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Return of the Magic Mushroom
Super Mario fans play with them. They are studied by doctors. Around the globe, chefs cook with them. They appear over night, disappear almost as quickly and leave no trace. Mycologists are students of this world. The fungus has been studied as a potential treatment for cancer, PTSD and other psychological disorders. Read more now on Soulcybin
Mushrooms are fungi that grow on the surface of soil or food sources. Myceteae is a separate kingdom from plants because mushrooms do not have chlorophyll.
Some mushrooms can obtain nutrients without photosynthesis by breaking down organic material or feeding on higher plants. Decomposers are also known as these mushrooms. Parasites are another group that attacks and kills living plants. Mycorrhizal fungi are poisonous and edible and can be found near or on the roots of oaks, pines, and firs.
Humans can use mushrooms to heal, nourish, or poison. Few mushrooms are benign. Three of the most popular edible varieties of this “meat of the veggie world” are oysters, morels and chanterelles.
In China, Korea and India, they are widely used in the cuisine. China produces more than half of the mushrooms consumed around the world. The majority of edible mushrooms in our supermarkets are grown on commercial farms, including shiitakes, portobellos and enokis.
Since centuries, Eastern medicine, and especially traditional Chinese medicine, have used mushrooms. Early 1960s studies in the U.S. were done to see if extracts from cancer research could modulate the immune systems and inhibit tumor growth.
Since thousands of years, the natives of Mesoamerica have also been using mushrooms in rituals. Mushrooms were consumed by many cultures in the Americas during religious ceremonies. They were called the “flesh” of the gods by the Aztecs. In Spain and Algeria, cave paintings show ritualized consumption dating back to 9000 years. Psilocybin was suppressed for many years by Christian authorities both on the Atlantic and in Europe.
The article “Seeking the Magic Mushroom”, published in Life Magazine in 1957, sparked the interest of Americans. Albert Hofman, a Swiss-born scientist, discovered that psilocybin, and psilocin were the active compounds found in the “magic” mushrooms the following year. The Harvard Psilocybin Project, led by American psychology Timothy Leary at Harvard University, was created to study the effects on humans.
In the quarter-century that followed, 40,000 people were treated with psilocybin as well as other hallucinogens like LSD and Mescaline. Over 1,000 research papers have been produced. Regulations were introduced by the government after it became aware of the subculture that was adopting this use.
Nixon’s administration began to implement regulations, including the Controlled Substances Act (1970). The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 created five schedules, each with a progressively higher severity level. Psilocybin, marijuana and MDMA were all placed in schedule 1, the most restrictive. Each substance was classified as having “a high potential for abuse, a lack in accepted safety and no current acceptable medical use.”
In the last few years, studies have been conducted to determine if PTSD (post-traumatic disorder) and anxiety can be treated or resolved. In June 2014, 32 human clinical studies registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health examined whole mushrooms or their extracts for potential effects on various diseases and conditions. Cancer, glaucoma and immune function are among the maladies that have been studied.
Research on the controversial use of psilocybin is a natural chemical found in some mushrooms. The ability of psilocybin to treat psychological disorders like obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), PTSD, and anxiety is still being investigated. In some studies, psilocybin was also shown to be effective at treating alcoholism and cigarette addiction.
Fungus has been a fascination for people for centuries. However, its unknown properties and healing powers may be being discovered. The mushroom may hold the key to long-forgotten mysteries and diseases. | <urn:uuid:c432f60a-97a9-4a9c-8754-d9fad5602ca8> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.new-york-city-apartments.net/return-of-the-magic-mushroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510208.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926111439-20230926141439-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.969259 | 869 | 2.671875 | 3 |
We all have heard of computer generated pictures and the most common explanation we have heard is of 3-D computer graphics that are used for creating characters, scenes and special effects in films and television. But what if I told you there is more of explanations and computer generated content we all know about.
What is CGP?
Computer generated pictures commonly known as computer generated images is the application of computer graphics that is used to create images in print media, video games, art, computer animation and VFX in films. This was first used in 1986 in Flight of the Navigator. After this, the usage took an upward curve with the emergence of virtual cinematography.
The availability of this software has enabled individual artists and small companies in producing professional-grade films, games and fine art at the comfort of their own homes. The computer generated pictures consists of natural looking landscapes, animated images and fractal landscapes. It can be produced easily using different methods like use of algorithms, 2D pixel based images, 3D graphics and many more.
Video games often use CGI in pre-rendered cut scenes and intro movies typical to the CGI application. It is used for visual effects because the quality is higher and the effects are controllable and can be customized according to one’s needs. The scenes like constructing miniatures, extras for crowd scenes and creation of images all is possible with this.
CGP allows you to shoot and create content without the involvement of actors, expensive set pieces or props saving you time and money required to cater a large crowd. Therefore, this is how small businesses and individual artists are able to produce content of high quality. With time many new websites and applications have also started providing pre made CGP that can be easily downloaded and used for various purposes.
Generated photos are created by scratch for any purpose but the issue becomes that people start worrying about copyrights, distribution rights, infringement claims and royalties and that needs to be solved out before you use someone else’s photos. But what is exciting is getting into layered digital film footage by composting.
Stay with Evedonus Film for the latest updates. | <urn:uuid:41907490-b038-4f37-b853-05e66ea53eca> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://prchronicles.com/2021/08/04/everything-you-need-to-know-about-computer-generated-pictures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300810.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118092443-20220118122443-00441.warc.gz | en | 0.950646 | 436 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Fine-scale Vertical Distribution of Macroplankton and Micronekton in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in Association with an Oxygen Minimum Zone
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
The 0- to 1000-m vertical distribution patterns of micronekton and macrozooplankton were determined in the Costa Rica Dome region (9° N; 90° W) of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in October–November 2007 and December 2008–January 2009. The area has a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that impacts the distribution of both migrating and mesopelagic species. Sampling was conducted at a relatively fine scale (mesopelagic depth intervals as small as 25 m) within ecologically relevant strata to assess how this hydrographic environment influenced the structure of these groups. Zooplankton were collected in vertically stratified Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System tows during the day and the night, and abundances were analyzed in association with variations in oxygen concentration, temperature and depth. Each vertical stratum of the water column was a unique ecological zone with a specific community makeup. The upper and midwater column (0–550 m) was strongly influenced by diel vertical migration patterns, particularly the daytime descent of euphausiids and myctophid fish into the core of the OMZ. Distinctly different communities occurred below the OMZ core. The lower oxycline (LO) (∼500–700 m depth range) was dominated by Cyclothone spp. fish as well as a diverse population of other taxa, often aggregated into a discrete layer (25 m thick), particularly in 2008. In the suboxycline (>700 m depth range), the community shifted to typical bathypelagic taxa. These finer scale vertical patterns provided new insight into the ecological structure of OMZs, revealing the unique layering at the LO and differential impacts on diel vertical migrators.
Was this content written or created while at USF?
Citation / Publisher Attribution
Journal of Plankton Research, v. 35, issue 6, p. 1557-1575
Scholar Commons Citation
Maas, Amy E.; Frazar, Sarah L.; Outram, Dawn M.; Seibel, Brad A.; and Wishner, Karen F., "Fine-scale Vertical Distribution of Macroplankton and Micronekton in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in Association with an Oxygen Minimum Zone" (2014). Marine Science Faculty Publications. 2343. | <urn:uuid:aafa5c08-ffc9-4e19-8bb7-f24900a00aba> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/msc_facpub/2343/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646181.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530230622-20230531020622-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.887566 | 580 | 2.625 | 3 |
An exploration of Goodnight Mister Tom by Michelle Magorian
Michelle Magorian’s Goodnight Mister Tom is a book that readily captures the imagination of young and old alike. At once an absorbing piece of storytelling, it is also a wonderful fictional look at a fascinating period of history. KS2 students will embrace a study of the book. Using drama to explore the themes will add further impact to their emotional understanding of the piece.
This scheme looks at the book from a number of different angles, and does touch on some of the more challenging issues tackled in the work. However it does not dwell on any specific aspect and therefore should be suitable for all levels of KS2. While it is not designed to look solely at the historical background of the book and the impact of World War II, many of the exercises do have a historical emphasis, so are suitable to draw on should you wish this to be the learning focus. It follows the approximate chronological order of the events in the book, so it is possible to deliver the scheme alongside a classroom reading of the work.
The scheme broadly covers all aspects of the KS2 National Curriculum drama objectives, and there are also links to the writing, speaking, listening and group discussion and interaction objectives within KS2 English.
Number of lessons: 4 | <urn:uuid:331bae61-dc12-426f-ab18-3c32b8a52563> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://shop.rhinegold.co.uk/collections/key-stage-2-plays-for-study/products/an-exploration-of-goodnight-mister-tom-by-michelle-magorian | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350706.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225012257-20210225042257-00024.warc.gz | en | 0.940714 | 262 | 4.21875 | 4 |
The name is meant to evoke the coloring of the foliage but gives no hint of the impact this plant has on the viewer. From one end of the growing season to the other, 'Brunette' is a fountain of fernlike, deep purple foliage that jumps out at the eye from surrounding greens, and when the arching, purple-tinted white flower spikes rise up on 5' stems in early fall, the rest of the garden seems to genuflect in the presence of this regal perennial.
The genus Cimicifuga is a useful source of tall border plants that grow in evenly moist soil and full sun to partial shade. They have large, divided leaves and flower spikes that resemble bottlebrushes. The common name, Bugbane, comes from the scent of the flowers, which is said to repel insects.
Sun: Part shade to full shade | <urn:uuid:dfaf1f71-bf41-4792-b69e-9b35af85a537> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://phantom2go.com/products/cimicifuga-simplex-snakeroot-brunette-1-5-gallon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662577757.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220524233716-20220525023716-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.936153 | 194 | 2.671875 | 3 |
We had such a blast spending about 4 weeks studying Ancient Egypt. We taught about Fayum Portraits and had the kids paint their own on the "doors" of their tomb. Inside the doors opened to shelves of their canopic jars and their pharaoh mummy. Here is an AMAZING resource for our Spanish speakers about Ancient Egypt.
We carved potatoes into hieroglyphs and used them to stamp on the box.
The tomb was built out with newspaper and the shelves we glued on first. Then they covered everything in plaster strips and painted. We use balsa wood for the shelves.
To make the organs we used Sculpey clay.
For the bowls (our version of canopic jars) we used non-hardening Sargent clay because it is easy to work with.
We discussed weaving and the kids made miniature rugs on a cardboard loom. We also learned about Cleopatra, Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony and they each painted their own Julius Caesar and Cleopatra.
Some kids made chariots out of found pieces and a horse with non-hardening Sargent Clay. After sculpting the horse, we covered it in Mod Podge to make it a little more sturdy.
And don't forget the back! We used transfer paper and the kids traced an image that they liked onto the back of their boxes and colored it in. | <urn:uuid:3f191b07-acc0-4043-8922-cb77deb7411f> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://goosegreaseshop.com/blogs/goose-grease/117542021-ancient-egypt-diorama | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118310.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00516-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959334 | 283 | 2.90625 | 3 |
An upstate company has developed a system for motorcycle helmets that could have applications for both defensive driving and sports. A system of sensors alerts riders when the helmet has damage that might not be visible, but could compromise safety.
More than 4,500 people are killed in motorcycle accidents in the U.S. each year according to the Centers for Disease Control, and studies show most of those accidents occur because riders are less visible than cars. The sensor system is part of a prototype helmet designed to make motorcyclists more visible, and safer.
Pittsford, NY inventor David Werner and engineer David Zima have developed a new design that increases visibility by integrating brake and turn signals onto the back of a helmet.
But, Werner says it's the helmet's internal sensor system that really is interesting manufacturers. He says their system uses very little energy and makes diagnosing injuries like concussion much faster.
"Using the same kind of accelerometer technology and some other technology that we've developed, we can determine concussive injury and we can report it wirelessly to the sidelines, to a medic," said Werner. "it could be used in the military."
Werner says the technology could have a huge range of applications in the future, including in sports where it's estimated that 62,000 concussions occur annually in high school contact sports alone. | <urn:uuid:8d032f8a-2285-41ac-ac8f-752f66078d47> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://wrvo.org/post/regionally-developed-helmet-technology-attracting-manufacturers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812873.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220030745-20180220050745-00398.warc.gz | en | 0.970288 | 274 | 3.03125 | 3 |
- 1 How do you feed sheep hay in Farming Simulator 2019?
- 2 What do sheep do in Farming Simulator 19?
- 3 How do you get Wool from sheep in Farming Simulator 19?
- 4 Can sheep eat silage bales?
- 5 Can you feed sheep hay bales in Farming Simulator 17?
- 6 What do pigs need in fs19?
- 7 What animals are in Farming Simulator 19?
- 8 What do you do with straw in Farming Simulator 2019?
How do you feed sheep hay in Farming Simulator 2019?
Sheep eat hay and /or grass; both types of feed provide 100% effectiveness. Leave grass or hay (collected with a loading wagon or as bales) in the feeder near the pasture – remember to put it in a different feeder than water. Bales will be unloaded automatically.
What do sheep do in Farming Simulator 19?
Sheep are a type of Animal in Farming Simulator 19. Sheep Husbandry turns free materials – Water and Grass (or Hay) – into the high-value material Wool. On the other hand, it requires multiple pieces of special equipment, takes a long time to get going, and requires close attention to avoid production setbacks.
How do you get Wool from sheep in Farming Simulator 19?
The in-game icon for Wool. Wool is a type of Material in Farming Simulator 19. Wool can only be created in a Sheep Pasture by providing Water and either Grass or Hay to the Sheep. Wool is a high-value material whose only use is to be sold for profit.
Can sheep eat silage bales?
Silage can be made from forage or grain crops. It has been successfully fed to sheep; however, special attention must be paid to quality, as moldy silage can cause listeriosis “circling disease.” Listeriosis is an occasional cause of abortion in ewes.
Can you feed sheep hay bales in Farming Simulator 17?
In fact, you can also feed Sheep using Hay Bales, by putting them into a Bale Shredder (Not in Farming Simulated 17, may be a mod) and unloading the shredder into the trough. A tractor with front loader is all you’ll need to feed your sheep with this method.
What do pigs need in fs19?
At the bare minimum, pig breeding requires at least one Pig, provided with Water and at least one type of food. Pigs can eat 8 different Crops, with each crop providing a different effect on the breeding speed. Providing four different crop types for the pigs to eat simultaneously will maximize their breeding speed.
What animals are in Farming Simulator 19?
In Farming Simulator 19 there are five species of animals that you can breed, these are: pigs, chicken, sheep, cows and a new species: horses. Each of them is characterized by different requirements, different benefits, different amount of workload.
What do you do with straw in Farming Simulator 2019?
Once it is collected, straw can be either sold or used as bedding for animals, which creates manure. Straw is one of the three ingredients, along with Silage and Hay, needed to create Total Mixed Ration (TMR). | <urn:uuid:2ba0dc09-61d7-46fb-bc9c-a30ae9dd5e2c> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://pooginook.com/sheep/often-asked-how-to-put-sheep-in-sheep-pasture-farmingsimulater.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500294.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205224620-20230206014620-00814.warc.gz | en | 0.917611 | 671 | 2.609375 | 3 |
- Publisher: The Quirkles: Fun children's books that teach science and phonics through reading, experiments, and games
- Genre: Education
- Released: 20 Dec, 2012
- Size: 61.7 MB
- Price: $9.99
- App Store Info
DescriptionHours of entertainment in one app! Welcome to the wonderful world of The Quirkles. We're delighted to bring you the first character, Watery William, in this 26 book series of fun and entertaining science and literacy exploration.
"The thing I love about the Quirkles series of apps is that they teach science in a fun way, that all children can enjoy. My own son who would struggle with your day to day science books loved the experiments added to this app." - Julie-Anne, Reviewer, AppAble
THE FEATURES FOR THIS APP INCLUDE:
• Full Watery William Book ($11.99 value alone)
• Record Your Own Voice For Each Page
• Fun "Meet the Quirkles" Video
• Full Coloring Book App
• Fun Puzzle Apps
• Matching Memory Games
• Science Experiments
• Fun Science Facts
• Fun Experiment Videos
• Universal App - Buy once and install on all of your devices!
• HD Graphics - Retina Display for iPad 3 & iPhone
• Fun and Colorful Illustrations
= HOURS OF ENTERTAINMENT AND VALUE!
Share in this wild Quirkles adventure as Watery William teaches Wippy Walrus and Wilma Worm about the water cycle. You will laugh when William and Wippy WOOOSH down a giant waterfall. Discover why water is so important for all living things. Make your own version of the water cycle by conducting the experiments in the book. Learning about water has never been so fun!
The Quirkles apps also come with fun games too! This app will provide hours of entertainment for your kids with puzzles, matching games, and a coloring application...and they'll be learning science too!
The Quirkles® are 26 imaginary scientists that help children everyday, all over the world, develop a love and appreciation for science. They offer a fresh new way to integrate literacy and science at school, for educational programs, or at home. Vocabulary builders, two related science experiments, and a character education lesson are also included in each of the 26 alphabet-series books.
Enjoy and thank you!
Sign up at http://www.quirkles.com/apps/ to get updates when the other apps become available!
What's New in Version 1.0.2• Added support for 4 ", 4.7" and 5.5" screen sizes
• Added support for iOS 8.0 and higher | <urn:uuid:75abbdf4-0a37-45ff-abc5-5ae08c6829cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.appspy.com/app/678914/watery-william-science-and-phonics-alphabet-adventure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948530668.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213182224-20171213202224-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.893567 | 566 | 2.625 | 3 |
Energy Drinks Affect Heart, MRI Scans Show
Small, early study found contraction rate sped up after people downed beverage
MONDAY, Dec. 2, 2013 (HealthDay News) -- Energy drinks may provide a bit too much of a boost to your heart, creating additional strain on the organ and causing it to contract more rapidly than usual, German researchers report.
Healthy people who drank energy drinks high in caffeine and taurine experienced significantly increased heart contraction rates an hour later, according to research scheduled for presentation Monday at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, in Chicago.
The study raises concerns that energy drinks might be bad for the heart, particularly for people who already have heart disease, said Dr. Kim Williams, vice president of the American College of Cardiology.
"We know there are drugs that can improve the function of the heart, but in the long term they have a detrimental effect on the heart," said Williams, a cardiology professor at Wayne State University School of Medicine, in Detroit.
For example, adrenaline can make the heart race, but such overexertion can wear the heart muscle down, he said. There's also the possibility that a person could develop an irregular heartbeat.
From 2007 to 2011, the number of emergency room visits related to energy drinks nearly doubled in the United States, rising from slightly more than 10,000 to nearly 21,000, according to a meeting news release. Most of the cases involved young adults aged 18 to 25, followed by people aged 26 to 39.
In the new study, researchers used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the heart function of 18 healthy participants both before and one hour after they consumed an energy drink.
The energy drink contained 400 milligrams of taurine and 32 milligrams of caffeine per 100 milliliters of liquid (about 3.4 ounces). Taurine is an amino acid that plays a number of key roles in the body, and is believed to enhance athletic performance. Caffeine is the natural stimulant that gives coffee its kick.
After downing the energy drink, the participants experienced a 6 percent increase in their heart contraction rate, said study co-author Dr. Jonas Doerner, a radiology resident in the cardiovascular imaging section at the University of Bonn, in Germany.
It appears that the unique blend of sugar, caffeine and taurine in an energy drink may combine to have an effect on the heart, Doerner said. He and his colleagues tested a second group using a drink containing only caffeine, but those patients did not show a significant increase in heart contractions.
"Maybe the mechanism could be from the taurine, or from the combination of taurine and caffeine," he said.
Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
The American Beverage Association responded to the study with a prepared statement.
"The fact remains that most mainstream energy drinks contain only about half the caffeine of a similar size cup of coffeehouse coffee," the industry group said. "Caffeine is a safe ingredient and is consumed every day in a wide variety of foods and beverages, including energy drinks which have been enjoyed safely by millions of people for nearly three decades. Also, this paper, which looks at only 18 adults, has not been peer-reviewed or published."
Doerner was reluctant to speculate on potential damage to the heart that could result from long-term energy drink consumption, given that his study focused only on short-term effects.
"We have shown that even small amounts of energy drinks alters heart function," he said. "Because of that, further investigation needs to be done to address concerns regarding long term effects on kids and long-term effects on people with heart disease."
However, Doerner did advise that children and people who have an irregular heart beat should avoid energy drinks until more study is done.
Cardiology professor Williams agreed that further research is needed, adding that these results need to be followed up.
"Without data, one can only speculate," he said. "If you speculate on existing drugs that have that effect, it would be cause for concern."
To learn more about taurine, visit the NYU Langone Medical Center.
Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:ccbd0d5f-9722-44a8-9d89-f64273f98c64> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.healthmonitor.com/energy-drinks-affect-heart-mri-scans-show | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648594.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323200519-20180323220519-00777.warc.gz | en | 0.952191 | 899 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Dairy-free and Vegan Diets
A dairy-free and vegan diets contain absolutely no dairy products: no milk, butter, cheese, cream or yogurt. Those following a dairy-free or vegan diet are advised to make sure they get enough calcium, protein and vitamins from other food sources.
Dairy substitutes may include: almond milk, apple, pear or prune puree, cheese alternatives (soy, rice), multi-grain milk, nondairy frozen desserts, oat milk, rice milk or soy milk. When baking, milk may be substituted, in equal amounts, with water or fruit juice.
In planning meals, make sure that each day's diet includes enough calcium. Many nondairy foods are high in calcium, such as green vegetables (broccoli, cabbage and kale) and fish, such as salmon and sardines. Incorporating tofu into meals also helps to ensure that you are getting calcium.
If you're unsure whether you are getting enough nutrients in your dairy-free or vegan diet, talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian.
Some people choose vegetarian diets for environmental, cultural, religious and ethical factors, while some choose not to eat meat because they believe it's a healthier choice. If you are a vegetarian or are thinking about embracing a vegetarian diet, you will need to take extra steps to ensure that you're meeting your daily nutritional needs.
A healthy vegetarian diet consists primarily of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds. A vegetarian diet generally contains less fat and cholesterol and typically includes more fiber. You will want to make sure that you are eating foods to give you and adequate amounts of protein, calcium, vitamin B-12, iron and zinc.
The key to a healthy vegetarian diet - or any diet for that matter - is to enjoy a wide variety of foods. Since no single food provides all the nutrients your body needs, eating a wide variety helps to ensure that you'll be getting the necessary nutrients that promote good health.
If you're unsure whether a vegetarian diet is right for you, talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is sometimes called adult-onset diabetes. Typically, the overweight body's poor insulin utilization is the main reason for the high blood-sugar levels in this type of diabetes. Being overweight is one of the key risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. Before Type 2 diabetes develops, a person usually has pre-diabetes. Taking care of yourself by walking regularly and watching your weight may help prevent pre-diabetes from becoming diabetes. However, family history and genetics are important indicators as well; even the most diet-conscious marathon runner may develop Type 2 diabetes.
For people who are diabetic, pre-diabetic or overweight, appropriate nutrition and maintaining a healthy weight are not options, but necessities.
Consider changes in your daily routine to reduce Type 2 diabetes risk, including:
- lose weight if overweight;
- cut back on sugary foods;
- cut back on the amount of fat you eat;
- cut back on the amount of saturated fat you eat;
- increase fiber;
- exercise (make sure to check in with your doctor before significantly increasing your activity level); and
- review the contribution to your risk of your antipsychotic medications as some may reduce the feeling of fullness and promote weight gain and diabetes.
Get started by planning to make one small diet change a week. Do this by reviewing your daily food intake. Is there any food you can eliminate or reduce the size of the portion? Perhaps, one teaspoon of sugar is enough in your coffee instead of two, and low-fat milk instead of cream is acceptable to you. Small changes like these cut back on fat and calories. Switching to 100 percent, whole-grain bread is also an easy change. Eating only part of a dessert is a difficult habit to develop, but it is an achievable step for everyone. Each person has food habits that can be changed. They will be different for everyone. Little changes that become part of your lifestyle will improve your health.
The complications of diabetes are serious. They include: loss of vision, kidney failure, foot ulcers, amputation, stroke and heart disease. Taking steps to prevent diabetes is an important health decision.
What you eat makes a significant difference in your diabetes risk. Eat lots of vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Drink water instead of sweetened drinks. Avoid drinks and foods sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. Limit the amount of juice consumed each day to four oz. Limit high-sugar and high-fat foods such as cakes, cookies and doughnuts. These are all foods that have refined sugars and starches in them, as well as trans and saturated fat.
Preventing Type 2 diabetes is a worthwhile goal and hopefully will help motivate you to making lifestyle changes. | <urn:uuid:ed80befe-d7e0-4ec0-8b8f-01f6d47ad4d3> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www2.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=healthy_eating&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=94190 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246660743.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045740-00101-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942151 | 1,007 | 3.25 | 3 |
Parched Emirates relies on sea as groundwater runs out
As skyscrapers and gleaming towers rose with lightning speed across the United Arab Emirates over the past two decades, the Gulf nation's thirst for water grew at an enormous rate—so much so that today, it threatens to dry up all of the country's groundwater in as little as 15 years, experts say.
To quench that demand, cities across the seven emirates that make up the UAE rely on desalinated seawater to supply 98 percent of their drinking water, but that comes with a tremendous environmental and fiscal cost.
Now, officials are looking at new technologies to cover that demand, while acknowledging the risks ahead.
"In our region, water is more important than oil," said Ahmad Belhoul, the CEO of Masdar, the Abu Dhabi government's clean-energy company. "We're trying to find solutions to address that."
While the Emirates rose on its oil wealth, the riches spurred the development that strains the water supply in this desert nation. An academic paper published earlier this year by scientists at the United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, one of the emirates, suggested the country's entire supply of groundwater could be gone by 2030.
Currently, groundwater accounts for 44 percent of all water consumption in the UAE, though much of it goes toward irrigation for farming, according to a report by the Ministry of Environment and Water. In the cities, the country's 33 desalination plants supply nearly every drop of water.
Desalination plants are nothing new across the Middle East, with Bahrain, Israel, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia having some of the world's biggest facilities.
However, the cost of building and operating the plants can run in the billions, and they also require massive amounts of energy to separate the salt from the water and purify it for consumption. The leftover heated saltwater gets discharged back into the sea, where it can affect marine life.
But even with the crisis facing the Emirates, water remains cheap and often wasted. Errant sprinklers water sidewalks in city-state Dubai, as leaking pipes pool puddles on roadways. A study this year by the United Nations found that residents of the UAE and most of its Gulf neighbors use around 500 liters (132 gallons) of water per day—among some of the highest usage around the world.
That waste is something Belhoul himself acknowledged as a problem.
"There has been some overuse of water driven by the lower tariffs," Belhoul told The Associated Press. "If you don't pass on the price to the end user, the natural behavior is to consume more water."
Beyond raising prices, officials hope new desalination techniques being tested on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi will allow solar energy to replace natural gas as an energy source, as well as make the plants smaller and cheaper to operate. On a tour Monday, they offered visiting dignitaries water produced there in crystal glasses.
After taking a sip, Sultan Ahmed al-Jaber, the UAE's minister of state, gave it his approval: "It tastes just like Evian."
© 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:718ba8ca-b1cb-4006-b167-ced21ac354b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://phys.org/news/2015-11-parched-emirates-sea-groundwater.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710953.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20221204004054-20221204034054-00723.warc.gz | en | 0.957378 | 655 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Breathtaking Geological Formations Showcase a Window into America’s Past
Winter freezing and springtime thawing cause the rock of Fossil Butte to fracture, revealing the fossils trapped with the stone. Photo Credit: National Park Service
By Stephanie Dar
Fossil Butte National Monument Visitor Center, located approximately 15 miles west of Kemmerer, Wyoming, is home to a variety of plant, bird, insect and amphibian fossils from the Green River Formation. On Friday and Saturday afternoons, patrons can visit the fossil quarry with a park ranger to learn how paleontologists diligently discover and then unearth these well-preserved fossils from the Eocene Epoch. All of the fossils on display at the visitor center are over 50 million years old.
A well-preserved prehistoric fossil of an unidentified turtle on display at the Visitor’s Center. Photo Credit: National Park Service
Each summer, lab personnel painstakingly work to prepare the fossils that have been discovered within the limestone layers of the picturesque southwestern Wyoming ridges. Preparing each fossil requires a steady hand; applying too much pressure or an accidental slip could easily destroy a day’s work.
Paleontologists and artists then work hand in hand in attempts to recreate the historical landscapes based on the clues provided by fossils they have uncovered.
An unnamed artist’s representation of the prehistoric landscape developed using the fossilized remains found in Fossil Butte. Photo Credit: Author’s Own
Visitors may also indulge in a hike along one of the informational nature trails or take a scenic drive around the park. The views from the top of the butte are picturesque and provide breathtaking photo opportunities.
Learn more aboutFossil Butte National Monument and plan your visit here. | <urn:uuid:bb7f1d8d-b760-4c91-8649-9afdeda15062> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.sciartmagazine.com/blog/review-fossil-butte-national-monument-visitor-center | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250593994.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118221909-20200119005909-00012.warc.gz | en | 0.901299 | 368 | 3.484375 | 3 |
K-8 Schools: Best for Battling Bullying
It should come as no surprise to anyone who can recall his middle school years that most incidents of bullying take place in grades 6 through 8. According to a recent study–one of the largest of its kind– published in the American Educational Research Journal, students in middle schools report higher rates of bullying and fighting. These students also experience a drop in academic performance.
The study tested the “Top Dog/Bottom Dog Theory” in schools with grades spans of K-8, 6-8 and 6-12. The study drew from over 90,000 students in over 500 schools during a 3 year period. Researchers found that “tweens” at K-8 schools reported less bullying, less fighting, and a greater feeling of safety and belonging than students at traditional middle schools serving grades 6-8. When the “tweens” are the “top dogs” there is a marked decrease in instances of bullying. Anaya Kamenetz, lead education blogger for NPR, points out, “one-third of 6th graders in 6-12 schools reported that students threatened or bullied other students “most or all of the time.” Only one in four students at K-8 schools said the same thing. And their grades and test scores were better, too.” The study also shows that students who transferred into K-8 schools faired far better than students who began at traditional 6-8 middle schools.
What’s the answer?
This latest study proves what middle school teachers and administrators already know: sixth graders suffer the most from incidents of bullying. To minimize these incidents, sixth graders should be in a higher position in the school. Choosing a K-8 school for your child will likely provide a safer, more comfortable environment during those difficult “tween” years. At Ss. Peter and Paul. a Catholic K-8 school, students in sixth grade are given leadership roles in activities such as reading buddies, service club and student government to counteract the “bottom dog” feeling that leads to bullying. Many students transfer from larger middle schools during 6th grade and report a much better experience at our K-8 school. We can’t eliminate 6th grade, but we can strengthen its position in the school and positively affect our students’ experience.
For Further Reading:
Education Week, October 4, 2016
neaToday, September 27, 2016
The Atlantic, September 22, 2016
Good Housekeeping, September 21, 2016
Chalkbeat, September 20, 2016
Education Week, September 20, 2016
Quartz, September 20, 2016
NPR, September 19, 2016 | <urn:uuid:c44d6f5a-6f15-4e6f-bdb1-57d8b5d50a9c> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://ssppschool.com/k-8-schools-best-for-battling-bullying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645069.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317120247-20180317140247-00652.warc.gz | en | 0.972639 | 564 | 3.09375 | 3 |
WATER QUALITY--Guidelines on Sampling Ground Water for Determination of Organic Compounds--With Comments on Analytical Protocols In Reply Refer To: April 22, 1985 WGS Mail Stop 412 QUALITY OF WATER BRANCH TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 85.09 Subject: WATER QUALITY--Guidelines on Sampling Ground Water for Determination of Organic Compounds--With Comments on Analytical Protocols In recent years, the Water Resources Division has witnessed a significant increase in the level of interest and concern, both among our cooperators and internally, regarding contamination of ground waters with manmade organic substances. At the present time, there are no U.S. Geological Survey- approved standard methods for collecting ground-water samples where the constituents of interest are manmade organic compounds and, indeed, it appears that much additional research and practical field experience is needed before acceptable methods are established and described in approved Techniques of Water Resources Investigations (TWRI) format. The materials used in casings, sampling devices, and containers must be tested for contamination or adsorption effects; quality-assurance procedures need to be developed and implemented; for some constituents at some concentrations, new approaches to sampling may be needed and some are being studied and tested at the present time. For the time being, in the absence of approved Geological Survey methods, the Quality of Water Branch, with the assistance of the Ground Water Branch, will periodically distribute to the field offices publications, committee reports, or citations of literature articles dealing with this subject. These materials, we hope, will provide satisfactory interim guidance to personnel engaged in data collection and interpretive work in ground-water resources. In addition, the Branches and the Office of Hazardous Waste Hydrology will assist, if needed, in the design of ground- water sampling programs. The first set of guidleines was distributed in March 1983, under Quality of Water Branch Technical Memorandum 83.12. These brief guidelines resulted from deliberations of the Organic Substances Task Group (an advisory committee of the Quality of Water Branch with membership from the laboratories, the research program, the operational program, and the Branch) over a qoestionnaire from the New Jersey District circulated to several experts on this subject within the Division. The guidelines were updated with new information and literature citations in March 1984, under Quality of Water Branch Technical Memorandum 84.11. Since the last update, many new research results and some excellent manuals on the subject have been published and several workers in the Division have gained field and laboratory experience. In addition, the original guidelines did not address a number of important subjects such as drilling and casing methods, and analytical protocols. Since September 1984, the Organic Substances Task Group and a number of the group's consultants have turned their attention to developing the extensive revision of the guidelines transmitted herewith. These guidelines have also been carefully reviewed by specialists in the Ground Water Branch. We trust that these guidelines will be of assistance to the field and project offices. We will continue our efforts to keep abreast of this fast-changing field and communicate new findings and views promptly. David A. Rickert Acting Chief, Quality of Water Branch Attachment WRD Distribution: A, B, FO, PO Key Words: Water quality, sampling, organic compounds, ground water, toxic wastes This memorandum does not supercede any previous memorandum but refers to and updates Quality of Water Branch Technical Memorandum 83.12 and 84.11. | <urn:uuid:c82d229a-11e9-4d44-8756-de0ff70fabb3> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://water.usgs.gov/admin/memo/QW/qw85.09.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860111620.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161511-00154-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925855 | 705 | 2.671875 | 3 |
In 2009, Natalia Rybczynski and colleagues reported on the discovery of Puijila darwini, an extinct animal often cited as a ‘missing link’ between modern seals and their four-limbed, land-dwelling ancestors. The fossil is currently housed at the Canadian Museum of Nature (Ottawa).
Due to the scarcity of fossils, it has been unclear whether seals, sea lions, and walruses share a more recent common ancestry with bears and their relatives, or weasels and their relatives. Study of Puijila, and other fossils within this evolutionary group, may help unravel the mystery behind this evolutionary divergence.
Puijila was found in the Canadian High Arctic, which may have served as a centre of origin for this group of marine mammals. The arctic, at the time, was warmer than it is today, and offered Puijila a chance to get its toes wet in isolated freshwater ecosystems, before venturing out into the predator-infested oceans.
I am studying fossils at the Burke Museum as part of my effort to reconstruct how Puijila moved—both on land and in water—to understand how such a creature was able to adapt to an aquatic existence, and how that transition affects the swimming behavior seen in modern seals, sea lions and walruses. All three swim in different ways. Seals sway their spine horizontally and use their hind-flippers to propel them, whereas sea lions produce thrust with their fore-flippers. Walruses display an intermediate swimming form.
Identifying geometrical aspects of Puijila’s body plan that affect swimming behaviour will shed light on how and when swimming evolved in this group.
Ryan Paterson is a graduate student at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario. See more fossils in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection or learn more about the Vertebrate Paleontology Collection study grant. | <urn:uuid:9ae2a69a-8ab0-48ac-aa5d-0295db3aa9b2> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.burkemuseum.org/news/how-did-swimming-behavior-evolve-seals-sea-lions-and-walruses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251687958.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200126074227-20200126104227-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.954546 | 393 | 3.640625 | 4 |
The Plastiki, is a unique catamaran made of over 12,000 plastic bottles and many other recycled and recyclable components. It was commissioned for an awareness-raising expedition across the Pacific by Adventure Ecology.
The Plastiki set off from San Francisco on March 20, 2010, for a voyage that will take it across the Pacific to Sydney, Australia. Along the way they are stopping by the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and investigating endangered coral reefs This is the area in the North Pacific Ocean that is polluted with millions of tiny pieces of plastic. It covers an area larger than the state of Texas. Here you can watch a video of Robin Williams on board the Plastiki before they set sail. The expedition’s leader David de Rothschild (yep, he’s one of those Rothschilds) explains how the plastic breaks into little tiny bits. In these garbage gyres, there’s more plastic than plankton by weight.
The vessel itself was designed in accordance with the Cradle-to-Cradle philosophy. This school of design views waste as a design flaw and seeks to mimic biological systems as much as possible. Cradle-to-Cradle probably warrants its own post here as I am a huge fan of its revolutionary approach. (Can’t wait? Watch this TED talk by C-to-C co-founder William McDonough)
In line with this philosophy, they have a hydroponic garden, composting toilet, energy-producing bicycles, desalinator and reusable cabin. What’s more, the sails and the superstructure are made of self-reinforcing PET. This is a plastic material that works like fiberglass – it has fibrous layers and a substrate – but which can be recycled because it’s all the same material. PET is a plastic regularly used to make bottles and it is one of the easier plastics to recycle. It’s the “1” in the recycling identification code system.
I believe I mentioned the 12,000 bottles that make up the hull. It’s an ingenious design that balances tensile and compression forces. Each bottle is filled with dry ice to keep it pressurized and then they are packed within the superstructure. You can watch Michael Pawlyn, one of the architects who designed Plastiki, talk about the how biomimicry guided the design (he really gets into the design philosophy around 7 minutes into the first video). You can also read about it, if you’d prefer, in this article with accompanying photo gallery on CNN. He was inspired by the egg carriers they use in Japan and pomegranate seeds.
You can explore all aspects of the vessel in a Flash 3D interface. many of the features described have videos that play along with them. It is really nicely done and fun to play around with, although some of the zooming around can be nauseating. Just like being on the boat!
You might notice the web design on the Plastiki and Adventure Ecology’s sites is practically identical. The Plastiki’s site holds a real wealth of information, but the all the Flash sours the experience for me. For one, I use flashblock, so the whole design is broken until I start clicking on things. Then, there’s accessibility issues with Flash. I’m not impressed with the usability of things like the interior scroll bars, either.
The expedition has already made landfall on the Line Islands. From there they will continue on to their final destination in Sydney. You can follow a live satellite tracker feed of the progress of the voyage on their website here. It is similar to the SPOT messenger that we used on Tocayo. You can also see videos that they made (and sent via email) while they were under way on their flickr page.
CNN has also devoted a whole page of special coverage to the expedition. I’m not sure if that is a sponsorship deal or just CNN being friendly (and getting some greenwashing in there at the same time).
I went through a brief period of infatuation with the skipper, Jo Royle. You can imagine the extraordinary appeal of an attractive, conscientious woman who is also a world-class sailor. Then I heard her speak, and it totally ruined it for me. The combination of her accent and voice is really grating on my ears. Sorry, Jo! I guess it wasn’t meant to be.
I edited and significantly extended the wikipedia article on the Plastiki. Through that I found out that David de Rothschild is famous in Britain as an environmentalist. He is applauded and derided much in the same way Al Gore is over here. Some people said that this whole expedition was nothing more than a publicity stunt. I think that the development of the technology alone makes it more than that. But if the publicity stunt draws attention to the crisis of ocean pollution, I’m all for that too. I don’t really care which personalities attach themselves to the project as long as it works.
Plus, I feel a kinship with Mr. de Rothschild. I mean, we’ve got those same dashing good looks, we’re both from Jewish families, we both like sailing, and we’re both ridiculously wealthy. Okay, maybe not so much the last one. But, we both care about the future of the ocean and our fragile world. Anyone who is trying to make a positive difference on that front is on my team.
Thanks to CT, who tipped me off to the existence of the Plastiki before it set sail. This post has been a long time coming. | <urn:uuid:30e4d558-73aa-41d6-9dc7-c236bd571a63> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | https://nohaycamino.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/voyage-of-the-plastiki/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982293615.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823195813-00074-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958279 | 1,178 | 2.609375 | 3 |
What is Pickleball?
Pickleball is a sport described as "a combination of table tennis, tennis, and badminton", played in schools, parks and recreation centers, camps, and retirement communities.
Pickleball is FUN. It is also a great work out, very social and a competitive and athletic game.
It's typically played on a badminton court with a net that is lowered to 34 inches in the middle. Players uses a baseball sized whiffle ball and a paddle, similar to a large table tennis paddle, to volley the ball back and forth to score on the opposing team.
People of all ages and athletic abilites enjoy playing pickleball.
Pickleball is easy to learn. After a few minutes of instruction a beginner can enjoy a game with a more experienced player. Try it one day and you’ll be back the next day to play again!
Pickleball is a fantastic way to exercise and spend time with friends and family. Grandparents can enjoy a competitive game with grandchildren.
Pickleball is beyond a hobby - it's addictive.
The History of Pickleball
Pickleball was created during the summer of 1965 on Bainbridge Island - a short ferry ride from Seattle, WA. The original purpose of the game was to provide a sport for the entire family, according to co-inventors U.S. Congressman Joel Pritchard, William Bell, and Barney McCallum.
Pickles was the family dog that would chase after the errant balls and then hide in the bushes, thus Pickle's ball which was later shortened to the namesake of Pickleball. Initially, families played Pickleball in their backyards on a hard surface, on driveways, and on residential dead-end streets. Since the mid-1970's, Pickleball has grown and expanded from a family activity game to a paddle court sport with formalized rules. Now, over 20 years later, Pickleball is played in thousands of school P.E. programs, parks and recreation centers, correctional facilities, camps, YMCAs and retirement communities. This sport is becoming very popular among active senior adults at community centers and is growing in popularity on high school and college campuses.
Find Additional information at - USA Pickleball Association.
The Pickleball Ball
A pickleball is similar to a wiffle ball but it is more durable. Common whiffle balls will split apart during a game of pickleball.
There is no rules governing what type of pickleball is played indoors or outdoors or the color of the ball. In our experience most people prefer playing outside with the small holed, hard plastic Dura or Onix ball and so we've come to calling these balls "outdoor" balls.
Similarly, most people prefer playing indoors with the large holed Jugs or Big Hole Dura Ball, so we've come to calling these balls "indoor balls".
Ball choice is a matter of preference. Pickleball communities develop a preference for a particular brand and color of ball. Be warned. People feel strongly about their balls. Make sure and check what ball your community uses so you don't show up with the "wrong ball".
To learn more than you ever wanted to know about pickleball balls read our Ball Selection Guide.
The paddle is similar to a ping pong paddle in that it is solid and easily maneuverable with a turn of the wrist. When game was invented, wooden paddles were used and are still used at many institutions due to lower cost. The best quality paddles are made of lightweight fiberglass due to their lower weight and higher durability. Our champion fiberglass paddles come in a variety of bright colors.
Our most popular item is the Champion Bundle. Two of our best paddles with 6 of our best balls.
The game itself is played on a court that is the same size as a badminton court (20 feet wide by 44 feet long). The net is set at 36 inches high on the edges and 34 inches in the middle.
Pickleball's small court allows younger players or those with varying degrees of mobility to participate in a way that the larger court of tennis sometimes prohibits. Additionally, a rule prohibiting volleying (hitting the ball in the air) in the non-volley zone (the space 7 feet from the net) helps to equalize play and reduce overpowering smashes at the net.
Pickleball has become a common high school sport in gym classes and has gained popularity with teenagers as well as seniors. Schools often host tournaments. In New York State alone, it is estimated that over 500 schools include Pickleball in their curricula.
We offer several type of complete pickleball sets. The prices vary depending on the type of paddles included in the set. Wood paddles are the least expensive. Graphite are the most expensive. With a complete pickleball set you have everything you need to set up a pickleball court and play anywhere there's a hard surface, like a driveway, gym, cul-de-sac, parking lot or school yard.
Here's some of our most popular sets:
Rally Meister Set include:
- a portable net system with carrying bag
- four Rally Meister wood paddles
- six pickleballs
- pickleball duffel bag
- court line tape, and
- the Official Rule Book!
- a portable net with carrying bag,
- four Champion graphite paddles,
- six pickleballs,
- pickleball duffel bag,
- court line tape, and
- the Official Rule Book! | <urn:uuid:28320ba4-ba6c-4ef1-9684-96e3787733f4> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.pickleballcentral.com/WhatisPickleball_s/243.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430454576828.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501042936-00000-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960756 | 1,173 | 2.625 | 3 |
- Jews of Portugese-Spanish ancestry first landed on the island in 1530, fleeing persecution during the Spanish Inquisition. They made their homes in Spanish Town, then known as St Jago de la Vega.
- The first Jewish place of worship in Spanish Town was the Neveh Shalom Synagogue, established on Monk Street in 1704. This synagogue largely serviced Sephardic Jews (of Spanish-Portugese descent). Another synagogue was built in 1796 on Young Street to serve Jews of Ashkenazi (English and German) descent. The two congregations united in 1844.
- Jamaican Jews were given the right to vote in the 1800s and by 1849, eight of the 47 members of the House of Assembly were Jewish.
- Nearing the end of the 19th century, groups of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews came together to found the United Congregation of Israelites. Their synagogue on Duke Street, downtown Kingston, was destroyed in the 1907 earthquake. The Shaare Shalom Synagogue was rebuilt at the same location in 1912 and stands proudly to this day.
- Famous Jamaican Jews include the Matalon family, Ward Theatre architect Rudolph Henriques and Gleaner co-founders, Jacob and Joshua de Cordova. Jacob went on to found the city of Waco, Texas.
