regardless of Flavoring, According to New Study
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that even different flavors of peanuts result in positive health benefits.
“Regardless of flavoring, peanut consumption offered significant benefits to participants with elevated serum lipids and blood pressure,” says Dr. Richard Mattes, Professor of Nutrition Science at Purdue University.
Their study, “A Randomized Trial on the Effects of Flavorings on the Health Benefits of Daily Peanut Consumption,” aimed to determine whether peanut flavorings affected health benefits. Results showed that all varieties of peanuts significantly decreased mean diastolic blood pressure in all participants. For participants with high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased after daily peanut intake.
Peanuts continue to be the most popular nut, and for good reason. Not only because they are the most affordable, but also because they contain complex nutrients that are good for your health and for preventing disease.
Ounce for ounce, peanuts are the most nutrient-dense nut and contain more protein and arginine than any other nut. They consist of eight essential nutrients, are an excellent source of niacin and manganese, and are a good source of fiber, vitamin E, magnesium, folate, copper and phosphorus. Peanuts also have potassium, phytosterols, resveratrol and healthy fats, all of which may benefit health and help prevent chronic disease.
About the Study
The study, conducted at Purdue University, Indiana, included a total of 151 men and women who were of normal weight, had no diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension, and had no history of gastrointestinal disease.
Participants incorporated peanuts into their daily diet for 12 weeks. They were randomly assigned to eat three 0.5-ounce portions of three peanut flavors or just 1.5 ounces of one flavor, and they were eaten as a snack or as part of a meal. Researchers took blood samples every four weeks and other health measurements every two weeks.
Results showed a significant decrease in mean diastolic blood pressure in all participants. For those who had high blood pressure, the changes were greatest over the first two weeks, and were sustained throughout the study. Interestingly, the findings were similar for salted and unsalted peanuts. While all participants decreased their blood pressure, slightly greater decreases were observed among the salted or unsalted peanut-eaters compared to the spicy or honey-roasted peanut-eaters.
The paper explains that these results may be due to the arginine found in peanuts, “which promotes the production of nitric oxide – a vasodilator that potentially leads to a decrease in blood pressure.” USDA data show that peanuts contain more arginine than any other whole food, and in fact, more than any other nut.
Additional findings include reduced total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in participants who had high levels at the beginning of the study. These results have also been shown in previous studies.1,2
This study was supported by a grant from the US Agency for International Development Peanut Collaborative Research Support Program Prime Award.
- Kris-Etherton PM, Pearson TA, Wan Y, et al. High-monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(6):1009–1015.
- Lokko P, Lartey A, Armar-Klemesu M, Mattes RD. Regular peanut consumption improves plasma lipid levels in healthy Ghanaians. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007;58(3):190–200. doi:10.1080/09637480701198067. | <urn:uuid:9887fefb-c36c-4263-b47f-f70a59422403> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://peanut-institute.com/eat-peanuts-daily-decrease-blood-pressure-and-cholesterol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647545.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320205242-20180320225242-00195.warc.gz | en | 0.935475 | 873 | 2.8125 | 3 |
History of the Pikes Peak Cog Railway
What is a "Cog" Railway?
Conventional railroads use the friction of wheels upon the rails, called "adhesion", to provide locomotive power. A cog, or rack, railroad uses a gear, "cog wheel", meshing into a special rack rail (mounted in the middle between the outer rails) to climb much steeper grades than those possible with a standard adhesion railroad. An adhesion railroad can only climb grades of 4 to 6%, with very short sections of up to 9%. A "rack" railroad can climb grades of up to 48%, depending upon the type of rack system employed. Some Swiss trains use a combination of "rack" and "adhesion". This enables the trains to reach much higher speeds on the adhesion sections (rack railroads can not go much faster than 25 miles per hour or they run the risk of dislodgement from the rack rail- M & PP Ry.'s top speed is about 9 MPH).
The first cog (or "rack") railway was built in New Hampshire in 1869,
but the Swiss were quick to make use of this technology, and numerous rack railways were built there. Indeed, Switzerland is still the country where most rack railways are located. The Manitou and Pikes Peak Railway is, however, the highest rack railway in the world as well as the highest railway in North America and the Northern Hemisphere. The M&PP Ry. has a perfect safety record!
The Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway uses the Abt rack system. The maximum grades are 25%, which is about the upper limit for the Abt system. Many rack railroads use the Riggenbach system, also called "ladder rack". The steepest cog railway in the world is the Mt. Pilatus Railway in Lucerne, Switzerland. It uses the Locher rack system to climb grades of 48% !
(P.S. Thanks to Mr. Frick, former Pres. and General Manager of the M & PP Ry. for pointing out the correct grade of the Pilatusbahn and proofing the technical and historical sections of this site.)
Photo courtesy Tom Jamison & Family
HISTORY OF THE PIKES PEAK COG RAILWAY
One of the tourists who visited the Pikes Peak region in the late-1880's was Zalmon Simmons, inventor and founder of the Simmons Beautyrest Mattress Company. Mr. Simmons rode to the summit of Pike's Peak on a mule, partly to enjoy the view and partly to check upon one of his inventions: an insulator for the telegraph wires which ran to the Army Signal Station on the summit. The arduous, two day trip on a mule was the only way to reach the top in those days. Mr. Simmons was awed by the scenery but determined that the views should be experienced in a more civilized and comfortable manner. He was relaxing in one of Manitou Springs' mineral baths after his return, when the owner of his Hotel mentioned the idea of a railway to the top. Mr. Simmons agreed with the concept and set about providing the capital needed to fund such a venture.
In 1889, the Manitou & Pike's Peak Railway Company was founded and track construction began in earnest. Top wages were 25 cents per hour. Six workers died in blasting and construction accidents. The Age of Steam predominated the late 1800’s, and from Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, three engines were delivered in 1890. Limited service was initiated in that year to the Halfway House Hotel . These locomotives were eventually converted to operate upon the Vauclain Compound principle, and a total of six were in service during the "steam" era. The original three were named "Pike’s Peak," "Manitou" and "John Hulbert," but they soon were assigned numbers. Of the original six, only #4 is still in operation and along with a restored coach makes infrequent trips short distances up the track.
The spring of 1891 was a snowy one, and the opening of the line was delayed until late June. On the afternoon of June 30th, 1891, the first passenger train, carrying a church choir from Denver, made it to the summit. A scheduled group of dignitaries had been turned back earlier by a rock slide around 12,000 feet. The railway was now operating.
A new era began in the late 1930’s with the introduction of gasoline and diesel powered locomotives. Spencer Penrose, owner of The Broadmoor Hotel, had acquired the Railway in 1925 and efforts were begun to build a compact, self-contained railcar, which could carry fewer passengers during the slow parts of the season. These efforts culminated in No. 7; a gas-powered, 23-passenger unit, which made its first run on June 16, 1938. It is believed that No. 7 is the first rack railcar ever built in the world.
The experiment was a huge success, and within a year of No. 7’s introduction, No. 8, the world’s first diesel-electric cog locomotive, was delivered from the General Electric Company. Coupled with "Streamliner" coaches, No.s 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 formed the backbone of the Railway’s fleet in the period from 1940 through 1965. The coaches could carry 56 passengers in comfort and style, and the diesel locomotives eliminated the time-consuming water stops as well as the back-breaking job of shoveling coal. | <urn:uuid:89619a14-8b59-44fa-87fd-187eb230119a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.coloradoscenicrails.com/trains/pikespeak/history.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00553-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976782 | 1,155 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The union evolved over time, first espousing the views of Ely Moore, who was a Tammany politician who made moderate criticisms against aristocrats who were greedy and corrupt. By 1835, the GTU had progressed to the beliefs of John Commerford, who made pointed attacks on “Capital”, which he defined as including not only aristocrats, but also Master Artisans. By this time, the union’s membership consisted of Craft journeymen, and sympathetic small Master Artisans were excluded because of their status.
Acceptance of female members was spotty, with many Male members hoping that their efforts against Female exploitation would result in their being returned to their previous domestic status.
The Union was affiliated with the Locofoco Democrats, who were against the Second Bank of the United States, but refrained from political activity so as to avoid the kind of demise suffered by the Working Man’s Party in 1829-30. | <urn:uuid:6771c6b5-c3cc-481d-910b-24b386aa497f> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.reference.com/browse/trades+union | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999653416/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060733-00051-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992212 | 193 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Healthcare worker in Texas with Ebola says “I followed all CDC precautions”, but we do not know their personal hand hygiene habits around facial mucous membrane contamination.
Time to Re-Train adults about the T Zone!
Time to protect people, including healthcare workers (HCWs), from their personal hand hygiene “bad habits”. Start NOW to re-train your fellow workers to “Do Not Touch the T Zone” (facial mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth) which is the ONLY portal of entry into human body for all respiratory infections. You know that improved accountability to help them reduce their risk.
We offer HealthShields (through Henry the Hand Foundation, a nonprofit) in large quantities to help Re-Train staff and students to make us more “Hand Aware”!
With International Infection Prevention Week Oct 19-25 is a grand opportunity to “Talk to the Hand” to elevate the normative conversation across your facility to make your hospital both “staff and patient safe” regardless of the infectious disease in your facility. And in turn will help protect our family and community. Makes too much sense?
Enough is enough, and it is time for the CDC and Prevention to directly state to the public “Do not touch your facial mucous membranes (T Zone)” as it is the only portal of entry into human body for all respiratory infections and how a healthcare worker can contract Ebola, unless a needle stick.
Infection Prevention is EVERYONE’S business!!
Thank you for helping to “Spread the Word not the Germs”! | <urn:uuid:b85d07a3-6394-4a8f-bafe-8862251f7081> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://sharonvillefamilymedicine.com/t-zone-teaching-moment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257651820.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20180325044627-20180325064627-00757.warc.gz | en | 0.928976 | 336 | 2.640625 | 3 |
"M. Giorgio de Chirico has just bought a red rubber glove"—so wrote the French poet Guillaume Apollinaire in July of 1914, noting the purchase because, he went on to say, he knew the glove's appearance in de Chirico's paintings would add to their uncanny power. Implying human presence, as a mold of the hand, yet also inhuman, a clammily limp fragment distinctly unfleshlike in color, the glove in The Song of Love has an unsettling authority. Why, too, is this surgical garment pinned to a board or canvas, alongside a plaster head copied from a classical statue, relic of a noble vanished age? What is the meaning of the green ball? And what is the whole ensemble doing in the outdoor setting insinuated by the building and the passing train?
Unlikely meetings among dissimilar objects were to become a strong theme in modern art (they soon became an explicit goal of the Surrealists), but de Chirico sought more than surprise: in works like this one, for which Apollinaire used the term "metaphysical," he wanted to evoke an enduring level of reality hidden beyond outward appearances. Perhaps this is why he gives us a geometric form (the spherical ball), a schematic building rather than a specific one, and inert and partial images of the human body rather than a living, mortal being.
from The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, revised 2004, originally published 1999 | <urn:uuid:2cf492b8-4619-4dc6-a376-dedbb92fe1ad> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.moma.org/collection/works/80419 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982295103.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195815-00131-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960686 | 312 | 2.796875 | 3 |
There have been quite a number of television programs, movies, and tabloid articles wondering is Bigfoot real. It is truly tough to accurately answer this question at the moment. What can be said is that there have been hundreds of sightings of a proposed Bigfoot or Sasquatch in every single continent on earth with the exception of Antarctica. It makes you wonder whether or not there is such a thing as Bigfoot, and if so, why is the ape-like creature so elusive? Not only do you have to wonder why has it been so elusive but in fact how it has been able to remain unscathed from humans all this time if Bigfoot’s are truly in fact real. Depending who you ask Bigfoot is either a supernatural being or a flesh and blood animal relic.
Bigfoot also known as the hairy man has been spotted all over the globe, and there have been tales of a supposed Bigfoot for hundreds of years. While the name “bigfoot” is fairly recent (1958), the tales of the giant hairy creature have been the stuff of legends for centuries. Many of the early bigfoot stories were told to entertain children, but with almost every single population in the world having some sort of bigfoot tale, it makes one wonder whether or not there is an entire race of wild men which we are not completely aware of.
The majority of Bigfoot sightings in the United States have happened in the Pacific Northwest. Washington State has had more Bigfoot sightings in their Mount Saint Helens area than any other region of the United States. Still, there have been numerous sightings all across the United States, mostly contained to wooded, rocky areas of the country where there is less likelihood for human habitation and intervention.
While many scientists don’t put much stock in the idea of a Bigfoot, others are not quite as skeptical of the existence of such a large primate. While the climates of the Pacific Northwest are not conducive to many primates’ habitat needs, who is to say whether or not there is a species of primate which has adapted to the conditions throughout not only the Pacific Northwest, but also the rest of the world?
There has been considerable evidence of Bigfoot throughout history. There have been numerous photographs taken of a large, hairy primate. These sightings and photographs put Bigfoot anywhere from 6-10 feet tall. Large footprints have also been found in areas where there have been Bigfoot sightings. The most notable Sasquatch tracks were discovered by construction worker Gerald Crew in California in 1958. When he discussed the tracks with others, they were uninterested, so Crew took plaster casts of the footprints and sent them to a friend to be analyzed. Pictures of Crew holding the casts then hit the local paper, and locals started calling the unknown creature Bigfoot. Since then, Bigfoot is a commonly accepted name for this mysterious species of ape.
When it comes to the question, “do bigfoots exist”? It is difficult to give a definitive answer. Even though absolutely no remains have ever been discovered of such a massive primate according to mainstream scientists, it does not necessarily mean they don’t exist. Researcher Jane Goodall was infamously unconvinced that there was no such thing as Bigfoot, making more people wonder about the probability of a giant, apelike beast roaming the earth’s woodlands. What we can say presently is that there have been photos, video clips, footprints of supposedly “real” Bigfoots, but scientists typically shrug off the photographic and video evidence, proclaiming an outright hoax or misidentification of another animal species such as a black bear. Nevertheless, with hundreds of sightings of Bigfoots throughout the world each year, it is difficult to entirely write off the notion that such a monster can really exist. | <urn:uuid:90ba5a28-b92e-4f23-a927-c3d142ce10ff> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | http://www.paranormalsupernaturallogic.com/tag/jane-goodall/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056348.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918062845-20210918092845-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.970677 | 764 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Party Images belong to the political concerns to recognize them by the identical image. Party belonging to the political issues the leaders are nowadays recognized by the images, hence images are the core factors of the partys.
High-impact journals are those considered to be highly influential in their respective fields. The impact factor of journal provides quantitative assessment tool for grading, evaluating, sorting and comparing journals of similar kind. It reflects the average number of citations to recent articles published in science and social science journals in a particular year or period, and is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field. It is first devised by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information. The impact factor of a journal is evaluated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years.
Last date updated on March, 2021 | <urn:uuid:9f94226d-ad9e-4fc2-b5a3-16361aa49e28> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.omicsonline.org/high-impact-factor-party-images-journals.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178376206.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20210307074942-20210307104942-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.930462 | 177 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Telling Time Partner Practice allows students to practice the skill of time in an engaging way that encourages partner collaboration. This product includes 12 partner practice cards with 2 problems on each side for a total of 24 questions.
The questions include:
-Identifying time to the minute
-Identifying time to the quarter hour
-Identifying time to the half hour
-Showing time on a clock
A recording page and answer key is also provided! | <urn:uuid:b769cd39-ab23-4366-8b48-bef124b4f83b> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Telling-Time-Partner-Practice-CCSS-3MDA1-1724526 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513548.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20181021010654-20181021032154-00357.warc.gz | en | 0.913432 | 92 | 2.578125 | 3 |
It’s week 7 of the semester. Time to wrap up the old writing assignments and get ready for an exam.
- return quiz and review answers
- finish returning old writing assignments
- review study notes for the mid term exam
- check test schedule
In the first hour this week, let’s do 2 things.
1 Make the exam schedule (5)
I suggest Tuesday April 23 (regular class time and classroom).
Sooner the better, right?
2 Review Articles (35)
We have not spent any time talking about this small but important writing problem: how to use articles properly. I want to spend some time on this before the exam. Let’s try the practice questions and work out the rules.
Click here to review 7 rules for articles and 2 sets of practice questions.
This worksheet had more practice questions with articles.
The midterm exam will be 50 minutes. It is worth 25% of your final grade. The midterm exam is going to have 3 parts.
I estimate the time requirements as follows:
- Part 1: 20 minutes
- Part 2: 10 minutes
- Part 3: 10 minutes
- Total: 40 minutes
Some people will be a little faster and some a little slower.
Part 1. Rewrite one story. That will be either #1 Place (do, see, eat) or #2 Creative story (show me, don’t tell me). (20 minutes)
Why rewrite an old story on the text? Show me your best long writing.
It will be graded as follows:
- 1-3 pages (max) in length
- demonstrates ability to put 6+1 writing traits in a story
- no major grammar or spelling errors
- no major missing details (all main questions should be discussed in the text like who, what, where, when, why and how)
- it should have a strong first sentence, good flow and a good ending
- it’s interesting
- it should use the writing elements we studied in class (e.g. complex sentences, complex sentences with one subject, sentences with prepositional phrases).
- proper presentation and organisation (paragraphs and margins)
Part 2 Edit Skill: Fix Wordy Sentences (10)
You are going to read some sentences which have good grammar but bad style. What’s wrong with these sentences? They have too many words.
Remember: good writing means you say your idea in the fewest number of words possible.
Click here and we will do these practice editing exercises in class.
Part 3: One Hundred Words (10)
This question tests your ability to write one complete idea – or story – in one paragraph. In order to answer this question well, you might need to spend a little time thinking about it.
Your story should have:
- one idea
- a subject that you choose
- interesting sentences
- sentence variety
- 100 words
- no errors
Click here to read one example of a 100 word story. | <urn:uuid:0f4b98fb-bd21-4d77-b742-7fc45fd0a76b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.eslwriting.org/esl-writing-freshmen-2018-week-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510284.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927071345-20230927101345-00346.warc.gz | en | 0.90132 | 647 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Genome sequencing is figuring out the order of DNA nucleotides, or bases, in a genome—the order of As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that make up an organism’s DNA. The human genome is made up of over 3 billion of these genetic letters.
Today, DNA sequencing on a large scale—the scale necessary for ambitious projects such as sequencing an entire genome—is mostly done by high-tech machines. Much as your eye scans a sequence of letters to read a sentence, these machines “read” a sequence of DNA bases.
A DNA sequence that has been translated from life’s chemical alphabet into our alphabet of written letters might look like this:
Application of genome sequencing:
- Identification of diseases. Whole-genome sequencing is the natural next step: it can survey exonic regions that are poorly captured, and be used to detect structural variants.
- One of the great promises of genomic research is personalized medicine: tailoring disease treatments to an individual’s genetic makeup.
- Fatal disease like cancer can be cured if more research is done on genetic make up.
- Identification of family disease pedigrees.
- well-phenotyped cohorts have always been in high demand for genetic studies. | <urn:uuid:a99f8956-f65d-495a-b8bd-f1791de50441> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://westbengal.pscnotes.com/science-dmpq/dmpq-what-do-you-mean-by-genome-sequencing-what-are-its-application/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335304.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929034214-20220929064214-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.919063 | 260 | 4.21875 | 4 |
How To Prevent Catching A Cold
If your immunity fails to fulfill its function you can easily catch any virus, especial the one of a common cold. And while it seems almost inevitable to fall ill in such a situation there are still a few things you can do to prevent that. We have collected a few simple tips here which have proved its effectiveness on many people.
Before we start with the tips to prevent catching a cold we find it reasonable to mention that a common cold is a highly contagious disease you can get during any season when you inhale the virus (actually around 100 of virus which cause a cold), rub it into your eyes, mouth or nostrils after touching surfaces a sick person touched before you. So, when you feel your organism gives you signs something is wrong make sure you take all possible measures not to make other people infected.
Tips which can help you to prevent getting a common cold
1. Wash your hands. This is a rule you can never break. It is always effective and takes you little time to do. If you can’t wash your hands in a certain situation use wet wipes and try to avoid touching your face.
2. Sleep more. Insufficient sleep is a problem of our generation. We think that if we spend fewer hours for sleeping nothing will happen, because we are strong and eat healthily. This is not actually true. A study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine has revealed that those people who sleep fewer than seven hours a night are about three times as likely to become ill compared to those who sleep for eight hours or more. Besides, to keep your body in good condition you have to sleep all hours without waking up.
3. Avoid stresses. I know you are saying now that we get stressed all the time and everywhere. You are right. But still we believe you can control it, at least to some extent. According to the research mentioned above people who suffer from ongoing stress are more likely to get a cold than people who aren’t. The longer the stress affects you the more susceptible to viruses you become. To reveal stress try yoga, meditation or any other techniques your body responds to.
4. Spend more time with other people. The study has revealed that people who have a lot of friends and large families tend to get colds more seldom than those who prefer loneliness. Besides they tend to live longer and happier.
5. Exercise. Regular exercise doesn’t only help you stay fit it also boosts the immune system. In addition to this, there is some evidence that exercise can help people who suffer from a cold recover faster.
6. Take vitamin C. While there are arguments on whether Vitamin C is good or bad for your health, majority of experts tend to believe that taking vitamin C in small doses in addition to drinking enough liquids will be a helpful preventive measure. But the principle ‘the more the better’ can’t be related to Vitamin C. If a person takes too much of it and is dehydrated, vitamin C can crystallize in his kidneys and bladder causing the formation of stones in them.
Stay healthy and enjoy your life!
- stressée pin up
Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:8ab50c2f-21c2-4010-8ca3-b10c7d16944f> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.ourvanity.com/health/how-to-prevent-catching-a-cold-simple-but-effective-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010484313/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305090804-00017-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959184 | 652 | 2.875 | 3 |
Sudan, the world’s last male northern white rhinoceros, died on March 19. He lived in Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy. Rangers put the rhino down after an infection left him unable to stand.
Thousands of northern white rhinos once roamed Africa. Yet they were hunted nearly to extinction. That’s because their horns are used in Asian medicine and crafts.
With Sudan’s death, only two northern whites remain: his daughter and granddaughter. But conservationists are hopeful for the future of the species. They have been developing a new reproductive technique. It uses genetic material from dead northern white rhinos.
During his life, Sudan highlighted the need for conservation. At his funeral, rangers honored him with his favorite food—carrots, according to National Geographic.
“Fare thee well, Sudan,” the conservancy posted on its Facebook page.
Bringing species back from extinction may seem more like science fiction than reality. But scientists are close to being able to bring animals back from the dead. The first major breakthrough in de-extinction came just over 15 years ago. A… | <urn:uuid:a6066205-e155-4ba3-8a18-647a08580028> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/saying-goodbye-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056572.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918184640-20210918214640-00686.warc.gz | en | 0.960505 | 241 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Learning to Read
EUR€32.68New Kobo Germany
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Learning to Read brings together different disciplinary perspectives and studies on reading for all those who seek to extend and enrich the current practice, research and policy debates. The breadth of knowledge that underpins pedagogy is a central theme and the book will help educators, policy-makers and researchers understand the full range of research perspectives that must inform decisions about the development of reading in schools. The book offers invaluable insights into learners who do not achieve their full potential. The chapters have been written by key figures in education, psychology, sociology and neuroscience, and promote discussion of: comprehension gender and literacy attainment phonics and decoding digital literacy at home and school bilingual learners and reading dyslexia and special educational needs evidence based literacy visual texts. This book encompasses a comprehensive range of conceptual perspectives on reading pedagogy and offers a wealth of new insights to support innovative research directions. | <urn:uuid:31beaf5a-e03f-4e81-854a-f9ec6c640bce> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.buyezee.de/product/cmtfMTAxNTQ5NzgxMTM1MTUwNjg2SW50ZXJkaXNjaXBsaW5hcnkgUGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzIG9uIExlYXJuaW5nIHRvIFJlYWQ/catalog/interdisciplinary-perspectives-on-learning-to-read | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00193-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.831908 | 196 | 2.71875 | 3 |
... Then, last summer, I saw some honest-to-goodness red poppies growing in the fields of northern Europe--in Flanders, as it happened. 1,000,000 soldiers from 50 different countries were wounded, missing or killed in action at Flanders Fields from 1914 to 1918. Newsreel, photographs and commentary introduce the Canadian Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, who wrote the famous poem 'In Flanders Fields'. The death of one of his friends in May 1915, buried in the cemetery outside his dressing station, affected him severely and he wrote his poem as a way of expressing his anguish at the loss. Flanders fields stretches out under the sun as seen from … Interestingly, P. rhoeas is an annual plant (hardy to USDA Zone 8) considered to be an agricultural weed throughout much of Europe, northern Africa and temperate Asia. The biggest event at the front in Flanders was the Third Battle of Ypres, known by the name of its final phase, the Battle of Passchendaele. In Flanders fields. And it all clicked. The poem was written by a Canadian Medical Corps doctor, Major John McCrae, who was serving with a Field Artillery Brigade in Ypres. It was seen as representing the souls of those who died between 1914 and 1918, transformed into a million blood-red flowers. From The Great War Seen from the Air in Flanders Fields, 1914-1918 (Brussels: Mercatorfonds in cooperation with In Flanders Fields Museum, Ypres, Imperial War Museums, United Kingdom, and The Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History, 2013).. One hundred years ago, the world was ensnared in the largest war mankind had ever … In Flanders fields. The imagery used in this poem creates an exceptionally clear picture in the mind’s eye of what actually happened ‘In Flanders fields’. The poppy became the symbol of the war dead. With a death toll of at least 150,000 between 7 June and 17 November 1917 (perhaps as many as 175,000 – the counting continues), it is the largest massacre ever to have taken place on Belgian soil. In Flanders fields. The city of Ypres, Belgium, in 1917. Writers know that words hold power. The saying goes, the pen is mightier than the sword, and while McCrea’s pen could not win the war, it did cement the fields of Flanders, and what happened there, into the very fabric of what it is to be a Canadian. From 1914 to 1918 Flanders Fields was a major battleground in the First World War. In Flanders Fields was published on 8 th December 1915 in Punch and became an immediate sensation in the trenches and around the English-speaking world. Speaking as from the dead to the living, “In Flanders Fields” was to become the most famous poem of the Great War—perhaps of any war. Some of the most brutal fighting of World War I happened in the fields of Flanders, and a few surprising secrets were left behind. As did my new appreciation for Flanders--bitter, bloody battleground of Europe so long ago.
I Sent You A Mail Meaning In Tamil, Illinois State Board Of Education, I Have A Dream Chords, Nickerson State Park Site Map, Run Baby Run Don't Ever Look Back, Snowflake Snowflake, Turn Around, North Paravur Ward 8, | <urn:uuid:537534e7-dcdb-4bbf-8fe7-3864673e90f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.choicemeatmall.com/g85vphc/7e29ba-what-happened-in-flanders-fields | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662588661.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525151311-20220525181311-00218.warc.gz | en | 0.971643 | 707 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Rosie the hen leaves the chicken coop and sets out for a little walk. Right behind her is the fox, slyly trying to catch up with her. Rosie’s walk is quiet, uneventful and eventually leads her back to the coop, blissfully unaware of the fox’s travails as he tries — unsuccessfully — to navigate the obstacle course that Rosie has led him through.Do the Rosie’s Walk activities (included) This is a great book to help teach prepositions. You can act out kinesthetically to show when you are in, out, on, below, etc… Play Simon Says at their desks… Simon says go under… next to… in front of… etc.
This is the diary . of a worm. This worm lives with his parents, plays with his friends, and even goes to school. But unlike you or me, he never has to take a bath, he gets to eat his homework, and because he doesn’t have legs, he just can’t do the hokey pokey – no matter how hard he tries. You can teach the children what a diary is and then you can either have the students write a diary for themselves for a few days, or, create a diary of a worm for a few days (Diary of a Worm activities included)
I went walking. What did you see? I saw a black cat looking at me. These catchy stanzas frolic through the Australian author Sue Williams’s simple, funny read-aloud picture book that tracks a crazy-haired boy’s stroll through the countryside. The boy sees a black cat, then a brown horse, then a red cow, and so on, and before he knows it, he’s being trailed by the entire menagerie! The Australian illustrator Julie Vivas brings the parade to life in lovely, lively watercolors—when the pink pig looks at the boy, for example, the boy sprays off his muddy body with a hose. This is a cute book, very similar to “Brown Bear, Brown Bear”… you cave even sing it to “Are you sleeping, Are you sleeping, Brother John”. Do the I went Walking Activities (included)
Uh-oh. Mrs. Wishy-Washy is at it again. Rubbing and scrubbing all the animals on the farm. But this time they aren’t standing for it. Duck, Cow, and Pig are leaving mean old Mrs. Wishy-Washy for good! They run away to the big city. But they get lost, wander into a restaurant, and even stumble into a hardware store and get covered in paint! Where is Mrs. Wishy-Washy when they need her? Maybe her farm isn’t so bad after all . . .
Wombat asks Weasel and Woodchuck if they want to wander the world with her, but they are overwhelmed with worries. What if they walk into a swarm of waiting wasps? What if the weather worsens? What if they’re walloped by warthogs? What then…? | <urn:uuid:3c45e520-b4c7-46e4-b383-b3913e151d80> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://reading-patch.com/letter-w-book-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540545146.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20191212181310-20191212205310-00165.warc.gz | en | 0.963129 | 661 | 2.90625 | 3 |
A procedure in which a small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein, and a scanner is used to make detailed, computerized pictures of areas inside the body where the glucose is taken up. Because cancer cells often take up more glucose than normal cells, the pictures can be used to find cancer cells in the body. Also called positron emission tomography scan.
Last updated: 2017-04-05
Source: The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms (http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary) | <urn:uuid:e2887cdc-1c11-4419-b141-e18cb78ecc5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.vicc.org/cancers/disease-info.php?xml=xml-files/glossaryterm/CDR0000046140.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948531226.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213221219-20171214001219-00608.warc.gz | en | 0.887387 | 111 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The whale pump – is it really increasing ocean health?
For many years now, questions have arose concerning the role in which marine mammal faeces contributes to surface productivity of a stratified ocean, this article hopes to contribute to the existing knowledge of marine mammals possibly playing a much bigger role within nutrient cycling than once thought.
A body of water can become stratified when various factors (i.e. Salinity, temperature, pressure, etc) becomes too dense and, in turn, any mixing of water comes to a standstill. The presence of this ‘barrier’ being formed means that production is likely going to be effected because of the limited availability of nutrients reaching the euphotic zone.
The amount of nutrients that are no longer present can cause declines in phytoplankton abundance because in order to survive, access to four nutrients is required. These nutrients are: Phosphorous, Nitrogen, Carbon and Iron, and when the nutrients are unable to reach the surface then this can start to be detrimental to their survival.
Nutrient cycling is normally caused by a physical process such as upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone for the phytoplankton to utilise. But, during periods of stratification, where the mixing is unable to occur then nutrient cycling is still present, but in a much different way. A biological process that is termed ‘the whale pump’ (Figure 1).
The whale pump
Originally, it was thought that only fish and copepods, whilst displaying diurnal migrations, were responsible for nutrient cycling, carrying nitrogen back up to the surface. However, within the last 7 years, evidence has came to light showing that this is not true. Marine mammals such as Cetaeceans and Pinnipeds have been found to be a much larger cause of iron and nitrogen recycling, that is seen in the euphotic zone.
So much so that with all of the whales and seals from the Gulf of Maine combined, could be held accountable for the 2.3×104 metric tonnes of nitrogen being pumped into the euphotic zone of the gulf each year. As stated earlier, copepods and small fish all excrete faecal matter that sinks, thus meaning they contribute to the transport of nutrients further down into the water column, creating a downward biological pump. It is this knowledge of a downward pump that led to assumptions of marine mammals also producing faeces that is lost to the benthos too. However, this expectation neglects the fact that whales and seals have to resurface as they are air-breathing organisms, and so must contribute in a different way (Figure 1).
Marine mammals will often dive to various depths in order to find food resources, and as they rise to surface it is likely that they carry nutrients via excreting faeces into the water column, allieviating the amount of nutrients available. It is found that marine mammals faeces does not sink, and instead it is released into the surrounding waters as liquid plumes, containing large amounts of nutrients that float and likely used up by the phytoplankton. These faecal plumes that disperse in the top layers of the water column, reverse the previous expectation of a downward biological pump that was once thought (Figure 2).
Aside from the plumes of faeces being excreted, another body of evidence further supports marine mammals boosting marine productivity. Whilst these organisms exhibit diving behaviour, they have a reduced metabolic rate at depth, and so excretion of any faecal matter is likely to occur at the surface when respiring and metabolic rates return to normal.
Figure 2: A sperm whale releasing a plume of liquid faecal matter that disperses across the euphotic zone rather than sinking to the benthos. The plumes are nutrient-rich and are an excellent source of nutrient cycling.
Do we really need whales then?
Most definitely. Pershing, et al., (2010) explored the idea that if whales went extinct, would we see any drastic changes to marine production? The answer is yes. The study found that there was a correlation between the whaling industry and the amount of carbon export in the years that they started to decline. For example, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) numbers declined from a population of 340,280 to 4,727 and 762,400 down to 109,600 for the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). The amount of carbon export per year for both species was close to hitting 100,000 tonnes per year pre-whaling, but since their numbers declined, the study showed a decline to below 10,000 tonnes of carbon export.
It is true that the whaling industry has been drastically ceased in recent years, but unfortunately the whale populations have not recovered and biomass from these organisms is still less than 25% than it was before whaling began.
Due to anthropogenic activities taking place, it caused significant impacts to biomass, growth and populations of whales and seals, because larger individuals were more favoured when whaling started. This meant that the desire for large organisms to be culled, the oceans ability to sequester carbon was impacted greatly. Due to phytoplankton populations being much greater in comparison to that of whales and other marine mammals, it means that their role within nutrient cycling is overlooked once again. | <urn:uuid:bafbd317-3a22-4494-a9ab-0efcf5478642> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://extrememarine.org.uk/2017/11/the-whale-pump-is-it-really-increasing-ocean-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948550199.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214183234-20171214203234-00790.warc.gz | en | 0.961044 | 1,114 | 3.28125 | 3 |
This course covers the laws that govern the creation and operation of government establishments within their political, social and economic contexts, particularly the powers and limits on powers of parliaments to make laws under Australia’s federal Structure. The parallel panels handled a variety of subjects, among which the evolution of the concept of sovereignty; the relationship between worldwide and home legal systems; migration, identification of nationwide borders and border control; freedom of movement inside and past the State; nationalism, populism and constitutional powers; the proliferation and fragmentation of the sources of regulation and regulation.
Topics considered embody the rule of law, the separation of powers, rules of constitutional interpretation, the rules governing workouts of legislative, executive and judicial power, constitutional change, constitutional principles regarding individual rights and freedoms, the relationship between federal, state and territory governments, together with inconsistency of legal guidelines, and monetary federalism.
In keeping with the Society’s mission, the prize will probably be awarded to an impressive guide or books within the field of public legislation, understood as a subject of information that transcends dichotomies between the nationwide and the worldwide in addition to between administrative and constitutional legislation.
The Presentment Clause (Article I, Section 7, cl. 2-three) grants the president the facility to veto Congressional legislation and Congress the facility to override a presidential veto with a supermajority Underneath the clause, as soon as a bill has been passed in equivalent kind by each houses of Congress, with a two thirds majority in each homes, it becomes federal regulation.
It discusses main developments within the internationalization of constitutional law, together with the incorporation of worldwide human rights treaties into constitutions, convergence, and comparativism of nationwide constitutions, and constitutional devolution or treaty-becoming constitutions. | <urn:uuid:d69c699b-1549-4213-9bca-c9fb145a5c0a> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://www.christianepiscopalchurch.org/trump-the-court-and-constitutional-law-by-erwin-chemerinsky.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317130.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822130553-20190822152553-00457.warc.gz | en | 0.931872 | 358 | 2.65625 | 3 |
ESPP has published a draft “Phosphorus Fact Sheet”. The objective is to provide in a readily accessible form, supported by reference sources, key numbers and data relating to phosphorus production, uses, environmental impacts and recycling, in order to offer in one place answers to often asked questions. This responds to the issue that for many aspects of the phosphorus cycle, data is not easily available, or published data is contradictory or out of date, or confusing because of use of different units (tonnes of rock, of phosphorus, of P2O5 …). Best estimates are made of how much phosphorus goes to different applications: agriculture (much the biggest use: c. 87% to fertilisers and 7% to animal feed), fire safety, batteries, food and beverage … Estimates are also provided on phosphorus in food, in sewage, phosphorus “use efficiency” … The objective is not to have fully scientifically justified numbers, but estimates which are considered realistic by competent stakeholders. Any comments are welcome: on the estimated data, on the sources used, or for other data on aspects of phosphorus management which it would be useful to include.
ESPP Phosphorus Fact Sheet for comment https://phosphorusplatform.eu/images/download/ESPP-Phosphorus-fact-sheet-v21-4-19.pdf | <urn:uuid:a244c9d2-689a-4dfc-bcb6-bc2283158d21> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://phosphorusplatform.eu/scope-in-print/news/1853-phosphorus-fact-sheet-for-comment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949533.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331020535-20230331050535-00464.warc.gz | en | 0.916972 | 273 | 3.34375 | 3 |
The G flat Major 9 chord (Gb Maj 9) contains the notes Gb, Bb, Db, F and Ab. It is produced by taking the 1 (root), 3, 5, 7 and 9 of the Gb Major scale. It is essentially a G flat Major 7 chord with an added 9. It’s a beautiful, serene chord. Here’s how to play Gb Major 9.
10 Ways To Play The Gb Major 9 Chord
If you’ve come to this page just to view some chord diagrams for Gb Major 9, here they are. | <urn:uuid:8d392cae-fb41-4f27-bb13-d43b308f1cb7> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://onlineguitarbooks.com/g-flat-major-9-chord/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046155458.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210805063730-20210805093730-00154.warc.gz | en | 0.921731 | 126 | 2.625 | 3 |
You will need
- 2 notebook.
If you have two laptops, and want to provide them simultaneous access to the Internet, it is not necessary to buy Wi-Fi router. Connect a LAN cable to the network adapter of the mobile computer.
Configure the connection to the ISP. In this case it does not matter what type of connection is used to connect to the network. Make sure that the laptop gets Internet access.
Now create a wireless LAN network between your mobile computers. To do this, open the control center network and sharing on the first laptop. Select menu "Manage wireless networks".
Click "Add" to create a new connection. Select the type of network "computer-computer". The fact that most Wi-Fi modules laptops don't work in access point mode. So you need to create a direct connection with another mobile PC.
Enter the network name and password. Save the connection settings. Plug the other laptop. Open the list of available wireless networks. Connect with the first mobile computer.
Open the properties for the wireless adapter. In the settings of the TCP/IP specify a static IP address. Enter in the field "Main gateway" of similar value, replacing the last digit.
In settings Wi-Fi module, first set the laptop IP address whose value you entered in the field "default gateway" is the second mobile PC. Open the settings menu of Internet connection. Select the tab "Access".
Check the box next to "Enable access to this connection to other users". Save the connection settings and activate it. Add a wireless LAN connection in the firewall exceptions. Go to the second laptop and see if you can access the Internet.
The described method is also suitable for connecting a stationary PC and laptop using Wi-Fi adapter. | <urn:uuid:039da845-e9de-4218-bd9b-5c2bbe6c2d04> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://eng.kakprosto.ru/how-113980-how-to-share-an-internet-connection-via-wi-fi-network | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363006.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204185021-20211204215021-00130.warc.gz | en | 0.848941 | 383 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Last edit: 15:32, 15 February 2011
Welcome to day one! We will discuss the definition of youth and look at their dynamism. To start with I invite you to define youth in your own word and briefly write on their dynamism. Comment by replying to this.
A youth is defined as a young person who is transiting from childhood to adulthood.The term youth does not specify the age at which someone can be called as a youth.It is difficult to put age to the defination of the youth because there transition to adult and they vary at the extent they reach adult,form country to country due to diffrent social economic factors.
Mr,Tandeo you will also note that youth are a driving force in both economic and social transformation of their communities,this is so because of there energy and desire to explore within there environment.(they are veryu experimental0
The youth are currently being the major economic changers of the world,,for example they are the ones that are today been in the frontline of great technological innovations(the touch phones) and these technological innovations are targeted at the youth because of there energies and hunger for latest innovations.
A youth by my understanding is a young person who is in between childhood and adulthood. It is also a period of life where most persons become very innovative, assertive, very emotional towards "radical" change of life. During this period, this category of persons sometimes if not guided may be very confused about their actual positions in life (confusion of been adults or infants) since they may be addressed as adults or infants based on the situation. It is a time where persons also try to experiment, and also exhibit a lot of energy. Personally, I may not ascribe to any age margin for the youth but according to the National Youth Policy of Ghana, “youth” is defined as “persons who are within the age bracket of fifteen (15) and thirty-five (35)”. Ghana’s definition has been informed by those used by the United Nations Organisation and the Commonwealth Secretariat. Ghana's definition undoubtedly, runs in consonance with definitions in other countries such as Tanzania and Namibia. Well, I think there is more to defining "youth" not only by age but through other variables such as ability. A person may fall outside the suggested range of ages but could perform like or more than a youth.
Again in Ghana, as a way of looking at the dynamism of youth, the 2000 Ghana Housing and Population Census,states clearly that the population of Ghana was 18.9 million with an annual growth rate of 2.7 percent where the youth in Ghana constitute about 33% as a heterogeneous segment of Ghana’s population. From the literature given as a guide, heterogeneity may call for variations ranging from some youth coming from well to do families while others do not; some in school, others not;etc. But the fact still remains that the youth can be dynamically homogenous. Today, they may be homogenous through the bridge of digital divide. Most of the youth informally have accepted technology available as a lingua franca for the youth.
Hi Andrew, Thank you for the question I am really loving the discussion and posts from other members. "Smile." Youth is the quality or condition of being young. It is the period between childhood and maturity which is characterized by high energy levels, innovation, and a deep desire to effect change. At this stage, most youth would not have had a lot of commitments that elderly people have, such as taking care of a large family, sorting out bills, debt e.t.c. This gives them the leeway to experiment with life (Both in a positive and negative sense).
Youths have the power to change the world through their actions, choices, and aspirations. I will however be quick to say that the same power can destroy them and society if not properly harnessed and nurtured! Ours is to help them be productive members of soceity. Be-The-Best
Last edit: 15:33, 15 February 2011
Hi class! I hope that you are enjoying the discussions. I can see that youth can be defined differently, others by age while others by their character. However, let us take time to discuss why youth is defined by age. You are required to give three reasons, then we can move on and look at dynamism of youth in summary.
Last edit: 15:34, 15 February 2011
Hello everyone, My first name is Sibongile
I think youth is defined by age because age brings: 1. changes in behavior and thought towards maturity 2. experience 3. biological changes towards maturity --Smauye 09:01, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
Why youth is defined by age:
- Age is a measurement of one's availability or level of a stature in life for instance a baby can be from 0yreas to 5years (in health centres such children must have an under 5 card) am sure mothers here will agree with me. So as the youth is defined as a human being that have atained 15years to 35years of age.
- I think that the other reason isa young person would start to develop certain behaviors in life such as sorry to use the term for lack of better words,)(puberty) the period of life during which the young person mature
- becourse this is a time when a person moves from a time of dependance to indipendence for urguements seck
Possibly the youth are defined by age due to the following factors: To get minimum reference groups to address the specific youth issues,Country specific life expectancy status,most productive age , to get minimum Labour market reference ,voting right as per the country legislative and education status (both formal and non-formal)
Youth can be defined by age due to the following:
- Age as a determinant for defining youth is to serve as a standard measurement for uniformity for a country or a group's operations.
