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Under the current lockdowns during COVID-19 pandemic, people are restricted in their movements and activities in order to help limiting disease transmission. However, it remains important for people of all ages and abilities to be as active as possible. Physical activity refers to all forms of active recreation, sport participation as well as activities at work and around the home and garden. It does not have to be exercise or sport. In fact, playing, dancing, gardening and even house cleaning are a part of being physically active. Not only to boost immune function to act against viruses more effectively, but regular physical activity also helps ease muscle functions and reduce risks of developing chronic diseases as well as relieve mental tension, improving overall mental health.
Although, there is no confirmative evidence suggesting that regular exercise can prevent people from COVID-19 disease, all forms of physical activity play a major role in enhancing immune functions, resulting in lowered risks of being infected as well as quicker recovery if becoming infected. However, being physically and mentally active during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to certain restrictions. It is still vital to continue daily life with regular movements in order to remain fit and active. To benefit overall health and wellbeing, recommendations made by health authorities on physical activity for people of all ages include:
Regular physical movements: It is suggested to have a total of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout the week, or at least 30 minutes per day, at least 5 days/week.
Vigorous-intensity exercise should be avoided: Since vigorous exercise might suppress certain aspects of immune function, thus only moderate-intensity activity is preferred. Talking during exercise is also allowed along with social practice.
At-home workouts: At-home workout routine can be started easily with a wide range of activities, for instance:
Dancing practice by using social network and media;
Playing games that physical movement is required;
Having exercise instructed by experts or trainers through internet and
Conducting simple activities, such as skipping rope and yoga.
To follow instructions directed by health authorities and governments, fitness centers, gyms and parks have temporarily closed in an effort to prevent the spread of the viruses. Nevertheless, being inactive and skipping physical routine significantly reduce physical fitness and overall health status. If physical inactivity continues, this might potentially lead to decreased fitness level up to 10% per week.
Instead of going to these places, at-home workouts can be easily implemented with convenience and joy. Tips for starting routine at-home workouts are:
Exercise should combine both cardio and strength trainings. Cardio training generally involves exercising at a constant moderate level of intensity, for a specified duration in order to strengthen the heart and increase lung capacity. Strength or resistance training aims to improve muscular fitness by exercising a specific muscle or muscle group against external resistance, weight machines or body weight.
Researches have indicated that vigorous or high-intensity exercise can potentially induce immune suppression, thus the optimal length for each exercise session should not longer than 60 minutes while target heart rate should be lower than 80% of maximum heart rate.
In case of the lack of sport equipment that used in gyms, alternatives include bodyweight exercise using own body weight and elastic resistance training using elastic devices e.g. elastic band and tube.
The workout should begin with a warm-up and end with cooling down. A warn-up and cooling down are important since they increase flexibility of muscles and help preventing injuries.
To avoid boredom after repeating same routine, exercise should be performed with joy and fun. Interval training is simply alternating short bursts of intense activity with longer intervals of less intense activity. In addition, there are plenty of mobile applications involving exercise and physical activities e.g. online games and competitions which participants can easily join at home.
For professional athletes, a video conference can contribute significant benefits in training and coaching with coaches and team members. While holding a video conference, athletic posture, techniques and skills could be monitored, resulting in fitness improvement and reduced chance of injuries.
Despite the consistency in the recommendation that people should wear face masks as a daily habit, wearing masks during conducting physical activities or exercise might generate negative impacts to the body. The face mask generally covers the mouth and nose. While exercising, wearing masks may limit ventilation and impair oxygen levels, causing breathing difficulties, shortness of breath and chest tightness. However, effects generated by wearing mask vary among individuals, depending on personal conditions and the types of masks.
Professional and general athletes: Athletes who have regular training are prone to be more tolerant of wearing mask while having moderate-intensity exercise. Nonetheless, performing high-intensity exercise might need increased ventilation if mask is worn during exercise. As a result, this might lead to breathing issues and impaired fitness level.
People who do not exercise regularly or the elderly: Wearing mask during exercise might increase risk of breathing problems since the body is not familiar to limited ventilation, therefore the heart and lungs tend to work harder than usual.
Face masks made of different materials have been developed and available. Different types of masks have different quality and usage purposes as well as effects on ventilation system while wearing, such as:
N95 mask: N95 mask or respirator is a respiratory protective device designed to achieve a very close facial fit and very efficient filtration of airborne particles. N95 mask or even surgical mask increases the effort in breathing and may cause discomfort especially while exercising. Although some N95 masks have exhalation valves on the front, it does not help to breathe easier. In fact, it might induce breathing difficulties and shortness of breath during conducting exercise.
Cloth mask: Even though cloth mask is more convenient to wear and considered an alternative for personal protection, it cannot filter fine particles such as PM2.5 and prevent viral transmission during direct exposure to droplets from sneeze or cough.
Given the current circumstances, prevention of disease transmission via all means remains crucial as the first priority. Staying active and fit is also important to minimize the risk of infections. To reduce chances of viral spreading, at-home exercise or exercise in isolation areas with social distancing (at least 2 meters from each other) is highly recommended. Especially outdoor exercise, social distancing must be strictly complied with since droplets contaminated with viruses from infected people when sneezing or coughing might spread further due to speed and wind velocity. Besides social practice, other preventive measures must be followed e.g. maintaining good personal hygiene, frequent handwashing and avoiding touching mouth, eyes, nose and face.
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LOIT, v. to make a soggy mess
Loit has some rather unsavoury meanings. The first definition in the Dictionary of the Scots Language (www.dsl.ac.uk) is ‘To throw something, usually wet and soggy, in a mass on the ground’ and we are then told that this often applies to discharges from the body (either end).
So, one example from Kirkcudbright dated 1900 is:“A drunk man aften loits up what he has drunk like a mill shillin”, and another from Perth (1902) is: “That lazy donkey stands up loitin’ every half-hour”. In this quotation from Walter Gregor’s Dialect of Banffshire (1866) it means to fall with a dull thud: “He lytet our on’s back”.
More generally, to loit is to do any kind of work clumsily and unskilfully, especially to mess about with some wet, soppy material, or to puddle about. It can also mean to tell a long, rambling story, or to talk at length and to little purpose.
As a noun, a loit is defined as ‘an unseemly mass of any substance, liquid or semi-liquid’, or a lump of horse or donkey dung. An 1824 quotation from the Scots Magazine illustrates the former: “Yonder’s a cloud, too, that’s wearying to get a loot aff its stamach”, and the latter appears in this 1951 extract from the New Shetlander describing someone as “A big-boned, loud-voiced Amazon of a woman, who could step it out across the heather and da lyjoiks as well as any man”.
Among the cleaner meanings of loit are a spurt of water, especially from a boiling pot, or a small quantity of any liquid. Thus we read in a 1911 edition of the John O’ Groats Journal: “Jean asked him for a wee lawyt of the cod liver oil”. Figuratively, loit can refer to a quantity of anything in disorder, or a confused swarm or small creatures.
Scots Word of the Week is written by Ann Ferguson of Scottish Language Dictionaries www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk, 25 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LN (0131) 650 4149 firstname.lastname@example.org. For £20 you can sponsor a Scots word.
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Ali Jafri Mrs. Neal CHC 2D1 January 7, 2010
The Avro Arrow Tragedy
The Avro Arrow was an all-Canadian aircraft. The Arrow was designed and manufactured in Malton, Ontario. It was the pride of all the employees that worked on it and many other Canadians. Unfortunately, Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker canceled the Arrow program in 1959. The Avro Arrow was such an advanced and profound jet, that no aircraft existed to match up to the Avro Arrow and because it was capable of so much it should not have been cancelled. Firstly, the Arrow would have made Canada advanced in aeronautical technology. Secondly, the Arrow could have protected not only Canada but also the United States from the attacking Russian nuclear missiles. Finally, if the program had not canceled, Canada would not have had to lose part of its brainpower and employees would not have lost their jobs.
The concept of the Arrow and its capability would have made Canada advanced in aeronautical technology. The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) wanted a new type of aircraft competent of intercepting missiles. The RCAF looked for similar aircrafts in other countries, such as Britain and the United States; but discovered that there was no aircraft being designed or manufactured that could compare to or was superior to the Arrow. In that case the RCAF and the Liberal government of St. Laurent at the time decided to build an aircraft in Canada, to be designed and built by A.V. Roe Canada. The Arrow would be able to fly out of its base and reach its target in minutes to be able to destroy it with the missile it was equipped with. Thus Canada seeing no other country was building an aircraft, took the opportunity to build their very own original aircraft, which would lead to a great amount of success in its flight tests.
... of the Avro Arrow project restricted Canada’s growth ... of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) and ... aircraft. The aircraft was practically perfect and the decision to cancel it wasted the Arrow’s sophisticated technology with the military. When the Avro Arrow ... built jet would better suit our needs. Kyle Schmidt (1995) calls the Arrow “nearly perfect” and explains that is was exactly what Canada ...
In addition to building the Arrow, a new engine with new technology was built for the Arrow. At first the engines were supposed to be brought from a foreign region along with the weapons and electronics, but since an engine could not be found the Iroquois engine was developed. The Iroquois engine was designed and developed by Orenda, Avro’s subsidiary. The Iroquois engine would replace propeller planes and make the Arrow fly at amazing supersonic speed. With supersonic speed the Arrow would be able to reach its target much faster than an aircraft with a propeller. Both the Iroquois engine and the Arrow jet were being developed in Canada, for Canada and by Canada. They had amazing technology and great capability. There was no doubt that both machines, especially the Arrow, would have made aeronautical technology more advanced in Canada than the world by a couple of years.
Secondly, the Arrow could have protected Canada and the United States from the attacking Russian nuclear missiles. The USSR’s (Russia) space program was a success in the 1950’s. On October 4th, 1957, the Soviet Union launched a satellite and put it into orbit. This meant that the Soviets were building an effective missile. The missiles that were being built would have been used to attack or counterattack against the United States. Canada being an ally with the United States, because of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), would also be a target of the Soviets for two reasons. The first reason is because Canada is a country ran by capitalism, which the Soviets despise because they were communists. The other reason was that Canada and the United States share a border and are on the same continent. Thus Canadian cities would have been within the range of Soviet missile targets. The Arrow was an interceptor aircraft would be a great way of shooting down missiles. The Arrow was designed to fly up and intercept Russian bombers flying at a maximum altitude of 25 000 feet. The Arrow was a better alternative to protecting North America since Canada would not need nuclear missiles from the U.S. on Canadian soil. Most Canadians did not want nuclear missiles in Canada so they thought the Arrow would be a better alternative. It would destroy missiles before it even reached the coastline around Canada.
How The Turbo Unit Works The Compressor Side To keep it brief and simple, a turbo unit compresses the intake of the engine by means of a fan. Essentially, the fan pulls in air on one side and then it pushes it out the other (see diagram A, here it's referred to as the compressor wheel). A fan performs the function of moving air; however we are still left with the task of compressing the air. In ...
Finally, if the Arrow program had not been cancelled most of Canada’s brainpower would not have been lost. On February 20th, 1959, also known as “Black Friday”, more than 30 000 A.V. Roe Canada employees became unemployed. After Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker announced the termination of the Arrow program the A.V. Roe executives had no choice but to dismiss all of its employees because they were all recruited to work particularly on the Arrow. This was due to Prime Minister Diefenbaker ordered all work on the Arrow to be ceased immediately. Now over 30 000 highly skilled workers were left without work and were not needed at the time. The Government was clueless in regards to how to employ all the unemployed skilled workers. Their intelligence was now useless to the country because no new projects were being reviewed. Furthermore, recruiters from Britain and especially the United States took the opportunity of the Arrow’s cancellation to recruit most of the employees into their aerospace industry. Most of these people were highly skilled scientists, designers, engineers, craftsmen and tradesmen who left to find work in the U.S. and Britain. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was one major industry that recruited most of A.V. Roe’s employees. The A.V. Roe employees that went to work at NASA played an important role in American aerospace programs for instance “Apollo”, the “Concord Project” and also putting a man on the moon. Therefore, by cancelling the Arrow project Canada lost a beneficial majority of skilled workers to Britain and the United States, who profited abundantly.
In conclusion, the Government of Canada should have continued with the Arrow program until it was finished. The Arrow would have made Canada more advanced in aeronautical technology than most countries in the world. Also the Arrow could have protected North America from attacking Russian nuclear missiles. Furthermore, Canada would not have lost part of its brainpower in the aerospace industry. From the moment of the cancellation on February 20th, 1959 Canada lost its opportunity to establish itself as a technological leader and may not get another chance.
Introduction Organizations are increasingly considering leasing or temporary employees because of the appeal of reduced administrative cost and access to lower costs. In reality, these employees come in, do their job, and then leave it up to the full timers to handle the details. The dispute occurs that this situation will only lead to a decrease in employee morale. Definition temporary worker A ...
Walter J. Boyne “Air Warfare” An International Encyclopedia Volume A-L. 2002.
White, Ron “History by the Minute: Avro Arrow”
http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10220 June 2003
Schmidt, Kyle “Homage to the Avro Arrow”
http://www.avro-arrow.org/ May 1995
Saskatchewan Council Members “The Avro Arrow”
http://scaa.usask.ca/gallery/arrow/ August 2006
Woodman, Jack “Arrow Digital Archives”
http://www.avroarrow.org/ February 2001
Bolotta, Angelo., et al. CANADA Face of a Nation. Toronto: Gage Educational Publishing Company 2000
Beltempto, Andre “Looking Back on the Avro Arrow”
http://iwarrior.uwaterloo.ca/?module=displaystory&story_id=1298&format=html March 2004
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Water Providers Play Key Role in Promoting Human Health
The American Water Works Association (AWWA) is reminding the American people of the importance of drinking water to their health. AWWA made its recommendations as part of the ongoing national discussion of drinking water issues being held as part of the National Drinking Water Week celebration.
"The human body relies upon water to live," said Jack Hoffbuhr, Executive Director of AWWA. "Americans have one of the safest supplies of drinking water found anywhere in the world, and they owe it to themselves and their health to take advantage of it."
The human body is composed of 60 percent water and the human brain is approximately 75 percent water. Water plays numerous important roles in the human body's daily regiment. It aids the transport of nutrients to cells, expedites the body's removal of waste products, keeps joints lubricated and improves kidney function. Any time the body's hydration level is too low, all of these functions run less efficiently, and prolonged dehydration can lead the body to stop running altogether. Health professionals agree that a drop in just 15 to 20 percent of the water in the body can result in death.
AWWA, along with health professionals, recommend adults drink eight glasses of water a day, and suggest adults increase their water consumption during times when the body loses moisture through perspiration due to fever, exercise or stress. An adult weighing 150 pounds should increase their water consumption from eight glasses to nine glasses after light activity, 10 after moderate activity and 12 after strenuous activity.
"Humans have to drink clean water to live, and the hard work of community water suppliers guarantees they have access to it," Hoffbuhr said. "Drinking water professionals have long understood the importance of providing safe drinking water and remain committed ensuring we all have ready access to some of the cleanest and safest water in the world."
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The annual damage from European windstorms can range significantly: from years when there are clusters of severely damaging storms to other years with almost no windstorm loss. How much of this volatility can we predict, and how much remains a roll of the dice? And more specifically, what storm activity can we expect over the next few months?
Our understanding of the drivers of annual storminess has increased greatly in recent years, allowing us to provide more forecasting insight than ever before. However, there is a cautionary tale for the industry, one that shows the limitations of even the most sophisticated seasonal forecasts.
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is a pattern of long-duration variability in sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic. It is known to influence the climate over much of the northern hemisphere including the level of storminess in Europe1. As north-south gradients of heat in the Atlantic act to fuel extra-tropical storms2 these longer term changes in sea surface temperature tend to alter the odds of extreme storm occurrence over timescales of 60-80 years. Today, the ongoing positive (warm) phase of the AMO favors lower than average storminess this winter.
That’s the multi-decadal perspective. But it will come as no surprise for Europeans to hear that as well as these longer phases of relative activity and inactivity, the continent also experiences variability of storminess from year to year. We know that the jet stream is a main ingredient of storms, and that in turn these storms strengthen the jet itself, in a positive feedback loop that leads to the term “eddy-driven jet.” This “storms-beget-storms” mechanism typically plays out over a few weeks, and more severe storms are likelier to occur during these periods. The positive feedback between jet and storms amplifies swings in annual damage, and explains a substantial amount of the storm clustering found in longer range historical weather records4. This coupling between storms and jet is reflected in the version 16.0 of the RMS Europe Windstorm Clustering Model.
Researchers have identified various drivers of seasonal storminess in the North Atlantic which, for the coming winter, are ambiguous. For instance: we are three years after the peak of a prolonged but subdued solar cycle and this timing suggests less forcing of storminess. But in contrast the predictions are for neutral to weak La Niña phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) which points to a chance of increased forcing of North Atlantic storminess. Whilst, to complicate things further, the anticipated values of tropical stratosphere winds, linked to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), are related to less storminess in the mid-latitude Atlantic – with the caveat that they are in an unusually disrupted pattern.
So is it possible to get off the meteorological fence and make a call? Yes: overall, the multi-decadal and seasonal drivers indicate slightly below average storminess.
Severe Events Can Occur During Any Season
But this does not mean that we as an industry should be entirely relaxed about the new storm season, as the outlook for annual storm damage is blurred by the vagaries of local weather. This is exemplified by storm Kyrill in January 2007.
Then, ahead of the 2006/07 winter, the seasonal and multi-decadal drivers indicated below average storminess, just as they do today. But Kyrill occurred and turned an otherwise innocuous season into a bad one for many. The gusts and damage during this storm were much more extreme than its general circulation, because convection cells embedded in the cold front contributed to extreme damage intensity in some areas5. Storm Kyrill showed how processes on small space and time scales can dominate annual storm damage. These drivers have seriously short predictability windows of just a few hours.
More generally, some of the past variations in annual storminess have no known driver. We are not quite sure how much, but a reasonable ball-park figure is one half. This random part is found in climate models, where the tiniest possible changes at the start of a forecast often grow into large changes in seasonal average storminess.
Although our understanding of the drivers of storminess has greatly increased over the past few years and the odds do favor less storm damage this winter, we should not be complacent. As its tenth anniversary approaches, Storm Kyrill reminds us that major losses can happen in any season, regardless of the forecast.
Web links to references above
1Peings and Magnusdottir (2014) [ http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034018/pdf ]
2Shaffrey and Sutton (2006) [ http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI3652.1 ]
3NOAA ESRL AMO data [http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/timeseries/AMO/ ]
4Cusack (2016) [ http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/16/901/2016/nhess-16-901-2016.pdf ]
5Fink et al. (2009) [ http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/32783/1/nhess-9-405-2009.pdf ]
This post was co-authored by Peter Holland and Stephen Cusack.
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How did the narwhal get its tusk?
Alexander Angnaluak from Kugluktuk, Nunavut drew his colourful interpretation and it struck gold at this year's national Indigenous Arts and Stories contest organized by Historica Canada.
The 24-year-old took first place in the senior category for his piece "How the Narwhal Came to Be" from more than 500 submissions this year.
He used pen and pencil on watercolour paper to create a visual of a traditional Inuit story of the whale with the distinct tusk.
Angnaluak said he's unsure when or where he heard the old tale, but he recalled it as a two part story.
"First part of the story is about the blind boy... He loses his vision because of his mother. She blinds him one night," Angnaluak said.
The boy eventually regained his sight with the help of a loon. Then, in an act of vengeance, he tied his mother's hair onto a harpoon and threw it into a beluga whale.
The beluga drags his mother into the sea.
"[Her hair] twisted so tightly that it became a narwhal tusk," Angnaluak said. "That's why the narwhal tusk is a spiral and she herself turned into a narwhal."
'Ecstatic' and 'honoured'
Angnaluak said he was "ecstatic" when he found out he won first place.
"I was at work and I threw up my arms and I was trying to contain my excitement," he said.
Angnaluak said he feels "honoured" to be recognized for his artistic abilities, especially since he recently started to be more serious about art. He plans on taking a fine arts course at Ottawa's Algonquin College.
Angnaluak will be honoured in Ottawa at the Governor General's History Awards in October.
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|Tent Exhibits||Credits & Thanks||Sponsors|
Kevin Hollis, Graduate student, Department of Plant Biology, email@example.com.
Stephen Long, Robert Emerson Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, 217-333-2487, firstname.lastname@example.org
Ozone gas forms a protective barrier from the sun’s ultraviolet rays in the stratosphere about 15 miles above the earth. In recent years, the depletion of this ozone has been making news. This decline increases the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the earth and may increase the incidence of skin cancer and cause other problems. At the same time, the ozone just above the surface of the earth is increasing. This ozone is a secondary pollutant. Nitrogen oxides and volatile hydrocarbons are products of burning fuels. With the aid of sunlight, these compounds combine to produce ozone. Because sunlight is critical, ozone pollution is principally a daytime problem in the summer. Because ozone is a secondary pollutant, concentrations can be high in rural areas far removed from the original sources of pollution. In the northern hemisphere, ozone levels in industrial countries are rising at a rate of 1 to 2 % a year and this trend is predicted to continue. Data collected at the University of North Carolina indicate that soybean is more sensitive to ozone than corn. Soybean yield reductions could be expected when ozone concentrations exceed 40 parts per billion (ppb). In our research plots, the ambient ozone concentration between 10 am and 4 pm averaged 62 ppb in 2002 and 50 ppb in 2003. These levels are almost certainly causing some yield reduction.
At the SoyFACE (Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) facility at the University of Illinois, we can increase the level of ozone gas surrounding field grown soybeans. A ring of pipes 70 feet in diameter releases ozone into the wind as it blows across the plots. A computer continuously measures wind speed and direction, and the ozone concentration within the ring to determine which pipes release ozone and the amount to be released. Approximately a pound of ozone is released into each ring each day to increase the treatment to a level approximately 20% higher than the ambient. Our preliminary data show that this increase can cause significant yield reductions. The most sensitive varieties yielded over 30% less under the elevated ozone concentration compared to ambient conditions. The average yield reduction of the 22 varieties tested was 19%. A few varieties were quite tolerant of the elevated ozone with yield reductions of approximately 5%. We tested varieties that were grown in Illinois more than 50 years ago as well as current varieties. Ozone sensitive and tolerant varieties were found within both groups. There are genetic differences among our current varieties for ozone tolerance but ozone levels are not sufficiently consistent for soybean breeders to select for ozone tolerance under natural conditions. It is very likely that even more tolerant lines exist within the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection at the University of Illinois. The capacity of SoyFACE permits us to currently evaluate only 22 varieties per year. We are working to develop procedures that will allow us to more extensively evaluate ozone tolerance. This is important to identify those varieties that are most likely yielding at less than full potential under current conditions and to identify more highly tolerant germplasm for developing future varieties.
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(December 19, 2012) A central government plan to dramatically increase China’s reliance on non-fossil fuels will derive two-thirds of that target from hydropower – “an increase on par with adding nearly one Three Gorges Dam a year,” reports Jane Qiu for Science magazine. In her article on over-development of the country’s river pulse, the once mighty Yangtze, Qiu looks at the threat China’s damming fever poses to river habitats and species, the calamity potential of dam construction in quake-prone regions and mounting criticism of China’s biased environmental impact assessment process.
“Trouble on the Yangtze,” by Jane Qiu for Science magazine
Reviewed by Probe International
A 770-kilometer-long stretch of the lower Jinsha River, the westernmost of the major headwater streams of the Yangtze River in China’s southwest, will soon be transformed by a cascade of four, massive dams with a total capacity of 43,000 MW, as part of a central government plan to ramp up the country’s non-fossil fuel energy supply by 2020.
“It’s worrying to see so many proposed large dams, one immediately after another,” Zhang Xiaodong, deputy director of the China Earthquake Networks Center in Beijing, told science writer Jane Qiu for her report on over-development of the Yangtze River.
The causes for concern are significant.
Critical habitat and endemic fish are threatened by dam construction—the rare Chinese river dolphin, unique to the Yangtze River for 20 million years, was declared functionally extinct in 2007 due to habitat degradation.
In addition, Qiu notes, dams are multiplying across a geologically complex region “crisscrossed with active faults hundreds of kilometers long.” This is increasingly ominous news as recent analysis by Chinese scientists indicates a strong link between the devastating May 12, 2008 earthquake in southwestern Wenchuan, Sichuan and the nearby Zipingpu Dam.
While “most scientists agree that the Wenchuan hypocenter, or depth of the initial rupture, is directly beneath the reservoir” of the Zipingpu Dam, “just how deep it lies is in dispute,” reports Qiu. Calculations that place the hypocenter at 14 and 19 kilometers beneath the surface suggest water from the reservoir could not have reached the fault at such depths. Others contest that this calculation is based on data from monitoring stations too far from the epicenter, and claim that data from stations closer in range reveal a depth “as shallow as 6 to 9 kilometers—within easy reach of water from the reservoir.”
Geophysicist Liu Qiyuan, of the China Earthquake Administration (CEA’s) Institute of Geology in Beijing, concedes the higher calculation of 14-19 km he arrived at, along with the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC), does not rule out the possibility the dam reservoir hastened the Wenchuan quake: “Small incremental stress changes due to the reservoir could rupture critically stressed faults even without water reaching them,” he told Qiu.
Other studies, meanwhile, suggest reservoir weight and water infiltration can accelerate a seismic event by tens to hundreds of years. Numerical modeling studies that look at stress changes caused by the reservoir have concluded the Zipingpu reservoir “significantly impacted” the Beichuan-Yinxiu fault running along the reservoir and increased the stress on the hypocenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake, reports Qiu. “That could hasten the occurrence of the earthquake by tens to hundreds of years,” contends Xinglin Lei, a geophysicist at the Geological Survey of Japan in Tsukuba, and the author of one such study that reached this conclusion.
This conclusion is also shared by Shemin Ge, a hydrogeologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and her colleagues. Speaking to Qiu, Ge said, “We need to assess whether the proposed reservoirs could significantly speed up the accumulation of stress and cause rock failures.“
Fan Xiao, a geologist and chief engineer of the Regional Geological Survey Team of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau came to the same conclusion in a study release last week by Probe International. The study based on nearly 60 other studies of the Wenchuan earthquake, backs earlier arguments that the disaster resulted from the mass loading and increased pore pressure caused by the Zipingpu dam reservoir after filling. Mr. Fan also suggests that reservoirs can not only accelerate an inevitable seismic event but can also trigger unanticipated tectonic activity. For that reason, he says, plans to build dozens of large dams with accompanying large reservoirs in vulnerable regions should be urgently reconsidered.
Other stressors to geological stability, says Qiu, include heavy rain, particularly during monsoon season, which can trigger landslides. According to Yang Yong, the director of environmental group the Hengduanshan Society in Chengdu, massive landslides have blocked the Jinsha River for days at a time in the past.
Dam fever in western China also promises increased confusion as dam numbers swell and operations between dams conflict. Guo Qiaoyu, director of The Nature Conservancy’s Yangtze River project, says “it will be extremely difficult to ensure proper coordination between provinces and companies that operate the dams,” writes Qiu.
Qiu also notes that China’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) process has come under fire for the ways in which EIAs can be easily manipulated by developers, with government help, to push through controversial hydropower projects. According to Wang Mingna, a hydrologist at the Chinese Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research in Beijing, “the EIA is just about friends evaluating each other’s projects.”
Manipulation of EIAs is nothing new, says Patricia Adams of Probe International. For decades, governments have mandated EIAs that underestimate costs and over estimate benefits and rob citizens of the legal power to intervene. “EIAs are exercises in deception and should never be relied upon to stop ruinous projects,” she says. “Only when citizens are empowered with laws and a judicial system to protect their environmental rights, will China’s mega-dam building end.”
“Trouble on the Yangtze” by Jane Qiu is available here at Science magazine, by subscription only.
1: Geologist John Jackson, author of “Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China,” says positioning dams in a cascade flow, one after another in close proximity, can create a potentially devastating domino effect if one dam fails. The lack of terrain between dams means energy cannot dissipate in the event of catastrophic dam failure. [See Chinese dams will damn the country].
Earlier this year, Probe International published “Earthquake Hazards and Large Dams in Western China,” a report by geologist John Jackson, whose detailed knowledge of western China and four decades worth of experience studying earthquakes and seismic faults gave rise to a project to cross-reference 130 dam sites in the region (either built, under construction or proposed for construction) with maps of seismic hazard. Jackson found that of those 130 sites, 98.6 percent of dams constructed in western China are located in high to moderate seismic hazard zones.
Press Release: 80,000 deaths from 2008 Chinese earthquake was likely not an act of God, says new study
Fan Xiao’s new study published by Probe International reveals a dangerous relationship between dam reservoirs and seismic activity.
Chinese study reveals Three Gorges Dam triggered 3,000 earthquakes, numerous landslides
A study by seismologists at the China Seismological Bureau indicates that the massive Three Gorges dam on the Yangtze River caused a “significant” increase in seismic activity along the dam’s reservoir.
As the fierce struggle between China’s hydropower industry and environmental conservationists rages anew, what has become clear in the meanwhile: the country’s rivers cannot sustain the current pace of development.
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Since 2006, I have been writing about the benefits of wearing gloves. Now, there is more justification than ever for my admonitions and recommendations on the topic. Currently plaguing Americans and the rest of the world are norovirus and MRSA; the deadly ebola virus is rampant in Africa, and other antibiotic-resistant diseases are proliferating. Most of these viruses are spread by surface-contact. Wearing gloves while out in public, especially while shopping, and disinfecting them when you get home can save your life. And hospital-acquired diseases are now common, so do your best to avoid hospitals and other heath-clinics.
Hospital-acquired infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites; they are spread by touching contaminated surfaces, clothing and implements, or skin-contact with infected people. Viruses may be contracted from surgical procedures, catheters, or by inhaling airborne pathogens.
Common hospital infections are MRSA and C Difficile. These micro-organisms may already exist dormant in the patient’s body or be contracted from the air, contaminated surfaces and hospital equipment, healthcare workers or other patients. Hospitals must employ pre-screening for MRSA or C-Difficile prior to surgery.
These infections and viruses are often resistant to antibiotics, and the lack of effective therapies may necessitate amputation of fingers or limbs. If you find yourself having to be in the hospital as a patient or visitor, wear disposable gloves before touching any surface, tool, item of clothing or person.
Relying on antibacterial gels and liquids is no longer adequate for self-protection against dangerous germs. Wearing gloves can not only enhance your elegance, but you will be more confident about your safety and survival.
M-J’s 15-year-Old Classic Sweater by Red and Blue of Milan, Bought at an Italian Tailor Shop: Sir Roger Moore Wore the “Same” Sweater Several Times in His 1970s Series, “The Persuaders”, with Tony Curtis
This elegant, double-breasted classic sweater by Red and Blue of Milan looks superb on all sides! It has brass buttons on its cuffs and front. The sweater is versatile charcoal grey and rib-knitted, just like Sir Roger’s. It even has double vents in the back.
Above: a proper evening gown, full-length and low-cut at the bodice; this dress is more appropriate for an evening with dinner and dancing than for cocktail parties. (See below.)
Below: “Your Editor”, Painter M-J de Mesterton wears a lacy, cotton-lined dress that can be worn at afternoon tea, or at cocktails/drinks parties year-round. Also, it is suitable for less formal dinners and nightclubs. Long sleeves that leave space for bracelets make this knee-length gown very elegant, and the round neckline accommodates big pearls. Amazon.com has similar dresses for as little as 39.00. Blue suede shoes with comfortable three-inch wedge-heels are by Clarks.
Above: M-J de Mesterton in a Tibbett Duffel Coat of Elysian Wool, Insulated Aigle Boots from France; a Mongolian Cashmere Scarf by Johnstons of Elgin, Scotland; a White Fox Hat Made in Helsinki; a Plaid Tweed Skirt, Black Leather Cashmere-Lined Gloves from Italy, and a Walking Stick Made of Scotch Broom
Wear warm clothes when it’s cold outside and inside. The days of women showing their bare arms year-round just because an occupant of the White House does it to show off her biceps are coming to a close in about three weeks. The current president has, since 2009, kept the oval office at a balmy 85° year-round, as though he were in Hawai’i, while instructing the citizenry to “tighten your belts”. The rest of us, if we have heat at all, keep our places at 68° or even cooler, thanks to the punitive cost of fuel.
Above: on Christmas Day, I’m wearing a turtleneck under a round-necked dress, nylon stockings, a silk & cashmere pashmina, and faux-fur-lined tall leather boots. Most winter days, I’d be wearing tweed and sweaters.
Rugged, traditional, and elegant tweed made from Scottish wool is the best material for fall and winter dressing. Easily covered with a trench-coat or embellished with a pashmina or long wool scarves, tweed will keep you warm and dry. Tweed suits, skirts, trousers and jackets are always fashionable.
My husband and I found it odd, if not historically-incorrect, to see the inhabitants of Downton Abbey wearing sleeveless flapper dresses all over the huge, inevitably cold and difficult-to-heat house, at all hours, without wraps or sweaters. Those dresses were made to be worn at nightclubs while dancing the Charleston, where hyper-activity and body-heat of the crowd made it possible to stay warm while baring arms.
Dining at Downton: thanks to cocktails, aperitifs and wines, scantily-clad ladies there could abide the evening without shivering. Or maybe not; Ralph Lauren designed wardrobes for the series, and may have just assumed that women dressed like flappers in most situations because it was the Roaring Twenties. I doubt that 1920s women were so silly, but there have always been nonsensical followers of fashion, like the ones who are now wearing peep-toed shoes without stockings all winter long in cold climates. My grandmother, who was born in the Victorian Age, told me that to be beautiful, one must suffer–I know that freezing’s not what she meant. Even body-heat from large groups at table does not take the chill off England’s grand country houses for most months of the year; shoulders are usually covered with something at dinner, such as a little fur garment or shawl that could be removed later in the evening for dancing. And no self-respecting woman would be standing about the house during winter in just a sleeveless gown.
Speaking of winter dressing and silly followers of fashion, here is a post that I made here at Elegant Survival News in December, 2011:
Why is the anchorwoman wearing a sleeveless summer dress in cold NYC on December 6th? Are biceps something that female talking heads suddenly find a crying need to bare, even in freezing temperatures? Are they using too much energy, in an effort to keep tropically warm indoors? Is it seasonally appropriate to wear bare-toed shoes on wintry days, as the woman in red is doing, or sandals (the first lady wore sandals at a Kennedy Center gala last weekend) in December? I don’t think so. These women are on a national television show, displaying their irresponsible, energy-inefficient lifestyles before the public, as if to say that a size XXX carbon-footprint is desirable. The rest of us are wearing wool and tweed, living in homes with little-or-no heat most of the time.
In an Alpine Climate, January: Dressing in Furry Boots, a Scottish Hand-Made Fair Isle Sweater, and an Austrian Wool Skirt
Remember normal-sized clothing for women, before the fashion industry started distorting sizing in order to flatter the anorexia cult? Standard sizing no longer exists, as a dress with a 36-inch bust is now labelled as anything between size 4 and size 14, depending upon whom the maker is targeting. And yesterday’s size 12 is now disrespected by some by being labelled “plus” for the purpose of charging more for it. Some of the styles offered by Bergdorf Goodman in 1948 started at size 12, and went up to size 20. Originally, “plus sizes” were anything above size twenty. In 1948, this black silk dress was offered at Bergdorf Goodman in sizes 10–20. If a woman wanted something smaller, she had to shop in the children’s section. Click Here to Read M-J’s Latest Elegant Survivalist Posts
Clarks offers elegant shoes for ladies with good taste, in comfortable, classic styles. After years of women’s shoes with closed toes being all but extinct elsewhere on the shoe-shopping landscape, Clarks Indigo and Diamond lines persist in showing more style than skin.