Read more about Jamaica’s Jewish history here. | <urn:uuid:23fa6d97-53c9-46a4-a260-b5651670cb19> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | http://digjamaica.com/m/blog/5-facts-jamaicas-jewish-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178366477.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20210303073439-20210303103439-00323.warc.gz | en | 0.962417 | 285 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Helping Adult Children with Parental Alienation SyndromeMarch 29, 2012 • A GoodTherapy.org News Summary
When parents use children as pawns in their divorce, the psychological consequences can be devastating. Parental alienation (PA) is the act of deliberately alienating a child from a targeted parent (TP) by an alienating parent (AP) and can cause a psychological condition referred to as parental alienation syndrome (PAS). Although this term is relatively new, the damage this type of behavior inflicts is not. When one parent denies a child access to the TP, the child struggles with feelings of hatred and fear towards the TP. These children often live in an environment riddled with malicious and derogatory remarks about the TP, and as they age, maintain guilt over harboring these feelings toward their parent.
Research on children of divorce has shown that this pattern of behavior can cause children to have social impairments that negatively impact their quality of life as adults. But until now, no study has looked specifically at PAS and its effect on key factors of development. To address this issue, Naomi Ben-Ami of Yeshiva University in New York evaluated 118 adult children of divorce and compared the children who experienced PAS to those who did not. She assessed several areas of social and psychological well-being, including depression, trust, self-hatred/esteem, anger, guilt, marital status, and achievement and identity problems.
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Ben-Ami found that the PA participants had substantially lower levels of achievement than the non-PA group, which was demonstrated by fewer college degrees, less overall employment, lower college enrollment, and more economic hardship. They also exhibited attachment issues, impaired relationships, and decreased self-esteem, possibly as a result of the lack of attention they received from their APs. The controlling behavior of an AP was also shown to increase feelings of anger and guilt in the PA participants. These emotions, coupled with diminished self-sufficiency, elevated the risk for depression in the children who were exposed to PAS. Ben-Ami believes these findings support previous research that shows the destructive and long-term consequences that a child must bear when he or she becomes entangled in a parent’s highly fueled emotions arising from a divorce or separation. This type of evidence, if made available to parents and involved psychological and legal experts, could help prevent this type of activity and maintain the integrity of relationships, present and future. Ben-Ami added, “Ideally, the trajectory can be interrupted successfully to allow children to maintain healthy relationships with both parents, to be loved by them and loving with them.”
Ben-Ami, N., Baker, A. J. L. The long-term correlates of childhood exposure to parental alienation on adult self-sufficiency and well-being. American Journal of Family Therapy 40.2 (2012): 169-83.
© Copyright 2012 by www.GoodTherapy.org - All Rights Reserved.
The preceding article summarizes research or news from periodicals or related source material in the fields of mental health and psychology. GoodTherapy.org did not participate in or condone any studies, or conclusions thereof, that may have been cited. Any views or opinions expressed are not necessarily shared by GoodTherapy.org.
ameliaMarch 30th, 2012 at 4:06 AM
Divorce affects children in a myriad of ways. Sometimes it can be for the best though. It is not right to deny a child access to a parent who has done nothing wrong except file for divorce in a marriage situation that he or she was not happy with. Why should they be punished? And then I know a lot of couples who then go around villifying one another, and of course children are going to be made to feel like they have to choose sides in order to maintain peace with them. It can be a very sad situation when allowed to be ahndled like this. There is no reason hy two grown adults should not be able to work out something more amicable so that the kids don’t have to suffer as much as they often do.
Donald PMarch 30th, 2012 at 3:14 PM
Sorry, but I kind of take the hard line here. I know divorce is hard, it’s not easy on anyone involved. But these are adults. Don’t you think it is time to leave the past behind you and get on with life? We all had tough things happen to us growing up, but that does not mean I am going to let that determine who I am forever. Sometimes you just have to be willing to let it go and stop having a big pity party for yourself.
BrandyDecember 5th, 2012 at 11:28 PM
You haven’t a clue!
Yes, we are adults; however, just consider this: from age 5-30 I lived one reality that was a complete falsehood and because of that, still today at 37, well-educated healthcare provider with 4 of my own children, I don’t know how to get back 25 years I lost with my father and had to walk away from my manipulative, alienating mother. One does not simply get over it when the very core of your foundation is shaken upon the realization that you lost a living family member, a parent for Hell’s sake, simply because the other one was selfish and manipulative.
Shame on you if you lack the ability or desire to rethink your position here.
Julian MAugust 8th, 2014 at 4:09 AM
Thank you for you comment!
CaseyMarch 31st, 2012 at 12:38 AM
Horrible of the people who do this to their kids. Why bring your hatred towards your former spouse in between him/her and the kids?? Play clean, divorce can be a painless thing too, you don have to make it full of conspiracy!
LindaMarch 31st, 2012 at 7:37 AM
Donald- you say for them to just get over it but it is obvious that you never experienced this in your own family, otherwise you would have a little more of an understanding about what it meant to be pulled from parent to parent and to still feel that way as an adult. As a child you should not be made to feel like you have to choose or that one parent is the enemy but unfortunately there are many children of divorce who are made to feel exactly that way. So not only does this cloud their judgement as to how they should act around one parent or the other, it also skews their own adult relationships as they were never provided with appropriate role models for a mature relationship of their own when they got older.
BrandyDecember 5th, 2012 at 11:23 PM
And I second your opinion.
Robert SMarch 31st, 2012 at 8:01 PM
This is very important work and needs to be continued, broadened and widely distributed. There are comments on this page that help the reader understand why this is necessary.
brandon aApril 1st, 2012 at 4:58 AM
My parents got divorced when I was 15, and it felt like a tug of war between them ALL THE TIME and I was in the middle. Please, be adults in this situation if you are going through it. Do it for your kids.
MonTanaApril 2nd, 2012 at 11:02 AM
The relationships that we create with our parents as a child are a clear indication of the types of relationships that we will be able to forge in our own lives as we become adults.
If there is no stability in our lives that we can find as a child, then how are we expected to have this in our own adult lives, and thereby how can we ensure that our own children will receive the same?
I really hate to see cycles like these become a constant, but it is true that once the wheel starts turning it is hard to find another direction for it to turn.
I am saying all of this as an adult child of divorce, and one who then had the same thing happen when my husband and I split. I wanted it to all be a better and healthier experience than what I had grwoing up, but I guess I did not know any different and somehow it all feels the same.
AdamApril 8th, 2012 at 1:41 AM
As a father, I can tell you Courts in California do not fully accept this concept. Judges act on things they can see. The Superior Court of Solano County hires experts that are older women and I have found that many consider this topic to be a theory. They have not read up on the topic. The Court directs that families be examine for child support and physical violence. This stuff is not on the radar. I tried to bring it up in Court and the Judge said I don’t know what to do–This was after the Court’s expert testified she knew nothing about this topic. I express only anger on blogs that the system is so screwed up that whether you give this stuff a name or not, it happens and is forbidden by Court orders in California–but Judges do not act bad mouthing….it needs to be physical violence or not paying child support. The anger on the blogs represents my anger as well as what other fathers have had to say.
Jennifer FApril 12th, 2012 at 11:23 PM
Stealing a child’s heart and soul is the worst form of child abuse. The spiteful parent who alienates the child from the loving parent – cares not in the least for the child. The child is used as a pawn to seek revenge. The long term effects are devastating. Ask me how I know.
BrandyDecember 5th, 2012 at 11:20 PM
I know it’s been 8 months since you posted this, but I wanted to say thank you. Thank you for letting the world know that you are one that knows. I know much too well myself and hope to do something someday to help the world gain an understanding on a broader plane. You aren’t alone either and your willingness to speak up did not go unappreciated tonight.
Maureen FApril 23rd, 2014 at 6:02 AM
I love to have you comment as a man to a child / son who has been SEVERLY alienated from the mother for past 8″ yrs or to a father who is deny IT!! ”
Calling it everything under the sun!!!!
Now my sons are 15&17″
Pain of there pain is so immense I can’t live my life without agonizing over it” everyday!!! I feel like my sons have been murdered!! The reality of this targity!!! Yet completely twisted!!!!!
Thank you, I appreciate your reply,
Maureen FApril 23rd, 2014 at 5:55 AM
Amen!!! Thank you for your comment!!!
How do you know?
Love to hear your story!!!
It may help My sons in there pain”
LynnApril 23rd, 2012 at 1:09 PM
I have experienced this in my family. My ex has spent years that I was not aware of making very negative remarks about me to the children which basically told him I was not a good mom or wife. He has been successful in even turning friends of ours at church against me. He will pretend to cry and act as if he has been hurt when he is the one who has done all of the hurt (physical abuse to me, cheating and lying). Now my 2 grown children will have nothing to do with me. He was never there for them growning up. I was always with them including teaching at the school they attended and was at all their games (he was not). I don’t know how to get them back in my life but I will never give up as long as I am alive.
mjJune 18th, 2014 at 9:09 PM
I know of your pain.2 of my 4 children have turned against me with what seems to be no reason. When I read these posts U wonder if after all these years (17 post divorce) my ex has convinced them that the divorce was my fault. I did best to not diss their dad, but it was difficult sometimes when he wouldn’t even pay the measly $450/mo support and rarely exercised his visitation rights nor helped with the extra incidentals (pictures,prom, drivers training, ins. Etc). Now I am being penalized by not being allowed to see my grandkids. So who suffers here?
CherylJune 5th, 2012 at 9:49 PM
Here is a message of hope for TP’s. I divorced when my children were 6 and 9. My ex-spouse has NPD, actively alienated me and successfully separated me from my youngest, a son, (while vilifying my daughter, for not totally rejecting me), when my son was 12. For years, I had no regular visitation with my son, ( my daughter was with me) courts would not intervene or enforce, and any interaction whatsoever with my ex just made things worse. I still went to any public function (scouts, school), just so he would see me there, I volunteered at his school, attended his sports and scouts events, met his teachers, said a simple “hello” to him when I could, and asked how he was, told him I loved him, was proud of him. Sometimes all I could do was be a loving and supportive presence in a room, and I had to do so with his father standing right there, angry and purple by his side. I treasured any little visit with the three of us (with sister) even if it was interrupted by Dad’s constant and continual phone calls. The part that ultimately saved my relationship with my son was never completely giving up, always being around and available and always showing him and the people around him, ( teachers, neighbors, friends) a kind and unconditionally loving energy, (never clingy, needy, or angry, and even if I was all torn-up inside). He is now nineteen, still lives with his dad, and we still have to maintain a low-key relationship, as he still gets actively punished, if he spends much time with me. But he does love me, tells me so, and he finally gave me a Mothers Day card, in which he wrote “Thanks for always being there.” He also gets along well with his sister. When he was younger, he ignored me, he hurt my feelings, he resented my presence when it caused him problems with his dad, I despaired often, but some part of him noticed I was there, and that I loved him. It was excruciatingly painful for me, but the critical message got through to him, thank goodness. Hopefully, as he grows up, things will continue to get better.
RobinJuly 31st, 2014 at 7:42 PM
Cheryl, thanks so much for posting this! I’m so happy to hear your story, and it gives me hope. Can I ask, did you text or call your son from time to time? It’s been two years, and I used to text him and occasionally call, but realized it was time to let him be. I sent him a text in April, telling him I would respect him and leave him alone, which he thanked me for. But I often wonder if that’s the answer. I never want him to feel like I stopped loving him, or thinking about him. I hope things continue to go well for you and your kids!
Jennifer and Jimmy FSeptember 16th, 2012 at 9:09 AM
On April 12, 2012, we posted a message regarding Parental Alienation and it’s devastating effects. It is with great sadness that we write to say that our 22 year old son, William Tyler Huber, died tragically on August 23, 2012. William was alientated from us, by his dad. Although we had a relationship with William, it was clear he was never able to break free from the emotional clutches of his dad. William was made to feel guilty for loving us. No child – no matter their age – should be forced to choose which parent to love. William’s dad obviously never knew the meaning of love – because he could never have hurt William the way he did, if he truly loved him. We love and miss William, dearly. Jennifer and Jimmy F
JanetJanuary 1st, 2013 at 3:21 PM
Ive been divorced for 10 years. My ex has never stopped manipulating my daughters and did a very terrible thing to my son. When my oldest daughter was 10 he decided to tell them I had just left and took them so he couldn’t see them anymore. I didn’t know this for 3 years and had been wondering why my children were angry with me all the time and eventually started to not want to be around me or my family. My ex was the one who had an affair walked out and moved in with another woman. We are still going through this awful antagonistic situation and it’s hard but I am going to bring light to this syndrome. My children are text book cases and I’ve documented everything. He went so far as to accuse my son at the age of nine of molesting the girls who were 4&2. My son is now 19 and I still have not told him. If anyone has any advice for me please feel free.
Melissa P.April 19th, 2014 at 12:18 PM
You need to tell your son the truth.
derekJanuary 8th, 2013 at 4:33 PM
My Mother invoved me in the preocess of leaving my father we packed everything quickily jumped on an areoplane and left the country to another on the oppisite side of the world when i was 12 years old.
My mother made up lies and told these to me about my father e.g she said my brother who had allready ;eft home had boiling water poured over him from my dad and that he held pillows over our faces as children to stop us from crying when he was sleepy. my father found our telephone number as he managed to contact one of my mothers relatives who provided him with the contact number and this i was put in th emiddle with my father calling crying or enraged that my mother had gone and my mother throwing me the phone and saying talk to your father after she had wound him up and i would be made to say im sorry dad mum doesnt want to speak with you. at age 17 i went to see my father and stayed with him a short while. I only realised this year how damaging my mother was to me andthat it wasnt just a strange divorce it was actually abduction. My life has been complicated i can never settle anywhere for long e.g ive now in my thirties and have lived in over 52 places 4 continents for longer than two month periods. life has been a little tricky really i have such deep anger at my parents now i choose to live in a complete seperate country and try to see them only once every few years the longer the better.
CherieJanuary 31st, 2013 at 6:50 AM
This article is very frustrating because like almost everything I read, it just states the problem which we already know!! but has no advice on what to do! With grown children, it is no longer possible to attend sporting events etc. especially when they live far away. My son has told me in the past that he doesn’t open my letters. He never emails me back and I have to assume he deletes them without reading. My only connection to him is through his siblings. I can only hope that he can see that his younger brother and sister have a great relationship with me and that I have raised them to be good people. His father really did a number on him starting when he was only 13. He is now 26 and still wants nothing to do with me. I have tried and tried over the years to no avail. To say it has been painful is a huge understatement.
LynnMarch 8th, 2013 at 6:39 PM
I understand the pain you are going thru. There is nothing you can do that will get your sons attention. I’m sorry to tell you. Your son is just as unhealthy as the other parent. I beleive that therapy might be helpful, altho they will fight tooth and nail no to take part. I too have a similar situation and it was also when my daughter was 13, she’s now 26 and still will not speak to me. Her siblings don’t understand and can’t help. It breaks our hearts. I beleive it’s all too painful for the child and or young adult to deal with and they are still dependant upon their abuser.
MaggieApril 14th, 2013 at 5:01 PM
I just have trouble understanding how a non-custodial parent who deserted their children has the right to complain about parental alienation. I feel that if one had better things to do than to love and nuture the most precious gift on every has,one’s children, there might be a just cause for parental alienation. Stop your whining! You got what you deserve!
JacquelineDecember 4th, 2013 at 4:37 PM
I think your comments are typical of parents who put their emotional needs before their children’s. People can still be parents after divorce and should not be ‘punished’ because they do not wish to be married or stay with that person. Very sad as does not make for a happy life for all involved including the alienating parent who seems driven by revenge and anger
AmyNovember 18th, 2014 at 2:25 PM
Maybe the “non-custodial” parent wanted their child to stay in the family home and couldn’t afford it, and had to stay with family after separation because there was not a lot of money. I’d say that’s putting the child’s needs first, and any normal person wouldn’t think something like parental alienation can or would happen.
So, you might want to think before you give such a black and white answer.
BethApril 15th, 2013 at 6:16 AM
Do the children get what they deserve?
Jennifer & Jimmy FApril 18th, 2013 at 11:28 AM
Gloria BMay 7th, 2013 at 9:54 AM
I have seen so many situations where children have one parent who puts the other down and it’s usually the one who the child lives with who is doing the dirty work. I think a lot of parents don’t understand the true impact on their child and sadly, some of them just don’t care because they are seeking revenge and use the children to hurt the other parent. They hate the child’s other parent and genuinely feel that their child needs to know the ‘facts’ and reject the ‘other’ parent. The devastating effect it has on the child’s psychological well-being is heart breaking and it can lead to drug abuse, alcohol abuse and suicide when these children grow up. If a child is half Dad and half Mom, then they see themselves as half good and half bad, right? Seeing one parent as ‘bad’ makes them feel bad inside. They self medicate to dull the pain caused by the alienating parent. They often feel guilty for ‘hating’ the once loved parent.
Children caught up in divorce and separation often blame themselves and crave a peaceful home life so they try to be ‘good’ often by taking the side of the parent with whom they spend the most time, the custodial parent. The custodial parent usually is the one alienating the child if it is happening. The damage caused by encouraging a child to reject one parent can last a lifetime. Children need to have a good opinion of both parents and to see their parents have a ‘working relationship’ based on THEIR needs to enable them to grow up with sound mental health. It is a crime to kill off a loving parent simply because you hold a grudge and can’t get past your own selfishness.
Oddly enough, the children of abusive parents rarely ever go against them because they are afraid of getting treated badly themselves. The children stand by the abusive parent and reject the nice parent. The nice parent gets abuse from the children, extended family and even people who don’t even know them. An abuser infects everyone.
I feel very contempt for abusive parents who are so self centered they sacrifice their children to punish the other parent. I feel truly sorry for the children and target parents who long to be together in a loving and valued relationship but cannot find peace. I hope all alienated children see the light and see the abusive alienating parent for what they really are. No child deserves to be used and abused.
DeniseJuly 7th, 2014 at 1:19 AM
Sherry MJuly 5th, 2013 at 6:59 PM
Please don’t ever lose hope. My 21 year old son gave me the best Mother’s Day ever. I received a text from him and then a phone call. We talked for over an hour. A week later he came for dinner. He now realizes what his father has done to him. He hasn’t said as much, but I believe he knows. I will never say anything bad about his father because a person should never have to choose who to love and he’s been thru enough hell. For all of you who haven’t seen your children, please do not lose hope…God does make miracles. He gave me the gift of my son and if I die today, I’ve died a very rich woman.
Terri F.June 8th, 2014 at 7:49 AM
Thank you so much for sharing hope. Hope is all I have of my lovely daughter. I am glad for your reunion and pray for the same for us all.
Iowa PASAugust 11th, 2013 at 6:46 PM
To Maggie… you must be a person who does PAS since you are saying what you said. You need help!!!
Iowa PASAugust 11th, 2013 at 6:54 PM
Many of us never did anything to our children. Courts have closed their eyes and don’t want to say they were wrong. Nobody deserves to go through PAS specially the children! Some didn’t get their children because they were deaf and their ex was hearing, some give their life to the arm services and their ex wasn’t in it, some got their children because of who their ex’s family is even though they never did anything for the children but since their family “RUNS” the county they got the kids. These are just a few ways judges have ruled the way they did. Really…how can a person like you Maggie be there saying we deserve what we got.
TerriOctober 22nd, 2013 at 8:47 AM
My suggestion is that a professional on this topic write a book to the adult children of alienation and help them to recover and find a way to mend relationships. I wish I had access to such a book to send to my 26 year old daughter. A book that does not judge but that does provide positive inspiration. This has been an unbelievably painful situation for me (8 years total estrangement) but must be even more devastating for my lovely daughter. She lost all her family since her Dad has none. I offer my prayers to all others out there affected by this this type of situation. You are not alone.
ConnieMarch 18th, 2014 at 7:58 PM
There is a book “breaking the ties that bind” it’s about children that are now adults, and they have realized they were victims of PAS. It’s a very informative book and a great tool for use in court, as it has much research as to the outcome of PAS.
TerriJune 8th, 2014 at 7:55 AM
Thank you Connie. Breaking Ties that Bind” is a good tool.
Tim JOctober 28th, 2013 at 6:16 PM
It’s sad and heart wrenching to know how many others suffer the same pain. When one parent intentionally keeps the other parent away from the child, it only causes pain to the growth of the child. The child should truly know how much the other parent loves them. This is a form of Child abuse. In my case my sons Mother has done this to me. In Japan we don’t have rights. If I was in the States, I wouldn’t have such language barriers, not to mention the Japanese Govt. doesn’t assist alienated parents here. The mediation courts side with the mother. In my case the ex- never lets me meet my son outside a park. This creates anxiety and takes away my right to show my son other things in life. I stay in Japan for one thing only, and that is my son. It’s not his fault, but if,I leave…..I would have regrets even though I have no rights here. It tears my heart apart everyday. Parents shouldn’t be allowed to alienate and the Japanese government should realize, when a child is born to a foreign parent, we deserve rights. In America we express our love openly. In japan it’s all about studying and the family’s aren’t very open with their feelings. I wish my son had been born in the States. I wouldn’t have denied his mother equal rights. But here I am in Japan, fighting and hitting my head against the wall. let’s hope 2014 sees some changes in the Japanese way of thinking.
John ONovember 14th, 2013 at 1:40 PM
Back in 2007 when I was divorced my ex wife told me that she will do anything she can to take my only child away from me at any cost. I downplayed this and did not know what she really meant but when her sister in law came to my house several months after my divorce and stated that I should do everything I can to save my child and that my ex wife is going to take him away from me no matter what, I woke up!!!
So, in March of 2012 after years of trying to take my child away from me my ex wife started to call dept of children and families, lying to them about stuff to try to take my child away from me.
My ex wife started to make it a habit to call Dept of Children and Families first in October 2011 when my son was touching another child while under her care and now my son no longer sees that friend of his and the families do not speak.
First, it started off as me beating my child up but DCF closed this out immediately because it was unfounded.
A few months after this I took my son to Ny to visit his grandparents and let him see nyc and where I was raised. We got back from Ny on August 7, 2012 and the allegation of sexual abuse started just a couple weeks after this visit to Ny.
My ex girlfriend actually started to contact my ex wife and team up against me because I had taken away the car she drives on August 15, 2012. My ex s attorney will not allow us to see my ex wife’s phone records but I know that they both teamed up against me because when my ex wife served me an injunction she mentioned my ex girlfriend a lot in it.
So, on August 31, 2013 I was served an injunction and I could not see my child. On September 4, 2012 my child is interviewed by DCF and states that some woman fondled him while he was with me at my house. However, he also states that he did not tell me about this because he did not want to. The kicker here is that during my hearing on Sept 20, 2012 my ex’s attorney states to the court that my child told me about this woman fondling him and I did nothing about it and the judge bought it and issued me an injunction and i couldn’t see my child for one year unless it was supervised visits.
When a child is brainwashed supervised visits do not work and the system does not understand this at all.
So, the fondling of my child did not go anywhere with DCF or the detective so a few months pass by and then more aggressive allegations begin to come out. The next allegation on Jan, 2, 2013 interview with DCF my child states that the woman that fondled my son now had brown hair and not blonde hair and she had an English accent and 17 years of age ( I have never been with an English accent woman). My son also states that I have a video camera system in my house where he can see naked people in every room. This does not exist in my house and i gave full access to the detectives that inspected my house. It gets better and better with the allegations because my son states that all of this happened a year before he complained about it which would make him 6 years of age.
After the fondling doesn’t go anywhere he then states to DCF that i show him porn with naked people including boys and girls and men and women. He states that i tricked him into looking at it when I told him to look at my screen to see Bob Marley stuff. Bob Marley was actually introduced to my son by my ex wife’s new husband and anyway this scenario never happened anyway.
Showing of porn goes no where and DCF closes this case as well and the detective on the case even calls my lawyer and says “your client is not going to like what else has come up now”, knowing that all of this is a fabrication and illustration of brainwashing.
Next up since me showing him porn doesn’t go anywhere the new allegation becomes I now fondle my own child. Isn’t this getting disgusting and repulsive? That, I also masturbate in front of him and one time he even saw black and brown stuff come out of my penis. After he saw this he states that I then told him that I am going to do this to you now. How sick can a person get doing this to a child and brainwashing him like this?
So, what’s next here? I will tell you what’s next since nothing has stuck or I haven’t gotten in trouble with anyone—-I raped my child is next right? Yes, I believe that is about where we should be next and my ex may want to say this to DCF now.
The moral of the story and my point here is that I will do anything in my power to educate those out there that have dealt with this same situation because I know first hand what it feels like. You do not know what it is like unless you have lived through this hell and when your ex takes your child to a psychologist that is one sided and biased this adds fuel to the fire. That is probably why the psychologist no longer will see my child because her reports are biased and she was against me the while time, believing in my ex wife and going against an innocent man who did nothing to his child. I filed a complaint against her with the dept of health because she was so biased in her reports and whenever my ex wife made up another story she could not wait to get on that phone to call DCF.
The best is when my son says to the DCF investigator ” My stepdaddy told me that I cannot talk about certain things with you because I will go to kidjail”. Are you kidding me? I lost my child for a year and none of these so-called professionals can see this???? My son then says to the DCF investigator “am I winning yet?” This has become a game to my son and he has been fully brainwashed but only I can understand what it has done to me, not my lawyer, not the judge, not anyone!!!
I will continue to be a strong advocate of parents that have dealt with PAS and I will do whatever I can to help those who have suffered from it.
I hope to God the judge sees what is going on here and reads up on PAS and looks at every print of my reports including transcripts of the injunction hearing, my son’s two interviews with DCF etc. I hope he sees that the prior judge made a mistake and made a hasty decision and took an innocent man’s only child away from him. Now, my child hates me and says to the person in charge of supervised visitations “I do not wish to participate in this”. My child does not know that word or words like “state attorney”. He shows up to a supervised visit and we have a blast and at the end he gives me a hug and says he loves me but then the supervised visitations stop all of a sudden and of course my crying never ends. I even had one of the women that work the supervised visitations cry once when they told me that he will not come in to see me because he is afraid of me. Who does this to a child just 8 years of age? Some sick people with no morals is your answer. Now how do you heal such a situation and who is to pay for this and be held accountable for this? Who can bring me back my 14 months that I have lost without my child? I don’t know what he looks like, I don’t know how he is doing in school, I can’t hear his voice and I can’t play ball with him. What kind of system is this where a person gets away with lies and brainwashes a child but does not have to do any time or even be put in check for her actions? Brainwashing a child should be a felony!!!!!!
One minute he says “i miss you daddy” then the next minute he doesn’t want to see me anymore. I am still standing and fighting for my son but I have been beaten down like you can’t believe. I am worn out, always crying, have no money left, cannot eat at all, cannot sleep at all and when I do sleep I don’t want to wake up.
I want my son back and I want people to be held accountable for what they have done to me starting with my ex wife, her husband, the psychologist and the lawyer that lied to the judge at the hearing. This is America and I deserve justice and so does every parent who has dealt with PAS.
ConnieMarch 18th, 2014 at 7:32 PM
Amen to that. Everything you said is right on. As a women in your shoes, it’s damn frustrating. The pain T’S go thru is a grief unlike any other. I have to have family look up my daughter on Facebook to see what she looks like ( she has blocked me at her dad’s request). Her voice? I hear it in my head, but that’s when she was 12, she’s 15 now. I am my own attorney at this point, and I had much evidence to prove PAS. So far I’ve gotten the judge to get her a new therapist, instead of the biased one she had that talked to the ex, but didn’t want to “wreck her neutrality” by talking to me. He was pretty pissed when he saw that order. Lets see if he will follow it ( so far its been a month and he wont return my emails)Wow. Every day is a blessing and a curse. But I’m trying to hold on. Everyone says when she’s 18 I’ll hear from her…..it’s what keeps me going. It’s a small hope, but hope none the less.
John ONovember 14th, 2013 at 3:36 PM
I will tell you what needs to be done here with PAS. The judges, lawyers, social workers, psychologists and parents themselves should have mandatory classes they need to take for ce credits, for the parents it would be just a course they need to take, kind of like a parenting course.
Also,when a child is old enough he/she should take the course too. I do not have the answer as to when they should take it but it would help the child that is being manipulated better understand the situation at hand. He/she would realize what ingredients there are in PAS and how to block this from happening.
PAS awareness day is April 25th and I believe people should rally and get together and put up signs against this horrific act of brainwashing innocent children that just want to be loved by both parents equally!!! They need both parents no matter what and both parents need their child as well.
We should all educate those that don’t know anything about PAS. Sounds corny to people that have not gone though what we have but it will not be so corny if they too go through this themselves. It is the worst feeling in the world and the system holds your child hostage at the house of the parent that is controlling the situation the whole time.
I will never ever give up on my son and I know no one would give up on their child. I will fight this evil act as long as I live and help others who are going through it as well.
StephonieNovember 25th, 2013 at 9:41 PM
Iowa PAS, your response to MAGGIE took the words right out of my mouth. Either Maggie’s an alienating parent (they have a hard time recognizing themselves as such) or she’s the adult outcome of parental alienation, which is horrifying. Fortunately for me, my children started coming around soon after they finished college (read that, no longer financially dependent on their father). But even now my daughters feel they have to hide their relationship with me because they’re afraid his rage will cause him to burst a vein or have a heart attack. Also, I’ve noticed that they seem to be emotionally “stuck” at the age they were when the alienation started. It’s heartbreaking and demands superhuman patience, but you just don’t give up on your kids.
John ONovember 27th, 2013 at 10:34 AM
The worst part about all of this is the fact that your only child states that he now hates his “real daddy” and he continues to introduce me in his statements as “daddy john” instead of daddy. He calls his step dad “DAD”. No one really knows what this really feels like. He is my only child and I have lost him to evil. I guess evil does win. How a person can be so damn evil is beyond me. Patience is key but at a certain time patience begins to run out and you lose faith in the whole system we have here in Florida for sure. The heartache continues!!!
KyleDecember 1st, 2013 at 7:48 AM
First I am so sorry that you feel the way you do. I do not know if you suffer from PAS. But please listen to my story. I am the victim of PA. Let me give you some background. Before I told my ex that I wanted a divorce I went through a ton of pain. She withheld all physical contact. No intimacy, no hugs, couldn’t tell me that she loved me. That went on for years. She was also in love with another man. What they did if anything I do not know, but when confronted, she refused to stop seeing him. I agonized over my decision but finally decided that I needed to move on. I couldn’t live that “life” anymore. But I stayed in that loveless relationship for as long as I did because of my children. To leave them was brutal. I finally divorced my ex. What happened during that process still blows me away. She started manipulating everyone around her including me, the kids, her friends, my friends, coworkers and victimized herself in their eyes. Suddenly it was me that had an affair, me that was unloving, me that was manipulating my kids. After a long and mostly happy marriage and giving this woman and children my everything, I am still in shock. My adult children know NOTHING about what she did and didn’t do. That is because I know how much it would have devastated them. I never wanted them to know what she did and how she really was. I withheld that from my kids because I LOVE THEM. Now I am tempted to tell the two who have alienated me, but I am still torn. However they will have nothing to do with me, and have cut off all contact. I love all my children more than life itself. I thought when I left that they would be in the capable hands of the woman that I married. Instead she has twisted their minds and hearts against a loving father. I now understand that she is sick, with narcissistic behaviors and acts only in her confused best interest. I am seeking therapy now to learn the best method to unravel the web that she has woven. To you I can only say that if you have been victimized by parental alienation, you wouldn’t even know it. A loving parent would do whatever it takes to keep from hurting their children, even if it means hurting themself in the process. As a parent I am sure that you understand that. I hope that you open your mind and heart to the possibility that the picture that has been painted may not be a representation of what really happened. Think of how you would feel if 30 years from now you discover the truth, and realize how much pain your alienation has caused your targeted parent. Think of what you have denied your parent, yourself, and your children! Perhaps try and put yourself in his shoes. How would you feel if one of your children suddenly hated you for the way that they perceived you, but not for the loving parent that you are? I will pray for my children tonight, as I do but I will pray for you too Maggie, so that you will be able to see through the haze that clouds your ability to see.
John ODecember 2nd, 2013 at 8:29 AM
Very well written and I pray for you and your children as well on this day. My hearing is next Monday and the truth will be told to the judge who may not understand what PAS is but I pray to God that the judge has had some experience with this at least a little bit. I am with you Kyle.
John OralDecember 6th, 2013 at 9:18 AM
We have gathered everything and complied with everything but now the judge just decides to prolong the process and allow the motion to continue to go on. Judges just pass it along forever by just extending injunctions 3 months here and 3 months there. They have no clue what the truth it and they do not read all the case material either. Judges are to partly to blame for this system as well. My final hearing was to be on December 9, 2013 at 9am and we go everything we needed for the judge. However, now the judge extended the injunction once again for another 3 months. These 3 months will allow my child to be in prison for another 3 months and brainwashed even more thoroughly. I am sure this time he will say that I raped him instead of the aforementioned stuff such as a woman fondled him then I showed him porn then I touched him!!!!! The system allows the “real” perpetrator more time to brainwash the poor child!!!! Damn the system here in Florida. Horrible, as I suffer for another 3 months and trust me it affects me emotionally, physically etc etc. Like a slow death. Damn you Florida state system!!!!
John ODecember 13th, 2013 at 1:22 PM
Some people deserve not to see their child or children . Your honor Mr. Apte and I agree with you 100 percent. BUT NOT ME!!!! Look at the other side making these allegations and their motivation to make these allegations your honor. Give me back my only child. I promise you that is the right decision and I promise you that you will be appalled at the other side for taking my son away from me for this long. This story will go public I assure you that your honor because the system doesn’t work, it is flawed and it takes an innocent father away from his child. Anyone can get an injunction against anyone these days. The first judge made a huge mistake by taking my son away from me, please do not do the same here. My ex’s attorney knowingly lied to the court to get what he wants and this is being exposed right now as we speak with the Florida Bar. Trust me when I tell you I am all in, I AM ALL IN. I want justice and I want the truth to come out ASAP. THe more you wait and extend this injunction the more unjust this becomes. . You can take my life for all I care your honor , just as long as my son knows the truth.
DonnaDecember 27th, 2013 at 11:55 AM
My sister is almost 31 & not speaking to our mom after a lifetime of her dad putting down my mom and involving her in alimony details while my mother remained silent about the inappropriate behavior and verbal abuse on his part. I have come to realize that it’s affected me to a certain extent as well — just witnessing his disrespect towards my mom. My ex-husband has completely alienated our daughter from me as his dad did him and his siblings who remain alienated from my former mother-in-law while catering to their physically, mentally, and verbally abusive father — oh, but he has an inheritance.
John OJanuary 1st, 2014 at 9:16 AM
THE TRUE VICTIM!!!Wednesday, January 01, 2014 12:15:00 PM
I beg for the judge to please read everything in front of him as my new years wish and prayer, that is all I want in 2014. I want to be re-united with my son more than anything else in the world. Your honor, please find your heart and search for the truth instead of doing the simple thing of extending my injunction once again. Just read , hear and watch all the evidence in front of you instead of just passing the buck at me and my son’s expense and just downplaying what my son means to me!!! I don’t know if you know what this feels like but I wish you would just put yourself in my shoes for once. I did nothing wrong here and yet you are not reading the evidence in front of you!!! Why do I need to spend thousands of dollars more in order to prove my case when everything is right in front of you? Is this just political? It’s a safe bet for you to just extend the injunction rather than make a decision isn’t it? Once again at my expense and my son’s expense. I don’t know if you have children but once again I believe that a person has to go through what I have been through to really understand how horrible this system is. Happy new year your honor, please do not just think about your election and political career, re-unite me with my son!! What has happened here is a huge sin and everyone has a judgment day and I just hope you do the right thing in 2014. I have cried enough, missed enough and died enough so please just read the evidence your honor. You cannot bring back the 16 months that I have lost without my son, you cannot bring back countless Thanksgivings, Christmas’, New Years, birthdays and father’s days etc… However, you can do the right thing and re-unite an innocent father with his beloved son this new year. Happy new year.
Dan C.January 8th, 2014 at 12:18 PM
This is for Maggie. How dare you say that the TP deserves it. You have no idea the expense and time, not to mention all the heartache TP’s have endured just trying to have a relationship with their children. If the AP didn’t spend so much of their time alienating maybe they could see their own mistakes. It doesn’t matter that a father moves away from his children, what matters is the mother telling them “your father doesn’t love you” or “your father left you for his girlfriend, he loves her more than he loves you” do you not realize the damage you are doing to your children? That is PAS in its best form. When the father, no matter the distance between him and his children, has done everything in his power to ensure a relationship with his children only to be shot down by his children actually telling him they do not want to talk to him or have anything to do with him ever again. But through all that pain you still TRY. You still send cards, letters, gifts and you still try to contact them even though it’s futile. It’s the not giving up that matters most to a TP so please don’t say we deserve it. Get help for your children as well cause trust me, they will need it also. It’s a damn shame a parent that pretends to be so perfect can’t see the damage they are doing to their kids because they are so insecure they have to have all of the children’s love and attention at any cost. I have 3 kids that are all considered adults now and none of them will have anything to do with me. I also have 2 grandchildren now that I will never get to see or hold or ever be a part of their lives. So please don’t tell us we deserve it. You really have no idea.
John OralJanuary 10th, 2014 at 8:37 AM
MAGGIE: You seriously need help and cannot even begin to understand the pain we go through. Maybe one day you will go through it too and then you will understand this “pain”. Get a life!!!
DadJanuary 23rd, 2014 at 1:22 PM
It has been five (5) years since I have had visitation with my youngest son Alex and at that time my son was in 5th grade. My son hates my guts. The ex-wife, kicked out my oldest, handicapped son six years ago, and I had to go get custody. At that time, she elected to block me from seeing my youngest son. The judge appointed a reunification therapist, and the ex-wife ensured that process would not work. Many years of court, BIA, and now a forensics psychologist, I have been recently told it is too late to legally do anything since my youngest son is now 15 years old. I have been told that soon as my son leaves his mother’s house he will seek me out. My son has lost the value a man could have brought to his life. I have lost 1000 football tosses and seeing my son grow up. I will always love you Alex, your Father.
ConnieMarch 18th, 2014 at 7:09 PM
I totally know your pain. I have not seen my daughter in 3 years due to ex spouse with false allegations and so much lying, I don’t know how he can sleep at night. The court system in Minnesota plays a sad, detached part in it as they have taken years to finally “get it” about the father of our child. Sadly, it is too late, the damage has been done and my daughter doesn’t want to see me, as she protects her dad, the injured, angry and abusive man I divorced. She is 15 now. I’m sad for her, for him also, and for the future of this country with divorce rates so high and children involved. Nothing good has come out of this, except divorcing an abusive man. But at times I have to ask myself….was it worth the pain and slow torture of losing my child to PAS? There are days I can get by not shedding tears, there are days there are reminders of her everywhere. I would not wish this he’ll on anyone.
MitzyJanuary 24th, 2014 at 11:46 AM
I have the opposite problem, sort of. My ex is a very jealous person and likes to abuse me. From day one of my childrens lives (in the womb) I have had to fight tooth and nail to get anything for my kids. We have been married 35 years, and throughout those 34 years ex made every line item purchase a “silent punishment for me” . I had a lot growing up but little help after leaving home due to violence in my home when my Dad drank, because of that I wanted to give my kids MORE help when they got older, plus they are so spread out (4) girls that the oldest got to be young for quite a while (in goody getting, at Valentines and Easter, Christmas etc.) When most parents cut off their kids, I still like to give and they to recieve “holiday goodies”. Hubby grew up in the depression with cold, not loving parents. He griped (publicy but mostly privately so THEY wouldn’t see his abuses ) about every thing I bought irregardless of who it was for. Mostly he always accused me of doing all the spending for me, while I did treat myself as well as other members of the family, no one went without including husband. Due to his “no joy” outlook on life he tried desperately to convince everyone I had a spending problem, not, he was just cheap, thoughtless, and selfish with his money. He STILL acts out if I even buy for my grandchild a few clothes or toys, or sheets for my dying fathers bed. He is a narcissistic individual, and thinks it ALL should be about him, or else, mostly the or else is my being chastized if he even HEARS I have spent money on anyone at all for ANY reason, and is constantly trying to make me guilty, so much so that I am considering asking the adult children to keep what I buy for them underwraps. These are NOT extravagant amounts, and in fact some of the toys are even used toys, just want to give something little to make them happy and me noticing the milestones or the joy of granny hood. He is real polite in front of everyone (he never buys anything) but he was and still is horrible to me about those things in private and we are about to be divoriced. I am aware he is jealous, and sickly so, but I don’t want to stop these treats or go underground, or ask them to lie, but I cannot tolerate the abuses anymore for what he goes fishing for in casual conservations with the adult kids that I know are fishing expeditions to let me know he knows what I do and it is his job to rip me for it. and then tried to abuse me with. I hate his use of them or anyone to abuse me, so What should I do
MitzyJanuary 24th, 2014 at 11:58 AM
ps, I said violence in my Dad’s home, but I only saw one incidence other that that he was a GREAT dad, who succumbed to stress when he lost his business, he continued to be a great Dad till the day he died, but some might use him as a target to abuse me and yes, my husband did. I had great respect for my Dad, and much compassion for his sufferings, but compared to my husband he was a saint and a much much better involved father. He ex always abused my pain of this trouble in my family and hurt me deeply with his hateful sarcastic remarks. He says I don’t know who to trust and I said add himself to that list. Anyway, my husband always gave to strangers while bitching about MY spending and since retirement with (1/2 a mil. in his account) he is STILL horried about my buying anything for anyone and says I am spending all HIS money on myself. NOT, but I do take care of me also in ways he wouldn’t EVER or do for himself. He is just sick with this greedy hatetred and money obsessions while self punishing himself on a cot and acting like I took all his money from him…just really sick as he agreed to all the mediated settlements to look good, but living it is impossible for him. I fear he will end up alienating all our kids, as I “have to back off and do nothing, or he hears about it and STILL abuses me”. No one addresses this aspect of both me and the grown childrens abuses by proxy.
MitzyJanuary 24th, 2014 at 12:14 PM
Also, my heart goes out to you all with minor children and the hell they are put through. After seeing this first hand with my husbands first family, I vowed no matter WHAT I would stay married till my kids were grown. Some think it was the money I stayed for and yet he (ex) didn’t always have money, and I have cc debt to carry the rest of my life, cause when he HAD money he STILL wouldn’t part with it, so all the kids needs went on my cards (hubbies and mine too) and when he retired he REFUSED to pay for these, and lied to himself MORE that I spent it all on me, not, when he retired and before he could collect on his pensions and we still had four kids at home…or ahem almost adults we paid an HUGE amount to keep everyone on insurance, leaving little with the decrease in pay for much else each month. Enter the credit cards, but when he GOT the money to pay these off and still have plenty he REFUSED, claiming it was my spending ONLY. WAS NOT. He would not “allow” me to work, and hated it if I even sold crafts or had any money. So I just bit the bullet and lived in the style we should have had he SHARED his money with the family. Well I am paying for that now, but would do the same again, as putting my kids through the hell you all describe here just wasn’t gonna happen. Yes, they are damaged, but not as much as some kids who are “in the war zone” all their lives and pulled back and forth like dog toys.
MitzyJanuary 25th, 2014 at 4:56 AM
In case someone tried to point out, that I should have “done as I was told” in regards to money, frequently the hubby insisted we purchase something to the kids, even when I might have questioned if we could “afford” it, due to the tight fisted money control husband was always on ME about. Then of course, he told me to get out one of my, my name only ccards. In short, his need to feed his ego at MY expence, by putting most purchases in MY name ONLY, he knew exactly what he was doing. It was a sick game he played with our family, that even I was slow to snap to. He was looking good at MY expense, or turning the knife into me, he knew from being divoriced before the court would award all debts to the person whose NAME was on the care and then attempted to promote me as a golddigger, to his, VICTIM. He became enraged when I realized he was doing this to set me up, to pay for things HE not only knew I didn’t have money for, but because of his attitudes about me working (not) I clearly didn’t. HE LIED in the most horried ways to me, his kids, and himself. Yes, I was FORCED to pay for everything anyone got the last 20 years, including his apartment. He divided the money in settlements, then proceeded to UNDO that generosity, by putting all the old and NEW debits on me. Sick huh? He gets to look good while doing bad. Watch out, these types NEVER run out of tricks to accomplish that goal. To me this is parent alienation with a financial twist. Sick people in the world. I have been a SAHM, and punished greatly for it, as he likes to exert power and control to feel like a big shot and look like a benevolent “provider”. Even the kids don’t know whose name he put everything as a debit in. MINE
his MomFebruary 3rd, 2014 at 9:09 AM
PAS really does happen, no matter how much it is denied. Kids get lied to, they lie, they can falsely put people in jail/ threaten such, some real odd, hurtful things. Much of this stems from a parent making their kid think it is good to lie, because that parent is hurt by a separation. But, most parents don’t go to such extremes with sharing their hurt – to the point they Severely hurt their child by saying/ acting as though someone who loves them dearly, doesn’t love them at all. At this very moment, think how you would feel if you just found out that the person you thought loved you, hated you? That is how children involved in PAS feel, because the parent who is making them believe such sad, untrue things, feels loss and disappointment by a failed relationship Themselves, due to separation/ divorce. Parents all go through pain in divorce/ separation, but to treat kids like they need to not just share the pain, but Live it as a Kid is Awful. Adults have a hard enough time finding tools to use for emotions, to try to force a kid to be able to act self-sufficiently and sort through pain they did Not ask for is so selfish and sad. A child deserves as Much love as people can provide, not as Little. When parents take the amount of potential of love from their own kids, they Hurt their own kids. Parents who are (truly) lied about don’t want to put their child through any more selfish situations than have already occurred against the child by adults (and, I am Not saying that the falsely accused parent was perfect in marriage Or divorce, either). Both parents are trying to adjust to a new situation, and may be selfish toward their kid(s) about time, money, or negative words or behaviors about the other parent. At some point it the Adults should adjust enough to CO-Operate for the Child more, not for Themselves so much. PAS is when a parent is Not adjusting in a healthy way for themselves, much less parenting a kid, at least in True PAS cases – where the accused parent Truly Never did Anywhere Near the harm as what the child is made to believe, and was actually Always a loving caring parent, not perfect, but loving and caring. For Any adult in Or out of the legal system to think PAS is “OK” for a child, is Deliberately trying to fool themselves because They are selfish for various reasons (unless, of course, they themselves have some sort of mental disorder). A child may “turn out just fine” through PAS, but why risk it, and, mostly, why not let them reach their Most Likely route to their individual Potential by allowing them to receive as Much love as possible? I am a Mom, by the way. Many people have learned to use PAS in their social, family, and court lives, not just moms, but dads’ too. Equal opportunity these days, guys, so don’t think too shallow about it. People can be Extremely selfish to their kids – All kinds of people.