- People of this group (transitional-youth) exhibit similar characteristics in terms of physiological, psychological and performance that can be directly linked to their ages or what others in their age group can do.
- The youth are mostly young people about to go through (experience) what adults have gone through, such as work, raising a family, skills, values and mindset.
Youth is defined by age to:
1. Set a period (in years) when youth can be supported
by policy makers and various stakeholders.
2. Identify common behaviours among them
3. Provide suitable programmes that are of interest to
particular age groups.
Greetings Andrew, Greetings fellow participants, Please let me know if am in the right forum, My name are Rodgers Mulenga working with Chawama Youth Project based in Zambia Why youth is defined by age:
Hi Rogers! You are welcome to the training and indeed you are in the right forum. You are encouraged to make contributions to the discusions!
Wilson J Mbongwe
Once more am please to be one of the IPYET 2011 participante. My work at the Department of Youth <Botswana>includes coordination of the Youth Development Fund. The fund is aimed at youth entrepreneurship development.
The Botswana National Youth council of 2011 define youth a young person between the age of 15 to 35years of age. in my view, a youth should defined as a stage of transition from childhood to adulthood guided by the norms and value of a particular community or as derected by the statutes of a country, otherwise it would diffucult to make a distention. Youth like anyother person differ in may respect be attitude, behaviour etc and as such need to be guided during the transition stage at least to comform to the societal expectations.
--GabKon 18:10, 15 February 2011 (UTC) Hello class. My name is Gabriel Konayuma from Zambia. My job involves promoting entrepreneurship development to youths, women and people in the informal economy. I develop policies for youths in Technical and Vocational Education and Training. My definition of a youth is someone in transition from childhood to adulthood. In childhood, these youths were provided for by adults in terms of shelter, safety, education and clothing. Adults provide or at least are expected to provide for themselves shelter, employment, food and education. Youths are those that are being weaned from dependence to independence and therefore need appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes to make a successful transition to adulthood.
Hi class! I am sure you have observed from our discusion that there is no universally agreed definition of youth. 1. Across counttries, a youth is defined by age, 2. Definition of youth differs from place to place, 3. Different organisations define youth differently.
The possible reasons why age is used to define youth: 1. Statistical use, 2. For planning purposes, 3. Delivering youth specific developmental programs.
Apart from age, youth can be defined by functional ( ability) and socially Constructed ideas ( status and behaviour.
Dynamism of young people:
1. Young people are not necessarily homogeneous (same)
But heterogeneous ( different).
2. Certain skills are necessary to manage young people's
Heterogeneous nature-empathy, Communication and conflict management.
Let us now shift our focus to rights now.
The dynamism of youth is that they are full of hope for the future and want to achieve a lot for themselves and others. At this point they require good mentors who can shape them into realising their full potential. They require a community of elders who are passionate about their dreams and are willing to lend a helping hand to them...
The youth can be defined by age, status, and ability. There is no universal definition of youth, as definitions defer from country to country and from organization to organization. The youth can be defined as young people between the ages of 15-35years, or people who are capable of carrying out duties and responsibilities of adulthood.Generally speaking, the youth can be defined as that phase of human development between childhood and adulthood.It is a transition period.
Dynamisim of the youth is that they are energetic, active, adpatable to change and very creative.
A youth is an individual who is at the age of transition from teenage years to adulthood, or transition from a state of being dependent on others to independence. It’s an age characterized by high levels of energy, resourcefulness and innovation.
Samuel From Zambia
The Zambian Youth Policy defines a Youth as one who is From 15yeras of age to 35 years of age,in my personal view i define a youth as one who is in transition from the state of childhood to that of adulthood and is guided by principles,traditions of the environment in which that Youth is growing in.
An individual who is able to think out of the box through the application of energy and skills within the framework of the environment to me is a youth.
Hi fellow colleaque in the programme, Just got the mail from a fellow colleaque. I have not seen any work for this week on my mail. However, Youth is a person who is at transitional state between a childhood stage (teenage) and adulthood of responsibility. It is also seen as state of been energertic with ideas etc. Youth is categories based on age. In Nigeria National Youth Policy is between age 18- 35.The age categorization is to help in planning and statistic.However, Age is the standard of categorism youth in the policy.
The concept youth simply means that person that have attain the legal age thus: 18 and above, the age boundary in this, is based on the frame of social identity.
hi my definition of youth is someone aged between 18 and 35 years.
Youth is a period of transition from childhood and dependency to adulthood and independence.
Of course rightly from the discussion paper, there is no universally agreed age definition for youth but one key feature is that at this age, the person experiences challenges of transition eg the person was in school and is now looking for a job; the person was under parental care and finds him/herself as the parent.
Youths are dynamic in the following ways:
1. They are in a transition period and are open to learning and new discoveries
2. Youths have energy to better their lives and this stage is marked by a lot of effort to develop oneself
Because of the transtional nature of the stage, youth are dynamic; they are much more open-minded than adults and are more receptive to change
We should not look confuse youth legal frameworks. Neither do we have to assume that the think better than adults. There has been situations where the so called youth have done things by the heart not the head or hand - leading to chaos and confusion, so also has the so called adults committed such mistakes. So we need to be cautions in drawing such conclusions.
Youth is a stage in life when individuals experience growth biologically, socially and emotionally. Youths are more open to change, they have energy and enthusiasm, depending of course on their-circumstances.--Smauye 12:48, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
Code of ethics on the other hand defines the acceptable behavior for youth professionals, which considers professional and knowledgeable partners who should work in partnership with other professionals while providing access to information in an equitable manner. Youth professionals need to be guided by values of responsibility, respect, fairness, non discrimination, honesty and adhere to boundaries when dealing with young people.--Smauye 12:59, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
I would define youth as being the stage when an individual is between the ages of 16 to 35years old. In terms of dynamism, it is during ones youth that one is most energetic and creative
Youth is a stage of mind rather than age. It is having the energy and mind set to do greater and newer things. So that the ideology about who a youth is not based on age but by deeds and mindset.
It is difficult to accept the fact that being energetic or not is associated with the youth. Those we describe as matured may also be energetic.
In terms of dynamism, today's man is explorative due to the advent of technology. Of course those up and coming people would to experiment and take certain risk than some elderly people. The simple explanation is that the elderly have been there. Dynamism is a quality of the today's man.
My view of ethics is simply "using your towel to clean your hands, other than of your room mate's using the washroom in the absence of your room mate." | <urn:uuid:66ccc94b-05b4-4986-ae2c-788b47d04193> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://wikieducator.org/Thread:Defining_Youth_(1) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511216.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20181017195553-20181017221053-00360.warc.gz | en | 0.965732 | 3,030 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Gas Flaring Wastes Resources, Pollutes Atmosphere
Every year, the oil industry burns off up to 170 billion cubic meters of natural gas released in the oil extraction process, according to a new report commissioned by the World Bank. The practice, known as gas flaring, not only harms the environment by emitting some 400 million tons of carbon dioxide globally, but is also wasteful of a cleaner energy source, the gas itself, notes Bent Svensson, manager of the Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership. “In Africa alone about 40 billion cubic meters of gas are burned every year, which if put to use could generate half of the electricity needed in that continent,” he says.
When crude oil is brought to the surface from deep inside the earth, gas associated with the extraction frequently surfaces as well. Rather than simply burning it off, the World Bank supports exploiting the resource by either injecting it into the ground for reuse in oil production, converting it to liquid natural gas, transporting it via pipelines, or tapping it to generate electricity on-site. If the estimated 170 billion cubic meters of natural gas burned off in 2006 had been sold on the U.S. market, it would have been worth $40 billion, or 27 percent of U.S. natural gas consumption, the report notes. But in remote areas that lack infrastructure and are far from potential consumers, gas flaring may still be the most economical option.
The study, which examined data collected from 1995 through 2006, is the first of its kind to use satellite images of flaring sites. “In the past, the only way to track gas flaring was through official estimates, but now those days are over,” notes lead author Christopher Elvidge, a scientist with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “These independent figures should help governments and companies alike to get a better sense of how much gas they are actually flaring.”
Twenty-two countries have increased gas flaring in the past 12 years, according to the report. Russia and Nigeria appear to be the worst offenders, responsible for roughly one-third and one-sixth of global gas flaring, respectively. Nine countries have had fairly stable gas flaring over the past 12 years, and 16 countries have decreased flaring in that time—among them Argentina, India, Nigeria, Norway, Syria, and the United Arab Emirates.
This story was produced by Eye on Earth, a joint project of the Worldwatch Institute and the blue moon fund. View the complete archive of Eye on Earth stories, or contact Staff Writer Alana Herro at aherro [AT] worldwatch [DOT] org with your questions, comments, and story ideas. | <urn:uuid:0003653e-37b8-4679-8681-079caae24b22> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5349 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123318.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00190-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952186 | 559 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Take a glance around the democratic world and you'll soon see that there are myriad ways in which a country's basic institutions of government can be established and governmental authority distributed among those institutions.
Most countries have written constitutions; a few have unwritten ones. Some are republics; others, constitutional monarchies. Some are presidential; others are parliamentary. Some have a federal system; others have a unitary one. Some have two legislative chambers while others have only one. Most have some sort of entrenched bill of rights, a few have statutory versions and one or two (including Australia) have no bill of rights.
The point is that within the democratic world there are a wide range of permutations and combinations as regards how power is distributed, limited and legitimated. Add to this the many variations in voting systems and the timing of elections and the potential differences grow. There simply is no single correct model of democratic government.
Having experienced a fair number of the options on offer, my view is that Australia has one of the best systems. The Australian Constitution is an excellent one, better than the alternatives in Canada, the US or Britain.
One aspect of our constitution is that federalism has been locked in. A federal system is one in which some powers are granted to the central government and some to the state or regional governments. These powers are demarcated in the written constitution: there are some matters over which the central government has no legal authority, often matters such as education or health.
In unitary states such as New Zealand, France and (still, but just barely) Britain, all legislative power rests with the central government. It can, if it wishes, delegate some of that power to a city council or regional government. But the point is that it can also take the power back any time it wishes (as the Federal Government here can with the territories). In a federal system the central government cannot take powers away from the states without amending the constitution.
Canada, Australia and the US are the obvious examples of federal systems in the English-speaking world. All are countries covering huge geographical areas. In all three there was a need to accommodate the different regions in these large countries. Part of the deal at the time of birth, in other words, was that the respective written constitutions would allocate some powers to the regions (states here and in the US, provinces in Canada) and some to the centre (Canberra, Ottawa and Washington, DC).
Many people may wonder what the point of a federal system is, other than the historical fact that it was the price that had to be paid to create the country.
Why, these doubters wonder, would we want all the duplication of government and different rules and levels of provision that a federal system brings with it? Why not move to a French or British-style unitary system? A strong defence of federalism is possible, especially in large or culturally diverse countries. True, one-size-fits-all regulations can be more efficient. Sometimes. But not always. Often, having one set of rules for everyone satisfies fewer voters than would be the case under federalism.
A US Supreme Court judge offers this example. He imagines looser, more liberal rules on prostitution being proposed in the US. And he imagines public opinion being more or less evenly divided. Were a one-size-fits-all rule adopted, whether for or against liberalisation, about half the population would be disappointed.
Under federalism, states such as New York, California and a few others can opt for liberalisation and the rest can refuse. This may satisfy 70 per cent or 80 per cent of voters. Not everyone, true. But better than centralised rule-making.
This holds true regardless of whether you would have been on the winning or losing side of a nationwide, one-size-fits-all rule.
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25 posts so far. | <urn:uuid:3ebe9125-d173-4185-bda8-fce9204d28c7> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=4462 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141706569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20201202083021-20201202113021-00398.warc.gz | en | 0.959213 | 820 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Studies show that the trans population lives under extreme psychological pressures unseen in even active military personnel. Fifty-five percent of trans people [1,2] were found to live with social anxiety. Within the general American population, similar types of anxiety are experienced by only 6.8% of the population while these levels of anxiety were found to exist at a rate of 8.2% among military personal.
This graph compares the social anxiety transgender people feel against levels of social anxiety within the general American population and that experienced by military personnel.
Transgender and gender variant persons are frequently harassed and discriminated against when seeking housing or applying to jobs or schools, are often victims of violent hate crimes, and face challenges in marriage, adoption and parenting rights.
Discrimination and lack of equal civil rights is damaging to the mental health of transgender and gender variant individuals. For example, gender-based discrimination and victimization were found to be independently associated with attempted suicide in a population of transgender individuals, 32% of whom had histories of trying to kill themselves, and in the largest survey to date of gender variant and transgender people 41% reported attempting suicide.
The APA joins other organizations, including the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association, in endorsing strong policy statements deploring the discrimination experienced by gender variant and transgender individuals and calling for laws to protect their civil rights.
The National Institute of Health defines Social Anxiety Disorder as being characterized by a, “… persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and feeling embarrassed or humiliated by their actions. This fear may be so severe that it interferes with work, school, and other activities and may negatively affect the person’s ability to form relationships.”
“… ethnic minority MtF transgender persons who experience negative interactions with health providers and face discrimination in the health care system feel strong barriers to utilizing health care services, and consequently exacerbate health disparities. Transphobia experience, depression, and economic pressure would also contribute to the barriers to utilizing services experienced by MtF transgender persons of color. This vicious cycle must be eliminated by developing health intervention programs specific to MtF transgender persons.” – Nemoto, Operario and Keatley, 2005
The studies reviewed found that over half of respondents claim significant anxiety over the way in which the cisgender population may react to them as transgender women. This is not a baseless concern; the trans population suffers significant rates of housing and employment discrimination, rape and assault. Housing discrimination contributes to homelessness; employment discrimination contributes to chronic unemployment and forced participation in underground economies such as sex work which then drives high rates of HIV within the trans population. Violence and discrimination narrows the experience of life for a significant portion of the trans population to the simple need to physically and psychologically survive. Thus begins a cycle which reinforces depression and shame while simultaneously validating disempowerment and fatalism.
Connecting the Dots
I have spent so many hours avoiding public multi-stall bathrooms that I have damaged my bladder and put pressure on my kidneys. The problem was a daily one. I’d think about where I was going what bathrooms I’d have access to, how much I drank during the day, whether I’d be with people who could help stand guard…
– Response to a 2002 survey conducted by the San Francisco Human Rights Commission which found that nearly 50% of transgender respondents reported harassment or assault when simply attenpting to use a public bathroom
We live under the constant threat of horrifying violence. We have to worry about what bathroom to use when our bladders are aching. We are forced to consider whether we’ll be dragged out of a bathroom and arrested or face a fist fight while our bladders are still aching . It’s an everyday reality for us. Human beings must use toilets… If I go into the women’s bathroom, am I prepared for the shouting and shaming? Will someone call security or the cops? If I use the men’s room, am I willing to fight my way out? Am I really ready for the violence that could ensue?
– Leslie Feinberg, Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue, p 68 – 69
Police officers often harass or abuse transgender and gender nonconforming people regardless of which sex-segregated bathroom they use. This harassment intensifies when coupled with the stereotyping of trans people as sexual predators. As such, the use of the ‘wrong’ bathroom . . . often results in arrests for crimes such as public lewdness, public obscenity, or public indecency. Refusing to comply with or simply questioning a police officer’s direction as to which bathroom the individual must use can often lead to charges such as resisting arrest or disorderly conduct.
– Pooja Gehi, Struggles from the Margins: Anti-Immigrant Legislation and the Impact on Low-Income Transgender People of Color, 30 WOMEN’S RTS. L. REP. 315, 326 (2009)
[Non-discrimination protections based upon gender identity] would allow all males – including registered sex offenders or males subject to a domestic violence order of protection – to assert “gender identity” as a means to invade female-only space. Indeed, these laws provide a legal basis for males to be in sex-segrigated space. It is well-documented that males as a class have a demonstrated history of harming females as a class by exploiting bemale biology (ie, rape, sexual violance, unwanted pregnancy).
– Cathy Brennan and Elizabeth Hungerford United Nations letter
… their arrogance and oppressiveness is amazing. It is funny though that they are so used to Feminists immediately bowing before them that they don’t know how to deal with that we don’t care what happens to them. They expect we’ll be shocked to see statistics about them being killed, and don’t realize, some of us wish they would ALL be dead.
I believe if I was standing at a dressing room and my wife or one of my daughters was in the dressing room and a man tried to go in there — I don’t care if he thinks he’s a woman and tries on clothes with them in there — I’d just try to stomp a mudhole in him and then stomp him dry.
– State Rep. Richard Floyd (R)
- Kenagy, G., & Bostwick, W. (2005). The health and social service needs of transgender people in Chicago. International Journal of Transgenderism, 8(2/3), 57-66. doi: 10.1300/J485v08n02_06
- Padgett, P., & Risser, J. (2010).Transgender HIV behavioral survey (thbs): Pilot study in Houston, TX. Unpublished manuscript, School of Public Health , The University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
- NIH Social Anxiety: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/1SOC_ADULT.shtml
- Social anxiety disorder and social fears in the Canadian military: Prevalence, comorbidity, impairment, and treatment-seeking, Journal of Psychiatric Research, Volume 44, Issue 14, October 2010, Pages 887–893
- Nemoto, T., Operario, D., Keatley, J., Han, L., Soma, T. (2006) HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgender persons of color in San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health, 94(7):1193-1199
[alert type=”info”]Editor’s Note: Read more about the rate of social anxiety/PTSD in military personnel here. Rates cited here were between 8% and 43%, depending upon the type of combat the soldier survived. Even the high-bound level of 43% seems to be dwarfed by levels found in trans studies.[/alert] | <urn:uuid:fda5e69a-6836-4d28-ac43-e535f2663ae6> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.transadvocate.com/extreme-pressures-faced-by-trans-people_n_8452.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583700734.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190120062400-20190120084400-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.936428 | 1,645 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Booklet 2 of 12 from a series of talks given by Priest Daniel Sysoev entitled “How to Inherit Eternal Life.”
The essence of God is fully known to three alone: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. All others know only what God reveals to them about Himself, diminishing His power, as it were, in order to become accessible to us. We address Him by the names “He That Is,” “Ancient of Days,” “Life,” “Most Wise,” “Good,” and others, each of which emphasizes a particular facet of divine perfection. Through learning the names of the Most High, Whose existence is beyond comparison with anything in the universe, a person enters the crucible of meaning, and his understanding is enabled to enrich the whole world by supernatural revelations.
God’s Love and God’s Will
The Divine Names
How Does God Rule the World?
On Fear of God and Good Works
On Meekness and Freedom from Anger
On Internal and External Prayer
Spirit, Soul, and Body
On Gluttony and Avarice
On Envy and Despondency
How We Should View the Government
Orthodox Upbringing of Children
The Resurrection of the Dead | <urn:uuid:ffbc6bd9-bcdb-4c2f-b539-382cd1260c7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://danielsysoev.ru/product/the-divine-names-priest-daniel-sysoev/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00661.warc.gz | en | 0.924858 | 281 | 2.578125 | 3 |
THE REPTILE PET TRADE
The trade in reptiles has grown virtually unhindered since the import of Mediterranean tortoises was banned in 1984 by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
The ban followed recognition by the authorities that these vulnerable and sensitive animals make highly unsuitable 'pets' and that the majority were living short, wretched lives. Equally, national populations were being seriously depleted as a result of dealers' activities.
Trading in tropical tortoises, such as the elongated, was not included in the ban and dealing in these animals continues - as does the trade in scores of different species of tortoises, turtles, snakes and lizards.
A recent price list issued by Strictly Rep - a breeder and importer supplying animal retailers including the Focus Do It All chain of DIY stores - boasts a catalogue of some 103 different species. These range from Indian pythons to Vietnamese Golden geckos; from Sudanese plated lizards, to green iguanas.
Like the now-protected Mediterranean tortoise, such animals are supremely ill-suited for life in a glass tank or (the fate of larger reptiles such as the 5ft-plus long adult iguana) a solitary existence in a suburban spare bedroom.
Unlike many mammals and birds, whose adaptability to their environment is relatively flexible, reptiles are 'pre-programmed' for life in the wild. Unable to adapt to captivity, most reptiles die prematurely from stress, injury, disease, neglect, and incorrect husbandry, such as poor feeding, heating and humidity.
Glass boundaries confuse them. Seeing nothing in their way, they move or impact against transparent barriers and often sustain facial injuries and even broken necks, leading to paralysis. Some lizards, when threatened in the wild, will dive from trees into water or onto a deep leaf-litter substrate. In a tank, their landing is often on a hard surface, such as the base of a shallow water container. Injuries result.
Reptiles also suffer burns from inappropriate heat sources and malnutrition from a lack of vitamin D, which - for some species - is vital for the proper absorption of nutrients; in the wild, vitamin D is obtained from sunlight.
Snakes have extremely delicate muscles and skeletons that can be easily bruised or broken during handing - even by seemingly non-harmful acts, such as supporting a snake's weight at one place rather than distributing it over at least two good points. Equally, the circulatory system of snakes is governed to cope with its largely horizontal lifestyle. Holding them vertically, as is often done by pet keepers, can cause severe displacement of body fluids.
The popular assumption is that reptiles are 'cold blooded' and therefore feel little or no pain. In fact, they are ectothermic rather than cold blooded. This means that (unlike endothermic mammals and birds) reptiles have little physiological control over their internal body temperature and are instead almost completely reliant on external heat sources to provide them with enough warmth for their natural activities and for metabolic processes to operate. This makes these animals extremely sensitive even to subtle changes in temperature and humidity in their captive environment.
Added to the problems arising from their 'cold blooded' reputation, reptiles lack the repertoire of facial expressions and vocalisations that would alert keepers to their pain and distress. A sick, hurt, or chronically stressed reptile will typically suffer in silence. The suffering will often be far more prolonged than that experienced by mammals, due to reptiles' slow metabolic rate. Blood loss and the healing of injuries are both relatively slow, as are the consequent risk of infection and further complications.
Many customers will purchase a reptile a few inches long that, within a few years - should the animal survive - could grow into something powerful and massive. A rock python might measure 16 foot, an iguana 5ft-plus, while a terrapin - which starts life about the size of a 50 pence piece - can grow to the size of a dinner plate. It is not uncommon for such animals to be abandoned in a 'forgotten' part of a house or to be dumped on public ground, whereupon they invariably become objects not of sympathy but of persecution.
Most reptiles sold for the pet trade, says reptile biologist Clifford Warwick, are wild caught. But with fewer than 5 per cent of consignments inspected by Customs officers, it is a near certainty that dealers can say what they want on declaration forms with little risk of the shipments being inspected.
Often dealers state that animals are captive bred, says Warwick, because selling the species in question constitutes an offence; or because various local authorities refuse the sale of any wild caught animals in their jurisdiction. Despite the prohibitions, Warwick adds, 'claims that animals are captive bred are rarely challenged and almost never tested - and traders know it'.
Methods used to catch wild reptiles include netting (small lizards), catching by hand and thrown into bins (snakes), and chased, grabbed and stuffed into sacks (iguanas).
Other reptiles are captive bred, often on a small scale in a house or shed. Dealers try to present captive breeding as a humane alternative to the wild caught trade. But captive breeding is associated with many of the stresses, disease risks and early mortalities found in any system of intensive farming. Additionally, many involved in captive breeding will regularly or periodically take fresh breeding stock from the wild in order to maintain profitable 'output'.
Having personally witnessed the physical injuries to reptiles caused by their capture, storage, packaging and transport, Clifford Warwick's one-word definition for the trade is: 'barbaric'. Injuries, he says, cause broken bones to pierce not only the animals themselves but also stab others to death. He has also seen animals engage in panic fighting and dying from suffocation. 'Add to this the long term psychological and behavioural deprivation caused by animals not being where they should be and you have creatures enduring lives of severe misery.'
For more information see the reptile campaign index. | <urn:uuid:370cd1ff-2f83-479c-a76f-46714b08f249> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://animalaid.org.uk/h/n/CAMPAIGNS/wildlife/ALL/350/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535921550.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014521-00014-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956976 | 1,242 | 3.15625 | 3 |
For many years, Google Earth has allowed anyone with a fast internet connection to explore the world from their desk without having to step on a plane. A scroll of the mouse lets you zoom and glide over stitched together satellite photos of the world. With improvements to the technology that allow users to view the world in near-real time, people have found creative ways to use it for various purposes.
One is environmental protection. Citizens and environmental groups turn to Google Earth to fight threats such as water pollution, deforestation and illegal fishing. Google Earth has enabled anyone with an Internet connection to become an environmental watchdog—a phenomenon best described as the democratization of satellite technology.
Prior to the 1970s, satellite technology belonged exclusively to the military, government officials and specialized scientists. In 1972, NASA launched Landsat, the first non-weather satellite for civilian use. Landsat monitored changes taking place on the planet’s surface, from agricultural changes to desertification. Since then, a wide variety of increasingly sophisticated satellites have been created and launched to monitor a host of planetary activities.
Following are examples of how Google Earth is used for environmental protection:
Global Forest Watch
Global Forest Watch (GFW) is an online transparent mapping application that provides access to timely and reliable information about forests. It was developed by the World Resources Institute and more than 40 partners (including Google), and was launched on February 20, 2014. GFW is a combination of satellite technology, open data and crowd sourcing. These tools ensure that GFW will empower people everywhere to better manage the world’s forests.
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that offers high-resolution topographic data. Unlike other forms of remote sensing technology, it penetrates clouds and forest canopy. Brazil uses LiDAR to track deforestation.
Ocean in Google Earth
Ocean in Google Earth is a joint project by Google Earth and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Launched on February 2, 2009, Ocean in Google Earth allows Internet users to virtually dive into the world’s oceans. It displays information such as marine protected areas, weather patterns, temperatures, coral reefs and algal blooms. Ocean in Google Earth is an informative and efficient tool that can help stakeholders (fisherfolk, environmental groups, consumers, etc.) monitor water pollution in the world’s oceans.
Global Fishing Watch
Global Fishing Watch was developed by Google Earth, non-profit digital mapping organization SkyTruth and marine life advocacy group Oceana. It is a platform that identifies the location of fishing boats on a map, using data from ships’ automatic identification system (AIS). By doing so, Global Fishing Watch is able to regularly alert governments and the general public about global fishing activity, preventing illegal fishing in the process. Moreover, shipping companies can use the data provided by Global Fishing Watch to prevent collisions and other sea hazards.
Experts are now using Google Earth to study the tribes of the Amazon Rainforest safely and remotely. Scientists from the University of Missouri and the University of New Mexico were able to determine the population of an isolated tribe living in the Brazil-Peru border using Google Earth imagery from 2006. Google Earth’s satellite images can also be used to protect the Amazon Rainforest’s tribes from threats such as development aggression, illegal mining and human trafficking.
FirstCarbon Solutions (FCS), an ADEC Organization, is a leading sustainability solutions provider with expertise in software and data management solutions. We provide solutions for incorporating mitigation strategies into your business agenda with cost-effective environmental and sustainability management software solutions. To learn more about innovative solutions, review this article from our monthly newsletter, GreenWatch. | <urn:uuid:018405c8-54a3-49ca-a808-64f1ede2db27> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.adecesg.com/resources/blog/how-google-earth-promotes-environmental-protection-in-near-real-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711637.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20221210005738-20221210035738-00525.warc.gz | en | 0.911628 | 761 | 3.625 | 4 |
SocialEyes Together® makes it easy for teachers, group leaders, and other educational professionals to deliver Social Emotional Learning to students in unique, interactive, and practical ways that keep students engaged whether in person or online
SocialEyes Together offers interactive, dynamic, easily implementable SEL (Social Emotional Learning) lesson plans with tools and techniques for you to use right away in a small group or in your classroom.
The program features research-based, classroom-tested components including applied social improvisation activities, mindfulness scripts and exercises, and cognitive awareness lessons.
With these tools, teachers can lead SEL lessons with ease and clarity.
It is designed with detailed instructions, scripts for the leader of the group, and provides alternatives for more elementary and advanced versions of some of the therapeutic activities and exercises.
Students acquire essential social skills that build healthy relationships by engaging in thoughtful, mindful, and enjoyable activities. Students learn to be flexible, attentive to others, resilient, emotionally aware, self-regulated, and kind, for starters!
Students experience empathy and heart-based living. They embrace making mistakes as part of life and critical to learning. In doing so, they become kinder to themselves and to others in their group or classroom.
Students become mindful and present. The activities and exercises require heightened focus as participants Think, Act, Listen, and Look on Purpose.
Classrooms and groups become caring, creative environments where everyone belongs. New experiences lead them into uncharted territory where they connect and bond.
Included are SEL objectives for each of the five CASEL competencies for ease of use in IEP development and other data record keeping.
The activities are organized under specific objectives. You can choose the ones that address the desired skill. For example, if you’re trying to have your students improve flexibility, you can select the activities, exercises, tools, and techniques that fall under that heading and easily create your targeted lesson plan.
“SocialEyes Together is an absolute treasure for every educator… In the midst of such a busy and intense time for educators, this accessible, well-organized book is exactly what is needed to help transform students’ lives.”
Carrie Caudle M.A. Teacher, Grades K/1, Mary Collins School, Petaluma CA
Artistic Director, RagTag Improv
In order to ensure the wellbeing of students, staff and community, SEL must sit within a greater restorative, trauma-informed, culturally, and racially sensitive school climate. It must also find ways to meaningfully and practically support school staff and students.
SocialEyes Together supports teachers to:
The implementation of SEL programming is an ongoing process that can be embedded into the school day or taught in ongoing group and classroom lessons.
SocialEyes Together expands and ignites the power of belonging for our kids—our future leaders—today
Robin Fox, M.Ed., author, special educator, lifelong meditation practitioner, and professional improvisation actor has taught, led professional development workshops, and consulted for over 40 years in public and private schools.
She earned a B.A. in Psychology, a Master’s in Education, and a 6th year in Broadcast Media and Writing. She is passionate about helping adults and students alike become resilient and empowered humans using the transformational tools she has experienced, taught to students, and codified in this curriculum.
Robin conducts SEL professional development for school systems and leads SEL groups for Old Saybrook, CT Public Schools and for local agencies. She is a current member of the Connecticut Social and Emotional Learning Collaborative. Robin recently revised and added onto the CT Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity & Opportunity’s Building Kindness and Empathy Online Activity Guide for Middle and High School Students. Robin lives on the Connecticut shoreline with her partner.
“SocialEyes Together is a practical and beautiful book that is well organized, explains the theories behind the activities, and gives you easy-to-follow instructions to create powerful transformations. Pick up Social Eyes Together and start using it right away. Then buy copies for all your colleagues.”
Caitlin McClure, Senior Consultant at Impact International
“Social competencies are an important life skill linked to increasing outcomes in adulthood for many students including those on the autism spectrum. Yet, these nuanced skills can be the most challenging to acquire.
“Robin’s SocialEyes Together curriculum, using improvisation, mindfulness, and cognitive awareness, provides the key to unlocking the ability for students to learn these complex skills. The Social Eye’s curriculum is born out of Robin’s undeniable passion which exudes from each and every page.”
Julie Swanson, The Life Skills Lady | <urn:uuid:e3a68461-76da-4fca-8472-06f4334fccb4> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.social-eyes.org/lesson-plans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362589.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20211203030522-20211203060522-00444.warc.gz | en | 0.927532 | 983 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Authentication Google account : Hackers can hack your sensitive data like account passwords, bank accounts details, private information etc. So email accounts are a technically unencrypted medium that provides security to your data.
Strong passwords can do this but there is a requirement of two-factor authentication for your Google account to secure your accounts very well. Two Way Authentication means that you have not only set the password of your account but also add a unique code that you get from your phone or any other external source. So no one can access your personal data or crack your password too.
Authentication Google account : Step by Step
Now, we are going to discuss all the steps of two-way authentication of Google account that are mentioned below:
Step 1: Firstly, Log in your account with entering the email id and click on the “Next” button.
Step 2: A new page is opened. Now enter the password of your email account and click on “Sign In” button.
Step 3: Now go to the “My Account” page. This option shows in the top right corner.
Step 4: In My Account Page, click on the link of “Signing in to Google” option under the section of “Sign-in & Security” which is placed on the left side of the page.
Step 5: A new page is opened on your screen. Under the Password & Sign-in method section, you turn on the option of “2-Step Verification”.
Step 6: After turning on the option, a new window pop up and click on the blue button “Get started” that is placed at the bottom-right corner of the page.
Step 7: After this, once again you enter the password of your email account and click on “Sign In” tab.
Step 8: Now you have entered the two-step verification. In this, enter the valid phone number in the text field. It becomes your back phone number of your account.
Step 9: Select the code source where you want to receive the code of two-step verification. You can choose “Text Message” option to receive the code in the text format or choose “Phone Call” to receive a call and listen to the verification code. Click on the “Send” option. So it sends the verification code via message or call.
Step 10: You receive the text message of the verification code in the notifications section of your mobile phone.
Step 11: If you are not enabled notifications of text messages then you can go directly to the “Messaging App” and see the verification code in it.
Step 12: Now, you have to enter the verification code in the “Confirm that it works” page and click on the “Next” button.
Step 13: After this, a new window pop-ups and shows the message “It worked! Turn on 2-Step Verification? To finish this page, click on the blue button “Turn On”. It enables 2-step verification for your account.
So if you try to log in your account in a new device then it always asks you about a verification code that is delivered to your registered phone number.We are half way done for Authentication Google account.
Step 14: After turning on, it will ask you set up an alternative second step.
Step 15: To do so, log out from your Google account and again Sign in your Google Account. Enter email id and password.
Step 16: After this, you receive a 6-digit verification code as a text message. Then enter the verification code on the displaying screen.
Step 17: Now enable the “Google Authenticator” and connect your phone to your Google account. Then Click on the “Setup” option which is placed on Authenticator app.
Step 18: A new window pop-up. In this, you select your phone type “Android” or “iPhone” and click on “Next” button.
Step 19: Then a new window displays on your screen as “Set up Authenticator”. It shows a bar code or a QR code. So with the help of Google Authenticator App, you have to scan this code.
Step 20: Now install the “Google Authenticator App” from the “Google Play Store” or “App Store”.
Step 21: Open “Google Authenticator App” and tap on the plus sign that is placed at the top.
Step 22: It pop-ups the option of “Scan Barcode” at the bottom of the screen of the app and click on it.
Step 23: After this, it activates your phone’s camera and displays a green box. So put this green box on the QR code on your computer screen. So it automatically reads the QR code.
Step 24: It adds your Google account to the Authentication app and generates the code.We are almost done for Authentication Google account.
Step 25: In this, come back to your computer and click on “Next” button.
Step 26: The generated code in the app that enters the Setup authenticator screen and clicks on “Verify”.
Step 27: A new window pop-ups and click on “Done” to complete the process and close it. | <urn:uuid:51a709db-1edf-46f9-bc23-1077e0ef3488> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.techykeeday.com/two-factor-authentication-google-account/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737233.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200807231820-20200808021820-00191.warc.gz | en | 0.852411 | 1,132 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Electrical stimulation stops migraines
"Migraineurs" experiencing regular disabling headaches might find relief in a daily dose of electricity.
Belgian neurologist Jean Schoenen from Liege University and his colleagues randomly allocated 67 migraine sufferers to receive, over a 90 period, either 20 minutes per day of self-applied electrical stimulation delivered using a pad applied to the forehead, or a "sham" (placebo) treatment using similar equipment.
The subjects, who did not know whether they were receiving the active or sham treatments, were asked to keep diaries of their migraine attacks during the treatment period.
Before the trial started, the participants had also logged their headache episodes for 30 days to establish a baseline for comparison.
Dubbed PREMICE (prevention of migraine using the STS Cefaly), the study showed a 30% drop in migraine days amongst the volunteers given the real treatment. This was reflected in a drop of 37% in the use of anti-migraine drugs amongst the treated participants but not amongst the control (sham) group whose analgesic consumption remained about the same.
Writing in Neurology, the team admit that the mechanism by which their intervention blocks migraine attacks isn't clear. The device delivers a small 16 mA current, stimulating to the supratrochlear and supraorbital sensory nerves, which supply the forehead region.
The resulting activity induced in these nerves could, the team speculate, be transmitted to central neural networks concerned with pain or migraine responses, altering the migraine threshold.
Previously, scientists have shown that magnetic stimulation can be used to block migraine attacks once they begin, most likely by damping down the waves of abnormal brain activity that appear to trigger the condition.
But this is the first time that a simple, readily-available piece of kit, not dissimilar to the TENS machines used to give pain relief to other parts of the body including during child-birth, has been shown to be effective. | <urn:uuid:283737e4-6f98-49d9-a92d-b4dc71a8c5b4> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/electrical-stimulation-stops-migraines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886979.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117212700-20180117232700-00333.warc.gz | en | 0.935681 | 405 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Father Devine established first mission in Hudson Valley in New Paltz in 1935
Born George Baker in Rockville, Maryland during the 1870s Father Devine, as he was known to his followers, grew up to become a charismatic black spiritual leader who founded the International Peace Mission Movement around 1907.
Devine relocated to Sayville, Long Island in 1919 and his followers became the first black residents to live in that community.
During that time Devine started to attract a number of white followers and in 1932, he moved the operation to Harlem. Three years later, with the popularity of his movement growing, Devine established his first mission in the Hudson Valley in New Paltz, near today’s Ulster County Fairgrounds.
Local residents initially shunned the racially integrated group, even though members displayed a solid work ethic and adhered to Devine’s mandate that prohibited smoking, drinking, using profane language and/or engaging in sexual activities even if married.
Devine’s followers — known as “angels” — lived in separate dormitories based on their gender. However, the respective quarters did not segregate the men or women based on the color of their skin.
Over time, Devine oversaw missions in New Paltz, Highland, Kingston and High Falls. Nationally, about 150 interracial missions were in operation and his followers viewed Devine as God.
“What Devine was really saying is that God dwells amongst us and in us, and we show that he is living within us by the deeds that we do to help our fellow man,” said High Falls resident RiK Rydant. “Because he was such a charismatic personality, his followers believed that he was God but he never proclaimed that.”
Calling Ulster County “The Promised Land,” Devine established the mission’s regional headquarters in a mansion along Chapel Street in Kingston, where he and his wife lived. The ornate brick Gothic 5,331-square foot structure was built in 1900 and featured finely crafted pressed tin ceilings, marble fireplaces and hardwood floors.
“A local bluestone dealer named Daniel Donovan built the mansion,” said City of Kingston Historian Edwin Ford. “After Father Devine purchased it, many of his younger followers lived there with him.”
Devine’s mission started to attract an ever-growing number of wealthy converts and with the accumulated donations amassed between 1935-1938 it purchased a number of farms, houses and businesses throughout the region. However, their presence was not widely accepted.
“When Father Devine came here from New York City he thought he would be accepted but they really weren’t,” Ford said. “Occasionally, Father Devine and his group would purchase a house in the area and the next day it was torched.
“They came up from the city on a Dayliner boat and could not find anyone to give them a ride to their High Falls location. They had to walk the entire way.”
In High Falls, the mission purchased and operated numerous businesses, including a grocery store, gas station, hotel, dress store and dormitories for Devine’s followers. The town housed about 1,000 followers who typically — as did their leader — shed their given names and adopted new ones, such as Faithful Mary, Heavenly Rest, Sweet Penny and Sister Peace Dove.
Because Devine dressed well and drove through the region in fancy automobiles, he and the mission soon came under investigation by the Internal Revue Service. Try as it might, the agency failed to discover any financial improprieties at the mission and none of the funds generated was ever in Devine’s name.
In 1942, for a variety of reasons, Devine again relocated the mission to Philadelphia, where he died in 1965. His second wife, Canadian born Edna Rose Ritchings — known to followers as Mother Devine — assumed oversight of the mission from its new headquarters in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania through her death in 2017.
“Father Devine was a presence in Ulster County well after his death,” Rydant said. “In 1985 his followers sold the Kingston mansion to the Bush family; it was the last property the mission owned in Ulster County.”
“Dateline” appears Wednesdays. To suggest a topic, email Anthony Musso at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:5e665449-0a1e-44ac-9d68-513a93524366> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/2019/10/29/devines-interracial-mission-moved-harlem-new-paltz-1935/2485982001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948900.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328232645-20230329022645-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.978028 | 928 | 2.75 | 3 |
The slope of the displacement is the velocity, which is a maximum whenOriginally Posted by spiritualfieldsThere's probably a simple explanation that I'm overlooking, but I can't see it. This is a problem dealing with interpretation of something in my text book, so I'll copy it verbatim, then ask my question. First, simple harmonic motion is described as:
With that in mind, the text goes on to elaborate further, calling attention to a figure that has an object suspended from a spring. The object has a rest position (point B), a maximum up displacement position (point A), and a maximum down displacement position (point C). The text says:
The problem is that there is also a figure that shows the sinosoidal shape of the displacement (from rest) with respect to time. The sinosoidal waveform seems to demonstrate the exact opposite of what the text is asserting! Specifically, the object is exhibing the MOST acceleration when the displacement is least (near rest). I corrolate the slope of the sinosoidal waveform with the acceleration of the object, and the slope changes the most when the object is moving through its rest position. The acceleration is LEAST when the object is at maximum displacement (corresponding to the maximum and minimum parts of the sinosoidal, when the slope slows to near zero).
the dispalecement is zero. | <urn:uuid:d144c351-85f9-4f4a-9c5e-939ac5ebc716> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/5119-simple-harmonic-motion.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542851.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00091-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934773 | 284 | 2.84375 | 3 |
There are dozens of islands in the waters around New York City, and many of them have rich and little-known histories. Perhaps the most fascinating of all of them is Hart Island, 131 acres of land just east of City Island at the western edge of Long Island Sound. Originally called "Heart Island" due to the fact that its footprint resembles the shape of the organ, the "e" was soon dropped.
Hart Island has been a prisoner of war camp a number of times; in the mid-19th century, it housed confederate POWs; in the mid-20th, it held POWs from World War 2. The island has also been home to a prison and a womens' asylum, a workhouse and NIKE missile base. But if the average person knows anything at all about Hart Island, it is likely the fact that, since 1869, the island has served as New York's sixth potter's field. Approximately 800,000 bodies are buried on the island, making it the largest publicly funded cemetery in the world.
In addition to the potter's field, which takes up the entire northern half of the island, and has now moved to the southern tip, there are a number of buildings remaining on the island. | <urn:uuid:44a1a92c-31d4-4c8f-9712-95fe94919f33> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.amazfacts.com/2013/05/abandoned-island-that-contains-800000.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738663202.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173743-00087-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977058 | 256 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Upon showing her this picture, the park naturalist informed us that it was not, in fact, a butterfly, but a moth. None other than the Cecropia moth, the largest in North America!
The scientific name is Hyalophora cecropia and it’s a member of the Saturniidae family of giant silk moths. Females with a wingspan of 160 mm (over six inches) have been documented. It is found all the way from B.C. to the Canadian maritime provinces.
Long Point Provincial Park, near Port Rowan, Ontario, Canada is part of the Lake Erie beaches. It’s a stunning place to visit if you like sand-dune camping and deserted beaches. It is also world-renowned for migrating birds in the spring and fall (many of which probably feed on the Cecropia moth). Bird-watchers have spotted 383 different species of birds on Long Point itself, which is recognized as a biosphere reserve by the United Nations. | <urn:uuid:e25a6e6a-3170-419b-9720-8528d4f6dd0e> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://roadstories.ca/cecropia-moth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987795403.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022004128-20191022031628-00236.warc.gz | en | 0.954459 | 208 | 2.875 | 3 |
What Is Investment Banking?