(Natural News) Two decades ago, I was on the path to a lifetime of type-2 diabetes. Living on processed foods and lacking exercise, I suffered from hypoglycemia, high cholesterol and numerous other health problems. Like millions of people have now achieved, however, I turned my health around with simple but powerful changes in food, nutrition... Read More […]
(Natural News) Big Ag has found a way to make genetically modified seeds permanent, by quietly writing in “preemptive seed laws” at the state level. In twenty-nine states, men and women at the local level will no longer be able to discuss, debate, or propose laws on the use of genetically modified seeds. The people... Read More […]
(Natural News) Uganda is in the middle of a health care crisis as the deadly Marburg virus has once again hit the African nation. Health chiefs have announced that the virus, which is clinically similar to the Ebola virus, has been detected in five cases. The reports note that an emergency Marburg virus screening is being carried... Read More […]
(Natural News) The average person living in the modern world today is bombarded with so much information on a daily basis, much of it conflicting, that he or she is likely to oscillate within a constant state of cognitive dissonance. Making sense of what’s true and what’s “fake” has basically become a full-time job, and... Read More […]
(Natural News) The wildfires that recently hit the famous Wine Country area of Northern California will go down in history as the most damaging wildfire event in the state. The fire that killed 42 people and destroyed 8,000 structures was attributed by many to environmental factors like strong winds, high temperatures, and abundant vegetation, but... Read Mo […]
(Natural News) When you see someone smiling or laughing, the tendency is that you would smile or laugh yourself. Happiness is as simple as that. How do you cope with stress? How do you unwind? The next time you take a break away from your daily toil, go outside and smell the flowers. At the... Read More […]
(Natural News) Deck the halls with boughs of…food! No, wait, holly. All kidding aside, it’s already November, which means that you’re probably preparing for several feasts before the end of the year. This does not give you an excuse though to gain unwanted pounds. Here are eight expert-recommended tips and tricks to avoid the holiday... Read More […]
(Natural News) Scientists at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland found that extreme inflammation – which can be caused in middle age by weight gain and high blood pressure or diabetes – could be a sign of impending Alzheimer’s disease. When the scientists observed 1,633 people between the ages of 45 and 65 who... Read More […]
(Natural News) There’s no question about it, smoking is bad for your health (and our environment). More than six trillion cigarettes are smoked each day, creating 800 metric tons of cigarette butt waste. These environmental eyesores are costing us our planet, and are making its way into waterways and bodies of water, poisoning humans and... Read More […]
(Natural News) Let’s get this out of the way: Bedbugs are disgusting. But while they don’t transmit diseases, these parasitic insects can cause severe anemia. Aside from causing annoying and itchy bites on your skin, people who have a bedbug infestation might suffer from emotional distress and sleep deprivation. Within the last couple of years,... Read More […]
The Democrat Party: A Culture of Creeps The abusive nature of the Democrat Party starts at the top and runs deep. Sexual abuse does not stop with Bill Clinton or Al Frankin or Creepy Joe Biden. Barack Obama’s chief speechwriter was photographed groping Hillary Clinton’s likeness in 2008. This picture of Jon Favreau was snapped […] The post Flashback: Remembe […]
A worker for an “immigrants rights” organization has been arrested on charges of “Production of Child Pornography”, 18 USC 2251, in Portland, Oregon. Juan “Carlos” Ramon allegedly used a video based social network app to get minors to send him videos of themselves performing sexual acts. These aren’t 16 or 17 year olds. The initial […] The post Immigrant Act […]
Christmas is back at the White House! No more mass murderer Mao Tse-Tung tree ornaments. The Christmas tree will go up on Monday. First Lady Melania Trump announced the exciting news on Friday. This year’s @WhiteHouse Christmas booklet is in printing! Excited to receive the beautiful tree Monday! #ChristmasTraditions pic.twitter.com/x1bbnXch0z — Melania Trum […]
As previously reported, Crooked Attorney Gloria Allred Hasn’t Even Asked Her Client if She Saw Roy Moore Sign Her Yearbook! There are many red flags with the yearbook Gloria Allred and her client Beverly Young Nelson brought forward as ‘proof’ Roy Moore interacted with Nelson in her place of work. On Monday Gloria Allred and […] The post Judge Moore BLASTS G […]
Friday afternoon, 50 with a light breeze and D.C. has found a rut to fall into in the form of the White House daily briefings the home team is still consistently winning. Early in the first quarter of the briefing, April Ryan of American Urban Radio tried to goad press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders with […] The post Briefing Room Game Play: Friday, Novemb […]
The talks under the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) were "constructive and forward-looking", the Indian embassy said in a statement. The negotiations come ahead of Chinese foreign minister's planned visit to India for the Russia, India and China foreign ministers' meeting.
CBFC is allowed 68 days from the date of receiving an application to grant a certificate. It first reviews the application, then allots a date to review the film’s content, and then suggests changes, or grants a certificate in one of the four categories. Alternatively, CBFC may also refuse certification to a film.
Janjua said that Pakistan wants peace in Afghanistan but the same is under stress due to involvement of India which wants to create a "two front situation" for Pakistan. He meant that Pakistan was being stretched to fight militants on the western front with Afghanistan and face Indian army on the eastern border.
The government is set to pursue an unique and ambitious "1 billion-1 billion-1 billion" connectivity vision. This means one billion unique Aadhaar numbers, linked to one billion bank accounts and one billion mobiles.
Concerned that the missile defense system designed to protect US cities is insufficient by itself to deter a North Korean attack, the Trump administration is expanding its strategy to also try to stop Pyongyang’s missiles before they get far from Korean airspace.
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The hundreds of Southern California public beach fire pits have become an evening gatherings place for families, friends and tourists for more than 60 years. Earlier this year the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and California Coastal Commission tried to remove public beach fire pits from local communities due to air quality impacts.
California governments already regulate dogs, playing horseshoes, smoking, playing ball, Frisbees, alcohol and surfing at California beaches. Last week, California regulators moved to restrict beach fire pits — beach city-provided concrete rings designed to contain wood bonfires. The impacted California beach cities are: Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, Dana Point, San Pedro and San Diego.
The SCAQMD contends that the potential health effects from fire pit air pollution are significant and measurable, and that harmful levels of such fine particulate pollution were detected in the air outside beachfront homes.
New SCAQMD regulations establish buffer zones (“setbacks”) and other spacing requirements to protect beachfront homes from the fine particle pollution arising from the region’s 765 beach fire rings. Such regulations will allow most fire rings to stay but will require removal or relocation of hundreds of fire rings.
Specifically, the regulations require beach fire rings to be at least 700 feet from homes, or closer if the rings are spaced at least 100 feet apart. The regulations also allow cities to ban all beach fires within their limits if they declare the fires a nuisance.
Subscribe free to this Column by clicking the blue-highlighted +Subscribe line below author's title.
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The ZooMobile outreach program visits schools, daycares, senior centers, libraries, community fairs, and numerous other locations in Fargo, Moorhead, and the surrounding communities. With the use of biofacts(animal artifacts) and/or a maximum of two small animals, our educator provides a fun and interesting presentation about animal information and conservation issues.
Most programs can be adapted for any age or grade level. Each program is approximately 30 minutes long. The cost of the program is based on the size of the group and distance from the Zoo.
Are you interested in a fun, informative way to meet and learn about some of our outreach animals? Then this is the program for you! Get up close and personal with our furry, scaly, and feathered friends.
How can some birds fly, reptiles control their body temperature, and mammals have teeth that are perfect to chew the food they eat? Find out how different species have evolved adaptations to help them survive in their environment.
A shelter is only one of the items an animal needs to survive. Learn about how animals live in their environments and what they need to be happy and healthy in the wild.
Discover who stays awake when the sun goes down, who snoozes in the afternoon, and who sleeps when the stars shine.
Did you know some animals are vegetarians? Within a food chain there are all kinds of animals: carnivores, omnivores, herbivores, and more! We'll talk about how animals linked in the complicated circle of life.
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A team of researchers at MIT has now engineered a way to detect abnormal microRNA levels in the blood of cancer patients, raising the possibility of developing a simple blood test to diagnose or monitor the disease.
The technology, described in two recent papers in the journals Analytical Chemistry and Angewandte Chemie, consists of an array of tiny particles, each designed to latch onto a specific type of microRNA. By exposing blood samples or purified RNA to these particles, the researchers can generate a microRNA profile that reveals whether cancer is present. Each type of cancer — lung, pancreas, and so forth — has its own microRNA signature.
MicroRNAs, which are usually only about 20 nucleotides long, have been implicated in many other diseases, including HIV, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The human genome contains about 1,000 microRNAs, believed to fine-tune gene expression by blocking the messenger-RNA molecules that carry DNA’s protein-building instructions.
While measuring microRNA levels has clear potential benefits, there are many challenges to detecting microRNA, says Patrick Doyle, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT and leader of the research team. “There’s not an accepted gold standard,” Doyle says. “Everybody has their own favorite one.”
Fishing for microRNA
Most current microRNA-detection techniques require RNA to be isolated from a blood or tissue sample and purified — a time-consuming process. Detecting microRNA directly from a blood sample would be much more efficient, Doyle says.
In their Angewandte Chemie paper, published in January, Doyle, graduate student Stephen Chapin and their colleagues showed that they could use tiny hydrogel particles, about 200 micrometers in length, to rapidly detect microRNA dysregulation patterns in RNA taken from four individuals with four different types of cancer. In their Analytical Chemistry paper, which went online this month, their particles successfully detected microRNA in the blood serum of a prostate cancer patient.
Hydrogels are made of networks of water-loving polymer chains, which are conducive to the attachment of nucleic acids. Each of the researchers’ particles is decorated with millions of identical strands of DNA that are complementary to a specific microRNA target sequence.
When the particles are mixed with a blood sample, any microRNA present binds to its complementary DNA. Each DNA strand also contains a short sequence that binds to a fluorescent probe, added later. Using a custom-built microfluidic scanner, the researchers then rapidly measure each particle’s fluorescence, revealing how much microRNA is present. The scanner also reads a chemical “barcode” imprinted on each particle, which reveals the type of microRNA being detected. The entire process takes less than three hours.
In their second paper, the researchers bumped up their particles’ sensitivity by amplifying the fluorescence generated by each particle. They achieved this by attaching multiple DNA label sequences to each microRNA target captured on the gel microparticles. These label sequences could then be attached to fluorescent probes.
This approach is 100 times more sensitive than other particle technologies for detecting microRNA, according to Doyle. The technology can detect as few as 10,000 copies of a particular microRNA, and each serum assay requires only 25 microliters of sample.
Jun Lu, an assistant professor of genetics at the Yale School of Medicine, says that level of sensitivity makes the particle system “a very promising technology.”
“The reported sensitivity can detect low levels of microRNAs present in serum, and likely other body fluids. This can make the technology very useful, considering that serum and several other body fluids require minimal invasive operations on patients,” says Lu, who was not involved in this research.
The new MIT approach also gives more accurate results than existing techniques that directly label microRNA strands with a fluorescent probe. Different microRNA sequences can take on different shapes, which affects how easily they bind to the fluorescent probe.
Doyle is now starting to work with medical researchers to investigate using microRNA detection to study other diseases such as cardiovascular disease and HIV. He and one of his former graduate students, Daniel Pregibon, have started a company, Firefly Bioworks, which has licensed the technology to build and scan the particles, with plans to develop the system for commercial use.
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So many disorders hinge upon a person's maladaptive strategies for handling unpleasant emotions. Now a recent college undergraduate experiment points to emotional stress as a driver behind the development of eating disorders. A significant body of research currently exists to show how eating disorders are linked to perfectionistic attitudes toward weight and body size. But the drive for physical perfection may be only part of the disease. The Bucknell University experiment was crafted to investigate how emotions may also motivate the illness. The Language-based Experiment The experiment was the brain child of Bucknell undergrad Laura Feldman. Feldman is a psychology major who is also pursuing a minor in linguistics. Together with an assistant linguistics professor, Feldman used her interest in language to design a language-based experiment which would expose how each subject's emotional state determined his\/her responsiveness to food. The experiment was based upon the hypothesis that stressed subjects with eating disorders would respond differently to words one might associate with disordered eating than subjects who were not experiencing stress. Word Recognition as a Measuring Stick For Stress The subjects were exposed to words like 'starve', 'pizza', and 'restaurant' while their ability to register and associate those words was timed. Subjects who had eating disorders and were under stress showed a slower reaction time when compared to non-stressed study participants. Feldman says that this suggests that people with eating disorders who feel stressed, manage that stress by blocking out thoughts of food. It seems clear that attempting to manage stress by managing food-related thoughts could be a motivating factor in developing an eating disorder. Food As a Way to Resist Stress When a person subverts thoughts about food in an effort to cope with stress, it is not a far jump to suggest that they may avoid eating for the same reason. Severely restricting calories and intense dieting may be the person's means of dealing with stress. If so, then Feldman's experiment demonstrates how eating disorders are performing emotional roles for sufferers rather than acting a means to achieve only physical goals. If proven to be the case, the experiment could impact how eating disorder treatments are implemented. The Potential Impact of Treatment on Eating Disorders If eating disorders are a means of coping with emotional stress, then treatments which emphasize new, healthier coping mechanisms should be effective. Therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy which center on changing thoughts and beliefs in order to benefit behavior could be more effective than past strategies. The experiment and its results are slated to be presented at an undergraduate research convention at Bucknell University next Spring.
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*The following is excerpted from an online article posted on PsychCentral.
Among young adults the use of social media is ubiquitous. However, posts from this population segment often include content that contains sexual or offensive material.
Researchers from the University of Plymouth investigated this behavior and discovered risky social media posts are not just due to impulsivity, but might be a deliberate strategy to fit in with the wider social media culture that makes people believe ‘it’s the right thing to do’.
Although current literature suggests impulsiveness is predictive of online risk-taking behaviors, the new study finds that additional factors may be at play.
Dr. Claire White explains that high self-monitoring — or adapting behavior in line with perceived social norms — was equally predictive of posting risky content.
White explains that this could mean that young people think it’s the best way to behave.
In the study, study of young adults from Britain and Italy, the researchers designed a risk exposure scale relating to potentially inappropriate images or texts, such as drug and alcohol use, sexual content, personal information, and offensive material.
They also evaluated people’s level of self-monitoring and impulsivity.
White said the findings are interesting and even counterintuitive as “it would be easy to assume that a high self-monitor would question their actions and adapt accordingly.”
“But the results show that high self-monitors are just as likely to post risky content as those in the study who are more impulsive, which suggests they think it’s not only OK to be risky — and potentially offensive — but that it’s actually the right thing to do.
“The only notable difference between the nationalities was that British students were more likely to post comments and images related to their alcohol and drug use on social media, whereas their Italian counterparts were more likely to post offensive content and personal information.
“This difference shows that culture as a whole seems to play a part in what type of content is shared.
“But the fact that the behaviors predicting risky online choices are the same for both nationalities suggests there’s a wider social media culture that encourages this type of risk-taking behavior.”
The study appeared in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.
Source: Home Word
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Creating a Wikipedia page is considered as a significant part that can influence business and individual. This is a reason that most of the brands are interested in creating the bets Wikipedia presence for their business. Having a fine presence on Wikipedia platform helps a business to grow in the competitive market and present itself as a distinct image that stands out the brand stand. Many businesses around the world use this platform in order to create a mark in the world. Similarly, educational institutions are a focus on creating their profiles on Wikipedia. This provides them recognition around the globe. Moreover, a strong content about the educational institution on Wikipedia makes it trusted to be in the list of best learning places present around the world. This also opens numerous positive opportunities for businesses. Hence, for creating an effective page of your educational institution on Wikipedia you have to follow the following steps.
Step 1: Make a personal profile
It is important for the Wikipedia page creator to make a personal profile before starting the article writing. All the information in the profile should be of an authoritative person of that institution. The creation of a profile just to make a specific profile of your intuition is important as it makes you authentic for this activity among the Wikipedia moderators.
Step 2: Start the research
Wikipedia only allows for authentic and reliable information. This is the reason that researching takes the foremost place in the process. The creator should focus on proper researching strategies. Research that takes place without a proper plan does not gather the authentic sources that can be helpful for a business to grow. Hence, make sure that your assigned person must spare a good time researching and collecting information that can be added in the article.
Step 3: Create the article content
Wikipedia is extremely strict about their rules and regulations. This is why it is important for the Wikipedia profile creator to read all the rules and regulations of the platform. All these regulations are clearly identified in detail format to make the Wikipedia article. If you do not follow the required format than your article will get rejected by the Wikipedia moderators at once. Hence, just go through the provided rules and regulation and follow them to be accepted by the officials.
Step 4: Review the article in a sandbox
Before you submit your article, it is important to review it and make edits. It is significant because a single mistake will bring back your article. Therefore, review your document critically at this stage. The importance of using sandbox is the advantage of seeing the article in a way that it will be after it gets to publish.
Step 5: Cite your content properly
This step is connected to the fourth one. In the editing phase, you are supposed to citations. It is important for the fact that the Wikipedia editing services is all about presenting reliable content to the world. This is the reason that everyone focuses on adding references that can prove the content to be trusted for the readers. This is a crucial step that you have to consider because if any of your cite goes wrong then your article simply gets rejected.
Step 6: Submit to be reviewed
After you are satisfied with your content and everything that needs to be added in the article according to the rules and regulations provided by the Wikipedia community. Then in this step, you are ready to submit your article to the Wikipedia community and there the moderators are responsible to check your submission with all the required needs to fulfill. If your article satisfies all the requirements of Wikipedia officials than the article published.
Having a presence on Wikipedia will help your educational institution grow. You just have to follow the steps concisely and make sure that all your doings are with perfection. Other than these step to be followed, make sure your survey to gather the maximum information in order to make the effective Wikipedia presence. The content you display is the most significant part because the process step will let you enter the community however the content of your profile will be the reason of gathering more potential audience towards your educational institution profile. In addition, you also have to get tips for writing an effective article. This will help you a lot with the specific writing tone that can help you in influencing your targeted domain.
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Pelagic Red Crabs Return to Lovers Point in Pacific Grove
This article was originally published by the Monterey County Weekly.
MONTEREY, CA—While the number of tourists visiting Lovers Point might be dwindling this time of year, the popular beach has received thousands of unexpected visitors over the past few days: pleuroncodes planipes, more commonly known as the pelagic red crab or tuna crab. These tuna crabs (a favorite of both bluefin and albacore tuna) usually live in the warmer waters off the coast of Baja California, yet in recent years have washed up along the shores of Monterey Bay, particularly Lovers Point and Coral Street Beach, with increasing frequency.
It’s been commonly reported that the tuna crab is an “indicator species,” a harbinger of warm waters brought north by an El Niño event, though this isn’t necessarily the case, according to Elliott Hazen, a research ecologist with NOAA’s Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
“We know that these crabs are associated with warmer water,” Hazen says, stressing that there is no proven causation that tuna crabs making their way this far north is a precursor to an El Niño event—“only that their presence is correlated with generally rising sea temperatures.”
This could be precipitated by any number of factors, from isolated streams of warm water drifting towards shore to rising sea temperatures due to climate change.
The earliest reported instance of these tuna crabs washing ashore in Monterey Bay was in 1958, with a handful of occurrences since then—yet Hazen notes that tuna crabs have washed ashore with a much greater frequency since 2013 and that their frequent presence here is a new phenomenon.
From an ecosystem perspective, the appearance of tuna crabs is not necessarily a bad thing—they provide a trophic boon to the food chain, particularly the aforementioned tuna species—but their presence is certainly a sign of a changing environment.
Scientists are keenly interested in learning more about this phenomenon and welcome any method of gathering additional data. Hazen notes that anyone can become a citizen scientist, using smartphone apps such as iNaturalist to photograph and record sightings of tuna crabs in the area—even if it’s just a few of them.
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John Ioannidis, an epidemiologist at the University of Ioannina School of Medicine in Greece, says that small sample sizes, poor study design, researcher bias, and selective reporting and other problems combine to make most research findings false. But even large, well-designed studies are not always right, meaning that scientists and the public have to be wary of reported findings.
"We should accept that most research findings will be refuted. Some will be replicated and validated. The replication process is more important than the first discovery," Ioannidis says.
In the paper, Ioannidis does not show that any particular findings are false. Instead, he shows statistically how the many obstacles to getting research findings right combine to make most published research wrong.
so folks Smoke'm if you gottem
eat those egg yolks
and for god sakes stop excersising
because without science we would have to rely on common sense to tell us those things were bad.
Surprisingly, Ioannidis says another predictor of false findings is if a field is "hot", with many teams feeling pressure to beat the others to statistically significant findings.
like oooooooooooooh Global Warming or Stem Cell Research or Food X is bad for you
but this -DID- come from a scientific study
But next time some one tells you science X is established fact... take a note from a scientist in this article
"When I read the literature, I'm not reading it to find proof like a textbook. I'm reading to get ideas. So even if something is wrong with the paper, if they have the kernel of a novel idea, that's something to think about," he says.
I need to check out a goat's entrails now to see how the weather is going
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ARM401: Commercial Art (2012-2013)
CURRICULUM PROGRAM: Visual Arts
COURSE TITLE: Commercial Art
CALENDAR YEAR: 2012-2013
GRADE LEVEL: 9-12
COURSE LENGTH: 36 weeks
SUGGESTED PREPARATION: Fundamentals of Art
Major Concepts/Content: The commercial art course is designed to explore the fundamental skills required in the design and production of advertising and promotional art. Emphasis is placed on the creative processes used before producing finished artwork; e.g., sketches, client presentations, and revisions. This class will include instruction in basic drawing and composition skills, and in graphic design techniques, lettering, and layout.
Major Instructional Activities: Instructional activities will provide practice in using various art techniques, materials, tools, and equipment. Students will demonstrate the basic drawing and composition skills related to visual communication, basic graphic design techniques and processes, such as lettering and layout; graphic design skills used in the production of signs or displays; and some of the styles, processes, and techniques of the commercial/graphic artist.
Major Evaluative Techniques: Students will be required to demonstrate knowledge of the proper care and use of tools, materials, and equipment used to create commercial art. Student projects will be evaluated for originality, craftsmanship, effort, time utilization, and quality with consideration given to the individual or students’ talent, experience, and/or limitations. Both written and oral tests will be used to evaluate knowledge of course content.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the commercial art course, students should be able to:
- Create Works of Art
- Demonstrate the basic drawing and composition skills needed for visual communication.
- Demonstrate basic graphic design techniques and processes, e.g., lettering and layout.
- Translate verbal concepts into visual statements.
- Utilize design principles and elements to create visual impact.
- Demonstrate styles, processes, and techniques used by commercial/graphic artists.
- Demonstrate computer competency in graphic design,
- Maintain a portfolio and a sketchbook/journal.
- Display an understanding of the aesthetic aspects in visual communication, e.g., using sensual, intellectual, nostalgic, humorous, and emotional responses to lure interest in a product. .
- Identify effective visual communication methods in the environment.
- Distinguish the aesthetic characteristics in various artistic visual media.
- Describe the development and the impact of commercial art.
- Research the impact of commercial art in the 20th Century,
- Identify technological advances and changing values in regard to materials, methods, and media.
- Discuss the variety of art forms used in business and industry and the vocational and professional fields used to communicate these forms.
- Identify and analyze career opportunities in commercial art and the essential training needed.
- Discuss the effective use of commercial art techniques.
- Differentiate between fine artworks and commercial artworks.
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What Orthodox Quakers Believe
The central tenets of Orthodox Quakers, based on the questions in the Belief-O-Matic quiz.
|•||Belief in Deity|
There is a Trinity of the Father (God), the Son (Christ), and the Holy Spirit that comprises one God Almighty. God is personal and incorporeal.
Jesus Christ is God's only incarnation. God is manifest within all as the light. Jesus possessed the light to the highest degree and is "the Light" within.
|•||Origin of Universe and Life|
The most orthodox Quakers hold to the authority of the Bible, and the book of Genesis--that God created all in less than seven days and less that 10,000 years ago. But many would maintain that a biblical "day" is not a literal 24 hours.
Most orthodox Quakers believe in direct reward and punishment, heaven and hell, the second coming of Christ, and resurrection of the dead (similar to conservative Christian view).
Some Orthodox Quakers adhere to similar beliefs as conservative Christians--belief in original sin and Satan. Many believe that lack of awareness of God's divine light within, or rebellion against it, is the cause of wrongdoing, and that alienation from God leaves one vulnerable to temptation or Satan.
Some Friends (the formal name of the group) churches include rites of baptism and communion, but sacraments to God are most often considered to arise from inward experiences, a personal encounter with God, rather than church ritual. Salvation is found internally through union with Christ, the divine Light within all. Many Quaker churches, e.g. evangelical, believe similarly to Conservative Protestant, that salvation is a free gift from God, with faith, independent of good works. Yet moral behavior and good works are viewed as essential to showing faith and obedience to God. Good works, such as humanitarian service, social justice, and peace efforts, are an expression of Christian love. Simplicity and humility are viewed as essential to living a Christian life.
The most orthodox Quakers maintain that Satan causes suffering. Suffering is allowed by God as part of His divine will and plan. Quakers focus on reducing human suffering, especially that caused by social injustice or violence.
Social-betterment programs and nonviolence are fundamental to Quakers. Some Orthodox Quaker churches are very accepting of homosexuality, and others condemn it as contrary to God's will.
A discussion forum for members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), or those interested.
Take Another Quiz
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The Painted Stoa
The "Painted Stoa" (Stoa Poikile) Built about 475-450 . A south facing stoa about 36m long decorated with painted wooden panels by outstanding 5th century painters - still in place when described by Pausanias 600 years later (Pausanias 1.28.3). Subjects were: Athenians v Amazons; Greeks v Trojans, and Athenian victory over Persians at Marathon. Also displayed were Spartan shields captured at Pylos in 425/4 BC, one of which was found in a well - inscribed "The Athenians from the Spartans from Pylos". The stoa was a general place for shelter and meeting - the written sources mention sword-swallowers, jugglers, beggars and fishmongers -and it was the birthplace of Stoicism around 300 BC, when Zeno used it as a base for his lectures on philosophy.
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Feature | November 26, 2013| Mats Björnemo
Considerations When Creating a Radiation Dose Management Program
How hospitals can better track the radiation doses delivered to patients
Radiation dose continues to rise as the number of computed tomography (CT), nuclear, angiography, and fluoroscopy examinations grow, leading to a greater risk of patient overexposure to radiation. Healthcare providers must reinforce their efforts to monitor and visualize dose levels from radiology examinations to enhance patient safety and meet new regulatory demands. There is also a need to justify and optimize the usage of radiation dose to find a balance between safer practice, image quality and lower dose – all for the benefit of the patient. Implementing tools for automatic and continuous follow up of radiation dose is at the forefront of meeting these challenges.
Gathering Radiation Dose Data
Gathering dose data is the first step in the optimization process. This is already done at many hospitals by the physics department, but it is often not an automated or a continuous process. Typically, dose data is collected when a cause for concern is raised for some reason or as a recurring quality control measure. A more systematic approach is implementing a permanent solution for automated collection of dose data from all modalities.
Newer modalities support the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) profile Radiation Exposure Monitoring and/or the DICOM MPPS standard. This functionality allows dose to be collected automatically from the modality in real time and without human intervention.
But even with a dose monitoring solution in place, challenges in gathering data may persist. Mats Nilsson, professor in the Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Malmo University Hospital, Region Skane, Sweden, who has years of experience working with region-wide dose monitoring, shares some advice.
“When working across an entire region with several hospitals as we do, standardization is crucial for efficient followup,” he explains. “You must have clear routines in place. Which exams can be reported together? Which should have separate exam codes? How do you name modalities and how, and in which, DICOM tag should the exam code be stored?”
Monitoring, Analyzing and Finding Best Practice
A dose monitoring solution can provide both the quick overview needed in day-to-day operations as well as the in-depth analysis required to implement ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principals. The standard dashboards include automatic alerts indicating when a patient has received an abnormal dose level or signals that show when a modality for some reason is not sending correct dose data, for example, following an upgrade.
The in-depth analysis enables benchmarking between different modalities, different hospitals, or even different technologists and doctors to develop best practices.
Visualizing Radiation Dose Data
It is important to increase awareness about the dose levels attached to different examinations throughout the entire healthcare chain. The interest in dose monitoring needs to spread from the physicists to radiologists, technologists and clinicians. With the dose information at hand, better decisions can be made, answering such questions as: Which type of follow-up examination is optimal? Given the higher dose level, is the CT exam really necessary or is a regular X-ray sufficient?
“Showing the dose level for each examination will create a curiosity about dose. That is an important first step in raising the discussion and finding the optimal balance between dose and diagnostic quality,” says Peter Leander, regional chief medical officer at Malmo University Hospital, who has CT dose optimization on the very top of his priority list.
Dose Data that Follows the Patient
The risk of over-radiation is normally not the dose given in a specific examination, but the cumulative dose given to a patient over time. This means that the dose data should not only be gathered and kept at a specific hospital or clinic, but it needs to follow the patient throughout their life. The solution to this challenge will differ between countries. This varies from national registries and patient portals to a patient owning the data in their personal record.
Efficient Reporting to Authorities
Given the focus that is put on radiation dose levels, it is just a matter of time before authorities will demand continuous reporting on radiation dose from healthcare providers. This is not only for control purposes, but also to build up a reference database. By comparing radiation dose levels not only in a single hospital but in a region or even in an entire country, broader guidelines and improvements can be implemented.
“With the dose at hand, a flexible dose monitoring solution will enable the necessary reports to be created with just a few clicks,” says Ian Judd, product manager for Sectra’s dose monitoring solution. “I have met several healthcare providers who do this manually today spending days or even weeks to collect and summarize the data. With the increased demands from authorities, that will simply not cut it.”
Healthcare providers need to implement efficient means of collecting radiation dose statistics, reporting to authorities and visualizing dose data throughout the healthcare chain. This is the foundation that can enable an optimization of dose levels – all for the benefit of the patient. It is a natural next step to increase patient safety and inevitably, a necessary demand being put forward by authorities.
Editor's note: The article author Mats Björnemo is director of product marketing at Sectra. The company released its DoseTrack software in the United States in 2013, and first demonstrated it at RSNA 2012.
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Sculpture: Raúl García Latorre
Painting: Jaume Ortiz ( Head young ) and Pepe Gallardo ( Head veteran )
Number of parts of the kit: 4 (includes 2 heads)
In 1746, at Culloden Moor, was fought the last battle of the “forty-five”, the third and last jacobite uprising that ended up with the total defeat of Prince Charles Edward Stuart's cause.
The Jacobite army, mainly formed by Scottish Highlands clans, faced a British task force that was almost double in number and included artillery, cavalry and much modern weaponry. Tired and hungry after a long night march, the Jacobites entered scattered in the battlefield and, in spite of their courage, their disorganized charges and the superiority of the enemy caused a total defeat.
After the battle, the Duke of Cumberland ordered the execution of all the Jacobite prisoners and wounded. Most of those who managed to escape emigrated to the colonies to avoid the repression, that included details such as the pipes, regarded as “weapon of war”. Culloden Moor is, until today, the last battle fought in British soil.
In our version, we have tried to portray the typical outfit of a Jacobite highlander, including a couple of heads and some minor options that we hope may offer a wide array of possibilities of building and painting.
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On completion of their operational lives, all ships need to be disposed off, and the most beneficial way of doing so, in theory at least, is to send them for recycling where it’s machinery, equipment and hull can all be reutilised in one way or another, without adversely impacting the environment. In practice though the process is environmentally unsound and labour exploitative, as the industry has by now gravitated towards countries with low labour costs, weak regulatory mechanisms and lax standards of enforcement.
Ship dismantling is quite an art, more so in unregulated yards. In South Asia, which accounts for nearly 80% of such work, the ship to be scrapped is first beached under its own power before being systematically stripped piece by piece, with more useful items like radio and radar equipment, machinery, ship’s steering wheel, portholes, compass etc being removed first. The ship’s skeleton is then broken down for selling the steel plates to the hundreds of steel re-rolling and re-melting mills around the country which owe their existence to such supplies, as they can ill-afford the far more costlier iron billets or ingots from steel mills.
This ship-breaking activity, which takes place on the beach itself, forces workers to work at dizzying heights without the aid of cranes, in places where no emergency exit or access is possible. The vessels are likewise not cleared of residual oil, gases and chemicals before being beached, exposing both the environment as well as the workers to high levels of toxicity. Apart from workers dying or falling unconscious through inhalation of toxic gases in enclosed compartments, the use of blowtorches for cutting work also proves fatal as the explosion at a Gadani yard on 1st November 2016 showed.
Gadani’s ship-breaking industry, as it is generally referred to, is one, which despite its money-making potential, has always been primed for disaster. The reason is the same as that which caused it to flourish in the first place: it’s disregard of environmental and labour safeguards. It is a pity that it took a major accident like the afore-mentioned explosion onboard a 24000 tonnes oil tanker during the scrapping process to bring the horrendous working conditions at the ship-breaking yards under the scanner.
The stretch of beach reserved for the purpose is a virtual death-trap, in which as many as 15000 impoverished workers risk their lives everyday tearing down ships at a breakneck pace. Despite the hazards, there is no dearth of workers trickling in from all over the country, and even beyond, in search of an elusive livelihood, living undocumented and dying unlamented. The absence of any legislative framework governing this activity translates into a lack of governmental oversight, leaving the workers open to exploitation, bereft of any social, health or safety blanket.
Strange as it may seem, the Gadani coastline is no stranger to the craft, having hosted informal ship-breaking activities since before the country’s independence. Voices being raised in the West regarding environmental concerns and unsafe practises associated with this industry led to the re-emergence of Gadani in 1967 as a major ship-breaking centre. In its heydays in 1982-83, the yard provided employment to over 30,000 workers, while half a million others benefitted through the use of ship scrap as a cheap raw material.
Imposition of stiff import duties thereafter for decommissioned vessels, coupled with a steep raise in taxes, led to Gadani’s decline and the concurrent ascent of competitive yards at Alang in India and Chittagong in Bangladesh. Gadani’s fortunes revived somewhat in 2001 after the government scaled down the taxes and offered other needed incentives. Bangladesh took the top spot in 2004, and for the next 5 years, it was dismantling nearly 50% of the global tonnage being put up for scrapping. This breakneck pace came to a grinding halt in the wake of an year long ban imposed by the Bangladesh High Court in a bid to force the government to undertake the much-needed reforms. This ruling ultimately resulted in this activity being accorded the status of an industry as part of an overall plan to promote higher labour standards and better toxic waste management.
Ironically, it was the global economic downturn of 2008 which rendered many ships surplus and freed them up for disposal that gave the industry an added fillip. In the year 2012 alone, Gadani dismantled 133 ships, Chittagong 286 and Alang a whopping 415. As can be seen, Bangladesh is slowly but surely regaining its market share, being second only at present to the Alang-Sossiya complex in India.
Gadani however enjoys the dubious distinction of being the most efficient, with a ship of 5000 Light Displacement Tons being broken down in one-fifth the time taken by an Indian or Bangladeshi yard. This efficiency comes at a steep price though, extracted from the workers that it employs and the environment that it sullies.
Unlike the entrepreneurs of the nineteen seventies, the local industry is currently being run by profiteers, albeit influential ones, on plots leased from the provincial government, with the Baluchistan Development Authority itself retaining control over a third of them, whose management is marginally better. The problems plaguing the industry are legion, ranging from poor quality access roads to a lack of water, electricity, eating, lodging, sanitation and health facilities. The working conditions are terrible, made more so by the high levels of toxicity a worker is regularly exposed to.
When the transportation of hazardous waste and chemicals to developing countries was threatening to become the norm, as the environmental laws were being continuously tightened in the developed states, the 1989 Basel Convention sought to address such concerns by prohibiting such transboundary movements without prior permission. The Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships 2009 is however a comprehensive document which deals with all aspects of the recycling process from the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships to the use of ship recycling facilities, all meant to undertake the job in a regulated manner. This Convention was supposed to enter into force upon signing by 15 states representing 40% of world shipping. It has received a lukewarm response so far, with barely 5 states affixing their signature, for reasons completely at odds: the developing countries feel that the laid-down conditions are difficult to implement, while the developed states believe it does not go far enough. The latter group thinks that the agreement lacks teeth, it’s enforcement being largely dependent on an examination of documentary evidence. The European Union has accordingly pieced together its own legislation which prohibits any EU-registered ship from being recycled at yards which do not come up to the high green ship recycling standards specified. There is still no dearth of ships making their way to the unsafe yards of South Asia as a bulk of the world’s shipping is registered in ‘flag of convenience’ states.