SteelWorkersWifeMarch 17th, 2014 at 6:34 AM
PAS is a real living and breathing injustice to all involved. We have survived it and meek by everyday, knowing that the children have been forever lost to a narcissistic mother 3 years ago. There was no happy ending in our story. Just tragedy and unbearable pain, endless legal battles, courts, judges all comfortably uneducated and insensitive.
'Shohei'March 23rd, 2014 at 5:55 PM
It is the most hurtful thing to go through. It is like so much damage has been done since young childhood and the child/ young adult now has a very skewed perception of everything. You don’t want to put the other parent down, but feel you need to explain the truth (which you can’t do without he says/she says). The councillors are so politically correct they put all the power in the hands of the child and have been counterproductive.
The child needs love and help, but just keep kicking us loving parents in the guts, which becomes unbearable. What does one do? There is simply just not enough help out there with this one! Great to see a supportive forum.
There are some books by Richard A Warshak. Unfortunately I found them too late. Again this is a resource I would have thought councillors would be aware of!
Stay strong everyone
Camille MApril 1st, 2014 at 11:20 PM
yeah Maggie, my children are grown and tell me about how they needed me, I went to their childhood functions and watched the whole family give me the dirtiest looks and my children even apologize to me to this day and say even though it is both our faults, but the children took the money and were shipped out of town on our weekends, their dad thought it was just so funny and I logged ever time i drove an hour and a half to get my children and was ready to send his butt to jail…My children were praised for not going with me on the weekends, they were too good for me and my son told me that he thinks i was smart because I had no family but myself and he didn’t think he would turn out the same, and I agreed because I didn’t have the financial support his dad or his family had for my children.
liraApril 2nd, 2014 at 12:41 PM
Thank you for this article. Amazing how much unspoken pain there is on both sides, the child’s and the parent’s.
How Do I Help my sons?April 9th, 2014 at 11:27 AM
I wonder if there is help for these adult kids if they don’t/won’t acknowledge that they need help. My boys are adults and are text book cases of PAS. There dad brainwashed them against me from the time we seperated at age 3 and 6 and they are both now in 20s and still live with him. The older one has not spoke to me in five years and before that hardly spoke to me for four years so a total of 9 years he has turned his back on me. The younger one still visits but is deeply hurt and suffering. It breaks my heart but when I try to talk to the younger one he shuts down. They have both been taught that professionals are out to get them. They both quit school and neither hold jobs or ever have. They have no goals and seem so stuck. Is there anything I can do besides wait for them to see things clearly? It terrifies me. I suffer too from the years lost with them but all I care about is that they get help and have happy lives. I know from living with my ex that there is some sort of phychosis but he never admitted to needing help and lives in a delusional world that he is perfect and the rest of the world is crazy.
Coni WMay 21st, 2014 at 7:30 PM
Our stories are very similar with the exception my boys now live with me, however the struggle with PAS and anger is still aimed at me
Jennifer & Jimmy FApril 12th, 2014 at 1:11 AM
Our first entry on this website was exactly two years ago today. Four months later our Son, William, died. Please read our September 16, 2012 entry. We check this website regularly. We commend you for your honesty and would like to encourage you to sign your real names if possible, because one day your children may come across this article and understand what you have gone through.
Our suggestion to everyone struggling with Parental Alienation is to tell your children what the alienating parent is doing. Spell it out in no uncertain terms. Do not leave it up to chance that they will be able to see it for themselves; do not underestimate the degree of conditioning they have been subjected to. Children – even adult children in this circumstance – do not have the maturity to understand what the alienating parent is doing to them and to the target parent. Explain to your children the importance of having both parents in their lives, irrespective of the differences between the parents. Please also explain the vital role education plays in building a happy, stable and meaningful life for themselves. The alienating parent will often NOT encourage their children to become better than they themselves are – perhaps because they do not care about the child at all. Emotionally healthy parents want their children’s lives to be best they can be.
It is understandable to want to take the high-road and be the better person by not engaging in the same tactics the alienating parent uses. But please know you are NOT taking the high-road by choosing not to explain to your children the destructive and deliberate methods the alienating parent uses. The alienating parent is weak minded and self-centered. It’s not that they cannot see what their behavior is doing to their children – the fact is that they do not care sufficiently what it is doing to them! All they care about is getting even with the spouse who couldn’t take any more of their abuse and finally left the relationship. The sole focus of the alienating parent is to seek revenge. Systematically and deliberately the alienating parent will neglect the children’s basic needs and use the children as pawns in their revenge plot against the loving parent.
Please tell you children what the alienating parent is doing, and keep telling them. Even if your children seem to reject your explanation – the fact that you have told them may one day resonate with them – hopefully sooner rather than later. If you don’t tell them, who will? Do not think your children will one day magically see the alienating parent for what they are. The damage done by the alienating parent becomes ingrained and part of the children’s lives. The children defend the alienating parent and embrace their twisted version of events because along the way, the alienating parent has been able to extract good memories of the loving parent and replace them with distorted memories. Most likely you have seen a physically abused child cry out in defence of the parent who beat them. These children are in many ways similar to children who have been brainwashed by the alienating parent. It’s as if they desperately seek to win the approval of the abusive parent. The alienating parent carefully crafts an illusion that they care for the children. But what is “caring” about deliberately destroying a child’s emotional life? This is blatant child abuse at any age. Unchallenged, these twisted views will be handed down from your children to their own children.
Ten years ago, we gave all of our children copies of the book ‘Divorce Poison’ by Richard Warshak; we sent it to all of them again after our Son, William, died in 2012. We sent them this article, “Helping Adult Children With Parental Alienation Syndrome”. If you can get your children to read books or articles on the subject of Parental Alienation, please do so. If you can get them to discuss the subject of Parental Alienation with you – even if they deny this is what is happening – you can hopefully begin a process that will eventually lead them to understanding what the truth is. One of the most disturbing and heartbreaking aspects of Parental Alienation is when the alienating parent bends the mind of their child completely to make the child think they feel this way independently – the Independent Thinker Phenomenon. They have been conditioned to think this way.
Please do not think once your child reaches the age of 18 they will come back to you. There might be a heavy price for not going along with the alienating parent – they see what the alienating parent has done to you and they don’t want the same horrible treatment for themselves. Your alienated children will forever be seeking the approval of the alienating parent. If they haven’t already done so – they will most likely take over the role of abusing you along with their alienating parent. This is another way the alienating parent punishes the target parent – by proxy.
Please tell your children what the alienating parent is doing – and keep telling them. Tell them now before it’s too late.
Maureen F.April 23rd, 2014 at 11:39 AM
Thank you for your comment, it is so comforting to know someone knows & understands your pain.
I have read alot about divorce PA, PAS;) however I wondering if you have read anything on the alienating parent after 7 yrs of severe alienation turning the table ;) seeking reconciliation yet without truth ;) as if forgotten yrs of severe events is Not real, or what really happened to the targeted parent;) talk out of two sides of face to cover up the truth as it unfolds to the teen adults???
Thank you, Maureen
MarisMay 6th, 2014 at 6:32 PM
THANK YOU for sharing. I am completely devastated and struggling to come to terms with the nastiness of parental alienation I am experiencing from my teenage daughters. With mother’s day around the corner, they have already expressed they want to celebrate with their “other” mother (step mom) and that I am only their biological mother. Their father warned me he would make me “pay” for divorcing him (yes, he was abusive in every way imaginable). This is literally killing me and the pain is becoming more and more difficult to deal with. My daughter’s will never read literature about PAS. I don’t know what to do anymore.
JeanJune 3rd, 2014 at 6:58 PM
My daughter is now 27 but when she was about 16 she started spending Mother’s Days with her young stepmother. It was devastating then, particularly as my son had lived exclusively with his father and stepmother since he was 14. I did ask her if she wanted to spend Father’s Day with me as she was spending Mother’s Day with her father and stepmother. There have been moments of hope like this Mother’s Day my son sent me an email wishing me a Happy Mother’s Day.This was the first time in 20 years he had done so. But then a few days later he wrote to tell me could not invite me to his wedding I assume due to his
father’s objections. PAS is horrible. I don’t know the answer but treasuring the little victories and trying to understand the pathology of the alienating parent does help.
Abandoned and afraidMay 22nd, 2014 at 6:56 AM
I’m writing to you because my daughter was victim if pas. Ir has been 2 years now that we have maintained a relationship. My ex, did try to alienate my son, but my son, at a really young age, recognized the abuse, and left. My daughter was entrapped. She was scared.
The after effects she carries today are probably even scarier, she lives with my ex primarily, wants to live with me, but feels compelled to live with him. She is 16 yrs old now and still completely enmeshed in her relationship with him. She talks about him in the highest regard, causes a lot of friction in the home with her brother which of whom has made an attempt to see his father- but father is unreciprocated. When I ask why, father states “I can’t trust son”.
Daughter suffers ptsd rarely attends school, I have joint custody in school and health, I got her I to therapy, and I’m involved in the school. Problem is, therapy has to be on my visitation night, and she must go to school that day in order for father to let her go to therapy. This is what our legal system has cone down to, to think this was the best interest of the child and to grant him full custody. He wants power and control he doesn’t want to keep her safe and nurture her – he wants to win.
My son, struggles with not having a father in his life. His grades are suffering and now into drug use.
What once was a happy family has now been destroyed, some people look At PAS as two parents in conflict. It is very real, it is extremely abusive to everyone involved, it was fought to be put in the DSM5 and rejected. The more people coming out about this the less damaged our children will be.
This syndrome effects each race, male and female. Just hateful, narccistic, people who need help themselves after divorce. They need not involve the children, divorce is hard enough. The children love each parent . No matter how awful that parent is.
TerriJune 8th, 2014 at 8:35 AM
Dear Jennifer and Jimmy F. I am so sorry for your loss.
Thank you for sharing.
You suggest that we clearly tell our children what is happening in regards to Parental Alienation. Prior to reading your comment today I had the same inclination.
My daughter has been alienated from me for almost 9 years now. I for a short time had the ability to text with her. I texted some things wrong for sure ( I don’t want to hurt her) but some things right I guess. Tried to let her know how very loved she is. I got brave and decided to ask that she read about Parental Alienation. She got enraged and now has me blocked. I am soooo sad that she cut me off but am not feeling guilty for asking her to learn about Parental Alienation. (especially after reading your comment) They say that the truth sets us free. I don’t know what the future holds and certainly can’t control it. I just want my beloved to know how important she is to me and to have a chance to decide for herself. God please help us all.
RobinJuly 31st, 2014 at 7:54 PM
I am so very sorry for your loss. As far as telling the kids about Parental Alienation, I don’t think that’s always the answer. Although I don’t see much of my 13 yr old daughter (at least I see her from time to time; I haven’t seen my son since last September), I tried bringing it up once and she went ballistic. They don’t see it – probably for different reasons. Some might be too young to get it. Others might have to just block that from their sweet innocent minds because if they wrap their minds around it and live with the parent that’s doing that, it’s too much for them to take. Others have been brainwashed so much that there’s nothing you can say to ever make them think something like that. Whatever the reason, it really can backfire. It almost did in my situation, and I think my daughter and I took a couple of steps back. It could have been worse had I gone on about it. I haven’t brought it up since, and won’t for several years, if ever.
Neil M.April 19th, 2014 at 9:41 AM
I would like to explain PAS to my children. They are aged 13 and 16. Do you have any literature aimed at that age group? I have been able to see them 3 times in the last 3 years. Their mother ticks every box on the list of PAS traits unfortunately. I have tried every way to get through to them except for explaining PAS as I have always been keen to avoid bad mouthing their mother. I have no options left and feel there is little or no support here in the UK in relation to PAS.
Rebecca RMay 23rd, 2014 at 4:20 AM
Hi Neil, I can relate to your situation. I am the product of a mother that alienated her children from all contact with any relatives after her divorce. When I, sadly, divorced my husband, i made it my highest priority to not bad-mouth my ex. Unfortunately, he did not follow same the path. Today, I find myself alienated from both of my daughters and all grandchildren. It has taken him 20 years to accomplish this, but success is his, at last. Unable to find anything directed at the children, I decided to write a fictional short story about this topic in the hopes that my grandchildren may some day read it and start to question some of the “tactics” as well as the reasons why they may not have been allowed to know their grandmother. I wrote it geared towards young adults. The title is “Gammi Payne”. It is available in kindle or print on Amazon and should be available in UK. I set it at the lowest price allowed. I am hoping that through my pain others may benefit. In the story, the grandmother is the target, but perhaps that might make it easier to discuss the topic. I wish I had seen the signs long ago. Don’t let decades pass before you deal with this problem. Speaking from experience, it doesn’t go away and only gets worse. Good Luck.
Melissa P.April 19th, 2014 at 11:28 AM
I have been severely alienated from my children by their father and my family. My relationship was completely severed (for all practical purposes) when they were each 17. I won’t bore you with the long sordid details, but will say I was a custodial parent who raised my children alone from the time they were 1 and 3 years old. We were a close and loving family. I encouraged them to love and respect their father.
What I do want to add, that nobody seems to want to talk about other than glossing over it by discussing ‘attachment issues’, is that these adult children mired in the alienation become psycopathic narcissists who seek to use and abuse. Most especially the targeted parent. Under the guise of ‘helping’ the children these parents make the problem worse by becoming enablers.
I wish more people would talk about this. And I know I am going to get a lot of hateful comments, but ignoring the truth does not make it untrue. And this is the ugly truth of PAS.
rachelSeptember 23rd, 2014 at 9:09 AM
Amen, I understand exactly what your saying. My husband allows his grown children to cuss, abuse, and use him! And still he pays their bills and is told that is his purpose in life to make up for their mother leaving him. He did pay child support. It has even become my responsibility to make sure their happy? I don’t think so……….
Mary J.May 6th, 2014 at 5:26 PM
PAS is HEREDITARY!!!
If someone was taught to hate one of their parents, they are at a high risk of teaching their children to hate their other parent.
Especially if the same gender dynamics are involved. e.g. Father taught to hate his mother, will then teach his children to hate their mother.
Don’t marry a PAS!!! They are likely to alienate your children from you!!!
The healthy parent thinks they can prevent it from happening…
Warning – It’s really easier than you think. The PAS parent is permissive, they give the children anything they want. They criticize the parenting of the healthy parent. They berate the healthy parent personally, in front of the children.
They create a gang with the children with you as the common enemy.
Brainwashing is the psychological process involved here.
jennifer & Jimmy FMay 9th, 2014 at 5:23 AM
“You can tell a lot about a man by the way he treats the mother of his children.”
It’s truly sad that alienated children never see the destruction the alienating parent has caused and how the alienating parent is using them. In many cases, the alienating process begins years before the marriage breaks up. The process of destroying your child’s relationship with you is the foundation of many divorces. The children are taught by the alienating parent that the target parent is “no good” and they are not to be treated with any kind of respect. They are only to be used and abused.
These learned behaviors can indeed be passed down from your children to their own children. Another sad truth is – your alienated children’s children – your grandchildren – are being taught to dislike you. Many of these children have never even been allowed to meet their grandparents!
Our hearts go out to all Mothers on this Mother’s Day whose children have been alienated against them.
roseMay 13th, 2014 at 7:36 PM
Ive been thru the wringer with PAS. MY ex husband had NPD, severely allienated my oldest three girls (I have 6 kids). Believe it or not he actually got them to sign sworn affidavits that I did everything from molestating them to being a drunk. I lucked out with a great judge who sent us all for forensic eval with a wonderful psych- thats the guy who dxd my ex with NPD. From that I got sole custody of my two remaining kids. However the Judge warned us that after the younger kids reach majority and are out of the Courts jurisdiction; they run the risk of ex allienating them.
Well its over 10 years later; I remarried two years ago (to a great husband) and my ex has now allienated the younger ones just as the Judge predicted. My youngest 22 YO son just trashed me because I bought him a cvic when he said he wanted an accura TL while his father gives him zero towards support.
Goes to show you that even with a great Court/Judge/Psych an allienator is bad bad news. I doubt these kids will ever speak to me again. Its awful and despite my now loving marriage I still cry myself to sleep at night.
BorisJune 3rd, 2014 at 11:40 AM
I am not a victim, although my fiancée was a classic victim of PAS by her husband. Neither legal nor therapeutic efforts were productive although they ran to six figures.
I find little hope, and even less solid therapeutic guidance. Most guidance (Amy Baker) is easily overcome by emotionally dominant alienating parents and limp legal systems and therapists.
The eleven catalysts are impractical, short of removing the child from the alienating parent’s context, and the legal system usually awards the alienating parent more rights either primary custody or “we can’t make the child do what she doesn’t want to do”
This is a crime which no one seems ready to prosecute.
Jennifer & Jimmy FJune 10th, 2014 at 4:23 AM
Thank you for your condolences. After William died we said, “If Losing William isn’t enough to shake the family into reality, then nothing will.” After almost two years, nothing has changed except the family dynamics have actually gotten worse. Some of the children – who are well over the age of thirty – have attacked us AND William’s memorial pages. It’s been horrific. We are always on edge. William’s Birthday is less than a month away and we are bracing ourselves for more abuse.
Since William’s death we have significantly changed from missing our children to hoping not to hear from them again if all they can do is abuse us and William’s memory. It’s hard to miss people who show no compassion. Sadly, their father is of no help. We have contacted him in recent months to ask that he please speak to the children to encourage them to stop their horrible behavior; only to receive more abuse from him. He flatly refuses to get involved – even to protect William’s memory. He seems happy with the way the children are attacking us. A rational human being would be horrified. To witness the children and their father turning on William soon after his death – to say nothing about the relentless attacks on us – has been horrendous. The pain is indescribable.
We agree with you about telling children what the alienating parent is doing to them and to your relationship with them. If they refuse to acknowledge it now – hopefully they may piece it together themselves in the future. The fact that your Daughter became enraged at you when you asked her to read about Parental Alienation is a sign that you’ve struck a nerve. Hopefully she will reflect on what you’ve said. If she doesn’t, you will at least have Peace of mind knowing that you called it by name and that you are under no illusion about what and who is keeping you apart.
Parental Alienation is Child Abuse and anyone who witnesses this in the family and deliberately does nothing to intervene, are equally guilty of the abuse. Everybody in the family knew what our children’s father was doing because we made everyone aware – yet no one got involved. No one in the family bothered to even reach out to us after William’s death. We have been fighting this fight alone. We feel part of what is going on right now in the family is displaced anger. The children know what their father has done, but are emotionally paralyzed to do anything about it because they have gone along with him for so long. They know the consequences of going against their father.
Although we are alone in this – together we are very strong and we are at Peace knowing we did everything we could do to get through to them. After years and years of rejection and abuse, there is a point when you must move forward for your own sanity. That point for us was when William died. We feel we are now walking down the path of Peace with William – on what we call William’s Path. We are channelling our sorrow in positive ways to honor William’s memory.
We will never give up hope that our children will one day see the light – for not only themselves but for our grandchildren, too. Parental Alienation could very well happen to them with their own children. Unfortunately, history has a way of repeating itself.
Thank you, again, Terri. We wish you Peace and your Daughter, Peace and understanding.
Jennifer and Jimmy F
Bob and SandraJune 17th, 2014 at 2:22 PM
To Jennifer and Jimmy,
First, having read all of the preceding posts,we want to thank you for your candor and willingness to share your pain and experience for the benefit of others who have been been touched by PAS. There are so many parents and children of divorced families out there searching for answers and hopefully your story and the others that have been shared here can some light the issue of PAS. The variety of responses on this site are a testament to the array of circumstances and consequences PAS. It impacts not only targeted parents, the children (even after they are adults themselves), as well as extended families.
To those who replied back to Maggie…who ever she is, she gave no details of her own story… and so it is interesting to read your responses as you project your own thoughts onto her blank canvas. Allow us to do the same.
That “Maggie” could be our “Maggie”. She is in her late twenties now and still struggles with the impact of PAS that began when her parents divorced when she was ten. After 8 years of total estrangement from her father, our Maggie struggles with the same questions, word for word, as those posted above see #20. The PAS intensified until her mother was successful at gaining full custody of Maggie when she was 14, (along with one of her older sisters). At the same time the AP managed to secure a restraining order against the father based on her “fears” of what she thought he might do in response. While the restraining order was of a general nature, (restraining the TA from “harrasing” or “annoying”)it gave the AP a device to use to keep the father from access to his daughters. The father had remarried and was now not only providing child support for “Maggie” and her other sibling but was also now providing for two children of his second marriage. Financially, it was impossible to mount an appeal and he was advised by his lawyer and counsellor that at that point all it would take to have him arrested was another accusation by the AP. He decided not to risk the stability of all his dependents by attempting any further contact. So he faithfully made his child support payments and bided his time until the restraining order was finally dropped. By then both Maggie and her sister had completed not only a first university degree each but also each had completed college diploma programs that helped them to finally establish themselves in the workplace. It was at this point that he decided to risk contacting his estranged daughters.
That was four years ago and the rebuilding of Maggie’s relationship with her father has been slow and for the most part superficial. Maggie believed she had been “dis-owned” by her father for deciding to live with her mother. She bears the psychological scars of what appeared to her to be early paternal abandonment. She continues to live with her mother in a deeply enmeshed relationship that makes it difficult for her to see herself as a victim of PAS.
We are concerned because we are told “Maggie” seems to have given up on finding a significant other with whom to share her life and bemoans ever having a chance to have children of her own someday. We are told that she engages in binge drinking and we have witnessed her chain smoking, anxiety and irritability when around her family members. From time to time, she opens up to her Dad and shares the pain of her lost childhood, but only when they can have privacy, which is almost never. She is grateful for the extra years of support payments and together with four years of low key but loving contact she is open to reappraising and rebuilding her relationship with her father.
Her older sister, who boasts a “parental protectiveness” over Maggie, reportedly suffers from panic attacks for which she must take medication. She has tearfully refused to discuss her past estrangement from her father but has maintained regular contact with her father (about every 4-6 weeks)since the restraining order was dropped.
We visited this site, looking for insights about how to help “Maggie” and her sister while hopefully continuing to improve the quality of their relationship with their father.
May God be with you all as you seek to find your answers.
Susan C.June 28th, 2014 at 4:44 AM
I have just spent an hour putting a long, deep and meaningful post here, saying ‘thank you’ to all. The code thingy didnt work and I lost it all and am now exhausted!
Suffice to say I am so very grateful for coming across this page and to read that I’m not alone and I’m not the horrible things that I’m being told I am. So very grateful for the stregnth you all have given me today.
Four older children late 20’s and now lost all but one and two very young grandchildren some 19 YEARS after divorce. He’s very clever, he’s evil.
julie COctober 7th, 2014 at 4:08 PM
im in same position as you having been a stay at home loving mother all their lives…you were married to a narcissist.. at least your free of him.. try to find your own happiness.. as i am…its all we can do to stay healthy for ourselves.. do not let him destroy you.. be patient as im having to for over a year.. it may take years for them to understand… perhaps never… but this is YOUR life.. treasure it and find happiness all you can x
Susan C.June 28th, 2014 at 5:37 AM
I retract my last sentence, ‘HE’ is not clever or evil, but the process certainly is.
DeniseJuly 7th, 2014 at 12:56 AM
I am a50 year old single female who was alienated from her father. I have two brothers too. My parents started divorce proceedings when my mother was pregnant with me. We didn’t have visitation with my father as his visitation rights were taken away for a ridiculous reason. My patents suited each other. I only ever heard horrible things about my father. Never heard anything good about him from family members. I finally decided to contact my father when I was 38, years after my mother and other family members had passed. They would have been mortified! I got to know my father a little bit as he sadly died four years later. He was not the monster family members made him out to be. He was an intelligent, loving, generous man with a good sense of humor. I’m so thankful to have known him even though it was only for a short time. My mother was a very good person who held onto her hatred and bitterness from the divorce. Keeping us from our father was wrong! He was not a murder, pedophile nor abuser of any kind. She was afraid we would want to go and live with him if we knew him. She did admit this to me once. My father made his mistakes in the marriage for sure, but that was not a good enough reason to be kept from knowing him. I can’t say enough of how it all has negatively affected me psychologically as a child, grown woman and in my relationships with men. My mother never had a good thing to say about men in general, boys I dated or marriage. In fact, her negative comments and overprotective nature when it came to me dating caused me to fear men in general. All I could do is imagine them cheating on me and eventually leaving me! I still struggle with this as an adult. It’s so aweful! I believe it is a crime to alienate children from a parent if the parent has in no way ever harmed the children. Believe me, I could go on and on about how PA has negatively affected me and my brothers. Please, if you are a parent or know someone who is aioli enacted their children from a parent, please stop it from continuing. It is not only unfair and cruel to the children, but also to the TP. The effects are for a lifetime.
Yolande50March 29th, 2015 at 5:00 PM
We share a similar life story. Unfortunately I was not able to meet my father as he passed away when I was in my early 20s. But I finally took all my courage and search for my family when I was 43-44. I found a cousin that is just 3 months yonger than me. She talked alot about my father as he was her godfather and was very involved in her life. I was happy to learn that he was not the monster my mother portraied him to be. The only thing though is that everytime she tells me about how good and involved he was , it feels like I am stabed right into the heart. He was my father and my mother took it away from me.
I am now 50 and am totally awaken and delivered from the PA syndrome but I am picking up the pieces of the damage that was done to my innerself. i am working hard to keep understanding and evolving for the better. i owe it to my 3 kids and my husband.
SeanJuly 7th, 2014 at 7:46 PM
Maggie (comment #20)- I was never married to my daughters mother and didn’t want to be because I knew it wouldn’t work. However, I did want to be in my daughter’s life. She has continued to alienate me from my daughter and 2 months shy of my daughters 18th birthday, she has decided she didn’t want to see me anymore. I wanted to be a father, the mother decided for me that I couldn’t be. That is not desertion, that is irrational and irresponsible on the part of the AP
ColleenJuly 9th, 2014 at 1:32 AM
I could write a whole book on what my husband and I have been through with my 3 stepsons. In the end all 3 boys have been successfully alienated from my husband and now their step brothers. Just last night the youngest, now 14 years old, called in tears not wanting to come out for what used to be a summer visitation to what was going to be a 10 day visitation. My husband and I did not understand that this was a real syndrome until recently. With the older two we tried it all and in the end they hate him and us. We went to our lawyers initially with no help. Unfortunately this has played out now. The oldest hates his father and has lived a life of bad decisions and no regrets or insight despite rehab and jail time. He still wants his mistakes to be his father’s fault. The middle son just returned home from Hawaii with severe mental illness. We try still to help him, but the damage is done. Now we see it playing out in the youngest. I do not know how to guide my husband anymore. We tried to be the positive parents, we tried forcing them here, but that just increased the anger. We tried conceding and letting them stay home when they were going to come here. Nothing has worked. How do we manage this for our future and can we help these adult children who hate us? I do not find much on what we do for ourselves as the targeted parents after the damage. Do we keep reaching out to the adult children? Weary and sad and depressed. I lay in bed tonight feeling so badly for my husband and his sons and feeling like we lost this battle over and over and not knowing how to help any of them. The alienating parent is still doing her thing and won’t stop and we love these boys but need peace as well. Any advice out there- where do we go, how do we start? Is it too late? Personally I want to help with awareness on this issue. I want to help any other parent avoid this same problem. I worry for all boys and my husband. He feels like the worst father in the world. No matter what he has done for these boys they can’t see anything he has done well for them. He is depressed now and feeling worthless. I want to fight for him. Any advice, help guidance would be appreciated.
Laura SJuly 15th, 2014 at 6:12 AM
It’s sad to me that in recent days and months my ex husband (divorced 12 years ago after 18 years of marriage and 2 children) has made the following statements to our adult children:
I totally understand why you don’t like your mother and don’t want to be around her, she’s impossible and I know this first hand.
I gave her child support and she should have bought you a car with it…she should have bought you a car.
Your mother did ____ and ____ while we were married and I’ll never forgive her for that.
Etc…In addition, he’s sent me and my current husband of 10 years numerous e-mails in the last few days regarding my daughter’s recent emotional meltdown…blaming us for her state of mind. He is also blaming us for her inability to follow the boundaries in our home which are very reasonable for a college student: be in by 2 AM, be respectful and part of the family when at home, and keep in contact when out with friends so we know she is safe.
Sadly, it’s my children who are the victims in all of this. I fear that even though they are college students their self esteem will be affected by their father’s conscious and unconscious need to alienate me from them. ): I also worry about their ability to be in and survive in their own intimate relationships now and in the future because of how all this parental alienation affects their self esteem. This is a REAL Syndrome and it’s very damaging. ):
ChristineJuly 27th, 2014 at 1:27 AM
Omg, Laura. It was like I was reading my story. I feel so alone. People just don’t understand.
Stephanie BJuly 28th, 2014 at 4:32 AM
I’m in the same boat with My 15 year old son…My ex husband is a firefighter and a sociopath…. scary to think how he treats the public at work…
His fellow Co works see his game…
Some day My son will see the lies..
Miss you son … love mom
StaciSeptember 30th, 2014 at 9:04 PM
Laura, I can relate. My husband and i have just recently divorced. He threw me out of the house last year and bought me a one-way ticket back to Texas from Singapore where he now lives with our son.
My son has begged to come live with me. Hecsays things like how he hates dad. I tell him thstvw3 font talk like that. He doesnt really hste him, hes just feeling angry with him because he doesnt like rules. I encourage him to talk to and appreciate his father because doeaking against him, and sllowing the kuds to speak against him woukd just be wrong. I dont think he speaks against me, but he foesnt encourage any of them yo maintain contact or reach outvyo me in any way.
This divirce is all about him and his feelings, not making sure the kids have a healthy relationship with both of us.
He took all of our kids last year to Oregon for Christmas then California, Disneyland of all places, can you believe it? I had begged him to fly the kids here to see me, but he didn’t answer any of my emails or messages for three months. Three months without talking to my son who is now 12. Hevyold me finslly, none of the kids wanted to come to Texas.
The reason we split up comes from years of resentment on my part. We lived overseas, had four children, and i was always alone. I did everything with these kids. He always said i was the best mother to them.
…. until he filed the divorce papers.
It was my decision to leave and i did things that hurt him. I know that. He told me that i would be sorry one day. That I’m no good and a snake. That my kids would know what an awful person i am. He doesn’t do anything to encourage them to talk with me. He has the luxury of a good job so he flys them to where he is whenever he wants.
It’s so frustrating, because on the surface, noone can see see his cruelty. If I speak out, I’m the crazy ex wife. If I keep quiet, I don’t care. It’s like I can’t win. But i need to get my son back. I cry every day and i want to call him, yell at him, reason with him.
And all i can think about is how Kaelan is going to turn out. This is going to mess him up, but my ex thinks he’s in the right. It’s driving me nuts.
I feel like even this note isn’t articulated properly because I’m so full of emotion.
In the one hand, is nice to know people understand. On the v other hand, it’s frustrating because there’s nothing we can do.
I want to send this link to him, but he will find a way to use it against me or accuse me of something, or b even worse, cut me off from my son again.
I’m so sad
JamesJuly 24th, 2014 at 7:43 AM
I was divorced 20 years ago and have always been involved with my children,as adults I have continued to support them.Sadly,I have always felt a sense of mistrust towards me from them all which has increased since they have become adults,no matter how much financial help they take from me or emotional support I give them.I’ve never understood until now,why it seems that they neither love nor respect me,if i died tomorrow it really wouldn’t matter to them a great deal.When they were children they would ring me at work,crying because their mother was drinking(she did that a lot)with her partner and plotting to beat me up,I tried to engage with my ex but she told me her new partner hated me and would not, even for the sake of the children.My ex wife and her partner have never worked,they have cheated the state,lied to claim accident compensation,and talked about me to the children,and almost killed my children in a house fire started because their mother was drunk,they blamed the youngest child of turning the cooker on whilst they slept.I begged the school to intervene when my son was sent to school covered in dried faeces,his elder sister had dressed him because their mother slept,his elder sister was 9.The headmistress refused.Yet,today it is me who is dismissed as unnessary,surplus to requirements and their mother is as loved and coveted today as she was when they were children.The youngest child doesn’t speak at all,Fathers day came and went without so much as text though I may get something as xmas approaches,my eldest is aggressive and confrontational with me and certainly disingenuous.My middle child who is a mother her self now talks to me if she has nothing else to do and when no one else is around,in front of her sister she is dismissive of me.It seems in our Society that a mothers love and ability to nurture is on a pedestal and should not be questioned,unlike a Fathers which comes in as a very poor alternative.
rachelSeptember 23rd, 2014 at 8:57 AM
James, I’m the stepmother who married into this same situation. His kids are 27 and 24 both pregnant and only call him when they want money. They cuss him tell him how much their two mothers have done for them. They live with abusive partners and seem to want to blame me when he tells them no about money.he has always paid child support. His 24 year old is still on his insurance and is mad because they won’t cover her pregnancy. I have 2 small children ages 13 and 12 to whom my husband has become very verbally abusive with since his two daughters have started cussing me. They blame my children because he can’t send as much money. He also, pays for his 27 year old daughters and her husband’s phone…it’s in the process of breaking our marriage he told my 13 year old that she was the reason he wasn’t seeing his kids. I feel for you and hope you can overcome whatever the problem is. My ex-husband has no contact with my children because he chooses that not me… Prayers sent everyone’s way!!!
ChristineJuly 27th, 2014 at 1:59 AM
To Jennifer and Jimmy,
I have been divorced for over 14 years to a madman. He has mental damaged our son and has harassed me for 14 years+. My son has lived with me up until this summer. He is 16 and moving with his father, his choice of course. It is very hard to understand how he has brain washed my son, b/c my son has lived with me and I have done everything for him. Does my son not have the ability to recognize from right and wrong? My son hates everyone on my side, family and friends. Including, my two youngest children from the man I have been married to for 11 years.
I knew before reading everyone’s blog that once my son moves away, I probably will not see him for a long time. I find it difficult typing without crying. My son has been very abusive to me. He has difficulty talking about his feelings and is uneasy in social settings. I have tried for 5 years to get my son therapy. But my ex has convinced him that I took him to drs b/c I thought he was crazy.
I know I have two other beautiful children, that will see me for the mother, person I am. However, even though my child is not dead, I can’t help to feeling that he is gone.
RobinJuly 30th, 2014 at 6:11 PM
I’ve been dealing with parental alienation for over 2 years. Not only did I lose my kids, I lost my family. My mom couldn’t live without my kids in her life, so she’s actually taken sides with my ex so that she can still see the kids. This has caused me rifts with my sister, so we haven’t spoken in almost a year. Other than a few close friends who simply don’t understand this nightmare, I have no one. I do have a boyfriend, and he’s been great, but how much can you lean on one person, especially when that person doesn’t have kids. I’ve honestly contemplated suicide, but would never want to do that to my kids. That’s not something I want to leave them with. But I honestly just don’t know what to do. On top of all of this, I was a stay at home mom for 15 years, and am really struggling financially. I began my own childcare business, but the self-employment taxes are killing me. I’m thinking about going back to school to be a labor and delivery nurse at age 47. Some days this gets me excited, and other days so depressed. My mom retired at 50, and that’s about the time I will probably begin working. I sit up every night wondering if I can make it financially, and if I’ll ever have a relationship with my kids again. Not the way I pictured my life. Hope things get better with time.
Jason BJuly 31st, 2014 at 6:39 AM
When I am being alienated by my ex-wife it is painful but I have to keep trying. I am a father of 3 daughters. Only my middle daughter fell under her mom’s spell. The emotional brain washing of my middle daughter started at about 5 years old. She was a more sensitive girl who reacted first to her mom’s manipulation. Mom’s goal was to make the kids terrified to be away from her. Repeatedly their mom would act like there is a real danger only mom could keep them safe. Riding an elevator or being away from their mom for 1 hr. Two of my daughters grew up to be strong independent and successful people. When my daughters are with me their mother calls numerous times using a very emotional voice. “I miss you. I love when you call. I sleep with the phone waiting for your call.” Unfortunately I have limited time and resources to combat this type of emotional. The legal system and societies understanding is useless. At this time I am waiting and hoping to my middle daughter changes her mind to start our 2 week vacation. All I can do is wait and insist that I won’t leave without her. Wish I could tell the world but society doesn’t want to here it. Just need to show my daughters that I won’t give up on them.
KathyAugust 1st, 2014 at 8:07 AM
Memories are not forgotten by what the “bad spouse” did, nor is manipulation by the bad one stopped by the signing of divorce papers. Therapists cannot just tell a person to forget and forgive and put things behind them, when the brain will always remember the bad that occurred in marriage and/or divorce situations. In other words, divorce causes future problems in relationships. The kids are suffered by who causes the divorce in the first place. In some cases it is caused by both, in others by the bad one. I was always taught not to have anything to do with the bad people in your life, so alienation in some cases is not a bad thing. Small children are different from the adult children – so there really isn’t one way to solve these types of circumstances. I don’t think therapists know what they are telling people – particularly when they have never experienced the emotions that some people go through themselves and there hasn’t been enough research on the thousands of divorce circumstances. They try to fit one type of cure for all and it just doesn’t work.
JoeAugust 4th, 2014 at 9:02 AM
I wish I had the time to read through each and every one of these posts. However, after reading the main article and several posts, I agree 100% that PAS and the negative effects of divorce on children (many mentioned in these posts) is a very real problem. I lived it. Excerpt from my own life: Senior year of high school went as follows – father moved out of the house in September – divorce finalized on January 2nd of new year – father introduces fiancee to my sisters and me in February – My mother, sisters, and I are evicted from our house on April 1st – father remarries May 14th – graduation comes and goes without me. For years prior to, during and following, I (oldest child) experienced PAS and all of its horribleness. I am still dealing with it at almost 50 years old. For over 30 years I have prayed to God to allow me to go back in time to try to fix what went wrong between my parents and my family. Bottom line is, the psychological scars run deep and the damaging effects are real. I have them and so do both of my sisters. I grew up in a family where my parents hated/resented one another, my mother took her frustrations for my father out on me, and my father became “born again” and dismissed all the wrongs of his past as though they never happened. Thanks for letting me share.
Julian MAugust 8th, 2014 at 3:59 AM
A women (Becky)…lost custody of five of her five children,..the children were born to four different families (paternal)…, the state allowed the women many vouchers for hotel rooms amd she used those rooms for prostitution and many days the children were in the same room watching as the woman smoked crack cocaine amd performed sex acts with many different men, the children had many memories the two youngest cant remember much, one of the eldest also got involved at the age of 12 (aprox. Age), the eldest male commited suicide as an adult, theday he ccommitted suicide he went through every detail to his mother and told her he wanted her to know how many ways she hurt him, he then took his life, the woman who was at fault was the mother, the child now an adult could not keep from being torn in his mind, as he got older and tried to help his mother, she had no teeth due to methamphetamine, and considers her past as beimg a good mom, she goes on facebook amd gets sympathy from others and even uses his death to collect money…she brags about her nails or new car or how she buys amd sells drugs, she threatens one of her children (now an adult) , daily she manipulates the Facebook community about others, and because she is female she claims what ever she has to get other’s against one of her adult children, if the child goes to school and drug free , she speaks against her a and speaks how she will beat her up or have others hurt her.., it was so obvious to.many state social workers amd the judge of the family court case against her…the kids were put in st. Judes ranch for.children and other foster homes, the abuser would like to manipulate others and misguided them about the case..the child the grew to.be an adult was in the national gaurd and went back to the abusernamd neglectful mom and became a drug addict with his mother buying and doing drugs with him..its sad to see how many children known the truth, but growntonbe adults and get lost because society thinks women that abuse children are to be helped and allowed to continue the abuse…I thought about posting the police reports to show. What the mother has done to cause the suicide…and her attempts to have her. Other child also commit suicide, I think ofhow I can show those that read her fFacebook page why she was.put in prison and why some others really were provoked byher for many , many years…I thought of putting a Facebook page so the public cam see how many families have been hurt do to her prostition amd drug abuse
..and how.many ways she hurt her kids.from childhood to adult life…one child she burned with her curling iron when the child was aprox 6 months old!, she would have sex with brothers or fathers of her child dad, and or cousins when the child’s dad would be asleep, she would put medications in people’s food and the child that did take his life she was crushing his medication putting it in his food and also making him take usual dose..then she would have him take street drugs..she put him in mental hospitals and when he would remember he would call someone that knew the history to help…she has done many , mamy more things…and even still calls one of her child “demon”, because the child is speaking up to her or ignoring her…, does.amy here have advice?…or can any give m me info. To get answers of how to stop this woman?
ElaineAugust 26th, 2014 at 12:17 AM
Dear Jennifer & Jimmy,
Please accept my condolences for your loss and what you continue to endure. You are strong and compassionate to continue to share with others.
I came across this site looking for answers. How to proceed. It’s a long story, as is it is for most. Basically my ex has reiterated over the years he will destroy me and I will pay for going against him. I have endured, paid and although have come to trust more, still a part of me lives in fear. We’ve been divorced for 8 years now. My son is 20 and I remain alienated from him as well as my mother with whom he was so close and anyone related/connected with me.
Last year I was diagnosed with an incurable aggressive invasive metastatic breast cancer. I just had surgery for a new issue last week. A friend of my ex spoke to ex relaying my condition and asked for contact info for my son so I may speak with him and hopefully be given the opportunity to help him begin the healing process while I am still functional. My ex denied and referred me to an attorney mediator who he claimed had kept in contact with our son. So I did and this attorney asked to speak with my oncologist to hear first hand all the details including my prognosis (which I gave her verbally and offered to provide my diagnosis and pathology report). She claimed she spoke with my son and he has not opened my letter(s). I gave this attorney full authorization to speak with my oncologist so she was given answers to her many detailed questions as well as my prognosis which my own doctors don’t openly share with me and instead encourage me focus on statistics because miracles have occurred. My oncologist offered to speak to my 20 year old son directly but the attorney said that was not necessary. Isn’t that unethical? Is she in contact with my son or my ex? Whose interest is she looking after? I’m in Hawaii. My son is in college in Ohio. I’m not well enough to travel. I’ve had many complications from treatment that have rendered me unable to work. I’ve been fighting to live for the day of reconciliation or at least to speak with my son. My fear is my son will not be given the opportunity and he will live with regret should I pass. Regret is very difficult to heal from. I love my son, our only child, dearly and desire him to have a healthy emotional life so I continue to fight cancer and however it has attempted to destroy my body.
Jennifer & Jimmy F,August 28th, 2014 at 11:38 AM
Thank you for your condolences. We have just passed the second anniversary of William’s death.
The last year has been one of growth and change for us. It has sadly been a year of coming to terms with reality and learning to set aside impossible dreams of a genuine reconciliation with our surviving children.
We are sorry you have been alienated from your Son. We are equally sorry you are suffering serious health issues. Your illness could very well be traced to the stress you have been under in relation to your ex-husband’s role in alienating you from your Son. Adding to that is your own Mother, who has not been supportive of you. It is a feather in an alienating parents cap if they can turn a close family member against the target parent. Hopefully your Mother will see this for what it is, but you cannot waste precious time hoping for that to happen.
You contacted the attorney who then contacted your Son, which did no good. Your Oncologist became involved and divulged private information to this attorney regarding your care to your ex-husband’s attorney? Information your Oncologist has not shared with you? This does not sound ethical. If your Oncologist will not share your prognosis with you, please change Oncologists. Information is power and it sounds as if your ex-husband’s attorney has more information than you do regarding your health. YOU need to have all of the facts with regards to your illness – including what health options are available to you. Insist on this. This is your life and you only get one.
Perhaps you can contact the college your Son attends and speak to his college counsellor regarding your health and the ongoing Parental Alienation – which has now turned into estrangement. You are simply trying to make your Son aware of your health issues, that you love him and care for him. For your peace of mind, you need confirmation that your Son has been given this information. From this point on, it is out of your hands. What your Son chooses to do – or not to do – is up to him. Ideally, you will hear from your Son and your relationship will improve – but please know that this may not happen.
All you can do is hope that one day soon – your Son realizes what has happened to him and to you. Sadly, if alienated children come to this understanding, it is usually much later in their life and after the alienating parent has died and can no longer be a threat to them. It’s a control thing with alienating parents. Most alienating parents, if not all, are personality disordered.
We wish you all the very best, Elaine. After you are sure your Son has been given the information you want him to receive, please rest knowing you have done all that you can do. Please be kind to yourself.
Jennifer and Jimmy
ReneeSeptember 2nd, 2014 at 8:28 AM
I have been Separated and now divorced from my narcissistic ex husband for just over 20 years and I have certainly felt and seen the wrath of his anger at me and through my 2 beautiful children. At first I would try and fix all the situations my children and I were having to tolerate, I hoped and preyed that my love and consistent care would see us through…..I was wrong. I lost my battle, I was never going to win, no love or kindness or tolerance of this angry, narcissistic man ever worked!!