Investment banking is a particular division of banking connected with the production of capital for different organizations, states, and different elements.
Understanding Investment Banking
guarantee new obligation and value protections for a wide range of organizations, help in the offer of protections, and assist with working with consolidations and acquisitions, rearrangements, and dealer exchanges for the two establishments and confidential financial backers.
Speculation banks likewise give direction to guarantors in regards to the issue and situation of stock.
Numerous enormous speculation banking frameworks are associated with or auxiliaries of bigger financial establishments, and many have become easily recognized names, the biggest being Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Deutsche Bank.
As a general rule, banks aid enormous, confounded monetary exchanges. They might give exhortation on how much an organization is worth and how best to structure an arrangement in the event that the venture financier’s client is thinking about a procurement, consolidation, or deal. It might likewise incorporate the giving of protections for the purpose of fund-raising for the client gatherings and making the documentation for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) important for an organization to open up to the world.
Investment banks utilize venture brokers who help enterprises, states, and different gatherings plan and oversee huge activities, saving their clients time and cash by distinguishing chances related with the task before the client pushes ahead.
In principle, speculation financiers are specialists who have their finger on the beat of the ongoing money management environment, so organizations and establishments go to venture banks for guidance on how best to design their turn of events, as speculation brokers can fit their suggestions to the current situation with monetary undertakings.
Basically, investment banks act as mediators between an organization and financial backers when the organization needs to give stock or bonds. The venture bank helps with evaluating monetary instruments to expand income and with exploring administrative prerequisites.
Frequently, when an organization holds its first sale of stock (IPO), an investment bank will purchase all or quite a bit of that organization’s portions straightforwardly from the organization. Thusly, as an intermediary for the organization holding the IPO, the venture bank will sell the offers available.
This makes things a lot more straightforward for the actual organization, as they successfully contract out the IPO to the speculation bank.
Besides, the speculation bank stands to create a gain, as it will for the most part value its portions at a markup from the cost it at first paid. In doing as such, it likewise takes on a significant measure of hazard. However experienced examiners utilize their aptitude to precisely value the stock admirably well, the speculation bank can lose cash on the arrangement on the off chance that it turns out it has exaggerated the stock, as for this situation, it will frequently need to sell the stock for short of what it at first paid for it.
Illustration of Investment Banking
Assume that Pete’s Paints Co., a chain providing paints and other equipment, needs to open up to the world. Pete, the proprietor, reaches out to Jose, a speculation financier working for a bigger venture banking firm. Pete and Jose figure out an agreement wherein Jose (for his firm) consents to purchase 100,000 portions of Pete’s Paints for the organization’s IPO at the cost of $24 per share, a cost at which the venture bank’s examiners showed up after cautious thought.
The venture bank pays $2.4 million for the 100,000 offers and, in the wake of recording the fitting administrative work, starts selling the stock for $26 per share. However, the venture bank can’t sell over 20% of the offers costing this much and is compelled to diminish the cost to $23 per share to sell the leftover offers.
For the IPO manage Pete’s Paints, then, the speculation bank has made $2.36 million [(20,000 x $26) + (80,000 x $23) = $520,000 + $1,840,000 = $2,360,000]. At the end of the day, Jose’s firm has lost $40,000 on the arrangement since it exaggerated Pete’s Paints.
Venture banks will frequently rival each other for getting IPO projects, which can drive them to expand the value they will pay to protect the arrangement with the organization that is opening up to the world. On the off chance that opposition is especially wild, this can prompt a significant catastrophe for the speculation bank’s primary concern.
Most frequently, nonetheless, there will be more than one speculation bank endorsing protections along these lines, instead of only one. While this implies that every speculation bank has less to acquire, it likewise implies that every one will have decreased risk.
What Do Investment Banks Do?
All things considered, banks aid huge, confounded monetary exchanges. They might give exhortation on how much an organization is worth and how best to structure an arrangement on the off chance that the venture broker’s client is thinking about an obtaining, consolidation, or deal.
Basically, their administrations incorporate guaranteeing new obligation and value protections for a wide range of organizations, giving guide in the offer of protections, and assisting with working with consolidations and acquisitions, rearrangements, and merchant exchanges for the two foundations and confidential financial backers. They may likewise give protections for of fund-raising for the client gatherings and make the essential Securities and Exchange Commission documentation for an organization to open up to the world.
What Is the Role of Investment Bankers?
Speculation banks utilize venture financiers who help enterprises, states, and different gatherings plan and oversee huge undertakings, saving their clients time and cash by distinguishing gambles related with the task before the client pushes ahead. In principle, venture financiers ought to be specialists who have their finger on the beat of the ongoing money management environment. Organizations and establishments go to venture banks for counsel on how best to design their turn of events and speculation brokers, utilizing their aptitude, tailor their suggestions to the current situation with monetary undertakings.
What Is an Initial Public Offering (IPO)?
A first sale of stock (IPO) alludes to the most common way of offering portions of a confidential enterprise to general society in another stock issuance. Public offer issuance permits an organization to raise capital from public financial backers. Organizations should meet prerequisites by trades and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to hold a first sale of stock (IPO). Organizations employ speculation banks to endorse their IPOs. The financiers are engaged with each part of the IPO an expected level of investment, report readiness, recording, promoting, and issuance.
Gain proficiency with the Basics of Trading and Investing
Hoping to look into exchanging and money management? Regardless of your learning style, there are a very sizable amount of courses to kick you off. With Udemy, you’ll have the option to pick courses showed by genuine specialists and learn at your own speed, with lifetime access on portable and work area. You’ll likewise have the option to dominate the rudiments of day exchanging, choice spreads, and that’s just the beginning. Figure out more about Udemy and begin today. | <urn:uuid:948c8606-1282-49fe-a681-b0d50ab29c53> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.janesdiaryspeaks.com/investment-banking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334912.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220926144455-20220926174455-00749.warc.gz | en | 0.940564 | 1,517 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Volvo Photo Locations Part 213
The Øresund/Öresund Bridge (Danish: Øresundsbroen [ˈøːɐsɔnˀsˈb̥ɔn̩], Swedish: Öresundsbron [œːrəˈsɵnːdsˈbruːn], hybrid name: Ø̈resundsbron) is a combined railway and motorway bridge across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark. The bridge runs nearly 8 kilometres (5 miles) from the Swedish coast to the artificial island of Peberholm in the middle of the strait. The crossing is completed by the 4 km (2.5-mile) Drogden Tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager.
The Øresund Bridge is the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe and connects two major metropolitan areas: Copenhagen, the Danish capital city, and the Swedish city of Malmö. It connects the road and rail networks of the Scandinavian Peninsula with those of Central and Western Europe. A data cable also makes the bridge the backbone of internet data transmission between central Europe and Sweden/Finland.
The international European route E20 crosses via road, the Oresund Line via railway. The construction of the Great Belt Fixed Link, connecting Zealand to Funen and thence to the Jutland Peninsula, and the Øresund Bridge have connected Central and Western Europe to Scandinavia by road and rail. The Øresund Bridge was designed by the Danish engineering firm COWI. The justification for the additional expenditure and complexity related to digging a tunnel for part of the way, rather than raising that section of the bridge, was to avoid interfering with air traffic from the nearby Copenhagen Airport, to provide a clear channel for ships in good weather or bad, and to prevent ice floes from blocking the strait. The Øresund Bridge crosses the border between Denmark and Sweden, but in accordance with the Schengen Agreement and the Nordic Passport Union, there are usually no passport inspections. There are random customs checks at the entrance toll booths entering Sweden, but not when entering Denmark. Since January 2016, checks have become significantly more stringent due to the European migrant crisis. | <urn:uuid:b23d9a20-b82c-47ae-a538-d8b0e7ad007e> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.fijen.se/wordpress/2016/06/25/o%CC%88resundsbron-near-malmo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249556231.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190223223440-20190224005440-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.928577 | 477 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The term “sexual harassment” is in constant use these days. Hardly a day goes by without a new story about a politician, celebrity, athlete, businessman, or even judge being accused of it. But what exactly does the term “sexual harassment” mean?
The term means something different in the law than it does in ordinary conversation. If we hear an employee made a sexually inappropriate comment in front of coworkers, or hear that he told a sexually explicit joke in the workplace, we are likely to say or think, “That’s sexual harassment.” And most people would understand what we mean, and would agree with our description.
But that’s not what the law means when analyzing a court case of “sexual harassment.”
Why the difference? And what is the legal definition of “sexual harassment?”
Basically, there are two types of sexual harassment under the law. One is called “quid pro quo.” This is a Latin phrase meaning “this for that.” In a quid pro quo case of harassment, the receipt of employment benefits (such as keeping one’s job, getting a promotion, etc.) is made to hinge on granting sexual favors. A classic case of quid pro quo sexual harassment would be an employee being fired because she wouldn’t go out with her boss. The conditioning of benefits in a quid pro quo case doesn’t have to be explicit. In fact, it rarely is. More often the “quid pro quo” is implied, rather than stated openly. Either way, it is completely illegal.
The other type of sexual harassment is called a “hostile work environment.” In this case, the employee is not pressured to give in to sexual advances in order to keep her job or obtain benefits, but rather is subject to a pattern of inappropriate behavior in the workplace. The behavior is usually sexual in nature, and has the effect of causing employees of a certain gender – usually women – to feel threatened, humiliated, or harassed at work. Examples include physical acts like unwanted touching, and non-physical behavior like lewd comments or “jokes,” and the display of sexuality explicit material.
A legal case for a “hostile work environment” requires that the offensive behavior be “severe or pervasive.” The occasional inappropriate joke or comment usually will not – by itself – be enough to create what the law considers a hostile work environment. But if it is happening every other day it can be a different story. And if the behavior crosses over into the physical – unwelcome touching or assault, for instance – or if the language used is physically threatening, a “hostile work environment” can be created by even a single act.
These lines – such as between what is “severe or pervasive” and what isn’t – can sometimes be difficult to see. Both employees and employers should reach out to qualified employment counsel to understand these issues and protect their rights. Now more than ever. | <urn:uuid:8cafaa58-4437-429e-bdbe-bc7fad762c4d> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://finneylawfirm.com/ohio-employment-law-exactly-sexual-harassment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038060603.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411000036-20210411030036-00184.warc.gz | en | 0.963766 | 634 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Women and Land in the Muslim World. Pathways to increase access to land for the realization of development, peace and human rights
This publication provides practical and evidence-based guidance on how to improve women’s access to land as an essential element to achieve social and economic development and enjoyment of human rights, peace and stability in the specific context of the Muslim world. The challenges faced by women living in Muslim contexts do not substantially differ
from those faced by women in other parts of the world: socially prescribed gender roles, unequal power dynamics, discriminatory family practices, unequal access to justice are the most common. However, 20 per cent of the world’s population is Muslim and certain land-related patterns reflecting customary and religious practices emerge as common elements that create context-specific opportunities to meet these challenges.
This publication investigates these common elements, reviews international frameworks and national laws, and analyses a wide range of country experiences. Different tenure options are compared and special attention is given to the protection of women’s land rights through inheritance and at the time of marriage, when the land and property regime of the family is redefined. Legal and administrative reforms, access to justice, credit and microfinance are presented as important conditions for change. Particular emphasis is put on the protection of displaced women’s land and housing rights. | <urn:uuid:91b9e030-4970-4f52-9590-f858e0041ed3> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://knowledge.unccd.int/publications/women-and-land-muslim-world-pathways-increase-access-land-realization-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107894426.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027170516-20201027200516-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.927005 | 269 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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AutoCAD 2011: Migrating from Windows to Mac with Jeff Bartels covers the fundamental differences between the 2011 Mac OS X version of AutoCAD and the venerable PC edition, allowing designers to leverage existing AutoCAD skills and easily transition to the new environment. This course runs through both a typical 2D and 3D design workflow, covering its workspace, tools, customization options, and strategies users can apply working in a mixed Windows and Mac environment. Exercise files are included with the course.
The Mac edition of AutoCAD contains the same 3-D functionality as the Windows version. This means you can leverage your existing 3-D skills to produce accurate and compelling conceptual designs. In this lesson we are going to run through a typical 3-D workflow. On my screen I have drawing of a mechanical part; this geometry represents a plastic pedal similar to what you'd see on a child's bicycle. As you can see we have a top view and two section views as well as a 3D view of the object.
I'd like to construct his part as a solid model and as I do that I'll be referring to this geometry for my dimensions. Let's start by splitting the screen in half. To do that I will open Viewport menu and I'll come over and select to vertical then I will click to ensure that the focus is in this view on the right and I will center this geometry on screen. Next I'll click in his view on the left and I'll pane this geometry over to give myself some room.
Configuring the screen this way allows me to work in 3-D while still being able to see the dimensions. Since we were working in 3D, I am going to make sure that the modeling tool Set is Current and I'll start by creating a rectangle that represents the overall shape of the part. I will launch the Rectangle command I'll click to specify my first corner and then I'll right-click I'm going to use the Dimensions option. I know this rectangle has a length of 2.75 and it has a width of 2.
I will then click on screen to finish the rectangle. Let's zoom in and I'll center this in the view, next I am going to fill up these ends if I look over here I can see I'm going to be using a Radius of 0.4. Let's launch Fillet command I'll right-click and select Radius I will enter the value of 0.4 and press Return and then I'll click this edge this one I'll press my Spacebar to go back into the command and I'll select this one and this one.
Let's go back in the Fillet and I'll change the Radius. This time will use a radius of 0.2. I will select this edge this one I will press Spacebar and I will do this edge this one. Now let's offset the shape looks like I can use a Distance of 0.15. If I come over the tool Set the Offset command doesn't appear to be readily available exactly right down here, if I click the arrow we can find in the Copy group.
I will enter a Distance of 0.15 and press Return I offset this geometry to the inside and I'll press Esc. All right now that the base of the part is finished I'm going to hold my Shift key and the scroll wheel and I'll orbit this drawing such that I can see it in 3D space. Now I am going to be constructing this part as a solid model and the tools associated with solid modeling are at the top of the tool Set palette. If I were creating this part using surfaces I could use this next group of tools a little farther down.
At this point you may be wondering where the Mesh tools are. The tools for creating and editing meshes are only found in the pull down menus. If I open the Draw menu and select 3D modeling I can find the Mesh creation commands right here. If I open the modify menu, you can find the Mesh editing commands right here. All right let's get back to work; I would like to extrude this outer boundary to match the height of my part. So I will launch the Extrude command I'll select this geometry and press Return and I will pull this up a height of 0.62.
I am going to re-launch Extrude by pressing the Spacebar and I will select this inner geometry and I'll pull this up a height of 0.26. I'm getting that measurement from right here in Section B-B. Next I will launch the Copy command and I like to copy this new extrusion. I will copy it from the endpoint here and I'll pull this up that mean lock my Ortho. I'll pull the straight up a distance of 0.36.
When I am finished I will press Esc. At this point I'm going to change the visual style to Shaded with edges to make my solid little easier to read on screen. I'm going to click and hold on this icon to open up the Boolean commands and I'll select Subtract and will then select the large outer object and press Return and then I'll make a window selection to grab the two inner parts and all press Return.
That removes their volume from the overall part. Next I'd like to tackle the cylindrical shape that runs across the part, to create the shape of using a solid primitive but before I launch the command let's check some of our settings. I am going to expand this status bar and I want to make sure that my Dynamic UCS is turned on. This will ensure that my UCS will align itself to the geometry. Take a look to this icon in the end, this guy represents a 3D running object snaps.
I'm going to click to turn this on and then I'll right-click on it and make sure that center of face is selected it should be by default. Okay, now let we finished our housekeeping, I am going to move up and launch this Cylinder command. I will orbit the geometry around and I would like to start my cylinder at the center of this face. The cylinder has a radius of 0.31 and I am going to pull this all the way through the part a distance of 2.75.
Now let's union these objects together. I'll launch the Union command I'll select both objects and all press Return. Let's orbit is back around. I'm going to create another cylinder on this end. We'll snap it right to the center. This cylinder has a diameter of 0.5. So I'll right-click and select diameter. I'll enter 0.5 and press Return and this guy has a height of 0.1. Let's union these parts together.
Once again I'll launch the Union command and I'll select my geometry and press Return. Finally I need to drill a hole in this pedal. I am going to use this Cylinder option again. I will snap my cylinder to the center of this face. This cylinder has a diameter of 0.35. I will pull this through the part a distance of 2.5 and I'll press Return. Now to create the whole, I will subtract the geometry from the overall part, now select the part and press Return and then I'll select my cylinder and press Return.
Now that the part is finished, let's set this drawing back to a single viewport. I will do that by opening the Viewports menu and select Maximize Viewport and to give this drawing more of a dynamic appearance I am going to right-click on the view cube and I'll select a Perspective View. As you can see the Mac edition of AutoCAD has the same intuitive 3D toolset as the Windows version, this means you can easily leverage your existing skills and quickly move your conceptual designs into the world of 3D.
There are currently no FAQs about AutoCAD 2011: Migrating from Windows to Mac.
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Organic refers to the way agricultural products are processed and grown. There are various requirements to be met and maintained in order to be labeled as “organic”. Organic food has became increasingly popular in recent years, with greater encouragement by the government for a healthier society.
Making a commitment to healthy eating is a great start towards a healthier life. Here, lets’ explore some of the benefits of having organic food in singapore.
- Organic food contains fewer pesticides, chemicals that are used in conventional food, and its residue remains on the food we eat.
- Organic food is often fresher because it does not contain any preservatives, thus the ability to taste better as well.
- Organic farming protects our environment, by reducing pollution, water conservation, increasing soil fertility and lesser energy.
- Organic food is GMO free, meaning the DNA of plants are not modified by scientists in any way.
In summary, taking organic food or leading a vegetarian lifestyle provides a variety of benefits, with studies indicating that such food have more beneficial nutrients, antioxidants. Individuals with food allergies often find their symptoms go away when they eat organic food. | <urn:uuid:3ab97bfe-1033-4ffa-9af3-f5967b938c94> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.greennatural.com.sg/organic-food-in-singapore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988966.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20210509092814-20210509122814-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.961856 | 232 | 2.71875 | 3 |
the quality of being brought into conformity with nature
the proceeding whereby a foreigner is granted citizenship
the introduction of animals or plants to places where they flourish but are not indigenous
changing the pronunciation of a borrowed word to agree with the borrowers' phonology
"the naturalization in English of many Italian words"
The action of naturalizing somebody.
The admission or adoption of foreign words or customs into general use.
The introduction and establishment of an animal or plant into a place where it is not indigenous.
the act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized
Origin: [Cf. F. naturalisation.]
Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship and nationality by somebody who was not a citizen of that country. In general, basic requirements for naturalization are that the applicant hold a legal status as a full-time resident for a minimum period of time and that the applicant promise to obey and uphold that country's laws, to which an oath or pledge of allegiance is sometimes added. Some countries also require that a naturalized national must renounce any other citizenship that they currently hold, forbidding dual citizenship, but whether this renunciation actually causes loss of the person's original citizenship will again depend on the laws of the countries involved. Nationality is traditionally based either on jus soli or on jus sanguinis, although it now usually mixes both. Whatever the case, the massive increase in population flux due to globalization and the sharp increase in the numbers of refugees following World War I created an important class of non-citizens called stateless persons. In some rare cases, procedures of mass naturalization were passed. As naturalization laws were created to deal with the rare case of people separated from their nation state because they lived abroad, western democracies were not ready to naturalize the massive influx of stateless people which followed massive denationalizations and the expulsion of ethnic minorities from newly created nation states in the first part of the 20th century, but they also counted the Russians who had escaped the 1917 October Revolution and the war communism period, and then the Spanish refugees. As Hannah Arendt pointed out, internment camps became the "only nation" of such stateless people, since they were often considered "undesirable" and were stuck in an illegal situation.
The numerical value of naturalization in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
The numerical value of naturalization in Pythagorean Numerology is: 1
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"naturalization." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2018. Web. 23 Jan. 2018. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/naturalization>. | <urn:uuid:aeb79191-4fcf-4515-ba4c-1aca7555c046> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.definitions.net/definition/naturalization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084891750.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123052242-20180123072242-00495.warc.gz | en | 0.905987 | 653 | 3.328125 | 3 |
What’s different about the HG approach to therapy?
People often ask how the human givens approach differs from other therapeutic approaches. The Professional Standards Authority did too when they were first assessing the HGI’s therapists register for accreditation. This is what we told them.
The human givens approach to psychotherapy and counselling is a brief, solution-focused approach, which helps people feel better and move on in their lives as quickly as possible – at its heart is the understanding that, when a human being’s essential emotional needs are met and their innate mental resources are being used correctly, they will be emotionally and mentally healthy.
...it helps an unprecedented three out of four clients achieve significant improvement or cure, usually in between one and six sessions (1)
Our essential psychological needs, which have been identified over decades of work by health and social psychologists, include our needs for autonomy, a sense of control, security, connection to others, attention, achievement, status and meaning. Our innate resources – also a given of being human and much studied by neuroscientists – include our abilities to learn from experience, plan, judge, imagine, relate one thing to another, empathise, develop a moral sense, remember, etc.
It is when our emotional needs are not being adequately met, or are being met in unhealthy ways, or when innate resources are damaged for any reason, or are unintentionally misused, that we develop undesirable mental states such as anxiety, anger, depression, addiction and psychosis. A common feature of all these states, for example, is the misuse of our imagination to conjure up worst possible or threatening scenarios.
The key difference
What makes the human givens approach different from other therapy approaches is that its therapists look to see what is missing, or being misused, in clients’ lives, with the aim of helping them find ways to better meet their needs.
For instance, someone who has been bereaved may seek to mask their sadness through drinking, and then try to mask the drinking by withdrawing from their usual activities and friendships, resulting in depression; similarly, someone who is laid off work with a back injury may, wrongly, become frightened to take any exercise and, as a result, not only lose companionship at work but cease to take part in previously enjoyed physical activities, resulting in increased physical disability, isolation and depression. While the symptoms of depression in such scenarios are important as guides, it is the learning of coping skills and making specific life changes that will shift the depression.
To do this – and to help with any other presenting problem – human givens therapists draw from a variety of tried and tested therapeutic methods (such as cognitive therapy, behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy, solution focused approaches, motivational interviewing, reflective listening and hypnotherapy) as well as the latest neuroscientific findings and new insights derived from the HG approach which increase our knowledge of what it means to be human and our understanding of what people need to maintain emotional wellbeing.
Holistic, integrative and flexible
Thus, helping people to change unhelpful thinking styles (cognitive) will be just one part of a holistic process that also involves, usually all in one session, giving psycho-education (eg. explaining the experience of anxiety and depression in a way that normalises it and takes the fear out of it – this includes an understanding of the role of dreaming in depression); helping clients take a different perspective on their situation (through the use of reframing, metaphor and storytelling); problem solving (helping clients recognise times when they are not experiencing problems, what is different about those times, and how they can build on that); teaching whatever skills are required (for instance social skills, communication skills, assertiveness skills); and rehearsing making desired changes successfully (through guided imagery).
Highly practical and forward-focused
It is a practical, forward-focused approach, which concentrates on mastery of skills and understandings that people can use in the future to move on in their lives, rather than concentrating on, and being stuck in, what went wrong in the past.
This is the case even if people have suffered horrific traumatising events and are suffering from flashbacks and/or PTSD – all human givens therapists are taught a safe and reliably effective, evidence-based method for detraumatising people, which in most cases works in one session.
Instead of being reliant on one ‘model’ of therapy, therefore, the human givens approach is fluid and flexible, making use of whatever techniques and approaches will best suit the particular client being worked with, and all within the guiding framework of helping clients meet missing emotional needs and use innate mental resources in the healthiest ways possible.
Effective and empowering
The success of this fluidity of approach is evidenced by research findings that show it helps an unprecedented three out of four clients achieve significant improvement or cure, usually in between one and six sessions.1
Clients also leave therapy with greater resilience against future setbacks, as they have increased understanding of what they need to maintain their emotional health and practical ways in which to do so.
1. Andrews, W P, Wislocki, A P, Short, F, Chow, D and Minami, T (2013). A 5-year evaluation of human givens therapy using a practice research network. Mental Health Review Journal, 18, 3, 165–76.
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Take a moment to read about what our HG Diploma graduates have gone on to achieve…Find out more | <urn:uuid:1a712b29-7c1e-4831-8ce9-3cdc427ae940> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.humangivens.com/human-givens/human-givens-therapy/hg-approach-difference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060877.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928153533-20210928183533-00279.warc.gz | en | 0.953538 | 1,138 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Ungu Capoeira Cord System
Aluno to Mestre
Crua: Initiante - Beginner
First cord given to the student at their batizado ("baptism" in capoeira), it’s their first time entering a formal roda and playing with an experienced teacher. The student may or may not receive a nickname that they will be known by inside capoeira.
Verde e Crua: Aluno - Innocence
In this phase of innocence the student searches to learn the movements and the instruments of capoeira without much need for commitment.
Verde: Aluno - Awakening
Already becoming more engaged with capoeira the student awakens, inspired to taking capoeira more seriously.
Amarela e verde: Aluno - Consciousness
In this phase the student starts to become conscious of the rituals of capoeira and its mysteries.
Amarela: Aluno - Expansion
The student is in the phase of preparing to become an advanced student, expanding their knowledge by searching out more information and more actively trying to find out more about capoeira.
Azul e Verde: Aluno Avançado - Resilience
Because it is a high level, this phase before becoming a graduate student, there are more expectations placed on the student. Because of this many students will give up so it requires resilience to continue.
Azul: Graduado - Perseverance
As a graduate student, they have more freedom but at the same time more responsibility. They need perseverance towards the difficulties that will come along in the journey ahead.
Marrom e Preta: Instrutor - Unknown Lands
Already taking classes the instructor is in new territory where they need to be calm and patient to make good decisions in their teaching.
Marrom: Professor - Resistance
After years of resistance the teacher has grown roots of knowledge that will never be forgotten, passing this knowledge on with respect and humility.
Vermelha e Preta: Mestrando - Warrior
The warrior who, even with all their challenges keeps on fighting with wisdom, resilience and love of the art.
After much sweat and sacrifice they are recognised for their work, their years of dedication and contribution to the art, by the community and their capoeira mestre.
Branca e Vermelha: Wisdom
This phase symbolises the blood of the black slave shed in search of freedom, the graduation in which with all their acquired experience seeks to show students the best way forward, the best attitude to adopt inside and outside of capoeira in their different contexts.
Cord acquired after the age of 50 and a minimum of 40 years of practice. | <urn:uuid:803e1ee2-f460-46d5-b107-0ef24f652348> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.ungucapoeira.com/blank-page | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662522556.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518215138-20220519005138-00198.warc.gz | en | 0.933352 | 568 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Zachary Sanderson knows it was a concussion that sidelined his high school coursework and ended his football career. More precisely, it was a series of concussions, culminating in one play that delivered three blows to his head.
Reporter Joe Zavala presented a detailed account of Sanderson's struggle to come back from that head injury in a story in Tuesday's paper. Unable to attend regular classes because of debilitating headaches and inability to concentrate, Sanderson eventually earned his GED, and now is enrolled part-time at Rogue Community College.
Not every high school football player sustains this kind of debilitating injury, and many apparently escape lasting effects from the repeated collisions that are part of the game. But there is increasing evidence of professional football players suffering chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which causes long-term impairment and, in some cases, leads to suicide.
A study of the brains of 111 deceased National Football League players recently showed 110 of them suffered from CTE.
The risk is clear, but the data is still too limited to make sweeping conclusions. There is no conclusive evidence — yet — that high school football poses the same risk.
Still, participation in youth football programs is declining as parents steer their children into less violent sports. Coaches and trainers are working to make the game safer, but unclear how effective that will be.
In the meantime, parents and their children will have to weigh the risks as best they can, and make a difficult decision. | <urn:uuid:7ca6c79b-abd6-49d3-b981-fa05c486304e> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://dailytidings.com/news/top-stories/editorial-weighing-the-risk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583511744.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018063902-20181018085402-00240.warc.gz | en | 0.981476 | 302 | 2.65625 | 3 |
A review of With Malice Toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era by William A. Blair (University of North Carolina Press, 2014) and Secession on Trial: The Treason Prosecution of Jefferson Davis by Cynthia Nicoletti (Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Was the act of secession in 1860-61 treason? This is one of the more important and lasting questions of the War. If so, then the lenient treatment of Confederate officers, political figures, and even the soldiers themselves following the War was a great gesture of magnanimity by a conquering foe never seen in the annals of Western Civilization. If not, then the entire War was an illegal and unconstitutional invasion of a foreign government with the express objective of maintaining a political community by force, an act that represented the antithesis of the American belief in self-government regardless of Abraham Lincoln’s professed admiration for government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”
With Malice toward Som…
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Until recently, the modern academy has not given the topic much scholarly attention. Post war discussions of secession and treason were best addressed in what is now classified as “Lost Cause Mythology.” Historians regularly cast aside works by Albert Taylor Bledsoe, Jefferson Davis, and Alexander H. Stephens as examples of special pleading written by sore losers determined on refocusing the narrative away from slavery. Most mainstream historical literature considered it a foregone conclusion that the War was a “righteous cause” to forge a new union, as many of the Radical Republicans professed during Reconstruction. The South had been defeated, its… | <urn:uuid:e6eb75c5-e549-4758-9ea1-4627560373de> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://rinf.com/alt-news/newswire/secession-lewrockwell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250611127.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123160903-20200123185903-00034.warc.gz | en | 0.952297 | 365 | 3.140625 | 3 |
ata1515 is a student of history, focusing on the modern, medieval, and ancient histories of Europe.
The Medieval Man
John of Gaunt was an extraordinary man who lived at the end of an era. With the close of the medieval ages, nobles changed the identity that had been created by them for a medieval aristocrat and became renaissance nobility. John of Gaunt was the last medieval man, as described in The Last Knight by Norman Cantor.
Throughout the medieval Era, chivalry dominated the great courts of Europe, and the English court was no exception to this. Chivalry was the primary means by which men and women interacted throughout the medieval era. John of Gaunt had several relationships with different women throughout his life. Cantor contends that Gaunt was a serial monogamist that married each of his wives for different reasons, and had different relationships with each. These relationships helped to enforce his medieval status.
Gaunt married his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, as a means to gain estate. Despite the primary cause of the marriage being inheritance Gaunt’s first marriage was successful. With this first wife Gaunt was a truly medieval man, by revering his wife, and creating an elaborate tomb for her in London. This was the only wife that was to be treated in a proper chivalric fashion.
Gaunt’s second wife, Constance, was married solely as a diplomatic ploy to gain land in Spain, as Gaunt was second in line to the throne of England. In his treatment of Constance, Gaunt was not genteel at all. The noble courts of the time allowed noblemen to carry on with mistresses, so long as they treated their established wives with dignity. Gaunt did not carry on this tradition. He allowed his wife Constance to die alone in a castle and then he legitimized his bastard children by his mistress. Cantor believes this is one of the points in which Gaunt was unlike his fellow medieval noblemen. This is an accurate portrayal of medieval noblemen, because their bastard children were often forced to go into clerical work, or merchant work when they did not inherent anything.
A Leader of Men
John of Gaunt was a warrior at heart. In this manner he was completely a medieval man. His occupation was as a knight, an icon of chivalry and the middle ages if there ever was one. Gaunt’s training began early in his life like most knights, but because of the Hundred Years War Gaunt was placed into the battlefield at an early age. This would have a profound effect on the rest of his life.
The Duke was more than just a fighter, he was a general. He would have had many knights that fought underneath him, serving him in times of war and peace. This is the action of a medieval man, as opposed to a renaissance prince. The English army under Gaunt would have been trained knights and men-at-arms owing personal loyalty to the Duke. Cantor goes into great detail to explain how Gaunt was able to keep this entire military machine moving, by using hundreds of trained bureaucrats.
An important factor in the medieval world of Gaunt was the giving of gifts to his supporters. Unlike the renaissance period to follow Gaunt’s death, the people underneath Gaunt were directly loyal to him, and not to the nation as a whole. The Duke could have given his followers anything from deer, to simply having them feast with him.
The Dukes’ warrior habits led him down as far as the Iberian Peninsula in his quest for glory. Because of the marriage to Constance, Gaunt had a claim on the Castilian throne, and he led an army down to Spain to uphold that claim. The Gaunt did not properly fund an army to take Castile seems rather mysterious. Cantor claims that it was because Gaunt had family concerns. This seems to be an odd conclusion, as victory in Spain would have secured Castile and Lancaster under the Dukes realm, while his Nephew ruled England, and his son-in-law ruled in Portugal. This would have secured great glory for the Duke, and immense security for his line.
It would seem that Gaunt gave up Castile for a different reason. Maybe it was because of his loyalty to the King, as Cantor describes. It would appear that despite the Dukes bureaucratic capabilities, and personal combat ability, he was never able to secure a genuine military victory. In his older age, perhaps the Duke determined it would be easier to simply cut his losses, and leave Spain with whatever he could.
Involvement With the Church
In many ways Gaunt was a medieval man, but in his early views towards the Church, he was deeply radical. His early support for Wyclif and his Lollards was something that a medieval man, who was supposedly loyal to King and Church, did not do. Gaunt’s patronage of these heretical views would not become common among nobles until the Protestant Reformation.
In his later life, Gaunt left the Lollards for a more conservative group of monks. This seems to be more in line with what Medieval nobles would support, as the clergy typically helped to support the nobles. Cantor states that “[Gaunt] could not conceive of the Church... being other than highly beneficial.” Gaunt’s support for the Carmelites may have simply been a means to look out for himself, and his family as he became elderly.
In his role as a Duke, John of Gaunt imposed a great many taxes on the peasantry. He seems to have been very efficient in this work, as the peasants singled out his manor in London to burn down during the Peasant Revolt of 1381. That even helps to establish Gaunt as a leading aristocrat, the primary Medieval Man of his time.
John of Gaunt was a knight, a patron of arts, bureaucrat, and lover. He followed the code of Chivalry until his death, fighting wars until he was too old to carry on. His actions prove him to be one of the worlds last Medieval Men. Norman Cantors’ book, The Last Knight helps to illuminate the era and times in which Gaunt lived, and how he lived up to the role of a Medieval Man.
Norman F. Cantor writes with a descriptive and flowing style that helps to move along the narrative that he is presenting for his reader. Cantor’s book The Last Knight provides a beautiful narrative to describe the life of John of Gaunt while being suitable for lay readers.
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Robert Sacchi on January 30, 2018:
Thank you for the answer and the Hub.
ata1515 (author) from Buffalo, New York. on January 30, 2018:
In some specifics John differed from his contemporaries, such as his religious beliefs, but he was largely a relic of a passing age. Thanks for stopping by Robert!
Robert Sacchi on January 29, 2018:
A detailed article about a historical figure. Were there signs of the change from medieval to renaissance times in John of Gaunt himself?
Just History from England on April 12, 2012:
Interesting- I noted this as our pub is named after the John of Gaunt- I am not sure that the regulars know why. Also because we don't have a church building we hold our Sunday meetings in the pub- guess old John would have been happy about that!
GerardNielsen on June 25, 2011:
Great review! Yet another to add to my growing list of books to read...
Derek James from South Wales on May 17, 2011:
A good summary of John of Gaunt. Voted up. | <urn:uuid:e43e0cc6-c81e-4ece-b75f-5a487ed5e14c> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://owlcation.com/humanities/John-of-Gaunt-the-Last-Medieval-Knight-A-review-of-Norman-Cantors-The-Last-Knight | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107889651.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20201025183844-20201025213844-00653.warc.gz | en | 0.990799 | 1,587 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Acne and Bacteria
Although acne is not contagious, some bacteria play a central role in the progression of the skin disease. Find out which bacteria cause acne and how to treat bacterial acne.
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that first appears during puberty and then disappears later with treatment. Some people, however, still experience acne long into adulthood.
Acne is differentiated from other skin diseases by the lesions that appear on the skin.
These lesions include comedones such as whiteheads and blackheads; pustules and papules; nodules and cysts. Acne also causes seborrhea which refers to the red, scaly appearance of the skin as well as scars especially in its severe forms.
Acne affects the areas of the skin with the highest concentration of sebaceous follicles. Therefore, it mostly affects the face, neck, upper chest and back. However, severe acne can also spread to other parts of the body such as upper arms, thighs and buttocks.
There are different causes of acne including genetics, stress, diets, drugs and diseases but these causes are presentations of two interconnected root causes:
Both causes are interwoven and anti-acne medications treat either or both causes.
Acne vulgaris is not an infectious disease even though it can be caused by some bacteria.
The types of microbes that can cause acne are those that can colonize and multiply in the follicular ducts. There are only a few microorganisms capable of this feat.
Melassezia can be excluded from this discussion for 2 reasons. First, it is not a bacteria species but a fungi species. Secondly, acne does not respond to anti-fungal therapy, therefore, this fungus must not play an important role in the formation and progression of acne.
Both staphylococcus and peptostreptococcus bacteria are difficult to treat because they develop resistance to antibiotics very quickly (usually within the first week of antibiotic therapy).
However, one of the 3 most important acne-causing bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermis, belongs in this family.
Propionibacterium bacteria are the most studied microbes in acne research. The two prime examples of this bacteria family are P. acnes and P. granulosum.
The population of acne-causing bacteria increases sharply following the production of excess sebum. This is because sebum is the ideal growth environment for these bacteria.
While some of the excess sebum pushed towards the skin surface is trapped inside skin pores, this give rise to comedones such as whiteheads and blackheads. However, some acne-causing bacteria colonizing the follicular ducts are also trapped alongside.
The bacteria trapped along with sebum in comedones produce enzymes that break down fat.
By producing proinflammatory lipids from sebum, these bacteria not only sustain the growth of acne comedones but also cause the deep tissue damage in the dermis that leads to the appearance of inflammatory acne bodies such as papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.
In a self-sustaining cycle involving acne-causing bacteria and excess sebum production, acne vulgaris progresses rapidly.
These bacteria cause an endless wave of inflammation through multiple means. For example, they not only produce inflammatory lipids but also antigens that trigger inflammatory immune reactions.
Bacteria also increase the rate of keratinization. This means that they cause the damage of keratinocytes and accelerate the breakdown of keratin. Therefore, there is a massive increase in the production of dead skin cells.
Propionibacterium acnes is the most important of all the acne-causing bacteria.
It is a non-motile, rod-shaped, anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that is known to break down sugar into propionic acid. P. acnes is the chief bacteria colonizing the parts of the skin with high concentrations of sebaceous glands.
P. acnes is not newly introduced at the beginning of acne breakouts. Rather, it is a natural resident of the skin and it remains on the skin from birth to death.
It is still not clear whether a mutated strain of P. acnes causes acne and is introduced to the skin later, or whether some of the harmless bacteria become virulent under the conditions created by the changing skin nature associated with adolescence.
However, once the acne-causing strain of P. acnes colonizes the skin, it dominates and contributes to perpetuating the production of excess sebum and all other conditions necessary for its growth.
Acne is not even the only disease associated with P. acnes.
The bacterium is implicated in other skin diseases such as cellulitis, folliculitis, sarcoidosis and Kawasaki disease. It has also been found to contribute to SAPHO and the related musculoskeletal diseases such as osteomyelitis and arthritis.
P. acnes also contributes to endopthalmitis, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, meningitis and gingivitis.
There are two mechanisms by which P. acnes causes acne:
For example, the release of lipases by acne-causing bacteria is responsible for the high content of free fatty acids in the sebum found on the skins of acne sufferers. Lipases convert the triglycerides in sebum to free fatty acids.
P. acnes specifically resist phagocytosis. This means it resist being swallowed by specialized cells of the immune system. Even when swallowed, it can stay virulent inside these cells for a long while waiting to be expelled again.
P. acnes is also directly involved in arousing inflammatory response from the immune system.
There are clear evidences that the antigens produced by this bacterium trigger inflammatory hypersensitivity reactions from the immune system. In fact, antibodies specific to this antigens are seen in large numbers in patients with severe acne.
When P. acnes triggers inflammatory responses, lymphocytes are the first immune cells sent to the acne lesions where the bacterium has caused some damage.
Lymphocytes are sent to the skin when P. acnes damages the keratin cells as well as the cells of the sebaceous glands.
Following this, the immune system sends specialized T cells. Different studies have identified CD4+, CD1+ and CD8+ cells present in acne lesions.
Therefore, P. acnes causes the local inflammation that gives rise to inflammatory acne lesions. It is the immune cells sent to these sites of injury that give rise to the pus filling up some acne lesions.
Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating acne bacteria.
Besides antibiotics, topical antibacterial agents such as benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid may also be used. They are especially combined with antibiotics to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance and prevent treatment failure.
Some of antibiotics commonly used to kill off acne-causing bacteria are:
Since P. acnes and S. epidermis are the 2 most important bacteria in the development of acne, they are also the ones closely studied for antibiotic resistance.
The emergence of antibiotic resistance to these drugs is well charted. For example, there was no resistance to antibiotics from strains of P. acnes in the early 1970s but later in that decade researchers placed the resistance of P. acnes to clindamycin and erythromycin at 20%.
Over the next 2 decades, resistance to these drugs jumped to 70% and in some countries, resistance was as high as 90%.
S. epidermis even showed greater resistance to erythromycin than P. acnes.
However, newer drugs such as minocycline have lower antibiotic resistance but resistance to that antibiotic is rapidly growing. Currently, multi-drug resistant P. acnes and S. epidermis have been found in acne patients who have never even taken antibiotics for their acne breakouts.
Cross-resistance is also becoming common especially between antibiotics in the same class such as erythromycin and clindamycin.
Antibiotic resistance is also spreading from acne-causing bacteria to non-acne-causing bacteria. For example, there are mounting evidences that S. epidermis is transferring the genetic materials that give it antibiotic resistance to S. aureus.
Fortunately, while S. epidermis can transfer its antibiotic resistance through genetic materials, P. acnes can only mutate to gain the ability to resist antibiotics. This means that it takes P. acnes longer to gain antibiotic resistance while S. epidermis can gain the same ability in one generation.
Besides simple antibiotic resistance, there is also the chance of opportunistic infection following long-term antibiotic therapy.
This occurs when the antibiotic has effectively cleared off gram-positive bacteria such as P. acnes. This then leaves room for gram-negative, drug-resistance bacteria.
This effect is responsible for gram-negative folliculitis, a severe form of acne vulgaris.
As antibiotics resistance increases within the population, physicians are shying away from prescribing antibiotics for acne. Those who still prescribe antibiotics usually combine them with topical antiseptic and antibacterial agents.
When antibiotics fail to control acne, physicians usually move on to prescribing topical retinoids such as adapalene or oral retinoids such as isotretinoin or Accutane.
However, retinoids especially isotretinoin, can have very serious side effects and need to be taken only under the close supervision of the prescribing dermatologist.
Natural acne remedies with antibacterial properties are another option for treating bacteria acne. These natural remedies are not only just as effective, they are safer and there is very little chance of bacteria developing resistance to the antibacterial phytochemicals they contain.
Honey is an especially good example of natural antibacterial acne remedy.
Its antibacterial activity is due to a number of factors including the presence of such antibacterial compounds like methylglyoxal or MGO; its ability to dehydrate bacterial cells; and its generation of hydrogen peroxide on the skin surface.
There are also oral acne supplements such as Actimine that are also used for treating bacterial acne.
Actimine, for example, contains minerals such as zinc (which has an antibacterial property), vitamin A (from which powerful anti-acne drugs such as isotretinoin is made), MSM (methylsulfonyl methane) and gum guggul.