Dadani’s ship-breaking industry as it is traditionally known is admittedly beset with a host of problems. So what exactly propels it to such a level of ‘success’? Greed, for one! The revenues that the federal as well as the provincial governments receive presumably makes them turn a blind eye to the atrocities inflicted on the environment and the jeopardy the workers are subjected to. The yard owners reap huge profits from the enterprise, as much as $5 million per ship, all at the expense of those who work round the clock in hazardous conditions for a pittance, with no fringe health or insurance benefits.
Casualties have become a way of life, mere statistics. But now that such a serious issue has been thrust to the forefront of the national consciousness, courtesy of a single major explosion, the question is whether anything will be now be done about it. A serious inquiry as is being promised would reveal what people in the know already know. Nothing short of a complete overhaul would do, inclusive of our legislative, inspection and enforcement mechanisms. An excellent role model to aspire to would be Turkey, a country whose green recycling credentials has made it a destination of choice for all conscientious states.
For this to happen, profiteers need to be replaced with genuine entrepreneurs willing to set up the desired infrastructure like dry docks and cranes, equip workers with adequate protective gear and attend to their basic welfare needs. The Government for its part needs to provide all the necessary utilities and amenities, improve the road access network and readjust the taxes at a reasonable level. In the interim period, the setting up of a hazardous waste storage and disposal system can facilitate the pre-demolition activity of cleaning up all tanks and bilges of oil, paint and chemical residues.
Such hazardous activities under the very nose of law enforcement authorities have gone on long enough. The way forward is already known in the form of the 2009 Hong Kong Convention as well as the health and safety guidelines issued by the International Labour Organisation. All that is required is to enact and enforce local legislation aimed at converting this unstructured activity into a green enterprise to ensure the safety of the workers as well as the environment.
Note: This article was published in the December 2016 issue of the monthly magazine ‘Global Age’.
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Pond scum floating on water is often considered an unhealthy look by many.
However, the microalgae that make up these floating green mats could get newfound respect as renewable sources of fuel, specialty chemicals, dietary supplements and other valued products.
The potential of pond scum has also spilled over into agriculture. This summer, a team of University of Minnesota and USDA Agricultural Research Service scientists published findings that show inoculating crop soils with microalgae known as cyanobacteria can offer several benefits. These include naturally fertilizing the soil, replenishing its store of organic matter and binding soil particles together so that they're less prone to erosion.
Adriana Alvarez, with U-M's Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, led the study, together with U-M professor Robert Gardner (deceased) and ARS soil scientists Sharon Weyers and Jane Johnson — both at the agency's Soil Management Research Unit in Morris, Minn. The collaboration is part of a shared interest: finding sustainable ways agriculture can meet the food, fiber, feed and fuel needs of a growing world population forecasted to exceed 9 billion by 2050.
For the study, the team chose to use a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium known as Anabaena cylindrica UTEX, strain 1611. The researchers applied it as a dark green slurry to pots containing Mollisol, a type of organically rich clay loam soil common to grassland areas in the Upper Midwest.
Previous research by other groups had focused on the use of cyanobacteria and other photosynthetic microalgae to fertilize rice crops and revitalize degraded soils in arid and semiarid regions of the world. But less research had been done examining the effects of the microalgae's use on nutrient-rich arable soils with high organic content like Mollisol, the team noted in a paper published in August in the online issue of the Journal of Applied Phycology.
3 experiments look at aspects of cyanobacteria
To learn more, the researchers divided their study into three separate laboratory experiments. The first examined the effects of using the cyanobacteria on soil structure and nutrient dynamics; the second on soil loss and nutrient levels in runoff and leaching water; following simulated rainfall events; and the third on mineralization, in which "biomass" of the cyanobacteria release plant-nourishing forms of nitrogen and phosphorus as they die and decay in soil.
Among the results, the researchers observed:
• Soils inoculated with cyanobacteria had more soluble nitrogen and phosphorus than untreated control soils — a buildup that occurred gradually rather than suddenly. The latter raises the prospects of a biobased, slow-release fertilizer, the researchers noted.
• Those same soils also had more soluble organic carbon, a form known to stimulate the growth and activity of other beneficial soil microorganisms that promote plant health and productivity.
• Soils contain clumps of particles called aggregates. Cyanobacteria-inoculated soils had more large aggregates that held together better in water, a feature that can contribute to improved soil structure and reduced likelihood of erosion by wind or rain.
Although the results affirm the findings of prior studies, the researchers cautioned more work has yet to be done across different agricultural systems and geographic areas to fully understand the value, safety and limitations of using microalgae.
"More research is needed with different strains, different crops, different soils and climates," Alvarez said. The economic feasibility of scaling up microalgae production and harvest for products that farmers can use — and in what forms — also has to be investigated. However, new approaches like this will be critical to meeting the agricultural challenges of tomorrow, Alvarez added — namely, "protecting and preserving the soil resource and value of soil as a central piece in our food, water and energy production for the next decades."
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- of or containing iridium
- designating or of a chemical compound containing tetravalent iridium
- of the iris of the eye
Of or relating to the iris of the eye.
irid(ium) (Neo-Latin, itself from Latin iris, from Greek iris) + -ic, hence cognate with Etymology 2
- (medicine) Of or relating to the iris of the eye.
irid- + -ic
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The Senate and the House of Representatives have concluded voting on the amendment to aspects of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution.
Altogether, the two chambers of the National Assembly considered 33 sections of the document slated for amendment in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Fourth Alteration) Bill, 2017.
Among the major ammendments passed are the abrogation of state/local government joint accounts and the existence of democratically-constituted local government areas as well as expansion of the membership of the Council of State to include former Senate Presidents and Speakers of the House of Representatives.
Others are the inclusion of portfolios of ministerial nominees before sending them to the National Assembly for confirmation; sending ministerial and commissioner nominees within 30 days of the inauguration of the president and of governors for states; and empowering the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, to deregister political parties over failure to secure an elective seat.
Already, the legislature voted in favour of local government autonomy; immunity for lawmakers in respect of words spoken or written at the plenary session; the president to deliver a State of the Nation address to joint session of the National Assembly; as well as independent candidacy for elections
Significantly, both chambers rejected devolution of power to the federating states.
The legislature derives its authority from Section 9 (2) and (3) to amend the Constitution.
Section 9 states that the “National Assembly can pass an Act to amend the Constitution when its proposal to amend the constitution has been supported by two-thirds majority of all the members of each chamber and is approved by the resolution of at least 24 Houses of Assembly at the states.”
However, the amendments approved by the federal legislature is just one of the steps in the process to alter the constitution as there are stages they would go through before they finally take effect.
Procedures for a constitutional amendment:
1. Amendments to the Constitution come in form of Bills, which originate either from the executive arm or the legislative arm (as a Private Member Bill).
Private Member Bill can be initiated by any member of the Senate and House of Representative or interest groups through the lawmakers.
Both the Senate and House of Representatives which have separate committees on the review of the constitution may have taken inputs from members of the public via public hearings.
2. Voting process takes place in both chambers of the National Assembly. Each of the amendments will only scale through if it gets the support of two-thirds of each of the chambers (240 in the House, 72 in the Senate). Once the voting is concluded in the Senate, it is sent to the House of Representatives for concurrence or vice versa.
3. Once all the proposed amendments are accepted by two-thirds of each of the chambers, the Bill is sent to the Clerk of the National Assembly, CNA to transmit to the State Houses of Assembly.
4. Once the process is completed at the National Assembly, the amendments are forwarded to the State Houses of Assembly.
Here two-thirds (24) of the 36 states must approve each clause by a vote of a simple majority.
Once this is achieved, the amendment takes effect and returns are made to the National Assembly.
Any amendment not ratified by at least 24 state legislatures is presumed dead and may have to wait for future exercises.
5. Presidential Assent: Once the Bill is returned to the National Assembly from the state legislatures, it is sent to the president for assent.
However, shortly after the last amendment exercise, there was a raging debate as to whether the amendments should automatically take effect or it should be sent to the president for assent.
In 2015, former President Goodluck Jonathan had withheld his assent to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Fourth Alteration) Act 2015 sent to him by the National Assembly.
He queried the decision of the National Assembly to whittle down some executive powers of the president of the country.
In May that year, a few days before Mr. Jonathan vacated office, the Supreme Court to which the matter was referred ordered both federal government and the National Assembly to maintain status quo on the amendment exercise.
Interestingly, in the current exercise, both chambers have voted to support overriding presidential veto in constitutional alteration.
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Mass Versus Light in 1930's Modern
Creative review published a story on a New Deal typeface, designed for the movie Public Enemies. The creators wanted to capture the untrained aspect of Works Progress Administration art, often designed by professionals, but executed by people still learning. The modern made an explicit play of mass against light. Both could play either the good or the bad, such as in this example. The poster to the left makes light spindly play the villain. The rolls could easily be reversed, with dark blobs being crime and light being the cure.
However the play, the power of this dynamic is made stronger by using blocks of light and dark, which make color and mass, that is cone vision, play against black and white vision, that is rod vision. Such as this advertising poster for the Cunard line.
This "Work with Care" sign shows
mass associated with labor, solidity, care, stone, hardness, durability and survivability. Mass was good when it was associated with granite like permanence, a feature exploited in the travel America posters for both historic and natural wonders.
The two were often combined in a single message, for example in this 1933 Chicago World's fair poster, where towers are both solid and soaring.
The decorative arts style that is married to this idea of mass as solidity and permanence, is Art Deco. This was a movement that featured in it's first half rich colors of the prosperous urban jazz age, as exemplified by people such as the painter Tamara de Lempika. However, well before then, the aesthetic of mass has begun to emerge as being representative of certain kinds of values and qualities, both positive and negative.
The roots of this use of blocks of color came in the disintegration of impressionism as a movement, and the rise of Gauguin and Cezanne. The idea was to use planes of color, rather than lines, to establish space. It is not a new idea, but the modern is to expose the raw force of an idea, showing the way a particular effect is acheived. The faces of the van Meegeren owe a great deal to paintings like this nude by Gaugin and this figure portrait.
Fauvism was among the first art movements of the new century, and it showed the traits of which van Meegeren's faces would partake: the planes instead of the lines of the cheeks, for example.
Meegeren, by tossing aside pastiche, has adopted his native century. But he always had, his textile in one painting marked where he was, and dated him. Now he was free to paint in a style, and strangely, still inexplicably, he chose one that evokes Mann's Death in Venice: a fascination with the vibrant and latin south. For van Meegeren, the context of Spanish references had to be ironic given the history of the Netherlands as a once Spanish colony. Looking again at van Meegeren, who had a villa in the south of France, it is clear that he has become enamored of the rich mahogany skin of distant place. He is enamored of Mexico and other places populated by dark beauty.
The Third Reich famously adopts this aesthetic of mass, exemplified by films such as The Triumph of the Will. The use of the German Eagle in their propaganda is one such powerful motif. But they are far from alone in using mass and associating it with state power. The Soviet examples are myriad. But this use is not limited to totalitarian states. Here is, for example a contemporary Federal Reserve eagle, and this one from Canada.
So the use of mass as a sign of permanence is part of the period aesthetics, and part of the dialog of light and thin against massive and monumental. Mass, implying the ability to extract and process large volumes of ore into steel, is a trope that had appeared in previous eras, with for example, gothic stylings in the Victorian, or Ming tombs and the Forbidden City. Mass is a way of a society demonstrating it's physical force and ability to project power through labor and capital. It is an idea that powered Stonehenge, the Inca cities, and the massive Egyptian pyramids.
The aesthetic of mass had many reasons to flower at that moment,in that form, and several of them can be associated with the results of that wave of capitalism: giganticism, materials, pollution, and mass urbanization, as well as the technologies of reproduction themselves, such as silk screening. Silkscreen creates areas of lighter or darker application naturally, and art works that use large blocs of color are often better recognizing the properties of the medium.
The 1930's adopts a palette of earth tones and sombre colors, which was coupled with the sense of darkness, despair, hard labor, but also massive industrialization. It was a period of large projects, precisely because labor and capital had become very cheap relative to the cost of money. In the United States, that produced the WPA, in Germany, the creation of a war machine. But the same aesthetic is at work: mass implying permanence, power, and purpose.
van Meegeren is hardly in the forefront of this aesthetic movement, or its use. From from being a generative force, by the time he adopts these tropes, they are already well established, and had been used in both high and commercial art for decades. Nor is his application of them particularly revelatory. His Vermeer-van Meegeren period is a mannered application of these forms.
Apocrypha is the attribution of works created of whole cloth to another figure. Almost every important writer, artist, or creative person in history, from ancient philosophers forward, has works attributed to them. Some are not intended to be mistaken for the real thing, it is merely the way of that time and place. Others are clearly intended as forgery in that they are meant to be included among the works of the individual and expand the corpus. To be, as it were, the first among interpreters.
However some are even broader in intention: to be a rewriting of the meaning of the individual or the individuals actions. Apocrypha of this time are very different from forgeries, in that the forger is trying to create something that is very much alike the artist or figures output, only with their own ideas carried along with them. The creator of apocrypha is making a second creation: asserting their own equal genius, and in some way, erasing the figure that came before.
van Meegeren's work fits this description. It is art, where his pastiche was not. It is utterly different from Vermeer in almost every respect, fitting closely the aesthetics of his own time, in it's use of planes of color and abstraction, Gauguin and Cézanne derived techniques. He sits comfortably among contemporaries such as Diego Rivera, for example.
The creator of apocrypha, however, has two final twists to answer for, and these call into question the theories based on people merely fooling themselves about the nature of the works in question.
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This two men are not often paired together in discussions. My reason for putting here is that I have been teaching books by both of them in recent days at Veritas Academy. One can find similarities between the two men. Both were authors of numerous books. Both were deep thinkers, immersed in philosophy and possessing wide eclectic learning. Both suffered a certain degree of rejection in their lives. Melville’s career tanked after writing Moby Dick. Clark was only slightly known in either philosophical or Christian circles and is less known today. But generally, these two men are not paired in discussions.
Herman Melville was a successful writer of adventurous books about sailing, being on Pacific islands, and undergoing adventure at sea. The he wrote a really big book on a sea adventure, and then he revised that really big book, and then he published that really big book. Titled Moby Dick, the Whale, this lengthy, ranging, rolling novel sent Melville’s literary career down the same path as the Pequod, the ship in the story. Melville took a government job to pay the bills since writing was no longer an option for him. It was in the early decades of the 20th Century that Melville resurfaced from his watery literary grave. The discovery of his powerful novella Billy Budd led to an appreciation and astonishment about his whaling epic.
Gordon Clark was a philosophy teacher and a Calvinist when Calvinism wasn’t cool. Neither was a philosophical and theological approach to Christianity. Clark thought it was critically important that not just preachers, but folks in the pews should be reading, studying, and thinking about theology. After theological liberals had cut away almost all doctrinal convictions, neo-orthodox theologians so changed the content and approach to theology as to render it inscrutable, mystical, and plastic. Like Athena’s birth out of Zeus’ skull, Clark was birthed right out of the head of Logic. Not emotion, not heart-felt leading, not experience, not tradition, but logical, rational thought was needed to affirm the truths of Christianity. Clark was, however, no Rationalist. He was a Supernaturalist. God had to do the work in the heart before the rational faculties could stand on the foundation. Clark was unwavering in his Calvinistic soteriology. But once saved, the believer was obligated to think logically, which to Clark meant think Biblically. For a few years, Clark taught at Wheaton College. At that point in time, his Calvinistic somberness set him at odds with the Fundamentalist spirit of the college at that time. But before he left, he knocked some sense into a student or two, including a young guy named Carl F. H. Henry.
My connection is the teaching of two books. They are described below:
This book is not designed for today’s high school students, so I used it for my high school students. It is a challenge, a climb, a reach. Often Clark is battling the theological monsters of the earlier parts of the 20th century. But one doesn’t read Clark to find out how to answer the latest complaint an unbeliever has against Christianity. You read Clark to know what you should believe and how to think through it. Clark was convinced that the normal man in the pews and the somewhat Charismatic touchy-feely Christian needed to clamp down and study some basic theological doctrines. His main contention is that God has spoken and we should know what He has said.
Clark was a presuppositionalist in apologetic approach. Like his earthly sparing partner and heavenly buddy Cornelius Van Til, he believed that all people begin with basic, assumed presuppositions that are non-demonstrable, but accepted by faith. From the most basic axiom, or presupposition, Clark believed that the Christian faith could be aptly defended. One can look elsewhere for the differences between Clarkian and Van Tillian and other apologists for Christianity. I was once interested in this intramural sport, but no longer am. I think John Frame’s book The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God aptly brings the varying schools of thought together.
It is good for students to know that God raised up Gordon Clark in a time of Christian intellectual drought. Clark excelled at philosophy, breathed logic, loved theology, expounded on historiography, and promoted Christian education. He lacked stylist gifts or popularizing techniques. He was a thinker, and for students just getting their hands on serious theology, he is quite a good teacher. Clark’s books are published by The Trinity Foundation.
Melville said that to produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme. Moby Dick is, as everyone knows, about a great white whale. But there is more: There is the overwhelming obsession of Captain Ahab to find and kill Moby Dick. There is the sad fated crew of the Pequod, a whole host of odd, interesting, quirky individuals. Then there is the lone survivor, at least one of the greatest narrators of all time, the exiled teacher from the classroom who addresses the whole world of readers from his grand classroom.
“Why is the book so long?” “Why are there so many pages and chapters detailing and examing every aspect of the whale and whaling?” Just go back to the title–Moby Dick, the Whale. This is not about catching a catfish, netting a dolphin, or capturing any old whale (and there is a really old whale who is killed and captured in an earlier chapter). Critics wonder what Moby Dick stands for. Melville included a beautifully lyrical and poetic, historical, literary, theological, and philosophical chapter called “The Whiteness of the Whale.”
Some have thought that Moby Dick represents God. A symbolizing image does not have to perfectly resemble whatever it symbolizes. The novel does deal with transcendence, man’s place in the universe, community, obsession, love, vengeance, adventure, and death. But those topics would have only allowed it to be a somewhat great novel. Moby Dick is frightening, repulsive (whale butchery ain’t pretty), alienating, and dark. Camus and Hemingway look like comic writers compared to Melville. The book tosses about philosophers’ names and thoughts with the ease of a sail flapping in the wind. Any Platonist, and that probably included Ishmael at the beginning, is in for a series of paradigm shifts and challenges.
Conventional thinking is challenged. Melville struggled against the Presbyterianism of his youth, but he never overcame it. From his fellow theology-grappler and close friend Nathaniel Hawthorne, Melville realized the absolute necessity of real fiction reflecting that most Calvinistic and dark of theological truths–Original Sin. But one of the most powerful, puzzling, and humbling aspects of the novel is Ishmael’s friendship with Queequeg, a heavily tattooed prince from a cannabilistic tribe. It is Queequeg who mentors Ishmael in what fellowship, love, and true friendship are all about. Even as he sees oddities in Queequeg’s view of the world, Ishmael recognizes that he is being taught by him. Ishmael reflects on it all and says, “Heaven have mercy on us all–Presbyterians and Pagans alike–for we are all somehow dreadfully cracked about in the head, and sadly need mending.”
Although Melville did not have Mark Twain’s gift for hilliarity, Melville was incredibly funny. It was somewhere around the third reading before I started catching the dry, often erudite, serious, but uproariously funny humor of Melville, via Ishmael.
The feature or factor that so elevates this novel, and causes it to grow with the re-readings, is its treatment of KNOWLEDGE. This novel is about knowing. It is about life-knowledge, understanding, wisdom, seeing, perceiving, finding your place in the universe but discovering the universe in the process. John Calvin begins The Institutes of the Christian Religion with the words “Our wisdom, in so far as it ought to be deemed true and solid Wisdom, consists almost entirely of two parts: the knowledge of God and of ourselves.” Melville’s quest for knowledge is of a similar pattern.
Melville, a sailor by background, saw the great white whale as a worthy representation of what is beyond human comprehension, but what invites human comprehension. Man thought that by killing, capturing, and dismantling the whale, he could know the whale. But man could not grasp anything so huge, terrifying, allusive, and inscrutible. That why Melville is so often encyclopedic (the opening section of the novel), eclectic, and poetic in trying to, not understand, but describe the whale.
Melville’s prose waves and rolls like the ocean. It is poetry, stream-of-consciousness, philosophy, journalism, and existential experience all woven together. It is infuriating because Melville knows so much, but humbling because he is, like Socrates, simply seeking to overcome his own lack of understanding.
Two great thinkers: Profound, questioning and questing, learned and obscure–Gordon H. Clark and Herman Melville. What a delightful voyage this is across the oceans of thought in search of the Great White Whale.
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Informal food enterprises sustaining city livelihoods
After the disastrous impact of Covid-19, reports of structural reform in various institutions will add to the burden of city dwellers to feed themselves.
It must be noted the majority of Nairobi residents, for instance, spend over 45 per cent of their income on food, hence loss or reduction of income could precipitate a monumental challenge of food insecurity.
Living in the city has always been challenging not only for the poor who run away to the city to escape the vagaries of rural poverty but also those considered middle-class.
Due to the high cost of living, the amount available for food is minimal, a reason food insecurity is prevalent and alternative income sources necessary for survival.
However, city challenges have always aroused the survival instinct of city dwellers.
From Maputo to Windhoek, research shows informal food entrepreneurs, who in most cases are unemployed or underemployed, have stepped up to feed the people through informal enterprises including vending food on the streets as a means of earning an income.
Nairobi has not been left behind; many streets are dotted with informal food enterprises.
The role of informal food enterprises has not been given sufficient attention which has in turn hindered development of policies that promote sustainable growth.
It is important to note that the history of the street market in Nairobi has been identified as a history of destruction.
There has been concerted effort to eliminate informal businesses from the city centre but has proved futile.
But what is the impact of informal food enterprises, and why should it matter?
It is generally accepted that food security is the anchor of human and economic development; therefore, food insecurity jeopardises a country’s prospect of growth.
Informal food enterprises function as a critical link to food access to the majority of the low wage earners.
Street after street downtown of Nairobi has a food or fruit parlor, run by entrepreneurs who offer food and fruits at affordable prices.
According to research, these food enterprises have played a key role in sustaining the livelihood of city dwellers who would otherwise suffer from dire food insecurity.
In fact, besides food safety concerns, studies have confirmed informal food enterprises are not contributing to the emerging health menace of non-communicable diseases. This is because most of the food sold in streets is whole not ultra-processed.
Further, informal food enterprises help in enhancing rural urban linkages through food remittances which in turn form part of the source of the food sold in the streets.
With the Covid pandemic, informal food remittances have acted as a buffer for those in the city who have lost jobs.
Consequently, rural food remittances has been the hidden driver of informal food business in Nairobi.
Resilience of informal business in most urban centres generally depicts the essence of food enterprises.
Therefore, calls for change of strategy to address the issue of informal food enterprises in Kenya is imperative.
Given that urban population will continue to rise while employment opportunities decrease, it is important that policy makers rethink policies.
For instance, the health burden and cost that is occasioned by unhealthy food systems must be tamed.
With research showing that informal food businesses largely offer healthy food, the safety challenges could be addressed through comprehensive health and hygiene education.
Consequently, a number of studies have associated development of infrastructure as contributing factors to growth of business enterprises.
As indicated in The Urban Food System of Nairobi report, business hours of food entrepreneurs in informal settlements is determined by availability of street lights and security.
It is, therefore, critical that policy makers put concerted effort to continuously improve roads, access to electricity and water to aid the entrepreneurial effort of city dwellers. Entrepreneurs must also be willing to improve on health and hygiene.
Enhancing public education is one of the ways to improve the capacity of entrepreneurs hence a need for budgetary allocation to set up platforms to facilitate training activities.
In addition, maintaining relations with regional neighbours is important for the food business to prosper in Nairobi since a sizable volume of food stuff is obtained from Tanzania and Uganda.
Even with the Covid restrictions, the necessity of assuring food security for citizens must always inform government development and foreign policy. — The writer is International Food Policy Analyst
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Liver Biopsy in Children
A liver biopsy is a procedure used to obtain a very small piece of your child's liver so it can be examined for disease.
After your child is asleep (by sedation) and under sterile conditions, a needle is inserted into your child's abdomen and used to obtain a small piece of your child's liver tissue. This tissue is sent to a laboratory to assist in establishing a diagnosis for your child.
This test is only available at CHOP’s Main Campus.
To learn more about liver diseases, see the Fred and Suzanne Biesecker Pediatric Liver Disease Center.
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Primary music education: the misrepresentation of the ideals of curricula in research
Stakelum, M. (2008) Primary music education: the misrepresentation of the ideals of curricula in research. Irish Educational Studies, 27 (3). pp. 281-293. ISSN 0332-3315
Full text not archived in this repository.
To link to this article DOI: 10.1080/03323310802242229
The author starts from a historical viewpoint to suggest that, at primary level, we have tended to perpetuate a nineteenth-century notion of music education. This is evident in the selection and organisation of musical content in curriculum documents, the scope of the teacher-pupil transaction implicit in these and the assumptions about music education which underpin research on practice conducted at official policy level. In light of the introduction of the 1999 Revised Primary School Curriculum, with its change in emphasis, she notes that it is timely to reconsider the situation. Central to this is the need to challenge the notion of music as a set of delineated skills, to explore the relationship between the primary teacher and music, and to move towards a notion of research which acknowledges the richness of multiple interpretations teachers bring to the curriculum.
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Researchers hope to be able to target the same protein in men, however, more tests will be needed to show whether the drug is both safe and effective in people.
Scientists believe they are a step closer in the difficult journey towards developing a male contraceptive pill, after successful studies in mice.
A contraceptive pill for women has been around for decades, but an equivalent for men has proved elusive.
A US study, published in the journal Cell, showed a drug could make mice temporarily infertile without hampering their sex drive.
Experts said the findings were "exciting", but needed tests in people.
It has been argued that the lack of a male contraceptive pill has contributed to the number of unplanned pregnancies.
One of the challenges is developing a drug which can cross over from the blood into the testes.
US researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Baylor College of Medicine were testing a drug called JQ1. It targets a protein which exists only in the testes and is critical for sperm production.
The testes of mice taking the drug began to shrink as they produced fewer sperm, which were also less mobile. Some were rendered infertile.
When the animals were no longer taking the drug they were able to have babies.
One of the researchers, Dr James Bradner said: "This compound produces a rapid and reversible decrease in sperm count and motility with profound effects on fertility.
"These findings suggest that a reversible, oral male contraceptive may be possible."
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The cardiac catheterization technologist works with physicians in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to diagnose and treat heart patients. Cardiac catheterization refers to the method of inserting small catheters through a needle into the blood vessels and into the heart so that X-rays, angiograms and other recordings can be taken to determine the heart's structure and function.
As a member of the cardiac catheterization team, the cardiovascular technologist serves as a surgical scrub assistant, monitors the patient's hemodynamic and physiologic condition, circulates and administers drugs, and operates additional laboratory equipment.
Cardiac Cath studies consist of diagnostic and interventional procedures such as coronary and cardiac angiography, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (in which a balloon catheter is used to open clogged arteries) and right heart catheterization (in which blood flow measurements are made).
The cardiac catheterization technologist also works with physicians in providing interventional cardiology, which attempts to save people from having heart attacks by restoring blood flow to diseased areas of the heart. The cardiovascular technologist assists with balloon angioplasty, gives clot-dissolving drugs and assists in other cardiac emergency procedures.
Upon completion of the didactic training, the student rotates though local medical centers participating in the program to complete the final quarters of clinical internship. Students take the CCI national registry exam upon graduation.
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In Hellenistic culture, a mural crown identified the goddess Tyche, the embodiment of the fortune of a city, familiar to Romans as Fortuna. The high cylindrical polos of Cybele too could be rendered as a mural crown in Hellenistic times, specifically designating the Mother Goddess as patron of a city. The mural crown became an ancient Roman military decoration that later became a heraldic motif.
The Roman corona muralis (Latin: "walled crown") as used in antiquity was a golden crown, or a circle of gold intended to resemble a battlement, bestowed upon the soldier who first climbed the wall of a besieged city or fortress to successfully place the standard of the attacking army upon it. The Roman mural crown was made of gold, and decorated with turrets, as is the heraldic version. Being one of the highest orders of military decorations, it was not awarded to a claimant until after a strict investigation . The rostrata mural crown was assigned as naval prize, similar to naval crown.
The term is also used in heraldry to denote a crown modeled after the walls of a castle. In recent times, mural crowns have been used in opposition to royal crowns; they are typical of Italian medieval and modern Communes. A mural crowned lady, Italia Turrita, is a symbol of Italy. In Italy, communes have a mural crown on their coat of arms, golden and with five towers for cities, silver and nine-towered for the others; also some provinces and military corps use it. The coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic had a mural crown. Most Portuguese (and Brazilian) municipal coats of arms contain a mural crown, with three towers signifying a village, four towers representing a town, and five towers standing for a city. Similarly, the Romanian municipal coats of arms contain a mural crown, with one or three towers for villages and communes, five and seven towers for towns and municipalities.
After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of World War I, the single-headed eagle of the coat of arms of Republic of Austria began to wear a mural in the place of the former royal Austrian and Hungarian crowns that adorned the double-headed eagle of former coat of arms.
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- Photo Project Rubric based on the New York State Learning Standards for the Arts
- Basic Rubric For Grading Artwork
- Still-life Rubric
The purpose of a critique is to help you make better images. In the process you gain an understand of how your peers perceive your work. It is also a great opportunity to practice your visual literacy skills.
- General Group Critique Outline: The teacher or intern will act as the facilitator.
- One Minute: Presenter (Student):
- The presenter will speak briefly and introduce their work in a few sentences. The presenter should be clear about his/her needs, for example, does the presenter want general or specific feedback.
- Thirty Seconds: Each Group Member Should…
- Speak about the elements and principles of art as they relate to the work. Speak of the technical quality of the work. For example, what are your thoughts/comments about exposure, background, color, tone, focus and composition. Can the image benefit from improvement in those areas?
- Speak of the social relevance or impact of the work. Is there a theme or story that ties the images together? For example; does the image tell you anything new about the world we live in?
Below are some general articles related to photo critiques.
Below are some general articles related to artist statements
Writing Style Guides: List of additional styles
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Creative Resources for Teachers Celebrating Black History Month
From educational hip-hop to kid-friendly newspapers, here are some ways for teachers to incorporate and honor Black History Month in their lessons—beyond covering Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech once again.
1. Hit the theaters.
The movie "Hidden Figures" tells the untold true stories of three African-American female mathematicians. Katherine G. Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Johnson were among several black female mathematicians who made significant contributions to NASA's space program during the 1960s, despite race and gender barriers.
Teachers should place an added emphasis on historical black women because they are often marginalized during the celebration of black history, said Donnesha A. Blake, who teaches Black Women's Studies at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Teachers can use Scholastic's interactive space-exploration timeline to highlight the achievements of Mae Jemison, the first black female astronaut, and the Center for the History of Physics' lesson plan and reference guide, "When Computers Wore Skirts," to teach students about race and gender breakthroughs achieved by brilliant African-American women.
The National Society of Black Engineers also recently launched a nationwide campaign titled #BlackSTEMLikeMe, which aims to encourage black students and STEM professionals to share their personal stories to highlight contributions by black men and women in the field, and to show black students that they can pursue a future in STEM. Teachers can help their students share their STEM stories and photos, which will be shared through the campaign.
2. Music videos can be educational.
Last February, special education teacher Gary Hamilton wrote for Education Week Teacher about incorporating contemporary culture in the classroom for Black History Month. Hamilton explained that pop culture and music can be a powerful way to get students thinking critically through real-life applications. Artists like Kendrick Lamar who use their music as a platform on black empowerment can help increase students' awareness, interest, and pride, Hamilton said.
Learning platforms like Flocabulary can be a way to use educational music videos to spark student engagement. Teachers can find free music videos on historical African-American figures and leaders such as Ruby Bridges and Martin Luther King Jr., as well as on historical events such as the passage of the Voting Rights Act and the Selma-to-Montgomery march.
Teachers can also use the music videos' accompanying lesson plans, quizzes, and other activities to help students build off of what they watch and to create their own raps and songs about their aspirations after analyzing King's "I Have a Dream" speech.
3. News for kids, by kids.
The kid-friendly section of TIME Magazine, TIME For Kids, features a special on Black History Month where students can read articles by kid reporters on historical events in black history and on current news about African-American authors and athletes like basketball star Stephen Curry and ballerina Misty Copeland.
Scholastic also has a collection of articles detailing the achievements and contributions of African-Americans to U.S. history, written by student writers who are a part of the Scholastic Kids Press Corps.
4. Use documentaries as starting points for discussion.
Pulling content from documentaries might also help facilitate academic discussions and discourse on social justice issues in U.S. history. The documentary "The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975," for example, provides footage on the anti-war and Black Power movements. The film includes audio interviews from various African-American artists, activists, musicians, and scholars to depict the state of the people, society, culture, and style between the '60s and '70s.
CBS Sports Network will also be airing "The Black 14: Wyoming Football 1969" on Saturday, Feb. 11, which tells the story of African-American football players who were dismissed from the University of Wyoming's football team in 1969 for protesting racial injustices. Teachers may find parallels to current controversial issues concerning race, such as the more recent national-anthem protest that may have reached classrooms. Opening up the classroom to these discussions may help students apply history to the present.
5. Help students learn from art and literature.
The Library of Congress and the National Gallery of Art offer primary sources—that are available online—for teachers looking to share historical artifacts and artwork with their students. Teachers can use historical photographs of child attendees of the March on Washington to discuss its impact on the Civil Rights Movement.
Analysis of complex texts like Beloved by Toni Morrison can offer opportunities to talk about perspectives and identity. The National Council of Teachers of English provides multiple lesson plans on Morrison's book, as well as a guide for teaching racially sensitive literature.
"As educators who build reasoning and analytical skills, illuminate historical experiences, and strengthen empathy across perspectives, our role feels more critical than ever," author and guest opinion blogger Homa S. Tavangar recently wrote for Education Week.
Tavangar added that although incorporating black history should be done throughout the year, adding emphasis during the month of February can help students dig deeper into a significant aspect of American history.
- PBS offers free resources for teachers on topics ranging from the anniversaries of important civil rights milestones to talking about "Stop, Question, and Frisk," a controversial police procedure in New York City, in relation to the ongoing debate on race, justice, and policy.
- The National Education Association and Smithsonian Education each provide their own set of diverse K-12 lesson plans and resources, covering subjects like the Harlem Renaissance, poetry, African-American inventors, and more.
For More on Teaching Black History:
- African-American History Museum Gears Up for School Visits
- Bringing Black History Month to STEM Classes
- 'Fixing' Black History Month
- Black History Isn't Just About February (Opinion)
- Social Justice Isn't the Only Reason to Teach About Race (Opinion)
- To the Educators Who Will Teach My Black Daughter (Opinion)
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Get Order prepared
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FREE ESSAY for inspiration
Mexico City Earthquake
The earthquake in Mexico in 1985 is considered to be one of the most devastating earthquakes in the history of the United States with the magnitude of 8.1 according to the Richter scale (Caron, Kelly and Telesetsky 115). The disaster became famous for causing the heaviest damages for buildings (Towhata 70). The earthquake revealed the flaws in the construction of the buildings, the lack of preventable measures, and the inability of the government to protect and save the citizens. The paper will discuss the nature of earthquakes, the description and consequences of Mexico City Earthquake.