My little family unit has been battered beyond human comprehension and is now broken. My daughter has been affected the worst she was a Daddy’s girl and quiet rightly so, but she has been systematically used and emotionally abused, actually both my children were but my daughter has came off the worst. They are now 26 and 22, of course my daughter lives with her Dad and I hardly see her, she shows little respect for me and I have been bullied and abused for many years.
My heart goes out to my children, to my now husband of 11 years, to the loss of a family unit I fought for so hard but Love didn’t win over evil. My daughter has struggled with jobs, friends, family members, she too is very angry and my children do not speak to each other. No a Mother’s Day cards, no birthday cards, no visits, no calls.
Yes, I now know through reading the posts etc that for a long time I fed his anger, rage etc as I got on with my life, I would give the children to him….smile at the door and wait for the onslaught. Telephone calls, swearing at me, my children crying over the phone etc. Calling me names in front of the children, telling lies about me. My smile was false, my fight to work through it was hard, my love was strong……my intentions were loyal.
It didn’t work out for my family unit. My heart is broken. Xxxx
KathleenSeptember 10th, 2014 at 8:22 PM
I feel your pain Renee, I know only to well what it feels like to be at the brunt end of pure evil. My 19 year old daughter has lived with her father since she was 13 years old. I was no match for him, and had I not moved out of state, I would have continued to find myself in jail wondering why I here? Happened twice! My ex: intelligent, narcissistic, evil, sinister and I am always looking over my shoulder. I have seen my daughter less than 2!weeks in the last 3 years. I pray every day that the scales will fall off from her eyes. I am very patient. I am very very sad! I will pray for you too!
Robert R.September 20th, 2014 at 8:28 PM
Reading your post just brings such tears to my eyes. It reminded of what of I am going through. It seems like there is no hope, but we have a life to live, to try to make the best of. It is the best we can we do, and of course to keep trying to change things for the better.
don’t give up, and be strong. it is sad and horrific what has happened, but we can only be our best. good night.
AnnaSeptember 5th, 2014 at 10:31 PM
As a mother myself, I could never imagine why someone would want to turn a child against a parent. My partners oldest daughter has been alienated against him and it is one of the most horrific crimes I have ever come across. The mother is nothing more than a bitter resentful women, who does not care about her children’s well being, all she cares about is trying her best to make everyone else life around her as sad and as miserable as her. She is a narcissistic sociopath who can only keep a man by getting pregnant and lying to all to around her. I pity her. I do however wish I could intervene, but if I do it will only make matters worse and we may also loose the other child.
Robert J B.September 16th, 2014 at 8:25 AM
After divorce, many say that it is all about the children, but while that is a helpful point of view for couples struggling to make sense of the chaos after divorce, it is not ALL about the children.
When two parents are validly married in Gods eyes, a legal divorce does absolutely nothing to lessen the indissolubility of the union that God created by the will of those two parents on their wedding day. (Matthew 19:6, Mark 10:9). Life-giving love between spouses remains the source of nourishment for the education and normal healthy maturation of their children for years after they are conceived, and is absolutely essential for the best possible outcomes for the children of divorce.
By the very words of the wedding vows, the only thing that dissolves the union of a valid marriage is the death of a spouse. Therefore, it remains, with or without divorce, that it IS very much about loving one’s spouse, at least in the Christian sense, whether together or not.
It is extremely important that love and respect between parents be nurtured, exercised, practiced and taught – both by word and deed, not only for the sake of the salvation of the spouses, but also for spiritual and temporal welfare of the children. No matter how depraved or how absent one parent might be, the other always has the responsibility to model for their children how to respect, how to love, how to live and how to forgive.
Wake up, divorced parents!!! Our children are NOT the children of a divorce!!! The truth is that our children are the offspring of marital LOVE, empowered by God to give life. If that marriage is abandoned, it is still possible to love! But, if that love is completely abandoned, then our children are also abandoned! We WILL be held accountable for the love we owe to our spouse, whether we are together or not, whether we believe it or not! We also will be held responsible for what we have done to help or to hurt our children! I, for one, refuse to take either one of these responsibilities lightly!!!
JohnHFOctober 19th, 2014 at 1:19 AM
I really don’t understand what you are trying to say in your post here, but I feel your remarks are condemning (“Wake up, divorced parents! And such), but maybe I’m wrong. As a Christian myself, I am opposed to “Christians” using Biblical teachings in a legalistic fashion to condemn others – especially those that may be non-Christians. This site seems to be for alienated parents (most often the parent that was divorced by the Alienating Parent) to help each other overcome very real and damaging efforts to make and keep us estranged from our children!
To quote the Biblical standards of marriage to others who are going through a “fiery trial” is to kick someone when they are down, like Job’s friends. The Lord did not give us commands and rules to live by so that we can condemn others with them, but that we ourselves can live righteously and to show the love of God to others.
MarionNovember 21st, 2014 at 1:19 PM
CharlotteSeptember 18th, 2014 at 6:00 PM
I am so glad to know we as T.P are not alone. How do you undue what the alienating parent did? My ex husband not only aientated our 31 year old daughter from me since age 6, he also confided he was gay! She lashes out at me and if there is a family event on his side, she has ignored me. I have received the silent treatment off and on for years. Then she brags she’s closer to him. I am the only who has always been there for her. He’s hurt her emotionally and has used her. He’s also a narcissist. I was suicidal a few years ago. I got help but I know you are not suppose to alienate back but for me, keeping my distance was closure. These adult children of PAS can be as cruel as our ex spouses. I’m divorced 25 years and neither one of my children treat me with respect. I’ve given up to save myself as I won’t let her or my son destroy me.
Kevin sSeptember 19th, 2014 at 4:14 AM
Reading these posts provides some hope and comfort. P.A.S. Is so frustrating and devastating. I think and think and think about how I can solve this problem but there is no solution. I have been alienated from my daughter, now 19, for three years now. Her mother I am satisfied is a borderline but she would never admit that. I have never been provided a reason for the estrangement, I was just cut off like a rotting limb. I have to look myself in the mirror and convince myself that I am not what my daughter thinks. I took the high road during the separation but I am sure many of you know that are reading, the high road can be a very lonely place and although it can provide some personal satisfaction, it rarely results in tangible benefits when dealing with a linear court system.
I look back and have to struggle to remember the distress I went through trying to cope with an emotionally unstable wife and manage two children. I literally saved my spouse’s life at times I believe but now I hear that what is being spread is that I caused her illness and that I told everyone that she was mentally ill to make myself look better. this is the poison that my daughter has been given and thinks.
My son recognized this and moved out but he is still careful around me. This weak little waif has proven to be strong as a linebacker and has become mother of the year since the date of separation. I often text my daughter but I get no nice talk despite supporting everyone financially. No respect, no gratitude, nothing. I have been forced to compartmentalism my sadness and move forward with business. If my family unit was still together and this disrespect was present then I would take action against the disrespectful teen but in the family court process judges just order money to the child in her best interest. This is no different than buying candy at the register of the grocery store for the child who misbehaved during the entire shopping trip. What kind of message does this send to a developing teen. They could not behave this way to an employer and still expect to be paid every two weeks. Sometimes I think it is all about money but that is the only contribution I am allowed (forced) to make.
I will continue on along the high road trying to convince myself that good things come to good people and that karma will bite my ex in the ass at some point. I don’t say these things but I can think whatever I want. Cheers
alishaOctober 2nd, 2014 at 5:07 AM
Re: Kevin s
I understand you are upset but supporting your child has nothing to do with how she acts. Even if she lived with you, “this won’t be tolerated, no soup for you!”? In the court system paying and visitation are two separate things. You have visitation rights, but not because you pay. The money is going to your ex.
I guess I see things differently because I was that child. But also, the TP was pretty rotten in a lot of ways. I am now 30 years old and after a 10 year break we have tried a couple times to fix our relationship, but it usually lasts about 6 months or so then goes to hell. This has been going on for a couple years and has caused a lot if heartache. But now I’m back to dealing with the other parent too. It never ends.
DianeNovember 18th, 2014 at 10:32 PM
I can so relate to your story, my daughter is so hateful and rude to me, but still expects me to buy her things. Her father is a narcissist and has trained her to hate me. I didn’t realize he was brainwashing her until this year, she’s 29 with a toddler. I had thought she had an addiction to painkillers and that was the cause of her meaness and wanting money from me. I took her in when she was desperate with a toddler and a horrible relationship with the baby daddy. She was ungrateful and rude to me for a year, she got worse and worse with every month. Had to send her back to her father, it was taking a toll on my health. Her father still is brainwashing her, I’ve learned that he will still have control of her until he dies…
HeatherSeptember 21st, 2014 at 5:07 PM
I am responding to Donald Poore and anyone else who thinks that there isn’t much cause to be affected by the aftermath of a bad divorce. My mother told me from the time they divorced that my dad could never love.. he didn’t know how. She spent HOURS a day talking about him to me, my sister, any unsuspecting person that would politely listen. It was so much easier to get on her side b/c everytime I had a good interaction with my father, I would hear her voice of doubt. It affected my trust with men I dated. She seriously had me convinced he was rotten and deserving of estrangement. Several times we were estranged and she NEVER said one word to try to help b/c she enjoyed hurting him. My wedding was a disaster as my dad thought I would finally see the light and make him a center of it, but of course it all just turned into a fight. When my parent’s divorced, my mom was rejoicing (or so she pretended out of pride), and I wasn’t allowed to mourn the loss of the family. If I took his side, I was strongly chided. She even kicked my sister out of the car once for saying something nice about my dad. Before the divorce, I had the love of two parents. I butted heads with my dad, sure, but if they were married, they would have supported the work that goes into a relationship. Then, during a 6 year estrangement from my dad, I contracted H1N1 and was on life support and in a coma for three weeks. My dad was devasted and my mom greeted him with hostility at the hospital. She didn’t even think he should come until my husband stepped in. So much pain for nothing. I am writing this now b/c my dad is off-limits as a topic for my mom and the last few days is posting vague jabs at my dad on facebook and it hurts me, b/c she does it and she KNOWS it hurts me. Now that my dad and I are close again, she won’t talk to me much, barely gives me eye-contact and has a short fuse. You can’t win.
YolandeMarch 28th, 2015 at 6:01 AM
I understand your pain! I had to put thight boundaries with my mother and claim my right to having a mother and A Father. She still rants about him negatively and whenever she does I leave or hang up the phone. By the way he has been dead for 25 years!
There was never any reasoning to do with my mother, she is mentally incapable of seeing what she has done and still do .
I have read several books over the years about: controlling people, walking on eggshells and the last one Adult-children of parental alienation of Amy JL Baker. I worked on myself, on my reactions to events. This has help me avoid much more pain caused by my mother. I have also accepted who she is. My relationship is very limited with her now because she interacts always in a toxic manner.
I still have a relationship with her and must admit it will always be difficult. but with tools to help and boundaries i have been able to hold on to a minimal relationship.
I am the most important person in all of this and I owe it to myself, my husband and my children to ensure that the past trauma cause by PAS will no longer control nor affect my life.
Good luck and I wish you lots of strength.
TrevorSeptember 28th, 2014 at 1:39 PM
After not being able to sleep tonight through the pain of my 23yr son in hospital Again after his drinking , I stumbling across this site.
I have struggled for years to be apart of my children’s lives from my first marriage . I was in the Army and was AWOL when we met we got married and stayed in the Army to secure our future . Being very young just kids really at age 19 we were in love but sadly this didn’t last long and we grew apart, But not before we had three children . I was the one that noticed the issues and after 7 years I decided to move out. I was not going to bring children up in a family that was dis functional . My wife took this very badly and was not very nice I was paying for the house and covering their food and electricity . I went in a course for work for three weeks and in my return went to the house and she had moved out . After a day if tracking her down I found out her mother had convinced her to go to welfare to become independent from me . I was told from my family to fight for custody of the children . I was young and chose not to fight, I had no idea this was the wrong decision . I believed children needed their mother and I could still be into kids lives .
Well , I had to leave the army and I moved closer to where she was and I saw the kids every second weekend as per court ordered ,I even walked them to school on occasions without mum’s knowledge . My ex used these children all the time as tools to control my life in many wYs and manipulated situations . She has had 4 other children to 4 other men none of who stayed . After 6 years of living for my children and emotional dramas with her manipulation I decided to move away to help my sister start a business which was 2 hours drive from my children .
Still seeing my children every chance I could and driving to see them and waiting for hours at their house but they weren’t there on many occasions.
After a few years I met the Love of my life and we have made our life together and have been together . She had just broken up from a bad marriage and had 2 infant boys we soon had a son if our own .
It wasn’t long after we got together that my ex got involved using our children again . She said that my eldest boy was having trouble at school and needed to be brought in to line . I agreed and jumped at the chance to have him live with me . This was hard for my new relationship but we made it work and life was good till 6 months on and my eldest son had organised to stay with his mom for the weekend I was getting ready for the drive we my ex mother in law knocked in the door . Behind my back she had organised my son and her mother to take my son back .
2 years later the same thing happens and my second son comes to live with us he was 17 and was ” off the rails” . He had a drinking problem we found out after he self mutilated taking a knife to himself . We took him to hospital and we got help for him we took all the alcohol out if the house got him sober got him an apprenticeship and he was seeing a therapist . Then we were Wokwn one Saturday morning with his elder brother at the door to pick him up to take him back to his mother
My children now resent me and my new relationship and continually complain that I do not come see them or ring them enough . They are all adults now and I find that they have been totally brain washed posting in Facebook ” happy Father’s Day dad cause no matter what your still my dad ” and in the same post on my timeline they wish their mother a happy fathers day !” Going on about how great she is . They never ring me or send cards for any occasions but still expect things on their birthdays and Christmas.
I am worn out and find things very hard to keep a relationship with them .
markSeptember 29th, 2014 at 6:25 PM
My story is vey sad. A real Alienated Parent. I had to step back from two beautiful sons when they were 10 and 12 Ive had no real contact with my sons for 15 years i divorced my sons mother after many years of abuse and cheating. She had a boyfriend who she hyped up with anger and range against me so she had her own bully to do her dirty work for her. I tried being civil no anger against her just wanted to separate and get away from her. She is a sociopath has no regard for anyone will lie on a dime and steal your last cent a very awful person to say the least. She spent every waking minute destroying what little I had left of my broken world. I basically self destructed because I was condition to due what she wanted me to do. I had no real person to talk to inside myself I just couldnt recognize who was me, so I was very vulnerable against a person who had been calculating her whole life on how to steal from my business which left me financially strapped when i divorced. Then came the abuse I finally got Divorced the happiest day of my life ended up with very little visitation to see my sons which was a night mare every time I showed up the drug dealer/boyfriend would come to my car spit on me tell me these were his sons and that if I came back again he would kill me. It was horrific experience I had him arrested numerous times which the police did nothing. at the same time my Boys mother was having me arrested for saying good night to my sons which she turned around and told the police I threatened her any other thing that she could think of to see me in jail. This was her total focus for months she would frequent places I went to and call the cops and make some crazy ass story up to see me in jail. So after months of going in and out of jail I quit, went to my sons house told them in a letter the best way I knew how that I couldn’t see them anymore. But that at anytime they would call I would be right there. Its been 15 years of sheer hell my life has never been the same I miss them so much that I feel I cant live another day. Both my sons are very accomplished Golfers in Ct my youngest son plays on the PGA of Latin America my boys are famous in a few circles. I try emailing them just to say I love you they block me I twitter follow which is the only way I can see who and where their going in life Im basically an outsider to my sons life nothing feels weirder than this kind of torture. I have watch from a far as my sons have gone to grade school high school and college without one word from them. Now my youngest son is on tour I read his tweets i read his blogs and try to relate to someone who I love more than my own life and receive nothing but hate and rejection every time I reach out like Im a piece of garbage. I was a very loving father to my sons, home every night and every weekend playing golf with then since they were 2. This blog I hope will help me deal with this pain because I have to admit Im done! I know it sounds crazy but living without your own children makes you very crazy.
GoodTherapyAdminSeptember 30th, 2014 at 9:40 AM
Thanks to each of you for sharing your experiences here. This ongoing dialogue is heartwarming, and we encourage you to continue talking about your experiences with mental health issues and therapy with a wider audience via the Share Your Story feature on our blog. Writing your story may be healing for you and encouraging to others. Learn more and submit a piece for review here:http://www.goodtherapy.org/submit-your-story.html
dodoOctober 4th, 2014 at 8:00 PM
This is all so sad. I am a mum being alienated from my children aged 17 and 20 by what a husband I think has all the traits of a narcisstic person. I had hoped to find some encouragement here to help me maintain the text contact I make twice a week yet it all seems to go the way of the alienating parent. Is there no good news? It is a living death or as one contributor said – a living torture.
KevinOctober 10th, 2014 at 5:42 AM
I’m a stepdad with visitation after divorce 10 days a month. I used audio recordings of the kids with the psychiatrist (hired by my wife to keep me away). Psychiatrists can tell by listening to a lot of recordings what the truth is. After getting visitation, 16 months later, evil mom taught the kids to lie to the psychiatrist, his report to the judge said “seems the children are adamantly opposed to stepdad visitation, and the mom has not affected this decision”. I recorded the kids saying just the opposite;stepdaughter; “let’s get a babysitter for my brother everyday so we can go out and have fun together, just the two of us” and stepson “I told mom I went to school sick… Just…just to goto your house, cuz if anyone went home sick from school….it wasn’t going to be me…I just put my head down on the desk all day and waited for school to end”.
These two recordings made the psychiatrist write to the judge “I was presented with a preponderance of evidence to the contrary of my last report including audio, video and written evidence, and therefore visitation shall continue”.
What I did not know then was my ex-wife hired the psychiatrist and never ever paid him a penny. So he was working for free, and hence he would be done with our case if visitation ended. Ironically, his very first report said “if the mother does not maintain a neutral attitude towards stepdad, the children will rebel and not want visitation”, he told evil mom what to do. Stupid lazy psychiatrist. He got paid when I settled my divorce. Cost $100K roughly for my wife to demonstrate child abuse for 4 years, luckily she left written evidence at my house when she moved out, stating “I must stop physically and emotionally abusing my kids, I want them to grow up normal”, kids were ages 1&3 at the date of the writing, which was 7 months before we met! I married an admitted criminal and the courts required me to pay her in divorce! Grrr!…..kids are doing fairly well, 2 years later, abusive mom just told oldest child “I am a really bad mother”. Finally some truth!
chrisOctober 15th, 2014 at 11:30 AM
so my mother is Norwegian and father Irish.her a social worker then elementary teacher him NAVY,commander,sister triple masters,them Yale and Harvard..me first born only a sister.I have never had a grade higher than c,I went to ten different elementary schools,rode short bus,attended private small classrooms and public schools..parents and sister ganged up on me…all would aggregate ME.then provoke,then say see,look Chris is hitting me sister would set me up.then dad said.oh.had u told me instead of reacting and handling yourself.Karin may’ve received verbal while I got soap in mouth..Karin got time out.I got pulled out of car on side of road on road trips,my father’s turrets kicking in,he’d say for years from age 3 to 18 in fact..this is going to hurt me,him, more than it’ll hurt u,me…or u are going to drive me to drink as he took me over his knee,year after year, my worst, I punch a hole in wall in total loss of words.for I got physical beatings from a sober military captain,I begged my mother for help,she said he works hard,just don’t make him think is what she meant…also,did I mention,my parents made me take Ritalin while my parents physically abused me…I wanted to tell my dad’s commanding officer…!!! my mom said don’t…he’s under a lot of stress…you know I tried to take them to a family counselor on my dime…last month, and a week before the apt. my dad calls POLICE, lied, I won’t even…he basically still pulls my strings.pushes buttons,and says what’s the matter..why are u so SENSITIVE…I smile and ask.why? Did u use tax payers money…lie to local sheriff.to have me pulled from my home..they told police because I asked about ? they were afraidfor my safety….really.I’m forty five…I asked officer nature of visit from cuffs…he replied parents said u we’re going to.kill yourself….I saI’d..how did they say I conveyed this …text he says…I said really.so take my phone.read.and if nothing is found.I DEMAND AN APOLOGY!!!! I was livid…
I got an apology.I asked for copy of report.he replied none was to b filed…I can’t stop my CRAZY parents…they beat on me.put soap in my mouth for years.thousands of times..school teacher and top gun commander…and it doesmy end…I’m hitting poverty level.I asked for a 800 loan from my filthy rich ABUSERS.and I got we will if u see a therapist..Mom blurted out..I read online u are bipolar….the demoralizing, she convinced me I deserved the soap.the belt.the spankings as a child.I’m certain she truly believes I’m a project….she literally told my 55 year old girl friend..after a disagreement at dinner, when I used comode..that I was her biggest project..Stacy was like,wow…u know controlling parents like mine.hiding deep dark child abusing secrets…has diseased her into adult forms of abuse…he ll, I’m at a loss for words..oh…I went to counselor w parents to ORIGINALLY discuss why my parents paid for female nuns, in st.John’s elementary school,Encinitas,ca. to hit me ,with a ruler or soap, I met another gent locally whom reminded me,when nuns hit us,age three, I cried.then asked my mom…..next day, she replies, you were too young to remember that…then came recent police and almost false arrest, sabotage, they are clearly afraid, now that I’m remembering , what Ritalin I’m guessing was supposed to suppress.Instead of having closure…I got almost arrested
John D.October 21st, 2014 at 8:22 AM
Dear readers. After a long and arduous war – my former spouse and her new husband destroyed the love I had for our only son. They succeeded in destroying my second marriage and that wife had enough of them; a yale Psy.d…we never heard or saw our son again – now 4 + years. At mediation they told me to never see our son again and that they would bankrupt me further if I did. During the course of 11 years they caused me to lose a few homes, cars, voluntary repossession, $500K in fees, support and $500K in savings, our son lied to me, said horrible things about me to the court and custody evaluator and in the end the evaluator told me to see him in the JJC juv justice center for supervised visitation, then someone emailed the custody evaluation to my employer and I lost my job and security clearance. It took me 14 years to get back on my feet; our son lives 8 miles from my home and I have seen him out and he never says anything to me and looks right past me. I send cards 2x a year to his last home with some money and when he turned 18; his parents cashed my check b4 the due date and it almost bounced and signed his OLD Name…he now goes by their name as they forced me to put him up or adoption by threat at the mediation 4 years ago. How does it feel? My entire family passed away in the meantime and I am alone with no one and our son never got to see his family or his grandparents much; she even fought the Grandparents visitation request in court. My parents are buried at Quantico Cemetary and were patriots – what a sad waste. I have struggled for years as a victim of PAS and was told to not go to events, wrong dates and locations for meetings and events and embarrassed to no end in public and at work…I struggle every day to get up and put on a game face; counseling of 80+ hours to help me and I am just as emotionally bankrupt as the day he told me I was not his father, and to just go away.
Thanks for reading this. I am too old now to do anything more but I still send cards with money to him to show I care. I do not have any contact information for him and missed his middle and high school years so basically I am not his dad.
SusanOctober 22nd, 2014 at 6:54 PM
I have adult children in their late 20’s. Their dad (my ex) have been divorced since they were toddlers. He successfully practiced PAS all of these years. My kids are estranged from me now. For years they have treated me horribly despite the fact that I was the one there for them. In social media now they are friends with old mutual family friends (They’ve blocked me). I know for a fact they post inappropriate and untrue things about me on there. It’s very hurtful and embarrassing. Yet none of these so called friends ever try to contact me to say anything or ask if I’m ok.
Anyways… My one question I have is “How can Adult Children suffering from PAS be healed to the point of being in a relationship again with the TP”?
MAMAOctober 26th, 2014 at 11:46 PM
For everyone on this board who are target parents in the horrid act of parental alienation, we have a page called MAMA, it stands for “Mothers Against Maternal Alienation”, please come by and like and share our page, in support of mothers who are target parents and have lost their children as a result. We understand that this happens both ways. The MAMA page was created for mothers to take a stand and help raise awareness about alienation against mothers. AGAIN, we KNOW it happens to loving fathers, and welcome all loving innocent Dads to come and help raise awareness and perhaps draw support as well from others on MAMA.
Everyone is welcome, so we hope to see you there.
~ MAMA ~
Mothers Against Maternal Alienation
Al SOctober 27th, 2014 at 8:10 PM
This situationn is happening to me. My daughter who is 12 wants nothing to do with me. My ex wife has taken me to court last november with an emergency hearing to have my parenting time stopped due to an accusation that I am a “crossdressing homosexual”. I am not and the court clearly dismissed this. She has attempted to have me committed mentally, this too has failed. I work professionally as a Fire captain, and an ER nurse for 17 years. MY ex has been found in to be neglectful of the children due to her marijuana useage. She claims its ok because she has a medical card for it. What I have learned is that according to the New England Journal of Medicine dated June 5 2014, the newer weed causes paranoia, depression and psychosis. I last saw my daughter in December of 2014 aside from 2 short court ordered therapy visits. The ex refuses to bring my daughter to these therapies despite the conitnued court order. It is a special therapy aimed at Parental Alienation called Re-unification therapy. I have filed a contempt in September on this and our wonderful judicial system gave me a court date for December. I have a bit of sarcasm, but clearly they have the childrens best interset in mind. The sad part is that my son who is 10 comes and stays with me 50% of the time. Here in Massachusetts my divorce gave me the house, her car back, and joint legal and physical custody of our children. My ex is using my daughter as a pawn to hurt me and destroy my will. I know that there are a lot of people who look down at the dads as being dead beats, but there are those of us who do honestly want to be involoved with our kids. My daughter spoke to me briefly last week only to tell me to “erase me from your life, you lied to me, brainwashed me and tried to take my mommy from me”. Such hard words to hear from daddy’s little girl.
All I can say is that let the children be children, leave them out of it. I never say a bad word about the mother yet I am puninshed by the courts for trying to be a great dad.
Any advice that is constructive would be appreciated.
OnthemendNovember 2nd, 2014 at 5:27 PM
My youngest son never fell under the spell of his father he spent more time with his dad and was exposed to a lot of things which he has never forgotten. He’s very intuitive and aware. My eldest went to live with his father at 16. We were close as I am with my youngest. He never had the time with his father as my youngest was treated as the golden child growing up and had more attention from father and MIL. My youngest is of gentle nature and easily manipulated as I was. Through the MIL and ex NPD I definitely felt I was incompetent and felt like I was a useless mother. I was emotionally abused which has had profound effects on my emotional well being for years not enabling me to make good decisions or live life how I would have wanted. The father now denies he has ever done anything and has been in contact with people at my sons sport which now people just look and are rude to me, friends making out they’re friends but in touch with the ex and family spreading lies and mis-thruths but plays the nice hand to me. I have been called many names. I have been exposed to gas lighting. My eldest is now in contact with me since I wrote to him explaining my reasons for leaving and moving 18 months ago and my need to deal and sort out my emotional well being. I couldn’t cope and moved with my youngest. I have apologised and wrote several letters as I was unable to cope at the time due to the stress of what I had been dealing with. My ex never encouraged us to talk things out and communicate in that time and he wanted to keep the barriers there so he could be in control. It was always the way for him. I couldn’t talk with my son for 18 months. He didn’t want to but I tried constantly and never gave up. My son that lives with me was in contact with his father at times but due to him being unsure due to what he had experienced he is often conflicted and often doesn’t want to talk with him. I felt protective of him as I could see the effects everything had had on him. He makes his own decisions. I have always maintained and taught the kids to be respectful no matter what and to communicate but when you have someone that wants things their way you can’t communicate with them but you bend to them but they never think of you. But it is the needs and wants of an emotionally immature person that has created a situation that need not have happened and has destroyed relationships due to his own needs not anyone else’s. It’s cruel and selfish. They’re never accountable and hide behind a face of lies. I’m not perfect and have suffered but am seeking therapy and am stronger than I have ever been despite others trying to invade my life. People judge without knowing anything and unless you have experienced it, they’ll never understand. I am an empathetic and a very caring person and love family but that was taken away from me and I have grown to not take any crap anymore. I have given up being the people pleaser I have always been. When you do finally take a stand and no longer bend to the whim of those people, people think there is something wrong with you.
MarionNovember 21st, 2014 at 12:56 PM
I identify with muchof what you say, and I commend your courage. These psychopaths look for people who are kind, sensitive and honest, so that they can mess with their heads while they do whatever they feel like. People who haven’t been there like to think they know what they would do, and that they would never be so silly, but they have absolutely no idea what terror does to a person.
Read Psalm 37, and keep on mending!
KatoNovember 4th, 2014 at 8:00 AM
Jennifer F (comment #9), you invited us to ask how you know. May I ask? I have 2 adult sons who have both been alienated from me in different ways and at different times. They are both very protective of their alienating father and unwilling to hear about what happened to them when they were young. I see how the past is now negatively impacting each of their lives, and I want to talk to them about what happened. I have a feeling you may know something about this. If you are still on this site your response would be most appreciated. Thank you.
Jennifer and Jimmy FNovember 5th, 2014 at 2:47 PM
Thank you for your response. We have added six posts since our initial post of April 12, 2012. Our posts go into detail. We come on the site regularly though we have limited our involvement because of severe family issues directly related to our alienated children – who are now fully estranged from us.
In losing our Son, William, and the hatefulness we have experienced from not only our adult children, but their father – we have gained new perspective and realize that sometimes all you can do is accept the situation (as bad as it is) and go on the best way possible. William lives on through us and we are committed to keeping his memory free from anger and pain.
There are many good books on the subject of PAS; the best we have found is Divorce Poison. Also, please do not keep this inside you. Tell people what you are experiencing.
Best wishes to You and your Sons, Kato. We hope they come to realize what has happened to them and find their way back to you and that you can have an honest and meaningful relationship.
Jennifer and Jimmy
TuffieNovember 12th, 2014 at 2:30 PM
To those of you commenting things like “get over it” or “be adults”, you obviously have no understanding of what it is to try to co-parent with a sociopath. As the “normal” parent, you watch your child be manipulated and damaged, robbed of a healthy relationship with their non-alienating parent. Are you supposed to just sit back and watch that happen? The people you love most in the world, who you’re instinctively driven to protect are being emotionally and psychologically shredded by a person whose wiring makes them incapable of truly loving their own kids. It is the most excruciatingly difficult thing in the world to live with. So you might want to consider gaining a little more understanding before telling both parents to “grow up”.
TokiDecember 3rd, 2014 at 7:19 PM
There are beautiful people and animals and places in life. If your children are not respectful, vent with good friends, get support, go to therapy to gain more insight into your options and choices. Give your time to an elderly shut in or a homeless dog or cat, so that you get gratefulness and appreciation in return. Your ex sounds like an immature narcissist.
TuffieNovember 12th, 2014 at 2:47 PM
Cheryl – I cried when I read your message. My son, now 14, lives with his Dad full time and has nothing to do with me. My daughter (19) recently quit school because of an eating disorder and anxiety. She came home for some support and help and was to live with me full-time while she got it. One weekend with her Dad and she’s turning toxic again. After 10 years of dealing with this, developing cancer and going through a stem cell transplant this past year, I’ve developed what I’d call almost a PTSD. So when my daughter came home after being with Dad for 2 days and starting again with the disrespect and cruelty (you’re going to die alone Mom), I just couldn’t do it anymore. I told her to go to her Dad’s and stay there – otherwise I will literally die if I have to live in this hell one more day. I’m in total despair. I am so raw and shredded inside that I have nothing left to help either of my kids. And the only way I can see for navigating all of this is to try very hard to forget I have kids. Because it’s my love for them, and how he uses that as a weapon against me, (in the process destroying them) that is quite literally killing me.
And I know, that until my daughter recognizes the impact her father’s sick behaviour has had on her mental health, she’ll never be able to get well herself. So I’m sending her research and resources on counselling for PAS – getting no response – because of course, I’m the crazy one and anything I have to say about her father is pure delusion.
Doesn’t there come a time when the losses are just too great? Isn’t there a tipping point from which there just is no return? I’ve been following the die with dignity debate closely, envying those who can opt out of life without judgement from others.
Marie CJanuary 7th, 2015 at 10:30 AM
Hi Tuffle — I needed to respond because your hurt and your words are exactly my experience. I am now physically getting ill – because of the amount of pain I have had to receive via proxy my daughters are both young adults. The situation has gotten worse with regard to the forms of abuse.
I love my youngest daughter as I love my oldest; I had come to accept the complete alienation of my oldest but was hopeful that my youngest had rejected the hatred. However, it is not the case she just kept her rage and delusional thinking out of the forefront and hidden.
I have really come to accept that we can not control how our adult children think or what delusions they seek to tell themselves or the world. As someone who has delt with this type of personality disorder – is that they will make up lies and slander you – in the face of all your loving support.
It is truly mind boggling how the more love and support you give; and strength you show the more they twist the truth.
So I do believe, that as much as you love your children if they choose as adults to abuse you – disrespect you, slander you in response to love and caring you give them. You must remove yourself from the abuse.
Otherwise we enable there delusion and the narcissistic supply they and the alienating parent and family members – including adult siblings make.
Life is about choices — always choose Love. This starts with you.
Time heals all wounds and reveals all truths – if not in this life – then the next!
My prayers are with you — to attract what you deserve –love and release negative energy. Forgiveness is the gift we give ourselves to live with love – and this is when true healing begins.
MishappyApril 10th, 2015 at 9:25 PM
If I may share, what helped me to keep my sanity, after doing everything in my power to bring my family together for 3 decades and finding greater and greater estrangement and alienation towards me instead – as a last resort I considered them all dead. Now I think of myself as born again, new people, new adventures, new life. When I remember and I start to long for my family, I redirect my thoughts to the wonderful things that are in my life today – caring people, hobbies, adventures and giving to my community.
MaryApril 11th, 2015 at 3:14 PM
I know how you feel . I find myself coming to the same conclusion. When you do everything in your power to connect and nothing ever works then for your own salvation you must redirect your focus. I will always love my kids and be greatful for any connection no matter how small but I no longer live for that moment. I live for the life and friends that are close to me and know who I am. I do read as much as I can now about PAS I have ordered some books because I may find a way to help my kids.
Laurie M.November 18th, 2014 at 2:05 AM
My husband and I let my single daughter with my grandson move in almost a year ago, I am disabled do to arthritis her stipulations no rent, enroll in online classes and she works full time and I keep baby free. This has happened several times she has outburst of cussing that includes me and Stepdad she came home last night and I was dosing to sleep, but had 1 eye open and listening out for him, she come in and started hollering profanity and called me and stepdad everything under sun, plus was hitting us! My husband called police he let her leave with her sister…. and said we have to evict her out! My main concern is the toddler and I don’t know what to do!
Margaret C.November 18th, 2014 at 10:35 PM
So sorry to hear about your troubles Laurie. You are definitely in a pickle here. May I suggest that the toddler may not find adequate care if he stays with his mother for now, until she shores up a stable living arrangement, etc. I commend her for working and doing the classes. However, she is being abusive to you and this cannot be tolerated. Perhaps insist on her getting counseling as a condition of agreeing to letting her have partial custody of the child. Also Laurie … Sounds like you need some resources yourself. Could you get the toddler into a head start program? We love our children to a fault, no doubt, but some boundaries must be drawn up. Get legal aid to help you with the custody issues. God bless, and good luck. MC
LaraNovember 23rd, 2014 at 6:27 PM
I am the sister of my step-dad’s children who are not blood related to me. So they are my step brothers. I am 14 years old and have known them since I was 6. We had/have many family complications, but now there is a main point. My parents, divorced, are both re-married which I suppose I am ok with me since it was when I was 5-6 years old, but now my step dad has a really sad life. He is also re-married (to my mom) and has two sons. Since his ex met my mom, she has rarely let the boys see their father. They used to come over at least once per week and we would watch a movie and have dinner and dessert and we were all happy being a little family. Then they would go home and we would all look forward to them coming back in the next few days, but one day they didn’t come. Now my step-dad does not have 100% custody, but he has some and really does love his children, but the ex-wife doesn’t let their boys visit us anymore. My step-dad has gone to court several times about this but every time the mom (ex-wife) lies to the court and says that she lets them come over and visit. She also persuades the boys to tell the court people that they see their dad or something like that (I do not know all the details because I am still “young” to understand), but I know quite a bit. Now the mom (of the boys) hardly lets the dad talk to them and definitely doesn’t let them see their father. Now they coincidentally live one block away from us (me, my mom, and my awesome step-dad), so we see them riding bikes or skateboarding every once in a while. When we drive by the boys always run away like they are scared of us. In my words she (their mom) has hypnotized them to do as they say. She told them they could only come over if their dad gave them presents? I mean she is actually a little mental (seeming). Does anyone know what I could do to help them socialize with their own father? He is one of the best dad’s. He is an amazing cook, he loves taking road trips, they loved him until all these complications it’s killing me and especially him. Those boys are about 11 and 13 and I think they will need their father! Thank you for your future replies.
The WifeNovember 26th, 2014 at 7:39 PM
Can someone please advize me what to do before my temper gets the best of me. My husband has been hurting now for two month, from the selfish self centred attitude he got from his two youngest children(who are in their 40s)a couple of month ago. They now seem to think it has all blown over, and they continue to text him (occasionally), although my husband feels they are even more distant now. The youngest has always been what I term has a ‘mummy’s boy’.
The middle son always seem closed to his dad, and I think that is what is hurting my husband the most, the attitude he was dealt that day of the meeting.
I personally believe the youngest instigated the events of the meeting, pulling the strings of his older brother to do all the talking, or should I say shouting.
Not a day goes by when I want to pick up the phone, we don’t get weekly family visits, even though we all live in the same town, and COMMUNICATE to them a few home truths that they seemed to have forgotten. But my husband says to forget it, it may all blow over by Christmas. And what if it hasn’t, what should I do?
AndyDecember 2nd, 2014 at 4:52 PM
My ex is the most evil person you can met she made false allegations against me had me arrested.l have two daughters l love dearly one was told lies and the other didnot believe her.My exs boyfriend hit my youngest due to her wanting to see her dad.went to court got full custody had to move due to threats from her family to hurt me and my daughter who was 9 at the time.its been 5 years now my daughter is doing well and am so proud of her.no contact from her mum or sister been told by a good person my other daughter wishes me dead but l will always love her she is totally brainwashed P.A.S its sad my daughter has lossed out on so much but much keep going for my daughter love her so much enough said thanks
Jennifer and Jimmy FDecember 5th, 2014 at 9:09 AM
We hope that your children will realize and accept what the alienating parent has done to them. In many cases they sadly don’t, until it’s too late. Some children become estranged and you must accept this and go on with your lives the best way you can. You cannot put your life on hold waiting for a genuine relationship that will never be. We agree with Toki above. Do not waste precious time with people who are disrespectful and rude to you. This includes your children. There is nothing written that says you must accept abuse! These adult children are mirroring the alienating parent – they are abusing you by proxy. But remember this as well, these adult children are ADULTS.
A wonderful group of people, who have walked in your shoes and can provide support, can be found on Daily Strength : Parents of Estranged Adult Children Everywhere. PEACE
As Christmas and a New Year approaches, it is a sad time for alienated parents, but also the children who are trapped in a delusional world created by the alienating parent. It takes a lot of strength and courage to break free from an abusive, narcissistic and sometimes deadly relationship. We wish all of you strength and courage in the New Year and the years ahead.
KrissDecember 25th, 2014 at 7:17 PM
How can i possibly move on knowing they could be alone with their manipulating father. I’m Tring to support my two beautiful children emotionally but most often play right into being abused by them how could that be fair to them why can’t i be the mom they need. How can i stop what’s happening to the loves of my life i only want us to be a 3 person family that can communicate snd support eschother in the love that is still there.
Sharon G.January 18th, 2015 at 4:46 PM
Thank you for this post. I am in this situation and now have a grand-daughter I may never know. But you must keep living and going forward.
YolandeMarch 28th, 2015 at 5:24 AM
To Jennifer and Jimmy.
I sincerely invite you to read the following book| adult children of parental alienation syndrome-breaking the ties that bind, written by Amy J.L. Baker. As a 50 year old adult-child that suffered PAS, I can assure- you that your point of view on things will not bring the openess required to have a futur relationship with your children. Better understanding what they went through and the consequences left on them by the emotional abuse they suffered will give you a better chance at having any king of relationship with them.
YOU are the parent even of those adults and your role in loving them unconditionnaly should never change.
Good luck and do not give up, you may be quite suprised on how things will turn around if you go into this with the right reasons.
And yes it will be difficult and there will be tears involved!
I wish my father would have been still alived once I understood what I suffered from PAS. Luckily his family…actually my family too opened their arms and embraced me coming into their lives.
MishappyApril 10th, 2015 at 9:05 PM
There is no such thing as unconditional love. There are consequences to every action and every action has a reaction.
On another note: Do you find estrangement runs in families? I wonder, sometimes I think it is just a product of not knowing how else to either control someone (the abuser) or to protect one’s self from someone (the victim).
YolandeApril 12th, 2015 at 7:29 AM
Action-reaction simplified concept: mom and dad get pregnant- mom and dad dont have a good relationsghip- mom keeps baby and uses baby to hurt dad- dad gives up because too self absorbed in his pain. Mom who is mentally ill raises baby to kid to teen, abuses child and is an AP. Child leaves mother’s home at 18, takes her 20 years to enderstand the consequences on her of mom and dad poor management of the whole thing and The mental illness of her mom. In the 60s and 70s a judge decided of my fait, dad’s family, mom’s family and mom all created the environment of child. Actions: all parents fault, consequences a life sentence of cleaning up the damage those two people did to child.
Adult-children react to the S**** their parents created!
Take your responsabilities and own your actions. You will never have a good relationship with your kids until this happens.
I have three children and I will always love them unconditionnaly and I did everything in my power to protect them, love them and provide them a nurturing and safe environment. DID it take a lot of work, yes, is it hard, yes, is it my duty, yes. I put them in this world and it is my duty to ensure when they are grown up they felt loved and nurtured and they had a good childhood.
I had to work extra hard because of the non love, non caring and abuse I lived growing up. YES everyone chooses, I chose NOT to do what my parents did : go on the merry go round of parental alienation. I chose that my kids would get it better than I did. I know to much how destructive PA and PAS is on a child.
Good luck on your wellness path!
paul g jrJanuary 16th, 2015 at 12:12 AM
PAS has led to the early death of my son PJ on 12/27/14 at the age of 23… The court in nj blew off the doctors concerns years ago….lets not lose any more young lifes…. this abuse has to stop
Jennifer and Jimmy FJanuary 16th, 2015 at 1:43 PM
Dear Paul G Jr. –
Please accept our deepest condolences for the tragic loss of your Son, PJ. We know that every loss is unique and personal. One thing we do have in common is the role that PAS has played in the lives and deaths of our Sons. In 2012, we lost our Son, William. The court system failed William and us, as well.
So called “family and friends” turned a blind eye and deaf ear along the way. Almost 2 1/2 years later, we find they are no different. It isn’t only the court system that fails children suffering from PAS. It’s also the people who protect the alienating parent – whether it is by action or inaction.
It is a long and lonely journey you now find yourself on. May you find Peace and comfort knowing you tried to help PJ.
We are determined to walk forward because William lives on through us now. Very early on, we decided to improve the lives of children in William’s memory. It gives us hope and strength for the future.
Surround yourself with people who truly care about your Son and who truly care about you. Let the others go.
Jennifer and Jimmy F
DiamondsnailJanuary 26th, 2015 at 6:17 PM
My kids are a-holes. I’m sorry, but that is the truth. Yes my ex is a sociopath but my kids are now adults and need to take responsibility for their actions and their behavior. It is not only wrong to treat me, their mother, badly but it is wrong to treat anyone this way. I feel much better after reading this thread. We all know it is not our fault. I still cry from time to time. I still hope that one day they will come around. However I know this is highly unlikely. Even if they did come around I don’t trust them. They have become sociopaths themselves. It evens enters my mind that they may try to poison me.
I know they also treat other people badly, as does their father. These are people to stay clear of.
My part in this..I had children with someone I didn’t know well enough. I was irresponsible in that way. I still love my children in some ways and I always will. However, in the forefront is preservation of myself. And thatis how it will always be.
I wish the best to all of you. Remember, no one is more important than you, not even your children.
Isabel r.February 7th, 2015 at 12:15 PM
Wow I really feel bad for you, its horrible that you get treated that way by your kids.
Put it in Gods hands, I promise he knows whose wrong. Let him be in control of that situation. Woooh idk how you deal with it. I’m so ,so sorry that you have to go through the disrespect from your kids.May God Bless You.
YolandeMarch 28th, 2015 at 3:45 AM
As long as you will entertain the emotions behind your comment you will get nowhere with them. You will continue to justify their disregard for you and fuel their PAS.
GraceFebruary 4th, 2015 at 6:57 PM
My ex told my kids I was evil, manipulative, a fighter, had affairs, ruined our family, etc. The kids are old enough that they conveyed all of it to the ad litem to the point that she left in tears. My kids became afraid of his angry outburst. He alienated himself, but the courts don’t care about that. It seems it’s ok to attempt to alienate the other parent as long as you’re not successful. It’s still emotional abuse and still causes great harm!! The ad litem criticized me for telling my daughter to go out and enjoy her day with her dad and “try” to have fun. I should not have said “try” but isn’t it reasonable that trying is necessary after so much emotional abuse? If he had been beating her for years, no one would question the word “try.” I am very careful with my words to my kids. I recognize they have half his DNA and would benefit from a healthy relationship. I have to pretend to the ad litem that there’s no animosity for what he’s done to my kids. He changed who they are!! Can we just be real between the adults?! Again, would I have to do that if he had been physically abusive? There’s so little information about parental alienation backfiring. Anyone else having the same problem?