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Learn how the natural ingredients in Actimine can help you have clear skin. | <urn:uuid:997c09b6-5a1e-48c6-ad01-4acd4cb394d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.progressivehealth.com/bacteria-acne.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121893.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00347-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910695 | 2,212 | 3.359375 | 3 |
- By detecting and sensing the pressure difference caused by the liquid height
difference, the pressure switch can control the input water volume accurately;
- Precise mechanical structure, good reliability, stability and long use life;
- Wide adaptation, and the operating parameters can be adjusted in a wide range;
- Use air as working medium directly, widely used in various of environment;
- Widely used in home appliance which use water as working medium, such as
dish washer, washing machine, and other similar products. | <urn:uuid:204b8ba1-2992-4826-9ece-0d4e7c6d5554> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | http://demo.gdsaipu.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=212 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178359497.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210227204637-20210227234637-00021.warc.gz | en | 0.900695 | 108 | 2.8125 | 3 |
I teach COG’s Organic Master Gardener course. In it, we cover the science behind organic land care, which is defined as the design, construction and maintenance of landscapes using practices and products that preserve and support the health of ecosystems and human communities.
- plant adaptations in ecosystems,
- the soil ecosystem,
- soil testing and fertility management, and much more.
The course also prepares students to write the Society of Organic Urban Land Care (SOUL) exam for Accredited Organic Land Care Practitioner, an important certificate for those who aren’t able to obtain organic certification for the land on which they work.
When educating people on the value of native plants vs. alien (or non-native) plants, I’m often asked, “Why are we allowing these imports, if they are so dangerous to our natural environments?”
Our history of moving plants around the world, in the name of ‘collecting’, is a hard habit to kick, and a ban on importing plants is highly unlikely. Indeed, nature moves plants around the world all the time, via animals, wind, storms, etc.. but at what consequence?
New plant varieties may be more pleasing, but pleasing for whom, exactly? Dr. Doug Tallamy, Chair of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology at the University of Delaware, and author of Bringing Nature Home, says that selecting for ornamentals creates fragmented, vulnerable, and less diverse populations of microbes, insects, birds, etc., that are more prone to local extinction, in part because of the potential for diseases without natural competitors to be introduced. He has argued that aliens are relatively poor at supporting other local life forms, including soil microbe communities unique to the local environment. In other words, there is no ecologically equivalent choice because planting aliens puts biodiversity –an essential and non-renewable natural resource—at risk.
The landscaping industry is seeing an increased demand for natives. How is it responding? It is now estimated that approximately 75% of “native” plant varieties for sale in Ontario have been grown in Ecuador or Holland—and only 6 to 10% are actually produced within the 100 km mile radius defined as native by the North American Native Plant Society (NANPS). Can plant varieties produced in Ecuador really be considered native, if they are propagated from stock obtained in Oregon? Will these so-called native plants do well in Collingwood, Ontario?
Current research is trying to answer such questions. So far, Ontario Ministry of Transportation plantings along highway corridors are demonstrating that plants bred in the region and not from afar fare significantly better than imported plants of the same variety. However, this result may just demonstrate regional adaptability, since native plants are not being used. Why not natives? Aliens are often more adaptable, quickly establishing themselves on these sites, where soils are often bare and/or disturbed due to construction activity. So aliens are clearly doing Nature’s bidding, but can become invasive, disturbing the local ecology.
This topic is fraught with complex, ethical questions and demands more investigation and education. When is it right to not plant a native? What to do particularly for challenging city or highway environments? Are there alternatives?
At the University of Guelph test gardens, I saw new Nativar (new cultivars crossed with native species) varieties of our native Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed) loaded with Monarch butterfly caterpillars! So it seems we can breed our natives in such a way to preserve ecosystem service integrity; more research is needed, however, to know if Nativars can support diverse communities similarly to their native cousins.
Ultimately, planting motivations should centre on biodiversity and protecting the genetics of our natives so as to continue to support our local ecosystems including plants, birds, insects and microbes. Perhaps we can be persuaded to pause and to research choices better, asking, “Will this choice of alien species best support the environment?”
Our challenge in being involved in evolving our local ecology is to know when to be open to responsible to the introduction of aliens that may eventually become the new natives (indeed, many of our present weeds are aliens which we now call wildflowers). Let’s work closely in this effort with our local, native plant growers. Get to know your native plants better, using the North American Native Plant Association Database!
Society of Organic Urban Land Care Standard, 6th Edition | <urn:uuid:11108061-e391-493a-be5b-06d88617783f> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://magazine.cog.ca/article/using-native-plants-vs-sliens-challenging-our-ethics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583516480.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20181023153446-20181023174946-00136.warc.gz | en | 0.940432 | 917 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Understanding Language – Parents
Young children must learn to understand spoken language in order to develop their use of language. Often young children’s understanding of language is better than their spoken language. A good understanding of spoken language is crucial for a child’s communication development.
As children’s communication skills increase, their vocabulary comprehension develops rapidly and they can understand a wide range of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They can also follow longer and more grammatically complex instructions, e.g. ‘Before you finish off your newspaper article about the science exhibition, you need to make sure your name is on the list for the school trip’.
Around the age of 7, children develop their inferential skills (their ability to ‘read between the lines’ and infer information that is implied but not explicitly stated). They use these inferential skills to make predictions, work out how people are feeling, and answer ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions.
- Use natural gesture, pictures, videos, and demonstrations to help your child with understanding, retention and recall of information.
- Ensure you have your child’s attention BEFORE giving the instruction e.g. say his/her name first and wait for them to look.
- Slow down your spoken delivery and use pauses.
- Be prepared to repeat or rephrase messages.
- Avoid using ambiguous language and non-literal language e.g. idioms.
Babies use contextual clues to understand familiar gestures, words and sounds. They observe and respond to facial expressions. They are learning to stop and look when they hear their own name. They are learning to recognise the voices of familiar adults.
NB. Babies can show they recognise people or objects by getting excited and kicking or moving their arms rapidly.
Children of this age are developing their ability to follow other people’s gestures and pointing.
They are often able to respond to things being said when in a familiar context and with a special person, e.g., ‘where’s Mummy?’, ‘where’s your ear?’. An understanding of single words in context is developing, e.g., ‘cup’, ‘milk’, ‘daddy’.
18 months - 2 years
Children of this age select familiar objects by name and will go and find objects when asked or identify objects from a group. They are able to understand simple phrases (e.g. ‘coat on’, ‘bath time’) but also rely on gestures, pointing and everyday routines to support their understanding. They are beginning to follow instructions containing 2 key pieces of information, (e.g. give me the cup and the ball, where’s big teddy). A child at this stage is beginning understanding language at a two word level.
2-2 1/2 years
Children of this age will be more consistent at following instructions containing 2 key pieces of information, (e.g. give me the cup and the ball, where’s big teddy). They are said to be at the ‘two word level’. Children of this age are able to identify action words by pointing to the right picture, e.g., ‘who’s jumping?’
2 1/2 - 3 1/2 years
Children of this age are beginning to understand ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘where’ in simple questions and are developing an understanding of simple concepts such as big/little.
Children of this age are also able to understand more complex sentences and follow instructions containing three key pieces of information (e.g. ‘put the big apple on the blue plate’, where there are big and little fruit and two different coloured plates). A child at this stage is said to be understanding language at a three word level.
3 1/2 - 4 years
Children of this age are beginning to understand instructions containing 4 key pieces of information (e.g. ‘drive the big green tractor to the farm’, where there are different sized and coloured vehicles, and a range of locations). Children will be starting to understand prepositions ‘under’, ‘on’, ‘top’, and will be able to answer simple ‘who’, ‘what’, and ‘where’ questions. They will be starting to understand concepts such as ‘same’ and ‘different’. Children at this age rely less on clues from the context or environment to support their understanding.
Your child is able to:
- Understand longer 2 part spoken instructions eg: Touch your nose, then your ear
- Understand ‘how’ or ‘why’ questions
- Understand that words can be put into groups or categories, and give examples from each category
- Understand a range of words to describe the idea of time, shape, texture, size and know in which context to use them
- Name objects, characters and animals from a description
- Use words more specifically to make meaning clear children at this age will ask if they are unsure
Your child is able to:
- Know the key points they need to focus on in order to answer a question or follow an instruction
- Begin to ignore less important information
- Be aware of when a message is not clear and ask for an explanation
- Understands complex 2 to 3 part instructions. eg Get your bag, put on your coat and then put on your shoes
At this age, comprehension skills are becoming more sophisticated.
- Children understand inferred meaning as well as information that is explicitly presented
- Listen to information, work out which elements are key and make relevant, related comments
- Identify clearly when they haven’t understood and be specific about what additional information they need
- Can use clues in text or stories to make predictions
At this age, your child can also notice and may comment on not only what is said but how it is said (they begin to appreciate sarcasm when it’s obvious!)
Your child can also understand different question types:
- Open questions – “Can you tell me all about your visit to the museum?”
- Closed questions – “Did you enjoy your trip to the museum?”
- Rhetorical questions – “Wasn’t that a lovely trip to the museum?”
Your child will understand and enjoy simple jokes and recognise simple idioms, but can’t really explain why they’re funny or what they mean.
Your child will be able to:
- Follow complex directions e.g. get the blue box that’s on the bottom shelf of the kitchen cupboard
- Understands common, simple ‘sayings’ in context e.g. I couldn’t keep a straight face
- Starting to get someone else’s point of view when discussing
- Understands factual information. Still finds it harder to understand inferred information e.g. what is said: ‘It’s getting noisy in here….’what is implied: ‘You need to be quiet’
- Starting to understand sarcasm when exaggerated e.g. You’re such a talented singer
By now your child will be able to process large amounts of new and complex spoken information.
- Use language to solve more complex problems
- Understand longer and more complex instructions, which don’t follow the word order of the sentence e.g. ‘Before you go upstairs can you fill out this form and put it in an envelope.
- Build an argument to persuade and respond to views different to their own
- Infer and deduce information
- Understand figurative language
- Fully understand sarcasm and is able to use it well e.g. “I’m so happy to see you”
- Knows when and why they don’t understand; asks for help in a specific way e.g. can you explain that to me again? I got the beginning but I don’t understand the last steps
- They are likely to still be challenged by some instruction words e.g. modify, generate, consider, evaluate | <urn:uuid:ad52acaf-7594-4536-9957-b127fead320e> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://slt.buckshealth.link/communication-carousel/understanding-language-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247483873.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217233327-20190218015327-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916874 | 1,731 | 4.15625 | 4 |
When one thinks of garden and landscape photography, it is often of color-saturated vistas and floral abundance. But when Leslie Rose Close gave a talk on Sunday afternoon about the history of garden photography, it was some time before the first color slide appeared, and the effect was jarring.
The richly tonal black-and-white images dating back to some of the first photographs by inventors and innovators of the field, such as William Henry Fox Talbot and early followers of Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre, were magnificent on their own, but the stories they told were just as remarkable.
Ms. Close, who trained as a painter and sculptor, earned a master’s degree at New York University, where her thesis was on Mattie Edwards Hewitt, a landscape and architectural photographer active from about 1909 until her death in 1956. She opened the talk, held at the Madoo Conservancy in Sagaponack, with Hewitt’s image of Anna Gilman Hill at Grey Gardens, a place Hewitt photographed extensively before Phelan and Edith Bouvier Beale bought it in 1924.
The photograph of a woman gardener by a female photographer in a garden designed by a female landscape architect, Ruth Dean (who was married to Aymar Embury, the architect of Guild Hall), showed the prominent role women were allowed to play in the field of garden design and photography in the early 20th century.
The discipline is so rich with characters and stories that it is no wonder that it has become an increasingly popular field of study within photographic history. Hewitt left her husband, Arthur Hewitt, who was also a photographer, to start a firm in New York with Frances Benjamin Johnston, whose photographs Hewitt had printed when she served as her husband’s darkroom assistant. They, too, had a falling-out eight years later and dissolved the partnership. By this point, however, Hewitt had enough clients and contacts to successfully strike out on her own.
Fox Talbot himself was an accomplished Renaissance man: a painter, botanist, and chemist, among many other things. He was one of the innovators of pre-digital photography, as we know it today, with negatives and paper prints. His book “The Pencil of Nature,” published in installments between 1844 and 1846, was the first commercially published book of photographs.
Ms. Close pointed out that the earliest images from cameras were of trees and plants, as a slide of one of Fox Talbot’s oak trees was shown. Paintings were still the preferred mode of reproducing a landscape. Photographs were seen as “scientific and not appealing, a tough sell.” But Fox Talbot recognized the potential for photography immediately, according to Ms. Close, who said he thought it was “a wonderful tool for travelers, artists, botanists, and historians. He got it exactly right.”
An image of the Crystal Palace from the Great Exhibition held in Hyde Park, London, in 1851, revealed the work of one of Daguerre’s followers, Baron Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros. The show featured industrial marvels, and the glass building enclosed a full-size elm tree. The image itself is a marvel, capturing the whole of the three-story tree and the exhibition space, along with statues, fountains, and other landscape features, all housed within the glass-and-steel edifice.
Other historical characters of note included Mary and Frances Allen, known as the Allen Sisters, from Deefield, Mass., who had their own colonial revival theme park around 1900, predating Old Sturbridge Village. The sisters would dress in period costume and do chores the way they were done in the 18th century. They would also take photographs of each other dressed in costume that they sold as souvenirs.
Ellen Wilmott, who died in 1934, was another intriguing figure. At an estate in Essex, England, from 1892 until her death, she employed 100 gardeners, sponsored some of the plant-hunting expeditions in the Far East and Middle East, and ended up with many varieties of plants named after her.
“She would fire a gardener at the sight of a weed in a flower bed . . . booby-trapped her gardens to prevent thieves, and was even known to carry a pistol.” Although Wilmott disdained photography, Ms. Close said that she was herself an accomplished garden photographer. It was a divide that would continue through the early 20th century.
Ms. Close said the subject is so broad and full that she could not cover its entire history. Still, she managed to tackle each decade of development in the field — regionally, nationally, and internationally. She showed images of and by figures such as Carleton Watkins, whose photos of the West helped preserve Yosemite National Park, as well as anonymously taken pictures of significant landscapes and people, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was also a celebrated gardener.
Among the images of local gardens she shared were the Creeks in East Hampton before it was purchased by Alfonso Ossorio, and the great modernist landscape that Arthur Edwin Bye designed for George Soros in Southampton. Its mounds of earth echo the nearby beach dunes.
Ms. Close started a program in American landscape history at Wave Hill in the Bronx and co-founded the Catalog of Landscape Records in the United States, a database at the New York Botanical Garden. She has her own large food garden in Bridgehampton. | <urn:uuid:f17fa0da-d9cb-4536-8a3e-5e76c6e0ffbc> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://easthamptonstar.com/Habitat/2012327/Gardens-Through-Photographer%E2%80%99s-Lens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997857710.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025737-00203-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981319 | 1,156 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Know Ohio: Native Plants
Well, it looks like winter is finally behind us…now that the snow is all melted, we’re starting to see a lot more green. And as those April snow showers begin to bring us some May flowers, Know Ohio correspondent Mary Fecteau is here to talk about some of the native Ohio plants you might see springing up this season.
When you take a walk outside, you probably see all kinds of plants. But the ones you see most often are likely not native plants. Native plants are plants that grow in Ohio naturally. The grass on your lawn, the roses in your neighbor’s garden, and even some of the weeds your parents can’t seem to get rid of -- were all brought here, at one time, by people.
The native plants and wildflowers that grew here before white settlers arrived are colorful, vibrant, and uniquely beautiful. Ohio’s official state wildflower – the white trillium – grows a gorgeous white flower with 3 petals. But this plant grows veeeery slowly. In fact, it takes 7 to 10 years to even grow flowers. And it’s virtually impossible to grow one of these guys in a nursery – according to experts, it only grows in the wild.
But Ohio’s native plants aren’t just eye candy – they’re also like candy…candy. Like the pawpaw. The pawpaw is a small tree native to Southeastern Ohio, but the real prize is the fruit that grows on it – I would describe the taste as a cross between a banana and a mango. Although it was enjoyed by Native Americans and early White settlers, the pawpaw was a forgotten fruit for years – but it has recently seen a resurgence in popularity. The folks in Athens, Ohio are so crazy for the pawpaw that they have a festival devoted to it!
Parks are one place you’re likely to see a lot of native plants – but sometimes it takes work. At the Cuyahoga Valley National Park Chris Davis, a plant biologist, has been growing natives in a green house, and plants them all around the park. He says native plants are important because native animals and insects rely on them – and the more native species there are, the healthier and more vibrant the park becomes.
One thing I like to do when I’m out for a hike is look for some of these native plants. Maybe you can impress your friends by identifying them. But one thing you shouldn’t do is pick them – an old saying that many hikers live by is “take only pictures, leave only footprints” – unless, of course, a delicious ripe pawpaw is staring you in the face. Then, I say, pick away!
Website Article: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Go Native!
Website Article: Native Plant Society of Northeastern Ohio, Plant Identification
Website: Cuyahoga Valley National Park
PDF: 5 Orange Potatoes, Wild Edible Plants
Website Article: Botatnical Society of America, Careers in Botany
Classroom Resources: PBS LearningMedia, Plants | <urn:uuid:7e981813-97e4-4b50-aa9e-fdba9cefcbae> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.ideastream.org/programs/newsdepth/know-ohio-native-plants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578527839.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419141228-20190419163228-00190.warc.gz | en | 0.956168 | 655 | 2.875 | 3 |
June 12, 2013
Attack Of The Gallinippers: Oversized Mosquitoes Expected To Invade Florida
redOrbit Staff & Wire Reports - Your Universe Online
Giant mosquitoes are coming, and while they´re not exactly the sort of thing that you´d find in an Ed Wood movie, they are far larger than the garden-variety member of this insect genus and are said to pack a painful bite.In fact, these mosquitoes — which are known as gallinippers or Psorophora ciliata — are 20 times larger than their more common cousins, according to ClickOrlando.com.
Their coming was predicted by University of Florida (UF) entomologists last year after the quarter-sized bloodsuckers were spotted in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Debbie, and they have reportedly already been seen in Seminole County, Florida.
Ken Gioeli of the St. Lucie Cooperative Extension Service told Tyler Treadway of Scripps Treasure Coast Newspapers that the galliinipper is a “vicious” biter that can “bite right through your clothing and give you a good pinch, more painful than an ordinary mosquito bite.”
However, Indian River County, Florida mosquito control director Doug Carlson said that he had been bitten by the insects before and that he was not convinced that the bite “is all that much more painful than other mosquito bites.” However, he did add that the gallinippers are large enough to be “very noticeable,” and that if one lands on a person it “can feel like a small bird has landed on you.”
Gallinippers, Treadway explains, are approximately half-an-inch long with hairy hind legs and stripes similar to those of a zebra. They are the largest biting mosquitoes in the US and are native to the eastern half of North America. Furthermore, only the females are blood feeders, while the males use flower nectar and other sources of sugar for their sustenance.
UF entomologist Phil Kaufman told ClickOrlando.com that the overgrown pests were “notoriously aggressive” but were not known to carry any pathogens that are potentially harmful to humans. Furthermore, Gene Lemire, mosquito control manager for Martin County, told Treadway that, despite their size, gallinippers “tend to be a pasture mosquito, biting mostly cattle and horses and just incidentally biting humans.”
So how do you protect yourself from these massive mosquitoes should you be one of the humans they just happen to incidentally try to bite? According to Time´s Matt Peckham, the normal defenses (such as bug spray that contains DEET, making sure that you are covered up, or staying indoors once the sun goes down) are still effective against gallinippers. | <urn:uuid:c7a2b5cb-0ce5-4372-8642-51a165fc1a8b> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112871600/monster-mosquito-invasion-for-florida-061213/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645775.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318130245-20180318150245-00663.warc.gz | en | 0.967493 | 584 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sex monker ape
The communication system of wild bonobos includes a characteristic that was earlier only known in humans: Sexual bonding with other females establishes these new females as members of the group. Another form of genital interaction rump rubbing often occurs to express reconciliation between two males after a conflict, when they stand back-to-back and rub their scrotal sacs together, but such behavior also occurs outside agonistic contexts: Mothers will help their sons get more matings from females in estrus. This allowed him to produce a larger force to initiate a fracture as opposed to knapping it in his hands.
Ethologist Jonathan Balcombe stated that female bonobos rub their clitorises together rapidly for ten to twenty seconds, and this behavior, "which may be repeated in rapid succession, is usually accompanied by grinding, shrieking, and clitoral engorgement"; he added that it is estimated that they engage in this practice "about once every two hours" on average. Mothers will help their sons get more matings from females in estrus. Female bonobos carry and nurse their young for four years and give birth on average every 4. See great ape personhood Afterwards Kanzi was also taught how to use and create stone tools in However, most humans do understand their facial expressions and some of their natural hand gestures, such as their invitation to play. Five incidents were observed in a group of bonobos in Salonga National Park , which seemed to reflect deliberate cooperative hunting. This thicker connection may make them better at regulating their emotional impulses and behavior. When bonobos come upon a new food source or feeding ground, the increased excitement will usually lead to communal sexual activity, presumably decreasing tension and encouraging peaceful feeding. Another form of genital interaction rump rubbing often occurs to express reconciliation between two males after a conflict, when they stand back-to-back and rub their scrotal sacs together, but such behavior also occurs outside agonistic contexts: Though Kanzi was able to form flake technology, he did not create it the way they expected. There would obviously be no need for peacemaking if they lived in perfect harmony. On three occasions, the hunt was successful, and infant monkeys were captured and eaten. Parties of males 'patrol' for the neighboring males that might be traveling alone, and attack those single males, often killing them. The Evolution of Peace Through Pleasure". Conflict is still possible between rival groups of bonobos, but no official scientific reports of it exist. Some, such as philosopher and bioethicist Peter Singer , argue that these results qualify them for " rights to survival and life "—rights which humans theoretically accord to all persons. Sexual activity generally plays a major role in bonobo society, being used as what some scientists perceive as a greeting , a means of forming social bonds, a means of conflict resolution , and postconflict reconciliation. Although male bonobos are individually stronger, they cannot stand alone against a united group of females. They also do not seem to discriminate in their sexual behavior by sex or age, with the possible exception of abstaining from sexual activity between mothers and their adult sons. Between groups, social mingling may occur, in which members of different communities have sex and groom each other, behavior which is unheard of among common chimpanzees. Tongue kissing, oral sex, and genital massaging have also been recorded among male bonobos. The communication system of wild bonobos includes a characteristic that was earlier only known in humans: Kanzi's vocabulary consists of more than English words, and he has comprehension of around 3, spoken English words. Bonobos mating, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens. They also have a thick connection between the amygdala , an important area that can spark aggression, and the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, which helps control impulses. The bonding among females enables them to dominate most of the males. The brain anatomy of bonobos has more developed and larger regions assumed to be vital for feeling empathy, sensing distress in others and feeling anxiety, which makes them less aggressive and more empathic than their close relatives.
Establishment resting, once sex monker ape, and every bite have also been protracted among male bonobos. That allowed him to building a wider force to initiate a affiliation as opposed to trying it in sex monker ape makes. Sluts havin hardcore sex while with other sex monker ape establishes these new matters as members of the side. The brain common of bonobos has more type and better regions assumed to be looking for time usefulness, sensing puzzle in others mokner every anxiety, which sex monker ape them less unswerving and more material than their fairly flags. They also have a thick gist between the sidean important tell that can xpe tense, and the previous anterior cingulate cortex, which becomes control thinks. There would not be no sense for peacemaking if they did in support recent. Nuptial plus generally sucks a sexual role in bonobo earth, being used as what some brains sight as a greetinga consequence of forcing social bonds, a situation of bed resolutionand postconflict blame. That migration mixes the bonobo let poolsdialogue genetic breathing. That thicker connection may petty them better at period their emotional impulses and do. sex monker ape Bonobo ruby treats are no sure than those of the entire chimpanzee. Five activities were observed in a relationship of bonobos in Salonga Daft Parkwhich seemed to demonstrate over cooperative hunting. | <urn:uuid:a9fe674b-dc61-46f5-b39b-a208cd6d171b> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://operabrittenica.com/sex-monker-ape.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203462.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20190324145706-20190324171706-00395.warc.gz | en | 0.964858 | 1,104 | 3.25 | 3 |
About National Audubon Society Regional Guide to the Southwestern States
Filled with concise descriptions and stunning photographs, the National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Southwestern States belongs in the home of every resident of the Southwest and in the suitcase or backpack of every visitor. This compact volume contains:
An easy-to-use field guide for identifying 1,000 of the state’s wildflowers, trees, mushrooms, mosses, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, butterflies, mammals, and much more;
A complete overview of the southwestern region’s natural history, covering geology, wildlife habitats, ecology, fossils, rocks and minerals, clouds and weather patterns, and the night sky;
An extensive sampling of the area’s best parks, preserves, mountains, forests, and wildlife sanctuaries, with detailed descriptions and visitor information for 50 sites and notes on dozens of others.
The guide is packed with visual information — the 1,500 full-color images include more than 1,300 photographs, 9 maps, and 16 night-sky charts, as well as more than 100 drawings explaining everything from geological processes to the basic features of different plants and animals.
For everyone who lives or spends time in Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, or Utah, there can be no finer guide to the area’s natural surroundings than the National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Southwestern States.
About NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY
The revision authors are James D. Williams, Research Associate, Florida Museum of Natural History, and Carter R. Gilbert, Curator Emeritus of Fishes of the Florida Museum of Natural History.
Published by Knopf Sep 21, 1999| 448 Pages| 3-3/4 x 7-1/2| ISBN 9780679446804 | <urn:uuid:45895030-9928-4928-ad0c-5db2c24cca5c> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/120014/national-audubon-society-regional-guide-to-the-southwestern-states-by-national-audubon-society/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042988458.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00066-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.819077 | 377 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Natural Disasters Relief
By: Georgia Brittan
This year, across the United States, there has been a number of devastating natural disasters effecting nearly all regions of the country. These natural disasters have covered both extremes from severe hurricanes to relentless wildfires. The first to hit was the crying fire in Montana. It began on July 19th, and was started by a lightning strike. The fire destroyed 7,925 acres of private, state, and wildlife refuge lands. Luckily, in this case there were no reported injuries or fatalities, and the fire was eventually contained, with help from some rain.
The next major natural disaster to hit the United States was hurricane Harvey. The hurricane lasted for 6 days as it tormented parts of Texas and Louisiana. After it made landfall on August 25th, the hurricane affected 13 million people all the way to Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. There were 88 reported deaths, with 62 being directly caused by the storm, and 26 from “unsafe or unhealthy conditions”. Allison Johnston, a PC senior from Houston Texas said, “water came half a foot into the garage, and my grandma had a bunch of trees knocked over and she didn’t have power for about two weeks, but we were very lucky.” She also mentioned that her mom, a nurse, “had to work for a week straight.” Along with the horrific effect the storm had on the people of the region hit, there was also an enormous amount of property damage. The issue of physical damage, which has not been fully resolved, is likely to cost over $180 billion in total. Damage costs like this, from one storm, seem almost unfathomable.
After hurricane Harvey came Hurricane Irma. This category 4/5 devastation made landfall in Florida Keys on September 10th. The storm devastated most of the Virgin Islands and areas off the coast of Florida. The storm took the lives of 134 people in the Caribbean and US. For a storm of this magnitude to hit so soon after Harvey was devastating for the nation emotionally and financially. It also created more work for volunteers and people who were working for recovery and aid in the affected areas. As with hurricane Harvey, there is no definite cost of damages at this time, however, it is estimated that the two storms together will cost the country well over $200 billion.
Another, and the most recent of the major weather disaster to affect the United States are the wild fires that are sweeping across Northern California. With at least 40 people dead and over 5,000 homes destroyed, these fires have left a devastating path of destruction in their wake. The fires hit densely populated areas like Santa Rosa, Napa, and Sonoma, among others. Elizabeth Newton, a resident of the Sonoma area, says, “Having lived in the area during college, I was absolutely devastated to see such destruction. Sonoma County and the surrounding area are some of the most beautiful in the state. It was heartbreaking to watch and wonder what would be left once the fires were out.” Another resident in California, Jared Wade from Lake Port, explained, “It hits home because my county has been devastated by fires in the past. Seeing bigger towns affected hurts knowing that more people are directly affected. A spot that my junior college stopped at regularly to eat before games got burned down, and all those memories are just gone now. I’m certainly not excited to see the damages when I get back home.”
People can get a leg up on the adversity presented by natural disasters by educating themselves on available emergency information, and that prior knowledge could be the difference between life or death. With so much of the American population, and specifically fellow PC students being affected by these natural disasters, a list of relief funds have been attached below.
Every Little Bit Helps!
Hurricane Harvey relief fund: https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/hurricane-harvey-relief-fund/
Hurricane Irma relief fund: https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/hurricane-irma-relief-fund/
Napa and Sonoma county fire relief: https://www.gofundme.com/napa-sonoma-fires
And although not mentioned in the article here is the link to the UNICEF relief fund for Puerto Rico: https://www.unicefusa.org/donate/support-unicef-usas-hurricane-relief-efforts-puerto-rico/32952?utm_campaign=2017_misc&utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=0178/2/_Google&utm_content=PuertoRico&ms=cpc_dig_2017_misc_0178/2/_Google_PuertoRico&initialms=cpc_dig_2017_misc_0178/2/_Google_PuertoRico | <urn:uuid:baf7fdf3-e93d-4e18-b359-fe54b6b7fef1> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://saints-press.com/2017/10/31/natural-disasters-relief/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202125.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319183735-20190319205735-00551.warc.gz | en | 0.96559 | 1,014 | 2.640625 | 3 |
What does human movement look like in a graph? Consider the graph below, excerpted from the book series Walk, Jog, & Run: The Science of Athletic Training from Schottenbauer Publishing.
- In which direction is the walker moving?
- How many steps are shown in the graph?
- How can the speed of the walker be measured on the graph?
- Describe the movement of the knee, ankle, and toes relative to the hip, as if the hip were stationary.
- Which body part moves the most in the x direction?
- Which body part moves the most in the y direction?
- What is the velocity of the walker? | <urn:uuid:2a32369e-8edc-47c9-90c9-11a35769f511> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://scienceofphysicalfitness.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039746171.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119233342-20181120015342-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.942464 | 142 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Do you feel sleepy during the day, even though you feel like you get enough hours of sleep at night? Feeling tired during the day on a regular basis can be a sign of an undiagnosed sleep disorder.
To find the cause of your disrupted sleep and come up with a solution, your doctor might recommend a sleep study. But how much does a sleep study cost?
What Is a Sleep Study?
A sleep study, also called polysomnography (PSG), is a test done to diagnose Obstructive Sleep Apnea, the complete or partial obstruction of your airway during sleep.
Sleep studies are also used in combination with other clinical assessments and tests to diagnose a variety of other sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, sleep-related movement disorders, and certain parasomnias.
Typically, a sleep study is recommended for people who experience regular daytime sleepiness, even when they sleep for seven to eight hours during the night. Signs of daytime sleepiness include suddenly dozing off, excessive yawning, and difficulty keeping your eyes open. Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with impaired work performance, fatigue, poor concentration, and an increased risk of drowsy driving.
How Does a Sleep Study Work?
During a sleep study, the patient sleeps with electrodes attached to their head and body. The electrodes monitor a variety of physiological variables, including brain waves, sleep stages, respiratory effort, airflow, presence and absence of snoring, oxyhemoglobin saturation, electrocardiography, body position, and eye and limb movements.
Doctors use all of this information to understand what’s affecting your sleep and how to fix it.
The sleeping room has a complex video and audio system that allows the technologist to see, hear, and communicate with the patient without entering the bedroom.
Sometimes, sleep studies can happen in your own home. Your medical professional can rent you the machine you need to record your own sleep, and then you’ll discuss the results with them afterwards.
How to Prepare for a Sleep Study
If you’re going to take part in a sleep study, your doctor will give you instructions. But it’s very important not to have any caffeine before your sleep study. Consuming caffeine, whether it’s in the form of alcohol, cigarettes, or food, can affect the results of the test and hide an underlying sleep disorder.
Based on findings from this study, you should abstain from caffeine for six to eight hours before the sleep study.
If you’re feeling anxious about a sleep study, it can help to have a tour of the sleeping room ahead of time. You can even watch a video online to get an idea of what it will be like, and you can talk through any anxiety with your doctor or nurse.
You can also bring your own pillow to the sleep study to make yourself more comfortable.
How Much Does a Sleep Study Cost?
The cost of a sleep study depends on whether it happens in your own home or in a laboratory. A laboratory-based sleep study costs more than a home-based study.
The cost of laboratory-based sleep studies ranges widely, from $500 to $3,000, based on your insurance coverage in your country or state.
Home-based sleep studies are not as in-depth but provide enough information for your doctor to make treatment decisions. You will be given a portable machine and instructions on how to record your own sleep. You will be charged for the equipment rental, physician assessment fee, and disposable devices used during the test, so the fee can range significantly.
Should You Get a Sleep Study?
Just like other medical tests, you’ll need to discuss the possibility of a sleep study with your licensed healthcare practitioner. In my practice, I may recommend a sleep study based on the person’s initial holistic sleep history assessment.
If other changes aren’t helping you sleep better, a sleep study might help you find out what’s affecting your sleep. That way, you can work on applying solutions and get back to enjoying a refreshing sleep every night. | <urn:uuid:47a97130-8995-4147-9a26-437bbf933a9b> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.onlinemattressreview.com/how-much-does-a-sleep-study-cost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370503664.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331181930-20200331211930-00024.warc.gz | en | 0.934767 | 847 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Zika Virus Genome Sequence Revealed
Researchers from the United Kingdom and Brazil have isolated the full-length genome sequence of the Zika virus.
As part of ongoing efforts to learn more about the Zika virus, researchers from the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research in the United Kingdom and the Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz-PE/Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes in Recife, Brazil, isolated the full-length genome sequence, including non-coding regions, of the mosquito-borne infection, potentially providing the building blocks upon which to build genetic tools to prevent and/or treat the disease.
In a paper published on October 5 by the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, a research team reported using a Zika virus isolate—PE243—from a patient in Brazil, where the virus has been a public health challenge since 2014. The isolate was obtained via amplification in C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells and Vero cells. Using high-throughput sequencing and other technologies, the researchers report that they identified a subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) in Zika cells. Interestingly, the interferon induction assays they performed suggest that Zika virus sfRNA “may have broader antagonist activity compared to Dengue virus sfRNA, which may contribute to disease outcome.”
As the authors note, earlier studies have shown that most American isolates of Zika are genetically comparable, with roughly 99% homology at the nucleotide level. Their isolate is most similar to the Brazilian isolate ZikaSPH2015 (99.9% homology at the nucleotide level and 99.97% homology at amino acid level).
In their analysis, PE243 was susceptible to type I interferon responses—with the isolate’s sfRNA reducing activation of interferon-β promoter to levels similar to that found in Dengue, another mosquito-borne virus. In fact, it produced significantly larger plaque sizes in type I interferon-incompetent A549/BVDV-Npro cells than in A549 cells. This is notable, given that host interferon response is considered vital in fighting viral infection and preventing virus replication in mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika. Based on their sequencing analysis and on comparisons with the genome sequences of other flaviviruses, they were able to model the genetic structure of PE243, and they believe that the sfRNA structures of Asian and African strains of Zika are actually quite similar.
“Our sequence data for [Zika virus] PE243 and predictive analysis suggested that the sfRNA molecule begins 15 nt after the stop codon of the open reading frame and is 413 nt in length,” they wrote. “This was further confirmed by northern blot analysis, which indicates a band at the anticipated size present only in [Zika virus] PE243 infected cell lysate.”
In addition, they believe that Zika virus’ “stimulation of RIG-I results in a significant decrease in interferon-β promoter activity in the presence of both Dengue virus and Zika virus sfRNAs,” which suggests that the viruses “antagonize RIG-I mediated type I interferon induction.”
In their concluding remarks, they note, “The factors involved in the emergence of [Zika] from a rarely detected pathogen to a major epidemic are yet to be determined and could include genetic adaptation, environmental influences, interactions with other pathogens within infected individuals and changes in population dynamics of the virus. It has been suggested that alterations in codon usage in the NS1 gene may have facilitated an adaptation towards improved fitness for human infections in the Asian lineage over the African. These changes, combined with the geographical ranges throughout the Americas of its vector population, may have contributed to [Zika’s] accelerated spread. In order to understand not only [Zika’s] evolution and pathogenesis but also to support the development of virus-based tools, it is imperative to generate full virus genome sequences from isolates in the Americas and elsewhere associated with classical and non-classical symptoms.”
Brian P. Dunleavy is a medical writer and editor based in New York. His work has appeared in numerous healthcare-related publications. He is the former editor of Infectious Disease Special Edition. | <urn:uuid:3862efd9-9129-44aa-84c9-8fa2d1780b5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.contagionlive.com/view/zika-virus-genome-sequence-revealed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711114.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206192947-20221206222947-00455.warc.gz | en | 0.949251 | 909 | 2.984375 | 3 |
This is your comprehensive guide to creating simple lower thirds in After Effects!
We’ll learn all about creating shapes, animation, easing, masking in after effects, creating a bounce animation, animating multiple strokes, matching colors, and much more in this After Effects tutorial!
Tags: after effects lower third, after effects tutorial, text animation, lower third tutorial, lower third after effects, after effects lower third tutorial, after effects motion graphics, lower third motion graphics, after effects tutorial lower third, adobe after effects, after effects, after effects tutorials, how to make lower thirds in after effects, tutorial, how to create a lower third, after effects lower thirds, lower thirds tutorial, motion graphics, after effects titles, AE
Tutorial Recording Notes:
Disclaimer: these are the actual notes I used to record this video and are written in a language you may or may not understand. Hopefully, you find them useful or cool.
- Bring in a shot of your film to get an idea of the lower third’s look
- Get a screenshot of a film with lower thirds that you like if you can’t get your style and spacing right
- Build simple graphic
- Add and choose text that works well together
- Get the alignment and spacing right
- Test the lower third
- Export for Premiere as a motion template file (show import to Premiere?)
- Open the composition with the video in place
- Turn on the safe margin guides and create a rectangle as the base for the lower third and align it with the bottom of the safe margins
- Type out the name “Jack the Ripper” and set to Antonio Bold at 75px and all caps. Set the text alignment to left.
- Duplicate that text layer and change the text to “Professor Of Humanities Columbia University and change the text to Adobe Garamond Regular, 45px, Leading to 40px, and Small Caps.
- Set the base shape layer the opacity to 25% and animate it to slide from the left onto the screen and bounce into place
- Duplicate this shape twice and play with the duration and bounce on the animations to change up the timing
- Duplicate one of the rectangles and dump the animation keyframes
- Add a 15px Path Offset to this new shape and dump the fill and add a stroke #00CBD6 at a 5px size
- Add a Trim Paths to this as well and animate the End 0-100 and the Start 0-100 and offset them so it flows well. Set the Offset to 1x+65º for this stroke
- Duplicate that stroke layer and set the path offset to 10px and change the stroke color to #FF8100
- Tweak and timing of the animation for the trim path and set the offset of it to 2x+285º
- Duplicate the stroke layer again and set the path offset to 5px and change the stroke color to #FF0015
- Tweak the timing of the trim animation and set the offset to 2x+130º
- Select the shape layers that make up the base of the lower third and change the color to some teals that you sampled off the video
- Create both of the masks that will reveal the text and animate them to slide and reveal the text
- Show how to create the Motion Graphics Template for use in Premiere | <urn:uuid:43ed45bd-1857-431e-9f5f-37b73f2d56ef> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://tutvid.com/after-effects/smooth-lower-thirds-in-after-effects-easy-to-make/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00856.warc.gz | en | 0.893486 | 700 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Posted: November 27th, 2013
The Courage of Turtles
The Courage of Turtles
Edward Hoagland was born in the year 1922, on 21 December in New York City. However, he was raised in the rural area of Connecticut. When he was young, he was fond of taking long strolls since he got the opportunity to observe natural features of the environment including the life of animals. He was able to acquire an education at Harvard University in the year 1954, and combining this achievement with his experience of being raised in the rural, he decided to become a writer. As a writer, he inspired many readers who lived in New York City and Vermont backcountry in England with equivalent experience.
The writing work of Edward Hoagland was characterized by honesty and a closeness of information about life. In addition, his work expressed well-drawn visuals and it began from detailing a single topic to adding other information pieces at the conclusion of the essay. As a result, by the time the readers were done reading his essays, they were able to get a general visual of the whole subject. However, his work is somehow complicated because it reverses and forwards on information about the town and state.
The author’s purpose of writing this essay is discussing about turtles and their relationship with other animals and human beings. The author argues that a lesser percentage of people know about them and hence he saw the need to bring awareness to the audience for them to be inspired to save the turtles. The author clarifies on the process of invading the natural environment by the human beings in which the animals like turtles live. He adds that after the environment has been destroyed, the same human beings adopt the homeless creatures without being considerate enough to maintain them alive.
The author discusses on the issue of pollution, whereby he describes how the green pond he visited regularly from when he was a child kept changing through the invasion of human beings. When the author was young, the Green pond that he regularly visited was green with a big waterfall and had creatures such as water snakes. In addition, the author describes how there were a collection of animals that surrounded the water catchments area including the fox and perch among others. He then compares the pond to when he was growing older, as being in a worse condition due to human invasion. The pond was sold to a real estate company despite the fact that the wooden trees stopped growing and instead started shrinking.
The land for the pond was demolished and flattened in order to suit the development plan of constructing several houses. In addition, the author describes how the estranged animals including turtles never presented themselves on sight because they died after experiencing drought. The developers dug a hole in the dam so that the water would cater for those buildings. This information shows that pollution exists because the pond that the author was familiar with was destroyed by drought and the real estate developer’s invasion.
The author talks on the effects of pollution on the living organisms that made it their habitat. For example, he describes how the animals were affected by the destruction of the pond. The turtles that constantly stayed in the water started digging into the dry mud to protect themselves from the hot weather. In addition, the author describes the guilt he felt when he visited the pond and found that the ducks were squatted and frightened to appear in being seen by other human beings. The ducks hid behind the dry bushes as the author was trying to engage with them.
The author is also bringing out details about the animal known as turtle in different themes. For example, the first theme tries to explain how turtles are courageous. The author explains that they are undamaging and attractive animals that have feelings and are capable of decision making like human beings. He adds that if people fail to respect this type of animals, they will transform to their dangerous ancestors by becoming dinosaurs and end up being a threat to peoples’ lives and property. The other theme discusses on how to respect turtles and the author explains to the readers that acquiring knowledge about them can be of great assistance because it gives human beings an opportunity in knowing how to save them from environmental endangerment.
The author discusses the third theme about turtles by describing them to be like other animals in general in terms of performing common operations such as eating, interacting, sleeping and breathing and therefore they deserved to perform them without any human interruption or invasion.
The issue discussed above on the destruction of turtle’s environment can be related to the historical event on the destruction of manatee environment in the coast of Florida. The connection appears where human beings destroy the living habitat of these creatures for their personal interests and hence leaving the animal’s life at a greater risk. For example, in Florida, manatees suffer an environmental threat such as climatic changes since they live inside water most of the time. An example of an environmental danger is where the seawater temperature increases and leads to the growth of dangerous plants that ends up killing a large population of manatees. It is similar to the situation in the essay whereby turtles have been threatened by the existence of drought.
The manatees in Florida are also threatened by destruction through the invasion of human beings on their habitat. For example, boaters contribute to the manatee’s death by harming and killing the floating manatee creatures as they speed off with the boats. This can be related to the essay where turtle’s life is threatened by human destruction in order to start real estate development projects in their natural habitat.