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The earthquake is the result of an abrupt release of energy in a space inside the Earth. The voltage exceeds the environmental resistance of the medium, which in turn leads to a permanent deformation in the hearth, where a discharge of accumulated tension is located. Spasmodically released energy expands beyond the deformed portion in the form of elastic waves. The space inside the Earth, where the release of energy and the deformation occurs, is called the earthquake source. The projection of the surface of the Earth on the hypocenter is called the epicenter of the earthquake. The distance from the hypocenter to the epicenter is the depth of the earthquake source.
Thus, the earthquakes represent tremors and vibrations of the crust of the earth, which are often caused by the tectonic activity. Human and material losses caused by the earthquakes are measured by the degree of damage inflicted to the buildings. There are three types of earthquakes that are caused by different factors: tectonic, volcanic and landslip. Tectonic earthquake is the most occurring and the strongest type of the natural phenomenon. The movement of tectonic plates provokes such earthquakes. The earthquake is a natural phenomenon that cannot be predicted in the majority of instances. Thus, the earthquake can cause huge damage. In fact, it is necessary to obtain the information about the seismic classification of the living area in order to increase the resistance of buildings.
Description of Mexico City Earthquake
Mexico earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean. Actually, an explosion in the tectonic plate caused this natural phenomenon. The main blow fell on the central and northern Mexico regions, where poor people lived. In addition, there were many industrial enterprises in the regions.
In recent decades, Mexico has become one of the most densely populated cities with a population equal to over 18 million people. Thus, any disaster could result in a huge number of human victims. The subsoil can explain the high degree of vulnerability of the city to the earthquake. The lake dried by the Spanish conquistadors was located under the huge masses. Such a situation caused soil liquefaction, which was a consequence of the instability of buildings.
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The power of the earthquake on September 19, 1985 reached 8.1 magnitude on the Richter scale (Caron, Kelly and Telesetsky 115).Moreover, the earthquake was very strong and lasted for a long time. The disaster began, when the majority of the residents were going to work or school. Thus, it was a complete surprise. If the earthquake would begin two hours later, the consequences would be much worse since the institutions, banks, shopping centers, schools and universities would be full of people. The earthquake caused death of about 9,500 people and caused injuries of about 30,000 people (Caron, Kelly and Telesetsky 115). Many people were forced to leave their homes. It is estimated that the quake seriously affected an area of approximately 825,000 square kilometers, caused between 3 and 4 billion U.S. dollars of damage, and was felt by almost 20 million people (Michoacan). The greatest harm was caused to the historic center, which was rich in government offices, colonial monuments, commercial buildings, educational and cultural institutions.
Next night, the city experienced the power of new tremors. The epicenter of the earthquake was located in Michoacan state coastal mountains, and the powerful wave moved to the settlements. The buildings in Colima, Guerra, Michoacan, Morelos and Veracruz were seriously damaged. Huge landslides and rock avalanches descended nearby Jalisco and Colima and damaged the roads significantly. The consequence of the earthquake was the tsunami that caused huge damage to Lazaro Cardenas and Manzanillo. The change of water level in wells and reservoirs was observed even in Texas, New Mexico and Idaho.
Consequences of Mexico City Earthquake
The earthquake of 1985 resulted in the most powerful destruction ever recorded in the history. The earthquake brought the major damage to Mexico City. Local business center and the majority of institutions were greatly damaged. The residents accused the political authorities of the absence of control over the flaws of the construction of buildings. The city grew rapidly. As a result, high-rise buildings that produced an excellent impression were built of materials of poor quality. The earthquake revealed the absence of development plans and deficiencies in the entire construction system.
Another factor that affected the consequences of the earthquake was the attitude of the government to the problems of the citizens. Many victims of the disaster died due to slow rescue response of the government, not because of heavy injuries. The earthquake occurred during the slow economic period. Mexico experienced deep crisis that forced the authorities to act in accordance with the fiscal austerity in order to prevent financial catastrophe. After the earthquake, the government carried on the pre-disaster economic policy. The officials rejected the foreign aid in order to prevent the increase in the national debt. The factory owners intended to save their property, not employees. Such actions persuaded citizens that the government was focused on social and political control, and minimizing the economic loss instead of providing reasonable help to the victims. According to Aridjis, in 1985, people lost their fear of and respect for the government officials, regarding them with mounting distrust (n. p.). Even today, no one can explain the response of the President to the disaster. As a result of the inaction of the authorities, civil society lost trust and fear of the corrupt officials. The lack of governmental attention to the needs of citizens forced the population to take active participation in the recovery.
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Heavy equipment was used to clear the blockages. Field hospitals were developed for providing the first aid for the people from destroyed buildings and affected areas. The trained dogs provided invaluable assistance as they were able to find hundreds of people. Saragoza, de Haro, and Guzman state that the earthquake presented not only the flaws of the construction and building codes, but also the unpreparedness of the Mexican government (222). Instead, the disaster revealed the focus of the authorities on aiding business.
Another important consideration that seriously aggravated the situation was the fact that Mexico City was built on the territory of partially dried and partially backfilled Lake Texcoco. Apart from the unreliability of the soil, saving people and restoration of the city was challenging because the city was located at the bottom of a huge bowl that did not allow the dust to dissipate quickly. People dealt with the flooding caused by the torrential rains that represented the source of aftershocks that continued for months. In addition, during the development of the territory, the features of location of the city were not carefully considered. The territory of the city is surrounded by the mountains of volcanic origin. Therefore, the territory of Mexico City is a seismic hazard, and this fact should be taken into account. Loose soils, different density of layers and poor design of individual buildings played a crucial role in the disastrous consequences. When the seismic waves reached the city, the individual phases of the waves intensified because of the structural features of the surface layers and the physical properties of the soil.
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Such a situation presented the necessity to study the seismic areas of the world and take them into consideration during the construction of the cities. The key factors in increasing the resiliency of the city consist in understanding the vulnerability and eliminating the disaster risks. The partnership of government and civil society is crucial for efficient readiness and quick response in case of disaster. The Mexico City earthquake has changed the dynamics of relationship between the authority and the community. The system of citizen participation should remain a fundamental part of disaster planning.
Earthquakes present a serious threat to humanity due to the volume of damage and the lack of tools and techniques for prediction. Mexico City Earthquake is an example of tectonic earthquakes. In fact, it was unexpected and caused a serious damage not only to the city but also to the neighboring areas. This earthquake destroyed the lives of thousands of people, forced people to leave homes, and destroyed a huge number of historical, business and cultural buildings. The earthquake shows the imperfection of the government, the power of the unity among people, and the need for a deep study of tectonic areas in the world. Moreover, the consequences brought by the earthquake showed people that the quality of the building is the priority as many losses could be prevented by paying attention to the construction of building.
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Researchers never rest. You can make this conclusion by walking through the university’s corridors in the summer months. Work is brewing at SEC Nanotechnologies at South Ural State University no matter the time of year.
Dmitriy Zherebtsov, senior researcher of the Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry of Materials, engineer of the SEC Nanotechnologies, told us that SUSU’S group of chemists is searching for new crystallized forms of carbon.
What is a vat dye?
For around a year now a new direction tied to researching methods for obtaining new carbon and organic materials has been developing at the Science and Education Center Nanotechnology. Such materials can be obtained from vat dyes, with which society has long been dying textiles and plastics, and also can be used for inkjet and laser printers.
“Vat dyes are interesting in that their molecules look like flat sections of graphene, which consists of interconnected hexagons, of which there can be from 6 to 12. From them, we can obtain new chemical substances which are still unknown to modern science,” says Dmitriy Anatolyevich.
Up until now, only 3 crystalline forms of carbon are known: diamond, graphite, and, just recently joining them – fullerene. All of its other forms are non-crystalline x-ray amorphous substances. For example, soot, glass carbon, and nanotubes. These substances do not have Long-range three-dimensional order in atom alignment.
One of the areas in which Dmitriy Zherebtsov and his colleagues are working is in the formation of polymeric organic crystals based on vat dyes, which turn into carbon under firing and will have a crystal lattice for the resulting organic crystals different from that of diamond or graphite.
“Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 and nanotubes in 1991 – both of these discoveries gave chemistry a huge push forward. We set a high bar for ourselves – discover a new class of carbon materials. They must be in the same row with the class of diamonds, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes. We call them ‘a new class of crystalline forms of carbon.’ There has not yet been a publication in the world on this topic, so if we are successful, we have a good chance to beat our foreign colleagues,” says Dmitriy Anatolyevich.
This year, the university is bringing together 12 postdocs from all around the world for the development of the university’s priority areas of work. Dmitriy’s team had the chance to invite a young PhD from India with high ratings – Sakthi Dharan.
“Thanks to the SUSU Office of International Partnership and help from a large international recruiting agency, in literally 10 days we had more than 10 applications. We chose one researcher from India. In September he will already begin working at SUSU for 2 years,” explains Dmitriy Zherebtsov.
The international colleague will help our researchers synthesize a new class of crystalline forms of carbon and a class of highly-active aromatic substances. No, this is not perfume, but a serious organic chemical. It’s just that molecularly-interconnected hexagons in carbon rings are called aromatic systems.
The new aromatic materials will have unique physical characteristics – good electrical conductivity, relatively high magnetic susceptibility, the ability to absorb light, and generation of an electron-hole pair. These characteristics will depend on the orientation of the crystal. In the future, they could be used in various sensors and instruments, liquid crystal devices, and in solar energy.
Nanofilters for the navy
One of the crystalline forms of organic polymers that Dmitriy and Sakthi Dharan will research is Covalent organic frameworks (COF), which are a popular area in chemistry over the last 15 years. The idea of this is that something forms which is similar to a layered crystal of graphite in qhich the corners of cells are formed not by single atoms of carbon but by a collective from many atoms – aromatic molecules. The difficult task researchers must complete is to choose particular molecules to obtain COF which save under calcination their intact carbon skeleton. From this crystal it will be possible to peel off single layers just like peeling graphite layer. However, not a single molecule can penetrate a graphene sheet.
“If we create a new crystal with a certain pore size in layers, then all smaller molecules – for example, water – can get through these pores. Larger molecules simply will not pass through. This means that various viruses will not be able to pass through this filter. We get something like film membrane technologies which have been known for a long time, but such things have never been created on the nano level in single-layer carbon films.”
Nanofilters can reduce the size and mass of air cleaning and salt water desalination plants, which exist in many coastal cities, aircraft carriers, and submarines, by 100-1000 times.
South Ural region researchers have already applied for a joint grant with Taiwan and have completed 22 preliminary experiments, thanks to which they saw new issues and planned new approaches to solve them. For example, to create a crystalline material you need to firmly secure molecules in crystals, and sew them together in the hard state so that under heat, decomposing into carbon, the don’t lose their order, but instead save the structure of the original crystal.
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Food businesses in Canada are required to have a Food Safety Plan, which is a set of written procedures that help to eliminate, prevent or reduce food safety hazards that can cause your customer to become ill or injured. Your Food Safety Plan also helps to protect your business from:
- the financial and legal consequences of causing food poisoning or a food-borne illness outbreak
- the financial and legal consequences of causing a severe allergic reaction from improperly handling food allergens
- losing customers as a result of a reputation for unsafe food handling or unhygienic premises
Food Safety Plans are based on the seven principles of HACCP.
What is HACCP?
‘HACCP’, which stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, is a systematic and preventative system developed in the 1960s by NASA and a group of food safety specialists. Considering that each astronaut on Apollo 11 — the first manned mission to land on the moon — had only 73 cubic feet of space (roughly 4' x 4' x 4') and no toilets, a system was required to prevent the astronauts from contracting a food-borne illness while in orbit.
Today, HACCP principles form the basis of Food Safety Plans worldwide. HACCP is applied to processes throughout every stage of the food supply chain, including production, preparation, packaging and distribution, and is used to manage food safety across many types of food businesses.
What are the seven principles of HACCP?
Think of HACCP principles as the steps you need to take to manage and control food safety risks in your business.
The seven principles of HACCP are:
- Conduct a Hazard Analysis
- Identify Critical Control Points
- Establish Critical Limits
- Monitor Critical Control Points
- Establish Corrective Actions
- Establish Record Keeping Procedures
- Establish Verification Procedures
1. Conduct a hazard analysis
The first step in any Food Safety Plan (or HACCP Plan) is to identify all possible food safety hazards that could occur in your business. First, consider your processes. These might include:
- receiving goods
- cooking food
- serving food
- waste disposal
Next, consider the food safety hazards that could occur during each of these processes. A food safety hazard is anything that causes food to become contaminated (and therefore harmful or unsafe). There are three types of food contamination:
- biological contamination (e.g. bacteria, viruses)
- physical contamination (e.g. pieces of broken glass, metal staples)
- chemical contamination (e.g. detergent, sanitizer)
Once you have identified all the potential hazards in your business, categorize them as biological, physical or chemical.
2. Identify critical control points (CCPs)
Now that you have identified all your food safety hazards, you need to identify critical control points (CCPs). CCPs are the steps in your process where a control measure is applied and is essential to prevent, eliminate or reduce a hazard or hazards to an acceptable level.
Identifying CCPs will help you to reduce the risk of food-borne illness in your business by helping you to prevent the growth of dangerous bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as to prevent cross-contamination between different types of food, which can trigger life-threatening allergic reactions in some customers.
Some examples of CCPs could be:
- the sign-off step when receiving deliveries
- checking the temperature of food before serving
- cooking food to a specific temperature
It is important to remember that there is no generic template that can be used to identify the CCPs in your food business. Many factors, such as the physical layout of your business, your equipment, the ingredients you use and your processes, make your business (and its food safety hazards) unique. Even facilities that process or prepare similar foods won't necessarily identify the same hazards or CCPs.
3. Establish critical limits
A critical limit is the maximum or minimum value to which a food safety hazard (biological, chemical or physical) must be controlled to prevent, eliminate or reduce the hazard to an acceptable level. Each CCP must have one or more critical limits for each hazard.
Critical limits are generally concerned with parameters that are measurable with equipment or can be answered with a yes or no answer, such as:
- best before or expiry dates
Critical limits must be assigned an actual value (e.g. high-risk foods must be cooked to a minimum internal temperature of 74°C/165°F*). Determining or assigning actual values to critical limits can be challenging, as there is such a wide variety of hazards, each with different acceptable values.
In some cases, you may need to conduct tests or obtain information from outside sources (e.g. regulatory guidelines, expert opinions) to get the information you need. If information is not available, make a judgement call — be sure to err on the side of caution, and keep your reasons for making the decision and any reference materials you used in your Food Safety Plan.
*Cooking high-risk foods to an internal temperature of 74°C/165°F is a general rule, but different types of high-risk foods have different minimum cooking temperatures (and these can vary from province to province). If you are unsure about the minimum cooking temperature of a particular high-risk food (e.g. beef, pork, poultry, eggs), refer to your local legislation.
4. Monitor critical control points (CCPs)
Monitoring must be done to ensure that food remains within the critical limits determined at each critical control point. Put simply, monitoring means checking that food is safe.
Monitoring techniques can be broken down into four different categories:
- observation monitoring (e.g. checking cleaning schedules, monitoring delivery checklists)
- sensory monitoring (using taste, smell, touch and/or sight to check whether food is within critical limits)
- chemical monitoring (e.g. checking acidity levels, conducting a nutritional analysis)
- physical monitoring (e.g. checking food temperature, pressure, weight, etc.)
The best way to make sure (and verify) that monitoring is being done regularly is by using checklists and other documentation to record results.
5. Establish corrective actions
Corrective actions are the actions that must be taken if a deviation from an acceptable critical limit occurs. These are either immediate or preventative.
An immediate corrective action is stopping a breach that is happening now. For example:
- throwing out contaminated food
- rejecting a food delivery with signs of pest infestation
- refrigerating food to keep it out of the Temperature Danger Zone (4°C–60°C/40°F–140°F*)
A preventative corrective action is stopping a breach from occurring in the future. For example:
- performing routine maintenance on equipment
- changing work procedures
- training staff to follow food safety best practices
If corrective action must be taken, remember to record and communicate it to the appropriate person (or people) in the business.
*In Manitoba, the Temperature Danger Zone is 5°C–60°C/41°F–140°F.
6. Establish record keeping procedures
Record keeping is essential to the effective operation of your Food Safety Plan and must include an up-to-date hazard analysis and details of any corrective actions that have been taken in your food business.
There are many day-to-day records associated with your Food Safety Plan. For example:
- delivery checklists
- signed-off cleaning schedules
- temperature recordings
- pest inspection results
- staff training records
All employees should know where the Food Safety Plan is located, what they are responsible for doing (e.g. updating cleaning schedules, filling out temperature logs), when they need to do it and who to report issues to. It's common for Health Inspectors to ask for these types of documentation during a health inspection, so be sure to store them in a safe place.
7. Establish verification procedures
Developing your Food Safety Plan is only the first step towards food safety; consider your first draft (and each new version) a blueprint that requires real-world testing, adjusting and tweaking. A Food Safety Plan is a “living document” — it will not and should not stay exactly the same.
Perform an audit of your Food Safety Plan at least once a year to verify that it is working as expected, and to identify opportunities to improve it. Once you have identified these opportunities (and you will), adjust your Food Safety Plan and implement the necessary changes.
There are several methods that food businesses use to seek out information, including:
- internal inspections
- external audits
- employee feedback
For each audit, ask yourself the following questions:
- Have we added any new products/dishes or changed any recipes?
- Have we changed any processes or food preparation steps?
- Have there been any changes to food safety laws or regulations that will impact operations?
- Are there any patterns in the records that point to an opportunity to improve?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, you need to update your Food Safety Plan.
Find out more
To find out more about HACCP and the seven principles of HACCP, download the CIFS Guide to Understanding HACCP Principles.
The CIFS Food Handler Certification Course provides a broader understanding of what a Food Safety Plan requires, and can help you and your staff to easily implement and follow a Food Safety Plan for your business.
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Food-related illness, such as food poisoning, can be serious in pregnancy. You can cut down the risk by following some easy tips when you're making meals and snacks.
Quick checklist to help you stay safe around food
- Always wash your hands with soap and water before handling food, whether you're preparing it or eating it.
- If you are preparing food wash your hands after blowing your nose, helping young children blow their nose, going to the toilet, or handling pets.
- Keep all pets away from your food.
- Wash all fruit and vegetables thoroughly, including packaged salad
- Use a separate chopping board to prepare raw meat.
- Wash your hands and all surfaces and utensils carefully after preparing raw meat.
- Keep raw and cooked food separate in your fridge. Put raw meat at the bottom of the fridge so that it can't drip onto cooked food.
- Make sure you cook raw chicken thoroughly to kill any bacteria that could cause food poisoning.
- Heat leftover food until it's piping hot.
- Only reheat food once.
- Allow food to defrost completely before cooking it, unless the instructions on the pack tell you to cook it from frozen.
- Check the 'use by' dates on food packs to make sure the food is safe to eat.
- Keep your fridge temperature at between 0˚C and 5˚C. It's a good idea to use a fridge thermometer to be sure.
- Avoid nibbling on food that's been sitting around at room temperature for a long time (at a buffet, for instance), as bacteria can grow quickly and could make you ill.
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This week's mental health article is on Personality Disorders. While many disorders, such as depression and anxiety-related illnesses, vacillate in symptom presence and intensity, people with a personality disorder have a more permanent, characterological disorder that defines who they are and how they see themselves, others, and the world around them. Read on to learn the three distinct areas that make this group of disorders different and the criteria used to diagnose them.
Please visit MentalHealth.bellaonline.com for even more great content about Mental Health.
To participate in free, fun online discussions, this site has a community forum all about Mental Health located here -
I hope to hear from you sometime soon, either in the forum or in response to this email message. I appreciate your feedback!
Have fun passing this message along to family and friends, because we all love free knowledge!
Dr. Ilyssa Hershey, Mental Health Editor
One of hundreds of sites at BellaOnline.com
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Absent fatherhood in South Africa has been on the rise since 1996, when only about half (49 percent) of fathers were reported to be present in the lives of their children. On the African continent, only Namibia has a higher rate of absent fathers. Only 37 percent of fathers in South Africa were present in the lives of their children in 2015, according to data released by the government study “Statistics South Africa.” As a result of this high rate of absent fatherhood, women are bearing the brunt of raising children, and children are growing up without the positive influence of another caregiver.
Why Are So Many Fathers Absent?
The causes of this absence have been largely linked to historical factors of apartheid and migrant labor, which led to the separation of many men from their families. However, cultural norms, HIV and AIDS, high divorce rates, statutory removal of children because of child abuse and neglect, and child abandonment have also contributed to high rates of absent fatherhood. Additionally, in certain cases fathers believe that supporting their children financially is sufficient, seemingly ignorant of the importance of men being directly involved in caring for their children.
Why Do Children Need Involved Fathers?
All children can benefit from having multiple, loving parents or caregivers in their lives—whether they be mothers, fathers, or others. Fathers’ presence in their children’s lives is important for many reasons, and fathers can be involved in a variety of ways.
Being present does not only mean physical co-residence or financial support; it also entails f athe r s ’ emot iona l involvement—giving love, affection, and support. Even if they do not live in the same household, fathers can play a meaningful role in their children’s lives by providing emotional connection and by being involved in their children’s care in nonfinancial ways.
Research shows that fathers’ positive presence contributes to children’s cognitive development, intellectual functioning, and school achievement. Children growing up with fathers who are positively involved are less likely to experience depression, fear, and self-doubt. When fathers are positively involved, boys are less likely to search for alternative sources of masculine identification and validation like gangs, and girls are more likely to develop higher self-esteem and less likely to experience unwanted sex. Further, when fathers play an active role in caregiving, it also improves women’s health—especially maternal health—and promotes women’s economic equality.
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عنوان مقاله [English]
Ever since the Iranian revolution of 1979 relations between Iran and Britain have remained volatile and have suffered from tension, instability and upheavals. Neither reconciliation, nor normalization, has been achieved between the two sides. While Iran's relations with the United States were predictably hostile, Tehran's ties with London could have been expected, at least by the end of the first tempests of the revolution, to be better and more stable. Why did Iran's relations with Britain deteriorate from the beginning, as distinct from other West European countries? What were the origins of Iran's resentment towards Britain? Which forces were behind the hostility between them? What are the prospects for future relations between these two countries? These are but a few questions, the answers for which can be explored by this paper.
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Please note: If you would like to copy the following text information and use it on your website, please contact it's author, Terra Sinclair, for permission. In most cases I will let you use the info as long as you provide a text credit and a link to my website. Thanks!
The marble pattern is the result of a recessive gene. Two marble cats will always produce marble kittens. Two marbles bred together cannot produce spotted kittens. Spotted cats can carry the marble gene recessively though. This means that two spotted cats can sometimes produce marble kittens. To do this though, both spotted parents must carry one marble gene.
You cannot usually tell if a spotted cat carries recessively for marble. One way to tell for sure is if the spotted cat has one marble parent. Because a marble can only pass the marble gene, you know for a certainty that it's spotted kitten has one copy of the marble gene and one copy of the spotted gene. Another way to tell is if you breed a spotted cat either to a marble or another spotted, if marble kittens result, you know that your spotted carries for marble.
Remember, if you want all marble kittens all of the time, breed two marbles together.
The marble pattern goes through an amazing transformation from birth through the first year. When a marble kitten is born, the pattern is very closed up. As the kitten matures, the pattern slowly opens to reveal the hidden prize! The pictures below show an example of a marble kitten at birth and the same marble cat at adulthood. Notice the rich color and open pattern on the adult compared to the kitten picture.
"Leo" as a kitten (photo courtesy of Nicole Hansen, Bellagio Bengals
"Leo" as an adult (Photo courtesy of Niclose Hansen, Bellagio Bengals)
Interestingly, there are bengals that are popping up that seem to fit neither the spotted category or the marble category because they have such a funky pattern that contains blotches that are somewhat swirled. These cats are genetically a marble (the majority) OR a spotted, but they are very hard to classify because they LOOK like a combo of both, even though they are genetically NOT a combo of both. (see pictures below). Breeders are unofficially calling these cats "Sparble" which is a combination of the word spotted and the word marble.
"Indian Paintbrush" a sparble bengal, bred and owned by Sarah Childers of AJA Bengals
"Indian Paintbrush" this marble could be confused for a spotted.
"Indian Paintbrush" has a funky marble pattern that is hard to classify.
There are two types of marbles. The is the regular two toned marble that has the background color and the pattern color. Then there is the tri-colored marble. Tri colored marbles have rosetting to their pattern. In the tri-color the third color outlines the pattern.Look at the pictures below to see examples of a tri-colored marble.
Some marbles also display some rosetted like that of the spotted. Usually the rosetted spots will be located near the cat's hindquarters where the pattern has broken away from the marble pattern into large rosetted spots (see photo example below). Even though these cats have some rosetted spots, they are still genetically marbles.
"Stormy", Tri- colored marble
Rosettes on the hindquarters of a marble bengal. (Photo courtesy on Nicole Hansen, Bellagio Bengals)
Like the spotted, the pattern of a marble should be horizontally aligned. The pattern should stretch and swirl across the cat, making it look like an ocelot or a clouded leopard. To me it should look like lighting or a maze the starts from the front of the cat and moves to the back of the cat. This makes the marble pattern look truly wild. In the first picture below, this cat has some vertical pattern right behind the front leg but the rest of the pattern is horizontally aligned.
The domestic cat carries the "classic" tabby pattern which looks like a bullseye or a jelly roll. In a bengal, the bullseye pattern is not desirable. A vertical pattern in a bengal is also not desirable. The cat in the first picture below has no bullseye. The second cat is a classic tabby (not bengal) and has the very domestic "bullseye" pattern. By looking at the pictures, you can see a clear difference between a good marble pattern on a bengal and a non- bengal classic tabby pattern. Because some of the bengal pattern is influenced by the domestic cat, sometimes marble bengals will not have the best marble pattern, but when you get a marble with a lot of the wild horizontally flowing influence to the pattern, you will get a truly spectacular cat!
horozontally flowing pattern with no "bullseye"
Classic Tabby Pattern. This cat is not a marble bengal
Even though the marble gene in bengals originated in domestic cats, it is not unheard of for the marble pattern to be see on wild cats. The picture below shows a rare cheetah that has the recessive marble type of gene.
These cheetah are very rare. There are only 10 in captivity and 60 in the wild.
rare cheeth with a recessive marble type pattern
Marble bengal patterns are starting to look more and more like thier wild cousins!
We can see how the marble bengal can look wild and exotic. Many people think that only the spotted bengal can look wild, until they see a really nice marble bengal. I get just as many compliments on my marble bengals as I do on my spotted ones. People are amazed at what marble bengals look like.
At one point, I was focusing only on the spotted bengal. But thanks to some bengal breeders who are breeding truly amazing, cutting edge marbles, I think that marbles are just as beautiful as the spotted and have changed my focus. The marble pattern is rather new to our cattery but we are very pleased to be breeding them now.
We plan on documenting the changing pattern of our marbles from birth to hopefully adulthood. If you buy a marble bengal from us, please be sure to update us with pictures so we can be aware of how our marble program is progressing.
NOTE: As of 12/30/2014 I have a new email address. Please contact me at new email address above. Thank you.
(PLEASE NOTE: Te easiest and fastest way to get in contact with me is either through email, or through texting my cell phone, or both. I don't answer my phone very often so if you call and I don't answer or call you back, please try emailing me or texting me. Thank you.)
Sacramento CA, 95835
All the contents of this website are copyright of Pocket Leopards Bengals and Terra Sinclair, and are not to be used or copied without express written consent of Terra Sinclair.
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Permitted Context: %text
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The anchor <A> element is used to define the start
and/or destination of a hypertext link. In previous versions of HTML it provided
the only means for defining destination anchors within documents, but you
can now use any ID attribute as a destination anchor so that
links can now be made to divisions, paragraphs and most other elements.
The <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Organization</A>
provides information on Web related standards, mailing lists
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The text between the start and end tag defines the label for the link.
Selecting the link takes the reader to the document specified by the HREF
attribute, in this case, the W3O home page. The label can include
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For FIG elements, the anchor element
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links or for naming particular elements in associated style sheets.
Identifiers are NAME tokens and must be unique within the scope of the
current document. This attribute supercedes the "NAME" attribute, see
For example, the following paragraph is defined as an anchor named
<P ID="potomac">The Potomac river flows into Boston harbour,
and played an important role in opening up the hinterland
to early settlers...
Elsewhere, you can define a link to this paragraph, as follows:
<A HREF="#potomac">Boston</A> is a historic city and
a thriving center of commerce and higher education.
The reader can select the link labelled "Boston" to see further
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of the Boston area.
The <A NAME="potomac">Potomac river</A> flows into Boston
Note: the NAME attribute has been superceded by the ID
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figure. Note the syntax is tolerant of repeated white space characters
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specified with the HREF attribute. It can be used for object types that
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- This defines a reverse relationship. A link from document A
to document B with REV=relation expresses the same relationship
as a link from B to A with REL=relation. REV=made is sometimes
used to identify the document author, either the author's email address
with a mailto URI, or a link to the author's home page. Tables
of contents can use anchors with REV="ToC" to allow software to insert
page numbers when printing hypertext documents. The plain text version
of this specification was generated in this way!
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Surviving Those Scholarship Interviews!
Students practice interviewing skills. It is particularly geared toward those students facing competitive scholarship interviews.
5 Views 6 Downloads
New Review Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man in the Spotlight
Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man is the most frequently cited novel for the Advanced Placement Literature and Composition Open Response Question. Those new to using the book and and veterans as well will find the teaching strategies, the...
11th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
Lesson: Collect Oral Histories About the Genocide in Guatemala
Begin this powerful study on the Guatemalan genocide with a nine-minute video clip, which can be easily found online. The excerpt introduces the class to this tragedy through a personal account, which is what they will be collecting....
7th - Higher Ed English Language Arts CCSS: Designed
A Curriculum for Digital Media Creation
Consumer technology has made it possible for filmmakers to create entire movies from the comfort of their home computer. Guide high school film buffs through the process of designing a documentary with an extensive unit published by...
9th - 12th English Language Arts CCSS: Adaptable
The Life and Times of a First Generation College Student
What is it like to be the first person in your family to attend a four-year college? Learners interview a first-generation college student and write a biographical essay. They read a case study, develop interview questions, conduct an...
9th - 12th English Language Arts
Studying "To Build A Fire" by Jack London
Your advanced middle school and high school readers explore plot structure by analyzing a classic Jack London story "To Build a Fire." Class members identify setting, characters, and plot. They participate in a discussion about the...
6th - 9th Visual & Performing Arts
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Five Green and Speckled Frogs is a spring-time favorite! Use this versatile counting song for various activities, including counting, subtraction, drum technique, and simple rhythm practice.
In this resource, we have included two versions of the five-slide presentation. The first is lyrics only with bolded words for counting/subtracting. The second includes a simple rhythmic notation for the counting words. Additionally, we have suggested this resource for use playing high and low tones on drums. Our explanation for that particular activity is also included.
If you are looking for other simple percussion activities, please check out our other free percussion resource, In the Apple Tree
. Additionally, if you like the little frogs, you can see them again in our ebook Nighttime in the Meadow
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Virginia is one of the most beautiful and historically important states in the nation. If you’ve ever been to the area, you might wonder why there are so many mosquitos in Virginia. Throughout Virginia and Washington DC, there are several types of mosquitos, including the dreaded Asian Tiger mosquito.
Over the years, it seems as though the mosquito population in Virginia and the DC area is growing out of control, becoming not just a nuisance, but also a public health concern.
Why are Asian Tiger mosquitos so prevalent in Virginia and the DC area? There are several factors contributing to this growing problem.
Since their introduction to the US back in the 1980s, the Asian Tiger has become the most invasive and aggressive mosquito in the country. Unlike “traditional” mosquitos, which mainly attack in the morning or at dusk, the Asian Tiger will bite anyone at any time. Because of its aggressiveness and power, the Asian Tiger has beaten out less dominant mosquito species, causing a boom in its population.
Studies have shown that because average temperatures are slowly rising each year across the nation, mosquitos are moving further north. Also, because of higher temperatures, mosquitos are living longer and prolonging their winter hibernation.
Mosquitos like Virginia is because of the area’s natural geography, climate, and population. Because temperatures in Virginia don’t stay freezing for more than a day or two (usually), dormant mosquitos and their eggs don’t get damaged. Additionally, there are several bodies of water and wooded areas in Virginia, offering prime breeding grounds for all types of mosquitos.
Mosquitos love Virginia and DC because there are many people. More people means more food, places to live, and chances to breed. Asian Tiger Mosquitos love breeding in small places, like trash and litter. Additionally, the truck-mounted insecticide sprayers traditionally used for mosquito control only kill the mosquitos that are in flight. Because the Asian tiger mosquitoes fly very little, mobile spray programs aren’t effective (DC Mosquito Squad sprays the foliage, where Asian Tigers mostly live).
What You Can Do
Despite Virginia becoming heavily burdened with Asian Tiger mosquitos, you can still play your part in limiting their spread. Keep pools and wheelbarrows covered, and turn over or remove any objects that can hold water, especially toys and trashcans. If you use rain barrels to harvest water, consider using Mosquito Dunks, which kills mosquito larvae but is harmless to humans.
Also, make sure you remove any debris and yard waste, as mosquitos love to make their nest and hibernate in leaves, trash, and other “cozy” spaces.
No matter the type of mosquito, even the fearsome Asian Tiger, DC Mosquito Squad is equipped with the power to eliminate over 95 percent of mosquitos, ticks, or stink bugs from your yard with our highly effective barrier spray.
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CC-MAIN-2021-17
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https://www.mosquitosquad.com/greater-dc/about-us/blog/2014/december/why-there-are-so-many-mosquitoes-in-virginia-/
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Fort Cormantin on the Gold Coast, present day Ghana, was built by the English
in 1638 and was the largest English fortification on the coast before the Dutch, under the
famous Admiral de Ruyters, captured it in 1665. The Dutch renamed it Fort Amsterdam
although it continued to be referred to by its former name. Fort Cormantin was among the
first European constructions on the Gold Coast to incorporate a slave hold. The image is
of a view of Fort Cormantin from the sea with several vessels under surveillance. It is
reproduced courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.
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Medal - Ferdinand von Mueller of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1902 (AD)
Mint: not recorded
Other Details: Mueller Medal awarded issued by the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. The Mueller Medal was established in 1902 by the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science (later the Australian & New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science - ANZAAS), in memory of Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Victorian Government Botanist from 1852 until 1884, the Director of the Botanical Gardens from 1857 to 1873, and arguably Australia's leading 19th century scientist. The medal was first awarded in 1904, to Victorian naturalist A.W. Howitt. The medal is today awarded for researches in anthropology, botany, geology or zoology.
The medal was designed by Walter Baldwin Spencer, professor of biology at the University of Melbourne and director of the National Museum of Victoria. Spencer had been instrumental in creating the award to honour Mueller, who had died in 1896.
A bronze plaque (55 * 70 mm) featuring von Mueller seated at a desk studying a spray of acacia and leafing through a book; a waratah on the reverse.
Von Mueller sitting at desk, books open and holding a plant; above, FERDINAND VON MUELLER; below incuse, AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC FOR THE / ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE; TJ in field lower left
Waratah at left; above, FOR RESEARCHES; on right IN / NATURAL / SCIENCE A plaque is provided at the bottom for engraving a winner's name
Obverse: FERDINAND VON MUELLER AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE TJ in field lower left Reverse: FOR RESEARCHES IN NATURAL SCIENCE Edge stamped : BRONZE
Type of item
55 mm (Width), 69 mm (Height)
Weight > 100 g
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https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/items/55319
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| 0.863087
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How can we help?
Learn everything about VoIP with our VoIP FAQ
How does VoIP work?
When a call is placed with VoIP, voice is transformed into electrical signals and then converted into binary through a codec software. The binary data is further broken down into “packets” by your operating system. Your computer sends these packets to another computer through the IP network, where they are processed by another codec software and transformed back into voice for the person on the other end of the line.
If the VoIP call is placed to a cell or landline number (and not a computer), it goes through a private telephony platform like Twilio or Voxbone. These platforms convert the signal so it can be sent to a regular phone line.