Anne MarieFebruary 5th, 2015 at 5:45 PM
As a target parent with adult children, I must say it is a hard road. I have one of my three children who has broken through that wall of pain from my former husband. He is the middle child, and said that the key issue was his guilt. Knowing that I didn’t deserve the bullying and abuse, and doing it anyway because his father wanted him to. My oldest son is still struggling, and my daughter is currently living the lie her father wanted for her. The issue for their understanding is the development of empathy for others in general. They have to go deep within themselves and understand that pain is never the enemy, have real remorse over being a bully, and actively seek movement towards health and growth. The beginning of this with my middle child, my son, came when I began presenting my person to them in a way that is similar to someone who is held hostage saying, my name is. . . I feel. . . I love. . . I think. . . PAS is a form of brainwashing. Getting the child to see me as an individual, as human, as someone worthy to be loved was the beginning, and I had to fight for it, and hang in there all these years. Further, there were times that I needed space from the behavior of my children, and still do with my daughter. I am grateful for the space as well as time with them. Moreover, I can celebrate who I am as a person. The more they see this, the better it is for the relationship. However, I still endure the pain from my daughter, but she is having some of the same coming her way through others. This too, is a great teaching period for her. Overall, I have decided to love life, cherish beauty, and walk with the Lord through this terrible ordeal. I hope this will be helpful to others. You can overcome the pain, and others do love you.
Coco b.February 7th, 2015 at 3:36 PM
I’ve watched my husbands relationship with his son go from really positive to non existent. His case is not your typical scenario. For years my husband begged his ex to allow him to have primary custody. Naturally she refused until he decided to purchase a new home and marry me. Within 2 weeks of us starting our new life she abruptly decided to move 100’s of miles away and drop his son off with us. She left for two years without physical contact with his son. She did send morbid letters & paintings to his sons school. She convinced his teacher and school
administrators that my husband was keeping
his son from her. After two years she returned
back to California. This is when the brainwashing started. She blamed my husband for her abandonment. My step son
was going to school telling everyone that his dad was mean & evil. He even refused lunch
money so that he could maintain the delusion
that my husband was mistreating him. His is
now 17 years old and continues to abuse my
husband & I with silent treatment, stare
downs, oppositional behavior and passive
aggressive behavior. He continues to create delusional scenerio’s so that my husband looks mean and evil. He continues to perform badly in school because his mom has brainwashed him into thinking education is not important. He leaves on our house and completely identifies with her. This is just the tip of the iceberg. It would take me all day to describe the level of sophistication that she’s used to alienate him from his dad over the years. I
AnneMarieFebruary 8th, 2015 at 10:44 PM
Thank you, so much, Isabel for the encouragement. Yes, God has blessed me, and He is orchestrating circumstances for my children to learn empathy–something only He can do. However, I do believe that there are certain people who have “crossed the line” as Coco described in the ex-wife of her husband, and it is true with my ex as well. It is a personal belief, that when a person sees other people as only prey, they are done. It is God’s mercy to allow them to live out the rest of their days, as their future eternal life will not be so good. For the children that are acting out what the AP is telling them, there is hope. For most young people, trying out ideas is fairly common to see if those ideas work or not. I have experienced that with all three children. But for Coco and her husband, the strength of character within the two of you is seen by others. My best friends are those who have been through what we are describing. When we feel as though we cannot handle one more battle, we say to each other, “You have to fight.” I guess it is true, those who love peace are the best at war.
SusanMarch 13th, 2015 at 9:51 PM
You have no idea how much your posts have helped me! I have three adult children that are estranged from me due to PAS. It’s been so saddening. Very isolating. What’s more, is the fact that others (family friends etc) don’t quite understand why they aren’t talking to us. People assume that we must have done something horrible. My oldest daughter says that I was never there for her. When I really was the one that was there for her. Idk if it will ever get better. I email them and get no response. It’s so sad!
SusanMarch 14th, 2015 at 8:52 AM
How do you break through to these adult kids with PAS?
Do I continue to send emails once a week that say I love you etc.. Not ever getting a response?
My oldest daughter and I went out to lunch a couple weeks ago (she antiated) it went well. However the next day we got in an argument. This is after a couple years of being estranged. She tends to bully me. I don’t know how to stop it or break through. Any suggestions?
MaryMarch 19th, 2015 at 3:57 PM
I think I am in the right place. I am experiencing parent alienation from my youngest daughter who is 25. First of all my situation is very complicated. What I am dealing with is partially my fault I think. I was married to my ex for 26 years. During those years I was a devoted hard working wife and mother and a devout catholic. I put my ex through professional school and we adopted our children as infants. My ex was and is a very passive aggressive person. I always felt like I was all dressed up but never invited to the party. My ex wasn’t very affectionate and I was always working so hard to please him and get invited to his party but I could never make the grade. My mother and I would have long discussions about this issue, I loved her more than anything. She died at the 23rd year of my marriage. 2 years later I began a very short lived extra marital relationship with a person who I believe was a predator. I was lonely and above all I was stupid. I confessed this indiscretion to my ex and at the same time requested a divorce because I knew I would never be forgiven by him because even now I can’t really forgive myself. He moved out and we had joint custody. Not long after the divorce I met my now husband he is the love of my life. When my kids were15 and 13 is when I remarried and moved 2 hours away. (During my divorce my ex said if I tried to get half of our business he would quit working because he is the business) I told him I would agree only if he payed for all their education and that I would have to pay no child support. When I married my current husband I asked my children if they wanted to live with me or their father. They chose their father because all their friends were there that they had gone to school their whole life. At that time their father hadn’t remarried yet. So at the time I thought that the sacrifice I made to let them live with him was the best because they would have opportunities that I couldn’t afford to give them. Over those years I saw them every other week-end and holidays. When my ex remarried I was happy for him. The woman he married is a very strong and powerful person. She has a very prominent position in my children’s life. I first noticed the behavior in my youngest when I took her on a vacation that I used some of my inheritance on. This was about three years ago. She moved here after college because of a job. For the first year I never knew where she lived. The second year we started having some lunches together which I enjoyed. Then she decided to move back to the town her father and his wife live in. Now she has pretty much erased me. By the way I was honest with my children about my indiscretion because I didn’t want them to hear about it from someone who didn’t love them and I asked for their forgiveness. Now the things I did wrong are of course stepping outside the marriage and letting my ex raise them. I was,when they were young a disciplinarian. I never abused my children physically. I did make them mind and do the right thing. My oldest daughter said she had a great childhood. I felt like the youngest child had some problems attaching to things. I can’t determine if she has been coerced into this behavior or if in fact I am the person responsible and deserve what I am getting. The reason I say this is because the oldest isn’t this way at all. My youngest may have abandonment issues that I have caused by my own emotional issues. All of this is very painful to me and I have suffered for 12 years. I am accepting this as my punishment for my sin. It is what it is and I think all there is to do is accept what God has decided for me. I can only think about the story in the bible where Jesus said ” let anyone of you that has not sinned cast the first stone”
YolandeMarch 28th, 2015 at 4:11 AM
Hi all, I just wanted to share that I have suffered from PAS. I figured out what it was 6 years ago. I finally had a name for all the nonsense that happened during my childhood. For all those parents that are trying to reconnect with their adult children that have suffered or are still suffering from PAS all I may recommend is : Do NOT give up, ever! I never met my father but reached to his family…my family, 20 years after his death. I am so glad I finally found the courage and the strenght to reach. I finally was able to mourn my missed relationship with him. The ONE thing I wished He would have left is a letter, a note, expressing his hardship in all this. A note that said he tried, and that he loved me! My new found family told me he did put it is not like him telling me.
I am now 50 years old and I am so gratefull that this parental alienation is taken seriously in today’s society. Coming back from PAS is a very hard long journey, patching all the holes….
For those parents who are alienated, do not give up! Patience will be your friend, continue to love your missed child. An adult child who suffered PAS will not be able to come toward you until the light bulb turns on in his brain about the reality he lived. That takes patience. Yes you will get rejected at first but keep trying. Be sincere in your approach and be sure that you never bring your issues with your Ex into your relationship with your adult- child. You have to keep it about YOU and YOUR adult-child.
As an adult-child who suffered PAS, I have been affected in the deepest of the person I am. i do not trust easily, I test relationships, I question, I feel more comfortable as solitaire. When I feel new relationships such as frienship get to close, I walk away , I distance myself. I am afraid to be hurt again!
I am still constructing myself, or I should say reconstructing myself. It will be a lifetime sentence that my mother’s abuse toward created! But I am ok to rebuild, I am happy to be able to do so, even at 50, I still have so many years left to be happy!
AmyMarch 28th, 2015 at 12:35 PM
I hope you are right.
Yolande50March 29th, 2015 at 2:00 PM
I hope too,Amy,
in my case my father passed away when I was still suffering from PAS, I was 23. i learned about my father death 2 years after he passed away. i had never met him, they separated when my mother was pregnant. (She did everything she could so I would never see him or he would never see me. She even went into hidding when I was 3-4 years old. )
My mother told me he passed away, she said he passed away from ALS. She said to me: you can get more information, she guided me into getting the death certifcate and get the information about where he was burried. She turned around and sued the people that heritated from him, his 2 nd wife. She had some clause in her marriage contract that was irrevocable that was not cancelled when they divorced. She won 50% of the money from that clause. She kept it all! It was all about Her. She was saying” i am suing them because they owe me that money”. She wanted me to sue them also…I did not, it made no sense tome to do that. She manipulated me into obtaining the death certificate because only I, his daugther could get it. Her lawer called me in as a withness to confirm that I never had a relationship with my father and that he abandonned me. When I was a kid she said my father had no interest in me and so did his family.
Now , inside my heart, when I learned he passed away, I cried, and felt that now I would never know him. Yes I did want to see him, but I had to work against the brainwashing that was done to me and the evil manipulation of my mother. She told me that , regurlarly, when I was groing up, that if I dared to go see my father or his family, I could never come back to her and she would reject me. With no brothers, no sister, I could not take that chance. What if my father and his family rejected me, what if what my mother said was true, that he was a schizophrenic, sadistic person. Then I would be alone with no parent, of course as a child I would choose the lesser of 2 evils.
After my mother sued them, I though that all my chances where gone of being accepted by my father’s family because of my mother actions after his death. I would not blame them. So for years I abandoned the idea that I could meet them and have a relationship with them.
It took me until I was 43 years old to understand what had happened to me, to be aware of the PAS I suffered and to gather the courage, the strenght, the self-esteem to contact my father’s family. To take the chance of being rejected. I was ready to face it. The first time I spoke to his 2nd wife on the phone I was crying and shaking my entire body from happyness, guilt, still felt like i was trahison my mother. Yes my mother ´s brainwashing had that much power over me. She does not know I now have a relationship with several members of my father’s family, yes my family.
I am so glad I did reach, Although I have not had the chance to know him, the people who have described him as the nicest and most gentle person. He was also very very hurt to not have had me in his life. He tried to see me, when I was a baby and a little child, but in the 60s and early 70s the courts always prefered the mother to take care of the child.
oh my goodness, I am writting too much! It Is hard to explain such a complex situation with few words. My point is that the adult-child does want to have a relationship uncounsciously if not consciously. What keeps them from doing so is their inside battle from the brainwashing that was done to them. this is why I say to the target parent…Do Not Give Up!
Jennifer and Jimmy FMarch 28th, 2015 at 1:28 PM
Thank you for your input but you don’t understand our situation because you have not lived it. I am in no way qualified to weigh in on your situation because I do not know you. We have read every book on PAS and we are certain you would agree that every situation is unique. No one can begin to understand another family’s dynamics. The Parental Alienation began long before my marriage ended, though it was subtle and happened systematically.
I was married for 27 years and in that time he abused me in every way – even giving me a skull fracture. I wish now that I would have had the courage to press charges when the police at the ER urged me to, but I was afraid. Afraid of the threats that he would take the children from me. He is very skilled at manipulating, as all alienating parents are.
There comes a point when everyone – even a loving parent of abusive adult children – must decide that the abuse has to stop. A relationship built on someone abusing you is unhealthy. When our Son, William, died the abuse that our adult children threw at us was unimaginable. They range in age 30-37 and know right from wrong. Unless you have been through this horror, you do not know what it is like. We are not giving up that our children will one day see what their father has done – and continues to do to them – and move toward a more healthy way of life. We have given up on accepting their abuse. It’s the only sane option we have.
Our Son, William, was a victim of PAS at the hands of his father and latterly, his siblings. We did everything to try to get through to everyone in the family, but nothing worked. William is now dead. Our children and their father worked hard at keeping us from William’s funeral and we are the ones who hired the funeral home. Most of the funeral home staff quit over the way we were treated by the owner and our “family”. William was still being alienated from us even after his death.
There is no such thing as loving someone unconditionally when they are deliberately abusing you. Our adult children know – from all of our previous attempts at trying to rebuild and restore our relationships with them – that we were genuine. Our “point of view” is based on years and years and years of constant abuse and exploitation by our children and their father. We tried longer than most people would have.
We are not accepting any further abuse from anyone and that takes courage and awareness. It took years for us to finally reach that point. We are moving forward in a positive way because William lives on through us now. In William’s memory so far we have provided 29 operations through Smile Train and have planted over 800 trees. This gives us hope for the future.
Best wishes to everyone suffering the effects of Parental Alienation and Parental Alienation Syndrome.
MaryMarch 29th, 2015 at 1:18 AM
Jennifer and Jimmy I am so sorry for you loss. There are no words that can comfort the loss of a child. It is unthinkable the pain and suffering that an ex-spouse can cause by manipulating the mind of a child against the other parent. I don’t know what makes someone so evil. As you know even subtle remarks by the alienating parent against the other parent over time can do severe damage. I in my heart believe that is what has happened in my case. I am no expert on PAS but I believe it is a way for the alienating parent to continue to have control over you, to torture you. It’s like some sadistic thrill they get knowing that the one thing you love more than life itself they can take away from you or drive a wedge between. I have a friend who this happened to but she never gave up she would drive miles for visitation only to be turned away. She is a wonderful Christian woman. The woman that her ex married kept fueling this fire. Then after 7 or 8 years they divorced. Her ex finally married a wonderful Christian woman from Spain she told him to let my friend see her son that is every parents right she said. After that her son and her were reunited. Now her son insisted that she move to the city where he lives. He loves her and she helps take care of her grand children. Her ex and his wife and my friend have a cordial and respectful relationship now. But I will never forget watching my friend suffer such heartache that was caused by a jealous, immature wife of her ex husband May God Bless You!
Yolande50March 29th, 2015 at 7:18 AM
I am sorry you lived this abuse. It is very sad. It is also very sad that your children have not awaken yet from the brainwashing they recieved during their childhood.
I agree with you that no one should submt to abuse and boundaries need to be set. But setting boundaries does not mean to stop loving!
My point was only front the point of vue of the child caught in the parental alianation. The parent that does the alienation does one of the worst kind of abuse that can be done to a person. So all your children that where caught in the middle where being abused. This has lasting effects on someone, espcially when you have growing up being abused, and that your identity is battered. All that I merely tried to say was to try to see it from their point of vue. They suffer greatly, trust me , I know what it is like….
Wishing you hapiness in your life and healing!
Yolande50March 29th, 2015 at 7:58 AM
I was just reading the reference presented in the introductory paragraph of this blog. Being an adult-child who has suffered from PAS, I agree with the conclusion of the research. I still have problems with attachment, doing better with self esteem, did get depressed but stayed functional. Right now I am working on the attachment part.
I am strugling with emotions that I should not be experiencing when lets say one of my kids says :” i am not coming home this weekend because I have to much work at school”. My logic says ” this is fine and I understand” but my emotions just flow right out as ” what have I done, maybe I am annoying so that is why they wont come, and just a flow of negative self battering internal dialogue pops into my head” I feel stressed and sad. I am doing better now as I get over this flow of internal emotions much quicker. But I need to make a conscious effort to wine down and connect with my logic.
I do not have many friends…because it is safe not to have to many people close, this way I avoid getting hurt. But I envie so much all these people that have visit and go out every weekend with friends, they look like they have so much fun. Unfortunately, I am not there yet as the payback and the incentive is still too low….not getting involved to avoid hurt still wins in this portion of my life. It is hard to trust.
Is there anyone else at that stage in their healing?
Jennifer and Jimmy FMarch 29th, 2015 at 12:48 PM
Thank you for your condolences. We began posting on this site almost three years ago – before William died. In total we have posted eleven times. It’s hard to understand the mindset of an alienating parent. Whenever I witnessed such abuse within my family and even friends throughout the years, I would always speak up against it. I never knew that one day it would happen to my own children and to me.
Thank you, again –
Jennifer and Jimmy FMarch 29th, 2015 at 1:35 PM
You’re looking at this from a different prospective and we understand this.
We did not say we do not love our adult children. We love and miss the people they were before they inflicted so much pain and hatred on – not only us, but also on William. Our oldest son has threatened our lives since William’s death and he physically abused and threatened William, too. William placed a restraining order against him six months before he died. Love our oldest son unconditionally? There is no way.
We do not love the people our adult children have become. Unless you have experienced the pain and grief we have – over and over – it’s probably hard to understand. If our children were to contact us now, we would be suspicious as to what they wanted because each one of them has used and abused us time and time again. They hold no love for us – only contempt. It took us years to finally realize that.
It seems people who treat others badly, fully expect to be treated with respect and to be loved unconditionally. It’s the sense of entitlement they have that makes them feel they can dish out abuse and other people must accept it.
Well, no thanks. We’d rather be alone than in bad company.
There are people who are in the same situation that we are in and they go through their lives feeling pressured by society to endure people who repeatedly cause them and others pain. Everyone has to make choices based on the situations they face and although it wasn’t easy, we have made ours.
Best wishes to you always.
DoriMarch 31st, 2015 at 3:03 AM
Thank you for this. For years I felt guilt at being angry at my daughter for believing the lies. Once she turned 18 and it was obvious nothing I did was going to change how she treated me I made an important decision. I couldn’t go on like this anymore. Breast cancer twice in two hears , MS 10 years and health was steadily getting worse. Two days ago took all the pictures down and carefully put them away. I don’t want any reminders. Cried, a lot, felt like a death. But in reality was grieving the daughter she once was. She will continue to think the worst of me and nothing hurts more then indifference, avoidance. I am done!
MaryMarch 31st, 2015 at 9:25 PM
Thank you for sharing your experience. I too have removed pictures from my home. You are right it is a painful reminder of what once was and could have been. After years of being made to feel inadequate and even made fun of I have also decided to remain indifferent. I choose to surround my self with people who enjoy my company and who see the value that my life brings to them. I choose to help others who need me and appreciate any help that I am able to provide. I no longer choose to wait for phone calls and texts that never come or holidays that are never remembered. I choose not to have my attempts to connect rejected. There comes a point in time when enough is enough and you must let go in order to survive. It is not healthy and I am too old for mind games and the emotional abuse that comes with this issue. It is like a death in some ways but it is also like being reborn. You know the Serenity prayer is so true. God please help me to change the things I can change and help me to accept the things I can’t change and the wisdom to know the difference. If your child can’t see the beautiful person you are and the love and influence your life has made in theirs it is their loss and their choice. I am respecting their choice and moving on with my life. A life without them. Once I let go of it I have been so much happier. I wish only good things and happiness for my daughter and I will always love the memories of the good times I shared with her those many years ago but that was then and this is now. My door will always be open to her but I will no longer have unrealistic expectations. I will let her live her life as she chooses but I will also live my life on my terms. No more pushing buttons. I spend my time now working, painting , reading, playing with my dog, and laughing with friends. Yes I said laughing! I have no more tears. I am so grateful to God for giving me this gift of accepting what I am unable to change. I think that just because they are our children doesn’t mean that there won’t be consequences for their behavior. Compassion , empathy, and respect are qualities that should be afforded to all people we interact with especially between family members even if our families have suffered through a divorce. It is also about reclaiming control of our own lives and not allowing others to control it with guilt, emotional or physical abuse, it’s about driving our own bus and not letting them drive it for us. Once you remove yourself out of that sick equation your happier and hopefully they will be too. Personally at this point I’m no longer concerned about trying to please her. I am concerned with pleasing myself and re-learning to like myself. To be rejected over and over when you have been nothing but nice and excepting affects your self- esteem and makes you feel like such a failure. You know there are no directions that come with parenting or how to handle divorce we are just people doing the best we can and yes all parents make some mistakes and when our children have kids they will make mistakes too.
Yolande50April 1st, 2015 at 3:34 AM
I am sorry you lived pain and hardship and emotional distress…..but you all, ( in the parents) all had 20 years of your lives to change the situation, to reach to your child. Your are dissapointed in them for not being being the child you wished. I am sorry your lives turned sour but I will continue to beleive that in no way the Child or adult child carries the blame in this. if your kids did in deed suffer from PAS they would not try to kill the target parent! Something else goes on in your family dynamic.
And as you say ” you could not understand what a PAS child goes through unless you lived it” you can not if you keep looking at your pain not theirs!
i guess I thought this blog was to help adult-children who suffered PAS and to help them rebuild their person. But I guess I am wrong, it is all about the PARENTs again.
Whishing you all lots of luck and hope you will all get it one day!
MaryApril 1st, 2015 at 3:12 PM
It is my perception and understanding that this is a safe place for target parents and kids with PAS to interact. So far I think you maybe the only PAS child. That should tell you something about how much the parent suffers. No parent here from what I have read doesn’t take responsibility for their own actions many acknowledge mistakes that they have made.Not everything is nor can always be about the child. The child is not the only person who suffers. When we are discussing adult children they are in fact adults now and the expectation is that they are accountable for their own actions just as parents are accountable for their actions. It is unexceptable and inappropriate for adult children to think that abusive behavior is OK because that is how they choose to vent their frustration and anger it is equally unexceptable for them to think that we have to stand there and take their abuse. No one parent or child should tolerate abuse period. Many of the parents in this blog are very good parents who were targeted unjustly by a controlling, vendictive ex- spouse they have sustained unsurmountable psychological damage and are attempting to come out of the wreckage whole. As targeted parents we don’t pretend to know how a PAS child feels we have been too busy dodging hurtful remarks from them and emotional cruelty. I do think it is always good to have your perspective as a PAS child but we all need to keep an open mind and not attach blame because both the child and the target parent are victims. The only one who doesn’t appear to be suffering is the person doing the targeting. Many parents have tried for years to establish a healthy relationship with the child but as the years wear on sometimes it just can’t be fixed. And it needs to be OK to accept that and move on for both parties. No one is perfect on either side we all make mistakes but forgiveness is essential in order to be happy. I have nothing but forgiveness for my child and I hope she will have forgiveness in her heart for me someday. I love her and me letting go will make us both happy. It is not my child’s responsibility to make me happy nor is it mine to make her happy. We have to do that all by ourselves. So you must not think that because we discuss our pain as a parent slights the suffering of the child because we love our children we just basically for some of us have simply ran out of options. I do want to thank you for your perspective because it is good hear the child’s view. You know we were all children once and we still are in God’s eyes and I do remember what it was like. God be with you and bless you everyday. Through him all things are possible.
George S YApril 3rd, 2015 at 8:33 PM
Dear Yolanda, Jennifer and Jimmy, Mary, and other contributors above,
I sincerely thank you for your contributions in the above. They have helped me enormously at a very difficult time. I will explain below.
The realization of what has happened and continues to happen in my relationship with my adult children is very new to me. I am 56 years old, and my adult children are victims of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS). I am also a victim of Parental Alienation (PA) as the Targeted Parent (TP). For many years I made the error to “take the high road” and have reached a point of unbearable hurt, not as much because of what the Alienating Parent (AP) did or continues to do, but because of what my adult children are doing to me now. In searching for help in the past month I learned what are PA, PAS, and only today came to realize what the initials TP and AP mean. It has taken me many years of self discovery and reflection to understand how we got to this point. I talk to my children, and it is evident there is underlying mutual love every time I see them. However, they avoid contact, “they are rude, ungrateful, spiteful and cold, and appear impervious to feelings of guilt about the harsh treatment” to which they subject me. They also have clear symptoms of the “independent thinker” and “borrowed scenarios”, and in my opinion it is evident there are “cult parallels” in the way they view their mother (I found these apt and succinct descriptions earlier today in Amy Baker’s writings). When I press my children for discussions to get to the bottom of this I am accused of having been an abusive parent in the past, but the specific examples are not convincing (see below). Then the children take me on a guilt trip about material possessions or finances (their mother has taught them that game), and break the conversations and meetings in tears or anger, leaving me perplexed on how to continue the healing process. Do I continue this strained and painful experience for them and for me, or do I press the children more to get to catharsis and possible rebuilding of a true relationship? If the latter choice is best, then how can I implement it?
Nothing is black or white: in my world everything is in shades of grey. I am not perfect, but my ex did write to her lover that I adore the children and would do anything for them. I was a good provider, recall with horror each one of the times I lost my temper and shouted at the kids (I probably recall more of them than they and their mother do), but I did work long hours and consequently spent much less time with the children than I should. I did what my own father did, and stupidly expected my ex wife to do what my mother did: to assure the children I loved them unconditionally and was doing all this to provide for them. Instead, my ex started the PA many years before the breakup. It is not black, and it is not white. It is various shades of grey.
I started my search about a month ago after years of hurt and coming to the realization that the relationship with the children is just not improving. I started by looking for how to help the children, and after some reading I realized that the children have now become my psychological abusers. The children are there to take financial support, and they exhibit occasional affection, but then sting with the worst venom imaginable. The venom varies in potency, but it is always there in various doses. It is absolutely lethal every time they spend time at their mother’s house, and gradually loses potency when they are away from their mother. The potency of the venom also varies by their age at the time of the divorce and the time they had with me as a father figure in the house. The less potent venom is by the eldest of three children, and the most potent by the youngest.
I am worried about the effects of PAS on my children’s future, but I am also beginning to worry about me. In the last three or four months the stress from interacting with the youngest child has begun to take a real toll on my health. In the last few weeks things got so bad I considered terminating the relationship in order to survive. This saddened me enormously, and has sent me into a spiral of depression and stress. I subsequently looked for help for PA parent victims. All I could find was various websites geared to help parents of young children with legal or child-access issues earlier on in the PA process than where I am with my children, and help for adult children suffering from PAS. As I kept reading I gained an even bigger appreciation that my children are victims, and they need help as much as I do, except they do not know it, and I do not know how to convince them to seek help. I then read some of the comments in this blog, and found that my case is not as extreme as others, just very hurtful; and that others like Jennifer and Jimmy and Mary have much worse experiences and have found terminal solutions that work for them. Finally Yolande’s comments drove another set of facts home. Yolande considers most PA and PAS websites are there to help parents, not the children; and (another wake up call for me) only a small minority of her comments are about how her now-deceased father might have felt.
The difference in perspectives is enlightening. I see others are fighting PA in parent-access through really wicked situations. My case appears mild in comparison, but it is not. What loving mother would alienate her children from a loving father? I took the high road and waited for my opportunity to develop the relationship with the children after they reached 18. I did not know PA was possible, and did not understand its long-term effects as it was happening earlier on, yet its effects are now devastating to me and my children.
I may find the courage to write more in the future. If I do not, please know that I hope all contributors to this blog find the peace we so desperately seek while we still have time on this earth.
YolandeApril 4th, 2015 at 1:34 PM
I find your comments hopefull. You have become aware of the situation and adress it with an open mind, which are the first steps of the healing process and acceptance. You wrote: “my children are victims, and they need help as much as I do, except they do not know it, and I do not know how to convince them to seek help.”.
Unfortunaltely you can not convince them as they would perceive it as you targetting their mother. If I may share, my enlightenment came from comments from outsiders when I was in my twenties such as: “why did you never seek to see your father?” Or ” but you only know your mother’s side of the story” . Also observation as an adult ( so from and adult point vue) of relationships and interactions with children of fathers. The ” awakening process was started”. If my father would not have passed away, I would probably have been ready to meet him when my 3 rd child was born, in my early 30s. So this is why I mentioned in my previous post that the TP need to be very patient has it takes time. Also , the wounds of the adult-children are very raw in the early stages of the awaking. The dose at which you are able to take in the truth is very small at a time.
I went to see therapists over several years so I could break free of my mother’s control and Brainwashing.
To deal with this alone is very difficult if not impossible. If I was to recommend one thing , it is to get support in your endeveour to learn , for you, to set boundaries and how to communicate with them So It is postive and factual and using the “I” in sentences.
I wish you all the strenght required to continu your journey and to hold on to one day having a positive relationship with your adult-children.
All the very best wishes.
MaryApril 5th, 2015 at 9:31 PM
I’m glad you found this place. I read your story and you hit the nail when you describe our situation as shades of gray. There is no black and white to this thing. Although each story is different in terms of severity they all have one common denominator pain and alienation. I want to begin by acknowledging Yolanda because I think what she is experiencing is very painful because by the time she was able to figure out what was happening to her she lost her father forever and there could be no reconciliation or even closure to the issue which must create tremendous guilt that children feel. Children always feel guilty when a divorce happens they some how feel it’s their fault when of course it isn’t there fault at all. This journey that we are on is definatly a hard one. The one thing that you and I have in common is that we are close to the same age and we are baby boomers. We were raised at a time when mothers stayed home, fathers were the bread winners, and divorce was rare. Then the sixties and seventies hit and there was flower power, women’s lib, and family structure changed forever. Mothers and fathers both worked and kids started going to daycare, divorce became more common I believe due to the stresses of trying to keep the same standard of life we enjoyed as kids for our own kids. In order to do that both parents have to work which really cuts into time spent with kids and even the energy level parents have to spend on there kids. Life literally beats couples up some are able to weather the storm others aren’t. I too have done so much soul searching to actually look at myself and to take ownership for my part in what happened with this scenario. First of all when I divorced my ex I really wasn’t thinking about the ramifications that would occur with my children I was thinking more of myself and my own happiness and survival. I was unhappy and stuck it out for 26 years. Then I remarried and allowed my ex to be the custodial parent thinking I was doing what was best for my kids (wrong!). The decision I made had serious consequences that I am now paying for. The proverbial hens have come home to roost so to speak. It has been unrealistic for me to believe that my kids would love me as unconditionally as I love them. In there eyes I left them even though they chose to stay with there father. You said your youngest seems to have more anger than the oldest and this is the same for me as well. I believe this is because they were emotionally and developmentally more immature. They were still too young to figure out just what happened to their family unit. Then the custodial parent steps in to comfort them and I think it’s human nature for that parent to interject their pain and anger into the child either unknowingly or intentionally. So the baby starts to become protective of the custodial parent and more resentful toward the parent that left. The anger and disconnect that my youngest feels for me I accept as I must for leaving. I love my kids and I blame them for nothing. It has been hard for me to see it through their eyes. Self reflection and taking responsibility for my part is painful but necessary in order to heal and become heathy. It’s sort of like when an alcoholic finally admits to themselves they are one. Apologizing to your kids for it may help you but it does little for them quite simply you can’t ever fix it. You can only roll with it. You have to have the patience of Jobe and try to remain as calm as you can. It is through this hurricane this storm that one finally reaches peace. For me it has been the acceptance of what this is that I can’t fix it that I have to allow my children the freedom to have their feelings whatever they may be about me or for me. To put what I want or wish for in terms of a relationship aside because if they don’t want it then I can’t force it because what happens are mercy visits and obligations that they feel are a duty and not a pleasure. I can see my kids anytime I want to if I pay to see them and I have before. I can bribe them with shopping if I get so desperate to see them I can’t stand it. The thing is that their dad has a lot of money and he buys them they are both adults and he continues to make car payments, pay for clothes, trips, etc. things I can’t afford. So if you were young who would you choose the gravy train or unconditional love? Most kids choose money and fun. My kids aren’t verbally abusive they are just evasive and disconnected. They remind me of the song “the cats in the cradle and the silver spoon” I think they love me and I am grateful for what little time they choose to give me but I no longer choose to dwell and live for those moments I just accept what I get and roll with it. I can’t compete with Willy Wonka I don’t have that kind of money. I guess what I am saying is by accepting what I can’t change has helped me see that their is peace and beauty in letting go of it. I have a full and meaningful life with or without them. They are grown now they are in charge of driving their bus wherever they want to and if they don’t want to drive it to this bus station that is their choice and their right. We are at an age where we are beginning the reflective stage of life where we begin to review all of our past to see what we’ve done wrong and what we could have done better and maybe we fear growing old and being alone but even kids who are engaged and close to their parents often don’t visit they just put them in a home and see them when it’s convienent. Children today are a very different breed than we can relate to. Their all about texting.Compassion, empathy, forgiveness etc. aren’t part of their ethical make up. If they aren’t happy they move on. I say this because I see it in the work place. They are task oriented and not critical thinkers. There are maybe a few but not the majority. They are all about social networking and friends the last thing they want to do is spend time with old people. I am sure my parents probably felt this way about my generation. Although I never treated my mother the way I am being treated but then I was never the product of a divorce and that totally changes the game for a child. So having said all of this basically you just have to take it one day at a time and do what is right for you. We all have different coping mechanisms and what works for one may not work for someone else. Being active, having hobbies, and enjoying friends helps tremendously. The most important thing I feel is to never make your kid feel guilty because they don’t want to come over. I just roll with it and pray that someday they will have a change of heart although I am not expecting it. I hope my experience in dealing with this will some how help you in your journey although mine may be different. I have a lot of faith in God and trust in him that this journey I am on is his will for me a lesson I must learn. May God bless you and give you the strength and guidance you need at this time in your life.
YolandeApril 6th, 2015 at 1:05 PM
Hello Mary and George,
You sound like someone who adresses this the right way. If I may , I would just like to clarify a misconception that I have read often. I have never felt any guilt for having felt the emotions I did during the time I suffered from PAS. Little children may feel guilt when witnessing arguments between parents, especially those which start about different vues about raising the children. This was not my case as I never met my father, nor witness this type of arguments, even though he lived in the same city. The emotions I was going through have always been fear of my mother the AP ( better be on her side otherwise life would have been even worst than what it was), fear of abandonment, rejection, fear of rejection, Sadness. I could add that there was a period when I was angry at him for not taking me away from my crazy mother (she is mentally ill – severe paranoia, narcissistic personality, severe anxiety….I have wondered if she is not borderline personality). She was manipulative. But in those years, the judges always prefered the mother to take care of the child….good that things have changed.
I would fear my mother’s anger and I would be the little angel child to avoid beatings and her rage. she was so good at hiding what she was doing. No one would have known. There was my public mother and then the mother behind closed doors . she would play her game so well that everyone would tell that my mother is a good person that had such a hard life as a single parent. But they did not know what was going on behind closed doors.
My mother would say that my father was a mean, irresponsible individual that was a schizophrenic and that he was evil. She would then tell me when she would be her rages that I was the spit image of my father…..for sure there was a time, before I understood, I would never have wanted to associate with my father …that was during my PAS period. I was brainwashed.
When I was a child my mother threatened me by saying: If you go see your father or his family, you will never be able to come back here, I don’t want you anymore….
If you take a moment and see how hung by the throat a child would be in those circonstances and how painfull it is to hear from the only parent you have ever known. Of course , I would not ever admit to anyone that I wanted to see my father….who would take that risk when you are a child.
You as TP do not know of the strategies that the AP was using and the level of brainwashing your kids went through. They are very hurt and it will take a lifetime to heal from the PAS effects. Early on once they start figuring out what the AP was doing, there is a lot of emotional confusion. That period is very critical in how you respond to them. As I said earlier when you realize what has been happening, you do feel angry toward the TP as you feel they where not there when you needed to be saved from this horrible situation. A good thing is that with time anger goes away and is replaced by sadness….this is when as an healing PAS adult-child you need a really good support system as it would be easy to fall into depression. I was lucky to have a wonderfull husband and great kids that reminded me every day that although my child life was a total chaos and nightmare, they were there and worth living for! I personnally found my strenght to overcome this through them.
I hope that sharing my experience , althought your kids is surely different, will provide some insight into the emotional chaos, identity spin ( your 50 dad and 50 mom but you are yourself), pain and task ahead they have to surmount ( all PAS adult-children share the same effects at various level, it is very well documented in Baker’s research).
Wishing you a good day!
MaryApril 6th, 2015 at 5:10 PM
I am so glad you responded back today. You have been on my mind. I am grateful to you for sharing your perspective from a child’s eyes. It upsets me that your mother was so cruel and that she kept you from your father. I had no idea how involved your story was . I just want to say that I can’t imagine how much fear and pain you must have endured and never really understanding why this has happened to you an innocent bystander of something you had no control over. I have always been loving and nurturing to my girls I have never shown anger or frustration when they won’t come and see me. I usually just cry. It is hard because mother’s always want to fix it and make it better but this requires more than a kiss and a band-aide. It requires patience and time. I don’t want my girls to ever be made to feel guilty by me because they spend so little time with me. I am trying to do the best I can to give them the space they need to think things through. I am keeping busy to keep my mind occupied as much as possible. I think you are doing great! You have made marvelous stride in working through this abuse. I bet you are a wonderful mother having gone through this experience. It has been hard for me to take a good look at myself and own my part in my kids pain but it is healthy to hold myself accountable. I am glad you are here and that you are helping us to understand. I will pray for you and I will also pray for your mother because she needs it the most she is very ill. I hope to hear from you again. You really are a blessing!
YolandeApril 7th, 2015 at 4:11 AM
When I read your posts, you sound like a good person and a good mother. My case was severe. There are milder case , i hope your children were affected by the milder level of PAS.
As I mentionned in my previous post TP do not know the level of brainwashing and Alienation the other parent is doing. For sure at any level it will affect the child self-esteem and trust.
In my case , trust is very difficult. I will test relationships to see if in deed the person really cares….and if I am not sure, I will keep my distance. I do this to protect myself from hurt. In my case, It has been 6 years since I met my father’s 2 nd wife. I saw her once. She was extremely nice an emphatic….but I do not think I will see her again. I have met 2 cousins and one is 3 months younger than me. The first time we met is as if we always knew each other…I will see her for the 2nd time this summer. After 3 years. She would call early on after we met, but I found myself finding reasons not to talk to her. I think it was a mixture of irrational fear, she is a stranger after all…..and protecting my self from some of the pain when she would tell me memories about my father and how good he was….that is very painfull to hear!
We have been exchanging ” likes” on our facebooks posts. And happy birthdays. She is very patient and let me live the distance I need to learn to trust and build confidence in our relationship. She is always happy to hear from me.
MaryApril 7th, 2015 at 11:38 AM
You have no idea how much I appreciate what you have been able to share with me. I agree with you. I have no idea what my ex and his wife have been telling my girls. I found out this week end that my oldest daughter flew in from Boston to visit and she never told me and left without seeing me. It has been 7 months since I have seen her. She texted me on Easter to wish me a happy easter it took every thing I had not to tell her I knew about her visit because I didn’t want her to feel guilty but it hurt me my heart aches all the way to the bone. I can’t help thinking about Christ when he was suffering and nailed to the cross he was so thirsty and a roman soldier dipped a cloth in some vinegar and moistened his lips. He showed compassion and mercy to him for his suffering. I feel as if I am being crucified but there is no mercy for me. No wet cloth, no compassion. I ask God how many years must I endure this pain? How long before I have paid for my sins? There is no relief and no answer. It may be for eternity. If it his his will then I must withstand this because he gives us no more than we are able to take.i continue to pray for my girls and all of us you, George, Marie, Jennifer, and myself that God in his tender Mercy will heal our hearts and give us wisdom on how to help our children in the right way. I understand perfectly the trust issues you have afte dealing with a mother who abused all trust you could have. You have to test the water to make certain it is safe first. Our minds create protective filters to protect us from psychological harm. We are fragile emotionally. It is a defense mechanism that God has given us to protect us from incapacitating psychological harm. I think it is awesome that you have been able to connect with your fathers side of the family. Do you realize how much courage that took and what a huge step toward healing that was. I am so proud for you. If you get a chance and you have some titles to some books on PAS I would love to get some so that I can become more educated. I think that may help me have a better understanding. I think PAS is so new that it is uncharted territory. I think there will be a lot more on it in the future. Keep me posted and pray for me if you feel like it I can really use it. God bless you Yolannde these chats are so helpful!
alienated mumApril 8th, 2015 at 12:02 AM
im going through it too and had zero contact with my kids for 2 years as he lingers any kind of divorce settlement so i have to rent a tiny house not big enough for kids anyway.. i was a stay at home mum.. not a high earner.. its tough making ends meet too…for me the ONLY thing that gets me through is the love from my new partner… i left my ex as we had zero love. this is the price of having a loving relationship for me. i never expected my lunatic ex to poison all my kids coz ive left him at last.. he must be so ill inside… dont you think.. not capable of love only revenge and hate
MaryApril 8th, 2015 at 12:16 PM
I totally agree. This PAS is so complicated. As Yolande and Marie said earlier ther aren’t very many therapists that know how to treat this in all of its different levels because the children’s ages range from very young to adult and I’m guessing there has to be different stratigies for ages parents and children. I was talking to my husband last night about my ex and I told him that I feel like for the past 13 years he has programmed them against me and this is due to his subtle passive aggressive indoctrination of negative remarks targeted at me. My problem had evolved over time. He still keeps them dependent on him for money and they are 28 and 26 years old. In reading about PAS just what I am able to find via the internet this is how the alienating parent keeps them close and bound to them. As Yolande says you have no idea what he is saying about you to them. As the targeted parent all you can do is always be nice to them and very patient when and if yo see them. Don’t show anger, frustration, or make them feel guilty if you can. They are being brainwashed and programmed into believing something that isn’t true. They try to convienent them that you are crazy especially since you chose to leave him because after all your ex thinks he is perfect so you must be insane for leaving him or at least that is what I think has happened in my case. I was married for 26 years I had no idea until I met my now husband what being married to a real man was like. I have never been loved by anyone like he loves me and I him. He is amazing. I have a great relationship with his children and even his ex- wife. His ex- wife and I are even friends and we all do things together there is no vendictive jealousy. To have the maturity and the ability to bring two families together after a divorce is awesome instead of fragmenting them and using coercion to poison children against a parent just because they decided to make a life change that would result in their happiness. My contention is that if he ever really loved me then he would want me to be happy and he couldn’t be doing to me and my kids. My current husband has never said one negative thing about the mother of his children to me or his kids. He treats her with respect when we have family get togethers and her and I talk like magpies when we see each other. I know this is rare but it is proof that divorce can be handled in a positive fashion once the initial pain subsides. Surf the internet and look up PAS I was reading last night about attorneys that specialize in PAS during custody battles. They also recommend you keep a diary for everytime you seek visitation and you are refused. This establishes a pattern and provides dates and documentation of the event. Try not to ever lose your cool because then your ex can say “See I told you she was crazy” if you haven’t seen th in two years prepare yourself for the worst so that you won’t appear upset if they are rejecting. Yes it hurts but remember it isn’t the child’s fault put the blame where it belongs. Try to do a self evaluation and be brutally honest with yourself to acknowledge what your contributions have been to the situation. When I left although my girls were teenagers and they chose to stay I know they must have felt that I abandoned them and for that I feel nothing but guilt. But I can’t fix that all I can do is move forward and keep telling them that I love them. Yolande is a survivor child of PAS and she was heartbroken because she wanted her father to take him with her instead she was left with a very hurtful mother and I am putting that mildly. What the alienating parent doesn’t ever get in their self serving egotistical mind is that they are psychologically hurting their children to get to you. For some ithet can be relentless and abusive and it’s unending. I will say some prayers for you as this has become my evening routine to pray for all of us. May God show you the way through this dark tunnel and into the light of his tender mercies for he loves us all.
Marie CApril 6th, 2015 at 12:56 PM
Thank you All for the comments. The problem I find is that therapist are ill equipped in understanding the enormous amount of pain that alienating parents feel and continue to experience.
I am middle age – divorced – and sacrificed my own personal romantic life because of the two daughters who are now adults.
My father who was my true loving parent died 10 years ago — and I am left with an NPD ( Narcissistic Personality Disorder) mother, brother and Ex -Husband who are now complicit in the sick delusions, lies and manipulations of the NPD world and have successfully alienated both daughters. My youngest is pulled for periods of time to join the cult like behavior. My oldest daughter began to truly manifest hate, jealousy, and disdain for my relationship with my youngest and towards me — a few years ago. She became involved with a young man, who I initially considered to be well intentioned. Unfortunately, I think he has ulterior motives and has utilized this family dysfunction to his advantage.
The oldest daughter is portraying her own NPD characteristics and is influencing her youngest sister.
I feel so completely alone and if it wasn’t for my dear life long friends –life would be impossible.
I have become physically ill from the enormous amount of stress involved.
But I resolve to continue to heal from all this unjustified abusive behavior. We must look within and release the negative energy that is being unjustly given to us and internalized. We must learn to work through the pain and combat the negative with love for ourselves and others.
I will pray for All of us — who are suffering from the people we Love the most — our CHILDREN!
YolandeApril 6th, 2015 at 5:30 PM
You are right about therapists. PA and PAS are very difficult and complicated issues. I read a library of self help and psychology books to educate myself. And saw 3 therapist over time, at 24 ( when i learned my father had died), at 34-35 ish and around 42. Everytime I broke through milestones. At 50, i feel i spent my whole life figuring this out, healing the damage on myself, learning to set boundaries, picking up my own mistakes as a parent, and I could go on. All this learning and work is well worth it because I am so much happier now. I have accepted this as being a lifetime self therapy.
The best I got from all that work was to find a cousin ( my father was her godfather). She is 3 months younger than me and he had a close relationship with her. I get to know him through her. She wants me to get togheter with our other cousins this summer for dinner. 50 years, half a century and I will meet them for the 1 st time. They are my family! I am so happy that they kept an open mind and want to meet me. It is all worth it.