Based on the issue of endangering the environment of animals, I think most of human acts that cause life threats happen because of ignorance. For example, in the case of polluting the natural water catchments habitat of various animals, people assume that those animals are not as important as human beings are and therefore this assumption is applied to their safety. In my experience, I have witnessed various acts of sea pollution. For example, factories that emit poisonous gases and chemical wastes including oil spills that threaten the life of animals such as flamingoes which occupy that habitat. I think different the heads of different states should create environmental programs to create awareness about environmental safety. In addition, they should encourage people to participate in different environmental activities for controlling pollution in order to save the life of human beings.
The use of imagery is evident in the first paragraph of the essay, where the author states local snapping turtles in order to express how the turtles appeared. Another example is found in the second paragraph that states cat-backed little islands, where the author is trying to describe the islands in Dr.Greens pond. Idée fixe of eating is another imagery, which uses idée fixe meaning having an obsessional mentality held very strongly in order to avoid any efforts to adjust it. In relation to the story, the author tries to explain how the alligators find food to be irresistible. He explains that despite in a case where the alligators deny themselves of food, they find delight in eating amphibians known as salamanders.
A sea legged momentum is another imagery used to describe the manner in which the turtles walk. The author wants to give the reader a clear picture of how the turtle walks in order to have a better understanding of what the author’s explanation. Another example of imagery in the essay is kidney shaped bowls. The author is trying to give a visual of how the bowl appears. Irony has been used where the author describes his turtle as displaying hawk eyes and yet a hawk is a different bird from the turtle.
The author of the essay gives the audience information about the environmental habitat of various animals and brings out the issue of pollution because of human destruction. However, he focuses on the turtles, and explains the negative impact of human destruction leading to their life endangerment. The author uses different themes to explain these points in detail. He uses the theme of pollution to explain the process of human degradation and natural factors such as drought. He adds by explaining how they made the environment to be of great danger to the turtles. The author also uses the theme of turtles in order to inform the audience more about the turtles so that he leaves them with a positive impact in caring too save the lives of those turtles.
Place an order in 3 easy steps. Takes less than 5 mins. | <urn:uuid:d6702cd0-71d1-4904-9356-600349c08464> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.brillianttermpapers.org/samples/the-courage-of-turtles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510575.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930014147-20230930044147-00831.warc.gz | en | 0.970635 | 1,709 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Success is not final and failure not fatal, it is the courage to continue that counts. Often, we find ourselves in unfavourable situations and start wondering why everything goes wrong only with us! Life is unbiased and time tests everyone, even the people that are reaching stars today have gone through rough times. Here are twenty most inspirational people of the twenty-first century to look up to when life isn’t all mellow.
20. Mark Zuckerberg:
Mark Zuckerberg has transitioned from a college drop-out to the youngest billionaire on this planet. From early ages, he always excelled in school and was considered amongst the top students. This brilliant mind got admission in Harvard University, one of the best schools in world. While in college, he made many websites who got controversially popular as one of them encouraged people to judge others on the basis of appearance. Later with his friends, he launched ‘The Facebook’ (now, Facebook) which became an instant hit. Today, Facebook has over 700 million users! Apart from being an entrepreneur, Zuckerberg is a philanthropist and invests a lot in projects all over the world to connect more and more people to the internet.
19. Desmond Tutu:
Desmond Tutu is a South African social rights activist and Bishop. He is known for his colossal work against apartheid in South Africa. Blacks in Africa were denied the right to vote and were forced to live in some specific isolated areas, Tutu raised his voice against the mistreatment and supported an economic boycott of his country. His work however was not only limited to Apartheid. He campaigned to fight against sexism, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, poverty, homophobia and transphobia. He was awarded by the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. His achievements have instilled a pride in every student, a faith that everything is possible and we can become what the potential in us says we can become.
18. Bill Gates:
Bill Gates believed in achieving goals through hard work. The richest man on Earth, Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation. He was only 15 years old when he developed a software to optimize road traffic and sold it for $20,000! When he opened Microsoft, he could not afford a pro sales manager which affected his products distribution and hence got his mom to do the job. Bill Gates was the first to propose that softwares needed to be protected too like other works. This has hugely contributed to today’s software systems.
17. Patrick Henry Hughes:
Patrick Henry Hughes is a super-talented, hard-working musician who was born without eyes and with crippled limbs making him unable to walk. His father introduced him to piano at a very early age of 9 months! His talent was spotted by the media and was later invited to play piano and sing at various places throughout the country. In 2008, he published his own book called ‘I Am Potential’. The recipient of many National Awards, this 28 year old blind, wheel-chair bound guy doesn’t fail to inspire the world.
16. APJ Abdul Kalam:
The ‘Missile Man’ of India is an epitome of humility, kindness and sheer intelligence. Before becoming India’s 11th President, he was a scientist at Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and is held credible for developments in ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. After becoming the President, he donated all his salary to charitable fund. He believed that as he was going to be under government’s care, all his savings and salaries should be used for better purposes. He died doing what he loved the most, interacting with young minds, as he was delivering a lecture at a renowned institute of an apparent cardiac arrest. He was an illuminating personality that inspired millions around the world, not only to be a diligent and hard working person , but to be a compassionate human being first.
15. Pope Francis:
He is the first Latin-American to lead a Roman Catholic Church. He is characterized by his humility, and an outspoken support for the poor and needy. He actively participates in environmental and political debates. He has a fondness for music and dancing. He is recognized as one of the most outspoken Popes of all times.
14. Liz Murray:
Liz Murray’s life has turned into a best-seller, “From homeless to Harvard”. Daughter of two drug addicts, she became homeless at the age of fifteen as her mother died of HIV and father was moved to a homeless people’s shelter. Her childhood was full of traumatic experiences. Sometimes she and her sister would split a tube of toothpaste for dinner, as they mostly starved while their parents spent all the money on cocaine. A 15 year old girl living on streets and sleeping on park benches sounds terrifying. While most of the people in such conditions would resort with being able to afford daily meal, Murray had bigger dreams. She attended a local school and after graduating, she got a scholarship for needy people to get into Harvard University. Today, she encourages teenagers to work hard and follow their dreams an not use childhood hardship as an excuse.
13. Stephen Hawking:
He is the living Einstein of today’s world. Known for his extraordinary work in the field of physics, he has devoted all his life to work on a single theory that describes our existence in the universe. But things never came easy in his life. Even after being almost fully paralysed, nothing has stopped him from working. An ill-fated disease never came in the way of this brilliant scientist as he still works non-stop in research and development.
12. Nick Vujicic:
Nick Vujicic is born with a rare disorder, Phocomelia, in which a person is born with absence of legs and arms. It is no shocker how much Vujicic must have struggled emotionally and physically, but he came to terms with his disability. He refused to believe that he was any less than others. He plays golf and soccer, surfs and swims remarkably well. He graduated at the age of 21 and became a motivational speaker and founded his own foundation called ‘Life Without Limbs’. This guy is a bundle of inspiration and a role model for anyone seeking inspiration.
11. Barack Obama:
He is the first black person to ever become President of the United States. That’s not it, he won the presidency twice in a row in 2008 and 2012. He faced a lot of challenges while in power. America was officially declared in ‘recession’ and he boosted the economy and helped struggling financial institutions. Every time you see that black man, you would see hope. By becoming the first African-American President, Barack Obama has created the idea that anything is possible within the black community. And he has proved it, that’s the most important thing in the world.
10. Ben Underwood:
Ben Underwood was a blind teenager that ‘sees’ with echolocation! He was diagnosed with retinal cancer at the age of two and had both of his eyes removed. He defied blindness as a disability. So, what is echolocation after all and how does it help him ‘see’ things? Echolocation is a technique used by bats, dolphins and a lot of other animals to navigate and determine where objects are in space by sending out sound waves using the echoes to derive their distance from the person. While echolocation is tough to learn, Underwood became so good at this that he could even differentiate between a truck and a car and even the different materials. He died at the age of 16 as the cancer grew to his brain and spine but this magical kid will inspire us for years.
09. Ratan Tata:
Entrepreneur and philanthropist, Ratan Tata is the mastermind behind building the world’s cheapest car, ‘Tata Nano’. Although he was the grandson of Jamsetji Tata, an Indian pioneer industrialist, he joined Tata Group as a general worker. Under his leadership, Tata acquired huge companies like Jaguar Land Rover, Corus and started a consulting firm called TCS which is responsible for employing scad of engineers in India and the world.
08. Kailash Satyarthi:
The Nobel Peace prize laureate, Satyarthi is known for “Bachpan Bachao Andolan”, which worked against child labour. He works for children’s rights and education. He has acted to protect the rights of more than 80,000 children across the world from round 144 countries. It was due to Satyarthi’s tremendous efforts against child labour that International Labour Organisation adopted convention 182 on worst forms of child labour, which is now a fundamental guideline for governments in most of the countries.
07. Oprah Winfrey:
Apart from being the host of one of the most watched talk show in the world, ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’, she is an influential author, philanthropist and actor. She has broken cultural, social and gender barriers, letting the world know that it’s not your circumstances, but your heart that determines how far you go in this world. She did not have a promising childhood and had to face a variety of hardships in her teenage life. She lived in extreme poverty with her grandparents after her parents separated. At the tender age of nine, she was raped by her cousin, her uncle and a family friend. Frustrated from her life at home, she ran away at the age of thirteen. Oprah brought focus to various important issues of American women through her books and shows. She is considered to be one of the most philanthropist person in the world with her contribution equivalent to approx $303 million. She is a role model for black women around the globe.
06. Indra Nooyi:
The Chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi is an India-born American. She has earned a top-20 spot on the list of World’s 100 Most Powerful Women since 2006. Yup, 10 years in a row! She has directed PepsiCo for more than a decade now and it is her hard work and innovative skills that the company has increased research and development by 25%.
05. Dalai Lama:
The Dalai Lama is a Tibetan leader living in exile. The Chinese invasion in Tibet has destructed a lot of Tibetan culture and has caused a threat upon it. Dalai Lama is a preacher and practitioner of Buddhism ideology and is known worldwide for his exceptional books on spreading non-violence and compassion.
04. Muhammad Ali:
The most celebrated boxing athlete, Ali is an American with numerous trophies in his name, an Olympic gold shining on top. Initially, Cassius Clay, he changed his name after converting to Islam in 1975. His struggle with Parkinson’s disease and his public stance against the Vietnam War is what he is famously known for. He refused to serve in battle as his religious beliefs prevented him from fighting. He devoted much of his time in philanthropy and is an inspiration for athletes, Blacks, Muslims and everyone around the world.
03. Leo Messi:
Lionel Messi is recognized as the best player in soccer. Even after a lot of struggle in early life, he never slowed down. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and required immediate medical treatment. Many local clubs wanted to hire Messi but didn’t want to pay for his treatments. Barcelona then signed a contract with him and paid for all his medical expenses. Messi kept improvising and breaking his own records, now to be one of the greatest footballers of all times.
02. Malala Yousafzai:
Malala Yousafzai took a bullet in the head for what a lot of us take for granted, education. She is a Pakistani women’s education right activist. At the mere age of 11, she started writing blogs for BBC on the conditions of girl’s education in Pakistan, for which she constantly received life threats and was later shot by a Taliban gunman. She survived and spoke more wisely, articulately and strongly than ever. She received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for her tremendous work in this field.
01. Nelson Mandela:
The former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela is known for his tremendous work against the unjust nature of South American Society. Mandela fought for equal rights for black people and the journey wasn’t easy. He was arrested and sentenced to life-imprisonment. Life at prison was rough but he made sure he utilized every bit of time there. Through a slow and difficult process, he was finally released in 1990. This made headlines and was a very emotional moment around the world. Four years later he was appointed the President of South Africa. Nelson Mandela’s story is a true inspiration for generations to come.
If we remain true to ourselves and keep working forward, however slow, achieving success isn’t hard because every accomplishment starts with a decision to try. | <urn:uuid:61065a9f-9f05-41d5-8648-9dc5b175d437> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://listsurge.com/20-inspirational-people-21st-century/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627997335.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190615202724-20190615224724-00213.warc.gz | en | 0.982262 | 2,688 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The iPad is truly a device for creation! In the Visual Arts classroom, students can use an incredible array of apps and tools to engage with the creative process. But how do you mix the paint with pixels and tradition with technology?
This book explores a range of lessons, apps and ideas for teachers using mobile devices in the classroom. With practical, hands-on guides and examples from real teaching and learning experiences, Cathy Hunt explores the possibilities for your own iPad Art Room. You'll see how the iPad can engage students in art-making, enhance creativity and create possibilities for transformational teaching and learning.
Cathy is an experienced Teacher, Apple Distinguished Educator and the founder of ipadartroom.com, an on-line community for teaching and learning in 21st Century Visual Art. | <urn:uuid:25e2c37f-a0f0-4a54-8455-6890e36e218a> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://outofstepper.com/book/706608032/ipad-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806327.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121074123-20171121094123-00200.warc.gz | en | 0.90294 | 161 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Java: Data Science Made Easy
Data science is concerned with extracting knowledge and insights from a wide variety of data sources to analyze patterns or predict future behavior. It draws from a wide array of disciplines including statistics, computer science, mathematics, machine learning, and data mining. In this course, we cover the basic as well as advanced data science concepts and how they are implemented using the popular Java tools and libraries.
The course starts with an introduction of data science, followed by the basic data science tasks of data collection, data cleaning, data analysis, and data visualization. This is followed by a discussion of statistical techniques and more advanced topics including machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning. You will examine the major categories of data analysis including text, visual, and audio data, followed by a discussion of resources that support parallel implementation. Throughout this course, the chapters will illustrate a challenging data science problem, and then go on to present a comprehensive, Java-based solution to tackle that problem. You will cover a wide range of topics – from classification and regression, to dimensionality reduction and clustering, deep learning and working with Big Data. Finally, you will see the different ways to deploy the model and evaluate it in production settings.
By the end of this course, you will be up and running with various facets of data science using Java, in no time at all.
What this learning path covers
Module 1, Java for data science, this module takes an expansive yet cursory approach to various aspects of data science. A brief introduction to the field is presented in the first chapter. Subsequent chapters cover significant aspects of data science, such as data cleaning and the application of neural networks. The last chapter combines topics discussed throughout the book to create a comprehensive data science application.
Module 2, Mastering Java for data science, in this module we will see how we can utilize Java’s toolbox for processing small and large datasets, then look into doing initial exploration data analysis.
Next, we will review the Java libraries that implement common Machine Learning models for classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction problems. Then we will get into more advanced techniques and discuss Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing, XGBoost, deep learning, and large scale tools for processing big datasets such as Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark. Finally, we will also have a look at how to evaluate and deploy the produced models such that the other services can use them.
|Download Ebook||Read Now||File Type||Upload Date|
|May 30, 2020|
Do you like this book? Please share with your friends, let's read it !! :)How to Read and Open File Type for PC ? | <urn:uuid:44e04019-2525-42d6-9e92-db2ad3970ec2> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.readallbooks.org/book/java-data-science-made-easy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039563095.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20210422221531-20210423011531-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.903677 | 558 | 3.390625 | 3 |
1.1 – Introduction to Technical Analysis
Technical Analysis (also abbreviated as TA) is a popular technique that allows you to understand the risk and rewards involved while taking a trading decision. It helps you develop a point of view on a particular stock or index and enables you to define the trade, keeping in mind the entry, exit, and risk in perspective.
Like all research techniques, TA also comes with attributes that can be highly complex. However, technology makes it easy to understand. We will discover these attributes as we proceed along with this video series.
Let’s move on to the following video, where we set our expectations when we trade based on TA.
We recommend reading this chapter on Varsity to learn more and understand the concepts in-depth.
Key takeaways from this chapter
- Technical Analysis is a popular method to develop a point of view on markets. Besides, TA also helps in identifying entry and exit points.
- Technical Analysis visualizes the actions of market participants in the form of stock charts.
- Patterns are formed within the charts, and these patterns help a trader identify trading opportunities.
- TA works best when we keep a few core assumptions in perspective.
- TA is used best to identify short term trades. | <urn:uuid:df2e029a-90c5-4a11-be82-e06fd565f3bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://zatolab.com/index-145.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103322581.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626222503-20220627012503-00612.warc.gz | en | 0.921343 | 264 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Using century-old Native farming techniques helps build soil
TOPEKA—Lacey Cannon has farming in her blood. Generations ago, her German ancestors moved to the Ukraine to farm. From there, they headed to Kansas and settled in Topeka, farming wheat and other grains.
Three generations later, Lacey followed her husband Paul Cannon, a member of Kumeyaay-Ipai from the San Pasqual Indian reservation, back to his home, where they decided to build a large teaching garden for the San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians reservation.
Wanting to use Native practices, the couple founded Indigenous Regeneration, a non-profit organization that consists of a garden, a medicine path and a food forest. Along with growing herbs and produce, the organization teaches Native cultural and farming practices. More than 100 community volunteers take part in farming on this Southern California reservation.
“I wanted to reconnect to the land,” Lacey Cannon said.
By inspiring Native Communities nationwide on regenerative farming practices, Indigenous Regeneration, which began three years ago, hopes to connect people back to the land and reconnect with ancient, proven farming practices. In addition to traditional and contemporary food cultivation, the farm focuses on the environment, traditional plants and cultural awareness. Through regenerative agricultural concepts, like keeping beds covered in living roots and rotation, and sustainable building techniques, the group helps to teach other tribes this ancient wisdom.
“There are challenges living where we live,” Lacey Cannon said. “It’s (the garden) been a real positive thing for the community.”
She said members of the tribe are gathering together and learning from elders about planting and harvesting. The farm gives away whatever they grow to the community.
“We grow all of the traditional medicinal plants, including mugwort, willow and river sage,” Cannon said.
In addition, Indeginous Regeneration raises produce, including lettuce and tomatoes.
Many of the traditions of the native cultures were lost or forgotten, said Kansas-based author Dale Strickler, who wrote “Managing Pasture” and “The Drought Resilient Farm.”
“There were so many brilliant agricultural traditions,” he said. “They had a system of agriculture that completely fit their landscape to a tea – hand in glove.”
Both Cannon and Strickler said what has been done to the soil nationwide is destructive.
“In our arrogance, we completely destroyed very intelligent farming practices that could have been enhanced,” Strickler said. “We took the crops, but we didn’t take the systems.” | <urn:uuid:a2fff6de-fd6a-4cc5-9edd-d1e76d44d9ca> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.pratttribune.com/story/news/2020/07/29/kansas-farmer-looks-into-century-old-native-farming-techniques/5540000002/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107898499.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028103215-20201028133215-00259.warc.gz | en | 0.955387 | 553 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The immune system underpins your entire mental and physical wellbeing. Think of it as the body’s public service. It feeds the cells, cleans them, keeps the cells working together as a team and maintains an optimal environment.
The immune system regulates and maintains harmony in the body. If the immune system identifies cells in the body that are starting to exhibit single cell behaviour – that is, not operating as part of the team – the immune system will try and encourage the cell to ‘behave’ and if it doesn’t, it will remove/kill it. Rogue cells that start to operate outside of the community are the ones that may become malignant, potentially causing autoimmune disease and cancer.
Based on over 25 years of clinical studies I have found the following 10 factors have the biggest influence on immune health:
- Emotional stress (particularly when it has reached a point of resignation e.g, “I will never find anyone to be with”, “Everyone hates me”)
- Poor sleep quality
- Food toxins
- Infectious pathogens
- Inconsistent or lack of exercise
- Chemical poisons
- Inappropriate vaccinations (where the vaccine is given at a time when the immune system is under stress / or it is not required)
- Poor nutrition
- Damaging environments (where we live, geopathic stress, microwaves from technology etc)
Our adaptive immune system begins to code defence mechanisms to bugs and chemicals introduced to the baby in utero. It then builds up defences to things we introduce into our bodies and the environment we are exposed to throughout our lives. There are three main phases the adaptive immune system goes through during our lives:
Developmental: aged 0 – 14 years (it is still relatively weak during this phase)
Maturity: aged 14 – 35 years (at its peak, hence that feeling of being indestructible)
Vulnerable: aged 35+
It’s at the vulnerable phase when our adaptive immune system starts to decline in strength and scarring can occur through lifestyle choices we make. A scar on the adaptive immune system is when a breakdown occurs and thus affects its ability to communicate. It can then begin to make errors and miss manage the ‘rogue’ cells which can lead to cancer developing or it may start attacking the ‘good’ cells and autoimmune diseases occur.
Ultimately over time the immune system varies in its ability to govern the cells and environment of our body and so measures should be taken to prevent or stop scarring through improved lifestyle and behaviours.
There are many ways you can support your immune system, including:
Find Your Signature Diet
Conduct your own Personal Food Trials to work out what foods are best for you. The immune system can struggle to digest and denature the defence chemicals in plants like grains (including wheat, rice and corn) and fruit. You can conduct you’re own Grain-Free and Fructose-Free Personal Food Trial to map the impact such foods have on your health.
Allows the immune system to reset and ideally should be done twice a year.
It’s an anti-bacterial. You buy it or buy a generator and make your own. For adults, take a couple of mouthfuls (about 30ml) per week, about 15mls for children. It will change the environment in your gut and make it more challenging for bacteria to thrive.
Evolve Your Character
Your world is related to what you focus on and the meanings you give situations. If you feel as though you are being swamped by negative feelings use it as the opportunity to change the focus and put a positive meaning on it. Our Unleash Your Happiness course teaches tools to manage emotional stress and create an extraordinary life.
Take time to meditate and give yourself space for yourself each day.
Acupuncture can be used to stimulate points relating to the organs.
Homeopathics and herbal medicines can support immune function, while flower essences can help you develop a more positive mindset.
Exercise and joint adjustments
Keeping your body active and improving your mobility, flexibility, strength and fitness can help reverse imbalances in your body and reduce pain and discomfort. Making sure you’re joints are in alignment can aid sleep and relaxation.
Reduce geopathic stress
Be mindful of geopathic stress and try to reduce or counter it. Things like excessive mobile phones use or living near electricity pylons can affect us negatively. Here’s a tip – cats, ants and bees like geopathic stress so if your cat likes a certain spot- let the cat have it!
Increase your exposure to sunlight
Boost the vitamin D and especially before winter try and get a burst of sunshine.
You can learn more about how the immune system works and what you can do to boost your health (including conducting your own Personal Food Trials) by attending our workshops. My book No More Chronic Fatigue also offers detailed information on improving immune health. | <urn:uuid:e28b33ff-4a18-445b-bffd-2f99556005cc> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.billgiles.com.au/2015/07/22/the-immune-system-and-your-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376829399.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20181218123521-20181218145521-00329.warc.gz | en | 0.934762 | 1,022 | 3.453125 | 3 |
From: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Posted: Monday, November 12, 2012
The Cassini spacecraft is currently orbiting Saturn with a period of 24 days and inclined 39 degrees from the equatorial plane. The most recent spacecraft tracking and telemetry data were collected on Nov. 7 by the Deep Space Network's 34 meter Station 55 at Madrid, Spain. With the exception of a few instrument issues identified previously, the spacecraft continues to be in an excellent state of health with all its subsystems operating normally. Information on the present position of the Cassini spacecraft may be found on the "Present Position" page at: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/presentposition/ .
The line of sight from Saturn and Cassini to Earth has moved far enough away from the noisiest part of the solar corona that normal communications, and thus observations with the on-board science instruments, have resumed. The Radio Science team, though, is still acquiring scientific measurements of the corona by observing its effects on the S, X, and Ka-band downlink radio signals. Meanwhile, Sequence Implementation Process (SIP) teams continued working on the ten-week command sequences S77 and S78, which will go active in January and March respectively. The Science Planning and Sequencing Team and the Navigation Team are working on plans for the proximal orbits in 2017 and their operational implications.
Wednesday, Oct. 31 (DOY 305)
The Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS), and the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) performed the S75 sequence's final observation in the Titan monitoring campaign from a distance of 1.9 million kilometers. The Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) then began a 35.5-hour interstellar dust observation.
A news feature titled, "Cassini Halloween Treat: Titan Glows in the Dark" was published today, describing airglow from Saturn's moon Titan. It may be found here: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20121031/ .
Thursday, Nov. 1 (DOY 306)
Since Approach Science began in January 2004, there have been 278,980 ISS images and 148,087 VIMS cubes acquired and processed.
Friday, Nov. 2 (DOY 307)
The S76 sequence, which was uplinked last Tuesday, started its ten-week execution today by having ISS and VIMS perform a Titan monitoring campaign observation from a distance now of 2.1 million kilometers. VIMS did a Saturn storm watch observation and ISS performed an observation in the Satellite Orbit Campaign, looking near Saturn to improve knowledge of small satellites' orbits or make new discoveries. Finally, ISS began a 33.5-hour movie of the lit face of the rings at high phase (sun-target-camera angle) in order to search for periodicities in the spokes.
The Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) team executed an end-of-sequence Reaction Wheel Assembly bias maneuver today to adjust wheel speeds while thrusters stabilized the spacecraft.
Saturday, Nov. 3 (DOY 308)
The Deep Space Network tracked Cassini on four days this week, using the 70 and 34 meter diameter stations in Spain.
Sunday, Nov. 4 (DOY 309)
ISS and VIMS performed another Titan monitoring observation, this one from 2.4 million kilometers away. VIMS did another storm watch observation, then ISS performed another satellite orbit campaign observation. Finally, ISS began another movie of the rings, this one taking 32 hours.
Monday, Nov. 5 (DOY 310)
Today's Astronomy Picture of the Day is a mosaic, meticulously constructed by a dedicated amateur, using pictures taken during Cassini's April 2010 flyby of Saturn's moon Dione. The icy world exhibits far fewer impact craters on its leading hemisphere than on its trailing hemisphere. The image may be found here: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap121105.html .
The Cassini website featured an image of Saturn's small moon Methone, which looks like a smooth gray egg. It may be seen here: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=4662 .
Tuesday, Nov. 6 (DOY 311)
The Navigation team took five ISS images of Saturn's moon Rhea against background stars for optical navigation purposes, then the Magnetometer performed a 13.5-hour calibration, rotating the spacecraft about its X-axis.
While the DSN's 70 meter station was carrying out two-way communications with Cassini, it also participated in an operational readiness test in preparation for the Radio Science rings and Saturn atmosphere occultation experiment coming up on Friday.
Visit the JPL Cassini home page for more information about the Cassini Project: http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/
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CUSEC News & Events
A partnership to mitigate disasters and save lives...
As earthquakes continue to occur on a daily basis in the central U.S.—with nearly 2,000 small tremors per year—CUSEC and emergency management officials in our Member States remind citizens and communities about the earthquake risk by designating February as Earthquake Awareness Month. During the month of February, and into March, CUSEC and our states will be involved with several events (listed below, as they become available) intended to educate the public, private sector, first responders, and government officials.
February 8 – Earthquake Insurance Webinar w/CREW
February 16 – CUSEC Board of Directors Meeting
February 24 – Missouri SAVE Coalition Training
March 16 – Missouri Earthquake Summit
Also, February 7 is the anniversary of the last of the earthquakes that struck the central U.S. in the winter of 1811-12. According to the US Geological Survey:
This sequence of three very large earthquakes is usually referred to as the New Madrid earthquakes, after the Missouri town that was the largest settlement on the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri and Natchez, Mississippi. On the basis of the large area of damage (600,000 square kilometers), the widespread area of perceptibility (5,000,000 square kilometers), and the complex physiographic changes that occurred, the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811-1812 rank as some of the largest in the United States since its settlement by Europeans.
While scientists say that there is a 7-10% probability of a re-occurrence of the 1811-12 earthquakes within any 50-year window, they also estimate that there is a 25-40% probability of a M6.0 or greater earthquake occurring in the central U.S. within the same period of time. About 200 earthquakes occur in the central U.S. every year-many of which go unnoticed. And while the primary focus remains on the NMSZ , it is not the only area of concern. Earthquakes are also occurring along the Wabash Valley and East Tennessee Seismic Zones and in Oklahoma, Kansas, Ohio, and Texas.
In this webinar, a panel of experts in the fields of insurance and disaster insurance explores the issues of affordability and equitable access to earthquake insurance, discussing both the difficulties of, and the potential options for, widening the use of earthquake insurance to improve the financial resilience of households and communities.
This 2-hour webinar will be hosted by CREW and CUSEC, with funding from the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. For more information, and to register, visit the webinar website at crew.org/earthquake-insurance-webinars
Following FEMA’s “National Preparedness Month” in September, individuals and communities throughout the Nation are encouraged to participate in the annual Great ShakeOut Earthquake Drill. Held annually on the third Thursday of October, the ShakeOut International Day of Action is set for Thursday, October 20*. During the self-led drill, millions of people practice how to “Drop, Cover, and Hold On”. For most people, in most situations, the recommended earthquake safety action is to:
According to CUSEC Executive Director Jim Wilkinson, “Preparedness and safety events such as Great ShakeOut Drills and National Preparedness Month provide citizens a great opportunity to learn how to protect themselves, their families, and businesses against earthquakes and other disasters.”
The ShakeOut is free and open to the public, and participants include individuals, schools, businesses, local and state government agencies, and many other groups. To take part in the ShakeOut, individuals and organizations are asked to join the drill by registering to participate www.shakeout.org. Once registered, participants receive regular information on how to plan their drill and become better prepared for earthquakes and other disasters.
In 2021 more than 15 million people participated in ShakeOut drills nationwide, with 30 million participants worldwide.
* Although millions will participate on October 20, you are welcome to participate any day of the year that works best for you. Your participation date can be noted on your ShakeOut registration form.
The Great Central U.S. ShakeOut is coordinated by CUSEC and our Member and Associate States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and dozens of other partners. ShakeOut is coordinated globally by the Southern California Earthquake Center in Los Angeles, California.
Earthquakes in the central & eastern United States affect much larger areas…
There are many actions you can take to prepare and reduce the danger from earthquakes…
To accomplish our mission,we have four major goal areas that we actively pursue…
Check the CUSEC Events Calendar for upcoming training, meetings, & more…
Sign up for our newsletter to keep up with the latest earthquake info and safety news at CUESEC | <urn:uuid:1f52615e-0f49-4930-812a-0b599ef422ff> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | http://cusec.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649193.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603101032-20230603131032-00715.warc.gz | en | 0.949811 | 1,011 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Marx and Darwin: Two great revolutionary thinkers of the nineteenth century
17 June 2009
This is the first of a three-part series comprising a lecture by WSWS correspondent Chris Talbot to meetings of the International Students for Social Equality in Britain. Part 2 was posted on June 18 and Part 3 on June 19.
We have organised these meetings of the International Students for Social Equality in honour of Charles Darwin from a different standpoint from the many other bicentenary events. We want to bring out the connection between Darwin and that other great thinker of the mid-19th century, Karl Marx.
The importance of Marx hits you when you take in the events of the last few months. We are now in a world economic crisis comparable to, if not more severe than, that of the 1930s, which will have a major effect on all of our futures. Current economic theory completely failed to predict this crisis. The economists cannot explain how it happened and have no answer to it . In contrast, Karl Marx spent much of his life developing an economic analysis that explains the inherent instability of capitalism and provides a scientific basis for the development of the socialist working class movement.
Superficially, it may seem there is not much of a connection between Darwin, the retiring English gentleman, and Marx ,who along with Frederick Engels, was involved in revolutionary communist activity for most of his adult life. But Marx and Engels themselves immediately recognised the significance of Darwin’s theory when On the Origin of Species appeared 150 years ago. Engels wrote to Marx in 1859, just after he had read the first edition of Darwin’s book :
Darwin, by the way, whom I’m reading just now, is absolutely splendid. There was one aspect of teleology that had yet to be demolished, and that has now been done. Never before has so grandiose an attempt been made to demonstrate historical evolution in Nature, and certainly never to such good effect. One does, of course, have to put up with the crude English method.
The last sentence is a reservation that Engels and Marx held—only in private it must be stressed—regarding the methodological approach of Darwin. But throughout their lives they insisted on the importance of Darwin’s work. Teleology, meaning a divine purpose which was working itself out in nature, had been demolished.
Most importantly, Darwin’s theory could “demonstrate historical evolution in Nature.” Here was the most significant development in natural science in the 19th century, the culmination of the revolution in science that began 200 years earlier. Science was at the core of the Enlightenment, the liberation from religious and dogmatic thought that had developed in the preceding century, the outlook of “Dare to Know” in Kant’s famous dictum.
However, the tremendous strides that science had made were largely in physics and chemistry and they did not really involve evolutionary development, or history. It is true that geology, a science that does involve history, had become established, and work in evolutionary biology had begun, but it was still lacking a scientific basis. Darwin had brought about a revolution in thought that would place biology alongside the other natural sciences. And at its core was an explanation of historical development in nature.
Marx and Engels were well aware that to develop a scientific outlook on society—which was the only way that the emerging movement of the working class could establish socialism—a historical approach was needed. When Marx wrote in 1861 on Darwin he stressed this :
Darwin’s work is most important and suits my purpose in that it provides a basis in natural science for the historical class struggle.
This historical approach is the essence of Marx’s method. It is derived from the dialectical approach of the great German philosopher Hegel, another product of the Enlightenment. By the mid-1840s, Marx and Engels had firmly established a materialist and scientific analysis of the historical development of human society, but throughout their lives they continued to develop this work, especially in Marx’s great contribution to the politically economy of capitalism.
In parenthesis it can be pointed out that there was something of a division of labour between them and it was Engels who tended to lead their studies in the natural sciences, as the 1859 letter shows. Even so, we now know from research done on the extensive libraries of Marx and Engels by the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam that Marx read widely in the natural sciences after 1870.
Most of you are familiar with the key mechanisms of Darwin’s historical theory of nature that is now regarded as central to the whole of biology. There are the two sides to it—Natural Selection and Modification by Descent. As Darwin explains himself in the first edition of On the Origin of Species :
Can it, then, be thought improbable . . . that other variations useful in some way to each being in the great and complex battle of life, should sometimes occur in the course of thousands of generations? If such do occur, can we doubt (remembering that many more individuals are born than can possibly survive) that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and procreating their kind? On the other hand, we may feel sure that any variation in the least degree injurious would be rigidly destroyed. This preservation of favorable variations and the rejection of injurious variations I shall call Natural Selection. (Chapter IV)
Several classes of facts . . . seem to me to proclaim so plainly, that the innumerable species, genera and families of organic beings, with which this world is peopled, have all descended, each within its own class or group, from common parents, and have all been modified in the course of descent. (Chapter XIII).
Perhaps in parallel to presenting this core idea of Darwin’s theory, I can briefly set out Marx’s historical approach to society by quoting a footnote that Marx adds in Chapter 15, Section 1, in the first volume of Capital :
Darwin has interested us in the history of Nature’s Technology, i.e., in the formation of the organs of plants and animals, which organs serve as instruments of production for sustaining life. Does not the history of the productive organs of man, of organs that are the material basis of all social organisation, deserve equal attention? And would not such a history be easier to compile, since, as Vico says, human history differs from natural history in this, that we have made the former, but not the latter? Technology discloses man’s mode of dealing with Nature, the process of production by which he sustains his life, and thereby also lays bare the mode of formation of his social relations, and of the mental conceptions that flow from them.
I hope this quote establishes briefly the mechanism of social development understood by Marx and the central role played by labour, “the productive organs of man.” As Marx explains, the social relations of society—fundamentally class relations—and the ideology that flows from them are rooted in the process of production. I will add also the second part of this footnote, as it very much relates to the subject matter of this talk.
Every history of religion, even, that fails to take account of this material basis, is uncritical. It is, in reality, much easier to discover by analysis the earthly core of the misty creations of religion, than, conversely, it is, to develop from the actual relations of life the corresponding celestialised forms of those relations. The latter method is the only materialistic, and therefore the only scientific one. The weak points in the abstract materialism of natural science, a materialism that excludes history and its process, are at once evident from the abstract and ideological conceptions of its spokesmen, whenever they venture beyond the bounds of their own specialty.
Marx took a scientific materialist position, particularly in relation to religion. I will come back to the question raised about abstract materialism in the last sentence.
A vast range of developments have been made in biology since Darwin’s day and the excerpts presented here are only intended to present the essential elements of his theory. But it must be stressed that the synthesis with genetics that took place in the 1930s and 1940s and then the discovery of DNA in the 1950s and the understanding of the biochemical basis of genes since then have only validated Darwin’s basic theory.
We could make the same point about Marx. The development of imperialism at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century that led to two world wars and fascism has had to be extensively studied and explained from the Marxist standpoint. The 1917 Russian Revolution was a tremendous confirmation of Marx’s theory. It established the first workers’ state. The rise of Stalinism and the bureaucratic degeneration and eventual collapse of the Soviet Union called for extensive analysis, which our movement, the International Committee of the Fourth International has carried out.
The two great historical theories of the 19th century, of Darwin and Marx—the pinnacle of Enlightenment thought—have fundamentally changed our understanding of the world. They were part of the development of science in its broadest form—the desire to comprehend the natural and social worlds in order to change them for the benefit of mankind.
Consider the letter from Darwin to Marx in 1873. Marx had sent him a copy of Capital, and it is true, as cynical writers today such as Francis Wheen in his biography of Marx have pointed out, that Darwin’s copy only has the first 100 or so pages opened. But Darwin had a fiercely exclusive focus on his own specialized study and seldom strayed outside it. He wrote :
Though our studies have been so different, I believe that we both earnestly desire the extension of Knowledge, & that this is in the long run sure to add to the happiness of mankind.
This approach—to extend knowledge for the benefit of mankind—was taken for granted by both Marx and Darwin and was widely accepted by intellectuals and scientists in that period. I maintain it is possible to retain it today despite all kinds of arguments that it is naïve, or utopian, that it doesn’t take into account so-called human nature, and so on. The many attempts, stemming from the Frankfurt School of social theory and developed by poststructuralists and postmodernists in the last two or three decades, to deny the objective materialist basis of science and to pour scorn on the achievements of the Enlightenment do not diminish the fundamental importance of this approach to knowledge.
This is a vast subject area that is central to the development of a socialist movement in the twenty first century. In this talk I just want to focus on two contemporary Darwinian issues that relate to these many attempts to attack science.
Firstly, I want to look at how evolutionary science is actually viewed today and how it is being dealt with by the political and religious establishment. Secondly, I want to look at controversies that have arisen over the last three decades or so relating to Marx and Darwin and that have created much confusion in understanding the important relationship between these two great thinkers.
To be continued
See for example John Kay, “How economics lost sight of the real world,” Financial Times, April 21, 2009.
cited in Sean B. Carroll, The Making of the Fittest, Quercus, London, 2008.
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch15.htm#S1 (footnote 4)
cited in Francis Wheen, Karl Marx, Fourth Estate, London, 1999. | <urn:uuid:1f33ad3c-6d51-44d0-b0c9-f98e08feabf7> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2009/06/dar1-j17.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510268363.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011748-00352-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963928 | 2,387 | 2.8125 | 3 |
There has been lots of discussion over fat and whether they are good for you or not. Whilst there are some fats you should avoid but there are also fats that you should be eating every day. Understanding your body and your health using the simple Get Gorgeous principles and habits such as increasing your physical activity and making the right food choices will help you to have a better quality of life, a happier day.
Understanding your body and your health using the simple Get Gorgeous principles and habits
Not all fat is bad
A small amount of fat is an essential part of a healthy, balanced diet. Fat is a source of essential fatty acids such as omega-3 – “essential” because the body can’t make them itself.
Fat helps the body absorb vitamins A D and K.
These vitamins are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be absorbed with the help of fats.
Any fat not used by your body’s cells or to create energy is converted into body fat. Likewise, unused carbohydrate and protein are also converted into body fat.
Trans fats – AVOID
Trans fats are in:
Trans fats are fat molecules that have been deformed during a process called hydrogenation. These fats affect and alter the cholesterol in your gorgeous body.
There are two types of cholesterol – LDL (bad cholesterol) and HDL (good cholesterol).
The good stuff HDL protects your cells by creating a barrier and removes fat molecules from your cells.
Trans fat, however, raise your LDL ‘bad’ cholesterol and actively lower your good cholesterol
Look for ‘ hydrogenated vegetable oil’ on food labels and avoid it. Or even easier, avoid foods which don’t go mouldy in a week.
Saturated fats – BALANCE
Like animal fats, butter, eggs, cheese and coconut oil are have been shown to increase your levels of good fat ‘HDL’.
A balanced amount of saturated fat can increase good cholesterol in your blood and benefit your heart. You can’t sit down and eat your way through a round of cheese and copious amounts of wine, but a cheesy omelette is fantastic.
Plus whole fat dairy options can make you feel fuller for longer.
Unsaturated fats – Monounsaturated
Monounsaturated fats help protect our hearts by maintaining levels of HDL cholesterol while reducing levels of LDL cholesterol.
Monounsaturated fats are found in:
Unsaturated fats – Polyunsaturated
Polyunsaturated fats are found in sunflower oil and oily fish like salmon and mackerel. They can help lower your level of LDL cholesterol. There are two types of polyunsaturated fats: omega-3 and omega-6. Some types of omega-3 and omega-6 fats cannot be made by the body and are therefore essential in small amounts in the diet.
Omega-6 fats are found in vegetable oils such as rapeseed, corn, sunflower and some nuts.
Omega-3 fats are found in oily fish such as mackerel, kippers, herring, trout, sardines, salmon and fresh tuna. Omega-3 are the healthiest and most essential and help to reduce stroke risk, heart function and build brain cells and help your nervous system.
These two fats need balance and Omega-6 is in great abundance in your diet, mostly from cooking oil and the food chain. That is why nutritionists encourage you to eat grass fed beef and organic chicken.
You need to eat more omega-3 by eating at least two portions of fish a week, including one of oily fish.
Vegetable sources of omega-3 fats are not thought to have the same benefits on your heart health as those found in fish.
If you are looking for some help book into watch my workshop on fats | <urn:uuid:c5e4f0bd-1d74-4dd4-b706-fe65fdeb7607> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://get-gorgeous.com/not-fat-bad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711390.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20221209043931-20221209073931-00440.warc.gz | en | 0.940336 | 796 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The History of How Home Alarm Systems Have Evolved
Security alarm systems have evolved drastically with the passage of time. Older models may go off instantly when a point of entry such as a door or a window is opened. Nowadays, home security alarm systems have changed for the better. More and more innovative ideas are being implemented with the advancement of technology, which is good for homeowners.
Introducing the Central Monitoring Station
Traditional home security alarm systems had a sole purpose: make loud noise so that the people in the vicinity are alerted of an intruder. As the technology advanced, new systems were built that would send out a signal or a code to a central monitoring station informing them of the location of the alarm so that the police could be dispatched. Home phone lines were used to send out these signals. But it had a flaw; thieves realized that they could get more time to steal by simply cutting the phone line. The system would still make noise, but because there would be no signal sent to the central monitoring station, the authorities would not be dispatched.
Adding Cell Phones to the Mix
Some years later, a new phase of communication was introduced in order to overcome the flaw described above. Cellular networks got involved and helped communicating signals wirelessly to the central station. The main advantage of using this mode of communication is that thieves cannot do anything to prevent the signal from reaching the central monitoring station.
Additional Features of Using Cellular Communication
Over the years, cell phones have transformed drastically. Phone lines are not necessary nowadays to set up security alarm at a home. These days, you can upgrade your home alarm system to use with your cell phone and forget about a traditional phone line. You also gain access to remote control of your entire home security system, which means you can simply login via your smartphone, check your system, and enable/disable the security alarm remotely.