Read more about VOIP
- How VoIP Works, and Why it’s Better for Your Business
The science behind VoIP is complex, but we at Aircall want to help you gain a better understanding of how it works, and why it makes sense to use VoIP technology for your business phone.
- Softphone Solutions for Businesses: Types and Advantages
Softphones eliminate the need for physical desk phones or an office setting. Cloud-based softphone solutions provide productivity and cost-saving benefits.
- What Every Business Should Understand About VoIP Security
We answer some of the biggest security risks involved in using VoIP technology and find out what you can do to protect your business from attack.
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CC-MAIN-2022-40
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https://aircall.io/faq/voip/basic/how-does-voip-work/
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| 0.914551
| 307
| 2.515625
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If you think it’s too late for you to become a billionaire or mega rich, you are probably wrong.
Let’s say that the average person reading this post is roughly 30 years old. Some of you might be a little younger, some of you might be substantially older. It doesn’t really matter because anyone that is alive and reading this post is physically capable of becoming a billionaire.
That means that you still have a collective 20 years or more to become a billionaire. There’s no rush at all. In fact, rushing might not even be your best move.
A lot of entrepreneurs think that if they hit age 30, 40, 50 or higher that they are beyond the curve and don’t have much of a chance of traditional success (making a lot of money.) They think that they need to be mega rich in their 20s or 30s to have any chance.
Warren Buffet became a billionaire at age 56. George Lucas became a billionaire at age 52. A random sampling of billionaires showed that the vast majority became billionaires well into their 40s, only a handful became billionaires any younger than that. Many of them were in their 50s, 60s, and even 70s by the time they earned their first billion.
It does take hard work and patience. Of the people that became billionaires, it also took them a long time to go from million to billion.
It doesn’t matter if you are young or old, becoming a billionaire is possible at any age.
Take Mark Zuckerberg as an example. Mark earned his first billion at age 23 and was a millionaire at 22. That’s a quick jump from millionaire to billionaire, but it’s the exception, not the rule.
Being younger is not better. In fact, being older might mean that you are closer to becoming a billionaire.
Most people think the exact opposite. They think that if they are older that their opportunity passed them by. That’s not true. In fact, you are probably more likely to become a billionaire sooner if you are a little older than the average reader age of 30.
If you are young, don’t worry, you have plenty of time.
So how do you get to become a billionaire?
I have discovered a lot of interesting things in the billionaires that I’ve studied. One interesting fact is that a lot of billionaires are frugal with money. Warren Buffer lives in the house he bought in the 50s for $31,500 at the time.
I would attribute this to being wise with your money. Instead of spending your first million or even hundred thousand for that matter on outrageous partying, supercars and other things, instead, invest it.
There are countless ways to invest your money to become a millionaire.
A simple investment into something that tracks the S&P 500 done consistently every month, compounded over 20-30 years depending on how much you invest, can easily be worth a million dollars or more in that time frame.
Another option is taking the money in a lump sum and using it to fund or bootstrap your startup idea. There are many ways to come up with great product ideas, and you can always raise additional money to help you along.
Perhaps an obvious step is that you must first become a millionaire before you become a billionaire. Rarely do people jump right from Thousandaire to Billionaire.
A more traditional path is to earn several million, then your company value skyrockets and you are suddenly worth many hundreds of millions and then billions.
What if you have nothing to invest?
The short answer is that if you are living and breathing and able to read this far into the post, then you do have something to invest. Your time. If you don’t think believe me then maybe you need to read this.
Here are a few questions to ask yourself first to figure out how to become a millionaire:
- What’s my risk tolerance: Conservative, middle of the road, aggressive?
- Do I have a great business idea?
- Do I have an established network or do I first need to build one?
- Can I self-fund or bootstrap the business or do I need outside funding?
- Do I truly believe in what I’m doing or do I need to read The Inevitability of Success Mindset?
These are just a few ideas to get you going in the right direction.
Be honest with yourself and don’t suddenly change just for the sake of starting or adjusting your business. If you are an aggressive and optimistic person, don’t convert to conservative all of a sudden. Stay true to who you are and go with that.
And remember that no matter how old or how young you are, it’s never too late. Even if you don’t fit into or are very far from the average age, become the exception, not the rule.
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Aspects of Party Finance and
The concept of party varies widely from north to south, from authoritarian to democratic regimes and from emerging to established democracies. But whatever form political organization takes, there is a common problem: how to find sufficient financial resources to fund the activities the political organizations wish to pursue. Competition between political parties divided on ideological, economic, social, factional or ethnic lines depends on finance, drives up the costs of campaigning and intensifies the search for additional or new income streams.
Money buys the access, favours, skills, goods and services that are essential to effective party activity. As Alexander notes, 'money is instrumental, and its importance lies in the ways it is used by people to try to gain influence, to convert into other resources, or to use in combination with other resources to achieve political power.' 1 Money compensates for a lack of volunteers and serves, in some societies, as a surrogate for individual commitment. In short, money is a transferable and convertible resource which helps mobilize support for, and secures influence with, political parties.
The role of money in politics, especially in funding political parties, has attracted much adverse attention in the past 20 years. Many countries have experienced major scandals involving political parties and the nature, sources and consequences of their financial support. The reform impulse is readily observed around the globe and a wide variety of reforms in political finance have been advocated. Attempts to regulate party finance are not new but the plethora of scandals has focused public and media attention and thereby encouraged political
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com
Publication information: Book title: Party Finance and Political Corruption. Contributors: Robert Williams - Editor. Publisher: Macmillan Company. Place of publication: New York. Publication year: 2000. Page number: 1.
This material is protected by copyright and, with the exception of fair use, may not be further copied, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means.
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<urn:uuid:42e6754f-8dfa-4af3-bfef-1b10683f39cc>
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CC-MAIN-2013-20
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http://www.questia.com/read/99434265/party-finance-and-political-corruption
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| 0.939185
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Assets that a company buys and expects to last more than one year are referred to as fixed assets. These can be things such as office furniture, computers, buildings or company cars. Even though the expectation is that they will last longer than a year, these assets do not last forever. The decline of their useful life is known as depreciation. In accounting, depreciation represents a company expense and can be calculated in two ways -- straight line or accelerated.
Assigning an expected useful life to an asset is the first step in calculating depreciation. GAAP, or Generally Accepted Accounting Principals, assigns expected values to assets that can be used by companies when evaluating their assets. For example, the useful life of a computer is typically three years. Because depreciation shows as an expense on the balance sheet, there must be a contra account to balance out the journal entry. This account is called accumulated depreciation. As an asset depreciates over time, a debit is made to depreciation expense and a credit to accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet.
Calculating depreciation is usually done by either straight line or accelerated methods. The straight-line depreciation method utilizes equal annual amounts of depreciation of the asset. To calculate straight-line depreciation the original cost of the asset minus the salvage value is divided by the useful life. Salvage value is the estimated amount that the asset could be sold for at the end of its useful life. An example of straight-line depreciation is as follows: a computer purchased by a company for $4,000 is expected to last for three years and then sell for $1,000. The calculation of depreciation is $4,000 minus $1,000, which equals $3,000. The $3,000 is divided by three, thus the depreciation per year is $1,000.
In the accelerated depreciation model, assets depreciate at a faster rate during the beginning of their lifetime and slow down near the end of the asset’s life. The total depreciation amount remains the same as straight line, however, the depreciation expense is greater up front. There are many different ways to calculate accelerated depreciation, such as 125 percent declining balance, 150 percent declining balance and 200 percent declining balance, also known as double declining. One of the more common ways is to construct a table of declining yearly values.
Straight-Line vs. Accelerated
Why use one method over the other? The most common reason for using accelerated depreciation is to lessen net income. Showing less income lowers the amount of income tax owed by a company. It is better to take income tax savings earlier in the life of an asset. Straight-line depreciation is easier to calculate and looks better for a company’s financial statements. This is because accelerated depreciation shows less profit in the early years of asset acquisition. Most companies use straight-line depreciation for financial statements and accelerated depreciation for income tax returns. This is permissible under GAAP guidelines.
Adele Burney started her writing career in 2009 when she was a featured writer in "Membership Matters," the magazine for Junior League. She is a finance manager who brings more than 10 years of accounting and finance experience to her online articles. Burney has a degree in organizational communications and a Master of Business Administration from Rollins College.
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|
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is common chronic disease that leads to inflammation of large intestine (colon) which includes characteristic ulcers, bleeding, diarrhea and open sores. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colon is the part of the digestive system where waste material is stored.
If the inflammation occurs,
• In rectum or lower part of colon it is called ulcerative proctitis,
• If the entire colon is affected then it is called as pancolitis,
• If only left side of the colon is affected it is called as distal colitis.
|can you tell me is their any preventive measures for ulcerative colitis? ...|
|hi i am on one tablet of imodium 2mg since 3 months and have ulcerative colitis. ...|
|Hi Doctor I have been diaogniesed with UC on the left colon 6 months back. I am ...|
|I have given Azathioprin 50mg mesacol 800mg predisilon 1 daily (5mg) Pantocid 2 ...|
|I want to know the usage of MESACOL Tablet ...|
|Hi I am suffering from Ulcerative Colitis and am currently on Wysolone 40 and Az ...|
|i am on azoran for ulcerative colitis.i am 39 year old female.how long is it saf ...|
|hello doctor, I was diagnosed colitis four years back and I have been on Sazo 5 ...|
|HI My husband is taking SAZO 1000 mg for ulcerative colitis from past one month ...|
|I have taken azoran from last novemeber I am suffering of ulcerative collites. N ...|
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en
| 0.927075
| 370
| 2.671875
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Is the statement, "There is a Santa Claus" true?
This should be easy enough: Define truth and see if the statement fits the definition.
It is widely held that a statement is true if and only if there is a one-to-one correspondence between the statement and reality. "The cat is on the mat" is a true statement if you can show that there exists a felis catus that is currently supported by a piece of coarse fabric.
Under many common circumstances, however, this kind of truth may not exist. For example, the mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot asked a deceptively simple question: how long is the coast of Britain? The answer depends on how you measure it. You get a much shorter distance if you fly from one end to the other than if you drive a road that follows the island's contours. The road gives a shorter answer than if you walk the edge of the coast. An inchworm that worked its way around every rock on every beach would travel yet a longer distance. In short, as your measuring rod becomes shorter, the coastline becomes longer and there can be no truthful answer to the question: How long is the coast of Britain?
This observation suggests that people's intuitive definition of truth may not necessarily take them where they want to go. That is, an idea may be true but useless, or untrue and useful. Five examples show how this can be the case:
1. Whose love has had a greater effect on the world-the true love of some real but obscure farmers married for fifty years or Romeo and Juliet's fictional love? Whose love has inspired more love? Measured by the effect on others, whose love is more real, the real love or the fictional love?
2. A broken clock is accurate twice a day, as when the clock says it is 1:05 and it is, in fact, 1:05. Although at 1:05 when this clock is true (in that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the broken clock and everybody else's clocks), this clock is useless. On the other hand, a clock that is reliably fast or slow--by minutes or hours--is useful. All you have to do is know how much to add or subtract to what's on the clock to get the correct time.
3. Some of the most important statements in life have an ambiguous relationship with truth. Searle pointed out that there are statements called performatives, such as, "With this ring I thee wed," or "I give you this," that weren't true before you say them, but become true by virtue of your having said them. The use of language in such a case is not to describe an event, but to make it happen.
4. There are nontruths with remarkable characteristics. These statements aren't true when they are said, but become true by virtue of having been said and acted upon. Searle argued, "One of the most remarkable capacities of the human mind is its ability to construct an objective reality of entities that in some sense exist only because we believe them to exist. I am thinking of such things as money, property, marriage, governments, and above all, language."
5. A related category of statements aren't true when said for the first time, but become true in time. The most striking of these include Newton's laws of motion that ignore friction, and the Declaration of Independence's, "We hold these truths to be self evident...." Friction is a dominant feature of matter, and it was anything but self-evident that people have inalienable rights. But today, when people have gone to frictionless outer space and have built nations on such unobvious self-evident truths, these untruths show their truth-value.
This observation is why playwright Eugène-Marin Labiche concluded, "There are times when lying is the most sacred of duties." How so? Goethe believed, "For a man to achieve all that is demanded of him, he must regard himself as greater than he is." The truth is that you may not be up to a difficult task, unless you lie to yourself and convince yourself that you are, in fact, capable of it. Step one is lie to yourself, "I can do this." Step two is to constitute the lie to turn it into a truth.
These stories we tell ourselves (I think I can, I think I can) may not have a one-to-one correspondence with reality (because you wouldn't say it if you really thought you could). Truth, however, has two other definitions: that which independent observers agree upon and that which has a measurable effect.
Because many people agree on what he does, and because he has a measurable effect on the world, this means that, yes, Virginia, there really is a Santa Claus, not in the ontological sense (the way bricks exist) but in the functional sense (the way numbers exist). It also means that some fictional figures have had more influence on real people than many real people have and therefore the fictional figures have greater functional existence.
So what? Our psychological experiences, our psychological existence is often more important to us than our physical experiences and existence. In other words, to quote the poet Muriel Rukeyser, "The universe is made of stories, not atoms."
Mandelbrot, B. 1967. "How Long Is the Coast of Britain? Statistical Self-Similarity and Fractional Dimension." Science. Vol. 156, No. 3775. pp. 636-638.
Searle, J. 1995. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press.
Excerpted from Lasting Contribution: How to Think, Plan, and Act to Accomplish Meaningful Work by Tad Waddington. Find out more at http://www.lastingcontribution.com.
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| 0.965241
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Remarkable advancements in artificial intelligence have made it seem like uncannily human androids are just around the corner. But even though SIRI might be able to tell you a joke, robotics are still pretty clunky. That’s where soft robotics come in.
Researchers at Cornell University published a paper this week that details progress in making a mechanical hand that is much closer to mimicking human’s sense of touch. The hand which has been dubbed, “Gentle Bot” is even capable of determining which of three tomatoes is the ripest.
The emergence of soft lithography and 3-D printing over the last 20 years has allowed robotics experts to more easily fabricate and develop sensors that can be incorporated into soft robotics. Optical waveguides are used to sense changes in light, eliminating the need for heavy materials that conduct electricity to be used in the construction of the hand. Now, only materials that can conduct light are necessary.
The Gentle Bot uses a kind of human hand-shaped balloon that has waveguides built in. Seeker explains the sensory process:
Stretchy optical waveguides containing LEDs are built right into the pneumatic fingers, allowing them to “sense” the surroundings. When the soft fingers mounted on a rigid palm flex, even a tiny bit, that affects how much the light goes into the device. Those changes are measured by a light detector, or photodiode. The internal optical cords act kind of like nerves.
Huichan Zhao, the lead author on the paper, tells NPR:
“Our human hand is not functioning using motors to drive each of the joints; our human hand is soft with a lot of sensors ... on the surface and inside the hand,” she says. “Soft robotics provides a chance to make a soft hand that is more close to a human hand.”
As the tomato test demonstrates, this kind of tech will have applications in manufacturing and menial labour. Some soft robotic grippers are already being used to sort and pack food that is fragile. But the long-term hopes include the creation of prosthetic limbs that are wired to the brain.
Cornell researchers are also looking into integrating their progress with optical waveguides into bio-inspired robots that may explore the universe someday.
This tech still has a long way to go. It may be able to tell which tomato is ripe but it’s still incapable of determining which of those tomatoes is actually made of acrylic. Westworld will have to wait a while. [NPR]
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|White sands walk: Jervis Bay, NSW, Australia|
How important is a constant intercourse with nature and the contemplation of natural phenomena to the preservation of moral and intellectual health! Henry David Thoreau, Journal, 6 May 1851.
Thoreau still speaks eloquently for everyone who feels a need to spend time in the natural environment in order to re-charge their emotional batteries. Recognition of the importance of the natural environment to human happiness now seems to be supported by the findings of social research which show that nature connectedness - identifying with and feeling connected to the natural world – is correlated with happiness. The strength of this relationship is similar to that between happiness and personal income, marital status, volunteering, and personality traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness.
Formal evidence on links between nature connectedness and happiness has only emerged during the last few years. What I write below is based mainly on a meta-analysis by Colin Capaldi, Raelyne Dopko and John Zelenski published in September last year. In order to be included in the meta-analysis, studies had to include at least one explicit, self-report measure of nature connectedness and at least one measure of happiness and report on their relationship. The meta-analysis covered 30 samples, giving a total sample size of 8523. Most samples came from Canada, the U.S. and Europe.
The meta-analysis showed that the strength of the measured relationship between nature connectedness and happiness was influenced by the way these variables were defined and measured. A measure of inclusion of nature in self had a stronger relationship than other measures of connectedness. Vitality was the happiness concept with the strongest relationship to nature connectedness.
The authors note that correlation between nature connectedness and happiness does not necessarily indicate that nature connectedness causes people to be happier. It is possible that causation might run from happiness to nature connectedness or that some third variable might be responsible for the observed correlation.
However, there is fairly clear evidence from another meta-study (by Diana Bowler et al) that exercise in natural environments promotes greater emotional health benefits – in terms of feelings of energy, and less anxiety, anger, fatigue and sadness - than exercise in an artificial environment. There is also evidence that nature connectedness is positively related with time spend outdoors in contact with nature.
It is possible that some part of the correlation between nature connectedness and happiness is associated with feeling connected. Feeling connected to nature might be similar in that respect to feeling connected with the community. The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness is still evident, however, when other connections (e.g. family and culture) are controlled for.
The authors note that the relationship between nature connectedness and some forms of happiness may be adversely affected, to some extent, by a tendency of people who feel connected to nature to be worried about the future of the environment. Such concerns are more likely to dampen positive emotions than eudaimonic measures of happiness because such people are likely to become engaged in pro-environmental behaviours that make their lives seem more meaningful.
There is evidence that feelings of nature connectedness are stronger in some cultures than others and are influenced by early childhood experiences. That suggests to me that causation runs from nature connectedness to happiness, rather than vice versa.
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Edgecombe County, North Carolina Records
Edgecombe County, North Carolina (Map It) was created on 1741 from Bertie County. This county was named for Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe (1680–1758), a Lord High Treasurer and Paymaster-General for Ireland .
Edgecombe County Cities and Towns include Conetoe, Leggett, Macclesfield, Pinetops, Princeville, RockyMount, Sharpsburg, Speed, Tarboro, Whitakers. A Map of Edgecombe County, North Carolina contains detailed information about roads and boundaries, these maps may include rural communities, churches, and cemeteries. There is a collection of old Ohio maps at MapGeeks.org.
Edgecombe County Townships include both numbered and named: 1 (Tarboro), 2 (Lower Conetoe), 3 (Upper Conetoe), 4 (Deep Creek), 5 (Lower Fishing Creek), 6 (Upper Fishing Creek), 7 (Swift Creek), 8 (Sparta), 9 (Otter Creek), 10 (Lower Town Creek), 11 (Walnut Creek), 12 (Rocky Mount), 13 (Cokey), and 14 (Upper Town Creek) . View a Map of Edgecombe County Townships.
Edgecombe County, North Carolina Courthouse Records
Edgecombe County, NC Courthouse
The Edgecombe County Courthouse is located in Tarboro, North Carolina. The Clerk's Office DOES NOT DO RESEARCH. Most staff will assist people in finding the materials, but it is up to the individual to do the research.
The following dates indicates what vital, land, probate, and court records are in Edgecombe county. The date listed for each record is usually the earliest registration filed. The date does not indicate that there are alot records for that year and does not mean that all such events were actually filed with the clerk. Also see the Edgecombe County Records in the North Carolina State Archives. Land records prior to 1759 are among those of Halifax County.
- Edgecombe County Register of Deeds has Birth Records from 1914, Marriage Records from 1760, Death Records from 1914 and Land Records from 1732.
- Edgecombe County Clerk of Court has Probate Records from 1730, Court Records from 1744 and Divorce Records from call court clerk for details. Probate records include not only wills, but also loose estates records.
- Edgecombe County Tax Assessor / Collector
- Edgecombe Co. North Carolina County Health Department
Edgecombe County, North Carolina Census Records
- Learn More: State of North Carolina Census Records
- U.S. Federal Population Schedules: 1790 (incomplete), 1800 (incomplete), 1810 (incomplete), 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880 (free index), 1890 (fragmented), 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940
- U.S. Census Reconstructed Records: 1660-1820, Census Substitutes Index, 1790-1890
- State Population Schedules: 1784-1787
- Native American Population Schedules: 1894-1913
- U.S. Federal Census Slave Schedules: 1850 and 1860
- U.S. Federal Census Mortality Schedules: 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880
- Selected U.S. Federal Census Agriculture Schedules: 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880
- Selected U.S. Federal Census Industry Schedules: 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880
- Union Veterans Schedules: 1890
Edgecombe County, North Carolina Vital Records
- Learn More: State of North Carolina Vital Records
- Birth Records: from October 1913 to present
- Marriage Records: from January 1962 to present
- Death Records: from January 1, 1930 to present
- Divorce Records: from January 1958 to present
- Locations: North Carolina Vital Records
- Vital Records Online: USAVital or Social Security Death Index
- Vital Records by Mail: Birth Certificate, Death, Divorce and Marriage Certificate Applications.
- In Person: North Carolina Vital Records (Cooper Memorial Health Building), 225 N. McDowell St., Raleigh, NC 27603-1382; 919-733-3000
Edgecombe County, North Carolina Resources
- Edgecombe County Genealogical Society
- Edgecombe County Historical Society
- Edgecombe County, North Carolina Message Boards
Edgecombe County, North Carolina External Links
- Maine Historical Newspapers - Newspapers.com
- Historical Newspapers from North Carolina (1719 - 1977)
- Edgecombe County, North Carolina Books - Amazon
- Edgecombe Co., North Carolina - FindaGrave
- History of Edgecombe County, North Carolina
- Early social life in Edgecombe
- A History of Edgecombe County, North Carolina
- North Carolina Digital Collections
- Edgecombe County, North Carolina Links - Cyndi's List
- Edgecombe Co. NCGenweb
- Edgecombe County, North Carolina Ancestry Database Collections
- Edgecombe County, North Carolina Military Records
- North Carolina City Directories
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« The historical debate on secularisation between F. Antun and M. Abduh. God’s absolutism and Islam’s irrationality as cornerstones of orientalist islamic-christian dispute during the Nahda »
ABSTRACT: In 1945, Hamilton A.R. Gibb delivered the Haskell Lectures at the University of Chicago, supporting a classical Orientalist attitude concerning, first of all, the Arab incapacity to throw off its intense feeling for the separateness and individuality of concrete events, and secondly, encouraging a degree of methodological generalization, arguing for the existence of a Muslim aversion directed towards the thought-processes of rationalism. This was a point of view which was deeply rooted within classical Orientalist authors, from Silvestre de Sacy, to Ernest Renan and Ignac Goldziher to David B. MacDonald. However, this analysis is not going to reconsider issues already widely covered by academic research, but will instead investigate the debates between Faraḥ Antun, and Muhammad ‘Abduh on Secularization, and the dispute on the specific topics related to the Kalam argument within the inter-religious context of the Nahḍa. In the Odyssey of F. Antun, A Syrian Christian’s quest on Secularism, Donald M. Reid reports Antun’s viewpoint that Islamic Theology was mainly rooted on two assertions: God’s omnipotence and the rejection of every secondary cause capable of limiting the creator’s power. Allah’s qadar discourages scientific and philosophical research because every worldly event is directly and uniquely related to God’s behaviour. Muhammad ‘Abduh’s refutation promoted a new- Mu‘tazilite and Philosophical analysis which was able to show how human reason, secondary causes and logic were, on the contrary, not rejected by Islām, but were deeply ingrained within Islamic and religious thought. The founder of al-Jami‘ah al-‘Uthmaniyah produced an attack not only geared towards an attack against Islam, but also against all Semitic religions, with the intention to highlight the opportunity to create a secular State in which Muslims and Christians could participate on a footing of complete equality. ‘Abduh’s position, although not so far away, was strictly connected to the need to have law based on relevant principles of equality that could be argued for through a reformist Islamic approach, because within Islam, state and religions could not be separated, but could be reformed together. This paper seeks to deepen the analysis concerning the Kalam cornerstones which were re-discovered to support ‘Abduh’s standpoint in this open debate, and also to examine an Orientalist Arab-Christian thought which, through Faraḥ Antun, would further encourage a confrontation within Arab society which is still unresolved today.
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Masked chafers are beetles that have larvae, called white grubs, which can attack managed turf. They are natives of North America. The southern masked chafer is most common in the southern states and has been collected from Central and South America. It has been recently reported as a more common pest in southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska. The northern masked chafer is commonly a pest in the Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue growing regions from New England across to Illinois. Specimens have been collected from Maine across to Nebraska.
|Common Name||Scientific Name|
|Northern masked chafer||Cyclocephala borealis Arrow|
|Southern masked chafer||Cyclocephala lurida Bland, (formerly C. immaculata)|
The southern masked chafer grubs commonly attack turfgrasses in the transition zones (Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescues) and in southern bermudagrass areas. The northern masked chafer grubs usually attack cool season turf, especially if Japanese beetle grubs have been suppressed. Additionally, both species attack the roots of field crops such as wheat, oats and corn. The adults do not feed.
Turf begins to show drought stress in late summer into fall or spring and does not rapidly recover after rain or irrigation. Heavy infestations result in turf dying in irregular patches. Birds, skunks, raccoons and opossums commonly dig up turf around the dead patches. Moles may tunnel extensively where grub populations are high. Infested turf feels spongy under foot and is easily lifted because of the absence of roots. The adults do not feed on ornamental plants or turf.
|Northern masked chafer grub||White grub damage|
Description of Stages
Masked chafers have a typical annual scarab life cycle with a complete metamorphosis. Determining the species of larvae and adults of all of the Cyclocephala is difficult without the assistance of a taxonomist.
- Eggs: The eggs are oval when laid and are about 1/16 inch (1.7 mm) long by 3/64 inch (1.2 mm) wide. These pearly white eggs absorb moisture from surrounding soil and increase to 2.1 mm in diameter and have a nearly spherical shape.
- Larvae: First instars are about 3/16 inch (4.5 mm) long at hatching and reach 1 inch (22 to 25 mm) when maturing as third instars. The mouthparts must be dissected to distinguish between the northern and southern masked chafers. The larvae have the irregular pattern of bristles on the raster, which is typical of all Cyclocephala larvae.
- Pupae: The 5/8 inch (17 mm) long by 1/4 inch (8 mm) wide pupae are first creamy white and gradually change to reddish-brown just before the adult emerges. Female and male pupae can be separated by looking at the lower surface of the ninth abdominal segment. The males have a pair of conspicuous lobes, while females have the segment partially divided below the genital pore.
- Adults: The adults are a dull dark yellow-ocher and have darker brownish-black markings on the heads and eyes. Adults of the northern masked chafer have conspicuous hair on the thorax and wing covers. The southern masked chafer has sparse hair. The adults are 1/2 inch (11 to 14 mm) long by 1/4 inch (6 to 7 mm) wide. Males have an enlarged fifth tarsal segment on the forelegs that is used to grasp the female. In C. lurida males, the antennal club is shorter or equal to the combined length of the other antennal segments. C. borealis males have a longer club.
|Masked chafer larva||Masked chafer raster pattern|
Life Cycle and Habits
The northern and southern masked chafers have very similar life histories and habits. Adult beetles usually begin emergence in mid-June and are active into mid-July. Males come to the soil surface after dark before females emerge. The southern masked chafer is apparently active earlier in the evening than its sibling species, the northern masked chafer. Southern masked chafer males begin to emerge just before sunset and skim the ground surface in search of unmated females. Northern masked chafer maximum activity occurs around midnight. Unmated females come to the soil surface, climb upon a grass blade and begin releasing a sex pheromone that attracts the males. Many males often cluster around calling females and the successful male clasps the female with his modified legs during copulation. Mated females and males fly at night and are strongly attracted to lights. The males tend to fly within two feet of the ground while females seem to fly at higher altitudes. Most of the mating and flying activity of the southern masked chafer is finished by midnight. Northern masked chafers are active until a few hours before sunrise. Neither males nor females feed on plant material but merely mate and disperse at night. Mated females dig down four to six inches and lay 11 to 14 eggs. If soil moistures are sufficient, the eggs swell within eight days and hatch in 14 to 18 days at 70 to 75°F. The young larvae burrow to the soil surface in search of plant roots. The larvae also eat general organic material in the soil as well as thatch. The larvae grow rapidly when adequate moisture and food are present. The second instars are reached in 20 to 24 days at 80°F and third instars are common by September. It's during this time of the season that most of the damage occurs. As the soil temperatures begin to drop in the fall, the larvae begin to dig downwards to hibernate. Larvae may dig down 12 inches but most are within three to six inches, at least in southern states. Grubs surviving the winter return to the soil surface in late April and May to feed. The larvae again move down slightly in late May and early June to pupate. A mature larva ready to pupate voids all residue from the gut and the abdomen becomes very translucent. The pupa is formed within the old exoskeleton that splits down the center line. The pupa takes about 17 days to mature.
Northern masked chafer life cycle
Option 1: Cultural Control—Environmental Modification. Since the eggs require moisture for development, restricting irrigation in July and early August may significantly reduce survival. Since the adults are attracted to lights at night and damage is common under street lights, replace the lights with sodium vapor or yellow lights to reduce their attractiveness.
Option 2: Biological Control—Diseases. Masked chafer larvae can be infected by their specific strain of Paenibacillus popilliae (Dutky) which is called the bacterial milky disease of white grubs. This disease occurs naturally across Ohio, but it usually infects less than 20–25% of a population. There is a commercial product that uses the Japanese beetle strain of this disease. This strain has no effect on the masked chafers so application of milky disease products is not recommended. There are also formulations of the insect-killing white fungus, Beauveria bassiana and the insect-killing green fungi, Metarhizium spp. that are occasionally used to try to control white grubs. Experimental trials using these fungi have yielded poor results in Ohio conditions.
Option 3: Biological Control—Insect Parasitic Nematodes. There are several species of insect parasitic (entomopathogenic) nematodes that are commercially available. Virtually all these nematodes can kill white grubs in the laboratory, but only a few seem to be effective in the field. Species of Steinernema are more effective against cutworms and billbugs, while species of Heterorhabditis are more adept at locating and infecting white grubs. The key to getting successful control is to purchase freshly produced nematodes, applying them immediately and watering them in thoroughly after the application. The treatment area also needs to be kept moist by daily irrigation for three to four days if rainfall is not occurring. Purchase of nematodes should be done with considerable preplanning. Contact potential vendors and describe that you wish to use the nematodes against white grubs in turf. Most suppliers will need a month to prepare fresh nematodes for use. Applications are most successful when the nematodes are used to target late first and second instar grubs (usually in August).
Option 4: Biobased Control—Microbial Products. One of the most promising microbial toxins is based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strain galleriae. This product has produced 70% control and better when applied against late first and second instar white grubs. The grubs have to ingest the toxin for mortality to occur, so heavy irrigation should be used after spraying or spreading this bacterial toxin. Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T has also been developed for use on turfgrass. It has also been shown to cause white grub mortality. Again, apply when the grubs are small and irrigate heavily after the application.
Option 5: Chemical Controls—Standard Insecticides, Preventive Treatments. Most modern insecticides used to control white grubs have residual activity within the soil-thatch interface where white grubs feed. This residual activity can range from a couple of weeks to several months, depending on the insecticide. The primary target of these insecticides should be the first instar grub that hatches from the egg to take its first bite of organic matter in the soil-thatch interface. For masked chafers in Ohio, this is usually from mid-July into early August. Most of the neonicotinoid insecticides (i.e., clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) have four to eight weeks of effective residual activity which means that they can be applied in June and July to control the new grubs that arrive in late July and early August. The antranilic diamides (i.e., chlorantraniliprole) seem to have 12 to 16 weeks of effective residual action. This means that applications in April into early August would be effective.
Option 6: Chemical Controls—Standard Insecticides, Curative Treatments. Curative treatments merely means applications made after the grubs have emerged and are actively feeding. The idea is to treat the grubs while they are still small, before they have caused any obvious damage. Products containing carbaryl or trichlorfon can be used in this manner, but carbaryl is heavily adsorbed by thick thatch layers. The neonicotinoids (i.e., clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam) are also useful at this time if watered in after the application. The insect growth regulator, halofenozide, is also useful at this time.
Option 7: Chemical Controls—Standard Insecticides, Rescue Treatments. Rescue treatments are applied when grubs are in the third instar and significant turf damage is occurring or animals are digging the area. To be most effective, these insecticides need to be ingested, which means that the grubs still must be feeding. Grubs that have turned a fat-yellow color are likely not feeding. Products containing clothianidin, dinotefuran or trichlorfon are most useful at this time. If the grubs are suspected to have stopped feeding, only trichlorfon has some contact toxicity. In all cases, the soil and thatch should be moist (may require pre-irrigation) and the application needs to be irrigated immediately after the application. Irrigation amounts of 3/8 to 1/2 inch are strongly recommended, but avoid surface runoff.
This fact sheet is a revision of HYG-2505.
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Ancient Art of Incense Making
Incense is burned to provide pleasant fragrances for rooms and clothing, to communicate with the gods, and to drive out evil spirits.
For thousands of years, incense has been used in China not only for religious ceremonies but as an artistic element in folklore. Since Neolithic times, Chinese people burnt stones and wood for aromatherapy. Once more spices were introduced to the country through the Silk Road, incense was widely used in daily life. They gave clothes a better smell and were used in traditional medicine, meditation, and religious rituals. To use of incense was considered elegant. During Song Dynasty (960-1279), appreciating incense was considered one of four “graceful daily things” to do, along with tasting the tea, arranging flowers, and arranging paintings on walls.
Over the centuries, the art almost vanished in China. But in Japan, the so-called Kodo remained popular and eventually spread to Taiwan, from which it returned to the Chinese mainland several years ago. Today in China, the art is called Xiang Dao, meaning “skill of making incense.”
During this 3hrs hands-on Workshop, you will learn to
- Understand Chinese Incense Culture
- Witness a Traditional Incense Ceremony
- Blend Natural Incense Materials
- Make Chinese Incense Sticks
- Create Your Own Chinese Incense Accessories (Xiang Pai)
Xiang Pai was a popular decoration in ancient China, it is attractive and useful - unlike the burning incense, it is made with traditional Chinese pattern and designs, was worn by both genders to show nobility, wealth, and keep the incense fragrance for health.
Price: RMB1700 for up to 2 people
RMB400 per additional person
(Including expert fee, class room space and material cost)
For a group of more than 10 people, please contact us for larger group offer
Program is 3hrs, Meeting Point: Direction's in both Chinese and English will be provided for you to arrive at our starting point. Price includes all tickets admission to all sites listed.
To book the program, we do request a small deposit of USD100 (RMB600) per program via PayPal. This deposit will apply toward the program charges and you could pay the remaining balance on the day of the program. You could directly pay the deposit by clicking "Buy Now" button:
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On 26 January 2017, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists (BAS) held their annual unveiling of the Doomsday Clock, moving its minute hand from three minutes to midnight to 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Since 1947, BAS, a group of the world’s most acclaimed scientists and security experts, currently including 15 Nobel laureates and the likes of Stephen Hawking and Susan Solomon, discuss the year’s developments in politics, weapons, emerging technologies and climate science.
The result is an annual display of the Doomsday Clock that works like a timepiece that metaphorically shows how close humanity is to global devastation, with midnight representing the apocalypse. On the 70th anniversary of its appearance, the organisation detailed the reasons for the alarming gesture in adjusting the clock, citing four different possible risk areas ranging from proliferation of nuclear armament, to climate change and emerging technologies. In other words, all possible existential threats to end life as we know it.
This is the closest to midnight the Doomsday Clock has ever been in the lifetime of almost everyone in this room. It’s been 64 years since it was closer.