AlanaApril 19th, 2015 at 3:49 PM
Yolande, that’s exactly what happened in my husbands case (I’m pretty sure my husbands ex also has borderline personality disorder) but it may help to understand it from the perspective of the non alienator. While it’s fantastic that you’ve successfully raised your own children, the difference between parenting in a non PA environment and an extreme PA environment is like chalk and cheese. I work as a counsellor and have first hand experience of how impossible it can be for parents to just “work it out” when one parent has a mental illness or disorder and is hell bent on destroying the child/parent bond and refuses to look after their children’s basic needs. I’ve also seen just how much damage my husbands ex wife has done to my husbands relationship with their children. While we have tried to address this in court twice, today my husband chose to stop. He has been the target of such extreme abuse by both his ex wife and children (particularly his eldest daughter)that over a period of 10 years he has developed PTSD which is triggered constantly because of the conflict (Those with BPD often thrive on conflict and therefore are very invested in that conflict continuing). It’s important to know that the rejected parent very rarely decides to walk away from their child/ren unless they have exhausted all other options. I don’t think it’s so much about selfishness or an inability to accept responsibility but often just a necessary means of survival
MaryApril 19th, 2015 at 7:37 PM
I think you have hit on a very realistic point. At what point is it safe to say it’s time to let it go? How will we be judged for giving up. Am I a bad mother because I no longer have the strength to fight it? No matter how hard I try to let them go my brain can’t separate this thing from my heart. How long will it take before it quits hurting? I think our children are so young and influenced by the alienating parent that they have no choice. If they don’t comply they feel they risk the loss of financial support, love from the alienating parent, their self esteem is tied up in there too. They simply have to Agee with the abuser in order to survive they can’t even say they enjoy spending time with the targeted parent for fear of retaliation. It’s such an impossible situation that becomes futile. It’s a pain that is inconsolable. Am I kidding myself when out loud I say I give up but my heart says never give up. For me I think it’s too late. The chapters have been written and the book finished. I really have no options my kids are grown and I am only allowed what I call mercy visits. Do you know how degrading that feels. I am tired, too tired to fight. If I say anything about it it pushes them further away. I just try my best to muddle through and be patient. Am I a fool for hoping against hope? Probably. I see myself becoming bitter and angry with this frustration I have. Not with my kids but with this situation. I think you are correct in saying if you choose to let go it gives the abuser nothing to do and I think in some sick twisted way that is how they stay connected to you. If they can’t torture you anymore I think it frustrates them even more. I think by being the abuser they receive a a lot of secondary gain by posing as victims. They weave their web and convince their family and friends that they are the victim while all the while they are brainwashing your kids against you. I find myself praying a lot. As for me I think it’s too late I am destined to forever be in this situation probably until the end of my days. I don’t think my kids give me a second thought. It’s ever so sad. I pray for us all who have been damaged by this pawn game because we are pawns used as puppets by very manipulative, narcissistic, passive aggressive, sadistic, mean spirited, individuals that use their children to make the targeted parent pay for not loving them anymore. I have no idea what damage this has done to my kids. They appear to be happy but then they are really strangers to me at this point. I really don’t know who they are. I only see what they choose to let me see. May God Bless you and your husband and guide you through him all things are possible.
AlanaApril 21st, 2015 at 1:50 AM
Mary, this is something I think each individual has to come to terms with on their own as each situation is so unique. It’s also been something my husband and I have been guided through with the support of a supervision counsellor (counsellors also get counselling)who has had experience with BDP as well as working with families. From personal experience however, I feel the following questions should guide the decision making process in regards to staying or going. Firstly have you tried all options available, mediation, counselling, court etc?. Secondly, are you really ready to give up??, deep down can you really accept the possibility that you may never have a relationship with your child/ren and be able to come to a place of acceptance with that? Thirdly, are you really ready to create a different life for yourself if you do choose to go? Fourthly, is your children’s emotional health suffering more by having you in their lives or more by NOT having you in your lives? (i.e which is the lesser evil) Fifth is your own emotional health starting to suffer to the point where you’ve developed mental illness or the alienation is severely impacting on your parenting?. Lastly, what does your own moral compass say? If it was your best friend in your situation would you advise them to go or to stay?
P.S There are some things that can be done to help treat children who have been subjected to PA. The most effective include dialogue therapy and inner child therapy (basically looking at what age the child or adult child is stuck at and finding ways of meeting the child’s need in terms of attachment.
MaryApril 21st, 2015 at 12:04 PM
Alana I think these are all great questions. I can’t speak for others but as for myself I can’t really answer them. If I could I probably would not be on this blog. It is sort of like asking a person who is depressed “why are you depressed?” Often times they can’t really pinpoint why.. I think since every situation is so very different with only a few common denominators this is something very difficult for therapists to address. I think most of us here are all going through Kubler Ross’ stages of grief. Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, all of these we seem to be stuck on going back and forth with these emotions and yes the final stage is acceptance. I think that is what many of us have a problem dealing with. The next thing that has to be said is. We are real people with true heartache not a clinical case that ends up as a statistic in some book somewhere. We come here to find some validation, acceptance , and comfort in knowing we aren’t alone. There is no blame, shame, or rejection here. It is a safe haven for voices to be heard who rarely get heard . This syndrome is a journey that each one of us must face alone because the road is different for everyone. No two situations are exactly the same and yet similar. It is through tolerance, patience, compassion, caring, and kindness that we are able to help each other. Above all listening to what is written by others from their perspective, thoughtful self-evaluation including ones faults and making them transparent to yourself first before others, and genuine heartfelt concern for others experiencing this nightmare. For many this may never be resolved and they know it but they still want to talk about it. If your arm or leg is cut off you still have phantom pain you still feel it even though the limb is no longer there. So basically for some of us we just want to let these various stages of grieving to have a forum to be expressed with no expectation that it can be fixed necessarily.
There is one element that can never be destroyed for any of us and that is HOPE!
KelleyApril 29th, 2015 at 3:05 PM
Hello all, I just came across this article as I was trying to do some research on how to proceed with my stepdaughter. I only recently found out what PAS is, but after reading everything I am confident that this is what my stepdaughter has. Her mother (AP) and my husband (TP) have been separated since before she was born, so she has no recollection of them as a couple. The relationship between the two parents has always been strained and there have been countless court hearings over child custody. It’s important to note that the mother has also been diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder by the court psychiatrists. Regardless, the courts have always sided favorably with the mother, as they do in most cases, so the AP has remained the custodial parent for the entire time (excluding one time where she phsically assaulted my husband and he was granted emergency custody). My stepdaughter is now 16, and over the past 6 months she has been showing an increasing amount of contempt and disrespect towards her father. She makes absolutely no effort of a relationship with him and only calls when she wants money.
About 6 months ago, a major event happened where we took her on a vacation and she ran away from us and went missing. Apparently she called her mother and stepfather, to which they advised her to runaway and they would come get her. We only found this out after we called the local police and they called her mother to get her my SDs location. The police located her and gave her the choice of going home with us or going to jail for being a runaway. They also gave my husband the choice of having her arrested, or being released back to us. He chose to have her released back to us. Obviously, the 7 hour drive back home after that was very emotional with lots of tears and yelling. She never really gave us a straight answer as to why she did that, but said she was only following directions of her mom and stepdad. During that drive home though, she started spewing off all the “horrible things” my husband has done over the years and telling him why everything was his fault. That’s when we discovered she’s been straight lied to over the past 16 years by her mom. When my husband started to counter her mom’s lies with the truth, she went ballistic- accusing him of manipulating her and sayin “my mom would never lie to me, she’s perfect!” It was absolutely sickening. My husband even has several court documents from back in the day that prove her mom is lying, but she refuses to see them.
Fast forward to when we get back home, both my husband and I made several attempts at contacting her and she told my husband to leave her alone and blocked him from calling her anymore. He went to one of her sporting events at school to show support and 2 days later he was served with a restraining order request. The restraining order request was ridiculous and was dismissed when it went to court. Then for about 2 months there was absolutely no contact with her at all. Just over the past couple of months, she has started to call her dad again, but ONLY when she wants money for something. Even though he pays her mom plenty of child support each month, he usually does give her extra money when she asks because he feels that’s the only way he can have a relationship with her. When does give her money, there’s never a “thank you” or anything.
Now just over this past weekend he finally put his foot down and told her he won’t be giving her any extra money unless she comes over or makes an attempt to involve him in her life. He then reminded her that he gives her mom money every month so if she needs money for something, it should be taken from child support. He told her how he feels like she’s taking advantage of him and that she’s been treating him really crummy lately, and her only response was to tell him that HE was being rude. She feels absolutely no remorse or guilt about anything. She started to say again how he’s manipulating her and talks about her mom ( the only “negative” things he has ever said about her mom in front of her is when he pointed out the lies she has been told over the years). She has all the symptoms of PAS- she excuses her mom’s attrocious behavior, vehemently denies that her mom has done anything wrong or that has mom has ever lied to her, blames my husband for everything p, and treats him like dirt with no sign of guilt. He sent her an article on parent alienation and just asked her to read it, and she once again blocked him from contacting her anymore.
My main concern and my main question is this: how can we fix this before she reaches adulthood? She has some major life events coming up that would kill my husband to be excluded from. He desperately wants to have a relationship with her and he has been so upset lately. To make matters worse, the AP has been heedless in having her new husband replace the father role.
Please send me suggestions on how we can move forward with this. Does PAS kids ever realize what has been done to them?
MaryApril 29th, 2015 at 8:22 PM
I hear you and feel your husbands pain. Your stepdaughter has been methodically and strategically over time programmed and brainwashed. She feels no guilt because she feels that what ever she gets from your husband she is entitled to. He may never be able to have a relationship with her unless he is relentless in withstanding her abuse. My children are in there late twenties. I have been basically astranged from them for the last ten years. Excluded from many milestone events. My relationship consists of occasional mercy visits and nothing more. My children are strangers to me. I have gone through every emotion from anger to depression and now finally acceptance. Many targeted parents reach the same conclusion only when it is right for them. Unfortunately it could be many years before your husbands daughter is mature enough to realize what has happened to her. Remember children of PAS feel defensive and protective of the parent doing the alienating out of fear that this parent wil quit loving them. How is a child supposed to react to that? For survival they succom to this parent. Remember no matter how horrible their behavior, no matter how much it hurts it really isn’t the kids fault. There is a good book that I am reading called “Surviving Parent Alienation ” The last chapter has some helpful stratigies that could possibly help. There are no guarentees for me it’s too late. I love my kids but I no longer feel the same as I once did toward them. The years of abuse from them have forever changed me. I now seek peace and have actually moved into a more satisfying life that no longer revolves around them. When I do hear from them I am polite and pleasant like any extended relative would be. I do not feel close to them only more like an acquaintance and truthfully I am OK with it. I never thought that time would come but it has. It’s weird I know but years of this gets you here. Since your stepdaughter is still so young perhaps professional counciling would help you and your husband with how to better deal with this issue. It takes a lot of time, patience, and endurance to go the distance. In the book I suggested you read the parents that were able to break through were the ones that never gave up. Unfortunately those are rare. The propaganda these kids are polluted with at such an early age is almost impossible to undo. I do know that as parents and just being a human being we must demand respectful treatment from others including our own children. Because they are our children does not give them the right to be verbally or physically abusive to us. During those times one must learn the right way to defuse that behavior. I also think it is important to not always be available when they want or so ready with the cash when they want. For me it’s about taking back the control and no longer taking abuse or manipulation by them due to the guilt I have had. There is no better person to manipulate than a person who feels guilt you can bend them anyway you want and they will take it. The best recommendation I can give to you is get every book on PAS you can get your hands on so that you can understand what you are dealing with. It’s affirming and gives a name to what you have been experiencing. It’s a shame it has to be this way I see no reason why two parents that loved each other once can’t be kind enough and respect each other enough to love their child enough to instill the good in them of each parent. To make a child choose one parent over the other should be considered child abuse but it isn’t it’s perfectly acceptable in our society especially during and after divorce. I wish only the best for you and your husband as you walk this long road together you will need each other so embrace each other and support each other. Find the answer to what happiness will be for you and don’t let people tell you what normal should be for you. Most of them have not dealt with PAS and they have preconceived ideas about what they think your lfe should be. I have learned over time to completely remove negative so called friends and even family from my life. Why would I want to spend time with or associate with people that make me feel bad. I am almost 60 and my time on this earth is getting shorter I don’t have the time to be unhappy and mistreated.
Best of luck to you and I will pray for you and your husband there is always hope if not for resolution at least acceptance.
A sad MomMay 1st, 2015 at 3:09 AM
I am a parent who suffers from PAS. My son is 18 now…has another sibling by my second marriage who he adores and for 3 years now refuses to have contact with us besides Christmas And her birthday. My son through his father, fathers family, and his stepmother’s family (who do not know me or my family) have initiated and been successful with PAS. My son acted in very poor behavior not only at home but in school, up to becoming aggressive verbally to a male teacher. This 18 year old young man believes that he was abused by me, my husband, his children, and every single one of my family members, regardless if they had long term to minimal interaction. Which is not true….but his fathers family went as far as entering into my home when I was not present or agreed to their coming in and “inspecting my home” or going to the school and removing my son and taking him to children services to support abuse allegations. Need I say in court they stated no abuse had been initiated but the relationship with my son was so difficult I had no choice but to agree for him to go live with his dad because he had become aggressive to us physically. I can not see my son, talk to him on phone, or text with him that he does not bring up information that is inaccurate or he was not involved in. It is sad.
I sacrificed my life for this child, cared for him 24-7, protected him from his dad when he was physically abusive to us, and when his dad would say “you wanted him you had him you take care of him”…,it was me always there. Now today I am the enemy…no relationship…and it started long ago ten years ago when I received a text message from my ex saying I have one last thing left to take from you. Eventually those words played out to be true after he kept my possessions, made me homeless, and destroyed our sons ideas of me being his mom. And I speak from large lawyer bills….the courts do nothing but keep reiterating we have placed a decree follow it. Yes that is very upstanding theory….but when push comes to shove nothing is ever done to stop PAS.
MaryMay 1st, 2015 at 4:47 PM
My heart goes out to you. I wish there were words to ease your pain but there are none. There isn’t much you can do when the child is now a young man and they have become aggressive. The only thing you can do is be as kind as you can and prove the alienators wrong. Find as much comfort and strength in God’s words. This thing is a pain that aches your heart to the core. Time heals it but it takes years. To find happiness in loving those who give back is the best medicine and ironically the best revenge for your ex. Their goal is to rob you of it and if they do then they win. My hope is that someday my kids will somehow remember in the dark recesses of their minds the love and all the wonderful things I did for them as they were growing up. I will say this thing has taken it’s toll on me. I no longer have that warm fuzzy feeling for them I used to, years of alienation has changed my affection for them. I love them but I have a life that is full and busy and sadly doesn’t include them. I no longer wait by the phone for their becon call. I really don’t want to anymore. I guess my give a damn just got up and went. It would take a large investment on their part at this point for me to re-engage in more than a superficial Hi how are ya relationship. I look at this way they are going to think what they want to think and no amount of discussion will convince them otherwise. So why put myself through it. The knife cuts both ways and that is one thing they forget. After years of this PAS and the many tears shed you reach an emotional indifference and surprisingly it takes all the power they thought they had over you away. I am by no means recommending this for you or anyone other than myself. It works for me. Part of what your situation may be teenage rebellion. Kids act out as they are striving toward independence. They are trying to cut the apron strings so to speak. I would almost bet that your ex may be experiencing some of the same rebellion you are at this time. He is only 18 and trying to figure out what his place is in this life. By not making demands and listening more than advising or mothering him may help. Acknowledge as much as you can his feelings in a non judgemental way will take you far. Treat him as an adult not your baby and he will notice. We all see our kids as our babies because to us they always will be but for them that is the one thing that drives them away. I pray that your pain will be eased and that your son will find his way back to you. May God Bless!
DevastatedDecember 7th, 2015 at 1:55 PM
I know exactly what you are going through. My son turned 18 in April. His father tried to get custody of him 4 yrs ago so he can stop paying child support and get support from me. He had child services sent to my apartment and lied on the subpoena to get us in family court. My son was abusive to me for months. His father kept pounding into my sons head that he was going to save my son from me. My son was convinced I was the devil. Of course my ex lost. After I had to try to repair the relationship my son and I once had. For the next four years his father continued to bad mouth me to my son. His father told him when he turns 18 he is going to live with him. My son said his father was so angry that he was afraid of his father. However that did not stop my son from leaving the day of his H.S graduation. His father didn’t show up for all of his awards or to see him compete but to take him from me he showed.I was there through the good the bad and the ugly. None of it mattered to my son. He had his moments were he would cry and apologize for listening to his father. He would even say he wanted to stay. My son told me if he leaves his father will stop torturing him. The last thing I told my son in August 2015 was I know you have left but don’t you let ANYONE ruin our relationship. He cried and said that he wouldn’t. My son has since removed me from social media, stop answering my calls and even got a new phone while I continued to pay for the old one. He told me he did not want to see me or talk to me anymore and he hasn’t. His father is taking me to court next month to pay child support. No one will help me. If your child is 18 and you cannot afford an attorney you are basically screwed. I have reached out and done so much research. I feel like the only thing left to do is pray.
MaureenMay 3rd, 2015 at 2:26 AM
I am up again at 2:00 in the morning when I should be asleep worrying and scouring the web for relief from the pain of PAS. This blog has been very helpful and I especially appreciate the message from Yolanda getting the perspective of a child who is recovering from PAS. It gives me hope and helps me remember it’s not their fault.
When seeking help for this I realized my situation was unique in that my estrangement was only emotional. My husband and I had my son more of the time than the AP but since we were the sole financial support my sons father had to make sure to not have that stop. His PAS was constant while he was with my soN, forgoing play dates and many outings to have more time to brainwash. I spent $150,000.00 trying to fight for custody once I found out my son was vomitting at his dads for no reason. The court did nothing except opening up my son to the PAS kicking into high gear and that was when my son started to pull away from us emotionally. Anyway fast forward to now he is at college at our expense and my son is having many social issues and I constantly worry about his ability to have a future. Our trip to visit was a mixture of forced good moments, spending too much money on him to that look of hatred in his eyes trying to pick a fight. Then of course the call from his father that he had to take for 15 minutes even though we were visiting from across the country and waiting in a line to see a show. That was followed by the sullen look throughout the entire show. Tonight was another call for money. Anyway we all know how hard it is to explain, how you distance yourself from people who can’t understand and how the pain is so excruciating you don’t know if you can go on. I’m so fortunate to have a wonderful man in my life who has been a great step father and amazing support for me but I am seeing his pain become more pronounced lately and that is hard for me to watch knowing all he gave to him from the age of 4 to now 22 and the crumbs he gets back. I am trying to fill my life and as Yolanda says and I have read elsewhere “never give up” on my son but at times I feel like the abused girlfriend again by taking his insults and ignoring them for his sake. It’s so hard, I’m going on with my life and trying to fill it knowing all the happiness I could be experiencing with my son may never be part of it. Thank you all again for your powerful shares.
MaryMay 3rd, 2015 at 11:56 AM
It sounds as if you and your husband are doing all the right things. He has to know deep down how much you love him. I think that some of it has to do with their ages to a certain degree. I have friends that have never divorced and their kids pretty much want to be left alone. They are trying to grow up and they want to be independent but they can’t quite manage it financially. I think sometimes it bothers them that they have to ask for money. People have told me that when they reach their thirties they start to figure it all out. Just be patient and kind with every encounter and it’s important to not give advice or be judgemental. Yolande really drives home the fact that the true person suffering is the child. Can you imagine being torn between two parents that you love. It’s like the story in the bible where the two women were fighting over a baby and went before King Solomon for resolution. His judgement was to split the baby in half at that time the true mother said no don’t do that let the other woman have him. That was when King Solomon knew the real mother of the baby and gave the baby to her. In many ways this story parallels what we experience rather than split the child we think of what is best for our child and not what makes us happy. So we give in. If we do our best to put their happiness above our own no matter how painful I believe if not in this life in the next life we will be rewarded..
MaggieMay 11th, 2015 at 12:07 PM
I am seeking information:
I am a single parent who relied too heavily on my own mother to help me with my child.
At the time I was a teenage mother.
As I matured I realized my own mother was doing things I couldn’t understand but I sensed were wrong.
I tried several times over the course of my life to escape her clutches.
Unfortunately during all these years of an on and off relationship with my Mother. My own Mother has gained a relationship with her grand daughter and I have lost the relationship with my daughter.
My own Mother took parental authority without it being given to her. At first I just thought how wonderful it was to have help me being a single mom. I didn’t realise I was unknowingly allowing her parental authority even over me the parent.
Over all of these years my Mother has been alienating me from my daughter without cause. I feel so stupid because I didn’t see what she has been doing all along. I was just thinking it is my fault because I allowed my Mother too much parental control.
I fear I have lost my daughter because my Mother has manipulated my daughter into believing horrible lies.
ParisJune 6th, 2015 at 6:35 AM
Interesting article. But here is a different poin of view.
I was raised by two strong willed and narcissistic in different ways parents in a bipolar family. Obviously, they divorced. It took them seven years of nasty horrible fights before they divorced. Both talked bad about the other. Their personalities are very opposit and that had caused many problems for us kids. First, my older brother. The only boy in the family. My brother was my mom’s angel from heaven. By far, her favorite. My father on the other hand, had very high expectations from him. He was not happy with my brother’s decision to leave country and drop out of university where he was studying to become an engineer to follow my father’s footsteps. Because he hoped for his son to take over his engineering firm. So, he allenieted my brother. Told him he is no longer his son and didn’t want to have anything to do with him if he leaves the county. My brother did and it took many years before they even talked to each other over the phone. And many more years later before they saw each other. That did not go well. My father had very unrealistic expectations from my brother. A typical narcissistic dad for him. I on the other hand, became his favorite. His golden child. We understood each other. He respected my decisions and supported me. My decisions were passing all his expectations. As a girl, learning three langauges, becoming a doctor, and listening to his advises were more than he expected.
But to my mother, I was a forgotten and invisible child. She never paid any attention to me. As the middle child, I became very independent, but never really felt loved by my mom. I was her scapegoat and my siblings were her golden children. My mother never liked me. Never bonded with me. Criticized my every move and was ashamed by me, being too simple. She wanted the shallow, pretty, Barbie like daughter who shows money. She wanted a kardashian. I was a Hillary Clinton. I am a minimalist who prefer a simple and green lifestyle.
Now my younger sister, now 41, is just like my mother and forever her baby and another golden child. A typical narcissist. Seeking attention in every occasion. Self loving and selfish in many ways. Believing they are better, more beautiful and superior than everybody else. No education, yet feeling that outer beauty is all you need. My sister was criticized by my father though. She never finished high school. Had first boyfriend at the age of 13. Moved Bach to my dad’s house after having troubles with her husband and had a boyfriend while still married. That is in Iran. A country she could have become stoned to death for doing that. My father kicked her out of the house and she stayed at my uncle’s till my mother arranged for her to leave county. Now at 41, and two divorces later, after many hours of my hard work and talking to my dad, he finally contacted her and asked for her forgiveness for throwing her out.
Few years back, my mother moved ten minutes from our house and before I knew it, she was there every single day favoring my children over her other grand children. Upon arrival, she started immediately criticizing my motherhood and my every move. Trying to take over my life. Correcting everything I did and having opinions about every single decision I made. Telling all my friend what a horrible mother I am and how if it wasn’t for her, my children would not even be alive. Once she moved close to me, a sever and horrible depression came to me. After several years of treatments and trying to let her judgments not getting to me, I finally had to do what I needed to do. I cut her out of my life. Hopefully forever. We had to sell our house and move, just for me to be able to keep her away. She created huge scandals about her motherhood rights and how I am taking her grand children away and how I am not good enough for my children and how my children needed her. So, now, when I read articles that say, adult children are allenieted because of brain washing of a narcissistic parent, I think this is just over simplifying a very complex problem. In my case, I cut my mother out, because I couldn’t stand her in my life any longer. Her existence in my life, deteriorated my health and was extremely toxic. So, maybe, in a divorce situation, a divorce is due to parents being too different and not matched right. And maybe, by nature, the children could not be matched with one parent as well due to genetic lottery. Maybe, there has never been a bond between the parent and the allening child. Maybe, the child had never felt love from the day one and it was really easy for her or him to let go and live without that unloving parent.
My family’s story, is the story of a complex situation. Hope it helps you see a different scenario.
carolMay 18th, 2015 at 8:26 AM
i know someone who wasnt even invited to his daughter’s wedding because of how the mother ran him down. The daughter will regret this in the end
WendyMay 23rd, 2015 at 9:47 AM
I hear you Carol, My husband was invited to his daughters wedding in 2016, to watch his daughter being given away by her now rich step father(the man his ex cheated with ). Hes still on the fence if he will go or not.
BessMay 22nd, 2015 at 11:45 AM
I am currently separated from my husband. He was verbally abusive to my boys and me. My sons are 18 and 20 and have stopped communicating with MEA few months after I left their father. I thought they would understand as they lived through it, but they appear to be siding with him. I want what is best for my boys. I love them more than life itself. I do not know what to do at this point but keep trying to reach out to them with no success. I think they would be much better off having a loving relationship with both their dad and me. Please help. Do you have any suggestions?
MaryMay 22nd, 2015 at 5:01 PM
Are your sons living with your ex- husband? I am assuming that they are. Although your sons are 18 and 20 which is older than most kids that are subjected to a marital separation or divorce it is still very traumatic for them you and your husband have always been a family unit through their most developmentally crucial and formative years. Even older adult children have problems dealing with it. Sometimes I think they just need some space and time to get their head around what has just happened to them. At this point and this age you need them more than they need you. I know that is hard to take it was for me. At this age they are all about their friends and striving for independence . If your husband was the lesser disciplinarian they may see this as an opportunity to have freedom to do things that you would not approve of while living under your roof. He may treat them more like adults which most kids love. Mothers have a tendency to see them as the babies we nurtured and at that age it’s like a repellant. What I do these days is just text them occasionally and say ” hope your doing well! I love you!” Sometimes I get a response and sometimes I don’t. The other thing your dealing with is that their boys and at this age they are interested in girls and that can take a huge priority over moms. So what I think you are dealing with are a number of issues that may not totally be related to you. The other thing is if you left and left them behind without giving them the option to go with you they may resent that because they may have wanted to come with you. You might see if you can invite them to lunch or dinner at their favorite restaurant and allow them to express how they feel about everything. Your job would be to listen and remain neutral and not be defensive about anything they say. Your response should be something like” thank you for being so honest I will need to take some time to think about everything you said. Your happiness is all I am interested in”. Be prepared to receive criticism because at that age kids are usually very judgmental about anything a parent does. Remember how much smarter you thought you were at 18 as opposed to now. It will be the hardest thing you will ever do to not react defensively, but if you can it will serve you well. This could be an opportunity to open the lines of communication. My kids are in their twenties and my rare interactions with them are spent with me listening. I never offer advice unless I am asked. I can’t stress enough how much they want to be treated like an adult even though they aren’t quite there yet . At this age they should be able to make decisions without being told and it’s important to let them as long as they aren’t harmful. If they make a mistake they learn from it. I hope everything gets better for you soon. There is nothing more painful than alienation. I have dealt with it for years and have finally accepted it basically because I have had no choice. God be with you, he will comfort you during these trying times.
WendyMay 23rd, 2015 at 8:32 AM
I’m writing trying to find the right words for my husband to help his pain. Little background… I am a true single mom, my daughters father passed when she was a newborn, now 29 I am 46. My husband age 45 was also a very young parent, a son who he and his mother raised (the childs mother walked away) and a daughter whos mother he had married.
My husband was adopted and his parents split when he was very young, he didnt see much of his father and his mother never cut his father down. But there was still pain there and as a late teen, he drank, he was a tough kinda kid and very defensive, the drinking lasted and still exists (we are working on this).
His divorce happened when his daughter was 5. He said that the mother never really treated both children the same, that she never wanted to join them out to dinner, the movies or on a boat ride, she never really wanted to work, clean or cook. He had a great union job and after divorce always was there every visitation for his daughter, all school meetings and was the one that picked her up and took her to doctors appointments. (BTW his son was being raised by him and dc his mom as he moved back to home) His son is a great adult now but this isnt about his son, its his daughter.
About 6 months after the divorce his ex remarried a former lover she had before him and had cheated with during the marriage. My husband and this man had actually been friends well before his daughter was born, and yes, with the young adult drinking both raised heck together. The divirce was difficult on him and broke him financially.
Then, enter me. I am a full time careeer gal independant and dedicated and what I have been told and know that I am a wonderful loving parent.
His daughter had many fights with her mom and I supported him to gain custody when she was 14. We got it and she moved in. She was unruly and seemed to want to have complete freedom with no rules. I work from home and had to lay diwn rules
WendyMay 23rd, 2015 at 8:45 AM
Sorry,, more… lay down rules about noise, her father backed me and she didnt like it, then back to her moms.
One day she came over (last time she was here… with her bf and his mom, telling us she us pregnant, in love and getting a house and moving in together. Well, we told her the truth,, she didnt want to hear. The truth aboyt life. Well our predictions came true. Now shes got a new beau and getting married and she told him via FB that she wanted her step dad to walk her and that he was never a father. Come to find out her reasons were based on what her mom said about him drinking and being wild before she was ever born. Hes not a mean drunk never was,, more of a teddy bear drunk. She doesnt rememver the past. She doesnt sem to care that she hurt him deeply. I am trying to help him and hes come a long way since his divorce, back to college and drinking much less but he sits and waits to see his grandson and I have come to know that she lies aboyt her her real father is to her friends because whenever he is mention in earshot if her friends she goes into a rage. My husband is considering not going to the wedding but tv knows he has to be the bigger man, but its all killing him and rewinding all that hes strived ti change about himself. Hes to the point hed rather have my daughter than his, I need to help him.
WendyMay 23rd, 2015 at 9:23 AM
My take on this. I have read about alienation, estrangement, narcissistic behavior and found many to have the mother being the instigator. I assume that this site is filled with the mother being the TP is because, well women like to express their feelings. But what I cant find are after the children
become adults and the “brainwashing” continues from the narcissistic parent. I have told my husband that he cant think of all thats hes done as a good parent cause she either doesnt remember, doesnt want to or basically is told lies about the past. Its not his daughters fault and some blame does come from him for letting all this love just seemingly stop out of the blue. No matter what we think we can say or do we think she will turn it around and hes at the point “why even try”. She sound more and more like her mother each day with her hate. And now seems as her mother has her claws back in and helped her daughter choose her father. I dont have anything against step parents, except when they are forced love or bought love. … they recently came into alot of money and her father and I are barely making it with him just finishing going back to college at age 40,,, I get all this I do, but in my eye she caused unrepairable harm, told him about him never being a father 1 month b4 he took a state board test for his licence, he was devestated, didnt eat, fell off the wagon drinking again, fell and broke 4 ribs missed the test, retook it and failed.. this weighs so heavily on him, I can litterly see his heart break.
MaryMay 23rd, 2015 at 5:30 PM
Let me begin by saying how much I identify with your husbands pain. You are a wonderful caring wife to share in his pain and to try to help him. He has every right to feel hurt that his daughter chooses her step father to walk her down the isle rather than her own father. Children can literally be vicious and they have a cunning way of pushing buttons and hitting below the belt often cutting you to the vary core of your being. There may be some comfort for him in knowing that he is not alone. We love our children and only want to share in their happiness no matter how brief they will let us in. It’s a catch 22 for him. If goes he endures the humiliation of watching someone else walk his daughter down the isle. If he doesn’t go then he is portrayed as a non-caring father. The best and most classy way to handle this is to have both men walk her down the isle and give her away. It is a shame that the four of you can’t go to dinner and come to terms. He is the only father she has you only have one father by blood. I think in time his daughter will regret this. It’s very immature and lacks grace and respect. It is important for the children’s sake for the divorced parents to mend fences and to be civil and respectful to each other. Once people move on to other spouses there is no need to continue to feel anger because that emotion should have left long ago. Sometimes kids paint pictures that are fiction about a divorced parent with their friends because they get attention and sympathy it’s called secondary gain. The best way to over come much of this I have found is to be busy living your own life through hobbies, volunteering, enjoying friends and your immediate family. You know as parents we all make mistakes no one is perfect. We ask for forgiveness from God and he always forgives us if we are truly sincere. The sad thing is that people don’t forgive, many are judgemental and enjoy the crucifixion of your character all the while they have way more dirt in their backyard that know one knows about. As far as the drinking goes self medication for emotional pain never works you have to acknowledge the pain and work through it or it will always be there. It’s better to drink in moderation for happy events with friends. Regularly drinking can cause severe liver damage and lead it cirrhosis. I have witnessed this type of death. It’s as tragic as cancer. You have to have your liver to live. I don’t know how severe his drinking is but I do know that AA is really great. My father was an alcoholic and as a young teen I attended Alanon and it helped my mother and myself tremendously to know how to deal with his drinking. My father was a mean drunk unlike your husband. He died from alcoholism. I loved my father and his illness did not make me love him less. As a result of this I have spent my life caring for the sick as a nurse and have always felt the need to try to fix things that is pretty much how all kids of alcoholics feel especially abused ones. I always feel that we have two choices we can be a victim or we can rise up out of devastation like a Phoenix and do something about it. My inspiration are our American Veterans who have sustained devastating, disfiguring injuries but they don’t give up. They get artificial limbs and run a marathon they remain the Heros they always were. I love them all. If they can do it with such unsurmountable odds we can do it with our smaller issues. It helps me to put my sorrows in perspective and realize there are others out there that have it so much worse than me. I hope you will be able to find a way to ease your husbands pain. For me it comes and goes. The busier I keep my self the better. Good Luck and may God Bless you both.
AnnaJune 1st, 2015 at 9:31 AM
Reading this article and so many of the comments afterwards…reinforces for me that my husband and I are doing the right thing in reducing our kids’ contact with my parents.
My parents divorced when I was 7, and it was a constant custody battle for the rest of my childhood. They couldn’t be in the same room together until my wedding when I was almost 23. They both talked badly about the other, especially my dad about my mom. I’m the oldest of 4 kids, and it fell to me to handle these difficult conversations where every other weekend, both before and after visitation, each parent took their turn trying to secure our loyalties to them against the other.
It started getting better after I got married, and they actually have a very decent working relationship now, even to the point where my mom has invited both my dad and step-mom to join the family on big vacations together, which they have done. So we thought everything was going well and moving in the right direction.
Then 3 years ago, my husband, our kids, and I all moved to the same town as my mom. She wanted to be with us as much as possible, getting together 2, 3, even 4 times a week. That was okay until it started interfering with our time to be our own little family. So we started declining some of her offers to get together. She got really clingy and defensive, convinced we were being hateful to her and kicking her out of our lives, despite the fact we still spent some time with her…just not as much as she wanted. When we started hearing her say things to the kids about “we just need to wait patiently until your parents will let us be together again” and saying things to us like “I must have done something terribly awful for you to be treating me this way” (i.e., saying no to some of her offers to be together), we knew things were getting out of hand. She was building that same “us vs them” mentality in our kids, where she was trying to earn our kids’ loyalty to her above their trust in and relationships with us…teaching them that she and they were co-victims to our trying to keep them apart.
My husband and I have really struggled with decreasing contact with her. It’s difficult to explain to the kids why they can’t have sleepovers with her anymore, but we know we need to monitor what she’s saying to them so that their relationship with us is protected, especially as we’re about to move into the teenage years with the oldest. It’s very sad to see her repeat this pattern with my kids. It’s been difficult for me to identify the dysfunctional patterns as they’re recurring, and especially to defend the “knowing” in me that what she’s doing is wrong. But reading stuff like this helps me see it more clearly.
ckmJanuary 26th, 2016 at 6:53 AM
Estrangement is inherently cruel, especially for parents who are insecure. No one is perfect and she might be trying to get her needs met this way. She has expectations that need to change. My thoughts are to discuss with her the real issue of balance for your family and reasonable expectations and commit to possibly one family visit a week and twice a month sleep overs. Be loving and up front affirming your love and commitment to her. When you break a bond or cord with a loved one it is extemely difficlt to recultivate it. The effects of alienation from grandma will have on you kids is lifelong and even transferable to their children. It will cultivate low self esteem, depression, confusion, resentments and a wake of destruction for your kids, your mom and you. BIG MESS! It is parent or grandparent alienation no matter how you look at it. Read articles on how parental alienation syndrome effects adults children. This will most likely backfire on you one day with “your” kids showing up as “rage” and manipulation n your part. It did my sister. She went 10 years without seeing two of her sons over problems with an unhealthy, manipulative, life-sucking mother-in-law. For this reason, she alienated him from grandma when he was young. My sister got blamed for him not having his grandma. Grandma had moved in next door when when the kids were young without anyones prior knowledge. They blamed and hated my sister for it. They broke theirbond with her at 18 and even though they talk now, the mother-son relationships are breached. Better to find a compromise that alienate. Also read “Forgive for Good” by Fred Luskin. It will help you not to get stuck in other peoples problems.
TraceyAugust 22nd, 2015 at 11:32 PM
We have been living with the effects of PAS for 10 years now. For many years I spent several days after weekend visits assuring my skids of thrower Fathers love and commitment to them. Countered the lies with truth and brought in back up support as much as possible. My husband wanted to just give up so many times. Because we have a good church Pastor and other step family mentors we worked through it.
6 years ago my sd 10 told authorities she was being sexually abused by a family member. The juvenile courts here have children choose someone they trust to speak for them. The children chose me, stepmom to share their story with and to speak for them. At the time there was great love and respect I felt between us. This blew their mother’s mind. She harassed authorities involved and lied about her part in the events. Since then I have been the target and alienated from the family.
**Have you witnessed this in any other case? My husband and in-laws were so relieved not to be under attack anymore they chose to ignore the abuse and make the kids happy with things. They threw me under the bus. Rarely is there support from my husband. He will do anything to not have drama again.
His X now tells everyone he is the best Dad. This because he pays all expenses and she has no financial responsibility. The kids have no rules to follow in either house. They use me as a target of hatred now. It seems pleasurable to the kids and their mom. They ignore the found abuse/ reality and have made up a new one where I am the abuser of my step daughter. Her brothers are trained to “protect” her when she tells them to. It has been scared at times.
The troubled children moved out 2 years ago. My husband drinks to deal with issues he can’t face. It affects our marriage, business, and relationships. I have a disease brought on by stress.
There are very real side effects for all. We had a house full of children. They all have been affected by this woman and her sick, twisted games. She is a school teacher in MN. She has shown us how real PAS is.
ckmJanuary 26th, 2016 at 6:05 AM
Read “Forgive for Good” by Fred Luskin. Although my situation did not change, I found healing for my body and my soul. Apply this to everyone and every situation in your past, present and future.. There is a significant effect on what our brains do with our thoughts and how it changes our body chemistry, emotions and behavior. Life is full of challenges but you can overcome and be free from the devastation and control it has over you.
Also watch the second guest speaker on “Happiness Within Reach Conference at Stanford University on YouTube
Koos MSeptember 15th, 2015 at 3:29 AM
I got divorced July 2011 as my ex wife was in an adtuters affair with another man for 4 years before the our divorce. The problem is my two adult daughter’s turn their backs on me there father, as their mother, boyfriend, mother in law and step father turn my daughter’s against me, so and so that both joy daughter’s got married this year and I was not even on there wedding’s. What is there that I can do
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A few weeks ago an interesting exhibition was opened at the Casa França-Brasil in Rio de Janeiro, called ‘Orixás’, curated by art historian Marcelo Campos. What would fit better to a blog entitled ‘Orisha Image’ than an exhibition review of ‘Orixás’? Unfortunately I could not travel to Rio as an art critic. I translated (and interpreted) the Portuguese press-text and got the copyright for some exhibition views and artworks from the institution’s office - muito obrigado! The exhibition and its great side program with lectures and performances show the value Yorùbá traditions have in the Brazilian diaspora and how the heritage of the slaves continues to shape the identity of the country. (And for those who do not speak Portuguese: the 'x' is pronounced like 'sh', Orixá and Orisha basically means the same, with the first one referring to the Brazilian version.)
For me the interesting fact is, according to the press-text, that the younger generation is no longer searching for the ‘original’ roots or thinking that ‘something has been lost’ in the diaspora form of Yorùbá Orisha traditions. Older generations were more likely trying to restore or re-africanize the traditions. Today, maybe also due to the influential work of these predecessors, the ‘syncretic’ status has become obsolete, because Orixá traditions have already become an authentic Brazilian religious expression with millions of followers. Actually the ‘Orixá’ exhibition itself includes objects from an exhibition on the same topic in 1990. The current exhibition is a kind of a contemporary review of the exhibition held at the same place 26 years ago, with many artworks added from the youngest generation of Brazilian artists. An interesting concept which allows to compare old and new views on Yorùbá traditions! I give a small introduction, not all the readers might know about Brazil’s colonial history, before I continue with the exhibition text.
A small introduction on Brazil and Yorùbá traditions
Brazil was the main importer of African slaves with an estimated number of around four million people forced to migrate as laborers. Over the centuries slaves were traded from different ports in Africa and formed a multi-ethnic community in the diaspora. Many of them were worked to death within a few years in the plantations. It was simply cheaper buying a new slave than to invest money into the living conditions. The survivors and their children, Brazil-born creoles and ‘mulattos’ of mixed ‘race’, managed to adopt African cultural traditions to the new environment, facing severe oppression in the Portuguese colony.
In the 19th century, after the Ọ̀yọ́ empire fell and the Jihad had reached Yorùbáland, various kingdoms were in war with each other. From then on most of the slaves exported to Brazil (and Cuba) were of Yorùbá origin. The quantity of sold Yorùbá at the end of the era of slave trade is one of the reasons why the Yorùbá culture in Brazil, called ‘Nagô’, is so strong until today. A second reason is that after the so-called Malê-slave revolt (from Yorùbá ‘ìmọ̀le’, Muslim) in Bahia in 1835 many slaves were expelled from Brazil, others could buy their freedom and returned to Africa, among them again many Yorùbá who settled down in Lagos, the so-called Aguda. Ironically some of them became big players in the transatlantic slave trade. Others engaged in the trade of kola-nuts, African textiles and cultural objects. A continuous connection was established between Lagos and Brazilian cities like Salvador da Bahia, where even traditions like the Egúngún masqueraders’ cult survived and contributed to the high visibility of Yorùbá culture in the diaspora.
Candomblé generally is the term for an African religion in Brazil and most of the people today link it to the Orixás (Òrìṣà, the Portuguese ‘x’ is pronounced like Yorùbá ‘ṣ’). More specific the worship of Orisha is called Candomblé Nagô or Ketú (also spelled Queto, after the Yorùbá city Ketou in today’s Benin Republic). But there is also the Candomblé Jeje (Gêgê), worshipping the Vodun, based on the Ewe/Fon/Adja traditions or the Candomblé de Angola worshipping the Nkisis, spirits from the Bantu-speaking people. Macumba, Umbanda, Batuque, Mina, Ijexá, Caboclos – many different religions, or cults within the religions, exist today in Brazil, each one with its own history. The African heritage, linked to the cruel times of slavery and colonial racism, is an important part of Brazil’s culture and influenced the language, music, food, people - and the arts.
About the exhibition ‘Orixás’
In September 1990, the Casa França-Brasil, a cultural center in Rio de Janeiro, realized the exhibition ‘Retratos da Bahia’ (Portraits of Bahia) which brought together photographs of Pierre Verger, drawings by Carybé and traditional African sculptures from the private collections of the two artists. Verger (1902-1996) was a French photographer and babaláwo, who settled down in Salvador da Bahia. He dedicated his life and work to the transatlantic Yorùbá culture, publishing and researching. Carybé (1911-1997) was a Brazilian artist and painter, born in Argentina. He was entitled an ‘Obá de Xangô’ in the Candomblé community, Brazilian history and Orisha culture deeply influenced his work. The current exhibition ‘Orixás’ is investigating how the African-Brazilian identity manifests itself in art and religion. It is a kind of review of the exhibition from 1990, promoting a re-reading of the same issues, but this time differing between the Modern and the contemporary view.
The theme of ‘Afro-Brasilidade’ (African-Brazilianness) is explored from various perspectives in the artistic context of Brazil’s art scene. African ancestry and religions are connected to issues such as identity, the question of representation and linked to various socio-cultural conditions. The Modern fascination with the cultures of African descent in Brazil has produced important debates on the ‘patrimonialização’-process (a discussion about cultural expressions becoming worth of preservation or restauration for the country’s heritage) and on the recognition of non-Western religions, although their material culture was anchored in premises of the colonizers.
In Brazil the influence of Candomblé in artistic production led to famous works like the novel Jubiabá e Bahia de Todos os Santos by Jorge Amado, the movie Barravento directed by Glauber Rocha, the Teatro Experimental do Negro founded by Abdias Nascimento, the album Afro-Sambas of Baden Powell and Vinicius de Morais and the works of Pierre Verger, Carybé, Rubem Valentim and Mestre Didi, just as examples. Mestre Didi, artist and initiated priest, worked on the boundaries between contemporary art and folk art. Parallel to the beginning popularization of the African-Brazilianness, the religion Candomblé was still under problematic conditions related to its illegal status. Its members suffered political and social persecution from a repressive state and the racist society. The use of violence against the Candomblé communities was common.
The 21st century brought new approaches. While the Candomblé religion still remains a target for attacks and intolerance, the ‘terreiros’ (temples) and the religious ‘casas’ (houses) of African origin are currently in a process of legalization, getting recognized as a cultural heritage, shaping the identity and faith of the Brazilian people. Contemporary artists such as Ayrson Heraclitus, Arjan Martins, Tiago Sant’Ana, Paula Dalton and others keep on reconfiguring the African-Brazilian heritage, accepting its hybridity and cultural ‘contaminations’. This identity is being recoded today by the young generation of artists and has overcome the former boundary between the popular and the academic discourse, what can be observed in the artworks of Heitor dos Prazeres, Maria Auxiliadora, Louco e Chico Tabibuia.
In this sense the exhibition ‘Orixás’ goes beyond the Bahian context and is bringing together artworks from different times, intending to provoke new readings on the aspects of African-Brazilian culture. Candomblé, syncretism and popular art, seen from the inside of the universe of the Orishas, with artpieces from institutions and private collections from Salvador, Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro.