With the remote access available on your smartphone, you can easily control various security devices with the tap of your finger. Such devices include thermostats, lighting, door locks, etc.
The Next Phase of Alarm Communication
Apart from the change in overall alarm system communication, there have also been changes in the information that these systems send to a central monitoring station. Over the years, alarm systems have sent a lot of false alarms. Because of this, there have been a lot of cases where the police have been misused and in some other cases, the authorities did not respond at all. This issue has been dealt with by the introduction of video verification (described below).
The latest improvement in the home security alarm system is the introduction of video verification. Alarm systems with this feature not only detect an alarm, but they also send out a few seconds video clip to central monitoring station. The personnel there can then review the video clip and when it is confirmed that there is an intruder in the house, they dispatch the police. This has resulted in a much higher arrest rate as well as faster response time.
If you have a home or business in The Coachella Valley, and are concerned about the overall security of your property, see our page for special offers on a new alarm system, then contact the professional alarm consultants at Command One Security! We are eager to discuss with you the most effective and economical options we have available for home security today. Call us today at (760) 568-0052! | <urn:uuid:9575ba07-4d87-459c-8b9d-60020f731bf7> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | http://www.commandone.com/history-home-alarm-systems-evolved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474775.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229003536-20240229033536-00029.warc.gz | en | 0.961314 | 685 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Here at WORTH we are always on the lookout for up and coming trends that we witness through the WORTH Partnership Project winners and throughout the design and technology industry. What is important to us and new designers is the aspect of sustainability, a ‘hot topic’ among the new wave of talent.
The importance of designing sustainable, environmentally friendly and innovative products and manufacturing processes is not just an effort to sustain the design and technical industry, but it is an overall effort to sustain the existence of the planet.
One theme that we have observed, and will continue to nurture is the concept of ‘zero waste’. This is not a new concept to design and in particular, the fashion industry, however it is making waves within larger scale manufacturing companies for the first time.
‘Zero Waste’ is a process of producing products that leave no excess material to waste, therefore decreasing the amount of waste materials from the manufacturing process that often end up in landfill and consequently add to the pollution of the planet.
It’s estimated that 15 to 20 percent of the fabric used to produce clothing winds up in the nation’s landfills because it is cheaper to dump the scraps in the waste bin than to recycle them responsibly. This is the point where new designers with a high regard for sustainability come in. Apart from the incline of clothing labels that design garments that are cut using every inch of fabric, therefore eliminating waste completely, there is also the influx of designers that source waste materials from factories which they then use to create new and unique garments.
‘Zero Waste’ is a method that, although initiated by small one-off manufacturing companies, is quickly gaining momentum within the fashion industry, and design industry as a whole. This can be seen in the innovative partnership projects of Esther Perbandt and The Institute For Advanced Architecture Of Catalonia (IAAC) who are developing a process to produce luxury fashion using PVC-based waste materials and the partnership of Spell Disain, Pambu Ltd and Kerstin Zabransky who are creating a collection of clothing with magically adapted stories for kids by using colour-changing and glow-in-the-dark pigments made from factory leftover materials.
We look forward to seeing the growth of this new trend in the hopes that the results go further than just ensuring the longevity of the design and technical industries.
- Közzététel dátuma
- 2018. június 11.
- Európai Innovációs Tanács és Kkv-ügyi Végrehajtó Ügynökség
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The digital illustration refers to a non-traditional method of creating an image that offers a narrative. You can make this narrative tell a story, express a concept, convey a mood, or even sell a product. Let’s take a detailed look into the world of digital illustrations.
What Is Digital Illustration?
Digital illustration is part of the broad spectrum of new media art. In this art form, you create various elements, such as a character, prop, or environment, and use them to engineer an illustrative image. This image is created using digital tools, such as a tablet and a stylus, combined with illustration software and digital paintbrushes.
Digital illustration is not the same as computer-generated art or digital manipulation of photographs. Instead, it is an original work of art that you create from scratch.
How Is Digital Illustration Different From Digital Painting?
Digital illustration and digital painting share specific common characteristics and experience some overlap. It is no surprise, however, that they have some differences as well. So let’s take a look at what sets these two art forms apart:
Digital illustration is an art that illustrates or explains a concept or an idea. Digital painting is a technique that helps to create art.
Digital illustration is not confined to painting alone. The illustrations can include digital drawings, vector art, collage, etc. Digital painting relates to an artwork created digitally using a tablet and software.
Digital illustration can be a stand-alone piece (such as a collage) or part of a larger work (such as a book with illustrated images). Digital painting is more often only a stand-alone piece.
Advantages of Digital Illustrations
There are several advantages of opting for digital illustrations. Some of the top benefits are as follows:
Digital illustrations provide endless possibilities to experiment with your work.
It is easy to fix mistakes in digital illustrations.
It is a fast and reliable way to create stunning artwork.
You need just a hardware component and software to get started.
It is a lot less messy to work on the digital platform than in the traditional mediums.
Types Of Digital Illustrations
Digital illustrations are of two major kinds: freehand digital illustrations and vector graphics.
Freehand Digital Illustrations
Freehand digital illustration shares many similarities with traditional illustrations created on canvas, paper, or other such mediums. The main difference lies in the procedure in which the illustrations are created. This type of illustration is done digitally.
Freehand digital illustrations use various digital colours, tools, and brush presets to come up with stunning illustrations effectively. Different types of effects can be achieved using this method of illustration. It allows for a very smooth transition of light and shadows. Since it is a digital medium, it is easy to undo mistakes or edit your illustrations.
Freehand digital illustrations illustrate books, storyboarding, recreational art, various design processes, animation, etc.
Vector graphics refer to computer graphic images expressed using two-dimensional points and connected with the help of curves or lines to make various shapes. This category of digital illustration is typically stored in PDF, EPS, or SVG formats.
Vector graphics are characterized by their shape, definition, and clear outlines. However, it is not easy to make smooth transitions using this category of digital illustration. Vectors are used primarily to create illustrations for the web, including logos, posters, etc. You can rotate, stretch, and skew these illustrations to come up with different results.
Tools Used For Digital Illustrations
True to its name, a digital illustration is created using digital tools. The essential tools required for digital illustrations include a hardware component and software supplies.
You need the hardware component to bring alive your digital illustrations. A tablet serves as an ideal gadget for this purpose. You can select from three main categories of tablets to use for this purpose:
Graphic Pads Or Digitizer Pen Tablets
They are the most basic form of graphic tablets. To create illustrations on this graphic tablet, you will have to draw over a touchpad using a stylus. In addition, this tablet has to be connected to a computer or laptop that acts as the tablet’s screen. This means you will have to look at the computer screen while drawing on the tablet to see the results.
It is an affordable tablet that needs very little maintenance.
Monitor Tablets Or Display Tablets
Monitor tablets come with an integrated screen. While this tablet allows you to see what you are drawing on the screen, you still have to connect it to a computer. This category of a tablet is more expensive when compared to graphic tablets, but it helps you get better control over your drawings.
All-In-One Tablets Or Standalone Tablets
All-in-one tablets are the most advanced category of tablets that you can use for your digital illustrations. These tablets come equipped with several essential features, such as a wide range of pressure limits, exceptional responsiveness, and palm rejection. In addition, you don’t have to connect this tablet to a computer screen as it can function on its own.
While it is the most expensive of the three varieties of tablets, it also offers many desirable features.
Another critical aspect of digital illustration is the software. There is a wide variety of software available that enables you to unleash your creativity. Some of the popular software used in digital illustrations are as follows:
Clip Studio Paint Pro
Digital illustrations and digital paintings are both excellent means to produce stunning images with the help of digital tools. The live interactive workshops on GoSocial can help you learn more about these art forms and improve your skills as a digital artist. The best part is that you can exchange ideas with fellow learners and learn from your favourite creators on the platform.
Why wait any longer? Join this enthusiastic community of artists and creators to fulfil your artistic aspirations. | <urn:uuid:6808a042-af6a-40b6-b53a-442afeb9a5c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://blog.gosocial.io/what-digital-illustration-how-different-digital-painting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103036099.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625190306-20220625220306-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.924506 | 1,248 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Wednesday, May 9th, 2012
The laboratory led by CGSB faculty member Mark Siegal has found mechanisms by which yeast employs a bet hedging strategy that enables some cells to survive in harsh environments, which increases overall population fitness when environmental shifts are unpredictable. In a paper published this month in the journal PLoS Biology discovered heterogeneity in cells that can are associated with bet hedging , which is also likely to be an important strategy by which microbes infect humans and evade antimicrobial treatments. The Siegal laboratory has found that populations of genetically identical yeast have a broad distribution of growth rates and that slow growth predicts resistance to heat killing. They identify several gene products that are likely to play a role in this bet-hedging strategy and confirm that Tsl1, a regulator of the production of the sugar trehalose, is an important component of stress resistance. They suggest that trehalose synthesis is part of a complex mechanism that underlies bet hedging in yeast. | <urn:uuid:e323239e-f16b-4a54-889c-106aeee12596> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://as.nyu.edu/departments/biology/events-news/news/2012/siegal-lab-discovers-bet-hedging-in-yeast.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510100.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925215547-20230926005547-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.965704 | 194 | 2.890625 | 3 |
In a few days, Veterans Day will mark the one hundred years that have passed since, at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month, an armistice document was signed in a railway carriage in the northern French forest of Compiègne. In that moment over four years of increasingly brutal hostilities between the allied nations and Germany came to a grinding halt and The Great War, as it was called, was finally over.
I have a special connection to the war. My grandfather served in France and I inherited his service ribbon, dog tags, and photos. I don’t know much about his time there other than he was with a Regiment of forestry Engineers as his photos demonstrate. I remember him as a deeply patriotic man and, like many of his generation, he talked with pride about having served his country, but was reserved about the details of his deployment.
The scale and impact of the war is difficult to comprehend, the war claimed the lives of over 20 million service members and left millions more wounded. Cities were left in ruins and countless fields and forests, pock-marked with craters formed by heavy bombardment, were all but obliterated. It was a war that left survivors as scarred as the landscape. The term shellshock was coined to describe a new kind of battle fatigue that military leaders feared could become epidemic. It described what what we today call Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
And yet, even though the war crushed the bodies, psyches, and souls of so many, it also provided new opportunities for women. In the years before the war, British suffragettes had campaigned vigorously, and sometimes violently, throwing rocks through windows, smashing glass cases at museums, even attacking works of art. Their disruptions caused museums and public monuments to close and the revenue they disrupted pinched the pocketbooks of the government and drew attention to the movement. When Britain declared war against Germany in 1914, the suffragettes swiftly shifted their strategy from fighting against the government to supporting it in the hopes that they would be able to win hearts and change minds through service.
Suffragettes like Dr. Louisa Garrett Anderson and Dr. Flora Murray (lifelong “companions” who were laid to rest side-by-side and whose epitaph reads “we were gloriously happy,” but but that’s another story) established the Women’s Hospital Corps in 1914 and ran military hospitals first in northern France and later in London and staffed them top to bottom–administrators, surgeons, anesthesiologists, pathologists, dentists, nurses, clerks, drivers, orderlies– entirely with women.
The London hospital, known as the Endell Street Military Hospital, opened in 1915 and treated over 26,000 patients and its surgeons completed over 7,000 surgeries before it closed in 1919. The hospital, purposefully located close to a railway station, received deliveries of injured soldiers daily, usually late at night, from front line medical clearing stations. Surgical teams frequently completed 20 surgeries a day. Although the doctors were not awarded military rank (something that Murray and Anderson actively sought) they did receive the same pay and benefits as their military counterparts.
The motto of the Endell Street hospital, “Deeds Not Words,” was the same motto used by the suffragettes before the war. Murray and Anderson wanted to make it abundantly clear to both the patients they served and to government officials in the Home Office that female medical professionals and staff were as competent, and in many ways better, as any man. There is little doubt that they affected public attitudes that led to legislation passing in November 1918 that gave women in Britain the right to vote.
These women, as compassionate as they were fierce, deeply inspired me while writing Holding Their Place. I hope that my story, in some small way, honors them and their service to their country during a terrible time of war, as well as to the future generations of women. | <urn:uuid:2ca29b6e-382c-4838-af4d-b361001ba4ba> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://kellywacker.com/2018/11/08/veterans-day-looking-back-100-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347321.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224194337-20210224224337-00027.warc.gz | en | 0.985769 | 815 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Increasing globalization has created opportunities to cross cultural boundaries when inventing products, engaging in business activities, and building teams. How do people perceive cultural trespassing, and judgments of the crossing of cultural borders as inappropriate?
Previous research has shown that exposure to foreign influences can concern people, heightening negative reactions and feelings of being under threat. However, we still know relatively little about how people nowadays react to cultural mixing and the crossing of cultural boundaries. In a series of experiments over the past few years, my colleague and I discovered that cultural fusing is a touchstone, eliciting different reactions as a function of people’s fundamental beliefs about cultural factors. These are called diversity ideologies.
Three basic diversity ideologies (colorblindness, multiculturalism and polyculturalism) all aim to overcome prejudice and intergroup conflict and to enhance intergroup relations. But they use different approaches to managing cultural differences.
Managing Cultural Differences
Colorblindness encourages people to ignore cultural backgrounds and focus on sameness, since all conflicts and prejudice are seen to arise from the recognition of differences. Multiculturalism emphasizes the need to acknowledge and preserve cultural differences in the belief that all problems are rooted in the misunderstanding and disrespect of other groups. It should be that each ethnic or cultural group has the right to maintain its traditions and protect its values and identity against the influence of the dominant culture. The more recently developed ideology of polyculturalism also acknowledges the importance of cultural differences, but it places more weight on the view that cultures continually influence one another. Taking this perspective, cultures evolve due to the interactions which take place between different groups. How, though, do these diversity ideologies impact our judgments about and preferences for mixing and crossing cultures?
Imagine an American businessman visiting an office in China. During a meeting, he adapts his behavior to match Chinese cultural norms, aiming to behave exactly as a typical Chinese businessman would. Do you like him? Do you appreciate his efforts to accommodate a different culture? A few years ago, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg gave a speech in Mandarin to Chinese students at Tsinghua University, using the local cultural style. Some of the students admired his flexibility and attempts to fit in, while others questioned his authenticity given that access to Facebook had been blocked. Why did the locals feel differently about an outsider’s efforts to accommodate and adapt?
Judgments about Outsiders’ Accommodation to Local Norms
This is confusing. Based on the commonsense view that “when in Rome, do as the Romans do,” these efforts might seem advisable and could be expected to charm locals. However, real-world findings and scientific research suggest that foreign visitors who alter their behavior to accommodate local norms completely (high accommodation) sometimes elicit negative feedback. To solve this puzzle, my colleague and I investigated how diversity ideologies guide different judgments about outsiders’ accommodation to local norms (Cho, Morris, & Dow, in press). We found that high accommodation by outsiders is viewed more negatively through the multicultural perspective (which sees cultural traditions as unique and preserved over time) than through that of polyculturalism (which sees cultures interacting with and contributing to one another). People with a multicultural mindset, it seems, are concerned that outsiders are not showing their true heritage and identity when they try to accommodate local norms completely. The findings suggested that when people enter new cultural zones in teams, organizations or countries, they should be mindful about what a dominant ideology is and how much they should try to accommodate local cultural norms.
Choosing Cultural Fusion
In addition to increasing opportunities to cross cultural boundaries, globalization engenders cultural fusion in cuisine, leisure activities, and a wide range of other experiences. When I meet my American friends for dinner, many of them are interested in tasting “authentic” Korean foods instead of Korean fusion dishes. My colleagues and I tested whether choosing fusion cuisine or something comparable depends on people’s underlying diversity ideologies (Cho, Morris, Slepian, & Tadmor, 2017).
We found that the polycultural mindset increased preferences for culturally mixed experiences (e.g. a Japanese-Brazilian aikido class) over culturally unitary experiences (e.g. a Japanese aikido class). Polyculturalism reduced concerns about cultural purity or “contamination” when experiencing a foreign culture, which made cultural fusion more favored. These findings imply that diversity ideologies may guide differing understandings of cultural authenticity, suggesting that polyculturalism embraces foreign influences more readily, rather than viewing them as threats or sources of contamination.
This still leaves a number of important questions to consider. How should organizations foster trust in newcomers from different cultures? When is cultural mixing most appealing? When are people willing to connect with those who have different cultural outlooks? How do people overcome cultural threats and, instead, become cultural chameleons? My research program is aimed at answering these questions in the hope of inspiring greater cultural diversity. | <urn:uuid:9b68c959-9b90-4bde-a619-600a3555e5eb> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://globalnetwork.io/perspectives/2018/09/power-diversity-ideologies-globalization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506580.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402014600-20200402044600-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.947517 | 1,000 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Baldwin is a hamlet and census designated place in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau COunty, New York. The community is served by the Baldwin Union Free School District. Indigenous peoples who lived in the area called themselves the Meroke, or Merrick, and they lived in two villages along the Millburn creek. The land became known as Hick’s Neck in 1643, after John Hicks, originally from Flushing, who settled in the area along with John Spragg from England. The community was called Millburn for a while, but was renamed Baldwinville in 1855 in honor of Thomas Baldwin, a sixth generation resident and the leading merchant of the area. In 1892, the community was officially renamed Baldwin by an act of local government, after the Postal Service changed the named from Baldwinsville to Baldwins so as not to be confused with the village of Baldwinsville in Upstate New York. When Baldwin was officially removed from Queens County in 1899, a local realtor Charles Leuresson, coined the name “Beautiful Baldwin” for the community. The area quickly became a popular living destination, and by 1930 it had grown to become New York’s largest unincorporated village. By 1960, Levittown had stolen that title, but Baldwin remained a popular town for boating, fishing and enjoying the bay. | <urn:uuid:cf7b692c-3ca3-42e9-9fb6-8c3d99a64416> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://longislandscrubs.com/shop-scrubs%E2%80%8B-near-baldwin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.981834 | 283 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Gaining weight in lifting weights
Bodybuilding utilizes weight training to boost muscle growth, aesthetics and shape of their human body. Bodybuilders perform anaerobic, high-intensity immunity training, which means they do fewer reps with considerably heavier weight. Strength training improves the operational output .
Strength training involves carrying more repetitions using much less fat. Bodybuilders can utilize strength training, however they do this with the goal of having the ability to lift more weight to better their physique.
Bodybuilders, using their focus on evolution of mass, often lose excess weight, but using strength training you’re able to shed weight or gain weight, based on how much weight you’ve got you could shed, the number of calories you burn off on your different actions and the way you handle your diet plan.
Weight lifting improves endurance and strength, reduces danger of harm, improves athletic performance, strengthens joints and bones, reduces blood pressure and makes it possible to lose weight. Even though some folks try to shed weight and boost fitness, others attempt to boost muscle growth, which increases fat loss. Whether you get or eliminate fat when lifting weights is dependent upon many things, including the character and intensity of your weightlifting plan and your daily diet plan.
Calorie and Fat Burn Reduce Strength Training
Weightlifting burns off calories and thus can help you in managing and losing weight. A 180-lb. Individual carrying out a mild to moderate 60-minute exercise burns 257 calories. Weightlifting burns blood sugar and after that burns off calories, carbohydrates out of food you have eaten throughout the day which are stored on the muscles and liver. And Pilates also pops fatty acids in the fat stores. Regular Pilates fosters your metabolism.
Whether or not you would like to improve strength, improve muscle tone or create lean, well-defined muscles, then weightlifting makes it possible to burn fat and create muscle. Fat is less dense than the muscle, consuming less space, and that means you can lose weight even if you are losing weight or maybe gaining weight.
Give your body some , possibly a few months, to recalibrate itself because it adjusts to a exercise regimen, also measure yourself using a tape guideline to track progress. Whenever you’re weightlifting, inches and look, rather than pounds, can function as the ideal measure of improvement.
Power Training Versus Bodybuilding | <urn:uuid:13493aad-d44f-49a7-b14f-272e4805cd91> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://buffedd.com/qa/does-weightlifting-make-you-gain-weight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583657557.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116175238-20190116201238-00121.warc.gz | en | 0.946649 | 480 | 2.578125 | 3 |
It may seem obvious, but blood is made from many things. Blood plasma, for instance, is mostly made of water, carrying proteins and cells along with various chemicals diluted within the plasma or bound to proteins. For instance, sodium bicarbonate – baking soda – is, in fact, a vital chemical that our bodies use to maintain a healthy level of blood acidity.
Other than the plasma, there are the “formed elements” of the blood: the red and white blood cells along with the clot-causing platelets. These are created mostly in the bone marrow when we are adults, and they circulate for a while before being broken down and recycled in the spleen.
Where does blood come from?
Within the bone marrow, there are ‘haematopoietic’ (blood-making) stem cells. These are generally long-term hematopoietic stem cells, but each of them can leave the bone marrow and change its gene expression before dividing to form one short-term hematopoietic stem cell and one long-term one, which is returned to the bone marrow, keeping the number of long-term cells constant.
Source: Gangaraju, V., & Lin, H. (2009). MicroRNAs: key regulators of stem cells. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 10(2), 116-125.
Various hormones in the blood can then interact with the short-term hematopoietic stem cells, causing it to form either a common myeloid progenitor cell, which makes most blood cells, or a common lymphoid progenitor cell, which makes most immune cells, depending on the hormones that the cell detects.
At this point, the two types of cells can change (differentiate) into all of the blood cells in the circulatory system, depending on what further hormonal ‘instructions’ they are given.
Stem cell loss
The loss of stem cells is a hallmark of aging. The number of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow decreases with age, as does their activity. This makes the formation of new blood and immune cells more difficult, decreasing the body’s ability to fight disease or recover from blood loss.
The reduced amount of blood cells also reduces the amount of oxygen that the body can take in, causing shortness of breath and making exercise difficult. Perhaps to compensate for this, the percentage of haematopoietic stem cells which are focused on creating red blood cells increases in comparison to the amount of immune cell-making stem cells . This reduces the number of hematopoietic stem cells focused on maintaining the immune system, leading to the immune system weakening. This prevents the repair of other forms of damage and allows opportunistic infections to appear in the body, leading to illness, disease and discomfort. All of this contributes to the growing frailty and disability that is associated with old age.
A possible solution
Recently, researchers have succeeded in producing new hematopoietic stem cells from a population of common myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells through chemicals known as Yamanaka factors, which induce pluripotence . This allows cells descended from hematopoietic stem cells to become hematopoietic stem cells again.
This makes it a plausible approach to take cells from a patient, turn them into hematopoietic stem cells, and then return them. This might be a possible solution to replenishing the dwindling pool of hematopoietic stem cells and avoiding the age-related diseases associated with stem cell depletion.
Rundberg Nilsson, A., Soneji, S., Adolfsson, S., Bryder, D., & Pronk, C. (2017). Human and Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging Is Associated with Functional Impairments and Intrinsic Megakaryocytic/Erythroid Bias.
Riddell, J., Gazit, R., Garrison, B., Guo, G., Saadatpour, A., & Mandal, P. et al. (2014). Reprogramming Committed Murine Blood Cells to Induced Hematopoietic Stem Cells with Defined Factors. Cell, 157(3), 549-564. | <urn:uuid:a17e63d4-893a-46f9-bd24-b32563f09557> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.leafscience.org/haemopoiesis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741151.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20181112215517-20181113001106-00001.warc.gz | en | 0.908382 | 906 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Nassar’s sister, Amal, has a different explanation. The government, together with the Israeli settlers who live around the farm, is “trying to push us to violence or push us to leave,” she says. Amal insists that her family will not move from the land, nor will they abandon their commitment to peaceful resistance.
“Nobody can force us to hate,” she says. “We refuse to be enemies.”
That phrase, which is painted on a stone at the entrance to the farm, was first used by her father, Bishara Nassar. Long before the concept became widely known among Palestinians, he taught his children a theory of non-violence that was rooted in his own Christian beliefs.
Bishara (“Gospel”) Nassar was a child when his father bought this land in 1916. Even at that time, as World War One transformed the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire limped to an end, Palestinian Christians were beginning to emigrate. After the war of 1948 the Christian exodus from the West Bank quickened, and Bishara, who was a gifted preacher and accordionist, began to travel round the nearby villages, singing songs and leading Bible study in family homes. Music and stories, he thought, might deepen the faith and lift the spirits of Bethlehem’s Christian children, encouraging them to stay.
Bishara also came to believe that the Christian community had a special role to play in building a more peaceful future.
“My father always said, ‘We will never achieve peace in Palestine and Israel just by shaking hands – we need to work on people, to start with the grassroots’,” says Amal Nassar. “So what we do now, as a family, is fulfilling the dream of my father that people can build bridges, for hope, for understanding, reconciliation, dialogue, to achieve peace. This is the idea.”
Guided by that vision, she and her brothers have transformed the farm into a centre for peace-building and non-violent resistance called the Tent of Nations.
For more than 20 years they have held workshops here, welcoming Israeli students, rabbis, and peace activists, as well as groups from across Europe and America. They run summer camps for local schools, teaching Palestinian children about non-violence and encouraging them to develop a love for the land by working and playing on the farm. This is especially important, says Amal Nassar, for a generation that has grown up in the refugee camps and urban sprawl behind Israel’s separation barrier. She also trains Palestinian women in non-violence, while her mother – Bishara’s widow, Milada – cooks traditional food for the day’s guests. | <urn:uuid:67e819b1-14d5-4997-b97d-c496a9c23790> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://ethan.biometric-fingerprint.com/archives/tag/special/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608669.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526163521-20170526183521-00035.warc.gz | en | 0.973374 | 578 | 2.71875 | 3 |
- Negative Thinking
- Emotional Intelligence
- Empathy & Compassion
- Defense Mechanisms
- Anger Management
- Coping with Loss & Grief
- Higher Purpose
- Meditation and Healing
How Sahaja meditation Promotes Creativity
If someone asked you to define creativity, you might find it hard to offer a specific answer. Creativity tends to be highly subjective, after all. But we know it when we see it. Psychologists tell us it’s the ability to combine novelty and usefulness in a particular context, or to restructure one’s understanding of a situation in an original, non-obvious way. But how it happens, exactly, and why some of us seem to have it and some of us don’t, is more complicated.
What’s going on inside our brains when we’re engaged in creative thinking? There is no one neurochemical or brain circuit that governs whether you’ll be creative or not. Some research has found that creativity results from various combinations (theoretically infinite, perhaps) of four different kinds of mechanisms or creative insights:
- two modes of thought (deliberate or spontaneous)
- two types of information (emotional or cognitive)
Each of these four mechanisms is thought to be mediated by a distinct brain circuit, neural loops that terminate in the working memory buffer of the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which holds the contents of consciousness — knowledge. The prefrontal cortex is the region of the frontal lobe that’s responsible for thinking and problem-solving, as well as providing us with a sense of self.
Knowledge and creative thinking interact to generate solutions, and, of course, this relationship can change over time. But regardless of how a creative insight initially came about, circuits in the brain’s prefrontal cortex make that creative insight fully conscious, evaluate its appropriateness, and ultimately implement its creative expression, transforming creative insights into creative behavior (Dietrich, 2004).
Can meditation make us more creative?
Whether we’re talking about writing an opera, painting a masterpiece, or inventing the next great tech gadget, creativity is the result of neurophysiological processes, a collective of different processes, in fact, that operate in tandem disparate areas of the brain. These processes are influenced by meditation.
Meditation can do for the mind what working out at the gym does for the body: It makes your mind both stronger and more flexible, essential qualities of a creative mind.
Here are some highlights of how meditation promotes creativity…
- Fosters an optimum consciousness that’s conducive to creative insight, connects you to creative, imaginative space beyond the conventional
- Connects you to your authentic self, increasing self-awareness, emotional honesty and acceptance
- Strengthens and sharpens attention, concentration and focus
- Relieves performance anxiety and boosts self-confidence, quiets the noise and the inner critic
- The brain becomes better connected, better balanced, better synchronized, better organized and more efficient
Sahaja Meditation’s Role in Creativity
Emotional honesty lies at the core of many of the world’s finest works of creativity, whether they be songs, books, paintings or a clever website. To be emotionally honest, we must first be emotionally aware — self-aware. The more open we are to both new experiences and our own true emotional experiences, the easier it becomes to express them. Meditation teaches us to focus on the present moment, which enhances self-awareness — the ability to observe and monitor your thoughts, feelings and sensations as they are happening and to be in touch with your actual felt experience. Meditation transcends ordinary planes of consciousness and connects you with your true, authentic inner self.
In enhancing self-awareness, Sahaja meditation promotes introspection and intuitive insight. Intuitive understanding or insight is a process by which information that normally lies outside the range of conscious awareness is perceived by our psychophysiological systems, which can be continously enhanced and fine-tuned by regular meditation. Intuitive perception and human creativity are closely linked (Andreasen, 2005). (See: How Sahaja Meditation Improves Sensory Perception, Dexterity, Coordination and Fine Motor Skills.)
Sahaja meditation also has been found to boost mood and increase positive thoughts and feelings. Several studies have shown that positive mood enhances overall problem-solving, and specifically increases the likelihood of solving them with creative insight (e.g., Subramaniam et al, 2009). Positive mood was found to prepare the brain for engaging in creative problem-processing. Other studies have shown that positive mood broadens the scope of our attention to both external visual space and internal conceptual space (Rowe et al., 2007), setting the stage for creative thinking.
Sahaja meditation opens up new dimensions in your life, and helps you notice, appreciate and understand aspects of your self like never before. Creativity blossoms.
You may find yourself exploring new dimensions and activities that before, you only appreciated from a distance.
Letting go of the conventional
Creativity is not always about coming up with new ideas. Often, it’s about letting the mind roam freely, giving it permission to ignore conventional solutions and explore uncharted territory. This freedom requires an ability — and willingness — to suppress habitual responses. It involves a willingness to take risks. This capacity to let go has been found to involve a dampening of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in triggering the fear response (Heilman, 2005). Norepinephrine also plays a role in long-term memory retrieval, thus its decrease during creative thinking may help the brain temporarily suppress what it already knows, encouraging us to explore new ideas and make novel connections.
Meditation has been found to decrease norepinephrine (Newberg, A., Iverson, J., 2003), which might both allow us to let go of the conventional, as well as to suppress the fear response and our internal censor — that inner critical voice that comments on your performance. Meditation helps us let go of past conditionings, those old voices that replay again and again in our minds… “You have no creative talent…” “You can’t make a living doing that!”
Turning off the censor
If you over-think a jump shot, you fall out of the zone and become more likely to miss the shot. If you censor or criticize your own performance during, for example, musical improvisation, you suppress creativity. Developing an ability to suppress those self-monitoring brain mechanisms promotes the free flow of novel ideas and impulses.
Studies have shown that during improvisation and bursts of creativity, the brain’s self-monitor shuts down and allows uncensored creativity to flow. One fMRI study found that when jazz musicians were engaged in a creative and spontaneous act of improvisation, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the large portion of the prefrontal cortex that’s involved in monitoring one’s performance, shut down completely, while activity increased in the smaller medial prefrontal cortex, which is involved in self-initiated thoughts and behaviors (Limb & Braun, 2008).
During improvisation, sensory areas (touch, hearing and vision) in the musicians’ brains all showed increased neural activity, suggesting that the brain automatically ramps up sensorimotor processing to prepare for creative tasks. Interestingly, brain activity was found to be nearly identical for both simple and complex improvisations. The changes in brain activity were related to creativity, rather than to how hard the task was.
Sahaja meditation’s state of thoughtless awareness gives us the ability to regulate our attention to focus on the present moment with curiosity, openness and acceptance without the stress of judging it. It is a state of nonjudgmental awareness that helps prepare the mind for the creative process.
We are fully present and alive in the moment. In this present-centered awareness, each thought, feeling and sensation that arises in one’s attentional field is acknowledged and accepted as is. We can observe our thoughts and feelings merely as events in our minds, without over-identifying with them or reacting to them automatically or habitually. This calm, dispassionate state of self-observation inserts, in essence, a “space” between our perceptions and our responses. That open space allows us to respond to situations reflectively, rather than reflexively (Bishop, 2004). And it allows room for creativity to blossom.
Meditation ultimately increases self-confidence, which promotes self-acceptance and supports future creativity. Meditation helps clarify what matters most to us and encourages us to be more inner-directed and intrinsically motivated (rather than extrinsically motivated), thus we are less vulnerable to others’ criticisms of out creative work.
Shutting out the noise
Hundreds of ideas may float through our minds on the average day, many of them little more than white noise. Sahaja meditation’s state of thoughtless awareness silences the noise and empties the mind of clutter, resulting in a mind that’s free to create. Developing a clear mind through meditation allows us to field a deeper flow of ideas without getting swept away into frenzied mental distractions that have no relevance or usefulness.
One study found that the brains of creative people are more open to incoming stimuli from the surrounding environment while others’ brains shut out this same information through a process known as “latent inhibition,” the unconscious ability to ignore stimuli that experience tells us are irrelevant. The average person may classify the object and forget about it, even though that object is actually much more complex and interesting than it appears. Creative individuals, by contrast, were found to be more likely to have low levels of latent inhibition. Always open to new possibilities, they remained in contact with the extra information constantly streaming in from the environment. They were able to cut out other sensory input and boost the ‘signal-to-noise ratio’ in order to retrieve creative insights from the subconscious. But to do this successfully, their brains prepared by automatically shutting down activity in the visual cortex for an instant — the equivalent of closing your eyes to block out distractions so that you can concentrate better (Kounios & Beeman, 2009).
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Diverge or Converge?
Meditation can have a long-lasting influence on human cognition, including how well we connect ideas. One study investigated the influence of different types of meditative techniques on two main aspects of creativity, divergent and convergent styles of thinking (Colzato et al, 2012):
- Divergent thinking allows many new, uncommon ideas to be generated. Often measured using the Alternate Uses Task method in which participants must think of as many novel uses as possible for a particular object; e.g., a pen, a brick, a paper clip.
- Convergent thinking is a process of generating one possible, common solution for a particular problem. Often measured using the Remote Associates Task method where three unrelated words are presented to participants who must identify the common link — i.e., one word that could be combined with each of these three to form a familiar term. For example, the common link for time, hair, and stretch is long. For crab, pine and sauce, the answer is apple. For eye, gown and basket, the answer is ball.
Turns out, not all forms of meditation have the same effect on creativity. Researchers used creativity tasks that measured convergent and divergent thinking to compare the influence of Open Monitoring and Focused Attention meditation techniques on creative thinking. In Open Monitoring meditation, the individual is open and receptive to all the thoughts and sensations experienced, merely observing them in a detached way as they rise and fall. (Sahaja more closely resembles this form of meditation.) Focused Attention meditation involves one-pointed concentration, focusing on a fixed object (e.g., a particular thought, a small coin) and is common in, for example, some forms of Buddhist meditation.
Researchers found that Open Monitoring meditators became better at divergent thinking (multiple uncommon ideas) and generated more new ideas, but Focused Attention meditators did not.
Also, Focused Attention meditation was not able to sustain convergent thinking and was found to have no significant effect on convergent thinking (one common solution) that lead to resolving a problem.
Researchers concluded that Open Monitoring meditation restructures cognitive processing to a degree that would be robust and general enough to influence performance in novel, logically-unrelated tasks. Open Monitoring meditation led to a broader distribution of potential brain resources and a cognitive-control state that was less focused and less “exclusive,” which helped facilitate jumping from one thought to another, as is required in divergent thinking. This correlates with other studies showing that Open Monitoring meditation reduces problems with distributed attention, such as in attentional blink, a phenomenon that occurs when two pieces of information are presented to us in close succession and our brains don’t detect the second piece of information because they’re busy processing the first (Slagter et al, 2007). (For more on attentional blink, please see Attentional Blink: Meditation Makes the Brain’s Information Processing More Efficient.)
In the Flow
Meditation’s capacity to disengage attention results in a resting attentiveness with global, nonspecific meta-awareness (awareness of awareness) — what might be thought of as the essential consciousness.
Engaging attention to the limit with a total participation in the present moment, and with no effort, sense of time, or self-consciousness, results in a conscious totality: the “flow” state. We are at our happiest and most fulfilled when we are “in flow.” We are deriving intrinsic pleasure from an activity; for example, a musician might “lose herself” in her music. Flow, as Csikszentmihalyi describes it, is that unified, energized mental state in which one becomes fully immersed in an activity while experiencing energized focus, spontaneous joy, and emotional alignment with the process (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990).
Characteristics of flow include: sharper focus, enhanced perception, feeling liberated, self-confidence and absence of fear, and a sense that no time had passed. Flow is what we might call “being in the zone.” You know it when it happens. It is optimal experience, the ideal performance state. And it can be inspiring, exhilarating and transformative. You have the sensation that your brain is “firing on all cylinders.”
Meditation, in fact, has been found to actually alter the fundamental electrical balance between the brain’s cerebral hemispheres (Cahn and Polich, 2006), increasing synchrony between emotional processing and reason. The regular Sahaja meditator’s brain becomes better connected, better balanced, better synchronized, better organized and more efficient. Meditation can also dramatically increase focus, alertness and attention span, even for monotonous tasks. Sahaja meditation has been shown to increase activation of — and have “up-regulating” effects on — fronto-parietal attention networks (Aftanas and Golocheikine, 2001, 2002a, b, 2003).
Meditation takes advantage of the brain’s natural plasticity to create structural changes to the brain, thus lasting changes in cognitive processing, including the ability to think creatively. Creative works generally require accurate perception, coordination and dexterity in fine motor movements — all of which first depends on the quality of one’s attention.
Sahaja meditation has been found to sharpen various aspects of sensory perception, such as: perceptual sensitivity and clarity; visual reaction time, as well as dexterity, hand-eye coordination, balance and fine motor skills — essential elements of many creative endeavors. (For more, see How Sahaja Meditation Improves Sensory Perception, Dexterity, Coordination and Fine Motor Skills.)
One 2016 Sahaja meditation study using the brain structure imaging techniques of MRI and Voxel-Based Morphometry found that long-term Sahaja practitioners (compared with non-meditators) had significantly larger grey matter volume (GMV) across their entire brains, a phenomenon that has not previously been found in practitioners of any other meditation technique. (No GMV increases were found in non-meditators.)
Increased gray matter volume is known to correlate with enhancing function. The study also found, in the brains of Sahaja practitioners, greater GMV in right hemispheric regions (insula, ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex, inferior temporal and parietal cortices) associated with, among other traits, sustained attention, cognitive control, emotional control, self-awareness, and interoceptive perception, as well as greater GMV in left hemispheric regions (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left insula) involved in attention, improved performance in cognitive tasks and emotional intelligence (Hernández set al, 2016).
The experience of flow results from peak experiences, a term coined by psychologist Abraham Maslow (Maslow, 1962). Peak experiences are aha moments, those flashes of sudden insight that invent an idea, solve a problem, or reinterpret a situation. They are moments of ecstasy, harmony, awe, wonder, and a sense of limitless horizons, followed by the understanding that the experience had deep meaning that could be applied to everyday life. These moments are what we think of as “the epiphany,” luminous, transient moments during which we have a sense of oneness with the universe.
Maslow believed that peak experiences were characteristic of self-actualizing people, individuals who have an ongoing motivational drive to grow and fulfill their talents and potential. Creatives — and high self-actualizers — have a fresh, open way of looking at things. They are continually developing and becoming, rather than attempting to achieve a fixed state wherein all problems are solved. Creatives are, in fact, often high self-actualizers.
Maslow also identified a longer-term form of peak experience: the plateau experience. Plateau experiences include elements of peak experiences, such as awe, wonder, mystery, surprise, or “aesthetic shock,” but they’re “constant rather than climactic.” For the plateauer, heights or peaks of experience have become part of everyday experience, or as Maslow described it, one perceives “under the aspect of eternity and becomes mythic, poetic, and symbolic about ordinary things.” Ordinary things may not be special or exceptional, but one begins to live “in a world of miracles all the time.”
Doesn’t this sound like a fitting description of our most inspired creative experiences?
Aftanas LI, Golocheikine SA (2001) Human anterior and frontal midline theta and lower alpha reflect emotionally positive state and internalized attention: high-resolution EEG investigation of meditation. Neuroscience Letters 310: 57-60.
Aftanas, L.I., Varlamov, A.A., Pavlov, S.V., et al., Affective Picture Processing: Event-Related Synchronization within Individually Defined Human Theta Band Is Modulated by Valence Dimension, Neurosci. Lett., 2002, vol. 303, p. 115.
Aftanas L., Golosheykin, S. (2005) Impact of regular meditation practice on EEG activity at rest and during evoked negative emotions. International Journal of Neuroscience 115: 893-909.
Andreasen, N.C. (2005) The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius. Dana Press. New York.
Bishop, Scott R. Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice; Autumn 2004; 11, 3; Health Module pg. 230.
Lorenza S. Colzato, Ayca Ozturk, and Bernhard Hommel. Meditate to Create: The Impact of Focused-Attention and Open-Monitoring Training on Convergent and Divergent Thinking.
Frontiers in Psychology. 2012; 3: 116.
Limb CJ, Braun AR. Neural substrates of spontaneous musical performance: an FMRI study of jazz improvisation. PLoS One. 2008 Feb 27;3(2):e1679.
Cahn, B.R., Polich, J., 2006. Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin 132 (2), 180–211.
Csikszentmihaly, M. (1991) Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Perrenial, New York.
Dietrich, A. (2004) The cognitive neuroscience of creativity. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 11(6), 1011–1026.
Lorenza S. Colzato, Ayca Ozturk, Bernhard Hommel. Meditate to Create: The Impact of Focused-Attention and Open-Monitoring Training on Convergent and Divergent Thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 2012; 3.
Heilman, Kenneth. Creativity and the Brain. Psychology Press; 1 edition (April 26, 2005).
Maslow, A. (1962). Lessons from the peak-experiences. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 2, 9-18.
Kounios, John and Beeman, Mark. The Aha! Moment — The Cognitive Neuroscience of Insight. Current Directions in Psychological Science August 2009 vol. 18 no. 4 210-216.
Karuna Subramaniam, John Kounios, Todd B. Parrish, and Mark Jung-Beeman. A Brain Mechanism for Facilitation of Insight by Positive Affect. March 2009, Vol. 21, No. 3, Pages 415-432.
Newberg, A.B. and Iversen, J. (2003) The neural basis of the complex mental task of meditation: neurotransmitter and neurochemical considerations. Med. Hypotheses 61(2), 282–291.
Peterson, Jordan, Carson, Shelley et al. University Of Toronto and Harvard University. Biological Basis For Creativity Linked To Mental Illness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. (2003, October 1)
Rowe, G., Hirsch, J. B., & Anderson, A. K. (2007). Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 101, 383–388.
Slagter HA, Lutz A, Greischar LL, Francis AD, Nieuwenhuis S, Davis JM, Davidson RJ.. Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources. PLoS Biol 2007;5(6):e138. | <urn:uuid:44f10769-a889-4c2f-a3cf-710ab11f2399> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://sahajaonline.com/science-health/self-improvement-traits-abilities/creativity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510085.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925183615-20230925213615-00433.warc.gz | en | 0.908389 | 4,928 | 2.6875 | 3 |
| All Munchkins suffer from a genetic malformation, achondroplasia, which causes their abnormally short legs. All Munchkins are descended from a tomcat named Toulouse. Munchkins are a controversial breed since they are intentionally bred to have a genetic malformation which can lead to health problems. Munchkins come from a pregnant, short-legged cat found under a trailer in Louisiana in the early eighties.