These were the words of Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist and chairman of the Bulletin’s Board of sponsors. Indeed, in 1953 the Soviet Union, hot on America’s heels, successfully detonated a thermonuclear hydrogen bomb, further galvanising the arms race and ushering in an era of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) as a doctrine of national security policy for both superpowers.
During the Cold War and in the midst of constant fear of nuclear annihilation, the Clock acted as a masterpiece of iconography, and with its simulation of a countdown to nuclear explosion, conjured up an image of constant peril and imminent doom. As people could not fathom the self-destruction of the human race in a nuclear strike, the clock – as other symbolic icons like the mushroom cloud – framed the imagination, offering a medium through which to convey the urgency of nuclear danger and thus becoming a lasting cultural reference in popular conscience.
It was witnessing the horror of nuclear warfare that initially led the scientists of the University of Chicago that had been involved in the Manhattan project, to create the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists in 1945, and employ the Doomsday clock two years later. The scientists were attempting to spark a global debate and abate what historians call society’s modernity angst, namely the obsession with the horror of the bomb. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki opened the Pandora’s box of modern science, questioning the positivist belief in progress and shattering the paradigms of knowledge that came with science and modernity.
What rattled ordinary people was not just the loss of trust in the edifice of progress, but also the idea promulgated during the Cold War that proliferation of nuclear armaments was there to support and safeguard the politics of their stability. As Benjamin Ziemann has pointed out in a previous History Matters post:
The nuclear threat forced politicians and people to accept the notion that preparation for nuclear annihilation would contribute towards peace, and that the existence of these weapons, and the anticipation of large-scale destruction that came with them, were an inescapable corollary of security, freedom, and future prosperity on both sides of the Cold war divide.
The credibility of the devastation was imperative in convincing the society of the dangers of the time, and the incessant gesturing towards the ubiquitous shadow of an endless crisis that the Cold War fostered, ensured and legitimised the value of nuclear deterrence.
As the Cold War ushered a new era of ideology, politics and society, the post-wall period, as Timothy Garton Ash dubbed it, has seen a new state of affairs, of a post-factual democracy. Political narrative has become deeply polarised, with false claims wrapped up in emotionally appealing language, creating two echo chambers in a world of alternative facts. Fighting or attempting to fight the smear campaign against experts, the Bulletin declared that its main goal this year is ‘to provide the facts as the basis of policy, not to make policies, but sensible policies cannot be made unless we all accept the facts are facts’.
It thus comes as no surprise that one of the biggest threats cited by the Bulletin was the election of President Trump and his ill-considered comments on expanding the US nuclear arsenal and rejecting the overwhelming scientific consensus on climate change. With both the USA and Russia holding 90 percent of the current nuclear armaments, and the bilateral relationship in a constant decline, the importance of leaders has been even more elevated.
Citing Trump and Putin conjures up images of the power that leaders such as Gorbachev and Reagan held on world affairs, reminding us how human agency in response to systemic pressures can act as a catalyst for historical change. Structural and social changes may limit the scope within which leaders operate but how they respond to these limitations is still a matter of choice.
Reagan once suggested to Gorbachev at the Geneva summit of 1985: ‘to hell with the past, we do it our way’. Two years later, both leaders ended up signing the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) that eliminated a whole class of nuclear weapons, and signalled the beginning of the peaceful end of cold war. No one can predict how the current leadership will act, but the power is there and so is the fear.
Eirini Karamouzi is Lecturer in Contemporary History at the University of Sheffield. Her main research interests lie in the history of European integration and the Cold War, and she is co-director of the Cultures of the Cold War Network. Her book, Greece, the EEC and the Cold War, 1974-1979: The Second Enlargement (2014), is available through Palgrave Macmillan. You can find her on twitter @EiriniKaramouzi.
Image: President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev signing the INF Treaty [via Wikicommons].
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Tomorrow morning, NASA and Orbital ATK are test-firing the world's largest solid rocket booster in northern Utah.
It will be the second and final qualification test of the 54-meter, five-segment booster design that will be used on the Space Launch System, NASA's new heavy lift rocket scheduled to debut in late 2018. Four-segment versions of the booster were used to help power space shuttles into orbit for three decades.
The test will take place near Orbital ATK's Promontory, Utah facilities. The Planetary Society (me!) will be on hand to tour Orbital ATK's facilities, get an up-close look at the booster and watch the two-minute test burn from a viewing site about two kilometers away.
Qualification tests help certify that the Space Launch System's upgraded boosters are ready for flight. The rocket is laid on its side and held in place against a massive concrete block near the side of a sagebrush-dotted hillside. A movable, climate-controlled test stand housing covers the booster, and will be rolled away before ignition.
NASA says there are 82 design objectives for Tuesday's test, and more than 530 instrumentation channels will collect data. The booster's flight computer will also command the rear nozzle to swivel around during the burn, simulating the way the booster helps steer SLS during ascent.
A single SLS solid rocket booster burns through 6 tons of its solid-grain, polybutadiene acrylonitrile propellant—more commonly referred to as PBAN—every second. The booster's five propellant segments are doughnut-shaped and cast in different patterns that vary the amount of fuel burning at any given time. Since a solid rocket booster cannot throttle like a conventional liquid engine, changes in the burn rate serve as a throttle control mechanism.
The ignition sequence begins when a pyrotechnic device called an initiator starts a chain reaction down the center column of the booster, igniting the propellant. Once lit, a solid rocket booster burns until its fuel supply is depleted. Tuesday's test will last the same two-minute duration of a standard SLS flight.
Cool booster, hot fire
Like the space shuttle, the Space Launch System must launch in a variety of weather conditions on the Florida coast. Based on lessons learned from the shuttle program, SLS boosters are rated to operate at internal temperatures between 40 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Because it takes a long time for outdoor temperature changes to affect the propellant itself, that 40-to-90-degree spread doesn't necessarily match the allowable temperature range on launch day.
During qualification testing, engineers test-fire the booster at both ends of the temperature range. The lower the propellant temperature, the slower the burn rate.
Last year, in March 2015, NASA heated the booster to 90 degrees. For Tuesday's test, they're cooling it to 40 degrees. Right now, three giant air conditioning units—the same kind used to cool ice rinks—are keeping the booster's test stand housing temperature at a frigid 25 degrees. NASA says it took more than a month to get the booster down to 40 degrees, and tomororw, when the stand is rolled back from the booster, the propellant temperature will slowly begin to rise. That's why the test is scheduled for early morning—midday highs tomorrow may be close to 100 degrees.
Once the booster ignites, the propellant won't stay cold for long. Exhaust temperatures hit about 6,000 degrees. That's almost as hot as the top layer of the sun's photosphere (6,700 degrees), and easily hot enough to melt most metals. The booster's casing used to be lined with asbestos for heat protection; after the retirement of the shuttle, the insulation was re-engineered to be asbestos-free.
We'll be posting pictures and videos from Promontory here at planetary.org, and you can also follow me on Twitter for more updates.
Want more booster backgrounders? You can read last year's articles on the QM-1 test. Here's a preview article featuring an interview with an SLS engineer (I hope to make it over to Promontory Point to see the real golden spike while I'm here), along with some pretty pictures by Bill Dunford.
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“Signs are to eyes what words are to ears. “- Ken Glickman
At the core of many WBT strategies is the use of hand gestures while teaching to solidify main concepts/idea/vocabulary. If you have ever watched any of Chris Biffle's lesson videos on the WBT website or their YouTube Channel you'll notice that he gestures almost the entire time he speaks! Before we go any further, I want to clarify that WBT encourages the incorporation of effective iconic/representational and metaphoric gestures that are meant to portray a thought or idea as compared to deictic gestures that are used in pointing. What I've noticed on many blogs and on the WBT forum, however, is that the idea of gesturing while teaching can be a challenge for some teachers who are new to WBT. Some people feel it is too "silly" or a distraction while others feel uncomfortable getting used to gesturing while speaking and/or are unsure if gestures actually benefit learning.
I think, however, that Wollf-Michael Roth (2001) makes an excellent point when he states that, "Gestures constitute a central feature of human development, knowing, learning, and communication across cultures; even congenitally blind individuals gesture when they communicate." Why then, are teachers and critics of WBT so apprehensive about the use of gestures in the classroom?
An aspect that may make some teacher's uncomfortable is how to incorporate clear, appropriate and effective gestures that assist student's understanding as opposed to confusing the student, which can happen! This means that deciding to incorporate gestures into our teaching needs to be a thoughtful and purposeful process. For example, having multiple gestures for one idea or one gesture for multiple ideas is likely to confuse our students and results in them not making the connection between the gesture and the concept it is tied to. A great resource for teachers using WBT strategies and accompanying gestures is the gesture brain storming forum thread on the WBT website. Teachers have posted their ideas for subject specific gestures, themed gestures, modified gestures, anything you may need! This can assist teachers in planning and ensure that the gestures used are well thought out and appropriate for the concept they are linked to as opposed to thinking them up on the spot which can easily lead to confusion.
Once gestures have been incorporated into a classroom they can be specifically used to gauge student's comprehension of a topic. Are they using gestures correctly when explaining an idea or topic? Can they explain why a specific gesture is a good representation for that idea? To really get our students thinking ask them, "If you used this gesture without verbal communication could someone understand what it meant? Why or why not?". You could also have your students brainstorm an idea of an effective gesture when you present new information, having them specifically think about what the idea is and how it can best be represented. This encourages students to think of the idea in the big picture and make connections to previous knowledge. So by using gestures you are not only reaching the multiple intelligences that your student's may display but you can also encourage further reflection on the topics being discussed!
Medallions: Posts (15), Instant Bonus (2), Conference (1), Artistic Blog (1), Blog followers (95)
Gesture's Role in the Learning Process
Theory into Practice , Vol. 43, No. 4, Developmental Psychology: Implications for Teaching (Autumn, 2004), pp. 314-321
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
Gestures: Their Role in Teaching and Learning
Review of Educational Research , Vol. 71, No. 3 (Autumn, 2001), pp. 365-392
Published by: American Educational Research Association
Rope Them in With Hand Gestures
The Reading Teacher , Vol. 64, No. 4 (DECEMBER 2010/JANUARY 2011), pp. 282-284
Published by: International Reading Association
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Body Cooling Study
Call for patient information:410-328-6110 410-328-6110
Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest from Trauma (EPR-CAT)
Principal Investigator: Samuel Tisherman, MD, professor of Surgery and director of the Division of Critical Care and Trauma Education at the University of Maryland School of Medicine
R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center
University of Maryland Medical Center
22 S. Greene St
Baltimore, MD 21201
University of Maryland School of Medicine faculty researchers at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center are participating in a research study to test whether Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation (EPR) — a new medical procedure that cools the whole body— can improve outcomes for patients who suffer cardiac arrest due to massive blood loss. Any patient arriving at Shock Trauma who suffers a cardiac arrest after a penetrating trauma such as a gunshot or stab wound were eligible to be enrolled in the study. EPR may preserve the body's organs (specifically the brain and heart) during cardiac arrest and "buy time" for surgeons to find and repair injuries.
Traumatic injuries, like those caused by car accidents or a shooting, are the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45. The main reason for death is losing too much blood. When the body loses a lot of blood there may not be enough blood left in the body for the heart to pump, which can cause the heart to stop beating (cardiac arrest).
Doctors usually do two things in this situation:
- Give patients large amounts of fluids into their veins.
- Open the left side of the patient's chest to perform open-chest heart massage and quickly repair any direct injuries in the chest.
Despite doctors trying everything above, few patients — less than 5 percent — survive this scenario. This is because the brain and other vital organs cannot survive more than a few minutes with no blood flow.
EPR involves administering a large amount of cold fluid to cool patients to around 50°F. Doctors then try to find and stop the source of bleeding. A heart-lung bypass machine is used to restore blood flow to vital organs and warm the body back up.
Reason for Community Notification
In an emergency, it is often impossible to get a patient's or family member's consent or permission to participate. Federal guidelines allow some emergency research studies to be conducted without prior consent. However, researchers must inform the community about the study and seek the community's opinion. Once enrolled, patients can withdraw from the study at any time. Community members can also choose not to be enrolled in the study in advance by contacting the study researchers and getting an "opt-out" bracelet to wear.
The principal investigator, Samuel Tisherman, MD, has a financial interest in intellectual property for the development of the EPR procedure and some of the associated hardware including special catheters and accessories which have been licensed to EPR Technologies. This means that it is possible that the results of this study could lead to personal profit for the individual investigator. This project has been carefully reviewed to ensure that patients' well-being holds more importance than any study results. Dr. Tisherman will not be involved in the recruitment of research participants, and will not administer the informed consent process.
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Nearly all new passenger vehicles are expected to have rearview cameras by May 2018 under a new rule issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
The regulation is designed to reduce backover crashes involving children and other pedestrians and was several years in the making. Congress directed the agency in 2008 to expand the required field of view behind a vehicle.
The rule, which applies to vehicles weighing less than 10,000 pounds, doesn’t explicitly require cameras. However, many of the requirements currently can be met only with cameras. The field of view must include a 10-foot by 20-foot zone directly behind the vehicle and must display specific portions of seven 32-inch-tall cylinders placed along the perimeter of that zone. The rule also includes specific requirements for image size, default view and other characteristics.
A recent IIHS study indicated that rear cameras could help prevent backover crashes involving people in a vehicle’s blind zone. The study, which relied on volunteer drivers, showed that cameras are more effective than parking sensors at helping drivers see and avoid a child-size object placed behind the vehicle (see "Preventing driveway tragedies: Rear cameras help drivers see behind them," March 13, 2014).
An estimated 267 people are killed and 15,000 injured each year by drivers who back into them, usually in driveways or parking lots. Young children and elderly people are most likely to be killed in such crashes. About 210 of the fatalities involve vehicles under 10,000 pounds. NHTSA estimates that 58 to 69 lives will be saved each year once every vehicle under 10,000 pounds on the road is equipped with a rear visibility system.
NHTSA also expects the systems to reduce crashes that result in property damage only. HLDI studies of insurance data for Mazda and Mercedes-Benz vehicles equipped with rear cameras didn’t show consistent reductions in claims (see Status Report special issue: crash avoidance, July 3, 2012).
Rearview cameras are becoming common in new vehicles. NHTSA estimates that even without the rule, 73 percent of the vehicles covered by it would have been sold with rear camera systems by 2018. However, some automakers may have been incorporating the technology in anticipation of the requirement, rather than as a result of market demand.
The rise of rear cameras has prompted automakers to contemplate more comprehensive camera systems that could take the place of side mirrors. Removing side mirrors would reduce a vehicle’s aerodynamic drag, improving fuel economy. The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers and Tesla Motors recently petitioned NHTSA to allow camera systems as a compliance option to meet the performance requirements for mirrors.
“Cameras are a great tool for enhancing rear visibility, but if they are going to replace side mirrors, they have to work properly in all kinds of weather and lighting conditions,” says David Zuby, IIHS executive vice president and chief research officer. “There also needs to be more research into how drivers use camera information to make sure they would be able to adjust safely to this change.”
Current camera systems aren’t perfect. In the Institute study, for example, drivers frequently hit a stationary object when it was in the shade even if they were looking at the camera display.
A certain amount of direct visibility by means of over-the-shoulder glances also is important. In comments to NHTSA, the Institute has cautioned against cameras being used as a justification for vehicle designs that limit visibility (see "Preventing driveway tragedies: Rear cameras help drivers see behind them," March 13, 2014). Many drivers still rely on direct glances to get their bearings before backing up.
The rear camera requirement will be phased in beginning May 1, 2016. Ten percent of vehicles manufactured the first year must meet the field-of-view requirement only, and 40 percent must meet it the following year. All vehicles produced after May 1, 2018, must meet the field-of-view requirement, as well as all the other performance requirements.
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Spanish Colonial Heritage Trail
The Florida Spanish Colonial Heritage Trail is a 64-page, full-color guidebook highlighting more than 50 Spanish heritage and historical sites dating from 1513 to 1821. While St. Augustine and Pensacola are landmark areas, Spanish explorations and legacies are reflected in museums, forts, parks, shipwrecks, memorials and churches throughout the state.
Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521)
- One of the first European settlement attempts in the United States was Spanish explorer Tristan de Luna's 1559 arrival in what today is Pensacola Bay. In February 2009, HM King Juan Carlos I and HM Queen Sofia of Spain visited Pensacola in honor of Pensacola's 450th Anniversary.
- The 2013 Quincentennial Celebrations to honor the 1513 arrival and exploration of Florida by Juan Ponce de Leon and the 500th Anniversary of Florida.
- St. Augustine's 450th Anniversary in 2015 to acknowledge Pedro Menendez de Aviles' arrival and settlement in 1565.
The Florida Spanish Colonial Heritage Trail was produced by VISIT FLORIDA with funding from the Governor's Office of Tourism, Trade and Economic Development in cooperation with the Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources. For more information on Florida's Spanish Colonial history and cultural heritage visit vivaflorida.org.
- View the Florida Spanish Colonial Heritage Trail online
- Download the Trail Publication (pdf, 7.5 MB)
- Florida's Spanish Colonial History Bibliography
- Discover other Florida Heritage Publications
Published by the Florida Department of State,
Division of Historical Resources.
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Some Spanish words have written accent marks over one of the vowels. That mark is called “acento”. It means that the syllable containing the accent vowel is stressed when the word is pronounced, as in the word “papa”, for example.
Then, the written accent mark is used in the following situations:
- All words that are stressed on the third-to-last syllable must have a written accent mark, regardless of which letter they end in.
Bo-lí-gra-fo ma-trí-cu-la ma-te-má-ti-cas
- When two consecutive vowels do not form a diphthong, the vowel that receives the spoken stress will have a written accent mark. This pattern is very frecuent in words end in –ía
Ma-rí-a po-li-cía as-tro-no-mía dí-a bio-lo-gía
- Some one-syllable words have accents to distinguish them from other words that spund like them. For example:
él (he) / el (the)
sí (yes) / si (if)
tú (you) / tu (your)
mí (me) / mi (my)
- Interrogative and exclamatory words have written accent on the stressed vowel.
PRÁCTICA: practice what you just learned with the following words, the rules you have learned will help you pronounce them correctly. Don’t worry about the meaning of the words you haven’t heard before!
Welcome to Top Language's free learning tools. We want you to enjoy learning Spanish as we love teaching it. Here we share some tips and tools to help you improve your Spanish and to make the process much more fun. ¡Que lo disfrutes!
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I. Multi-national Organizations and Inter-governmental Organizations
These are generally funded by Member States of the United Nations and staffed by nationals from many of these countries.
A. United Nations Organizations. http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart.html.
These include the International Labor Organization (ILO, 1919); Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 1945); United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF, 1946); World Health Organization (WHO, 1948); UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR, 1950); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 1965); United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA, 1969); UN Educational Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); UN Drug Control Program (UNDCP); UN World Food Program (UNWFP), and others.
1. WHO. http://www.who.int/:
a. Provides technical assistance and training; formulating and disseminating expert advice, normative standards, and guidelines on a wide variety of topics.
b. Convenes Expert Committees and Technical Advisory Groups; commissions Consultant reports; develops and disseminates the International Classification of Disease (ICD-X) Codes, monographs and manuals. These mechanisms contribute to standard setting and quality assurance.
c. Assists and organizes projects on specific problems and/or target groups according to priorities set by the World Health Assembly. The WHA, composed of all member states, meets each year in May.
d. Organizes and facilitates many training programs; provides fellowships.
e. Is organized in three levels: Geneva headquarters, 6 regional offices (PAHO, WPRO, AMRO, AFRO, SEARO, and EURO), and WHO country representatives (WRs).
f. WHO advantages: Direct access to Ministries of Health (MOH); biomedical and technical expertise; ‘horizontal’ approach to health; strong global level activities; more accepted by many countries since they participate fully in the organization and governance; greater ‘presence’ at country and multi-country regional levels; facilitates information exchange between countries [including TC/DC, technical cooperation between developing countries]; has major role in developing and promulgating internationally recognized standards regarding food, drugs, vaccines, therapies, etc; has ability to develop and promote policies and priorities; has greater potential for coordination with other UN and World Bank agencies.
g. WHO problems and limitations: Often weak country representation based in a traditionally weak ministry (MOH); not infrequently suffers from little programmatic strategy and a narrow biomedical perspective; weak public image; severe funding constraints (at <$1 billion the WHO annual regular budget is only about twice the budget of the SF Dept. of Public Health, including the SF General Hospital; admirable but vague goal (“….the attainment of the highest possible level of health” …and a “…state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease…”); uneven leadership of WHO which was increasingly criticized during the 1990s; perceived administrative inefficiencies by US (though probably among the best in UN system); complicated and rigid rule-based recruitment and personnel management; too many doctors and too few other disciplines; often lures most capable persons away from their home countries; expensive headquarters in Geneva and six regional offices; one country-one vote organization (tiny island countries have same votes as mega-countries) and World Health Assembly (WHA) delegation of powers to 31-member Executive Board means that international politics have often had an inordinate effect on personnel selection, programs, and management; Director General and six Regional Directors are all elected, with considerable autonomy with regard to each other; excess central bureaucracy; subject to governmental squabbles (>190 countries in WHA oversee programs; 31-person WHO Executive Board); conflicts between central, regional and country levels; politics of regional directors and their election; fellowship allocation is largely on the basis of country priorities which may lack an overall strategy (eg, preference frequently for high tech skills of limited or inappropriate applicability); loss of AIDS program to UNAIDS due in part to organizational rigidities; large amounts of extra-organizational, ear-marked funding, with potential distortion of core program in favor of vertically oriented donor priorities; trying to be all things to all people at all levels of economic development (in 1990s had >50 programs, now reduced to 30+); failure of many countries (and especially the USA) to pay their quotas on time (US has managed to reduce its quota from 25% to ~22% of total WHO regular budget, to introduce more administrative reforms, and to reduce US support for family planning); very limited funds available to cover operating program costs; often hard to evaluate WHO accomplishments (WHO has been described as “… a procedural organization, where you can observe what it does but not what it produces”), though changes under the former Director-General (DG), Dr. Gro Harlem Bruntland (former Prime Minister of Norway), sought to correct many of these constraints. In 1998-99 WHO went through a massive review and reorganization with outside consultants and high level staff unfamiliar with the special characteristics of WHO, resulting in much anxiety and concern that one set of problems would be replaced by another. In July 2003 Dr. LEE Jong-wook ( S. Korea) become D-G, and the reorganization and redirection of programs has begun again. There are those who believe that top-down programs such as immunization and response to epidemics like AIDS draw badly needed resources away from the development of primary health care and public health services for the majority in poor countries who have virtually no access. Political considerations tend to emphasize measurable variables like infant mortality and life expectancy while giving little attention to less dramatic but nevertheless runaway rates of mental illness, domestic violence, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, and overwork. The argument is sometimes made that immunization campaigns contribute to primary care and public health infrastructure, but one sees little evidence of this.
2. UNICEF. Strong country level activities; positive public image; large but well defined target group; few and usually easily controlled health risks. UNICEF’s problems include sustainability of initiatives, dependence on large extra-budgetary support, vertical approach to health (focus on a specific age group and health risks), coordination with other agencies, and criticism by some of the ‘selective primary care approach,’ ie, most emphasis is on only a few high prevalence problems. In the last few years UNICEF has also been criticized for moving away from “what it does best” and the organization’s original mandate (WATSAN, Immunization, PHC, basic education, etc.), to focus on other issues such as the legal rights of women and children, trafficking of children and women for the sex trade, etc.
3. UNFPA (UN Fund for Population). Technical expertise and training regarding contraceptive methods; materials, supplies and staff program support; and advocacy for population policies. Problems include: vulnerability to shifts in political opinion, especially abortion. UNFPA is continually caught up in the USA abortion / family planning debate and constraints, and has experienced level or reduced funding in recent years. The Cairo conference in the mid-1990s on population and development estimated a world need for ~$20B/year for family planning support vs. about ~$5B available (US spends $8B/year on lawn care!); industrialized countries pledged funds to reduce gap but haven’t delivered. FY2002-03 Bush budget cuts ~$34 million off UNFPA contribution, which could result in ~2 million additional unintended births, ~800,000 induced abortions, and many thousands of maternal and child deaths.
4. UNDP (UN Development Program). Established as a general fund for development activities, UNDP is now the world’s largest multilateral source of grant funding for development cooperation. Strength is intersectoral approach to development; problems include uneven and limited representation at country level and resources spread too thin. UNDP is usually the lead organization over all UN agencies in country.
B. United Nations-Affiliated Programs
1. Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFFTAM– http://www.theglobalfund.org/). Set up to provide substantial additional direct resources to country coordinating groups; a public-private partnership headed by UCSF Professor Richard Feachem, involving governments, pharmaceutical companies, and Foundations (Gates). Three rounds of funding so far, but resources fall far short of demand and pledges. Program has all the advantages, and limitations, of a vertical, disease-specific program. WHO administers it in part, and World Bank writes the checks.
2. UNAIDS. http://www.unaids.org/en/default.asp. Main advocate for global action on the epidemic and a venture of the United Nations family plus the World Bank. Primary role in raising international awareness, monitoring and evaluation, and providing training. They also provide guidelines, technical materials and to a lesser degree technical support for those working at the district and community levels.
C. World Bank Group (1944).
Consists of five major organizations (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [IBRD] lends money at world market competitive rates to low and middle income countries; International Development Association [IDA] provides concessionary loans to lowest income countries [low or no interest, long payouts]; International Finance Corporation [IFC] fosters development through investment in the private sector; Multilateral Investment Guarantee Association [MIGA] provides insurance forforeign investors against losses caused by noncommercial risks, such as expropriation, currency inconvertibility and transfer restrictions, and war and civil disturbances; The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) provides arbitration of investment disputes. The World Bank Group is not really a UN agency. It is the largest external source of funding for education and health programs. The US is the largest voting member (15% of total vote), as determined by GDP. The International Money Fund (IMF) is a separate agency, concerned mostly with stabilizing economic systems and currencies.
IBRD : This is the main banking organization of the Group. Separate regional Development Banks include Asian Development Bank [ADB], Inter-American Development Bank [IDB], and African Development Bank.
Increasingly the Bank is the main funding source for health. It is dominated by economists, financial experts, and development specialists, and has a small core of health specialists, including now six CDC assignees as well as assignees from various country development offices.
Health, nutrition, and population (HNP) projects have rapidly risen in importance and represent about 5% of all investments (total bank projects ~$20+ billion per year); first HNP loans were made in 1970, rising to 154 active and 94 completed HNP projects for a total of $13.5 billion in 1996; countries with GDP of <$6000 per capita are eligible for such loans which, though made at slightly less than commercial rates, are advantageous because of the fiscal and program development that must accompany them and because of the technical assistance involved in the loan project development.
IDA: For countries with <$1000 per capita, these are concessionary or ‘soft’ loans with low or no interest and/or long paybacks. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) use this mechanism, which provides funds at about 0.25% as well as significant technical assistance in loan development process. Several donor countries also provide trust funds through the bank system which may be used for specific projects, research, or loan development costs. Three major HNP objectives: improve HNP outcomes of poor, enhance performance of health care systems, secure sustainable health care financing; strategies include: decentralization, partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGO) providers, more direct public involvement in decisions regarding funding, rural and urban development, environmental sanitation, etc. World Bank advantages : The Bank has substantial funds (>$13 billion HNP spent so far); bank imposed ‘conditionalities’ (to getting a loan) can encourage and facilitate reforms (e.g., the Structural Adjustment Program, or ‘SAP’, which seeks to increase exports, decrease imports, reduce urban/rural imbalance, decrease subsidies, increase taxes, promote realistic currency valuation, strengthen foreign exchange reserves, increase production and efficiency, decrease consumption); careful pre-project planning is required. Loans are increasingly coordinated with other multilateral and bilateral agencies and programs. WB focus is on infrastructure development; extensive research capability and learning from experience. It has produced many excellent publications, has offered ‘flagship course modules’ for training senior managers and technicians, and provides distance learning through use of satellite and video transmissions.
World Bank problems and limitations : Economic considerations may dominate decisions; other development projects may have adverse effects on health activities, eg, dam construction which displaces persons, expands schistosomiasis, reduces bottom land, increases malaria; country resentment against bank requirements and priorities; efforts to increase financial support by charging for health services have resulted in reduced care for the poor and increased morbidity in some countries (WB’s ‘structural adjustment program’ came under much criticism by UNICEF and has been considerably softened); increasing awareness of and attempts to reduce corruption in development aid.
D. Bilateral or Bi-national Organizations. Involves relationship between only two parties, eg, donor and recipient countries
1. Bilateral government aid agencies.
b. US Agency for International Development (USAID) is main US health foreign aid agency. It is affiliated with the Dept. of State (DOS) and under appropriations umbrella of Senate Foreign Relations Committee and hence is highly politicized. Other departments involved in international health include, to name a few, NIH, DOD, USDA, CDC, HRSA, and other HHS agencies that have funds for HIV, immunizations and a few other programs per appropriations initiated by the Labor, Health, Education, and Pensions Committee. While these departments and agencies should all be working closely together in theory, the reality is quite different and there is a great deal of contentiousness at the moment surrounding turf, funding, and political agendas. Foreign aid is 0.10% of US GDP, the lowest of the ‘rich’ countries; it represents ~14.6% of total world assistance and is supplemented by private sector contributions from many sources.
c. Peace Corps. Established in 1961, the PC has fielded more than 170,000 volunteers serving in 136 countries. Present deployment is about 7500 volunteers in 71 countries. About 59% are women and >83% have undergraduate degrees and most of the rest, advanced degrees.
d. Other countries: (With indication of % of GNP to development aid in late 1990s) — Australia (0.36%), Canada (0.38%), Denmark (0.96%), Finland (0.32%), France (0.55%), Germany (0.31%), Italy (0.15%), Japan (0.28%, or 23.4% of total), New Zealand (0.23%), Sweden (0.77%), United Kingdom (0.28%).
e. Characteristics of bilateral aid agencies: Provide grants, loans, training, and technical assistance; in US, USAID increasingly tends to provide substantial long-term support to US academic, technical assistance and NGO institutions to support country programs, eg, 1/3 of US bilateral aid goes to ‘big NGOs’ (BINGOs) in $20-60M multi-year contracts.
f. Advantages: Bilateral aid is moderately flexible; substantial resources; increasingly long-term commitments; potential to coordinate health activities with other bilateral development support; governments and subcontractors tend to build up substantial expertise.
g. Problems and limitations: Priorities often closely linked with foreign policy and political considerations of donor country; purchasing and hiring constraints are designed to ensure that much of the assistance money returns to donor country; programs may be oriented toward donor country’s industries and programs, and minimally responsive to recipient country priorities; foreign aid is a politically vulnerable program with a very small constituency of support; aid may be poorly coordinated with other bilateral programs; programs may be less apt to have well qualified career specialists in international health and other relevant areas.
2. Non-Government Organizations. Thousands of health-related Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) / Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in both donor and recipient countries provide international health assistance. Examples of the several different types include:
Foundations : Ford, Carnegie, Bill & Melinda Gates, Hewlett, Packard, Kellogg, MacArthur, Rockefeller, etc.
Secular Private Organizations (PVO and NGO) : Helen Keller International, Oxfam, CARE, Save the Children/UK (&US), International Red Cross, Doctors without Borders, Project Hope, International Rescue Committee
Faith-based Organizations (FBO) : Many PVOs and NGOs are also FBOs. Missionary groups also fall into this category. Catholic Relief Services, Christian Aid, Lutheran World Relief, Unitarian Universalist Service Society, World Vision
Contracting Agencies (CA) : For-profit companies bid on government RFAs and RFPs (request for applications/proposals) to win development contracts such as Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS) funded primarily by USAID and other international development organizations Examples of CAs include John Snow International (JSI), Management Sciences for Health (MSH), and the Academy for Educational Development (AED).
Private Corporations : Pharmaceutical Corporations: Merck; Pasteur Merieux Connaught (PMC); Smith-Kline Beecham (SKB); Wyeth-Lederle. Increasingly, corporations are becoming involved in international health and development through humanitarian aid, research, foundations for giving, and exploitation of foreign commercial markets.
NGO characteristics : Extraordinarily diverse organizations, including religious and secular, narrow and broad scope programs, wealthy (BINGOS) and shoe-string, paid staff and volunteers, long- and short-term commitment, single- and multi-country focus, single problem and multi-sector focus, emergency, relief and development focus.
NGO advantages : can (potentially) have high flexibility, lower costs, limited bureaucracy, high commitment of staff (ie, not just a job), grassroots orientation, community-based and participatory, and cultural sensitivity; may be better able to avoid graft, corruption and political entanglement; national constituencies increase public awareness, involvement, and political support.
NGO problems and limitations : They vary depending on organization but common problems include limited funds, limited technical expertise, hard to ‘scale up’ small but ‘successful’ pilot projects, difficult to move toward local sustainability; hard to coordinate efforts between many PVOs, which often are in competition for funds and visibility; and mixed blessings of missionary groups, especially in Africa (eg, higher quality care, more stable infrastructure, expatriates, proselytizing)
E. Schools of Public Health
Training new professionals
F. Other Organizations and Associations These additional partners in international health inform both the technical and policy themes. They also are pivotal in the exchange of information and communication between the various partners that work in the development field.
American Public Health Association, International Health Section – as part of a larger international body called the World Federation of Public Health Associations
Global Health Council – formerly the National Council of International Health, is a U.S.-based, nonprofit membership organization that was created in 1972 to identify priority world health problems and to report on them to the U.S. public, legislators, international and domestic government agencies, academic institutions and the global health community.
Various Networks – The CORE Group, National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), Food Aid Management (FAM), US Coalition for Child Survival, among many others both domestic and international. These groups are used to network, exchange technical information, provide updates to their members – particularly with email for those in the field, and group together to form a more forceful and engaging group for the larger organizations (UN, USAID) to work with more easily
II. Current international health assistance issues
A. During the past decades the ‘model’ and ‘focus’ for health assistance, per Paul Basch’s Textbook of International Health (Oxford Univ. Press, 2nd ed.), have progressed through these stages: (1) intergovernmental reconstructionist / peace and political stability, leading to international cooperation (1940-50s); (2) medical / diseases, leading to health and development, and to institution building (1950-70s); (3) community / clients, leading to programs and projects such as Primary Health Care (PHC), Health for All in 2000, Child Survival (1970-1980s); (4) and economic / providers, leading to emphasis on productivity and efficiency (1980-1990s). Now, the major issues and debates center around the following themes, with brief comments in brackets:
1. Degree of management decentralization (strong support for decentralization now somewhat lessened due to many examples of poor management capabilities at lower levels, and recognition of need for much more training, and selective decentralization)
2. Degree and nature of community input into program development (good verbal support for community input but limited substantive support and substantial problems making such input operational)
3. Relative emphasis on primary health care vs. selective health services [earlier emphasis on broadly defined PHC, then subsequently on selective, high priority services, eg, maternal and child care (MCH), and expanded program in immunization (EPI), but more recently there has been some re-thinking of and renewed support for PHC]
4. Relative emphasis on urban vs. rural programs (lots of talk about giving more attention to rural areas but de facto emphasis has been on urban ones)
5. Improved health as an input to, or an output of, development (December 2001 WHO report on Macroeconomics and Health strongly supports notion of health as both an input to and output of the development process)
6. Relative emphasis on public vs. private sector (increasing emphasis on private sector services but their cost-effectiveness and the degree to which they serve lower income populations has been disappointing)
7. Relative emphasis on narrowly defined projects vs. broad sectoral programs (eg, disease-specific projects or programs vs. broad support of the health, education or agriculture sector)
8. Extent and type of ‘conditionality’ used to promote change (there has been some decrease in the perceived efficacy of conditioning assistance to the attainment of specified targets and goals)
9. Relative emphasis on public vs. private funding of services (initial strong support for private funding has somewhat lessened due to disappointing results and the perceived reduction in service utilization by poor)
10. ALL International Organizations can distort government health programs and result in donor-organization ‘overload’ for host country decision-makers; may siphon off better qualified (and desperately needed) host country personnel with higher salaries, perks, and reduced bureaucracy, each come with their own agenda and don’t coordinate development assistance, and much of the funding is actually spent on (DONOR country employees and companies) overhead, staff salaries, travel expenses, housing, and consulting services and commodities
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<urn:uuid:8d1dbbee-925d-4093-bf15-b1dba62a6678>
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CC-MAIN-2021-17
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https://www.globalhealtheducation.org/56_nutrition_in_global_health/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039594808.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210423131042-20210423161042-00547.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932672
| 4,842
| 3.125
| 3
|
Last month, a professor at Michigan State University, Anil Jain, had an interesting night. Law enforcement showed up at his lab, not to arrest him, but to ask for his help. Jain, a computer science professor who works with things like facial recognition programs, was asked whether or not he could help unlock a dead man's phone.