‘Orixás’ marks for the Casa França-Brasil the possibility to involve itself in a debate in which the survival of so many different African cultures, resulting from slavery, violence and inequality, can finally be transformed into outcries, hymns, words of faith, protection and good omen. Again the Brazilian people are called to visit this exhibition, where they might receive a good-luck charm, maintain their close relationship with Africa, recognize their ancestors, stay ‘odara’ and experience the beauty of Orisha not from a colonial perspective as something inaccessible, but rather as a gift to be shared amongst us, one ‘Axé’ for all of us. Candomblé shapes through the arts the Brazilian society and is responsible for important symbolic moments, in which different forms, colors and elements emerge and get released, played, celebrated and experienced. It is the strength of this ‘emi’, the air emitted by the body, that keeps the Brazilians connected to Africa, across the ocean, to reaffirm a simple and perhaps the first human condition: to know that we are not alone.
(This text is a translation/interpretation of the press-release in Portuguese language by the Casa França-Brasil.)
Note: ‘ficar odara’, a Portuguese-Yorùbá phrase, is frequently used today by African-Brazilians, with an approximate meaning of ‘staying in harmony with the earth and heavens’ from Yorùbá ‘ó dára’, which simply means ‘it is good’. As it is a Yorùbá expression the phrase got related to spirituality and nowadays means more than the simple literal translation. It is a also the title of famous samba song by Caetano Veloso, hear it on Youtube. ‘Axé’ is the Portuguese way of writing Yorùbá ‘àṣẹ’ and the ‘emi’ the press-release speaks about is Yorùbá ‘ẹ̀mí’ meaning ‘breath, life, soul’. These are some words that do not have to be translated to Brazilians!
September 24 to October 23, 2016
Curated by Marcelo Campos
Rua Visconde de Itaboraí, 78 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20010-060
See more photos of the exhibition on Instagram
I tried to find the direct websites owned by the artists or websites on their work, with images, click on the links for more details.
Adalton Fernandes Lopes
Heitor dos Prazeres
Mario Cravo Neto
Thiago Martins de Melo
Virgínia de Medeiros | <urn:uuid:d7b04fb0-261c-4ec3-937b-a6ee11d14d7c> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | http://www.orishaimage.com/blog/orixas-exhibition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865250.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623210406-20180623230406-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.9427 | 2,545 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries (Arabic: کتاب الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية Kitāb al-āthār al-bāqiyah `an al-qurūn al-khāliyah, also known as Chronology of Ancient Nations or Vestiges of the Past, after the translation published by Eduard Sachau in 1879) by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, is a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information, exploring the customs and religions of different peoples.
The text survives in an early 14th-century Ilkhanid manuscript by Ibn al-Kutbi (the "Edinburgh codex", AH 707 / AD 1307–8, 179 folios, Northwestern Iran or northern Iraq, kept at the Edinburgh University Library, MS Arab 161). The manuscript contains 25 paintings and survives also in an exact 17th-century Ottoman copy (MS Arabe 1489, kept in the Bibliothèque nationale de France).
Hillenbrand (2000) interprets the choice and placement of illustrations throughout the text as a cycle which emphasizes the interest of the Ilkhanids in religions other than the predominant Islam, many illustrations showing specific episodes related to Manichaeism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Christianity. Other illustrations show a keen interest in topics of history and science. The account of the birth of Julius Caesar is illustrated with a realistic rendition of a cesarean section.
The Shi`ite inclination of those responsible for the production is particularly evident from the two concluding images, the largest and most accomplished in the manuscript, which illustrate two episodes in the life of Muhammad, both centrally involving `Ali, Hasan, and Husayn: The Day of Cursing (fol. 161r) and The Investiture of `Ali at Ghadir Khumm (fol. 162r). The manuscript has a total of five images depicting Muhammad, including the first miniature which shows the Prophet as he prohibits Nasīʾ (fol. 6v).
The style of the images is kept in a hybrid style between that of pre-Mongol period Persia and the Chinese style introduced with the Mongol invasions.
He discussed his idea of history in The Chronology of the Ancient Nations, also known as The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries. It is a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information, exploring the customs and religions of different peoples.
- C. Eduard Sachau (ed.), Chronologie orientalischer Völker von Alberuni, Leipzig 1878 (Internet Archive link), reprinted Leipzig 1923, Baghdad 1963.
- C. Eduard Sachau (trans.), The Chronology of Ancient Nations: An English Version of the Arabic Text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or 'Vestiges of the Past', Collected and Reduced ... by the Author in A. H. 390 - 1, A. D. 1000 , London 1879 (Internet Archive link).
- Seyyed Hossein Nasr, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines (1993), ISBN 0-7914-1515-5, p. 108.
- The precise place of origin is uncertain. Soucek 1975, p. 156, suggested Tabriz or Maragha; Carboni (1988–89,17; 1992, 432f., suggested Mosul on the basis of a comparison of some of its illustrations with others in the so-called London Qazvini (cat. nos. 14–16). Hillenbrand supports the attribution to Mosul.
- The cycle is among the earliest depictions of Muhammad in Persian art. The earliest extant representation of Muhammad in a Persian manuscript is in the Marzubannama of 1299 (Archaeology Museum Library, Istanbul, MS 216); see fig. 49 in Marianna Shreve Simpson. 'The Role of Baghdad in the Formation of Persian Painting.' In Art et société dans le monde iranien, ed. Chahryar Adle, 91–116. Institut Français d'Iranologie de Téhéran, Bibliothèque iranienne, 26. Recherche sur les grandes civilisations, Synthèse, 9. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les civilisations, 1982.
- M. S. Khan (1976). "al-Biruni and the Political History of India", Oriens 25, p. 86-115.
- Albiruni. The Chronology Of Ancient Nations, trans.Edward Sachau. London: Elibron Classics, 2005.
- The Chronology Of Ancient Nations, trans.Edward Sachau. London: Elibron Classics, 2005, pp.325-334
- Boris Abramovich Rozenfelʹd, A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry, trans. Abe Shenitzer, Springer (1988), ISBN 0-387-96458-4, p. 127.
- Robert Hillenbrand. 'Images of Muhammad in al-Biruni's Chronology of Ancient Nations.' In Persian Painting from the Mongols to the Qajars: Studies in Honour of Basil W. Robinson, ed. Hillenbrand, 129–46, Pembroke Persian Papers, 3. London and New York: I. B. Tauris in association with the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge, 2000.
- Priscilla P. Soucek. 'An Illustrated Manuscript of al-Biruni's Chronology of Ancient Nations.' In The Scholar and the Saint: Studies in Commemoration of Abul-Rayhan al-Biruni and Jalal al-Din al-Rumi, ed. Peter J. Chelkowski, 103–168. New York: Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, New York University Press, 1975.
- Sheila S. Blair, The Development of the Illustrated Book in Iran, Muqarnas (1993).
- G. Saliba, 'Al-Biruni and the sciences of his time', in Religion, Learning and Science in the 'Abbasid Period, Cambridge University Press (2006), ISBN 0-521-02887-6, p. 316.
- J. F. P. Hopkins, 'Geographical and navigational literature', in Religion, Learning and Science in the 'Abbasid Period, Cambridge University Press (2006), ISBN 0-521-02887-6, 405-423. | <urn:uuid:2a3b4fd6-e375-4fc3-8a00-3a8b3ef55ea5> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644064160.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00170-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.744194 | 1,433 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Within this essay I will prove that gender roles are still a massive part of our society and that people claiming equal rights and equal privileges are fighting a losing battle–if not are actually hurting their own cause. This essay focuses on the differences between gender roles and will show you that it is far harder being a woman in a world where gender roles exist in this manner.
Gender roles happen from an early age, such as with the toys and colors we introduce children to. We use blue for a boy and pink for a girl, and we do this even though we know that blue is commonly associated with being masculine and pink is a soft and feminine color. Girls are not given action figures, tanks and guns, and boys are not given dream cars and cooking stations. These roles are engrained from a young age and are pushed on children so that they support it. Boys are encouraged to pick on other boys if they are playing with a baby doll in the same way that girls pick on other girls if they want to play football or have a toy gun.
Gender roles are far more a part of our society when it comes to parenting. It is seen as far worse for a mother to abandon a child than for the father to abandon the child. When it comes to a straight couple living together, it is very rare to see a man being more fastidious than the woman is and even rarer to see him take up most of the cleaning and childcare jobs. Yet, this unbalance is seen as acceptable by society as a whole.
The idea that women should not be viewed as sexual objects is laudable, but as activist work to make things fair, they have pushed too far to the point of oppressing the women they are trying to represent. They should be fighting so that women have a choice. So that women can choose to dress comfortably instead of insisting that they have to. Women should be able to show off their bodies in any fashion they wish, but activists insist that they cover up in case they are viewed as sex objects. By doing this they are pushing women back into the days when women were arrested for showing an ankle.
On the other hand, the male gender is allowed to walk around a beach wearing just a pair of Speedos and nobody calls them a slut or hussy. Nobody looks at them as if they are letting the gender down.
A man that acts within his own gender role is lauded, but a woman is forced to stay within a certain fence within her role. She has to be feminine but not too much, sexual but not too much, and must have a career but not if it means she is a bad mother. Gender roles exist, they are deeply engrained, they are currently unfair, and the people trying to make them fairer are repressing women backwards instead of giving them the same choices that men have. | <urn:uuid:d2a7bde3-ad34-41b4-b292-cdcb302765e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scholaradvisor.com/essay-examples/persuasive-essay-gender-roles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00352-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981459 | 576 | 2.734375 | 3 |
David Tout and Juliette Mendelovits examine why we receive such differing reports on the literacy and numeracy skills of young Australians.
Australia participates in several large-scale assessment programs that provide information about the knowledge and skills of the population at various points in the lifespan. Each of these programs tells its own story about literacy and numeracy standards in Australia, and some of these stories appear to contradict one another. The 2006 Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey (ALLS) reported that about 50 per cent of Australians between the ages of 15 and 74 are below the minimum required standard of literacy and numeracy. Three years later, the 2009 OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) reported that 15 per cent of Australian 15-year-olds are below a baseline level of proficiency in reading and mathematics. Australia’s National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), on the other hand, reported in 2011 that only six per cent of Year 9 students – who are around 14 years of age – are below the minimum standard of literacy and numeracy. Taken at face value, these results suggest a lot of improvement in a short space of time; however, trends observed over that same period within assessment programs do not support this view.
What, then, can explain these wildly different reports? Are these three assessment programs measuring completely different things? Or do expectations vary about what constitute adequate levels of literacy and numeracy? Or is there something else at play? Further, if the reasons for the variation can be understood, is it possible to represent these standards on a single, coherent continuum of achievement?
Explaining the differences
The apparent discrepancies between different measures of literacy and numeracy can be explained by four key factors:
• the definitions of literacy and numeracy used;
• the stated and unstated program purposes;
• the agenda of the stakeholders; and
• the way standards are represented statistically. | <urn:uuid:849e31ba-6bd9-4f0a-9af0-b7fbbb5f18d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | http://global2.vic.edu.au/2013/10/28/questioning-the-standards-of-literacy-and-numeracy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334987.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927033539-20220927063539-00122.warc.gz | en | 0.917472 | 395 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Variety of baldor single phase 230v motor wiring diagram. A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial depiction of an electric circuit. It reveals the parts of the circuit as streamlined shapes, and the power and signal connections in between the gadgets.
A wiring diagram usually gives information about the family member position and also plan of devices and also terminals on the tools, to help in building or servicing the gadget. This is unlike a schematic diagram, where the plan of the elements’ interconnections on the diagram normally does not correspond to the parts’ physical locations in the completed device. A pictorial representation would certainly show a lot more information of the physical look, whereas a wiring diagram makes use of a more symbolic notation to emphasize affiliations over physical appearance.
A wiring diagram is often made use of to troubleshoot problems and to make sure that all the connections have been made which everything exists.
baldor single phase 230v motor wiring diagram
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A Beginner s Overview of Circuit Diagrams
An initial check out a circuit layout may be confusing, however if you could review a subway map, you could review schematics. The function is the very same: obtaining from factor A to aim B. Literally, a circuit is the course that enables electrical power to circulation. If you know exactly what to try to find, it ll come to be acquired behavior. While initially you ll just be reading them, ultimately you will start developing your very own. This overview will show you a few of the usual signs that you make sure to see in your future electrical engineering job.
The Language of Wiring
Let s look at some of terms that you will certainly need to understand:
Voltage: Determined in volts (V), voltage is the stress or force of electricity. This is typically supplied by a battery (such as a 9V battery) or mains power, the outlets in your residence operate at 120V. Outlets in other nations run at a various voltage, which is why you need a converter when taking a trip.
Present: Existing is the flow of electricity, or even more specifically, the circulation of electrons. It is determined in Amperes (Amps), as well as can just move when a voltage supply is linked.
Resistance: Gauged in Ohms (R or O), resistance specifies just how easily electrons could move through a material. Products such as gold or copper, are called conductors, as they quickly enable flow of activity (low resistance). Plastic, timber, and also air are instances of insulators, hindering the movement of electrons (high resistance).
DC (Direct Existing). DC is a continuous circulation of existing in one instructions. DC could stream not simply through conductors, but semi-conductors, insulators, or even a vacuum.
AC (Alternating Present). In Air Conditioner, the flow of present regularly rotates in between two directions, commonly developing a sine wave. The frequency of AC is gauged in Hertz (Hz), and is normally 60 Hz for electrical power in property and business functions.
Now s the enjoyable stuff. Completing an electric engineering level and after that getting a work in the field suggests you will see a lot a great deal a great deal of these schematics. It s vital to understand specifically what is happening with these. While they can (and also will certainly) get really complicated, these are simply a few of the usual graphics to get your footing on.
Whenever you establish your details field of electrical engineering, you might see a lot more complex representations and icons. You ll learn also that various countries make use of various signs. Of the 2 symbols for resistors above, the very first one is used in the U.S., while the second is made use of in Europe. | <urn:uuid:9fc1360e-a2f1-428b-887c-3b3d15495fdd> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://ricardolevinsmorales.com/baldor-single-phase-230v-motor-wiring-diagram/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506028.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921141907-20230921171907-00257.warc.gz | en | 0.925206 | 976 | 3.328125 | 3 |
This map of potential vegetation was developed for the Central Hardwoods Joint Venture by USFWS staff in cooperation with community ecologists from public and private partner organizations. This model was developed by assigning natural communities to appropriate landform positions (e.g. ridge tops) within Land Type Associations. Thus, the model depicts ecologically appropriate locations for the restoration of natural communities. When combined with other decision support tools developed by the CHJV staff &/or partners, this map can guide conservation planning by estimating habitat restoration opportunity. | <urn:uuid:8ff8de32-b748-4dda-994d-780f6f6f6145> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/singleitem/collection/gislib/id/17/rec/13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535919066.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014519-00453-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955742 | 105 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Peter of Verona
Born at Verona, 1206; died near Milan, 6 April, 1252. His parents were adherents of the Manichæan heresy, which still survived in northern Italy in the thirteenth century. Sent to a Catholic school, and later to the University of Bologna, he there met St. Dominic, and entered the Order of the Friars Preachers. Such were his virtues, severity of life and doctrine, talent for preaching, and zeal for the Faith, that Gregory IX made him general inquisitor, and his superiors destined him to combat the Manichæan errors. In that capacity he evangelized nearly the whole of Italy, preaching in Rome, Florence, Bologna, Genoa, and Como. Crowds came to meet him and followed him wherever he went; and conversions were numerous. He never failed to denounce the vices and errors of Catholics who confessed the Faith by words, but in deeds denied it. The Manichæans did all they could to compel the inquisitor to cease from preaching against their errors and propaganda. Persecutions, calumnies, threats, nothing was left untried.
When returning from Como to Milan, he met a certain Carino who with some other Manichæans had plotted to murder him. The assassin struck him with an axe on the head with such violence, that the holy man fell half dead. Rising to his knees he recited the first article of the Symbol of the Apostles, and offering his blood as a sacrifice to God he dipped his fingers in it and wrote on the ground the words: "Credo in Deem". The murderer then pierced his heart. The body was carried to Milan and laid in the church of St. Eustorgio, where a magnificent mausoleum, the work of Balduccio Pisano, was erected to his memory. He wrought many miracles when living, but they were even more numerous after his martyrdom, so that Innocent IV canonized him on 25 March, 1253.
MARCHESE, Vita di S. Pietro Martire (Fiesole, 1894); HINDS, A Garner of Saints (London, 1900); PERRENS, St Pierre martyr et l'hérésie des Patarins à Florence in Rev. Histor., II (1876), 337-66; Acta SS. (1678), April, III, 678-86. | <urn:uuid:5fb2c60b-6003-403c-a9c0-e87f0ec03cd5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Peter_of_Verona | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00235-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9736 | 514 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Many children are born with an underdeveloped tear-duct system, a problem that can lead to tear-duct blockage, excess tearing, and infection.
Blocked tear ducts are common in infants; as many as one third may be born with this condition. Fortunately, more than 90% of all cases resolve by the time kids are 1 year old with little or no treatment.
The earlier that blocked tear ducts are discovered, the less likely it is that infection will result or that surgery will be necessary.
About Tear Ducts
Our eyes are continually exposed to dust, bacteria, viruses, and other objects that could cause damage, and the eyelids and eyelashes play a key role in preventing that.
Besides serving as protective barriers, the lids and lashes also help the eyes stay moist. Without moisture, the corneas would dry out and could become cloudy or injured.
Working with the lids and lashes, the protective system of glands and ducts (called the lacrimal system) keeps eyes from drying out. Small glands at the edge of the eyelid produce an oily film that mixes with the liquid part of tears and keeps them from evaporating.
Lacrimal (or tear-producing) glands secrete the watery part of tears. These glands are located under the browbone behind the upper eyelid, at the edge of the eye socket, and in the lids.
Eyelids move tears across the eyes. Tears keep the eyes lubricated and clean and contain antibodies that protect against infection. They drain out of the eyes through two openings (puncta, or lacrimal ducts), one on each of the upper and lower lids.
From these puncta, tears enter small tubes called canaliculi or ducts, located at the inner corner of the eyelids, then pass into the lacrimal sac, which is next to the inner corner of the eyes (between the eyes and the nose).
From the lacrimal sacs, tears move down through the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose. (That's why you usually get a runny nose when you cry — your eyes are producing excess tears, and your nose can't handle the additional flow.) When you blink, the motion forces the lacrimal sacs to compress, squeezing tears out of them, away from the eyes, and into the nasolacrimal duct.
The nasolacrimal duct and the lacrimal ducts are also known as tear ducts. However, it's the nasolacrimal duct that's involved in tear-duct blockage.
Many kids are born without a fully developed nasolacrimal duct. This is called congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction or dacryostenosis. Most commonly, an infant is born with a duct that is too narrow or has a web of tissue blocking the duct and therefore doesn't drain properly or becomes blocked easily. Most kids outgrow this by the first birthday.
Other causes of blockage, especially in older kids, are rare. Some kids have nasal polyps, which are cysts or growths of extra tissue in the nose at the end of the tear duct. A blockage also can be caused by a cyst or tumor in the nose, but again, this is unusual in children.
Trauma to the eye area or an eye injury that lacerates (cuts through) the tear ducts also could block a duct, but reconstructive surgery at the time of the accident or injury may prevent this.
Signs of Blocked Tear Ducts
Kids with blocked tear ducts usually develop symptoms between birth and 12 weeks of age, although the problem might not be apparent until an eye becomes infected. The most common signs are excessive tearing, even when a child is not crying (this is called epiphora). You also may notice pus in the corner of the eye, or that your child wakes up with a crust over the eyelid or in the eyelashes.
Kids with blocked tear ducts can develop an infection in the lacrimal sac called dacryocystitis. Signs include redness at the inner corner of the eye and a slight tenderness and swelling or bump at the side of the nose.
Some infants are born with a swollen lacrimal sac, causing a blue bump called a dacryocystocele to appear next to the inside corner of the eye.
Although this condition should be monitored closely by your doctor, it doesn't always lead to infection and can be treated at home with firm massage and observation. If it becomes infected, sometimes topical antibiotics are required. However, with some infections, the child may need to be admitted to the hospital for intravenous antibiotics, followed by surgical probing of the duct.
When to Call the Doctor
If your child's eyes tear excessively but show no sign of infection, consult with your doctor or a pediatric ophthalmologist (eye specialist). Early treatment of a blocked duct may prevent the need for surgery.
If there are signs of infection (such as redness, pus, or swelling) or if a mass or bump is felt on the inside corner of the eye, call your doctor immediately because the infection can spread to other parts of the face and the blockage can lead to an abscess if not treated.
Kids with blocked tear ducts often can be treated at home. Your doctor or pediatric ophthalmologist may recommend that you massage the eye several times daily for a couple of months. Before massaging the tear duct, wash your hands. Place your index finger on the side of your child's nose and firmly massage down toward the corner of the nose. You may also want to apply warm compresses to the eye to help promote drainage and ease discomfort.
If your child develops an infection as a result of the tear-duct blockage, the doctor will prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment to treat the infection. It's important to remember that antibiotics will not get rid of the obstruction. Once the infection has cleared, you can continue massaging the tear duct as the doctor recommends.
If your child still has excess tearing after 6 to 8 months, develops a serious infection, or has repeated infections, the doctor may recommend that the tear duct be opened surgically. This has an 85% to 95% success rate for kids who are 1 year old or younger; the success rate drops as children get older. Surgical probing may be repeated if it's not initially successful.
The probe should be performed by an ophthalmologist — your doctor can refer you to one. Probes are done on an outpatient surgery basis (unless your child is suffering from a severe infection and has already been admitted to the hospital) under general anesthesia.
The ophthalmologist first will do a complete eye exam to rule out other eye problems or types of inflammation that could cause similar symptoms. A dye disappearance test may help determine the cause of the problem. This involves placing fluorescein dye in the eye and then examining the tear film (the amount of tear in the eye) to see if it's greater than it should be. Or the doctor will wait to see if dye has drained properly by having the child blow his or her nose and then checking to see if any of the dye exited through the nose.
A surgical probe takes about 10 minutes. A thin, blunt metal wire is gently passed through the tear duct to open any obstruction. Sterile saline is then irrigated through the duct into the nose to make sure that there is now an open path. There's very little discomfort after the probing.
If surgical probing is unsuccessful, your doctor may recommend further surgical treatment. The more traditional form of treatment is called silicone tube intubation, in which silicone tubes are placed in tear ducts to stretch them. The tubes are left in place for as long as 6 months and then removed in another short surgical procedure or in the office depending upon the stent used.
A newer form of treatment is balloon catheter dilation (DCP), in which a balloon is inserted through an opening in the corner of the eye and into the tear duct. The balloon is inflated with a sterile solution to expand the tear duct. It is then deflated and removed.
Both of these procedures are fairly short but require that a child be put under anesthesia. Both are considered to be generally successful, with an 80% to 90% success rate in younger kids.
It may take up to a week after surgery before symptoms improve. Your doctor will give you antibiotic ointment or drops along with specific instructions on how to care for your child. | <urn:uuid:4a8dda6a-0c37-432c-b316-2cfd9ab08792> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=SanfordHealth&lic=199&cat_id=177&article_set=21306&ps=104 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00014-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960621 | 1,785 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Photo courtesy of Kris Thomas
Arrests, amidst a wider crackdown on protesters in Sri Lanka, threaten progress in tackling the economic crisis. Although a show of repressive force may be intended in part to promote stability, in reality it exhibits bad governance and will lead to worsening unrest. Political leaders and their backers should learn lessons from the grim events of July 1983 – when Ranil Wickremesinghe first become well known – and their aftermath. Those seeking greater justice may also find valuable learning points in a sombre past.
Cracking down on protests while ordinary people suffer
Shortages of necessities, soaring inflation and loss of income continue to cause misery to many people. Corruption and serious errors of judgement by a harshly authoritarian ruling family and their inner circle brought about catastrophe. People from minority communities are still waiting for news of loved ones forcibly disappeared by the state or faced other forms of mistreatment. The ousting of former president Gotabaya Rajapaksa through people power was a critical moment, offering fresh hope.
His replacement, Ranil Wickremesinghe, whom he had previously chosen as prime minister to help prop up his regime, came to power through the backing of ruling party MPs – not the break from the past that many sought. The new president is widely mistrusted. Yet some people, weary after months of hardship and harsh uncertainty, are willing to give him the benefit of the doubt.
However he has so far squandered opportunities to distance himself from the Rajapaksa family’s self-seeking and repressive ways and lack of concern for ordinary people. The police and army have attacked Galle Face and other protest sites, arrested several prominent protesters such as Dhaniz Ali and Veranga Pushpika and harassed journalists. Organisations and individuals have issued a civil society statement on attacks and reprisals against peaceful protesters, condemning “ongoing attacks including violence, false labeling and legal reprisals against unarmed peaceful protesters” and calling for “an immediate end to reprisals against those exercising their constitutionally protected rights to advocate for change.”
This wave of repression has been aided by draconian emergency regulations that seriously undermine human rights, giving the state greater powers of surveillance and control, make it easier to detain people for long periods on flimsy grounds and mistreat them when in custody and increase penalties for a range of offences including same sex acts, a relic of colonial-era oppressive laws. They were endorsed by Parliament, although voted against by some of the opposition.
Former Sri Lanka Human Rights Commission member Ambika Satkunanathan filed a fundamental rights petition that challenged the declaration of the state of emergency and the emergency regulations. She claimed that the regulations restricted the fundamental rights of the people and offered powers of search, arrest, detention and interrogation that were too broad.
People may understandably have varied views about what might be the most effective way, at this point, to take action on the hardships facing so many and make ongoing progress towards a more just and equal Sri Lanka. And the Aragalaya protest movement, like any other, is imperfect. However attempts to remove safeguards against abuse of state power threaten everyone. A statement by 1,640 Catholic priests, monks and nuns on the potential arrest of Father Jeevantha Peiris warned that “both the executive and legislature are now on a repressive path.”
President Wickremesinghe has tried to drive a wedge between those who continue to protest publicly and the wider public, claiming that the unrest in recent weeks has delayed a bail out by the International Monetary Fund. This may have limited success. Yet international partners are less than impressed by a government still under the sway of Rajapaksa loyalists and unwilling to take tough decisions that inconvenience the elite so that others can survive, let alone thinking creatively about a people-centred economy. And, while the corrupt and incompetent in, or connected with, government might find it convenient to be able swiftly to silence or punish whistle blowers and critics, this hardly encourages confidence.
According to the Federation of University Teachers, “Without political legitimacy this government cannot and will not be able to stabilize the Sri Lankan economy and due to its repressive actions, it is further eroding its stock of international goodwill and therefore jeopardizing economic aid and other support the country can potentially receive.”
Indeed the Sri Lankan authorities have been urged repeatedly by international partners to abide by basic standards of human rights and democracy. For instance the United Nations Human Rights Office criticised a raid on the protest camp near the president’s office in which journalists and lawyers were assaulted. Actions such as physically attacking a BBC journalist are unlikely to give the wider world an impression of stability and reliability. US Ambassador Julie Chung called for enhanced relations and pointedly tweeted that “Our countries and our people have been friends and partners for more than 70 years, relationships that will flourish in a Sri Lanka that embraces good governance, respects human rights, and listens to the aspirations of its people.”
In what might appear a conciliatory move, President Wickremesinghe wrote to MPs inviting them to join an all-party national government to help tackle the economic crisis. He also proposed starting a dialogue on reintroducing the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which would reduce the powers of the executive president. While some outside the dominant Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) seemed interested, others were not. As well as not wanting to let down many people seeking justice, perhaps they recognising that it could be ultimately damaging to them if they ended up sharing blame for future failures, betrayals and violations of social, economic and political rights. This might include changes to the economy, which ended up deepening the plight of the worst off while the rich and upper middle class enjoyed the benefits, and further waves of repression which may trigger wider resistance.
Remembering July 1983
President Wickremesinghe has had a high media profile in recent months. This brings back unhappy memories for some of us who are old enough to remember when he first became widely known, in the early 1980s.
He had become an unusually young cabinet member in the United National Party (UNP) government headed by his relative J.R Jayewardene and, by 1983, was education minister. The regime had become increasingly undemocratic and repressive towards members of the Tamil minority, trade unionists and others while economic reforms had been hard on many ordinary people. He was closely allied with another minister, Cyril Mathew, who openly promoted racial hatred against minorities, making out that Sinhalese Buddhists had the only true claim on the country. A pro-government “trade union” became a source of thugs who could be unofficially deployed to intimidate rivals.
In July, a carefully orchestrated wave of violence was unleashed mainly on Tamils. In often horrific scenes, some were killed (although others were sheltered by Sinhalese friends) and many more displaced. Ministers such as Mr. Wickremesinghe made it clear that they had little sympathy with the murdered, injured and bereaved and those who had lost their homes and livelihoods. In parliament he focused on lamenting the hardships that Sinhalese entrepreneurs had supposedly endured over the years while other communities were said to be given unfair advantages. In fact, many of those who suffered had been far from privileged even before the catastrophe that hit them.
The government at that time exploited what had happened to suppress some opposition parties, both Tamil and Sinhalese-led. Yet far from ushering in an era of order and stability under the ruling party, anger among Tamils at state racism, and many young Sinhalese from poorer communities at lack of opportunities, denied expression through the democratic process, turned to armed rebellion. These movements in turn descended into intimidation of, and violence against, opponents, worsening the plight of civilians.
Mr. Wickremesinghe continued to rise politically and later abandoned the extreme Sinhalese nationalism of his youth. But lack of empathy with those outside his social circle who were suffering persisted. If so sadly that was not unique.
He now has an opportunity to do the right thing and turn from the damaging path of enforcing repression and violating rights, instead embracing democracy and justice for all, although that might mean letting go of power and enabling a shift towards greater democracy. His political associates and members of the ruling or upper middle class who support him have the chance to push for an approach that is humane and prudent.
Perhaps enough Sri Lankans have discovered the effectiveness of non-violent direct action to reduce the risk of the worst consequences if and when enough people feel betrayed or desperate. But there are many risks in a scenario in which a handful of leaders hold excessive power and militarism flourishes while divisions of various kinds deepen. Fixing the current crisis will not be easy yet respect for human rights offers a solid foundation for progress to be made.
For the ordinary people too, there may be lessons to be learned. There have been moments of shared commitment and solidarity but, in the 1980s and early 1990s, all too often those who suffered in different ways and in different parts of the country did so separately or were even antagonistic to one another. Perhaps there was some sense of competition as to who was most victimised despite the degree of overlap.
To some extent this pattern remains. Part of this may be because political parties are often quite narrow in focus and mistrustful of movements over which they feel they have little control or which do not focus so much on their key concerns. But also there is a human tendency to relate more easily to those similar in identity or experience.
Certainly many Sinhalese Buddhists have grown disillusioned with the Rajapaksas and come to see that extreme racism is not in the interests of ordinary people of whatever ethnicity yet find it hard to grasp aspects of what Tamils and Muslims have been subjected to. And ethnic and religious minorities may be shut off from the plight of certain others while numerous people who are more prosperous are largely oblivious to the insecurities affecting their poorer neighbours and the risks if public services were cut or prices of basics continued to outstrip incomes, plus class exploitation and alienation.
When discrimination based on gender, caste, disability or being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender are thrown into the mix alongside individual differences, the challenges of being able to build ongoing fellowship and solidarity are all the greater. Yet the movement of recent months has opened up important opportunities: the question is whether it is possible to keep up and expand this aspect, reaching and engaging with a wider range of people and enabling them more fully to hear, understand and support one another. This may occur in parallel with practical measures to join in caring for those in most need.
Otherwise there is a strong chance that individuals and sections of the population may be picked off one by one by a state that maintains much of former president Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s contempt for human rights, sharing of power and accountability. Or militarism and a culture of violence (both the blatant kind and other sorts of preventable physical harm such as malnutrition, lack of hygiene and healthcare) could potentially spiral.
The crackdown on protesters and introduction of measures that could in future be used against large swathes of the population makes it harder to find a durable solution to the economic crisis and political instability. Those with higher levels of power, status and wealth would be wise to seek a way forward that is not at the expense of their less secure and fortunate neighbours or the situation may unravel again in damaging ways. And for others in country as well as all across the world who care about Sri Lanka, promoting mutual understanding and solidarity is crucial. | <urn:uuid:ac2e69f3-417c-49d8-8105-43e2db178db6> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://groundviews.org/2022/08/02/stabilising-sri-lanka-learning-from-july-1983/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651815.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605085657-20230605115657-00539.warc.gz | en | 0.971075 | 2,390 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Memo is the most commonly used written tool of internal communication. Managers heavily rely on the use of memo because of its following important advantages:
Advantages of Memo
Avoiding Distortion of Information: Memo helps to avoid distortion in messages that occur in internal oral communication.
Avoiding Misunderstanding: Memo provides all concerned with the same information. Therefore, there is little chance of any misunderstanding between the recipients of a message.
Preserving Information: Since memo is a written document, it can be preserved. Such preservation develops an information base in the organization and any one can access it whenever he needs.
Maintaining Consistency: Memo also helps managers to maintain consistency in their actions and decisions for recurring problems. By examining the previous records, they solve similar problems in a similar way.
Quick Exchange of Information: The use of memo is restricted within the boundary of the organization. Therefore, through writing memo any information can be exchanged throughout the whole organization very quickly.
Concise Presentation of Information: Memo is generally written concisely. Whatever the subject of memo is, it is written directly and concisely.
Less Expensive: Memo is a less expensive medium of communication. It does not require any mail or telephone expenses.
Use as Reference in Future: Since memo is a written document, it can be preserved and used as reference in future.
Disadvantages of Using Memo
Memo is a written means of internal communication. Although it is widely used in exchanging information within the organization, it has some limitations. The followings are some of its major disadvantages or limitation of using memo:
Limited Field of Application: The use of memo is restricted only within the boundary of the organization. It cannot be used in communication with any external party.
Not Suitable to the Illiterate People: Office memo is a kind of written communication. Therefore, it has no utility to the illiterate people.
Lace of Explanation: Memo is generally written concisely. Therefore, it does not provide any explanation or clarification of message to its readers.
Problem in Modification: If memo circulates any wrong information inadvertently, it cannot be revised instantly. For necessary rectification, it requires circulation of corrigendum.
Time Consuming: Formal memo requires time for drafting and circulating it to the various parties. | <urn:uuid:ebe7f9b7-d85c-4884-a3ab-9c9f5acfc3ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://thebusinesscommunication.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-memo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337529.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20221004215917-20221005005917-00778.warc.gz | en | 0.930151 | 484 | 3.28125 | 3 |
There is a report of a case in The Australian concerning a two year-old New South Wales child called “Peanut” (a nickname) who died at home as a result of physical abuse.
Some striking facts are revealed by this report:
- Members of child protection staff spent more than 40 hours recording decisions to take little or no action in this case in their computer system
- Despite fifteen separate referrals, only four hours were spent talking to the family, mostly by phone
- What is described as a “new prioritising regime” resulted in the child being misclassified as being a low priority case
Child protection workers in Britain will recognise familiar themes here. The Integrated Children’s System based on the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need was made the basis for local authorities’ computerised child protection recording systems. It proved time-consuming and difficult to use. Information was difficult to enter and difficult to retrieve. The system was widely criticised.
Research by Broadhurst et al provides an insight into how these “… faulty design elements at the front-door of children’s local authority services…” actually have the opposite to the intended effects. They do not make children safer and they distract workers from interacting with the family by introducing new and unwelcome bureaucratic tasks.
Some may believe that we have moved on in the last few years. But I see little evidence that the kind of bureaucratic thinking that underpins systems like ICS, and its counterparts in other parts of the world, has been replaced with approaches that are actually supportive of practice. Complex decisions cannot be made by algorithms, but by experienced and knowledgeable workers. Good situation awareness is not achieved by simply having more information, but by having the right information. Effective communication does not come from completing fields in a database; it comes from interacting with other people and understanding what they say. | <urn:uuid:c2a65a30-6a69-4780-8377-be12e79ae840> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://chrismillsblog.blogspot.com/2014/12/the-dangers-of-bureaucracy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020211313-20171020231313-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.975264 | 381 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Benin and Togo are two of the world's poorest countries, ranking 159 (Togo) and 166 ( Benin) out of 187 countries in the 2012 Human Development Index (UNDP report for 2013).
- Life expectancy at birth is 56.5 years.
- Under-5 mortality is 90 deaths per 1,000 live births.
- The average education of adults is 3.3 years.
- The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is high at 350 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
Learn more about our work in Benin and Togo.
Latest Stories From Benin
View all stories »»
|Population:||9,877,292 (July 2013 est.)|
|Size:||43,484 sq. mi.; slightly smaller than Pennsylvania|
CRS was established in Benin and Togo in 1958, two years before the country's independence. CRS' early years in Benin and Togo were characterized by projects to support rural communities in their economic, health, cultural and social development. Project activities included school feeding as well as health and nutrition activities.
PartnersThe Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
U.S. Agency for International Development | <urn:uuid:e8ec0c8a-2ef2-45da-bb4c-8d9ca85c48e7> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.crs.org/countries/benin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042991951.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002311-00297-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905203 | 255 | 2.75 | 3 |
Washington—Today, the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Corps of Engineers proposed a new rule which would help clarify what waters are regulated under the Clean Water Act. Heritage senior research fellow, Daren Bakst released the following response:
“The EPA and Corps should be commended for proposing a rule that respects the rule of law and recognizes the important role states play in protecting our nation’s waters. While the federal role in protecting water is important, the Clean Water Act was never envisioned as a tool for the federal government to effectively regulate almost every water. In fact, the Clean Water Act itself makes it expressly clear that states are supposed to play a leading role in water regulation, not the federal government.
“Congress recognized that cooperative federalism was the best approach to protect the environment. Our nation’s waters will be protected best when those closest to the environmental challenges identify the solutions, not when federal bureaucrats impose a one-size-fits all solution.
“There is of course still a lot to review regarding this proposed rule, and changes may be needed. However, the proposed rule is a good start. Today is a great day for the environment, the rule of law, and property owners across the country.” | <urn:uuid:54a97406-699e-4b58-a3e0-b4b95187931f> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-expert-praises-effort-rollback-wotus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710218.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127073607-20221127103607-00376.warc.gz | en | 0.95387 | 256 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Good visibility and perfect conditions, while diving on the German High Seas Fleet Scrap Sites (Scapa Flow Orkney), enabled the team to video amazing wreckage left behind following the salvage operations of the inter-war years.
The video clip above shows remains of the German Battlecruiser Von der Tann including one of the derricks, used for lifting the ship’s pinnace, and superstructure that became detached as the ship was raised and moved across Scapa Flow, Orkney.
Marine archaeologist, Sandra Henry from Orkney Research Centre for Archaeology (ORCA), the University of the Highlands and Islands Archaeology Institute and Kevin Heath from SULA Diving completed a dive on the German High Seas Fleet scrap sites in early spring.
Concentrating on sites located through side scan sonar survey completed in phase one, the archaeologists recorded and documented extensive remains of the First World War fleet that still lie on the seabed. The conditions underwater were perfect and visibility was good, allowing the divers to take some excellent photographs and video footage while recording and surveying the wreckage left behind following the inter-war salvage efforts on the scuttled German High Seas Fleet.
The salvaging of the German High Seas Fleet in the 1920s-40s raised battleships, battlecruisers and destroyers from the seabed for scrapping at dockyard sites further south such as Rosyth. Today the remains of these ships and their associated salvage lie on the seabed, continuing to tell the story of the High Seas Fleet in Scapa Flow, and providing an exciting and interesting heritage resource.
Sandra Henry added, “The story of the scuttling of the High Seas Fleets and the later salvage operation have come to life through the recording and documentation of the ship remains present on the seabed in Scapa Flow. This project, funded by Historic Environment Scotland, will gather data which will be used to protect and monitor these sites for public engagement and enjoyment.”
The project is designed to showcase the significant wreckage of the scrap sites of the German High Seas Fleet and was conducted on behalf of Historic Environment Scotland.
To catch up on full details of the project click our posts German High Seas Fleet Scrap Site Survey in Scapa Flow & Diving on the German High Seas Fleet Scrap Sites.
All images copyright UHI Archaeology Institute. | <urn:uuid:af2bbc68-416c-4746-95d5-272cc8f50668> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://archaeologyorkney.com/2017/05/05/video-images-of-the-german-high-seas-fleet-scrap-sites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662541747.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521205757-20220521235757-00433.warc.gz | en | 0.946159 | 490 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Metal Detector Guide
A metal detector is an electronic device that’s used for finding metallic items in hidden places such as under the ground.
How does a detector discover metallic gadgets?
The metal detectors are supplied with magnetic coils which are meant to have interaction with the metals that are near. Therefore, the instant you place the detector on the ground, an attraction among the coils in the detector and the metals to be had happens therefore notifying you the spot to have a look at. One of the most metals detected via the device come with iron, copper, brass, aluminum, tin, lead, gold, silver, bronze, jewels, cash and plenty of others. A metal detector is a reliable device for locating buried metals taking into consideration that it mean you can find various kinds of metals.
One essential thing to bear in mind despite the fact that is that there are wide types of metal detector gadgets available on the market to make a choice from. So, what must you search for when on the lookout for a new detector?
The extent of sensitivity
The sensitivity ranges within the detectors resolve the type of objects it is going to be capable of find in that space. A few metals require highly sensitive gadgets, and there are those who get attracted pretty easily. As an example, small metals just like the jewels or even cash desire a detector that has a prime level of sensitivity for the reason that it’s straightforward to seek out them particularly if they are buried underground. Then again, for large items which might be hidden underground, the usage of a low sensitive detector will work accurately for you for the reason that gadgets are straightforward to locate. Also, it is strongly recommended that you simply buy a sensor that has flexible, sensitive choices seeing that you can also are looking to use it in different prerequisites and even areas.
This is among the very best features that you will have to glance out for whilst buying the new detector. It’s because it makes your work straightforward when finding natural metals. A discrimination feature is utilized in discovering the precise metals via determining the responses from the metals at the space that you’re searching. Each and every mettalic object has its reaction while attracted by a magnetic instrument and due to this fact, this feature allows you to recognize the kind of steel positioned in that house through exhibiting the response on the machine. Note that the price of a detector with this feature is quite prime. Additionally, when shopping for a detector with discrimination, check out the degrees available seeing that they vary in levels.
The associated fee
How much are you willing to spend on obtaining a metal detector? Well, this will have to be the first query you ask yourself prior to you head to the store to shop for one. The latest detectors are equipped with totally different features, and the elements determine the price. Therefore, if you need a sensor that has all of the above options, then you must be prepared to spend a few more greenbacks due to the fact that it will cost you more as opposed to acquiring simple detector.
You might have considered trying a metal detector that can be used by way of all the circle of relatives particularly when you pass out hunting, tenting or even mountaineering. Therefore, to be sure that everyone will have the ability to use the detector easily imagine buying an adjustable indicator that you can building up in length for higher use.
The area to use it
Some metal detectors are designed to be used in locations that don’t have high concentrated soils or areas that aren’t deep, whilst others are made with an adjustable mechanism which allows you to use it in several places. Therefore, if you realize that you are going to be using the software in numerous areas, consider getting the adjustable one for easy use. Observe that an adjustable metal detector will value you more versus the easy one.
Every metal detector has to have an feature that notifies you while you get just about the metals on the ground. Some metal detectors are bought with headphones, and others are provided with LED notifications on the LCD monitors for a similar function.
The options to check for
Radar is the feature that is answerable for figuring out the sizes and the densities of the metals available on the ground. This feature is principally advisable for folks engaged in finding treasures or gold at the deep levels of the land.
The detection technology
The newest detectors are designed with totally different detecting era, and due to this fact, you are looking to decide what you’ll be searching with the software ahead of shopping for it. The ways are grouped into 3 classes which are the BFO, VLF, and PI.
BGO is the simplest generation and detectors with this technology consist of about coils of the magnet. It is an ideal for in search of metals that are on the topsoil or hidden on different items.
VLF – This tool is perfect for those who need to pick positive metals from the ground. It works by means of releasing frequency magnetic at the floor. Then when the magnet reaches to the ground, it movements till it comes throughout a selected steel, after which displays the software. You cans setup the VLF to mirror simplest when it comes into contact with the type of metal you might be hunting for.
PI is a fine quality technology that is answerable for finding the metals which can be deep within the flooring. The technology can be set in some way that it’ll simplest pinpoint and provide you with a warning while it comes into touch with that metal object. It is principally used by individuals who hunt for treasures or gold deep underground. | <urn:uuid:f95489a5-5fa9-4440-811f-c4e6052e54a9> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.topmetaldetectorsreviews.com/metal-detecting-detector-detection-fishing-dirt-t-shirt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949093.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330004340-20230330034340-00495.warc.gz | en | 0.94862 | 1,154 | 2.59375 | 3 |
derplang is an esoteric language, created by JesseH in 2013. It is pronounced derp-ling or derpling. The goal was to create a language that is somewhat confusing and hard to remember, and to give Hobbyist Programmers a fresh new way to travel their text editor. This is because a derplang script was intentionally to be all on one line, so that you have to scroll left and right, instead of up and down. However if you absolutely have to, you have divide them among multiple lines.
||(va:x:y:) - Declares the variable x with the value of y.|
||(ou:x:) - Prints x.|
||(co:z:x:y:) - Declares a variable z with the conacentated value of x and y.|
||(ad:z:x:y:) - Declares a number variable with the value of x + y.|
||(su:z:x:y:) - Declares a number variable with the value of x - y.|
||(mu:z:x:y:) - Declares a number variable with the value of x * y.|
||(di:z:x:y:) - Declares a number variable with the value of x / y.|
||(ip:x:) - Declares a variable x with the value of the input the user typed in.|
||(go:x:) - Hops to the xth part of the program.|
||(la:x:) - Creates label called x which go can go to.|
||(eq:x:y:j:k:) - If x == y goto j else goto k.|
||(gt:x:y:j:k:) - If x > y goto j else goto k.|
||(lt:x:y:j:k:) - If x < y goto j else goto k.|
Every "token" has to have a colon at the end. A "token" can be defined as a command, or argument.