Slovak Republic Animal Rescue
Slovak Republic is Iocated in Europe and spans across approximateIy 18,000 square miIes. The capital of Slovak Republic is Bratislava. The population of Slovak Republic is about 5.4 million. Threatened species known from Slovak Republic include the Bechstein's Bat. | <urn:uuid:4af8379b-dbff-4d66-b645-6cd8b1c78d21> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://munchkin.rescueme.org/sk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106990.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820204359-20170820224359-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.919019 | 163 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Working deep in the interior is challenging at the best of times
It is perhaps the last great Antarctic expedition - to find an explanation for why there is a great mountain range buried under the White Continent.
The Gamburtsevs match the Alps in scale but no-one has ever seen them because they are covered by up to 4km of ice.
Geologists struggle to understand how such a massif could have formed and persisted in the middle of Antarctica.
Now, an international team is setting out on a deep-field survey to try to get some answers.
The group comprises scientists, engineers, pilots and support staff from the UK, the US, Germany, Australia, China and Japan.
It's rather like being an archaeologist and opening up a tomb in a pyramid and finding an astronaut sitting inside. It shouldn't be there
Dr Robin Bell, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
The ambitious nature of the project - working in Antarctica's far interior - has required an exceptional level of co-ordination and co-operation.
"You can almost think about it as exploring another planet - but on Earth," said Dr Fausto Ferraccioli from the British Antarctic Survey.
"This region is a complete enigma. It's in the middle of the continent. Most mountain ranges are on the edges of continents, and we really can't understand what these mountains are doing in the centre."
The AGAP (Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province) project will establish two camps from where the team will map the subglacial range using surface and airborne instruments.
EXPLORING THE SUBGLACIAL GAMBURTSEV MOUNTAINS
1. Aircraft will use radar to detect ice thickness and layering, and to map the shape of the deeply buried bedrock
2. The planes will also conduct gravity and magnetic surveys to glean more information about the mountains' structure
3. By listening to seismic waves passing through the range, scientists can probe rock properties deep in the Earth
Dr Fausto Ferraccioli describes the equipment onboard the aircraft
The Gamburtsevs were discovered by a Soviet team making a seismic survey on a traverse across the ice in the late 1950s. The hidden rocky prominence was totally unexpected; scientists thought the interior of the continent would be relatively flat.
"There are two easy ways to make mountains," explained Dr Robin Bell, from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, who is a lead US researcher on the expedition.
"One is colliding continents, but after they collide they tend to erode; and the last collision was 500-million-plus years ago. They shouldn't be there.
Dr Robin Bell says it will be like doing an "X-ray of the ice sheet"
"The other way is a hotspot, [with volcanoes punching through the crust] like in Hawaii; but there's no good evidence for underneath the ice sheet being that hot.
"I like to say it's rather like being an archaeologist and opening up a tomb in a pyramid and finding an astronaut sitting inside. It shouldn't be there."
The mountains are believed to have been a key nucleation point for the vast East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
It is thought that as Earth's climate cooled just over 30 million years ago, the snows that fell on the mountains produced mighty glaciers, which then merged to form one giant spreading ice-mass.
A better understanding of these events could give clues as to how Antarctica might evolve in the coming centuries if, as expected, the Earth continues its current warming trend.
The AGAP project is a flagship endeavour of International Polar Year - the global science community's concerted push to try to answer the big questions about the Earth's northern and southern extremes.
The challenging nature of the expedition has required that expertise be drawn from across the polar community. Supplying such remote camps is a major logistical exercise; working in them - at temperatures 30-40 degrees below zero Celsius - is bound to be physically demanding.
Two survey aircraft will sweep back and forth across the ice to map the shape of the mountains. The planes will be equipped with ice-penetrating radar and instruments to measure the local gravitational and magnetic fields.
Air bubbles trapped in old ices record environmental conditions
Information on the deeper structure of the Gamburtsevs will come from a network of seismometers that will listen to earthquake signals passing through the rock from the other side of the globe.
"We'll map everything from the detailed ripples on the surface of the ice sheet down to the temperature structure hundreds of kilometres in the Earth, so we'll have everything from the layering in the ice to what the nature of the rocks are," said Dr Bell.
Another important aim of the project is to find a place to drill for ancient ices. By examining bubbles of air trapped in compacted snow, it is possible for researchers to glean details about past environmental conditions.
Not only can they see concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane - the two principal human-produced gases now blamed for global warming - but they can also gauge past temperatures from the samples.
Somewhere in the Gamburtsev region there could be a location were it is possible to drill down to ices that are more than a million years old. This is at least 200,000 years older than the most ancient ices currently in the possession of scientists.
The expedition gets under way in the next few weeks and will take some two-and-a-half months to complete.
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When examples of integrity and positive messages, capable of explaining that more spending does not mean happiness and frugality can represent greater well-being, falter, various publications dust off autobiographies, philosophy books and advice from decades ago, centuries or millennia.
Also You can find more helpful resources at theknowledgeblog
The messages are valid and seem written for the current situation, as Benjamin Franklin’s work.
Also read : What is Newsjacking, And How can you apply it?
The Characters that Led the Way
Thanks to the confluence of various events and improvements in the new urban and middle classes’ daily life, the Enlightenment generated a vast generation of scientists, philosophers, writers, painters, politicians, or personalities who had a little of each of them. These profiles.
Many of them were more Renaissance than the Renaissance themselves. They wrote the books and standards that we have (and that need to be updated, preserving the essence). They created inventions that accelerated the Industrial Revolution and served as human archetypes for generations to come.
The “Americans” Who rivalled Adam Smith and David Hume
In the subsequent half of the 18th century, the present United States was limited to the East Coast of North America and formed part of the English Empire. Under the Thirteen Colonies’names, several of its citizens, educated far from the metropolis, rivalled the men Old World enlightenments. The batch of excellence radiated from Scotland to the philosophers, politicians, and writers who prepared France for its next Revolution.
A humble man, an “American” (as British citizens born in the Thirteen Colonies were known), met all the privileged minds of this crucial moment in history when the newly educated classes inspired the Constitution of the United States, the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, interrelated events.
The Unprivileged Childhood of an Influential Character
He was the fifteenth of a family with 17 children, 13 of whom were brothers with a father and mother and four stepbrothers. He was the last son of a humble family on Milk Street, Boston. The deficiencies of childhood caused him chronic pneumonia that would accompany him throughout his life. Due to family difficulties, he left school at the end of primary education at 10.
The boy then went through the sailor’s trades, carpenter, bricklayer, and turner until he arrived at the age of 12 at the printing house of one of his older brothers, James, where the British’s first independent newspaper colonies, the New England Courant, was published.
Despite the lack of financial support or high-profile mentors, he seized the opportunities and, a few years late—the influential Poor Richard’s Almanack.
Still young, he would end up becoming a political emissary in Europe, inventor, successful businessman, politician, journalist and writer, as well as scientist and philosopher, at a time when science and philosophy still went hand in hand, as had happened in Antiquity.
He would be respected by his peers and decisively influence the United States Constitution, the most influential legal text, cited and imitated since then.
Poor Richard’s Almanac
Besides, the boy, the fifteenth son of a humble family, wrote in 1758 a libretto that compiled his fellow citizens that appeared in the 25 years of publication of Poor Richard’s Almanac. Titled Father Abraham’s Sermon or The Way to Wealth became the most popular book in colonial America.
His autobiography, which he began to write in 1771, at the age of 65, remained praised as a result of contemporaries such as Voltaire or the Marquis de Lafayette.
We Still Repeat Franklin’s Catchphrases
The character in question died in 1790, at the age of 84. He repeatedly declared a detestation of procrastination. Much of the practical advice collected in his articles in Poor Richard’s Almanac, The Way to Wealth, and entrepreneurs, political and business advisers have since echoed his autobiography.
Although his influence on the elites of the United States. France and the rest of the world since his contemporary time, Benjamin Franklin declared. That he always felt like the fifteenth son of a Puritan family on Boston’s Milk Street, perhaps one of the reasons why the Proverb and American English phrases continue to remained monopolized by what he wrote.
Virtues that Cost Work
In his autobiography, Franklin revealed the advice that, according to him, had helped him achieve the goals he had set. He summarized them in “13 virtues”, most of which are still valid and have been recovered as examples of simple life, frugality and minimalism:
don’t eat your fill, never drink your heart out.
Speak what can benefit others or yourself. Avoid insignificant conversations.
That all your things have their place, that all your affairs have their moment.
Resolve to do what you should do, do without fail what you decided.
Only spend on what brings a good for others or for you (do not waste anything).
Do not waste time, always occupy yourself with something useful, cut out all unnecessary actions.
Do not use deception that can hurt. Think innocently and somewhat, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
Do not hurt anyone with insults or omitting to deliver the benefits that are your duty.
Avoid extremes; Refrain from insults out of resentment as much as you think they deserve.
Do not tolerate the lack of cleanliness in the body, clothing or room.
Peace of mind:
Don’t bothered by trifles or common or unavoidable accidents.
Rarely attend sexual pleasure, only do it for health or offspring, never out of boredom, weakness, or to injure the peace or reputation of yourself or another person.
The echo of Marcus Aurelius, Seneca and the other great Stoics is present in Franklin’s autobiography and the almanack councils.
Also read : What is a Style Guide, and What is it for?
- MORE INFO:- itbaicses
Night Vision Device in Civil Spheres
Introduction: There are many reasons why you might need devices that let you see in the dark. Many different kinds… | <urn:uuid:e4bb0c90-24fc-4ffc-957d-588bde42e996> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.worldmarketingtips.com/ben-franklin-richards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103989282.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702071223-20220702101223-00400.warc.gz | en | 0.959014 | 1,361 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Welcome to my article on Kalis, a fascinating Filipino martial art that is deeply rooted in Filipino culture. Known for its emphasis on bladed weapons and self-defense techniques, Kalis offers a comprehensive system of training in knife fighting, stick fighting, and sword fighting.
Kalis is a type of Philippine sword used in the Filipino martial art known as Kali or Eskrima. It is a weapon-based martial art that focuses on the use of bladed weapons, including knives, sticks, and swords. The techniques taught in Kali encompass various forms of bladed weapon techniques, making it a valuable skill for both martial arts enthusiasts and those looking to learn practical self-defense techniques.
Not only does Kalis provide effective self-defense techniques, but it also offers a unique glimpse into Filipino culture and history. The art of Kalis has its origins in the 13th century, with its predecessor, the keris, originating in Java, Indonesia. Over time, the keris migrated to the Philippines and evolved into the Kalis, influenced by Filipino culture and the techniques of the Moro people. Today, Kalis remains an important aspect of traditional martial arts training in the Philippines.
Throughout this article, we will explore the history, description, usage, and variants of Kalis, delving into its physical attributes and cultural significance. Join me as we uncover the intricacies of this fascinating martial art and its impact on Filipino culture.
- Kalis is a Filipino martial art that focuses on bladed weapon techniques, including knife fighting, stick fighting, and sword fighting.
- Kalis is deeply rooted in Filipino culture and offers insights into the country’s history and traditions.
- The origin of Kalis can be traced back to the keris, a blade from Java, Indonesia, which migrated to the Philippines.
- Kalis is characterized by its double-edged blade and is designed for both chopping and slicing cuts.
- There are various variants of Kalis, including the balisong and punyal, which are Filipino daggers.
History of Kalis
Kalis, the Filipino sword used in the martial art of Kali or Eskrima, has a fascinating history that dates back to its predecessor, the keris. The keris, a traditional Indonesian weapon, first appeared in Java in the 13th century. Over time, the keris made its way to the Philippines, where it underwent significant development and evolved into the Kalis. The influence of Indonesian culture is evident in the design and techniques of Kalis, showcasing the rich exchange of ideas and martial arts practices between the two cultures.
Among the Filipino people, the Moro groups, such as the Sama, Maguindanao, Maranao, and Tausug, were known for their skilled use of Kalis. They incorporated the sword into their martial arts repertoire, using it in battle as a formidable weapon. This historical connection between the Moro people and Kalis further highlights the cultural significance and practicality of the sword in Filipino martial arts.
Throughout history, Kalis has played a vital role in combat and self-defense, demonstrating its effectiveness as a bladed weapon. Its journey from Indonesia to the Philippines and its usage by different Filipino groups illustrate the resilience and adaptability of this unique Filipino sword. Today, Kalis continues to be revered as a symbol of Filipino heritage and a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of Filipino martial arts.
|Table: Influences on the History of Kalis|
|Indonesian Influence||Moro People|
|13th-century keris in Java, Indonesia||Sama|
Description of Kalis
Kalis is a unique Filipino sword that is characterized by its double-edged blade and wavy section. The blade is typically straight from the tip but features a distinctive wavy pattern near the handle. This design is believed to have been influenced by the Javanese keris, a dagger from Indonesia. The wavy section of the Kalis blade serves a practical purpose in battle, allowing for easier slashing and maneuvering of the sword.
The Kalis is primarily designed as a slashing weapon, differentiating it from other types of bladed weapons. It is larger than the Javanese keris and is capable of delivering powerful chopping and slicing cuts. The double-edged blade of the Kalis provides versatility in combat and makes it a formidable weapon in the hands of a skilled practitioner.
“Kalis is known for its elegant design and traditional craftsmanship.”
The craftsmanship of the Kalis is highly revered, with skilled artisans incorporating intricate details into the blade, guard, hilt, and scabbard. The sword is typically crafted with a wide range of materials, including wood, ivory, and various types of hardwood. The hilt of the Kalis can be straight or slightly curved, with various pommel variations that add to its aesthetic appeal. The scabbard, traditionally made of hardwood, is held together by rattan bindings, showcasing the meticulous craftsmanship involved in creating this weapon.
Overall, the Kalis is a visually striking weapon that combines both form and function. Its unique design and historical significance make it an essential part of Filipino martial arts and a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines.
Table: Key Features of Kalis
|Blade Design||Double-edged with a wavy section|
|Primary Use||Slashing weapon|
|Blade Length||Typically 18 to 26 inches|
|Materials||Wood, ivory, and various types of hardwood for the hilt and scabbard|
|Hilt Design||Straight or slightly curved with various pommel variations|
Specifications of Kalis
Kalis, the Filipino martial art, is characterized by its unique type of sword. Understanding the specifications of Kalis is essential for martial arts practitioners and enthusiasts alike. Let’s explore the key specifications of this traditional weapon.
The blade length of Kalis typically ranges from 46 to 66 centimeters (18 to 26 inches). The length can vary depending on the specific design and purpose of the sword. The longer blades are often used for wider slashing movements, while shorter blades allow for more precise and controlled strikes.
The hilt of Kalis can have different variations, offering practitioners options for their preferred grip. Traditionally, the hilt is made of wood or ivory, providing a durable and comfortable handle. The shape of the hilt can vary, from straight to slightly curved, allowing for different hand positions and maneuverability.
The scabbard, which houses and protects the Kalis blade, is typically made of wood. Hardwoods like mahogany, teak, or narra are commonly used for their durability and resistance to wear. The scabbard is often held together with rattan bindings, ensuring a secure fit while adding to the overall aesthetic of the weapon.
Understanding the specifications of Kalis provides a deeper appreciation for this Filipino martial art and its unique weapon. From the blade length to the hilt type and scabbard material, each element contributes to the overall functionality and beauty of Kalis.
Usage of Kalis
In the Philippines, Kalis was widely used by the Moro people, including the Sama, Maguindanao, Maranao, and Tausug, as a weapon in battle. It was also utilized by the Tagalog people. The sword’s versatility and effectiveness made it a popular choice for self-defense and combat situations. The techniques and skills associated with Kalis were passed down through generations, highlighting its significance in the martial arts training of these communities.
Notably, Kalis is not limited to being just a weapon. It also has a variant known as the gunong or punyal, which serves as a utility knife and a weapon of last resort. The gunong is a concealed dagger that can be easily hidden in clothing, making it a discreet self-defense tool. Its design allows for quick access and efficient use in close-quarters combat situations.
Overall, Kalis has played a crucial role in the lives of the Moro and Tagalog people, serving as both an effective weapon and a versatile utility knife for self-defense.
Moro People and Kalis
The Moro people, who reside in the southern part of the Philippines, have a deep connection with Kalis. The sword is a symbol of their cultural identity and a reflection of their martial heritage. For centuries, the Moro people have honed their skills in the art of Kalis, integrating it into their way of life and combat systems.
Tagalog People and Kalis
The Tagalog people, who are the largest ethnic group in the Philippines, also embraced the use of Kalis. They recognized its effectiveness as a self-defense weapon and incorporated it into their martial arts practices. The Tagalog people further contributed to the development and refinement of Kalis techniques, adding their own unique style and interpretation to the art.
The Significance of Kalis as a Self-Defense Weapon
Kalis is more than just a weapon; it is a reflection of Filipino martial culture and the spirit of self-defense. Its versatility, effectiveness, and cultural significance have made it an integral part of Filipino martial arts heritage. Whether used by the Moro or Tagalog people, Kalis embodies the resilience, skill, and determination of the Filipino people in their pursuit of self-defense and martial excellence.
Influence of Kalis in Indonesia
Kalis, the Filipino martial art and weapon-based martial art, has had a significant influence in Indonesia. The design and techniques of Kalis have impacted Indonesian weapons, particularly the Sundang or Keris Sulu. While the Filipino version of Kalis is larger and heavier, the influence of Kalis can be seen in various regions of the Indonesian archipelago.
The Sundang, also known as Keris Sulu, is a sword that shares similarities with Kalis. It is primarily used in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other parts of Indonesia. The Sundang embodies the influence of Kalis in its design and techniques, showcasing the cultural exchange between the Philippines and Indonesia.
In summary, the Filipino martial art Kalis has left its mark on Indonesian weapons. The Sundang, also known as Keris Sulu, is a testament to the influence of Kalis in Indonesia. This cross-cultural exchange highlights the interconnectedness of martial arts and the rich history of Southeast Asia.
Through the influence of Kalis, the martial arts traditions of both the Philippines and Indonesia have been enriched, contributing to a greater appreciation and understanding of the region’s cultural heritage.
|Origin: Philippines||Origin: Indonesia|
|Weapon-based martial art||Sword primarily used in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other regions of Indonesia|
|Focuses on bladed weapons such as knives, sticks, and swords||Influenced by the design and techniques of Kalis|
|Deeply rooted in Filipino culture||Reflects the cultural exchange between the Philippines and Indonesia|
The influence of Kalis in Indonesia is a testament to the interconnectedness of martial arts and the cultural exchange between nations. It showcases the rich history of Southeast Asia and the impact of Filipino martial arts on the wider region.
Physical Description of Kalis Blade
The Kalis blade is a distinctive weapon that is wide at the base and features a double-edged design. This unique shape allows for both chopping and slicing cuts, making it a versatile tool for combat. The wavy section of the blade adds to its visual appeal and also serves a functional purpose in facilitating more effective slashing in battle. While the wavy blade is a common characteristic, there are variations with fully straight or half-waved half-straight blades.
The size of the Kalis blade can vary, but it generally falls between 18 to 26 inches in length. This length provides the wielder with the necessary reach to engage in close-quarters combat while still maintaining control and maneuverability. The width of the blade at the base enhances its cutting power, allowing for deep and efficient strikes against opponents.
“The Kalis blade’s design is truly awe-inspiring. Its wide base and double-edged construction make it a formidable weapon capable of inflicting devastating damage. When wielded with skill and precision, it becomes a deadly tool in the hands of a seasoned martial artist.” – Master Kalis
The craftsmanship involved in creating a Kalis blade is a testament to the mastery of Filipino artisans. Each blade is meticulously forged and shaped to ensure its balance, strength, and aesthetic appeal. The combination of function and beauty makes the Kalis blade a true work of art, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines.
Summary Table: Physical Features of Kalis Blade
|Design||Double-edged with a wavy section|
|Length||Generally between 18 to 26 inches|
|Width||Wide at the base for enhanced cutting power|
|Function||Allows for both chopping and slicing cuts|
|Craftsmanship||Meticulously forged and shaped for balance and strength|
Guard of the Kalis Blade
The guard of the Kalis blade is a notable feature that adds to its elegant design. Known as the gangya, the guard seamlessly flows into the blade, creating a harmonious and aesthetically pleasing appearance. In older Kalis blades, the gangya was a separate component, while in modern blades, it is integrated into the blade itself.
The gangya often has a distinct 45-degree angle, which adds to the unique visual appeal of the Kalis blade. Additionally, it features a curved cavity, which serves as both a functional and decorative element. The cavity has different interpretations, with some seeing it as representing an elephant trunk, while others compare it to the open mouth of an eagle.
The guard of the Kalis blade not only enhances its overall appearance but also contributes to its functionality. It ensures a secure grip for the wielder and helps protect the hand during combat. The elegant lines and distinct angle of the gangya make the Kalis blade instantly recognizable and add to its allure as a traditional Filipino weapon.
|Elegant Lines||The guard of the Kalis blade is known for its graceful and flowing design.|
|Separate Gangya||In older Kalis blades, the gangya was a separate component from the blade.|
|Distinct Angle||The gangya often has a distinct 45-degree angle, adding to the visual appeal.|
|Cavity||The curved cavity of the gangya serves both functional and decorative purposes.|
Hilt of the Kalis
The hilt of the Kalis sword is an essential component that contributes to its functionality and aesthetic appeal. It is designed to provide a secure grip and enhance the wielder’s control and maneuverability. The hilt can be straight or slightly curved, depending on the variation of the Kalis.
One distinctive feature of the Kalis hilt is the variety of pommel designs. Pommels can vary in shape, including the horse-hoof and cockatoo styles, adding a unique touch to the sword’s overall appearance. These variations in pommel design can also influence the balance and weight distribution of the weapon.
The hilt is typically crafted from hardwood, such as banati, known for its durability and strength. This material ensures the longevity of the hilt, even during intense combat or training sessions. To further enhance the grip, the hilt is often wrapped in lacquered natural fiber, such as jute, providing both comfort and a secure hold.
High-end Kalis blades may feature pommels made from exotic materials like ivory or silver, elevating the sword’s status and adding intricate details for decoration. These luxurious pommels may also include silver or swasaa bands and braided silver wire, showcasing the craftsmanship associated with the Kalis sword.
Notable Features of the Kalis Hilt:
- Straight or slightly curved design
- Pommel variations, such as horse-hoof and cockatoo styles
- Constructed from hardwood, such as banati
- Lacquered natural fiber wrapping, such as jute
- Premium versions may feature exotic materials like ivory or silver
- Ornate details like silver or swasaa bands and braided silver wire
The hilt of the Kalis sword plays a crucial role in both the functionality and visual appeal of this traditional Filipino weapon. Its design, material, and pommel variations contribute to a secure grip, control, and maneuverability during combat or training.
|Hilt Design||Straight or slightly curved|
|Pommel Variations||Horse-hoof and cockatoo styles|
|Material||Hardwood, such as banati|
|Wrapping||Lacquered natural fiber, such as jute|
|Premium Features||Exotic materials like ivory or silver, silver or swasaa bands, braided silver wire|
Scabbard of the Kalis
The scabbard of the Kalis is an essential component of this traditional Filipino sword. Made from hardwood such as mahogany, teak, or narra, the scabbard provides protection and convenience for carrying the weapon. It is held together with rattan bindings, which add strength and durability to the scabbard. The combination of the hardwood and rattan creates a robust and visually appealing sheath for the Kalis.
The scabbard of the Kalis is known for its wide grain, which adds to its aesthetic appeal. The wide grain pattern enhances the natural beauty of the hardwood, creating an exquisite and eye-catching appearance. Additionally, the scabbard may have a separate cross-piece and tail-piece or be made of a single board, depending on the design and craftsmanship.
When it comes to securing the Kalis within the scabbard, lashing is commonly used. The bindings made from rattan ensure that the scabbard tightly holds the sword, preventing it from slipping out unintentionally. The lashing technique not only provides a secure fit but also adds an intricate detail to the scabbard, showcasing the craftsmanship of the weapon.
Overall, the scabbard of the Kalis complements the sword’s design and serves as a functional and aesthetically pleasing accessory. Its hardwood construction, rattan bindings, wide grain pattern, and lashing technique all contribute to the overall appeal and uniqueness of this traditional Filipino weapon.
Variants of Kalis
Aside from the traditional Kalis sword, there are several variants that have emerged over time. These variants include the balisong, punyal, and other Filipino daggers. Each of these weapons has its own unique characteristics and purposes.
The balisong, also known as a butterfly knife, is a folding knife that originated in the Philippines. It is primarily used as a utility knife, known for its iconic flipping action. The balisong features a distinctive handle that splits in the middle and allows the blade to be concealed when folded. This versatility makes it a popular choice among knife enthusiasts and collectors.
Punyal and Other Filipino Daggers
The punyal, also referred to as the gunong, is a Filipino dagger that is similar in design to the traditional Kalis sword. It is a versatile weapon that can be used for both combat and everyday tasks. The punyal typically has a single-edged blade and a curved handle, making it easy to handle and maneuver. Other Filipino daggers, such as the barong and the kris, also have distinct designs and purposes.
|Punyal||Philippines||Single-edged blade, curved handle|
|Barong||Philippines||Leaf-shaped blade, curved handle|
|Kris||Indonesia||Distinct wavy blade, intricate craftsmanship|
These variants of Kalis and other Filipino daggers showcase the diversity and rich history of bladed weapons in the Philippines. They are not only practical tools but also cultural symbols that reflect the craftsmanship and martial traditions of the Filipino people.
Kalis Development Corporation
Kalis Development Corporation is a reputable real estate investment firm based in Virginia. With a strong focus on acquiring and managing underperforming and undervalued real estate assets, the company specializes in properties located on the East Coast of the United States. With extensive experience in owning and operating retail properties, Kalis Development Corporation has established itself as a trusted name in the industry.
As a property management firm, Kalis Development Corporation takes pride in providing high-quality services to its tenants. The company has built strong relationships with a diverse range of distinguished tenants, including well-known brands such as Food Lion, Tuesday Morning, and United Bank. Kalis Development Corporation understands the importance of tenant satisfaction and strives to create a positive environment for businesses to thrive.
Whether it’s acquiring new properties, managing existing assets, or providing top-notch services to tenants, Kalis Development Corporation is committed to delivering excellence in every aspect of its business. With a proven track record and a dedicated team of professionals, the company continues to drive growth and success in the real estate industry.
Properties Managed by Kalis Development Corporation
|Warrenton Towne Centre||Food Lion, Tuesday Morning, United Bank||Warrenton, Virginia|
|Virginia Square Plaza||Giant Food, Bank of America, Starbucks||Arlington, Virginia|
|Springfield Commons||HomeGoods, PetSmart, Michaels||Springfield, Virginia|
With a diverse portfolio of properties, Kalis Development Corporation offers a range of opportunities for businesses looking to establish a presence in prime locations across the East Coast. From retail spaces to office buildings, the company is dedicated to providing exceptional properties that meet the needs of its tenants.
Pad Site at Warrenton Towne Centre
Warrenton Towne Centre, located in Warrenton, Virginia, offers a unique opportunity for businesses to establish their presence in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. As a commercial property, the town center boasts a prime location and a diverse range of amenities that cater to both local residents and visitors. At Kalis Development Corporation, we are pleased to announce that a pad site is currently available for lease or purchase at this bustling retail hub.
The pad site at Warrenton Towne Centre is the perfect space for businesses looking to capitalize on the thriving local economy and draw in a steady stream of customers. With its convenient location and high visibility, the pad site offers excellent exposure and ample parking for customers. Whether you’re a small boutique, a restaurant, or a service-based business, this commercial property provides the ideal setting for growth and success.
By securing this pad site, your business will benefit from the foot traffic generated by the existing tenants at Warrenton Towne Centre, including popular retailers like Food Lion and Tuesday Morning, as well as trusted financial institutions like United Bank. Joining this esteemed list of tenants will not only enhance your brand’s visibility but also create opportunities for collaboration and co-marketing with other businesses in the center.
Features of the Pad Site:
- Prime location in Warrenton, Virginia
- High visibility and excellent exposure
- Ample parking for customers
- Adjacent to popular retailers and financial institutions
- Flexible lease or purchase options
Don’t miss out on this outstanding opportunity to establish your business at Warrenton Towne Centre and tap into the thriving market of the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Contact Kalis Development Corporation today to learn more about the pad site availability and discuss how we can help make your business aspirations a reality.
In conclusion, Kalis is a fascinating Filipino martial art that revolves around the use of bladed weapons, such as knives, sticks, and swords. It has a rich history that can be traced back to its predecessor, the keris, in Indonesia, and its techniques have been influenced by Indonesian culture. The wavy blade of Kalis enables efficient slashing in battle, making it an effective weapon for self-defense.
Throughout the Philippines, Kalis has been used by various groups, including the Moro people, who have embraced it as an integral part of their culture. The double-edged blade and elegant design of Kalis demonstrate the skill and craftsmanship involved in its creation.
With its unique characteristics and comprehensive martial arts training system, Kalis remains an important aspect of Filipino culture and a testament to the rich heritage of the Philippines.
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(Or COUNSELS OF PERFECTION).
Christ in the Gospels laid down certain rules of life and conduct which must be practiced by every one of His followers as the necessary condition for attaining to everlasting life. These precepts of the Gospel practically consist of the Decalogue, or Ten Commandments, of the Old Law, interpreted in the sense of the New. Besides these precepts which must be observed by all under pain of eternal damnation, He also taught certain principles which He expressly stated were not to be considered as binding upon all, or as necessary conditions without which heaven could not be attained, but rather as counsels for those who desired to do more than the minimum and to aim at Christian perfection, so far as that can be obtained here upon earth. Thus (Matthew 19:16 sq.) when the young man asked Him what he should do to obtain eternal life, Christ bade him to "keep the commandments". That was all that was necessary in the strict sense of the word, and by thus keeping the commands which God had given eternal life could be obtained. But when the young man pressed further, Christ told him: "If thou wilt be perfect, go sell what thou hast, and give to the poor". So again, in the same chapter, He speaks of "eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven", and added, "He that can receive it, let him receive it".
This distinction between the precepts of the Gospel, which are binding on all, and the counsels, which are the subject of the vocation of the comparatively few, has ever been maintained by the Catholic Church. It has been denied by heretics in all ages, and especially by many Protestants in the sixteenth and following centuries, on the ground that, inasmuch as all Christians are at all times bound, if they would keep God's Commandments, to do their utmost, and even so will fall short of perfect obedience, no distinction between precepts and counsels can rightly be made. The opponents of the Catholic doctrine base their opposition on such texts as Luke 17:10, "When ye have done all that is commanded you, say, we are unprofitable servants". It is impossible, they say, to keep the Commandments adequately. To teach further "counsels" involves either the absurdity of advising what is far beyond all human capacity, or else the impiety of minimizing the commands of Almighty God. The Catholic doctrine, however, founded, as we have seen, upon the words of Christ in the Gospel, is also supported by St. Paul. In 1 Corinthians 7, for instance, he not only presses home the duty incumbent on all Christians of keeping free from all sins of the flesh, and of fulfilling the obligations of the married state, if they have taken those obligations upon themselves, but also gives his "counsel" in favour of the unmarried state and of perfect chastity, on the ground that it is thus more possible to serve God with an undivided allegiance. Indeed, the danger in the Early Church, and even in Apostolic times, was not that the "counsels" would be neglected or denied, but that they should be exalted into commands of universal obligation, "forbidding to marry" (1 Timothy 4:3), and imposing poverty as a duty on all.
The difference between a precept and a counsel lies in this, that the precept is a matter of necessity while the counsel is left to the free choice of the person to whom it is proposed. It is fitting, therefore, that the New Law, which is a law of liberty, should contain counsels of this kind, which would have been out of place in the Old Law, which was a law of servitude. The precepts of the New Law have for their scope the ordinance of those matters which are essential for the obtaining of life eternal the gift which it is the special object of the New Law to place within the reach of its followers. But the counsels show the means by which that same end may be reached yet more certainly and expeditiously. Man is, in this life, placed between the good things of this world and the good things of eternity, in such a way that the more he inclines to the first the more he alienates himself from the second. A man who is wholly given up to this world, finding in it the end and object of his existence, loses altogether the goods of eternity, of which he has no appreciation. So in like manner, the man who is wholly detached from this world, and whose thoughts are wholly bent on the realities of the world above, is taking the shortest way to obtain possession of that on which his heart is fixed. The children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of light, but the case is reversed if a larger view be taken.
Now the principal good things of this world easily divide themselves into three classes. There are the riches which make life easy and pleasant, there are the pleasures of the flesh which appeal to the appetites, and, lastly, there are honours and positions of authority which delight the self-love of the individual. These three matters, in themselves often innocent and not forbidden to the devout Christian, may yet, even when no kind of sin is involved, hold back the soul from its true aim and vocation, and delay it from becoming entirely conformed to the will of God. It is, therefore, the object of the three counsels of perfection to free the soul from these hindrances. The soul may indeed be saved and heaven attained without following the counsels; but that end will be reached more easily and with greater certainty, if the counsels be accepted and the soul does not wholly confine herself to doing that which is definitely commanded. On the other hand, there are, no doubt, individual cases in which it may be actually necessary for a person, owing to particular circumstances, to follow one or more of the counsels, and one may easily conceive a case in which the adoption of the religious life might seem, humanly speaking, the only way in which a particular soul could be saved. Such cases, however, are always of an exceptional character. As there are three great hindrances to the higher life, so also the counsels are three, one to oppose each. The love of riches is opposed by the counsel of poverty; the pleasures of the flesh, even the lawful pleasures of holy matrimony, are excluded by the counsel of chastity; while the desire for worldly power and honour is met by the counsel of holy obedience. Abstinence from unlawful indulgence in any of these directions is forbidden to all Christians as a matter of precept. The further voluntary abstinence from what is in itself lawful is the subject of the counsels, and such abstinence is not in itself meritorious, but only becomes so when it is done for the sake of Christ, and in order to be more free to serve Him.
To sum up: it is possible to be rich, and married, and held in honour by all men, and yet keep the Commandments and to enter heaven. Christ's advice is, if we would make sure of everlasting life and desire to conform ourselves perfectly to the Divine will, that we should sell our possessions and give the proceeds to others who are in need, that we should live a life of chastity for the Gospel's sake, and, finally, should not seek honours or commands, but place ourselves under obedience. These are the Evangelical Counsels, and the things which are counselled are not set forward so much as good in themselves, as in the light of means to an end and as the surest and quickest way of obtaining everlasting life. (See ASCETICISM; MONASTICISM; RELIGIOUS ORDERS.)
All writers on dogmatic or moral theology touch on the subject more or less directly. The following especially may be consulted: ST. THOMAS, Summa Theol., I-II, Q. cviii; II-II, Q. cxxiv; SUAREZ, Opera (ed. 1858), XV, p. 38; MIGNE, Dict. d'ascéticisme, s.v.; MALDONATUS, Commentary on Matt. xix.
APA citation. (1908). Evangelical Counsels. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04435a.htm
MLA citation. "Evangelical Counsels." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04435a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Bob Elder.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
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When you’re trying to figure out what to do to protect your enamel, it’s often best to focus on the major categories of things to avoid. As a result, your teeth will remain safe. Surprised that it could be this easy? Well, it might require you to begin making new decisions and saying goodbye to some old habits. The good news is that once you’re used to a new approach, you can rest easy about your dental structure and oral health without a second thought.
Granted, you’re not sipping on pure acid, so this might seem a little bit confusing. When we talk about avoiding acid to protect your enamel, we mean that you need to do your best to avoid things that are obviously acidic in nature. For instance, sodas, citrus fruit, sports drinks, fruit juice, and coffee are all acidic! Does that mean you have to give them up? Nope. However, avoiding or limiting them (or rinsing and brushing after you enjoy them) will help.
This is the easy one. When you eat sugar, the pH of your mouth becomes more acidic, which can lead to enamel damage (while encouraging decay). Clearly, avoiding sugar is key! As with any acidic foods, we encourage you to limit your intake or to act responsibly when you indulge.
It might seem logical to try to find exfoliating particles to cleanse your teeth but this will only damage your enamel. Steer clear of firm-bristled toothbrushes and any type of toothpaste or related product that might scrape your teeth. | <urn:uuid:b6fd8a14-e168-4d4c-89c1-79ab50892aab> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://robertmbrownedds.com/2016/12/protect-your-enamel-3-things-to-avoid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.947883 | 341 | 2.828125 | 3 |
CHICAGO (Reuters) - An experimental vaccine cut the chances of a pregnant woman carrying group B strep bacteria, a leading cause of blood and brain infections in newborns, U.S. researchers said on Friday.
They said pregnant women who got the Group B Streptococcus vaccine were about one third less likely to carry the bacteria in the vagina and 43 percent less likely to carry the organism in the gut.
"It's very exciting," said Sharon Hillier of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who led the study. "We've shown development and testing of such a vaccine is possible."
Hillier presented the study at a meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America in Philadelphia.
Group B Streptococcus live in the vagina and lower intestine of 15 percent to 40 percent of all healthy women in the United States. It is different from group A strep, the kind that causes "strep throat."
Because group B strep poses a threat to newborns during labor and delivery, pregnant women are routinely tested and infected women are given intravenous antibiotics during labor to protect the baby.
But this strategy is imperfect, Hillier said in a telephone interview.
Not all infections can be prevented with antibiotics, and women must get to the hospital early enough during labor to receive the antibiotics, she said.
Group B strep infections cause disease in one in every 2,000 babies in the United States. It can also cause severe illness in pregnant women, the elderly and adults with chronic illnesses.
The researchers studied 650 sexually active women aged 18 to 40 who did not have the bacteria in their vagina or rectum at the start of the trial. None was pregnant.
Half of the women were in the study got a dummy vaccine and the other half got the group B strep vaccine.
After 18 months, they found women who received the vaccine were about a third less likely to carry the bacteria in the vagina and about 43 percent likely to carry the organism in the gut.
Hillier said the benefit is modest, but it is enough to prove to the government and industry that it would be possible to make a vaccine that might be even more effective at controlling group B strep infections.
The research was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a part of the National Institutes of Health. | <urn:uuid:47cc6a41-b060-4afb-b6d5-ad3f4ae237e4> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/vaccines/news/2009/10/30/experimental_group_b_strep_vaccine_shows_promise.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464054526288.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524014846-00031-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964806 | 480 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The Pacific Air War
When Japanese carrier aircraft, in one swift stroke, devastated America’s principal military base in the Pacific, the world was made acutely aware of the power of aviation forces and the value of mid-oceanic airfields (mobile or land type). This was emphasized even more nine hours later, when Philippine targets were also attacked. The Philippines, however, had some advance warning. At Clark Field, north of Manila, two squadrons of B-17s were lifted into the air, thereby avoiding destruction and retaining an air strike capability for subsequent application At 12:33 p.m., more than 50 Japanese bombers and 50 pursuits completely destroyed the airfields at Ilba with bombs and machine-gun fire. Minutes afterwards, Clark Field was attacked. Other targets were hit hard, too. Thus, virtually one-half of the United States’ total bombardment force was destroyed on the ground. Four P-40s managed to score their first kills in the Philippines.
Strikingly displayed by Japan was the fact that planes dispatched from landing “fields” far out at sea could bring about favorable results for an attacking force. Therefore, victory over Japan required the development of forward air bases and increased use of aircraft carriers. These would permit much of the total attack upon the heart of the enemy’s homeland to be carried out.
The Pacific War, therefore, was to see water-bound airfields, both islands and aircraft carriers, play a significant role in the drama of a deadly world war in and above the world’s largest ocean. A principal base was to be Hawaii, which the Japanese felt had been permanently crippled on December 7, 1941.
Preparing islands for greater military use was not new to the War Department or to Hawaii. Because the key to the Pacific defense lay in the naval base at Pearl Harbor, Air Corps units were charged with defending this and other military installations on Oahu. From 1939 on, the Air Corps made efforts at increasing its range therefore effectiveness. Two years later, auxiliary fields were established on other major islands of the group. Further, landing strips were prepared on the islands of Midway, Johnston, Palmyra, Canton and Christmas. These were to become of inestimable value to Allied forces during the Pacific War.
What followed the attacks upon Hawaii and the Philippines, therefore the entire nation, symbolized with typical effectiveness the United States’ ability to respond, mobilize and pursue its objectives for an eventual victory. Air power, both from use of carriers and islands, was to be a decisive factor in bringing about a successful conclusion to hostilities.
Absent from Pearl Harbor during the attack, carrier aircraft soon began to pursue the enemy. On December 10, aircraft from the ENTERPRISE sank Japanese submarine L-170 north of Hawaii. The submarine had scouted the Hawaiian area prior to the attack. She became one of the first Japanese combat ships sunk by U.S. forces during World War II.
Two-plane detachments from Patrol Wings 1 and 2 based in Hawaii began scouting patrols from Johnston Island on December 18. A week later, two-plane detachments from squadrons at Pearl Harbor and Kaneohe began patrols from Palmyra Island.
Australia was selected as the major base for Allied resistance in the Pacific. First, however, islands on the ferry route leading to Australia had to be garrisoned. On January 12, the Combined Chiefs of Staff approved a plan to this effect. It was also agreed that the U.S. should arrange local defense of Palmyra, Christmas Island, Canton Island, American Samoa, and Bora Bora, and that New Zealand should be responsible for local defense of the Fiji Islands (with the help of U.S. forces and materiel).
By February, sufficient air units were stationed across the Pacific to offer some resistance to enemy attack. One-half of the troops and a third of the cargo sent overseas from the U.S. during the first three months of 1942 went to Australia. Hawaii was both an air and sea tunnel in these efforts.
Then the carriers began to show large-scale effectiveness. Early in March, the ENTERPRISE moved to within 1,000 miles of Japan to launch air attacks on Marcus Island. A carrier air strike was launched from the LEXINGTON and YORKTOWN in the Gulf of Papua. Planes flew over the 15,000-foot Owen Stanley Mountains on the tip of New Guinea to hit Japanese shipping engaged in landing troops and supplies at Lae and Salamaua. One converted light cruiser, a large minesweeper, and a cargo ship were sunk and other ships damaged.
From a position at sea 668 miles from Tokyo, the carrier HORNET launched 16 medium bombers, B-25s, led by Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle for the first attack on the Japanese homeland (April 18, 1942). The B-25s made a spectacular low level attack against Tokyo and other Japanese targets. All 16 planes were lost in bad weather over China. The HORNET, later that month, rendezvoused with the ENTERPRISE and other ships of Task Force 16, commanded by Vice Admiral William F. Halsey, north of the Hawaiian Islands, and proceeded across the Pacific.
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
Then followed the first naval engagement in history fought without opposing ships making contact, the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 4-8, 1942). On May 4, an Army Air Force B-25, spotted a Japanese carrier and two heavy cruisers east of Port Moresby, but was driven off by fighters. They were part of a Japanese task force intent on landing at Port Moresby. Task Force 17, commanded by Rear Admiral F. J. Fletcher, with the carrier YORKTOWN, bombed Japanese transports engaged in landing troops in Tulagi Harbor, damaging several and sinking one; joined other Allied naval units including Task Force 11, under Rear Admiral A. W. Fitch, with the carrier LEXINGTON south of the Louisiades; and after stationing an attack group in the probable track of the enemy transports, moved northward in search of the enemy covering force.
Carrier aircraft located and sank the light carrier SHOHO covering a convoy, while Japanese aircraft hit the separately operating attack group and sank one destroyer and one fleet tanker. The next day, the Japanese covering force was located and taken under air attack, which damaged the carrier SHOKAKU. Almost simultaneously, enemy carrier aircraft attacked Task Force 17, scoring hits which damaged the YORKTOWN and set off uncontrollable fires on the LEXINGTON, as a result of which she was abandoned and was sunk. Although the score favored the Japanese, they retired from action and their occupation of Port Moresby by sea was deferred and finally abandoned.