Don't Miss: Incredible Pokemon Gifts
Jain and Sunpreet Arora, a PhD student, weren't able to share details, but the main story here is that a man was murdered and they believe clues to his murder are on his cell phone. However, they are unable to access the phone without a fingerprint or a passcode. Instead of trying to break into the phone, they are asking Jain whether or not he can make a 3D replica of the victim's fingerprint to open the phone.
He was able to do that using a scan of the victim's fingerprints that were on record with his own criminal activity. They were able to recreate all ten digits.
“We don’t know which finger the suspect used,” he told Rose Eveleth in a phone conversation. “We think it’s going to be the thumb or index finger—that’s what most people use—but we have all ten.”
Now, a 3D fingerprint probably isn't enough to unlock a phone anymore. Most fingerprint readers need heat in order to work thanks to the electrical circuits that they use to work. Skin helps to the circuits moving. Arora foresaw this, so he coated the fingers in a thin layer of metallic particles.
They still haven't tested the fingerprints as they are perfecting the technology, but the hope is that they will use it to unlock the phone. Of course, this is a heated debate because it goes back to the privacy of our cell phones. Of course, the fact that the owner of the phone is dead does eliminate some of the legal problems that could pop up.
The question is whether or not we should use this to technology for cold cases, current cases, and cases involving living suspects. In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that police need to have a warrant in order to look through someone's cell phone.
Arora said that he wasn't sure how the police found his lab. “I think these guys also go online to figure out stuff about how to hack phones,” he said, “so we probably popped up.”
How To: Buy a Pokemon Go Plus
Of course, that is even if the fingerprints will work, as it might be that a code will be required anyway if it hasn't been unlocked in some time.
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<urn:uuid:2bf69103-6f19-4b8f-8d9f-bceeedce62c5>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.i4u.com/2016/07/113643/dead-mans-fingerprints-used-open-phone
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00073-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979646
| 553
| 2.625
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Location: Range Management ResearchTitle: Application of high resolution images from unmanned aircraft systems for watershed and rangeland science) Author
|Rango, Albert - Al|
Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 11/10/2013
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary: Hydrologic studies on small watersheds in semiarid regions require significant and advanced ground based measurements along with high resolution remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles. A small watershed at the Jornada Experimental Range was intensively instrumented with an eddy covariance tower to measure fluxes, a COsmic-ray soil moisture observing system and several National Network sites including SCAN, NOAA-CRN, NSF NEON and LTER sites, all of which can be accessed in near real time. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Bat-3, was flown at 215 m to provide a spatial resolution of 6 cm. The Bat-3 imagery was used to construct a 1 m DEM, a digital mosaic of the entire basin, a detailed watershed boundary, and a high resolution drainage network. Combined UAV and ground-based measurement provide spatial characterizations of highly heterogeneous semiarid landscapes that can be used for both watershed and rangeland assessments. These assessments can be of great value for both federal and state agencies charged with land resources management.
Technical Abstract: UAS provide a new way to acquire hyperspatial data with a resolution of 6 cm that has not been available in the past. This hyperspatial data can be used to obtain detailed 1-m DEMs, mosaics of entire watersheds, detailed vegetation classification of bare soils and vegetation type, and input to models in watershed and rangeland science. Because of improved UAS guidance systems, UAS can be used to repetitively cover the same areas for change detection. UAS can provide frequent and affordable aerial coverage of study areas with high resolution data to fill in gaps in ground observation networks and between satellite overpasses.
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<urn:uuid:45fde386-cc87-491b-90e8-cae662894230>
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CC-MAIN-2017-09
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https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=295836
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|
en
| 0.903609
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| 2.671875
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|
Lawyers are increasingly using various forms of technology to perform more efficiently. Although all lawyers continue to use law libraries to prepare cases, most supplement conventional printed sources with computer sources, such as the Internet and legal databases. Software is used to search this legal literature automatically and to identify legal texts relevant to a specific case. In litigation involving many supporting documents, lawyers may use computers to organize and index materials. Lawyers must be geographically mobile and able to reach their clients in a timely matter, so they might use electronic filing, Web and videoconferencing, mobile electronic devices, and voice-recognition technology to share information more effectively.
A jury consists of twelve persons chosen to decide who has the better lawyer - Robert Frost
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<urn:uuid:1f565937-4a9b-4477-bdb8-6b6a44690c96>
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CC-MAIN-2017-26
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http://solsbylawyer.blogspot.com/2011/05/technology-used.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323604.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628101910-20170628121910-00573.warc.gz
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en
| 0.945882
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|
Top diplomats observed a minute of silence Wednesday after lighting five white candles in memory of more than 500,000 people killed in the Rwandan genocide 18 years ago. They vowed to pursue justice for the victims and survivors by apprehending fugitive Rwandan killers.
U.S. Ambassador Susan Rice recalled that the "United Nations was established in the shadow of a genocide," the Nazi slaughter of six million Jews during World War II.
"It suffered an enormous blow to its credibility and effectiveness in the face of another genocide, the one we're gathered to commemorate today," she said, a reference to the U.N.'s failure to intervene and halt the Rwanda genocide.
Rice reminded the gathered diplomats that the first inkling that a genocide had begun in Rwanda came when the U.N. peacekeeping mission chief, Canadian Maj.-Gen. Romeo Dallaire, was called to the morgue room of a Kigali hospital.
"In a dark room, the beam of his flashlight revealed what was left of 10 Belgian peacekeepers, mutilated beyond recognition. In the same hospital, 100 times that number of innocent Rwandans lay dead. And this was just the beginning."
Rwanda's genocide began hours after a plane carrying President Juvenal Habyarimana was mysteriously shot down as it approached the capital, Kigali, on April 6, 1994.
The 100-day slaughter, in which more than 500,000 minority Tutsis and moderate members of the Hutu majority were killed by Hutu extremists, ended after Tutsi-led rebels ousted the extremist Hutu government that orchestrated the killings.
Rwanda's U.N. Ambassador Eugene-Richard Gasana said that "Genocide is a meticulously thought-out atrocity, harbored in the minds and hearts" of the perpetrators, and rehearsed on various occasions: in 1959, when thousands of Tutsis were killed and driven from their homes, again in the 1960s, and in 1973, when young Tutsis were killed in their schools.
It all led to the "1994 apocalypse," he said.
Gasana warned against genocide denial and trivialization, and appealed for the arrest and trial of Rwandan killers who have found shelter in other nations, where they have become politically active and propagandized against the history of Rwanda's slaughter.
In a taped message, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who was en route to Europe, said: "To those who persist in suppressing their fellow citizens, who cry out for dignity and freedom, we send a clear message: justice must be done."
"Our eyes will never be closed again," promised the General Assembly's president, Nassir Abdulaziz al-Nasser.
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<urn:uuid:472e619c-70c0-48a9-beca-cbd0053c50b3>
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CC-MAIN-2017-47
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https://townhall.com/news/us/2012/04/11/un-marks-rwanda-genocide-anniversary-vows-justice-n800556
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934807044.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123233821-20171124013821-00585.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965021
| 563
| 2.515625
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|
Jewish persecution is most typically associated with the Holocaust, but Soviets were brutally victimized as well. The Nazi party wished to push eastward in order to fulfill their dream of Lebensraum, or living space, and forced millions into labor and POW camps in the process. “German treatment of Soviet POWs differed dramatically from German policy towards POWs from Britain and the United States, countries the Nazis regarded as racial equals to the Germans.” Germans invaded Russia, Belarus, Ukrainians, and Baltic states in their pursuit to wipe out communism and Judaism.
At left, a column of Soviet prisoners of war, under German guard, marches away from the front. Place uncertain, July 1, 1941.
— Archiwum Dokumentocji Mechanizney
“German military and police authorities intended to wage a war of annihilation against the Communist state as well as against the Jews of the Soviet Union, whom they characterized as forming the “racial basis” for the Soviet state.” To the Nazis, the Slavic population was subhuman and their treatment towards them reflected this belief. Conditions in soviet camps were so terrible that in 1941, 5,000 prisoners died each day due to disease and hunger.
Soviet prisoners of war pause for rations during forced labor at the narrow-gauge railroad station. Mlawa, Poland, about 1943.
— Instytut Pamieci Narodowej
The war against Jews in the East, also called the Holocaust by Bullets, killed groups in their own villages through mass shootings “between 1941 and 1944, Nazi SS and German police forces, German military units, and locally recruited collaborators killed more than 2 million Jews residing in the Soviet Union (borders of 1941) in mass shooting operations.” These executions were carried out in public settings, even in front of other villagers, and afterwards, the Nazis would simply move on to the next village. Even after Soviet victories in 1943, Jews were still trapped in German-controlled ghettos. Soviets reached Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka in mid-1944 and also liberated camps in the Baltics and Poland in the beginning of 1945.
“Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 16, 2017. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007178.
“The German Army and the Racial Nature of the War Against the Soviet Union.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 19, 2017. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007182.
“The Treatment of Soviet POWs: Starvation, Disease, and Shootings, June 1941–January 1942.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 19, 2017. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007183.
“Online Exhibition — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 19, 2017. https://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/special-focus/desbois.
“Liberation of Nazi Camps.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Accessed March 18, 2017. https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005131.
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<urn:uuid:b7a739ae-81bf-4132-bd49-cf187e8f592f>
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CC-MAIN-2019-13
|
https://russie20.wordpress.com/2017/03/20/persecution-in-russia/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202704.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323000443-20190323022443-00544.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951504
| 730
| 4.1875
| 4
|
One-Day Physics Investigations: Activities based on techniques particle physicists use to make discoveries
The Standard Model organizes what we know about subatomic particles.
- Quark Workbench: Students use Standard Model rules to build hadrons and mesons from quarks.
Magnetic and electric fields accelerate, bend and focus beams of charged particles.
- Making it 'Round the Bend: 3 activities in which students explore
- properties of dipole and quadrupole magnets,
- forces felt by charged particles moving through magnetic fields,
- the effects of electric and magnetic fields on particles.
Well-understood particle masses provide data to calibrate detectors.
- Plotting LHC Discovery: Students explore features of mass plots of a well-understood particle and apply what they have learned to plots from new discoveries.
Event displays visualize data. Application of conservation of momentum and energy reveals new phenomena.
- Calculate the Top Quark Mass: Students use conservation laws and vector addition to calculate the top mass from event displays.
- Calculate the Z Mass: Students use conservation laws and vector addition to calculate the Z mass from event displays.
Histograms represent data for analysis and interpretation.
- Mass of U.S. Pennies: Students create and interpret a histogram of penny masses.
Indirect evidence provides data to study particles too small and fleeting to see.
Master teachers developed these activities in conjunction with particle physicists. Some were funded through QuarkNet.
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<urn:uuid:4f7f57f2-4e7e-4a66-a38f-7004a8d3413d>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-18
|
http://ed.fnal.gov/home/educators1000-one-day-invest.shtml
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246633972.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045713-00099-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.867948
| 302
| 4.28125
| 4
|
|If an atomic vapour of bosons is cold and dense enough that the inter-atomic spacing approaches the thermal de Broglie wavelength, then a phase transition occurs and all of the atoms coalesce into the same (lowest energy) quantum state. Such a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which all of the atoms behave in essentially the same way, is thus the atomic analogue of a laser – an atom laser. These atom lasers are extremely cold (~10nK) coherent macroscopic quantum objects large enough to be observed on a simple CCD camera – bringing textbook quantum mechanics to life. Achievements in the field to date ensured the 2001 Nobel Physics Prize for those who first experimentally realised BEC.|
|In 2003 we created the first BEC in Scotland at Strathclyde, joining other groups worldwide, and in 2005 we made one of the world’s first BEC-in-a-ring experiments. Since 2013 we have a new dipole-trap based BEC experiment with magnetic levitation. Our condensates contain a few 105 87Rb atoms in the |F=2,mF=2> state. We like to measure things with our BECs using interferometry, and split and recombine our condensate atoms using either a Young’s slits arrangement with a magnetic trap and optical plug, or a Mach-Zehnder arrangement using Kapitza-Dirac beams that’s sensitive to magnetic gradients and inertial accelerations of a few mG/cm or cm/s2, respectively.|
Fresnel zone plates: We continue to have a strong interest in ring geometries as a means to achieve precision guided matter-wave interferometry. In addition to a variety of one- and two-dimensional micro-fabricated spatially periodic patterns (gratings), we are investigating the use of micro-fabricated transmissive Fresnel holograms for creating arbitrary optical dipole potentials for atomtronics.
Publications: ultracold rings and interferometers
- V.A. Henderson, M.Y.H. Johnson, Y.B. Kale, P.F. Griffin, E. Riis, and A.S. Arnold, Optical characterisation of micro-fabricated Fresnel zone plates for atomic waveguides, Opt. Express 28, 9072-9081 (2020).
- Y. Zhai, C.H. Carson, V.A. Henderson, P.F. Griffin, E. Riis & A.S. Arnold, Talbot-enhanced, maximum-visibility imaging of condensate interference, Optica 5, 80-85 (2018).
- B.I. Robertson, A.R. MacKellar, J. Halket, A. Gribbon, J.D. Pritchard, A.S. Arnold, E. Riis & P.F. Griffin, Detection of applied and ambient forces with a matterwave magnetic-gradiometer, Phys. Rev. A 96, 053622 (2017).
- V.A. Henderson, P.F. Griffin, E. Riis & A.S. Arnold, Comparative simulations of Fresnel holography methods for atomic waveguides, New J. Phys. 18, 025007 (2016).
- G.A. Sinuco-León, K.A. Burrows, A.S. Arnold & B.M. Garraway, Inductively guided circuits for ultracold dressed atoms, Nature Comm. 5, 5289 (2014).
- M. Vangeleyn, B.M. Garraway, H. Perrin & A.S. Arnold, Inductive dressed ring traps for ultracold atoms, J. Phys. B 47, 071001 (2014).
- J.D. Pritchard, A.N. Dinkelaker, A.S. Arnold, P.F. Griffin & E. Riis, Demonstration of an inductively coupled ring trap for cold atoms, New J. Phys. 14, 103047 (2012).
- M.E. Zawadzki, P.F. Griffin, E. Riis & A.S. Arnold, Spatial interference from well-separated split condensates, Phys. Rev. A 81, 043608 (2010).
- N. Houston, E. Riis & A.S. Arnold, Reproducible dynamic dark ring lattices for ultracold atoms, J. Phys. B 41, 211001 (2008).
- P.F. Griffin, E. Riis & A.S. Arnold, Smooth inductively coupled ring trap for atoms, Phys. Rev. A 77, 051402(R) (2008).
- A.S. Arnold, C.S. Garvie & E. Riis, Large magnetic storage ring for Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 73, 041606(R), (2006).
- A.S. Arnold, Adaptable-radius, time-orbiting magnetic ring trap for Bose-Einstein condensates, J. Phys. B 37, L29 (2004).
- A.S. Arnold & E. Riis, Bose-Einstein condensates in ‘giant’ toroidal magnetic traps, J. Mod. Opt. 49, 959 (2002).
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<urn:uuid:e637d57b-1b93-4e7e-9994-726e40a56818>
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CC-MAIN-2021-25
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https://eqop.phys.strath.ac.uk/atom-optics/qt-atom-interferometers/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487649731.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619203250-20210619233250-00344.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.72548
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| 2.59375
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|
...and to celebrate I wanted to share a fun little project I worked on last spring: A complete gourd birdhouse guide! It's almost time to start sowing those gourd seeds!
Why does most corn from the grocery store taste bland?
Once harvested, the sugars in the kernels quickly begin converting to starch. It's helpful to keep corn refrigerated to slow down the conversion process.
What are some helpful growing tips for Northern California gardeners?
MOVE IT IN! Since corn is wind-pollinated, 3-4 short rows planted closely together will have much greater success than long, spaced out rows.
MULCH! Adequate moisture guarantees heartier ears. Mulching around the corn will help the soil retain moisture, especially helpful in the hotter months.
When should you harvest?
You'll see full-sized kernels peeking out at the tip of the ear and silks start to dry and turn brown.
When assessing a space I always take photos from every angle, try to picture the space fully grown, and imagine myself in the landscape. It never hurts to make some quick sketches too- even if drawing isn't your thing. It's helpful to know about how tall plants will get if you plan to have full-sun crops nearby or plan on having seating around the area.
Step 1: Define the spaces that are to be planted. Although the hardscape (brick, stone, or wooden borders) is the negative space, when executed with style it brings the entire space to life.
Step 2: Remove weeds from areas and apply a thick layer of compost. Remember: Even drought tolerant plants benefit from compost.
Step 3: Research before planting to avoid rookie mistakes like an invasive species takeover, crowded and overgrown beds, or lack of necessary support structures. Use companion planting, know when to harvest herbs, and learn the general soil requirements for your plants.
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<urn:uuid:98f45df6-b6ee-49c6-acaf-7bd81e5d1464>
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CC-MAIN-2020-45
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https://www.superfun.space/blog/category/permaculture
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107888402.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20201025070924-20201025100924-00013.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.912928
| 393
| 2.546875
| 3
|
FREE ALL OF MELANESIA.(EDUCATIONAL)
Even after Indonesia’s independence in 1949, Irian Jaya was retained by the Dutch for various reasons. However, Indonesia claimed all of the territory of the former Dutch East Indies, including the Dutch New Guinea holdings, so it invaded Irian Jaya in 1961. It was agreed that the UN should oversee a plebiscite of the people of West Papua, in which they would be given two choices: to remain part of Indonesia or to become an independent nation. This vote was referred to as the ‘Act of Free Choice’.
However, instead of overseeing a free and fair election, little attempt was made by the UN to monitor how things were to play out in practice. Declaring that the Papuans were too ‘primitive’ to cope with democracy, the Indonesian military hand-picked 1,026 ‘representative’ Papuans – out of a population of one million – threatened to kill them and their families if they voted the wrong way, and then told them to choose. The result was ‘unanimous’: West Papua would remain part of Indonesia. Despite protests from the Papuans, a critical report by a UN official and condemnation of the vote in the international media the UN shamefully sanctioned the result and West Papua has remained under control of the Indonesian state ever since.
The result of the vote was understandably rejected by the Free Papua Movement (OPM). The independence movement for West Papua continues today and has in recent years been gaining considerable support internationally, with numerous campaign groups along with the International Parlimentarians for West Papua group. The majority of the protest against Indonesia by Papuans remains peaceful for fear of reprisal however the circumstances have given rise to an armed guerilla wing of the independence movement. See guerrilla warfare against Indonesia.
West Papua was created from the western portion of Papua province in February 2003, initially under the name of Irian Jaya Barat; it was renamed Papua Barat (West Papua) on 7 February 2007.
In November 2004, an Indonesian court agreed that the split violated Papua’s autonomy laws. However, the court ruled that because the new province had already been created, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also prohibited the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya, as that division had not yet been formalised.
The split is inline with the general trend of provincial splits that is occurring in all parts of Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. The new province has so far been widely supported by the province’s inhabitants, as the new entity created more jobs and more government subsidies flowing into the province.
The province changed its name to West Papua on 7 February 2007. The new name applies from that date, but a plenary session of the provincial legislative council is required to legalise the change of name, and the government needs to then issue a regulation.
2) Demographics ( MALUKU )
Maluku’s population is about 2 million, less than 1% of Indonesia’s population.
Over 130 languages were once spoken across the islands; however many have now mixed to form local pidgin dialects of Ternatean and Ambonese, the lingua franca of northern and southern Maluku respectively.
A long history of trade and seafaring has resulted in a high degree of mixed blood ancestry in Malukans.Austronesian peoples added to the native Melanesian population around 2000 BCE. Melanesian features are strongest in the islands of Kei and Aru and amongst the interior people of Seram and Buru islands. Later added to this Austronesian-Melanesian mix were Indian, Arab, Chinese, Portuguese and Dutch genes. More recent arrivals include Bugis trader settlers from Sulawesi and Javanese transmigrants.
3) NEW CALEDONIA : Politics
New Caledonia is a sui generis collectivity to which France has gradually transferred certain powers. It is governed by a 54-member Territorial Congress, a legislative body composed of members of three provincial assemblies. The French State is represented in the territory by a High Commissioner. At a national level, New Caledonia is represented in the French Parliament by two deputies and two senators. At the 2012 French presidential election the voter turnout in New Caledonia was 61.19%.
For 25 years, the party system in New Caledonia was dominated by the anti-independence The Rally–UMP.This dominance ended with the emergence of a new party, Avenir Ensemble, also opposed to independence but considered more open to dialogue with the Kanak movement, which is part of FLNKS, a coalition of several pro-independence groups.
Since 1986 the United Nations Committee on Decolonization has included New Caledonia on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. An independence referendum was held the following year, but was rejected by a large majority.
Under the Noumea Accord, signed in 1998 following a period of secessionist unrest in the 1980s and approved in a referendum, New Caledonia is to hold a second referendum on independence between 2014 and 2018.
The official name of the territory, Nouvelle-Calédonie, could be changed in the near future due to the accord, which stated that “a name, a flag, an anthem, a motto, and the design of banknotes will have to be sought by all parties together, to express the Kanak identity and the future shared by all parties.” To date, however, there has been no consensus on a new name for the territory.
New Caledonia has increasingly adopted its own symbols, choosing an anthem, a motto, and a new design for its banknotes. In July 2010, New Caledonia adopted the Kanak flag, alongside the existing French tricolor, as the dual official flags of the territory. The adoption made New Caledonia one of the few countries or territories in the world with two official national flags. The decision to use two flags has been a constant battleground between the two sides and led the coalition government to collapse in February 2011.
In 2009, 40.3% of the population reported belonging to the Kanak community, 29.2% to the European community and 8.7% to the community originating from Wallis and Futuna. The remaining identified communities represented 7.3% of the population, and included Tahitians (2.0%), Indonesians (1.6%), Vietnamese (1.0%), Ni-Vanuatu (0.9%) other Asian (0.8%) and other (1.0%). 8.3% belonged to multiple communities, 5% declared their community as “Caledonian”, 1.2% did not respond.The question on community belonging, which had been left out of the 2004 census, was reintroduced in 2009 under a new formulation, different from the 1996 census, allowing multiple choices and the possibility to clarify the choice “other”. Most of the people who self-identified as “Caledonian” are thought to be ethnically European.
The Kanak people, part of the Melanesian group, are indigenous to New Caledonia. Their social organization is traditionally based around clans, which identify as either “land” or “sea” clans, depending on their original location and the occupation of their ancestors. According to the 2009 census, the Kanak constitute 94% of the population in the Loyalty Islands Province, 74% in the North Province and 27% in the South Province. The Kanak tend to be of lower socio-economic status than the Europeans and other settlers.
Europeans first settled in New Caledonia when France established a penal colony on the archipelago.Once the prisoners had completed their sentences, they were given land to settle. According to the 2009 census, of the 71,721 Europeans in New Caledonia 32,354 were native-born, 33,551 were born in other parts of France, and 5,816 were born abroad. The Europeans are divided into several groups: the Caldoches are usually defined as those born in New Caledonia who have ancestral ties that span back to the early French settlers. They often settled in the rural areas of the western coast of Grande Terre, where many continue to run large cattle properties.
Distinct from the Caldoches are those were born in New Caledonia from families that had settled more recently, and are called simply Caledonians.The French-born migrants who come to New Caledonia are called métros, indicating their origins in metropolitan France. There is also a community of about 2,000 pieds noirs, descended from European settlers in France’s former North African colonies; some of them are prominent in anti-independence politics, including Pierre Maresca, a leader of the RPCR.
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I’ve learned a lot about the behavior of DC motors from the book Introduction to Mechatronic Design. Much of what I will discuss in this post comes from chapter 20 of this book. Electrical engineers reading this post will laugh at how elementary some of this information is, but it was news to me as a mechanical engineer.
I find that I solidify my understanding of ideas and concepts by writing about them. So what follows is a brief book report on a phenomena often called inductive kickback, which I believe was the cause of the wiring failure on my robot.
A motor is an inductor. Inductors store energy in magnetic fields. When you apply voltage to a motor, a magnetic field is created around the motor. A unique characteristic of inductors is that they resist changes in the flow of electricity through them.
If you were to suddenly disconnect the voltage source, the magnetic field would try to keep electricity flowing through the motor. But because there is no where for that electricity to go, the voltage across the motor terminals increases instead. And it can increase to very high levels, sometimes thousands of volts.
The energy stored in the motor’s magnetic field has to go somewhere. What usually happens is the voltage becomes high enough across the motor terminals that a nearby component becomes a target for electricity to arc through and flow out of the motor.
I didn’t state it in my previous post, but to power on the deck motors I’m using a large relay. To turn them off you have to open the relay, and you end up creating exactly the inductive kickback situation described above. And with nowhere for electricity to flow, I think the voltage between some of my wires became so large that it arced through the insulation.
The damaged wires in the picture above are the + voltage wire on the motors and a battery ground wire, curiously enough. And notice how close they are to each other: a perfect place for electricity to arc. Better than the contacts inside the relay, which was still functional, surprisingly.
I now know why wires are voltage rated: it has nothing to do with the conductor material or size, and everything to do with the insulation. The insulation will only prevent arcing below a certain voltage threshold. And in the field several weeks ago, it looks like I greatly exceeded that threshold, whatever it was for those wires.
I checked the Posi-Lock website, and their connectors are rated for 600V. I don’t remember where I got my wire from. I’m sure it was the cheapest knock-off stuff I could find. The insulation has no identifying marks, so I’m not sure it’s voltage rated at all.
Next post I’ll describe the changes I’m going to make to robustify the wiring and electrical components in the robot mower.
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Cortisol is a hormone that is produced by the adrenal gland in response to stressful events, and modulates a whole spectrum of physiological processes. An international research collaboration has now identified genetic mutations that lead to the production and secretion of cortisol in the absence of an underlying stressor.
Overproduction of cortisol
The discovery emerged from the genetic characterization of benign tumors of the adrenal gland which produce cortisol in excess amounts. Patients who develop such tumors suffer from weight gain, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, diabetes and hypertension. This condition, known as Cushing’s syndrome, can be successfully treated by surgical removal of the affected adrenal gland.
The team, which included researchers from Germany – among them was the Institute of Human Genetics at Helmholtz Zentrum München, France and the US and was led by Professors Felix Beuschlein and Martin Fassnacht of the LMU Medical Center, were able to show that in one-third of a patient population with such adrenal tumors, a mutation in the gene for the enzyme phosphokinase A was specifically associated with the continuous production of cortisol. This mutation had occurred in the adrenal gland and is therefore restricted to the tumor cells.
Phosphokinase A permanently activated
“The gene for phosphokinase A plays a key role in the regulation of adrenal gland function, and the newly identified mutation causes it to become irreversibly activated, which results in the unrestrained production of cortisol,” says Felix Beuschlein. In collaboration with a group at the US National Institutes of Health, the team was also able to identify patients who carry similar genetic alterations in their germline DNA. In these families, Cushing’s syndrome occurs as a heritable genetic disease.
The elucidation of the genetic mechanism responsible for a significant fraction of cases of Cushing’s syndrome provides a new diagnostic tool, and may also lead to new approaches to treatment.
To enable further investigations towards this end, the German Cushing Register, which is maintained by Professor Martin Reincke at the LMU Medical Center, has received a grant of 400,000 euros from the Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation. A recently initiated European research consortium devoted to the study of Cushing’s syndrome, of which Professors Beuschlein and Fassnacht are members is supported by a grant of 700,000 euros from the ERA-NET program administered by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research.
Beuschlein, F. et al. (2014). Constitutive Activation of PKA Catalytic Subunit in Adrenal Cushing’s Syndrome, New England Journal of Medicine, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1310359
Helmholtz Zentrum München, as German Research Center for Environmental Health, pursues the goal of developing personalized medical approaches for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of major widespread diseases such as diabetes mellitus and lung diseases. To achieve this, it investigates the interaction of genetics, environmental factors and lifestyle. The head office of the Center is located in Neuherberg in the north of Munich. Helmholtz Zentrum München has a staff of about 2,200 people and is a member of the Helmholtz Association, a community of 18 scientific-technical and medical-biological research centers with a total of about 34,000 staff members.
Dr. Tim Strom, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Human Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany – Tel. +49 89 3187-3297 – E-mail
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Doctors and others warn against the dangers of an unhealthy diet and promote those good-for-you foods such as fish, vegetables, and fruits as the go-to diet for good health and weight management. But,if you’re stressed, those good foods that you’re eating may actually be going to waste! Can this really happen?
- A new study from the journal Molecular Psychiatry found evidence that daily stress can negate the effects of healthy eating. Does that mean that a frustrating morning commute or a difficult day at work really tricks the body into thinking that kale Caesar salad is a cheesesteak?
- The experiment looked at two types of fat: saturated fats, like the ones found in meat and dairy, which can be pro-inflammatory and lead to tissue damage in vital organs; and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat, found in vegetable oils and in poultry fat, which has the opposite effect.
- The results of the blood tests showed that the bodies of the unstressed women reacted differently to both meals, but the blood tests of the “stressed” women showed that their bodies reacted similarly to both meals
“To determine whether stress made the body react to monounsaturated fat as if it were saturated fat, the experiment required that each woman eat two almost identical meals of eggs, turkey sausage, and biscuits and gravy, on two separate occasions, over the span of one to four weeks.”
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Projects › ProtectCLE
By focusing on small areas, sometimes familiar, sometimes overlooked, we can better understand how to protect the biodiversity around us.
Two ways to be a citizen scientist
1. It's amazing how much life can be found in one cubic foot. Discover what plants and animals share our biosphere inside Biocubes—Life in a Cubic Foot, a citizen science project brought to you by The Smithsonian with local organization by The Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The museum is monitoring biocubes of its own in its Perkins Wildlife Center and at Mentor Marsh, and we invite you to try your hand at building a biocube, and place it for observation in your yard or a natural area.
2. Our planet is facing a biodiversity crisis, but there are practical ways that you can help add to scientists’ knowledge about our ecosystem. The natural history museum has created a way to deepen our connection to nature. By participating in ProtectCLE, you are increasing the amount of information about urban, suburban, and rural Ohio environments that is freely available to scientists.
1. Choose a 1-cubic-foot study site. It can be a spot in a park, schoolyard, or vacant lot, even a puddle or a spot on a sidewalk. Using a biocube to set a study site helps you focus on all the species without being overwhelmed. Click here for full biocube instructions.
2. Observe and photograph plants and animals inside this one-foot cube. Catalog as many or as few of the species you want. Collect insects in a jar to photograph, then return them. Watch from a window—a squirrel might hop through. Count and photograph the plants you see; weeds and trees count, too. Click here for data collection & photography tips.
3. Share your data with the science community. Post your images to the iNaturalist online database. iNaturalist is a community of nature lovers and scientists who pool their data to create a real-time picture of life on our planet. Posting all the species you find lets scientists look for relationships and patterns that might otherwise be hard to see. Even post stuff you can’t identify—the iNaturalist community will help identify it for you! Click here for more information about iNaturalist and the iNaturalist apps.
The Museum’s Natural Areas Division currently protects over 10,000 acres of land throughout Northeast Ohio. ProtectCLE encourages local citizens to become stewards of preservation and conservation, “adding to the acreage” of protected land in our community one cubic foot at a time.
Additionally, all ProtectCLE data on iNaturalist will link to the Lake Erie Allegheny Partnership for Biodiversity (LEAP), a consortium of organizations that work to enhance and protect the biodiversity of our habitats and ecosystems. Together, we can contribute to the documentation and preservation of the diverse natural communities in the Cleveland area.
Going to school
The natural history museum is working with Sean Sullivan, a science teacher in the Cleveland Heights/University Heights (CHUH) School District, to build a curriculum for grades 3-5 and produce a kit for the Museum’s Educator Resource Center (ERC). The ERC is dedicated to supplying educators of Northeast Ohio with the skills, materials, and information to present science lessons in an interdisciplinary manner that is accurate, effective, and engaging.)
This school year the ERC will be piloting this project with a group of elementary-school teachers and their students from CHUH, as well as with outdoor educators at Citizen’s Leadership Academy and Citizen’s Leadership Academy East middle schools.
During the pilot year, the select group of teachers will work with the ERC team to deploy, monitor, and collect data from cubes they keep in their schoolyards. The students will then use the mobile app iNaturalist to document any specimens they find and share data with other citizen scientists. Once the project is underway, students will be able to compare their schoolyard specimen data with the Museum’s biocube data on our website. The students' data will also be tagged to LEAP (Lake Erie Allegheny Partnership for Biodiversity) through iNaturalist, which will allow them to contribute to a local citizen-science project and assist with the important effort of building a biological profile of our community.
10 ways to stay cool and save >
See these tips to beat the heat and save money.
10 best ecological restoration >
Cities are healthier as a whole when nature is invited in.
Find local food >
Explore local food resources and a map of farmers markets in Northeast Ohio
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Physicist uses computer models to predict the limits of BMX tricks, then arranges a road show to demonstrate them and get people interested in physics, as part of “Einstein Year”.
‘The stunt was created by Cambridge physicist Helen Czerski in collaboration with professional BMX rider Ben Wallace. Ms Czerski claims the stunt is “pushing the boundaries of what it is humanly possible to do on a bike”.
Mr Wallace, 18, a competitor in extreme sports events around the world, will launch off a 1.8m (6ft) high ramp and spin backwards through 360 degrees while simultaneously folding his bike underneath him in a move known to BMX devotees as a ‘tabletop’.
At one point, onlookers should see him upside down, travelling at 15mph, with his head almost 4m off the floor.’
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Student Ideas about Kepler’s Laws and Planetary Orbital Motions
We present the analysis of oral interviews with 112 undergraduate nonmajor students during the first week of a General Education Introduction to Astronomy class before they had received any instruction. The students were asked questions relating to Kepler’s three Laws of Motion, as well as their understanding of what keeps planets in orbit around the Sun. The most common misconception found in about three-quarters of the interviews is the belief that planetary orbits about the Sun are highly elliptical. Less common ideas include a mix of circular and highly elliptical orbital shapes. Many students have conceptions consistent with the Kepler’s Second and Third Laws of Motion, and the ease with which these models are adopted by students may suggest some ways to teach these concepts via analogy. The types of ideas about orbital shapes and orbital behavior may originate in common depictions of orbits often seen in print and on the Internet.
Yu, K. C., Sahami, K., & Denn, G. 2010, Astronomy Education Review, 9(1)
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A Relaxed, Free Style of Dance
Focusing on the expression of inner feelings, Modern Dance allows students to show off their individuality.
Born in the early 20th century, Modern is a style that centers on a Dancer’s own interpretations instead of structured steps, as in traditional Ballet Dance.
Modern Dance pioneers often danced barefooted and in very free flowing Dance attire, something we see in Dance schools and Performing Arts high school and colleges across the country today.
The legendary Martha Graham is credited for paving the way for American Modern Dance.
If considering attending a College for Dance Education it is strongly suggest that this class be taken, as most of the curriculum in Dance Colleges are centered on Modern Dance.
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Buy this flag, or any country flag here
Adopted on April 27, 1994, the flag of South Africa was designed to symbolize unity. The red, white and blue colors were taken from the colors of the Boer Republics.
The yellow, black and green are taken from the African National Congress (ANC) flag. Black symbolises the people, green the fertility of the land, and gold the mineral wealth beneath the soil. Those colors were adopted by the ANC in 1925.
all Country Flags here!