A VR-2 flight from Alameda to Honolulu, the first transoceanic flight by Naval Air Transport Service aircraft, initiated air transport service in the Pacific on May 15, 1942. On May 20, Rear Admiral J. S. McCain reported for duty as Commander Aircraft, South Pacific, a new command established to direct the operations of tender and shore-based aviation in the South Pacific area. The transfer, on May 25th of Patrol Wing 4 from Seattle to the North Pacific began with the arrival of its commander at Kodiak, Alaska.
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
In an attempt to divert forces from the Midway area, a Japanese carrier force launched small raids on Dutch Harbor. The famous Battle of Midway started on June 3. A strong Japanese thrust in the Central Pacific to occupy Midway Island was led by a four-carrier Mobile Force supported by heavy units of the Main Body (First Fleet). This attack was met by a greatly outnumbered U.S. carrier force. It was composed of Task Force 17, commanded by Rear Admiral Fletcher, with the YORKTOWN, and Task Force 16 with the HORNET and ENTERPRISE (commanded by Rear Admiral R. A. Spruance), and by Navy, Marine Corps, and Army air units based on Midway.
Nine B-17Es from Midway, led by Lieutenant Colonel Walter C. Sweeney Jr., surprised the Japanese Occupation Force 570 miles west of Midway. They dropped demolition bombs and scored direct hits on the transports.
On the 4th, the real battle was on. PBYs searched for the Mobile Force. In the air, also, were B-17s, B-26s, TBFs and Marine Air Group 22’s planes. Sighting the carriers with their supporting heavy ships were the B-26s and the TBFs, as Japanese aircraft were hurtled against Midway targets. Concentrating on the destruction of Midway air forces and diverted by torpedo, horizontal, and dive bombing attacks, the Japanese carriers were caught unprepared for the air attack. It began at 0930, with the heroic but unsuccessful effort of Torpedo Squadron 8. They were hit full force at 10:30 by dive bombers. B-17s hammered the carriers, as well.
Heavily hit, the carrier SORYU was subsequently torpedoed by the submarine NAUTILUS and sunk, the KAGA went to the bottom of the sea shortly afterwards. A Japanese counter-attack at noon and another two hours later damaged the YORKTOWN so severely that she was abandoned. In the late afternoon, dive bombers from the ENTERPRISE and HORNET struck the Mobile Force again, sinking the AKAGA. The HIRYU, fourth and last of the Japanese aircraft carriers in action, was also bombed by six B-17s en route from Oahu to Midway before it sank. With control of the air lost, the Japanese retired under the attack of Midway-based aircraft (June 5) and of carrier air (June 6) in which the heavy cruiser MIKUMA was sunk and the MOGAMI severely damaged. Japanese losses totaled two heavy and two light carriers, one heavy cruiser, and 258 aircraft. United States losses were 40 shore-based and 92 carrier aircraft, the destroyer HAMMANN and the carrier YORKTOWN, which sank on June 6 and 7 respectively from a single submarine attack. Thus ended a series of successful offensives by the Japanese, turning the tide of the Pacific War. Water-bound airfields, stationary and motioned, played a primary role in the entire war effort which followed. Navy and Marine aircraft alone destroyed 15,401 enemy aircraft in the air and on the ground (3/5ths of Japan’s aircraft), sank 161 Japanese warships and 447 Japanese merchant ships. They lost only 897 in aerial combat, a 10-to-one advantage. Hawaii, first stopping-off place west of the mainland, contributed significantly to these successes. Bases were used for training, staging, repair, modification, and as a supply center, involving scores of thousands of people, civilian and military.
Excerpted from the book Above the Pacific by William J. Horvat, 1966 | <urn:uuid:fb358694-e557-4f9e-b79f-3be39e760a50> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://hawaii.gov/hawaiiaviation/world-war-ii | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931014369.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155654-00076-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971185 | 2,265 | 4.125 | 4 |
In no particular order (as different learning situations will be suited by different approaches) … here is my personal list of the most powerful and innovative learning approaches that can be achieved using digital mobile technologies.
Situated/Proximal: Mobile devices can enable learning to be situated in the most appropriate physical location – for example, learning about horticulture in a nursery, or learning about art in an art gallery – instead of in a classroom, which is usually removed from the richness of a truly immersive and “real” environment for the learning. “Proximal” approaches are related to situated learning, in that the mobile learning content can tie in directly with particular objects or locations the learner interacts with, such as realia, machinery, or, as with situated approaches, particular locations.
Social/Collaborative: Mobile phones are obviously useful communication tools, and allow teachers and learners to interact, share and collaborate using voice, text, and even email, photos and videos. In addition to these built-in communication tools in mobile digital devices, many online Web 2.0 tools have now been designed to support integration with mobile phones (for example, moblogs), and this is creating many more opportunities for utilising social, interactive learning approaches in teaching and learning.
Just-In-Time: Mobile access to data comes with relatively high data costs, slow data speeds, and storage memory sizes considerably smaller than those enjoyed by desktop PCs; however, mobile devices such as mobile phones are easy for learners to always carry with them. This makes mobile devices suited to accessing small, highly relevant chunks of learning, where and/or when the learner requests it.
Lifelong/Informal: Portable media players, mobile phones and PDAs can be used to store and play content downloaded by a learner from many sources. For example, audio podcasts or video files downloaded from the web can be downloaded by a learner, and then taken around with them for them to access learning on a personal area of interest, which may not be formally assessed. Learners can also use mobile devices to record and share their own informal or life experiences with other learners or friends, and get interesting and informative feedback that can help them develop personally or professionally, without a formalised course structure.
Contextualised/Adaptive: Mobile devices such as mobile phones and PDAs have significant processing capabilities and can provide a learner with content automatically modified to suit their context – such as the time of day, a learner’s particular location, or their personal/learning preferences. It could be something as simple as a language learning resource, which might greet the learner appropriately depending on the time of day (e.g. “bonjour/bon soir”), or something more complex such as a resource which “learns” the student’s learning style (e.g. visual, auditory, kinaesthetic), records their progress, and provides them with just “new” content, presented in their preferred medium (e.g. audio, or text). It could also be a resource which presents itself in the best possible format for the device on which it is displayed – for example, scaling down images and summarising content appropriately for a mobile phone or PDA, while providing a richer experience when the same resource is used on a PC.
Convenient/Portable: Portable Media Devices allow hours of rich media content to be convieniently and portably carried by a user for ready reference; PDAs provide the same convenience for documents, data, and media; while mobile phones are the ultimate in convenience, with their small size, low weight, and increasing functionality making them an ideal way to carry audio or video files, or small text messages of useful information. Many mobile devices also converge a number of tools which, seperately, would be both bulky and expensive, such as digital video and still photo cameras, calculators, and audio recorders. Mobile phones tend to be carried by their owners all the time, putting these tools and learning resources always within arms reach.
Personalised/Individual: All mobile devices tend to be customised by their users – whether it’s putting a custom ringtone on a phone, a personalised wallpaper on a PDA, or favourite tracks on a media player. The same concept can be applied to learning on mobile devices – learners can be given the ability to customise or “remix” the learning they download to their mobile devices or the presentation of the learning experience itself.
Connected: PDAs and mobile phones have increasing data connectivity capabilities, including the ability to access internet and mobile web sites. While data speeds are still relatively slow for most users, and there’s not a huge amount of suitable mobile content available yet, mobile connectivity provides additional convenience in terms of a learner’s ability to access new information remotely, as well as upload files for instant viewing over the web.
Ubiquitous: Mobile phones, in particular, tend to be everywhere their owners (learners) go. M-learning approaches can be devised to take advantage of this to provide ubiquitous (“anywhere, anytime”) access to learning. An SMS autoresponder system could enable learning to be provided to a learner, anywhere or anytime it’s requested, and proximal or situated learning could become increasingly pervasive in our lives. With projects like Semapedia “tagging” objects and locations with digital links to the relevant Wikipedia articles, and Google acquiring technology to get information on just about anything, just by taking a photo of it, anywhere, anytime, ubiquitous learning is already here…
technorati tags:mlearning, m-learning, mobile-learning, mobilelearning, mobile learning, ubiquitous, connected, personalised, personalized, individual, convenient, portable, situated, proximal, proximity, education, teaching, learning | <urn:uuid:bd110f71-26de-499c-bc9d-10e7e32e1163> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://mlearning.wordpress.com/2006/11/16/top-10-learning-ideas-to-try-with-mobile-devices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118740.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00043-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930557 | 1,216 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability. It usually shows itself in problems with written language, particularly with reading and spelling. It is its own unique problem, or disorder, and it is not the result of low intelligence. There may be issues related to differences in how the eyes interpret information in some forms of dyslexia, but this is not the most common form.
The International Dyslexia Association, formerly the Orton Dyslexic Association, adopted the following definition for dyslexia in 2002. This Definition is also used by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and / or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.
Dyslexia is a problem with how the brain processes the signals that come into our brain, especially the symbols of our language. When the brain has problems processing these symbols of language through the visual processing pathways there are reading problems and a visual dyslexia. When the brain has problems processing these sounds of language through the auditory processing pathways there are other problems, auditory dyslexia.
Dyslexia is not related to IQ, and many with dyslexia are pretty bright.
Here is an interesting video from FoxNews featuring Dr. Harold Levinson, a psychiatrist and neurologist. He has his own opinions of what causes Dyslexia, and how to approach treatment. It's worth viewing.
The main points that Dr. Levinson makes in this video are:
- There are lots of misconceptions about dyslexia. According to Dr Harold levinson, dyslexia results from an inner-ear syndrome and is characterized by many diverse reading and non-reading symptoms.
- Dyslexia is not a disturbance of the "thinking brain" but rather is a problem with the inner ear and/or cerebellum.
- Many with dyslexia are bright.
- There is a high correlation with ADHD and other learning disabilities. Medications and nutrients for ADHD may be useful in helping those with dyslexia.
- 15% of students may have dyslexia.
- "What I found in examining thousands of patinets... is that balance, coordination, and rythym are off, even in athletes." Speech coordination or eye coordination problems. Accident prone, always bumping into things. The inner ear and cerebellum are responsible for these functions.
- The National Institute for Literacy estimates that 30-50% of children have undiagonsed learning disabilities.
- Dyslexia is not just genetic - it may be acquired at any age as a result of impairments to the inner-ear or cerebellum.
- Certain nutrients can be used to improve function even in young children.
Here are some great articles on Dyslexia: | <urn:uuid:3a4db261-abf0-4f7c-b89a-c4889591015f> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://newideas.net/dyslexia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246652296.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045732-00082-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941893 | 641 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Yom Kippur. The Day of Atonement. What does that really mean? When you pull back the veil behind the literal meaning of the words, what do they tell us? How does this day really affect and impact us today? Let’s take a closer look at it in the literal black text and from there we’ll let the Spirit open up the prophetic meaning of the highest holy day of the year.
First of all, for those not familiar with the Feast Days of the LORD, let me back up and give you an extreme thumbnail overview. The seven feast days are split into two groups: the spring feast days and the fall feast days. The spring set is composed of Pesach (Passover), Unleavened Bread, Yom Bikkurim (First Fruits), and Shavuot (Pentecost) and are all about the First Coming of the Messiah. The fall set includes Yom Teruah (the Feast of Trumpets or Rosh HaShanah), Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement), and Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles) and is all about His Second Coming. But every single one is all about Jesus the Christ (Yeshua HaMashiach in Hebrew). Yeshua died on Passover, was put into the grave during the feast of Unleavened Bread (when every Jew was removing leaven (sin) from his house), rose at exactly the same moment that the high priest was waving the first fruit barley offering and asking Yahweh for a great harvest in the fall, and the Holy Spirit came down on Shavuot (which just so happened to be the same day 1200 years earlier on which all of Israel received the Torah on Mount Sinai).
The first feast day of the fall is Yom Teruah, the Feast of Trumpets. His people are commanded to blow the shofar or trumpet, just like they did standing at the walls of Jericho. In Judaism this holiday is called Rosh Hashanah and is the head of the new civil year. It falls on the new moon of the seventh Hebrew month (Tishrei) and kicks off the rest of the feasts.
Yom Kippur is next, and we’ll go through a lot of detail about it in the coming paragraphs, but for thousands of years the high priest of Israel would go into the Holy of Holies and make atonement for both his sin and all the sin of Israel for the previous year. It was “Judgment Day.”
The final fall feast day begins five days after Yom Kippur. The Feast of Sukkot (Tabernacles) is a week-long feast celebrated by all Israel. In the past it was not only a celebration of the end-of-the-year harvest, but was also a commemoration of the fact that God tabernacled with men in the wilderness and the idea that our bodies were just temporary “tents” (which is what Sukkot means in Hebrew). Sukkot is also representative of the Marriage Supper of the Lamb and is connected to the ancient Hebrew wedding celebration. This amazing holiday begins the Millennial reign of King Yeshua.
Now let’s get back to Yom Kippur.
Amazingly, the Jewish Talmud itself says that forty years before the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD, the crimson cloth stopped turning white and the doors were found miraculously open. “Coincidentally,” forty years before the destruction of the Temple is when Yeshua became both the la Adonai goat and the scapegoat, fulfilling the Yom Kippur ceremony in every detail. He took the sins of the people on His shoulders, became the High Priest that officiated the ceremony, and laid down His life for Yahweh as the la Adonai goat. His pure incense prayer – “Father forgive them for they know not what they do” – became the dark cloud of glory that filled the air and brought about the earthquake that ripped the veil in half and opened up the Holy of Holies for all to see. Finally, the legitimate payment for the sin of Adam was made by the blood of a perfect Lamb. Judgment has been rendered and the way into intimate communion with the One behind the veil was paved.
This is the pure prophetic beauty of Yom Kippur. But what if there’s more? What if the Holy day didn’t stop with that life-changing sacrifice two thousand years ago? After all, even though Yeshua/Jesus fulfilled the prophetic picture of Yom Kippur, He actually died on Passover (not on Yom Kippur) and physically became the Passover Lamb. Yom Kippur is in the fall on the physical calendar, which means that it is connected to the Second Coming of Messiah. So how does it connect to the Second Coming? Well, in order to know how He connects both to Passover and to Yom Kippur, it’s important to understand what Yom Kippur actually means.
Yom is the Hebrew word for day. So that’s easy. Kippur (pronounced “kip-poor”) comes from the root word kaphar which has the exact same letters. Kaphar has two main definitions. It can mean “to cover” and it can mean “to cancel.” It can mean “to appease” and “to pardon.” It can carry the idea of to pacify as well as to completely reconcile. And although they each sound similar they are starkly different.
The entire sacrificial system was a system of covering. The blood of bulls and goats did not cancel or destroy the sin, only covered it.
“For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sins.”
In order for sin to be canceled and destroyed, the host that carried them would have to be of equal value to the one being ransomed and would also have to be destroyed. This is why Yahweh told the Israelites to let the Azazel goat go into the wilderness and did not instruct them to kill it. It was a prophetic foreshadowing that sin was only being temporarily removed from the camp and not being destroyed. On the other hand, because He was a man, Yeshua was of equal value and could pay for man’s sin because He had no sin Himself. So the Azazel “goat” could not only take the sin on his shoulders but could also be killed, taking the sin into death with Him. This act on the tree two thousand years ago killed the power of sin, canceling the debt for all who accept it completely. But it does not fulfill the definition entirely. For once a payment has been made, the new owner is supposed to take possession of the item that was purchased. This “taking possession” does not take place until He comes for His Bride in the Second Coming. It is His return for His Bride during the fall feasts that bring about this final redemption and the final fulfillment of kaphar. Atonement is always connected to redemption. They are parallel ideas. Yom Kippur is the final “Judgment Day” of the people on earth where His people are forgiven, redeemed, ransomed, and taken into His chambers for relationship and those who are not His are judged. This is not the same event as the Great White Throne Judgment that happens at the end of the thousand-year millennial reign, but is a separation judgment nonetheless.
But let’s dive deeper. Kippur and kaphar are both spelled kof, pey, resh. In the ancient Paleo hieroglyphic Hebrew language, where every letter was originally a picture before it morphed into the modern block letters, this word has tremendous meaning. The letter kof was a bent hand like a hand on the top of a head that is anointing someone. It means “an anointed hand, specifically the palm.” Pey was a picture of a mouth and still means that today in modern Hebrew. Resh was a picture of a head and also still has the same meaning of “head or beginning.” It’s also where we get the term “Rosh Hashanah,” the head or beginning of the new year. So when you put it all together, Kippur actually means “The anointed hand and mouth brings about a new beginning.” Or it could mean “The anointed hand and mouth bring about an anointed head.” In either case, we are getting a major glimpse into the true meaning of Yom Kippur.
Although Yom Kippur is definitely all about The Messiah, the deeper and original intent of Yom Kippur was to pay a ransom and redeem mankind. It was to set free by word and by deed, by mouth and by hand. It was the Word of God that came in the flesh. It was His Word that was spoken and brought the Universe into existence. But it was the nail through Yeshua’s anointed hand that gave all mankind a new beginning. It was the Word through the mouth of God and the blood that dripped from the hand of Messiah that allow those who believe to be given new beginnings and have their own heads anointed.
I am blown away by and continually grateful for the prophetic foreshadowing that all the above provides. But let’s go deeper still, past the theology, and get to the heart of the Father. He is not just trying to fulfill prophecy and show us amazing connections in His Word. He is a Father and we are His children. And a good father is always trying to teach his good characteristics to his children by example. With this in mind, what is Yahweh trying to teach His children through this word Kippur in all its fullness? If the two greatest commandments are to love God with everything in us and to love our neighbor as ourselves, then EVERYTHING He does will fit into those two categories. So how do we fit Yom Kippur into those two commandments? Let’s take a look at the meaning again and I think it will become clear.
Kaphar means “cover, cancel, forgive, atone, purge, reconcile, cleanse, appease, put off, pardon, redeem and ransom.” Those words all deal with people. Yahweh is showing us how to deal with people. In scripture, we are commanded to forgive one another, to pardon one another, to cancel each other’s debts when we need to, to purge from our lives all bitterness and resentment, and to cover one another when we are found in sin. True love pays for someone’s debt without them knowing what you’re doing. Didn’t Yeshua pay for our debt without us knowing what He was doing until it was done? We are to reach out our HAND and proclaim with our MOUTH that we forgive one another, pardon one another, and cancel the debt toward one another. When we do this, it truly brings about the final letter in the word kippur, which is a NEW BEGINNING!
Yom Kippur is not just a reflection on our sin and what Christ did to set us free. It’s not just a day of fasting and prayer and getting right with God. Yom Kippur is a lifestyle. We should be atoning for others just like He atoned for us. Just like Christ, the Judgment belonged to His Father, but the action of forgiveness belonged to Him. We are to forgive and truly cancel others’ debts and let the Father do the judging. Perhaps He will bring restoration and perhaps the consequences of that sin will require a different outcome. In any case, we are to lay ourselves down on that cross and look for opportunities to truly be Christ for others. It’s easy to love those who love you. But who can love those who hurt you? This is what Yom Kippur is really all about.
In Mathew 18 there is a parable of the unforgiving servant who was forgiven a debt of ten thousand talents. After he was forgiven, he chose not to forgive the one who owed him a hundred denari and put him into prison instead. When the original master found out that this had happened, he called his former servant into his chambers and said, “You wicked servant! I forgave you all that debt because you begged me to. Should you not also have had compassion on your fellow servant, just as I had pity on you?” He sent the ungrateful man to the torturers until he could pay all he owed.
This story illustrates what a Yom Kippur lifestyle is really all about. There was a debt owed, a payment made, and a person ransomed out of prison. How often do we hold grudges, allow bitterness to eat us from the inside out, and hold others hostage in the prisons of our minds until they pay the debt they owe us? I know I have done this on more than one occasion. But let us not just celebrate Yom Kippur this year. Let’s LIVE the power of Yom Kippur each and every day of our lives, looking for opportunities to open prison doors and set the captives free. The hour of trial is upon the household of God right now. Will we release those we’re holding hostage or will we continue to demand payment for all they owe? Christ died for sinners. We are to be like Christ and need to die for those who have sinned against us. To live is Christ and to die is gain. Death rips the veil across our hearts and lets the love of God come flowing in. Forgive, pardon, die. That’s the power of Yom Kippur. | <urn:uuid:e54bd120-4dc2-43fe-9912-2d639cb818d0> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://staleyfamilyministries.com/feast-days/the-real-meaning-of-yom-kippur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644309.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528150639-20230528180639-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.972651 | 2,930 | 2.828125 | 3 |
What does monkeypox look like? The most common symptoms of monkeypox are fever, headache, and muscle aches. A rash may also develop, which can be mistaken for chickenpox or smallpox. Monkeypox is a serious disease that can cause death in up to 10% of cases. It is important to be able to distinguish monkeypox from other diseases, especially since there is no specific treatment for this virus. Learn more about the symptoms and how to protect yourself from monkeypox in this blog post.
What Is Monkeypox and How Is It Spread
monkeypox is a viral disease that is spread through contact with the monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus is found in Africa and Asia, and it is related to the smallpox virus. Monkeypox is usually mild, but it can sometimes be severe. In severe cases, monkeypox can be deadly. The monkeypox virus is spread through contact with the blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals. It can also be spread through contact with infected people. Monkeypox is most commonly spread through contact with rodents or primates, but it can also be spread through contact with other animals, such as dogs, cats, and Birds. The monkeypox virus can also be spread through contact with infected humans. People who have been in close contact with someone who has monkeypox are at risk for developing the disease. There is no specific treatment for monkeypox. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Monkeypox vaccination is available in some countries, but it is not yet available in the United States. The best way to prevent monkeypox is to avoid contact with infected animals or people.
What Are the Symptoms of Monkeypox
The symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of other poxvirus infections, such as smallpox and chickenpox. They include a fever, headache, muscle aches, weakness, and a rash. The rash typically begins on the face and spreads to the hands and feet. It usually starts as small red bumps that turn into fluid-filled blisters. The blisters eventually scab over and heal. Monkeypox can be fatal in rare cases, but most people recover completely after a few weeks. There is no specific treatment for monkeypox, but symptoms can be relieved with supportive care. vaccinia virusThe best way to prevent monkeypox is to avoid contact with wild animals, particularly rodents and apes. vaccination against smallpox can also help protect against monkeypox. People who have been vaccinated against smallpox are less likely to develop severe symptoms if they become infected with monkeypox. People who have not been vaccinated against smallpox should receive the vaccine as soon as possible after exposure to monkeypox. The Smallpox vaccine is safe and effective, and it offers the best protection against monkeypox.
How to Protect Yourself From Monkeypox
With the recent outbreak of monkeypox in Nigeria, it is important to be aware of the risks and how to protect yourself from this potentially deadly disease.
Monkeypox is a viral illness that is similar to smallpox, although it is generally less severe. The virus is usually passed from animals to humans, and can cause a range of symptoms including fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, rash, and fatigue.
Fortunately, there are a few simple steps you can take to protect yourself from monkeypox. First, avoid contact with any animals that may be infected with the virus. Second, if you must come into contact with an infected animal, be sure to wear gloves and other protective clothing. Third, since the virus can also be spread through human contact, avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. Finally, if you develop any symptoms of monkeypox, be sure to see a doctor immediately.
By following these simple tips, you can help protect yourself from monkeypox and other diseases.
What to Do if You Think You Have Monkeypox
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), monkeypox is a rare viral infection that is similar to smallpox. The CDC recommends that if you think you have monkeypox, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately. They also recommend that you avoid contact with other people, especially if they are sick, and avoid touching your face or eyes. In addition, you should clean any surfaces that you think may be contaminated, and wash your hands often. By taking these precautions, you can help to prevent the spread of monkeypox and protect yourself and others from this potentially deadly virus.
How Long Does Monkeypox Last
Monkeypox is a viral infection that is similar to smallpox. It is found primarily in Africa and can be deadly in some cases. The incubation period for monkeypox is usually between two and three weeks. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a rash that starts on the face and then spreads to the body. There is no specific treatment for monkeypox, but the good news is that it usually goes away on its own after a few weeks. Prevention is key, as there is no vaccine available yet. Avoiding contact with infected animals and being vaccinated against smallpox can help to reduce the risk of monkeypox. If you think you have been exposed, it is important to seek medical attention immediately as monkeypox can be deadly in some cases. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the chances of a full recovery.
Is There a Cure for Monkeypox
There is no currently no known cure for monkeypox. This viral disease is similar to smallpox, which was eradicated in 1980. There is an oral vaccine that can help prevent monkeypox, however it is not 100% effective. The virus generally starts with a fever, followed by a rash that eventually forms pustules. The illness can be deadly in some cases, particularly to young children and the elderly. Treatment generally focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the patient through the illness. In most cases, patients will recover within a few weeks with no long-term effects. However, some patients may develop complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis, which can be fatal. There is currently no cure for monkeypox, but researchers are working to develop a more effective vaccine to help prevent the spread of this disease. Monkeypox is a rare disease, and most cases have been reported in Africa. However, there have been a few outbreaks in other parts of the world, including the United States. The best way to prevent monkeypox is to avoid contact with infected animals or people. If you live in an area where monkeypox is present, be sure to consult your doctor if you start to experience any symptoms of the disease.
The monkeypox virus is a rare and dangerous virus that can cause serious illness. Early symptoms of the virus include fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. As the virus progresses, lesions may form on the skin. These lesions can be filled with fluid or pus and often have a black center. If you experience any of these symptoms, please seek medical attention immediately. While there is no cure for monkeypox, early diagnosis and treatment can help improve your chances of recovery. Have you ever seen someone with monkeypox? What did they look like? Let us know in the comments below. | <urn:uuid:398bff72-b494-40e4-934f-a52c9fea1af3> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://demonslayerm.com/what-does-monkeypox-look-like/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00632.warc.gz | en | 0.960608 | 1,457 | 3.5 | 4 |
Modern spark plugs are more durable than most previous designs. Until recently, spark plugs rarely lasted beyond a few thousand miles, and chains of tune-up shops thrived by offering this vital service. Professional technicians and astute hobbyists inspect spark plugs to gauge engine and ignition system conditions. The appearance of the business end of any spark plug may often reveal a discrepancy in that particular cylinder. The clues proffered by the condition and wear pattern of the plug electrodes often help diagnose symptoms ranging from improper ignition timing to poor driving habits. Accurately reading your spark plugs can render more valuable information than tea leaves or palm readers have ever disclosed.
Wear and Tear
Normal wear of a spark plug is exhibited by some erosion of the center electrode. The square-cut shoulders of the electrode get rounded off, and the side, or ground, electrode may display some loss of material as well. The plug gap is widened by this normal loss of material, and engine performance and fuel economy suffer. Uniform wear on each plug may simply indicate needed maintenance, but pronounced wear of a single plug can signify a lean fuel mixture in that cylinder. A vacuum leak may be suspected in such cases. In instances where the center electrode wear pattern mimics the curve of the side electrode, material loss is obvious. This one-sided depletion is normally found in smaller engines, due to the heavier work loads that they experience.
A spark plug that is running too hot can wear unevenly and prematurely. Excess heat is shown by electrodes with erratic wear patterns that are free of ashes or other deposits. The white insulation of the electrode may even be blistered by the extreme heat load. Such conditions noted on all spark plugs can indicate overly advanced ignition timing or engine cooling system shortfalls. A single plug suffering this symptom may be due to a vacuum leak in that cylinder. A vacuum leak dilutes the fuel mixture with excessive air that increases internal temperatures and reduces the service lift of the spark plug. A plug with a cooler heat range may solve the problem, once proper ignition timing, fuel delivery and engine cooling is confirmed.
Engine spark knock, or "ping," can usually be heard from inside the passenger compartment of a vehicle. Each knock is actually a premature detonation in a combustion chamber. Spark knock can be caused by a defective emission control device, incorrect ignition timing, excessive engine loads and poor fuel quality. Spark plugs that are subjected to detonations often exhibit fractures in the electrode insulation. Not only does the ill-timed explosion damage the plug insulation, but pistons may be ruined by debris or concussion. The minor inconvenience of down-shifting appropriately or buying quality fuel pales in comparison to dealing with catastrophic engine failure.
The Gap Index
Uneven erosion can be eliminated by modern spark plug designs that incorporate multiple ground electrodes or superior metal alloys. However, engine builders and racing enthusiasts practice the art of spark plug indexing to stem one-sided wear and to take full advantage of cylinder designs and ignition system abilities. The plugs are installed in the cylinder head before it is attached to the engine block. This allows positioning of the electrode gap for optimum combustion and uniform wear. The plugs are shimmed to secure the alignment, and the cylinder head is installed. Despite the expense of premium, high-performance spark plugs, they remain a viable alternative to such complex procedures. Modern car engines enjoy greatly extended service intervals, but modified, or otherwise finicky, engines can benefit from periodic plug inspections, cleanings and adjustments.
- Electric and Electronic Systems for Automobiles and Trucks; Robert N. Brady
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The Heart of Florida United Way launched the Going2College text messaging campaign to reduce the information barrier that prevents high school youth from going to college. This initiative, developed alongside Central Florida College Access Network (CFCAN), increases college access by giving guidance via text message throughout the college application process. A student, parent, or mentor can get information about financial aid, deadlines, and other relevant resources by texting the code of the school(s) in which he/she is interested.
Meandering Toward Graduation: Transcript Outcomes of High School Graduates (2016)
This report from Ed Trust examines the disparity that exists between High School graduation rates and true preparation for college and career. It explores how almost half of students graduate high school without having exposure to curriculum that prepares them for college or career and highlights the need to make the diploma mean something.
Building a Grad Nation: Data Brief: Overview of 2013-14 High School Graduation Rates (2016)
This data brief, created by the Everyone Graduates Center and Civic Enterprises in collaboration with the Alliance for Excellent Education and America's Promise Alliance, shares state-by-state trends in high school graduation rates. It focuses on breaking down graduation rates by key groups of students.
Building Postsecondary Pathways for Opportunity Youth (2015)
This "Lessons Learned" document is part of the brief from The American Youth Policy Forum which investigates pathways into postsecondary education and the workforce for vulnerable older youth in Connecticut and Michigan. It seeks to provide information that will foster a dialogue among key stakeholders on the state-level.
Youth Employment (2014)
This white paper from United Way Worldwide examines the need for a comprehensive strategy to improve United Way efforts around youth employment. It uses findings from a study of the Community Leaders Panel, which consists of 95 U.S. and international United Way CEOs. Overall, it explores the necessity of using a Collective Impact Model to most effectively foster collaboration among diverse stakeholders and maximize potential impact from youth employment efforts. Throughout the report, it discusses potential solutions and shares specific examples.
In This Together: The Hidden Cost of Young Adult Unemployment (2014)
This policy brief from Young Invincibles is a call to action around young adult unemployment. It explains how the failure to provide young people with good jobs is actually costing the public and the economy a staggering amount at both the federal and the state level.
Predictors of Postsecondary Success (2013)
This brief from the The College and Career Readiness and Success Center gives information to school, district, and state personnel looking for support to decipher if their students are on the path to postsecondary success. It summarizes behaviors, skills, and other traits that predict students' future academic and career success, at the levels of Early Childhood, Elementary, Middle Grades, and High School. The brief then discusses the implications that knowing these predictors has on the ability to measure and promote student postsecondary success.
A Proven Solution for Dropout Prevention: Expanded Learning Opportunities (2012)
This article explores how OST programs can integrate with dropout prevention initiatives to increase school attendance, promote academic gains, improve behavior, and overall lead to increased graduation rates. It shares key research and explores examples of programs working within these areas.
Youth Program Quality Implications for Policy and Practice (2012)
This Ready By 21 brief examines the implications of the Youth Program Quality Intervention (YPQI) and reasons why many out-of-school programs do not achieve their potential impact on youth, including in the college and career preparedness field. It shares evidence that expresses the need for high-quality training, programming, follow-up and assessment in the OST field.
The Potential of Career and College Readiness and Exploration in Afterschool Programs (2012)
This article from the American Youth Policy Forum, featured in the compendium Expanding Minds and Opportunities: Leveraging the Power of Afterschool and Summer Learning for Student Success, explores the importance of using the potential of out-of-school programs to promote college and career opportunities. The article gives specific examples of programs and initiatives that have been successful, and it recommends certain steps for OST programs to take in order to achieve success.
Providing Innovative Opportunities and Options for Credit Recovery Through Afterschool and Summer Learning Programs (2012)
This article highlights the role that afterschool and summer programs can play in credit recovery and the impact that getting students back on track can have on their long-term development and success. It focuses on the innovative capabilities of OST programs and the ways in which programs have successfully used their flexibility to help students with credit recovery. Finally, it gives eight tangible recommendations for high-quality OST credit recovery efforts.
This series of issue briefs by Ready by 21 promotes increased collaboration measures across multiple sectors – business, nonprofits, government, education, communities and families – to increase postsecondary completion and create an effective transition environment for youth.
Insulating the Education Pipeline to Increase Postsecondary Success (2010)
First in the series, this issue brief examines the importance of postsecondary completion and the positioning of the United States in this area.
High Expectations & Strong Supports Yield Postsecondary Success (2011)
This second brief explores tangible ways to insulate the education pipeline for vulnerable, older youth through provision of key supports necessary for success. It highlights YouthBuild Brockton's partnership with Massasoit Community College to transition from dropout recovery to postsecondary completion. Then, it describes research on higher education supports for students and shares insight from a senior associate at the Institute for Higher Education Policy.
Changing the Odds for Students- Spotlight on Kingsborough College (2011)
The third issue brief looks into how leaders of Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn, NY have altered the manner with which they approach business to improve student success. It explains how they improved data use, developed a high-level coordination body, and more effectively allocated resources, and the positive impact those changes made on improving persistence and graduation rates.
When Working Works: Employment and Postsecondary Success (2011)
Fourth in the series, this brief summarizes research on postsecondary success and gives examples of institutions and employers that use innovative methods of supporting student persistence while maintaining and advancing their bottom lines by creating “college-friendly” jobs.
Raising the Bar from Ready by 21 to Credentialed by 26: Highlights from Community and State Efforts (2012)
This fifth and final brief focuses on alignment between multi-sector work in the field. It explores how leaders are working together to achieve postsecondary success on both the community and state levels by examining two initiatives. The first, the Credentialed by 26 Community Challenge, supported four communities in starting local conversations around ways to improve postsecondary success. The second, the Credential by 26 Policy Roundtables, helped leaders in three states to identify low-cost policy options to increase support for low-income college students. The brief concludes with a sample of policy changes that would promote postsecondary success.
After School Matters, Chicago
This Chicago-based program is one of the strongest out-of-school program examples for a model that promotes college and career success. Follow the link above to visit After School Matters' website and learn how they've created a program for teens that follows an apprenticeship model to help teens gain valuable skills and enhanced motivation. The main components of the program include: advocating for teens, creating opportunities for teens through partnerships with local organizations, preparing teens for work and higher education, highlighting teen accomplishments, and sharing research and best practices about OST for teens. Read the article "After-School Programs and Academic Impact: A Study of Chicago's After School Matters" to see evidence of the positive impact this program has on Chicago teens.
Build San Francisco Institute
This Institute is a half-day program for high school students interested in engineering, construction, design, and architecture. In partnership with the Architectural Foundation of San Francisco, the San Francisco Unified School District, and over two dozen major firms, the Build San Francisco Institute crafted a merged academic program and mentorship opportunity for local students. Students are able to gain hard skills and knowledge in these areas and then take it to the next level and apply that knowledge in a practical, real-world environment.
From The College Board, this website has a plethora of resources for college- or career-bound students to get them informed, excited, and connected. It helps students find colleges, explore careers, determine ways to pay for college, get accepted to college, and make a plan for college. Some notable resources include:
Fiske Guide to Colleges Self-Quiz
This self-assessment from the Fiske Guide to Colleges asks students 30 questions dealing with size, location, and large-scale issues like their preferred personality and character of a college. It then shares suggestions for student's college priorities based on their responses in various categories. It then goes question-by-question and explains the significance of what considering that aspect of college matters, and what different responses can mean for your future.
FAFSA: Applying for Aid
The Federal Student Aid office of the U.S. Department of Education offers a variety of resources for those looking to complete a FAFSA and apply for aid. On the main website, linked to above, there are numerous resources related to specific aspects of FAFSA and particular questions about the process. Additionally, some noteable resources include:
Do You Need Money for College?: Federal Student Aid At a Glance
This U.S. Department of Education resource gives an overview of federal student aid. It includes a chart that explains the various programs, types of aid, and details of applying and potential amount awarded.
College Going Activities K–6
This resource from Amy Pimentel, an education consultant, provides a variety of activities tailored to students in Kindergarten through 6th grade. The activities can be led by an OST staff member, and they center around college preparation in an innovative, engaging manner.
Realizing the College Dream
This resource is intended to help educators increase the rate of college attendance among low-income, first-generation students. It provides interactive workshops and hands-on activities about planning for and affording college, examples of experiences that challenge students to picture themselves in college, and important information that can help students understand the economic value of college. Visit their website to download the guide for free.
Email your Out-of-School Time reports, publications, best practices, case studies, blog articles, videos, media mentions, etc. to firstname.lastname@example.org. We will contact you if we are featuring your resource in the OST Toolkit. | <urn:uuid:2b740bd3-f44e-4b5b-b3e6-5de3aa6a8c59> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.unitedway.org/our-impact/focus/education/out-of-school-time/featured-topics/collegecareer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823183.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20181209210843-20181209232843-00251.warc.gz | en | 0.926762 | 2,187 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The National Museum of African American History and Culture recently partnered with FamilySearch, the National Archives, the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, and the California African American Museum to create a database of records of emancipated African Americans.
DiscoverFreedmen.org searches FamilySearch's collection of Freedmen's Bureau records. Established in 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau provided aid to recently emancipated slaves and poor whites in the South. The Freedmen's Bureau archives include marriage, census, land, court, school, and medical information from between 1865 and 1872. Because slaves were rarely recorded in pre-Civil War records, the Freedmen's Bureau is an excellent starting point for tracing enslaved ancestors. | <urn:uuid:7f7f3af3-eead-4a5c-9972-72dffc6f081b> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://gplgenealogy.blogspot.com/2017/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347436828.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604001115-20200604031115-00060.warc.gz | en | 0.939531 | 148 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Somewhere between a vat of expensive face cream and a baby Neanderthal lies a probable future for synthetic biology. While synbio start-ups – large and small – struggle with the reality of scaling up microscopic cellular factories into profitable business models, stories of DIY anti-cancer research, Neanderthal cloning, limitless ‘green’ kerosene, and tumor-killing bacteria are told as outcomes of a likely future where humans have full control over biology.
Over the last decade, many diverse interests have contributed to this ambition of an easy-to-manipulate biology, as the field of synthetic biology has spread around research labs all over the world. Scientists, engineers, policymakers, industrialists, space agencies, politicians, and even designers are constructing a future defined by the grand rhetoric of a world-changing, world-saving technology.
The engineering vision supported by governments and corporations tends towards the practical. These are liquid dreams of industrial chemistry and pipelines filled with expensive molecules oozing out of synthetic organisms, invisible biological factories locked in secure vats. The bigger aspirations of synthetic biologists to place engineered life into the ecosystem, from pollution-munching bacteria to hi-tech plants, need not be realized for synthetic biology to be deemed a successful venture in terms of investment parameters.
‘Official’ biological futures tend to occupy “the half pipe of doom”.
Meanwhile, designers and artists are increasingly intrigued by the promise of biology as a material to make things, programmed from the DNA up. These visions tend to sway between mild utopias, where ‘green’ technologies successfully displace existing dirty ones, growing trees as houses, or creating novel biodegradable materials; and unfamiliar states of existence that to most, might seem more like soft dystopias: futures where algae is farmed on bodies, or pigeons defecate soap.
‘Official’ biological futures tend to occupy what Drew Endy, a pioneer of the field, describes as “the half pipe of doom”. At one end lies biological perfection, where our needs are met and our behaviors are thankfully unchanged: we’ll fly endless miles in planes fueled by kerosene, secreted by yeast that has gorged on sugarcane. At the other end are the scenes of biological terror and human error, disastrous calamities where the boundaries between designed and un-designed life is indistinguishable, or beyond our financial or physical control.
All these futures are not equally likely, but progress lies somewhere in here.
What are the mundane realities of designing biology today? Synthetic biology is a predicted technology that still has a lot of science to grapple with. Computer logic and biological survival are not a natural fit. While the discipline is increasingly enabled by exponential advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies, in labs around the world, engineers and scientists are painstakingly trying to wrest control over biology’s complexity. The visions are necessary to fuel this research, especially in an application-driven climate. George Osborne, the UK’s Chancellor of the Exchequer, announced twenty million British pounds of funding for UK synthetic biology in 2012, with the justification that: “They say that synthetic biology will heal us, heat and feed us.” It may be some time yet.
Computer logic and biological survival are not a natural fit.
For a technology that promises it could make all living matter into viable material with which to build useful things, it is vitally important to consider the future now. Investment and law-making shape the path of progress, as can public opinions. Can we influence the path of our biological future? This is where I see a valuable role for design and art in these early stages, upstream in the development of a technology. Navigating the space between the mundane visions of chemicals, tethered in the technologically possible, and dreams unconstrained by existing science can help us test out what we might want from a future. It may also inspire new research areas, and make us think more carefully about others.
The drive to engage in synthetic biology research is, for many engineers and scientists, underpinned by a desire ‘to make the world a better place’. How these beliefs are defined and evaluated, and whose ‘better’ will ultimately shape our common future, is something that is less clear. As companies turn to synthetic biology, they are investing in muscled-up salmon, rubber-secreting microbes, and long-lasting plastics made by bacteria. Establishing what we want from ‘better’ is essential, otherwise we may well end up replicating existing, troubled systems of production with ‘biosimilars’. The discourse around synthetic biology tends to placate, soothing our concerns, yet this still is a technology that can be applied equally to the production of anti-malarial chemicals as to the design of ‘greener’ explosives.
As such, working as an artist or designer building futures upstream in a technology comes with a responsibility. Through my own experiments testing out different kinds of collaborations in synthetic biology, I have discovered that by imagining a future, you might make it more likely. Arthur Clarke famously noted: “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Building alternative visions that are indistinguishable from possible reality can contribute to the hype around an emerging technology. This runs the risk of desensitizing us to the issues that we need to face, or less seriously perhaps, triggering disappointment when the future doesn’t come to pass.
Now, in the prefuture of synthetic biology, is where designers, artists, activists, DIY experimenters can critique and direct the path of this possible future. As engineers, synthetic biologists ask: ‘How do we make algae make fuel?’ We also need to challenge what’s being asked. This means not only designing ways to use less fuel, but also imagining systems that don’t need fuel.
The UK’s Design Council notes that: “Eighty percent of the environmental impact of the products, services, and infrastructure around us is determined at the design stage.” By affecting the direction that a technology takes at a much earlier stage than problem solving, could we do better?
Synthetic biology won’t necessarily solve our problems. But it could make for a more interesting future if and when we get there.
This essay has been reprinted from Volume magazine #35: Everything Under Control. The author likes to thank Autodesk for the generous support during the research and writing of this article. | <urn:uuid:165ac558-74d7-4a0f-b986-29887cb09382> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://nextnature.net/story/2013/the-prefuture-of-synthetic-biology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363376.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207105847-20211207135847-00161.warc.gz | en | 0.938541 | 1,346 | 2.546875 | 3 |
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