Map of South Africa here!
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The density of an object is its mass divided by its volume.
This idea is easily extended to apply to materials in general. The density of a material is the amount of mass per unit volume of the material.
- Water has a density of 1000 kilogram per cubic metre.
- Air at normal pressure has a density close to 1 kilogram per cubic metre.
- Some members of sciforums have very high densities.
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Compassion Project at Powell River
Although compassion is a cornerstone of every major faith in the world, it is also a secular and universal human value. Compassion is essential to safe and caring schools and to the larger community. Compassion gives us the ability to feel with others and brings us into the presence of something greater than ourselves. It helps us to address the issues that we face both locally and globally. Compassion is fundamental to devloping socially responsible citizens who can address the global challenges we face.
Initiative bridges generation gap
As a result of the Compassion Project which was initiated at Brooks Secondary School in 2010, there has been a growing emphasis on compassionate action in all of the district schools. On June 23, 2012, School District 47 students celebrated the community of Powell River joining the global campaign for compassionate action at the Max Cameron Theatre. The schools of Powell River are the first entire district in Canada to be named compassionate schools.
Students look to their elders for wisdom and advice
In their search for the meaning of kindness, the students of Brooks Secondary School’s Compassion Project are tapping into the experience and knowledge of older generations for answers.
Powell River Compassionate Action Network brings community leaders together to affirm Charter for Compassion
As a component of the school’s ongoing compassion project, students and teachers created a documentary focusing on the meaning of compassion to different generations and exploring what each can learn from the other. Adults from the community were invited by the students to take part in videotaped interviews for the documentary. Elders from Tla’Amin (Sliammon) First Nation, relatives of students, community leaders and others sat down to talk about their definition of compassion and to impart wisdom to the students.
Students said many of the adults they interviewed expressed concern that modern technology is drastically changing the way people interact with each other. People felt that with text messaging, Facebook and other social media the amount of contact between people may be going up, but the level of real, meaningful connections between people is suffering. Perhaps surprisingly the students were inclined to agree.
“We are losing so much [of our] social skills to that and our social skills are why we’re compassionate because we can talk to each other and share feelings,” said James Blakeney, grade 11. “But we don’t share feelings anymore, because there’s no emotion in technology.”
Students and adults also discussed the difference between generations in terms of work ethic and the current sense of entitlement found in the younger generation. Again, students agreed with the adults who felt that young people today don’t understand or appreciate working for what they have. This notion extends to being compassionate also, which needs to be acted upon and worked toward rather than thought about or expected.
“When we were asking them ‘how do you be compassionate?’ they just said ‘go do it,’” said Andrew Baron, grade 12. “They don’t talk about it. Don’t say you’re going to do it, just do it.”
Gertie McNair, at 90 years of age, believes compassion never gets old. McNair, who students interviewed for the documentary, said she thinks the project is terrific and that the students have some tremendous ideas on how to boost compassion in the community. For the documentary she talked to the students about growing up during the depression and learning about compassion through necessity. She said even now she believes the best approach to making the world a little nicer to get around in is to show kindness to people everyday through the way you act.
“All the little things, when you’re older you notice them more than the younger generation do,” said McNair. “It’s just general things. Try and help people, do what you can to make them smile.”
Both students and adults agree that the answer to fixing these actions, to becoming more compassionate, is to walk the walk. The students said that going out and living their lives with compassion and treating others as they would want to be treated is the simplest yet most effective way to elicit change.
The project’s Compassion Challenge is all about just that: going out and doing nice things for people for no other reward than feeling good about yourself and more connected with others. Students are challenging the community to help out with this by committing random acts of kindness on Thursday, May 26. The public is encouraged on this day to do something nice for someone, document it with a photo, video or story and send it to the students for them to post online and eventually on boards in the community. The goal is to collect 10,000 acts of kindness.
“We do have the ability to bring compassion back and if we all work together we can do it,” said Blakeney. “It can’t just be a couple of people doing it all.”
Source: Pikeline, May 2011; http://prpeak.com/articles/2011/05/18/community/doc4dd30decc3449951546158.txt
Location: Powell River, BC, Canada
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Having a poor night’s sleep can affect our mood and performance. It makes us feel tired and without motivation for the day ahead.
If you are a first-time mother, you may experience the ‘baby blues’. This is often associated with hormonal imbalance happening after labour but can also be attributed to abrupt changes in sleep patterns and cycles during the perinatal period.
Poor sleep is a serious situation for new parents so you need to catch up on sleep whenever possible. The following tips may help you and your baby sleep better and for longer:
- Adjust your sleep routine to your baby by avoiding turning on the lights in the night when nursing or changing his/her nappy, use only a dim light.
- Take some naps during the day if you can and start teaching your baby, as early as possible, a ‘sleep ritual’. For example, play some lullabies when the baby is awake in the cot and turn off the lights after a warm bath.
- Babies will often cry when you leave the room, check on them intermittently every few minutes but do not pick them up. Use a white-noise or a sleeping sound to cue for sleep consistency. As the baby grows, he/she will assume it is time to sleep and easily settle.
If you have trouble sleeping generally, try the following strategies to improve the quality and duration of your sleep:
- Understand and evaluate how much sleep you are actually getting a night. You can use a simple diary to note when you went to sleep and how long you slept for. If you spent too much time awake in bed for example 10 hours but only slept for 7 hours, try finding a relaxing activity for those three hours instead of lying awake in bed tossing and turning.
- Restrict your sleep to only when you are sleepy so that you sleep more continuously and go to sleep faster.
- Keep your sleep schedule constant. Stay consistent with the times you go to bed or wake up, including holidays and weekends. This helps your body-clock stay in sync.
- Avoid stimulating substances such as nicotine and caffeine too close to bedtime as well as having too many fluids before bed as this can disrupt your sleep by keeping you awake or waking you up to use the toilet.
- Ensure your lifestyle is conducive to a good sleep by doing regular exercise and only eating healthy and light foods before sleep.
- Make sure your bedroom is cosy, cool and dark.
- It’s important to restrict the use of technology and screen time at least two hours before bedtime.
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CC-MAIN-2020-16
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en
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A Green member of Parliament has suggested that the federal government is hoping to use the Paris Agreement to obtain a break on emissions for shipping liquefied natural gas out of the country.
In Question Period on Friday (June 14), Paul Manly said he was "astounded to learn" that the Trudeau government thinks it can invoke article 6 of the landmark climate pact "to earn carbon credits for exporting fracked gas to Asian markets".
It was in reference to previous comments by Natural Resources Minister Amarjeet Sohi.
"Does the government not realize that fracked gas has the same carbon footprint as coal?" the recently elected Nanaimo-Ladysmith MP asked.
Sean Fraser, parliamentary secretary to the minister of environment and climate change, replied that he's aware of article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
It authorizes "internationally transferred mitigation outcomes to achieve nationally determined contributions". These "shall be voluntary and authorized by participating Parties".
"Our plan to reduce emissions is not just to displace global emissions by producing more and more oil and gas products in Canada," Fraser said, "but to actually reduce our consumption in Canada as well.
"We are doing so through over 50 measures, including putting a price on pollution, moving toward 90 percent of our electricity being generated from non-emitting resources by 2030, and making the largest investment in public transit and record investments in efficiency, green technology and others."
Proponents of the LNG industry claim that this fuel will replace the use of coal in other countries, reducing overall emissions globally.
But critics, including Manly, say this overlooks the magnitude of methane emissions associated with fracking natural gas, which is later liquefied and shipped abroad.
"While carbon dioxide is typically painted as the bad boy of greenhouse gases, methane is roughly 30 times more potent as a heat trapping gas," Science Daily reported in 2014, citing research at Princeton University.
Hence the claim that fracked gas is just as devastating for the climate as coal.
Others sharing those concerns also point out that LNG exports might actually displace renewable energy use in Asia.
One thing is clear: no matter how many fossil fuels are exported from Canada, their use overseas will not be counted in the country's overall emissions under the Paris Agreement.
That was made clear in a 2017 report by Marc Lee, a senior economist in the B.C. office of the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.
In Extracted Carbon: Re-examining Canada's Contribution to Climate Change Through Fossil Fuel Exports, he pointed out that just over half of the carbon extracted in Canada is used for domestic purposes, with the rest exported.
Overall, Canada's extracted carbon resources rose by 26 percent from 2000 to 2015, according to Lee.
"A major shortcoming of the Paris Agreement is that countries have committed to reducing emissions within their borders, but not the carbon that is extracted and burned elsewhere," he wrote. "For example, when Canada expands its production of fossil fuels, only the emissions from extraction and processing prior to export are counted in Canada's greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, not the much larger emissions when those exported fossil fuels are combusted in the United States or Asia."
To cite one example, a City of Vancouver analysis concluded that the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project would result in 71.1 megatonnes of downstream carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions per year.
Because this diluted bitumen will be burned in other countries, its downstream use is not counted as part of Canada's emissions by the federal government.
This is the case even though each year, they will exceed the entire total of carbon dioxide equivalents—62.3 megatonnes—released in British Columbia in 2016.
Those are in addition to the 7.7 megatonnes of annual new upstream emissions from the pipeline expansion, as estimated by the city. These upstream emissions will be included in Canada's reported total under the Paris Agreement.
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CC-MAIN-2020-40
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One of the advantages of living in the Las Vegas Valley is that there are flowers that continue to grow in outdoor beds through the colder winter months.
There is an abundance of annual flowering plants that can withstand the cold and winds of Vegas winters if planted early enough to get established roots before the lowest temperatures hit.
Around the valley in October and November you will see landscape beds being replanted with these hardy annuals. In a matter of minutes carpets of color are laid out in flowerbeds using seedlings that are already in full bloom at the purchase point.
Cyclamen are a bright addition to a garden or patio and one plant can be used as a focal point. They do not mind the cold but too much sun can cause them to wilt. Plant them on the north side of the house or wall. The south side of a house or wall is best for annuals that need a little more warmth and sun. Pansy, Snapdragons, Stocks and Flowering Cabbage do well in full exposure.
Greenhouse flower growers produce millions of annuals per year in the United States providing instant color for landscapes and homeowners across the country.
Each year growers find new varieties of flowering plants and hybrids and put them on the market. Try a few of the newer ones that catch your eye and see if they do well in your garden.
The nurseries, hardware stores and garden sections of businesses are bringing in the ready to plant annuals in small six packs for quick and easy planting.
Plant now and enjoy the lively colors throughout the season. Some are fragrant and so use your eyes and nose to pick the ones that are right for you.
Plant seedlings in a line or grid pattern to fill in large garden areas. Tuck a few in small empty spaces in the garden or pots for a little color.
As with all new plantings, keep an eye on them and baby them with regular watering until the roots have spread down and out. As they continue to grow mulch and fertilize lightly on a regular basis. When they are grown in the greenhouses they have regular watering with fertilizer on a set program to keep them growing and healthy.
When using fertilizers be sure to follow the directions on the label carefully. Too much can burn the roots and leaves. Be careful not to increase the amount used. In this case more is not better. It is better to err on the low side as too little can always be rectified by an increase if needed.
Too much nitrogen can also produce soft leaves that will be easily damaged by wind and cold or insects. A slow, steady, strong growth is the best.
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CC-MAIN-2013-48
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http://www.examiner.com/article/cool-season-flowers-that-grow-through-the-winter
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|
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This past year, the University of New Hampshire’s Forest Watch program doubled the number of participating schools with more than 1,000 students from 28 schools collecting samples, measuring foliage, and analyzing spectral data to assess white pine health across the New England region. Students also collected data for a new component of the program monitoring the health of sugar maples.
Now in its 23rd year, the K-12, inquiry-based science program will celebrate its recent growth and successful research efforts when an estimated 100 students visit the UNH Durham campus Friday, May 31, 2013, for the program’s third annual convention.
Students will present their most recent research findings to the program’s founding director Barrett Rock, professor emeritus of the UNH Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and the department of natural resources and the environment, and other forestry scientists.
“These students have alerted us to needle damage in white pine not seen during the first two decades of the program,” says Rock. “As a result of the revitalization of the program, and adding Maple Watch activities, the data from students is helping UNH scientists assess overall forest health issues region wide. We are learning factors other than air pollution are affecting our forests.”
Maple Watch is a new component of the overall Forest Watch program and was added in the wake of evidence that the region’s signature sugar maple trees are being stressed by climate change and related atmospheric pollution events.
Forest Watch coordinator Martha Carlson notes that the program’s traditional protocols, which guide students and their teachers in the study of how ozone, or smog, impacts white pine health, are flexible enough to allow for a multiplicity of different applications to different age levels and curricular interests, including math, botany, physics, technology and chemistry.
Says Carlson, “Forest Watch combines botanical studies with the physics of light, atmospheric chemistry, tree chemistry and physics, and remote sensing technologies needed to study the forest. As such, the multidisciplinary program helps teachers meet new standards in Earth systems sciences.”
Due to the flexibility and multidisciplinary nature of the program, many students develop their own research projects, the results of which will also be presented at this year’s annual convention.
For example, students from Vermont’s St. Johnsbury High School have been learning to use a form of calculus to assess chlorophyll concentrations in the pine needles they collected, and at the Bonny Eagle High School in Standish, Maine, students have adapted the program’s white pine protocols to study hemlocks and vernal pools surrounding their school.
During the convention, students will also meet with a UNH plant pathologist to learn how pine weevils are damaging their young pines and see how pathologists test needles for fungal fruiting bodies that may be the cause of widespread needle cast among the white pines recently. Indeed, it was Forest Watch student-collected data that first demonstrated a dramatic loss of needles in 2012, and schools are now working with pathologists to try and understand what might have made the pines susceptible to the fungi.
Students participating in this year’s convention will also be introduced to aspects of EOS research being conducted in solar plasma physics, Arctic climate change, soil fungi, and spectrophotometry.
Carlson notes that the program’s summer teacher-training workshop will be held August 6, 7, and 8 at UNH and encourages interested teachers to register by visiting the program website at forestwatch.sr.unh.edu.
The University of New Hampshire, founded in 1866, is a world-class public research university with the feel of a New England liberal arts college. A land, sea, and space-grant university, UNH is the state's flagship public institution, enrolling 12,200 undergraduate and 2,300 graduate students.
Photograph to download:
Caption: Barry Rock mentors a group of Forest Watch students during the summer of 2012. Photo by Kristi Donahue, UNH-EOS.
The Forest Watch conference will be held at Morse Hall at UNH beginning at 10 a.m. For specific details on the day's events, contact program coordinator Martha Carlson at email@example.com.
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CC-MAIN-2014-52
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http://www.unh.edu/news/releases/2013/may/ds29forest.cfm
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Student Representational Competence and the Role of Instructional Environment in Introductory Physics Documents
Student Representational Competence and the Role of Instructional Environment in Introductory Physics
Patrick B. Kohl and
Noah D. Finkelstein
In a previous study of a traditional, large-lecture algebra-based physics course, we demonstrated that giving students a choice of representational format when they solve quiz problems could have either significantly positive or negative performance effects, depending on the topic and representation used. Further, we see that students are not necessarily aware of the representation with which they are most competent. Here, we extend these results by considering two courses taught by a reform-style instructor. These performance data are substantially different in character, with the students from the reform courses showing much smaller performance variations when given a choice of representation. From these data, we hypothesize that students in the reform courses may be learning a broader set of representational skills than students in the traditional course. We therefore examine major components of the courses (exams, homeworks, lectures) to characterize the use of different representations. We find that the reform courses make use of richer selections of representations, and make more frequent use of multiple representations, suggesting a mechanism by which these students could have learned these broader skills.
- Download PERC05_Kohl.pdf - 898kb Adobe PDF Document
Published February 14, 2006
Last Modified July 9, 2013
This file is included in the full-text index.
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CC-MAIN-2014-15
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en
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A/P is the designation used for an artist proof, or artist's proof. These prints are made prior to the limited edition series. A/P is usually printed in the lower left hand corner and may be followed by a number.
Other People Are Reading
Before modern printing practices, lithographers hand-pulled prints and the printing plate degraded with each subsequent print. The first productions were considered the most desirable, as they were the finest quality. These were usually given to the artist as payment for signing the lithographs, which would then be sold by the publisher.
Current technology ensures all prints are of the same quality; therefore an artist's proof, or a later number in a limited edition series are identical. This applies to prints of artwork and fine art photography. Artist's proofs are not technically necessary today, however the tradition still holds.
Hand-pulled artist's proofs are considered more valuable than the limited edition series, because they are of better quality and are the property of the artist. Artist's proofs usually number 10 per cent or less of an edition and this also increases the value. The art world is polarised as to whether photographic artist proofs or those made with modern printing techniques are as valuable. Collectors should look for proofs signed by the artist.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
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<urn:uuid:e0f59fc9-5cba-4c0c-bcf4-86c941d8cc2c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-09
|
http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_7696542_ap-mean-regards-paintingprint.html
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|
en
| 0.972002
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What are complete dentures?
Full dentures, or complete dentures, are a removable device that can be used to replace missing teeth. The denture teeth are made out of porcelain or acrylic and held together by an acrylic base. Partial dentures are similar but only used to replace some teeth, whilst a complete denture is a replacement for the full set.
Full dentures may be needed when you lose all of your teeth and they can help fill out your appearance again, and leaving you feeling more confident to smile.
How are dentures made?
The base of a denture is intended to mimic natural gum tissue and is made up of carefully pigmented acrylic known as polymethyl methacrylate, or PMMA. The visible PMMA surfaces are highly polished to look as natural as possible, and they also help to prevent the build-up of bacteria on your dentures to keep them feeling fresh and clean.
Upper dentures tend to cover the roof of your mouth, while the lower denture is U-shaped to ensure there is enough room for your tongue.
Both upper and lower dentures rest on the gum tissue, and suction helps to keep them in place. Denture adhesive can also help secure your dentures and stop any food particles from causing discomfort, which can happen if they become trapped under the denture.
Getting used to life with dentures
It may take a little time to get used to your dentures, but by talking to your dentist, they’ll be able to advise on what to expect and help put your mind at ease.
Eating and speaking with your dentures may be a little difficult at first but rest assured, with a little practice, you’ll be back to your normal self in no time.
To help keep your dentures in good shape, try and stick to a thorough daily cleaning regime. Removing them at night (unless told otherwise) will give your gums a rest and storing them safely when not in use will help to maintain their appearance.
Full dentures can have a positive outcome on your life, bringing the smile back to your face and helping you get back to feeling like yourself.
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<urn:uuid:ed77fdce-e343-4279-b0dd-2d23d9168bd7>
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CC-MAIN-2019-51
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https://www.mydenturecare.com/en-ph/expert-advice/getting-dentures/what-are-complete-dentures/
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en
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At my Sacramento dental office, one of the first things we do when meeting new patients is go over a complete health history. What are we looking for? Things like diabetes, heart disease, etc. Why? Because they can sometimes cause specific symptoms that affect not just your overall health, but your oral health too. Diabetes in particular can lead to an increased risk of periodontal (gum) disease. Here are some frequently asked questions we get about diabetes and how it affects our oral health.
“What Should I Share With My Dentist About My Diabetes?”
We love getting to know our patients in order to better understand how we can help their smile be healthy and last a lifetime.
If you’ve been diagnosed with diabetes, it’s important to share these things:
- Any changes in your prescriptions or health
- Your results of some of your diabetes blood tests (the A1C or fasting blood glucose)
- Your need for antibiotics before and after dental treatment for uncontrolled diabetes
“How Does My Blood Sugar Affect My Oral Health?”
We understand that maintaining your blood glucose levels isn’t always easy. But did you know that keeping these numbers stable also helps oral health too? It helps reduce your risk of losing teeth, gum disease, and other problems. Your Sacramento dentist knows that the presence of gum disease may also play a role in the rise of blood sugar, making diabetes even more difficult to regulate.
“Is Brushing and Flossing Different With Diabetes?”
Keeping up with your regular brushing and flossing routine at home isn’t any different, whether or not you’re living with diabetes. It’s always important to brush twice daily and floss once — no matter what illness you may or may not have. Try using a fluoride toothpaste for added decay defense, and brushing in the morning and at night. Your toothbrush should have soft bristles that work best to clean teeth with soft circular motions.
“What About Diabetes and My Diet?”
Since patients living with diabetes are restricted from consuming sugary foods, this is extremely helpful for teeth too. Always be sure to work with your doctor to find the right kind of dietary plan to suit your needs. We always recommend making plenty of veggies, fruits, and whole grains a part of your diet.
At my dental office in Sacramento, we are always available to answer any questions you may have about diabetes and how it can affect oral health. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or if you ever notice any changes in your mouth or teeth.
Welcoming patients from Sacramento, Natomas, Rio Linda.
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CC-MAIN-2021-31
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en
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Linux Kernel Installation
Kernel sources for Linux are available from a large number of ftp sites and on almost every Linux distribution CD-ROM. For starters, you can go to ftp.funet.fi, the primary site for the Linux kernel. This site has a list of mirror sites from which you can download the kernel. Choosing the site nearest you helps decrease overall Internet traffic.
Once you've obtained the source, put it in the /usr/src directory. Create a subdirectory to hold the source files once they are unpacked using tar. I recommend naming the directories something like linux-2.0.30 or kernel-2.0.30, substituting your version numbers. Create a link to this subdirectory called linux using the following command:
ln -sf linux-2.0.30 linux
I included the -f in the link command because if you already have a kernel source in /usr/src, it will contain this link too, and we want to force it to look in our subdirectory.1 The only time you may have a problem is if linux is a subdirectory name, not a link. If you have this problem, you'll have to rename the subdirectory before continuing:
mv linux linux-2.0.8Now issue the command:
tar xzvf linux-kernel-source.tar.gzI have a habit of always including w (wait for confirmation) in the tar option string, then when I see that the .tar.gz or .tgz file is going to unpack into its own subdirectory, I ctrl-C out and reissue the command without the w. This way I can prevent corrupted archives from unpacking into the current directory.
On some versions of ln (notably version 3.13), the force option (-f) does not work. You'll have to first remove the link then establish it again. This works correctly by version 3.16.
Once you have the kernel unpacked, if you have any patches you wish to apply, now is a good time. Let's say you don't wish to run kernel 2.0.30, but you do want the tcp-syn-cookies. Copy the patch (called tcp-syn-cookies-patch-1) into the /usr/src directory and issue the command:
patch < tcp-syn-cookies-patch-1
This command applies the patch to the kernel. Look for files with an .rej extension in in the /usr/src directory. These files didn't patch properly. They may be unimportant, but peruse them anyway. If you installed a Red Hat system with some but not all of the kernel source (SPARC, PowerPC, etc.), you'll see some of these files. As long as they're not for your architecture, you're okay.
As a final note, before we change (cd) into the kernel source directory and start building our new kernel, let's check some links that are needed. In your /usr/include directory, make sure you have the following soft links:
asm - /usr/src/linux/include/asm linux - /usr/src/linux/include/linux scsi - /usr/src/linux/include/scsi
Now, you see another reason to standardize the location of the kernel. If you don't put the latest kernel you wish to install in /usr/src/linux (via a link), the above links will not reach their intended target (dangling links), and the kernel may fail to compile.
Once everything else is set up, change directories into /usr/src/linux. Although you may want to stop off and peruse some of the documentation in the Documentation directory, particularly if you have any special hardware needs. Also, several of the CD-ROM drivers need to be built with customized settings. While they usually work as is, these drivers may give warning messages when loaded. If this doesn't bother you and they work as they should, don't worry. Otherwise, read the appropriate .txt, .h (header) files and .c (c code) files. For the most part, I have found them to be well commented and easy to configure. If you don't feel brave, you don't have to do it. Just remember you can always restore the original file by unpacking the gzipped tar file (or reinstalling the .rpm files) again.
The first command I recommend you issue is:
While this command is not necessary when the kernel source is in pristine condition, it is a good habit to cultivate. This command ensures that old object files are not littering the source tree and are not used or in the way.
Now, you're ready to configure the kernel. Before starting, you'll need to understand a little about modules. Think of a module as something you can plug into the kernel for a special purpose. If you have a small network at home and sometimes want to use it (but not always), maybe you'll want to compile your Ethernet card as a module. To use the module, the machine must be running and have access to the /lib/modules This means that the drive (IDE, SCSI, etc., but could be an ethernet card in the case of nfs), the file system (normally ext2 but could be nfs) and the kernel type (hopefully elf) must be compiled in and cannot be modules. Modules aren't available until the kernel is loaded, the drive (or network) accessed, and the file system mounted. These files must be compiled into the kernel or it will not be able to mount the root partition. If you're mounting the root partition over the network, you'll need the network file system module, and your Ethernet card compiled.
Why use modules? Modules make the kernel smaller. This reduces the amount of protected space never given up by the kernel. Modules load and unload and that memory can be reallocated. If you use a module more than about 90% of the time the machine is up, compile it. Using a module in this case can be wasteful of memory, because while the module takes up the same amount of memory as if it were compiled, the kernel needs a little more code to have a hook for the module. Remember, the kernel runs in protected space, but the modules don't. That said, I don't often follow my own advice. I compile in: ext2, IDE and elf support only. While I use an Ethernet card almost all the time, I compile everything else as modules: a.out, java, floppy, iso9660, msdos, minix, vfat, smb, nfs, smc-ultra (Ethernet card), serial, printer, sound, ppp, etc. Many of these only run for a few minutes at a time here and there.
The next step is to configure the kernel. Here we have three choices—while all do the same thing, I recommend using one of the graphical methods. The old way was to simply type: make config. This begins a long series of questions. However, if you make a mistake, your only option is to press ctrl-C and begin again. You also can't go back in the sequence, and some questions depend on previous answers. If for some reason you absolutely can't use either of the graphical methods, be my guest.
I recommend using either make menuconfig or make xconfig. In order to use menuconfig, you must have installed the ncurses-dev and the tk4-dev libraries. If you didn't install them and you don't want to use the next method, I highly recommend that you install them now. You can always uninstall them later.
To run make xconfig, you must install and configure X. Since X is such a memory hog, I install, configure and startx only for this portion of the process, going back to a console while the kernel compiles so it can have all the memory it needs. The xconfig menu is, in my opinion, the best and easiest way to configure the kernel. Under menuconfig, if you disable an option, any subordinate options are not shown. Under xconfig, if you disable an option, subordinate options still show, they are just greyed out. I like this because I can see what's been added since the last kernel. I may want to enable an option to get one of the new sub-options in order to to experiment with it.
I'm going to take some space here to describe the sections in the kernel configuration and tell you some of the things I've discovered—mostly the hard way.
The first section is the code-maturity-level option. The only question is whether you want to use developmental drivers and code. You may not have a choice if you have some bleeding edge hardware. If you choose “no”, the experimental code is greyed out or not shown. If you use this kernel for commercial production purposes, you'll probably want to choose “no”.
The second section concerns modules. If you want modules, choose “yes” for questions 1 and 3. If you want to use proprietary modules that come with certain distributions, such as Caldera's OpenLinux for their Netware support, also answer “yes” to the second question since you won't be able to recompile the module.
The third section is general setup. Do compile the kernel as ELF and compile support for ELF binaries. Not compiling the proper support is a definite “gotcha”. You'll get more efficient code compiling the kernel for the machine's specific architecture (Pentium or 486), but a 386 kernel will run in any 32-bit Intel compatible clone; a Pentium kernel won't. An emergency boot disk for a large number of computers (as well as distribution install disks) is best compiled as a 386. However, a 386 will not run a kernel compiled for a Pentium.
Next comes block devices—nothing special here. If your root device is on an IDE drive, just make sure you compile it.
Then comes networking. For computers not connected to a network, you won't need much here unless you plan to use one computer to dial-out while others connect through it. In this case, you'll need to read up on such things as masquerading and follow the suggested guidelines.
SCSI support is next, though why it doesn't directly follow block devices I don't know. If your root partition is on a SCSI device, don't choose modules for SCSI support.
SCSI low-level drivers follow general SCSI support. Again, modules only for devices that don't contain the root partition.
The next section takes us back to networking again. Expect to do a lot of looking for your particular card here as well as some other support such as ppp, slip, etc. If you use nfs to mount your root device, compile in Ethernet support.
For those lucky enough to be needing ISDN support, the ISDN subsection will need to be completed.
Older CD-ROMs may require support from the next section. If you're using a SCSI or IDE CD-ROM, you can skip this one.
Next comes file systems. Again, compile what you need, in most cases ext2 and use modules for the rest.
Character devices are chosen next. Non-serial mice, like the PS/2 mouse are supported. Look on the bottom of your mouse. Many two-button mice are PS/2 type, even though they look and connect like serial mice. You'll almost certainly want serial support (generic) as a minimum. Generic printer support is also listed here.
The penultimate section is often the most troubling: sound. Choose carefully from the list and read the available help. Make sure you've chosen the correct I/O base and IRQs for your card. The MPU I/O base for a SoundBlaster card is listed as 0. This is normally 330 and your sound module will complain if this value is incorrect. Don't worry. One of the nice things about modules is you can recompile and reinstall the modules as long as the kernel was compiled with the hook. (Aren't modules great?).
The final section contains one question that should probably be answered as “no, kernel hacking”.
Save your configuration and exit.
I have, on several occasions, had trouble editing the numbers in menuconfig or xconfig to values I knew were correct. For whatever reason, I couldn't change the number or config wouldn't accept the number, telling me it was invalid. For example, changing the SoundBlaster IRQ from the config default of 7 to 5, and the MPU base I/O from 0 to 300. If you experience this problem, but everything else went well, don't despair. The file you just wrote when you did a “Save” and “Exit” is an editable text file. You may use your text editor of choice: Emacs, vi, CrispLite, joe, etc. Your configuration file is in the /usr/src/linux directory and is called .config. The leading dot causes the file to be hidden during a normal directory listing (ls), but it shows up when the -a option is specified. Just edit the numbers in this file that you had trouble with in the configuration process. Next, type make dep to propagate your configurations from the .config file to the proper subdirectories and to complete the setup. Finally, type make clean to prepare for the final kernel build.
- Great Scott! It's Version 13!
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- NSA: Linux Journal is an "extremist forum" and its readers get flagged for extra surveillance
- It Actually Is Rocket Science
- Tech Tip: Really Simple HTTP Server with Python
- Linux Kernel Testing and Debugging
- Linux Systems Administrator
- Numerical Python
|
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CC-MAIN-2014-23
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|
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How Technology Impacts Physical And Emotional Health
CBS Boston (con't)
Affordable Care Act Updates: CBSBoston.com/ACA
Health News & Information: CBSBoston.com/Health
Get Breaking News First
BOSTON (CBS) – We text. We tweet. We surf.
Technology has changed the way we live our lives and for many of us, that means working more hours.
Just ask Jeff Prag, who runs his own consulting company in Natick.
“It starts probably about 5:30 in the morning. The phone is going off, checking emails and trying to respond to client needs,” he said.
There are many days, according to Prag, that he is plugged into his business until midnight. That constant contact leaves him feeling exhausted.
Fatigue is only part of the problem. There are a number of ways that technology can have an impact on our physical and emotional health.
WBZ-TV’s Paula Ebben reports
Dr. Matthew Gardiner is an ophthalmologist at Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston.
He sees many patients with what’s called ‘computer vision syndrome.’ It causes burning and irritation.
“Sometimes people have blurring and problems focusing,” he said.
The problem is lack of blinking.
According to Dr. Gardiner, people focus intently on the screen and they forget to blink. That can lead to dry eyes which causes the irritation.
Our ears are also suffering.
Dr. Jennifer Smullen also works at Mass Eye and Ear.
She says while ear buds don’t cause the problem directly, they could lead to hearing loss overtime because of the way people use them.
“An ear bud doesn’t block out background sound so people tend to turn the volume up louder,” she said.
Over time, that can cause hearing loss or tinnitus, which is an annoying ringing in the ear.
Dr. Smullen recommends over-the-ear headphones which do a better job of blocking out that background noise.
Technology has also allowed workers to get more done right at their desks and that means neck and back aches from spending more hours hunched over the computer.
Harvard researchers have found iPads are particularly problematic because people tend to rest them on their lap which makes the neck-strain even worse.
MIT professor Sherry Turkle says technology can also have a negative effect on our emotional health.
“This digital diet that we’re on now is not the one that is going to sustain us,” she explained.
One of the biggest concerns is how technology is changing the way our kids develop.
According to Turkle, many teens have trouble separating from their parents and becoming independent because mom and dad are always just a text away.
“The kid never feels quite alone, that the buck stops here and that they’re launched,” she said.
Apparently the problem starts young.
A recent Stanford University study found that girls as young as eight who spend a lot of time multi-tasking on digital devices tend to have lower self-confidence and social skills.
It’s been well-documented that multi-tasking really doesn’t work no matter what your age.
“You feel like the master of the universe but your performance goes down. That’s very bad for your emotional well-being,” Turkle said.
The most serious problem may have nothing to do directly with technology.
It’s all that sitting.
Research shows the longer you sit, the greater the likelihood you’ll die at a younger age.
You may want to grab that smartphone and go through your email while you take a walk.
|
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|
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Computerized Cognitive Skills Training for Adolescents With Velocardiofacial Syndrome
Recruitment status was Active, not recruiting
|Study Design:||Allocation: Non-Randomized
Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Open Label
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:||Computer-Based Cognitive Remediation in Adolescents With VCFS|
- The California Learning Test and the Visual Span Test [ Time Frame: Measured immediately following the intervention at each phase ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Performance on the Apartment Test [ Time Frame: Measured immediately following the intervention at each phase ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
|Study Start Date:||September 2009|
|Estimated Study Completion Date:||April 2014|
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:||February 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)|
Experimental: Computerized Cognitive Skills Training
Participants will receive the intervention, delivered in-person in Phase 1 and remotely in Phases 2 and 3.
Behavioral: Challenging Our Minds Program
A computerized cognitive intervention that provides training in attention, memory, and executive function
Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a genetic condition caused by deletion of a segment of the 22nd chromosome at the location 22q11.2. VCFS is characterized by a combination of medical problems related to the palate (velo) and the heart (cardio) and by a distinct facial appearance. Also common in people with VCFS, among other problems, are learning and speech difficulties. These difficulties are specifically categorized as deficits in attention, working memory, and executive functioning. This study will develop and test a computer-based intervention for adolescents with VCFS that will teach them cognitive skills to lessen these deficits.
This study will have three phases. In the first phase, the intervention will be pilot tested with an in-person coach. In the second phase, the intervention will be pilot tested remotely with a video-conferencing coach. In the third phase, the intervention will be delivered remotely, and testing will be expanded to include more participants and a longer assessment period. Information on participant drop-out and level of difficulty will be gathered and used to refine the treatment between phases.
Participation in Phase 1 will last 6 months. At study entry, participants will complete baseline measures that involve a structured diagnostic interview to assess behavioral or emotional difficulties and cognitive testing to assess intellectual functioning. Then they will meet with a study training coach three times a week at their homes. During these sessions, participants will complete exercises in the Challenging our Minds program, a computer-based system designed to improve learning. Exercises will develop skills in seven domains: attention, decision making, memory, understanding relationships between objects, problem solving, communication, and social perception.
Participation in Phase 2 will last 6 to 9 months. Participants in this phase will complete the same baseline measures that occurred at study entry and then complete exercises in Challenging our Minds three times a week. Instead of having a training coach come to their homes, participants in Phase 2 will work with a training coach via video-conferencing software.
Participation in Phase 3 will last 2 years. Participants will undergo assessments at four points: at baseline, after 9 months, after 18 months, and after 27 months. These assessments will include the baseline measures from the previous phases as well as a virtual reality computer task. Between their visits at 9 and 18 months, participants will work with a training coach via video conferencing three times a week to complete the Challenging our Minds exercises.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00917189
|United States, New York|
|SUNY Upstate Medical University|
|Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210|
|Principal Investigator:||Wendy R. Kates, PhD||State University of New York - Upstate Medical University|
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2016-07
|
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|
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|
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| 0.917478
| 848
| 2.703125
| 3
|
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