Hello World Script
Prints "Hello World!"
What is your name?
ou:What's your name?:ip:x:ou:x:
Get's input, and prints it.
la:start: ou:spam!: go:start:
If x is equal to y, program hops to the first statement, if not, it hops to the fourteenth statement.
va:x:100:la:start:su:x:x:1:ou:x:ou:bottles of beer!:eq:x:0:END:start:
Come to #esoteric on Freenode, and ping JesseH. | <urn:uuid:d7e09997-5298-428d-8cb9-acc8febcdde9> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | http://esolangs.org/wiki/Derplang | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202628.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20190322034516-20190322060516-00216.warc.gz | en | 0.688996 | 595 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Nanoparticle research and the future of medicineDecember 18, 2012 in Nanotechnology / Bio & Medicine
(Phys.org)—A review paper by UCD researchers describing how nanoparticles can gather a cloak of molecules onto themselves in the human body is featured on the front cover of Nature Nanotechnology.
Nanoparticles have dimensions of less than 100 nanometres. They are of scientific interest because at this scale materials engage with cells and organisms in a completely new way, explains the paper's lead author Professor Kenneth Dawson, Director of the Centre for NanoBioInteractions at University College Dublin.
"That can be good - you can do all sorts of new things with nanoparticles. You can cross biological barriers that you couldn't normally cross, and deliver nanoparticles into organs you couldn't usually access," he says.
"But for that very same reason we also address the safety question, because particles can accumulate in high concentrations in tissues where they wouldn't normally go."
This understanding will support the safe implementation of nanotechnology, as well as its effective application in drug delivery and therapeutics, he adds.
Professor Dawson and colleagues at University College Dublin have made important insights into what happens when a 'bare' nanoparticle gets into a new environment, whether it's a living organism or a milieu such as a river. They have shown that nanoparticles draw down or adsorb molecules onto their surfaces to form a cloak known as a corona, and it's this corona of proteins and fats that ultimately interacts with the body rather than the nanoparticle material itself.
"Nanoparticles cloak themselves in quite different ways than previous larger particles or drug molecules, meaning they can acquire almost the full range of biological activities that proteins can," says Professor Dawson. "[And] whatever is adsorbed onto the nanoparticle becomes its address label, and that influences how the nanoparticle will function in the body."
There's also some evidence that as a nanoparticle moves through various parts of the body it could retain a 'corona memory' of where it has been, and that could affect how nanoparticles distribute in different organs.
Professor Dawson and his team at UCD have been developing tools to analyse the patchwork of molecules that make up the corona under different experimental circumstances.
"A lot of brilliant young colleagues have been involved in helping build this story, and it is a pleasure to see them also achieve recognition," he says.
"We have come a long way from the early days when these ideas seemed unfamiliar to most scientists in nanotechnology. The concept has now come of age: it is now the broadly accepted paradigm in the research community. Now we know where we are going. It is time to see if we can overcome some of the barriers to making practical advances."
Provided by University College Dublin
"Nanoparticle research and the future of medicine" December 18, 2012 http://phys.org/news/2012-12-nanoparticle-future-medicine.html | <urn:uuid:44d02603-3cfd-4ef0-aa8a-2b3d567cc2d8> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://phys.org/print275044108.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698540804.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170900-00375-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950871 | 613 | 3.328125 | 3 |
In 2002, the Department of Computer Science at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, was facing a major problem - too many students failing the Bachelor of Computer Science program.
A lack of cohesion and sequencing between the different courses in the program were identified from feedback from students and from discussion between faculty within the department. Students often did not know why they should choose specific courses in the program, nor in which order they should register in them. Students entered the program wanting, for example, to be a star video game designer, but had no idea what courses would be appropriate. In particular, the core theory students needed for other content areas was not available early enough in the program.
The faculty, therefore, decided there was a need for a core curriculum that all students should cover in order to complete successfully the program. However, among faculty, there was no agreement or shared understanding of what that 'core' computer science curriculum was.
To help resolve this challenge, the Faculty of Computer Science decided to develop a tool to assist program design and review and to help students and instructors better understand all the academic components of the degree program. To do this, a learning outcomes approach was chosen as the basis for a curriculum map to facilitate the discussion of curricular issues.
The exercise was led by the current Associate Dean of the Faculty of Science, Professor Christian Blouin, in a partnership between the Provost's office and the Centre for Learning and Teaching. The result is the creation of an online curriculum planning tool called Daedalus. Daedalus was a Greek god, who among other things, created the Labyrinth that contained the Minotaur.
The aim was to develop a map showing the inter-relatedness between specific learning outcomes, course content, and course and learning outcome sequencing.
To do this, each faculty member was asked to identify the learning outcomes for their course by answering the following question:
“What is the smallest amount of information a student will need to answer the key questions in this course?”
Once these learning outcomes were identified, they were tagged (coded) so they could be linked to other relevant learning outcomes in the program. Using the tags, a learning outcome could be linked backward to a pre-requisite learning outcome or forward to an outcome for which it would be a pre-requisite.
Then agreement was sought among faculty about:
- The importance of each learning outcome within the program; and
- Where in the program each learning outcome would be best addressed, in relation to any pre-requisites and its link to learning outcomes that followed.
By 2012, the first online 'working map' was developed. Figure 1 is the course map for CSCI 2110, showing there are two pre-requisite courses, CSCI 1101 and CSCI 1100, and CS 2110 is a pre-requisite for nine courses at the next level and six courses at the level beyond.
Linked to this course map for CSCI 2110 are two sets of learning outcomes (see Figure 2 below): one for assumed learning outcomes the student should already have covered before taking this course, and then a list of the learning outcomes covered by the course itself.
Each of the listed outcomes is 'hot linked' so a student or instructor can click on the outcome. This leads to a screen (see Figure 3) that provides the following information on the learning outcome:
- Pre-requisite learning outcomes (also hot-linked for more information);
- Why do I need to learn that? (indicating other learning outcomes dependent on this learning outcome; and
- Which course or courses cover this learning outcome.
A more detailed explanation of the curriculum mapping tool can be found here: https://www.dal.ca/sites/daedalus/services.html
An appropriate mechanism for curriculum discussion at the program level is critical for the success of the tool, to enable the learning outcomes and their appropriate sequence to be discussed and agreed. The Faculty of Computer Science at Dalhousie established a curriculum committee for this purpose.
In particular, a bottom-up approach is needed where learning outcomes are identified by individual instructors who then come together for discussion and agreement at a program level.
The software to develop the curriculum map is relatively simple, using a relational database. It is left to each instructor to decide how learning outcomes should be categorized, although the Daedalus team provides technical support such as data entry.
Benefits and Outcomes
The main benefit of the mapping tool is it provides a framework or stimulus for an objective, rationale discussion about curriculum content, learning outcomes, and course and content sequencing. Its most common use is when someone (instructor or student) challenges the need for a pre-requisite learning outcome in a specific course.
The tool also led to the development of an efficient, logically sequenced bachelor's program that provides a strong foundation in computer science, by providing a 'whole world' view of the curriculum and avoiding overloading of courses and unnecessary duplication. In particular, core theory was moved into first year courses to support later learning outcomes.
Almost as important though is the information the tool provides to students in the program about what they are learning, why, and in what sequence. Indeed, students now complain if a particular instructor strays outside the curriculum map.
It is also a major help to new instructors who can see where their own courses fit within the overall structure, and provides a framework for determining and defining the learning outcomes for their own courses.
There are now over 40 programs across a wide range of academic departments at Dalhousie University using a curriculum map, with a further 11 other universities using Daedalus.
Challenges and Enhancements
The main challenge was getting instructors to be able to define (and agree upon) learning outcomes. Daedalus includes training materials on defining learning outcomes and the Centre for Teaching and Learning also offers workshops and short presentations on the topic.
Initially there was one category of tags (courses), but other tags or sub-tags can be, and are being added, such as searching outcomes by topics.
The next step is to develop a self-advising tool for students on course choices.
Although computer science is a rapidly changing area of knowledge, at the undergraduate level the 'core' of the subject is not rapidly changing, at least not until the final year. It is nevertheless an ongoing exercise to analyze new developments in computer science to identify the potential implications for earlier stages of the curriculum map.
There is also a danger of focusing too much on the tool and not enough on the policies that structure the tool. The tool is basically a container but it can influence the way instructors conform to its shape. Thus ensuring there are appropriate mechanisms for curriculum discussion and a 'bottom-up' approach to defining learning outcomes is essential for success.
This tool is invaluable for any program with an emphasis on developing and measuring specific learning outcomes, and for competency-based learning.
Even (or especially) in areas where learning outcomes are more difficult to define or measure, the tool could be useful for tracking more general learning outcomes, such as the development of critical thinking or problem-solving skills, so their development can be tracked across different courses in the same program. In particular, the tool is invaluable for generating a structured discussion on such curricula.
Professor Blouin and his team are willing to work with other departments and colleges or universities who would like to test or use the tool.
Professor Christian Blouin
Faculty of Computer Science
Halifax, Nova Scotia | <urn:uuid:e8bb29fa-bd3d-4fe5-9f69-9d0f439ba48c> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://teachonline.ca/pockets-innovation/daedalus-online-curriculum-mapping-tool-dalhousie-university-nova-scotia-canada | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256858.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522143218-20190522165218-00010.warc.gz | en | 0.952861 | 1,545 | 3.5 | 4 |
For years, the European Union has encouraged its member countries to improve their track record on water reuse. A new industry group plans to give the effort some momentum.
Water recycling is about to find its flow in Europe.
A commercial and public-service trade group, Water Reuse Europe, launched last month with the support of the European Union. The group aims to boost resources for managing wastewater sustainably across Europe.
WRE was formally introduced by its chairman, Paul Jeffrey, at the EurEau Congress meeting in Copenhagen on September 19.
“Water reuse is going to be an important part of the mix of techniques which delivers sustainable and resilient water services,” Jeffrey, a professor at Cranfield University’s Water Science Institute, said in a statement. “Europe now has an industry-focused association dedicated to ensuring that the European water reuse sector is able to deliver innovative and safe water reuse solutions.”
The organization expects the reuse of water to grow by 20 percent annually in Europe. According to its mission statement, WRE hopes to “create a collective identity for the water reuse sector across Europe.”
The group says it will be a one-stop resource on agricultural, commercial, governmental, and industrial tools in reusing water. Members are expected to include commercial companies, public bodies, universities, research divisions, and trade and professional associations. WRE will share developments and provide educational events for members to take on water-reuse projects.
WRE’s trump card may be support from the European Union, which has reported that EU countries could potentially reuse as much as 6 billion cubic meters of treated wastewater annually—about triple the current volume. (That’s despite the challenges that surround public acceptance of some uses of recycled wastewater.)
Philippe Bréant, a WRE board member, said the group is well positioned to help meet that goal.
“Water Reuse Europe provides the support, ambition, and coordination needed to rapidly grow the European water reuse industry and create a truly global player in this increasingly important sector over the coming years,” Bréant, research and innovation projects director of Veolia, a resource management company, said in a statement. | <urn:uuid:ff202be9-5fd7-4e3b-879e-e60fe1d2cc3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://associationsnow.com/2016/10/new-water-reuse-group-gets-european-union-backing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608652.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526090406-20170526110406-00439.warc.gz | en | 0.941047 | 453 | 2.515625 | 3 |
11 Mar NEW STUDY: Scientists spot a spike in stimulant and antibiotic use in certain phases of your menstrual cycle–what’s this mean for you?
A new study in the journal Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety examined the use of medications across the menstrual cycle–and it has some intriguing findings about stimulant and antibiotic use that appear to spike at certain times in the menstrual cycle. Here’s a little about the research–and what it could mean for you:
In the study, 259 women between the ages of 18 and 44 who were not taking hormone birth control were monitored across two menstrual cycles. The volunteers kept a diary recording their daily medication intakes, such as painkillers, cough and cold remedies, allergy medicines, stomach treatments and central nervous system (CNS) prescriptions (such as Adderall, which is used for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ephedrine, which is a stimulant, and certain migraine medications including Imitrex, Axert and Relpax).
All in all, nearly three-quarters of the women in the study took some kind of medication during the two-month study, giving the researches plenty to examine. And, using the women’s diaries, the researchers were able to pinpoint certain patterns in some medications–specifically, pain medications, antibiotics and CNS drugs–which were used more often at certain points in the volunteers’ menstrual cycles.
Surprising no one, pain medication (such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen) peaked during menstruation. Menstrual cramp pain is no joke and running for an OTC painkiller is usually the first line of defense for many women. (However, there are many natural remedies worth trying since OTC meds like these come with serious health risks, such as stomach bleeding, liver damage and heart attack.)
Migraine medication use also peaked during periods. Menstrual migraines are a common problem affecting up to 51% of cycling females, myself included, so again no shocker there. (There are also natural remedies you can try to both prevent and ease migraine pain.)
But, interestingly, the use of Adderall and ephedrine also peaked during menstruation–and, in fact, Adderall was used more frequently by study participants than migraine medications despite none of the participants claiming to be under the care of a doctor for ADHD.
Another interesting finding was that antibiotic use peaked during the second half of the menstrual cycle–with a sudden steep rise at the end of Week 3 (around Day 22 in a 28-day cycle) when progesterone peaks. In this study, the women who used antibiotics said they did so for cold or flu symptoms, sinus infections, strep throat or sore throat, urinary tract infections, vaginal bacterial infection, upper respiratory infection and mononucleosis (a virus that causes severe flu-like symptoms).
So, what’s this mean for you?
Let’s start with the Adderall and ephedrine. While the study authors didn’t ask the volunteers why they took these drugs, they cast doubt on the notion they were used primarily to treat ADHD because they specifically asked potential study participants if they were taking medications for conditions like this as part of the study’s pre-screening process. The researchers also point to the fact that most of the women enrolled in this study were college students–and the use of these drugs peaked around mid-terms and final exams. So, they speculate that some women may have been using these drugs for their stimulant properties to help study during a time of low pep and/or to boost mood during a stressful time that was exacerbated by menstrual moodiness.
Now, I’m not here to judge. I’m not here to tell you taking stimulants is bad. We didn’t have these kinds of drugs when I was in college. (Heck, we didn’t even have computers or cell phones yet. True story.) So, I don’t know if I would have tried them back then. But, as a health journalist now who’s reported on a multitude of study-proven natural remedies and who prefers to promote a healthy lifestyle, I wouldn’t be doing my job if I didn’t point out that there are drug-free, natural ways to get a push in energy or mood during your period if you need it:
- Take a multivitamin with iron all cycle long. Iron loss as you bleed during menstruation is one key factor behind period-related fatigue. Taking iron in a supplement (aim for 18 mg. daily) or loading up on iron-rich foods (such as beans, lentils, spinach and lean beef) can help replenish your body’s store of this energizing mineral. Bonus: Women who take a daily multivitamin have better moods and energy, research shows.
- Go for a brisk walk. Or take a bike ride or jump in a pool or grab a hula hoop. Invigorating exercise sends a surge of oxygen-rich blood to the brain, waking you up. Plus, exercise is a potent stress-buster and mood-booster that prompts the production of feel-good chemicals in the brain.
- Listen to up-tempo music. Research shows that your body syncs up with the racing beat of fast music, which sends your pep soaring. Plus, your favorite music triggers the release of dopamine in the brain, which is the same rewarding chemical released when you take stimulants. Make this tip even more effective by turning up the volume. But, not while wearing earphones, since that can lead to hearing issues, such as hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in your ears).
- Play an action-packed or timed video game. The thrill of these kinds of video games spurs a surge in adrenaline–a natural stimulant that revs alertness and get-up-and-go.
Now let’s talk about the spike in antibiotic use during the end of Week 3. While the study authors say more research is needed to figure out why this steep climb in antibiotic use occurs, they theorize that it could be due to times in your cycle when your immunity is lowered and your risk of infection is greater. Indeed, numerous studies have already pinpointed one spot in your cycle when your immune system weakens–and it just happens to be about a week before this sudden need for anti-b’s: It’s during ovulation, which occurs at the end of your Week 2.
During this phase of your cycle, your immune system weakens slightly, making you more vulnerable to infections from bacteria, viruses and yeast, for instance, you’re more likely to catch a cold, be bothered by a stomach bug, develop an infection in a wound, catch an STD or struggle with a yeast infection. Researchers theorize that high estrogen triggers this drop in immunity to help prevent the body from attacking sperm during ovulation, upping your chance of pregnancy.
I have my own theory about this antibiotic spike and if you don’t mind a little armchair quarterbacking, I’ll share it: During the first half of your cycle–your Week 1 and Week 2–your rising estrogen makes you far more daring and less concerned with safety compared to the second half of your cycle–your Week 3 and Week 4–which is when lower estrogen and rising progesterone push you to be safer and take precautions.
So, my hunch is that we’re taking fewer health and safety measures in the first half of our cycle, for example, we’re not washing our hands as often, we’re getting too close to someone who’s sneezing, we’re not keeping wounds clean and dry, and so on. Then, coupled with our weaker immune system at the end of our Week 2–which is coincidentally when our estrogen peaks, making our carefree attitude about our health peak–we get a double-whammy that sets us up for a higher risk of getting ill or developing an infection.
In addition, because we’re more cautious in our Week 3 as progesterone rises, our worry about our health rises so we head to the doctor to stop whatever ick we got from getting a whole lot worse. And, while we’re there, we’re offered or we ask for antibiotics to make us well again–even in instances when antibiotics don’t work, such as with cold viruses. (As a reminder, frequent antibiotic use during times when they’re ineffective–for instance, for cold viruses–can reduce their effectiveness in the future when you need them–for instance, for bacterial infections.)
So, what can you do with this information? I recommend taking more precautions during the first half of your cycle to improve your chances of staying healthy, for instance, by washing your hands more often, using antibacterial gel, cleaning cuts and steering clear of coughers and sneezers.
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Affiliate links help support this website, but in no way affect its content. | <urn:uuid:54ba086a-7916-45cd-b066-4405c8238b2a> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.myhormonology.com/new-study-scientists-spot-a-spike-in-stimulant-and-antibiotic-use-in-certain-phases-of-your-menstrual-cycle-whats-this-mean-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572235.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915175150-20190915201150-00324.warc.gz | en | 0.941239 | 2,294 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe has a near impossible feat to accomplish in the new year—convince Vladimir Putin to give up Russian territory.
The land in question is a chain of tiny islands known as the Southern Kurils to Russia and the Northern Territories to Japan, and the dispute over them has dogged relations between the Pacific neighbors since the end of World War II. In recent weeks, the two countries have signaled renewed efforts to bring the disagreement to an end.
The two leaders met in Singapore in November and agreed to move forward with negotiations to return the islands of Shikotan and Habomai to Japan, based on a 1956 joint declaration signed by the then Soviet Union. Further progress on that stalled after Japan also demanded the return of two other islands that make up the majority of the territory in dispute.
Abe’s recent posture, however, suggests that he is willing to accept the return of just two of the islands in return for a peace treaty with Russia. The leaders could meet in late January in Russia, the Kremlin said this month.
The four islands are the southernmost of a chain stretching between the two nations, and were signed to Japan by Russia in 1855, but the Soviet Union seized them at the end of World War II. Today, Japanese are able to visit the islands under a visa-free arrangement between the two countries, with visitors including (paywall) those who want to pay respects to their ancestors buried there, or to visit the hometowns of their relatives.
The compromise of settling for the return of just two of the islands is gaining acceptance in Japan, with 46% of people (paywall) in a survey conducted in November supporting such a move. In Russia, however, handing over the islands—where thousands of Russians are currently living—is extremely unpopular (paywall) among the public.
For Abe and Putin, settling such a long-running territorial dispute would be a boost to their legacies, but a peace treaty could also viewed as a way counterbalancing China’s (paywall) growing influence in the region.
But it seems that a resolution is more beneficial to Japan than to Russia. As Dmitri V. Streltsov, a Japanese studies expert at the Russian Academy of Science recently argued (paywall), in addition to a lack of public support for returning any of the islands to Japan, most Russians simply don’t see Japan as a strategic priority for Russia, particularly at a time when relations with the US—which also happens to be Japan’s closest ally and security guarantor—are in such a tense state.
Japan’s relationship with the US has, in fact, long colored Russia’s intransigence toward the disputed islands. Moscow fears that if the islands are returned to Japan, the US could build military bases there, and the Kremlin already sees Japan’s recent decision to deploy a US-made missile-defense system as a military threat. Putin has pooh-poohed the idea that Japan has any control over the location of US bases by drawing attention at his annual year-end press conference to the construction of a new American facility (paywall) in Okinawa that has gone ahead despite strong local opposition.
Russia has continued its military fortification of the islands, and earlier this month said it would build new barracks for troops on Iturup (Etorofu) and Kunashir (Kunashiri). Japan has lodged an official protest against the move. Japanese media also reported today (Dec. 31) that, according to a government document drafted a few months ago, Russia is planning to increase its missile-defense capabilities in the waters near Hokkaido by 2020. | <urn:uuid:900e1ad2-ef6f-45b7-ba69-26d7e2ed7c60> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://qz.com/1511784/japan-has-a-modest-new-years-goal-convince-russia-to-give-up-territory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500334.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206082428-20230206112428-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.969475 | 758 | 2.90625 | 3 |
An annotated list of the species of Ensete, Musa and Musella.
This annotated list started life as a simple attempt to resolve inconsistencies and ambiguities in nomenclature of the ornamental Musaceae encountered in various standard horticultural texts. The scope has widened somewhat to attempt to include all published taxa, and their synonyms (including pre-Linnean names), the majority of which are never likely to be encountered in horticulture whether for fruit production or ornamental use. The information presented is summarised here.
The Musaceae has been exploited by man for food for millennia and contributes staple crops to many regions of the world. It is probable that the banana was one of the first fruit-bearing plants to receive attention in the early development of agriculture more than 4,000 years ago (the first development of agriculture is generally reckoned to have occurred about 10,000 years ago). A number of distinct groups of edible bananas have been developed from species of Musa. By far the largest and now the most widely distributed group is derived from Musa acuminata (mainly) and Musa balbisiana either alone or in various hybrid combinations. Dividing the genus into sections, Musa acuminata is now placed in the section Eumusa (Musa) 1 and Musa balbisiana in section Eumusa (Musa) 2. The next and much smaller group is derived from members of the section Australimusa and is restricted in importance to Polynesia. Of even more restricted importance are small groups of hybrids in Papua New Guinea; a section Eumusa (Musa) 1 group to which Musa schizocarpa has also contributed and a group of section Eumusa (Musa) 1 x section Australimusa hybrids.
In addition to the direct consumption of the fruit of Musa as food, the fruit and other parts of the plant have various other uses. A selection of links to websites dealing with economic botany and ethnobotany is given on the genus Musa page. Specific uses for plants are mentioned in the species pages.
Apart from Musa other members of the family are also consumed or used for various purposes. The young flowering stems of Ensete ventricosum are a staple source of human food in parts of Ethiopia. Ensete glaucum is cultivated, or perhaps merely used sometimes as a vegetable in south-east Asia. The genus Ensete also yields a useful fibre, its commercial cultivation for this purpose has been investigated, certain types have medicinal uses or religious significance and the large seeds are used for ornament. Musella lasiocarpa is also said to be consumed in China (often for animal food but also sometimes as human food) and has medicinal uses too.
The Musaceae is also exploited in ornamental horticulture; as a source of garden and patio plants, indoor pot plants and cut flowers.
[The section name Eumusa is very commonly used in the literature but following article 32 of the the ICBN it is illegal and the section should properly be named section Musa. Eumusa is widely used to prevent confusion between the genus Musa and the section Musa. By convention taxa above the genus level are not commonly italicised.]
Musaceae nomenclature in standard horticultural texts and nursery and seed catalogues is ambiguous, inconsistent, incomplete and sometimes wrong. There are various reasons for this.
First, taxonomy is a dynamic discipline and the Musaceae are no different to other families in being subject to periodic revision by and sometimes disagreement among taxonomists. Changes periodically affect all levels of classification. For example, in the first edition (1987) of The Plant-Book Mabberley uses Cronquist's System for the arrangement of Angiosperm families and provides the following classification:
Subclass Zingiberidae Order Zingiberales Family Strelitziaceae Heliconiaceae Musaceae Lowiaceae Zingiberaceae
In the second edition of The Plant-Book Mabberley (1997) uses Kubitzki's System which alters the classification as follows:
Subclass Zingiberidae Order Zingiberales Family Musaceae
incl. Strelitziaceae & Heliconiaceae
However, most authorities have maintained Strelitziaceae, Heliconiaceae as families separate from the Musaceae, e.g. Watson & Dallwitz (1992 onwards) and Berry & Kress (1991).
Recent comparative studies of plastid and nuclear gene sequences coupled with the application of cladistics is providing a new, somewhat controversial, ordinal classification of flowering plants (Bremer et al 1998). The Zingiberales have been only slightly affected by such studies (see Kress & Hahn 1997 and Genera Zingiberarum).
Superorder Zingiberanae Order Zingiberales Family Musaceae Strelitziaceae Lowiaceae Heliconiaceae Costaceae Zingiberaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae
Links to particularly useful web pages for other families within the Zingiberales are in the table above.
There have also been changes at the genus level. The 1931 edition of Willis, the pre-cursor of Mabberley's Plant-book, lists Musa as the only genus in the Musaceae. Although Horaninow described Ensete as early as 1862 the genus did not receive widespread recognition until revived by Cheesman in 1947. Mabberley, Cullen and recent RHS publications still include only two genera in the Musaceae, Ensete and Musa. The situation of Musella remains somewhat controversial. Musella lasiocarpa has been round the taxonomic block, being placed first in Musa and then in Ensete before it was placed in its own genus in 1978. We await the final word on Musella.
The largest genus, Musa, has historically been divided into six sections viz., Australimusa, Callimusa, Ingentimusa, Eumusa (Musa) 1 & 2 and Rhodochlamys. These sections do not have formal taxonomic significance but they are useful in discussing relationships between bananas. The five sections have recently been reduced to three. Previously the 2n = 20 chromosome species were separated into the sections Australimusa and Callimusa and the 2n = 22 chromosome species were separated into the sections Eumusa (Musa) and Rhodochlamys. Studies by Carol Wong and colleagues in Singapore have revealed that genetic differences between each section in the same chromosome group are smaller than those within each section. This means that the traditional separation of the sections can no longer be substantiated. The studies of Wong et al do, however, maintain the separation between the 20 and 22 chromosome species. The 2n = 14 Musa ingens remains in its own section. The morphological differences that once supported the separation of the sections are no longer considered important in determining sectional status. It remains to be seen whether Carol Wong's results are substantiated.
Changes have been equally great at the species level and are by no means complete. Cheesman is the father of modern Musaceae taxonomy and it may come as a surprise that the proper definition of Ensete and a number of very significant Musa species including Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana is as recent as Cheesman's work in the 1940's and 50's. Willis (1931) noted that Musa contained 80 species but he did not list them. This number has now been reduced considerably with the separation out of Ensete by Cheesman and the recognition that a number of Musa "species" were actually hybrids. A strong case has also been made for abandoning Linnean binomials that were applied mistakenly to sterile Musa hybrids cultivated for fruit and which still cause confusion today (see below). As a counter to these downward pressures the number of species is increasing again as new taxa are discovered and described.
For the record, most authorities now give the number of Musa species as 35 to 42 (59 are listed here) and the number of Ensete species as 7 to 9 (6 are listed here). Musella is probably monotypic. No one knows for sure the precise number of species in the Musaceae which is anyway not an especially important fact in itself.
A second reason for the inconsistencies in the literature is that the family is difficult to study. Hot spots of Musaceae biodiversity are in areas that are difficult, sometimes even dangerous to travel and work in. It is difficult to obtain and prepare adequate herbarium material especially of the massive inflorescences. As a result, and despite its importance as a source of valuable food plants, the family is still incompletely known after some 200 years study. Studies of plant genome structure are being applied to the taxonomy of the Musaceae with fascinating results and are likely to result in further changes within the family. Some of the species mentioned here are vulnerable to reduction as further synonymy or even hybridity is uncovered. But new species await discovery and/or formal description. For example, new species are emerging from Borneo where, sadly, destruction of the rainforest facilitates their discovery. IndoChina is still botanically very little known and likely to yield new species. These are exciting times for those interested in the Musaceae.
Thirdly, Musaceae taxonomy is made still more difficult by the group's domestication. Today's fruit-bearing cultivars are hundreds or perhaps thousands of years and many mutations away from the chance hybridisation or mutation that originally gave rise to them. The cultivated bananas and plantains are sufficiently removed from their original species that they cannot usefully be assigned Linnean binomials. Recognising this, Simmonds and Shepherd proposed in 1955 an alternate, genome-based system for the nomenclature of the section Musa (Eumusa) bananas. Despite the simplicity of the product of Simmonds and Shepherd's system, as distinct from its application, and its widespread use by banana fruit specialists, there is an extraordinary reluctance to adopt it in ornamental horticulture. The application of what are effectively spurious or mis-applied Linnean binomials is therefore still widespread even in recent and, supposedly, authoritative horticultural publications. This would not be so bad if publications were consistent one with another in terms of nomenclature but some, notably recent RHS publications, are not even internally consistent. Where their use has been devalued if not actually discredited by Simmonds and Shepherd, the tendency to cleave to Linnean binomials as the only mechanism with which to fix a plant in the horticultural firmament is, at the very least, unhelpful and sometimes downright misleading.
Fourthly, natural hybridisation is also likely to cause confusion. Simmonds 1956 discovered "two Eumusa-Rhodochlamys hybrids in a few weeks of field work [in north east India and Indo-China implying] that such hybrids must be very numerous. They could well give rise to considerable taxonomic confusion, especially in a group as poorly understood as Rhodochlamys. Collections based on segregates could easily be taken for new species unless they were extraordinarily well documented." As well as straight hybrids there also exists the phenomenon in Musa whereby a small number of genes of one species can through crossing and backcrossing introgress into another. The products of hybridisation and introgression especially involving the Rhodochlamys may well have ornamental potential and with the renewed commercial introductions of Musaceae in the form of seed and suckers such mongrels may well find their way into commerce. And to highlight Simmonds' concerns, most of the new material entering horticulture today is extraordinarily poorly documented. No doubt as the result of such imports due to increased interest in the Musaceae as ornamentals we can look forward to a period of further confusion of taxa and nomenclature in the horticultural trade. But we can also expect some pleasant surprises; the species Musa laterita and Musa gracilis, the latter vulnerable in the wild in Malaysia, have recently been recognised as being securely in cultivation mislabelled as cultivars of Musa ornata.
Fifthly, Musaceae taxonomic literature is liberally peppered with mistakes! The published works of authorities from Linnaeus through, for example, Baker, Schumann, Cheesman, Simmonds, Champion and Lock (and minor scribblers like me) all include errors. To err, of course, is human but it is also human to tend to trust that the great authorities must always have been correct in their published works. Not so. Mistakes were made and were and are repeated and thus became part of the paradigm.
This list now attempts to include all published names of taxa in the Musaceae and by giving their proper or "accepted" names to try to resolve inconsistencies in nomenclature in the horticultural literature. Information on Musaceae is widely scattered and modern standard horticultural references have only partial and frequently mis-named species lists and poor synonymy. I have tried clearly to identify accepted names, those that are properly applied to true botanical species, subspecies and varieties. I have also tried to identify names that are synonyms, spurious binomials and plain mistakes such as typographical errors and transliterations that occur in the literature.
I do not think a similar list appears elsewhere on the web; the lists at the GRIN and Mobot VAST databases are the closest but are currently incomplete. Projects such as the The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) and the Species Plantarum Project (why are there two projects like this?) will presumably eventually generate a definitive list of species of the Musaceae - along with everything else. The Index Kewensis is effectively now available online via RBG Kew's electronic plant information centre (EPIC). A problem with most of these sites is that they do not make it clear which names relate to real species (accepted names) and which are synonyms. This problem is largely resolved at the World Checklist of Monocotyledons website but this seems to me currently (April 2008) to give sometimes spurious accepted names and to contain some mistakes. I do not mean to imply that this website is mistake free!
In January 2000 Gerda Rossel made me aware of Champion 1967 a rather obscure French publication which includes a wonderful (but not complete) list of Musa binomials together with their accepted names. If it had not been for his publication's obscurity, and being written in French, Champion's name would be as well known as Cheesman's or Simmonds' to those interested in the Musaceae. Had I known of this publication at the outset this website would probably never have been started, it provides all the information I was originally looking for. And Häkkinen & Väre have recently (2008) produced a more or less definitive checklist list of Musa names rendering this website largely irrelevant.
Recently the work of Georg Forster has come to my attention. Until now, Forster's work has been ignored by students of the Musaceae. Together with his father, Johann, Georg Forster travelled with James Cook on his second expedition to the Pacific (1772 - 75). Forster's De Plantis Esculentis Insulam Oceani Australis Commentatio Botanica of 1786 contains a list of 16 varieties of banana. These varieties were largely seedless edible bananas and thus of little consequence taxonomically.
Because some were given spurious Latin names (e.g. by Georg Forster) I have mentioned a small number of fruit-bearing cultivars. I have not made and I do not intend to make a systematic, cross-referenced list of hybrid names. Michel Porcher has made a brave attempt to provide just such a cross-referenced list of Musa cultivar names (Sorting Musa names). The books by Stover & Simmonds (1987) and Shanmugavellu et al (1992) contain much information on this subject. Good sources of information about the cultivated bananas can be found at the website of the Banana and Plantain Section of Biodiversity International (formerly INIBAP).
An explanation of the form of the entries in this list is given here.
A summary of the information presented including a table sorting the genus Musa into its several, recently revised, sections is given here.
This is a work in progress and is occasionally revised and updated.
There are still some bad links and spelling mistakes for which I apologise. I am correcting these, slowly.
In some places the information represents merely my opinion but these instances will reduce with time. I have given references and explained my conclusions but the work has not been peer reviewed and I must have made mistakes I am unaware of. I have acknowledged unpublished sources throughout but would particularly like to thank Gerda Rossel and Markku Häkkinen for generously supplying information and for corrections. Any mistakes that remain are mine.
Review, comment and opinion on any and all aspects of this web site is invited. I would be grateful to receive any further information and literature references on the plants mentioned and species or subspecies that I have not mentioned. And since this list has pretensions to being authoritative, I would be especially grateful to receive corrections to my mistakes. All contributors will be acknowledged as I update the list.
Please e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.org
The Musaceae - an annotated list of the species of Ensete, Musa and Musella, The genus Musa - an annotated list of species, The genus Musella - an annotated list of species are Copyright © 1999 onwards by David Constantine
The genus Ensete - an annotated list of species is Copyright © 1999 onwards by Gerda Rossel & David Constantine
The right of David Constantine and Gerda Rossel to be identified as the Authors of the Work(s) has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1998
The copyright of other sources for and contributors to this website is acknowledged as appropriate.
Top Summary Introduction What's new Ensete Musa Musella Images Bibliography Index page
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Facial nerve decompression refers to exposure of the facial nerve along the length of its bony canal in the temporal bone. It is indicated when the nerve dysfunction is related to compression of an inflamed nerve within the>bony canal, causing a “choking” of the nerve in the confined space. There is evidence to suggest that in cases of Bell’s palsy, where recovery is not seen after a certain period, this procedure can lead to overall better recovery than if it is not performed. The benefit, however, may be quite small, and the risks of surgery need to be weighed against this benefit.
The facial nerve is usually approached through a middle fossa craniotomy, and through the mastoid bone directly behind the ear. Segments of the bony canal are then unroofed, and the nerve carefully protected from surgical trauma as the overlying bone is removed. By removing the overlying bone, the nerve is free to expand, thus relieving the compression that results in ischemia and neurapraxia.
When the facial nerve is transected, but there is no gap between the two stumps of the nerve, the strategy for repair is to simply sew or glue the two edges of the nerve back together.
When the facial nerve is injured or sacrificed and there is space between the two nerve stumps, it is not feasible to perform a direct coaptation. In this case, a nerve graft from another part of the body is used as a cable to connect the two ends; fibers from the proximal stump then grow into and traverse the graft, and enter the distal stump. From there they are directed toward their targets. Regeneration through these grafts can be quite variable, and often unsatisfactory. Significant research has gone toward the development of substitutes for nerve autografts, including vein grafts, muscle cables, synthetic tubes, and biodegradable materials. There are some theoretical advantages to these bioartificial nerve regeneration conduits; in the entubulation model, both the properties of the walls of the chamber and the contents of the chamber can be manipulated to promote regeneration. However, to date, regeneration through these graft materials has not been any better than that through autografts, which remain the gold standard. Regardless of what type of graft is used, it serves simply as a conduit for the extension of neural fibers from the proximal stump into the distal musculature. The fibers must extend all the way from the injury site to the muscles of facial expression, and this process is quite lengthy.
There are situations where the distal facial nerve and facial musculature are healthy, but where the nerve is permanently and irreparably sacrificed upstream, near or at the brainstem. When this happens, one approach to restoring facial movement is to bring neurons into the distal facial nerve from another nerve that is close by. Obviously, cutting all or part of a different motor nerve, such as that to the tongue or the shoulder, involves creating a new motor deficit in order to give some neuronal “power” to the facial musculature. Over time, the nerve which has become most popular for this purpose is the hypoglossal nerve, which controls tongue movement. It turns out that the motor deficit that results from cutting the nerve to reroute it is usually well tolerated and compensated for by the hypoglossal nerve on the other side. In addition, it has become popular not to cut the entire hypoglossal nerve, but to transect it only partially, so that some fibers go to the tongue, while some are rerouted to the facial musculature.
The major advantage of reinnervation techniques is that they utilize the native facial muscles; facial movement through input to these muscles is much more delicate than from muscle that has been transposed or transplanted into the face. Natural resting tone is restored to near-normal, and at rest the two sides of the face can balance quite nicely. The disadvantages involve the new motor deficits created, and the fact that in order to achieve facial movement the patient has to make a voluntary tongue movement, thus driving the facial movement via the hypoglossal nerve. With training, this voluntary movement can appear and feel somewhat natural, but it requires patience and practice. The final disadvantage is that because the hypoglossal nerve is hooked to the main trunk of the facial nerve, eliciting a movement causes all regions of the face to move at once, a phenomenon termed “mass movement”. This means that when a person tries to voluntarily smile, there is some simultaneous eye closure. Also, the initiation of a subtle facial movement can lead to a full strength contraction of the entire hemiface. Problems with not conveying meaningful emotion on the face are common.
Modifications to the hypoglossal facial transfer have been described to cut down on these issues, including limiting the nerve hookup to the lower division of the facial nerve only, and addressing the upper face with other techniques.
Many surgeons utilize one or several branches of the healthy, contralateral facial nerve for reinnervation purposes, by bringing nerve fibers across to the diseased side via a sural nerve autograft. The beauty of this technique is that it results in both sides of the face contracting simultaneously, and naturally. Involuntary, emotional smiling can occur. Most of the time, this procedure requires a second stage in which a piece of muscle is transplanted into the face, in the vector of a smile.
Like any muscles, if the muscles of facial expression are not used for many months, they undergo atrophy and scarring; even if neural input is restored, they lose their ability to contract properly. This means that in cases of prolonged denervation (more than 1-2 years), reinnervation techniques like the hypoglossal facial transfer are not good options. The next strategy employed is to transfer muscle into the face, and place it into some of the same vectors as the native musculature. Using this technique, contraction of the newly transferred muscle “imitates” the native facial muscles, and permits smiling, eye closure, and eversion of the lower lip.
Regional muscle transfer refers to a technique in which a muscle found in the head and neck area is loosened from its normal bed and rotated into the face along a smiling vector. The native blood supply to the muscle is maintained, so there is no need for microsurgical vessel hookup. The native neural supply to the transferred muscle is also maintained, so that to create the smile effect, the patient must voluntarily initiate a contraction of the transferred muscle. In the past, the masseter muscle was described as a potential muscle for transfer, but it was not able to be placed into quite the right vector to achieve a natural appearing smile, and has fallen out of favor. Currently, the most popular muscle for regional transfer for facial reanimation is the temporalis muscle transfer.
The temporalis transfer involves taking a 1-2 cm band of the temporalis muscle (one of the chewing muscles), and rotating it out of the temple region, over the cheek bone and down to attach to the corner of the mouth. When it is appropriately secured, the act of biting down will result in elevation of the corner of the mouth toward the cheekbone, just as in smiling.
Over the past 30 years, reconstructive surgeons have developed the ability to transfer segments of skin, muscle, and bone from one part of the body to another by harvesting the tissue on a vascular pedicle, and then hooking the artery and vein back up to donor vessels in the area where the reconstruction is required. This new surgical technology has been useful in facial reanimation because it has allowed surgeons to bring new muscle into the face for reanimation purposes. The first muscle used for this purpose was the gracilis, a thin muscle located in the inner thigh. It was transferred into the face, secured to the cheek bone and the corner of the mouth, and hooked up to the local vascular supply. Since then, many other muscles have been utilized for free tissue transfer for facial paralysis, though the gracilis continues to be the most popular. Amongst other muscles, the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and rectus abdominis muscles have been utilized.
Free muscle transfer can involve either a one stage operation or a two stage operation, depending on where the nerve input will come from to drive the muscle. If the goal is to restore spontaneous smile and the opposite facial nerve is intact, then a cross facial nerve graft can be placed six to twelve months earlier (as described in the cross face nerve grafting segment). When axons reach the tip of the graft, muscle is transplanted into the paralyzed side of the face, and its nerve is attached to the cross face nerve graft. If, however, the opposite facial nerve is also affected (i.e., Mobiius syndrome), then the muscle can be transplanted into the face and its nerve attached immediately to the nerve which drives one of the powerful chewing muscles, the masseter muscle. For patients who undergo this one stage procedure, in order to elicit facial movement, the patient needs to make a conscious effort to bite down. This triggers the muscle to contract and lift the corner of the mouth.
While excellent results can be obtained using free muscle transfer, the surgical procedure is delicate, time consuming, and not guaranteed to yield an improved aesthetic result. Issues can arise with excess bulk of the muscle in the face, poor excursion of the transferred muscle, and poor muscle survival. These things need to be carefully considered before such an operative plan is undertaken.
While many people focus upon the lack of movement of the affected side in facial paralysis, another critical issue is the position and function of structures in the resting state. Facial paralysis causes a drooping of the corner of the mouth that leads to drooling, a collapse of the side of the nose that can cause nasal blockage, and a widening of the space between the upper and lower eyelids, exposing the eye more than is ordinary. The affected eyebrow is usually lower than the other side, and the blink reflex is lost.
A number of procedures have been designed to correct these malpositionings, both to improve appearance as well as to restore function of the structures of the face. The decision about which of these options to pursue lies with each patient, and his/her specific set of symptoms.
Rehabilitation of the paralyzed eye is accomplished by one of several techniques. The eyebrow can be repositioned by performing a unilateral brow lift, and matching the brow height with the other side. This can be done with very small incisions, using endoscopes to guide the surgery.
The eyelids can be addressed by implanting a small eyelid weight into the upper lid so that gravity assists with eye closure.
There are also implantable eyelid springs which offer mechanical assistance with eye closure. Another technique to decrease eye exposure is to place several stitches from the upper lid to the lower lid where the two lids meet at the corner of the eye. This technique, called a tarsorrhaphy, is excellent for eye protection, but does produces an asymmetry between the two eyes which is often noticeable.
The collapse of the nasal sidewall often seen in facial paralysis is termed nasal valve collapse, and can be remedied either from the outside or the inside. Outside techniques involve placing strips of suspension material from the cheekbone, under the skin, to the nasal sidewall, and suspending the nasal sidewall
back in its anatomic position. This can be done in conjunction with static sling procedures for the corner of the mouth. To widen the nasal cavity from the inside, small cartilage grafts can be inserted into the framework of the nose to widen the cavity slightly, or to stiffen the lowest part of the nose so that it does not get pulled in and block the passage when the patient breathes in through the nose.
To reposition the corner of the mouth without going through a muscle transfer procedure, static sling techniques are used. They are very useful for patients who are either not candidates for lengthy surgery, or in whom muscle transfers have healed poorly or failed. The technique is simple, and involves securing a rigid piece of material from the cheekbone, under the skin, down to the corner of the mouth and the upper and lower lip. There is a great deal of debate over which material is best suited for this purpose. Fascia lata, a tough sheathlike material from the thigh, has been widely used and is favored because it is an autologous material (something from the patient’s own body). Because using fascia lata requires a second surgical site, and therefore a scar, surgeons have looked for alternatives to avoid this. There are commercially available synthetic and allogenic materials (materials from organ banks) that are now achieving popularity for these static slings. All types of materials have distinct advantages and disadvantages, and these need to be well understood when choosing which is right for an individual patient.
In older patients with aging skin, there is often a looseness, or laxity, to the soft tissue of entire face. This has led to the implementation of facelift type techniques to improve facial symmetry. It differs from a standard facelift in that the paralyzed side of the face is pulled significantly more than the normal side, and the sides are made to “match” as closely as possible. This technique has found a substantial place in the management of partial paralysis or poor recovery from Bell’s palsy and Ramsey-Hunt Syndrome. | <urn:uuid:72421584-76c4-45be-b1f6-a77751707140> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.masseyeandear.org/specialties/otolaryngology/facial-nerve/interventions/surgery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997894931.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025814-00041-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951199 | 2,804 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Elements of the Differential and Inte-gral Calculus. By William Anthony Granville, Ph.D. With the editorial co-operation of Percy F. Smith, Ph.D. New York: Ginn&Co., 1911. 8vo.; 463 pp.; illustrated. Price, $2.50. This is the revised edition of a work already well and favorably known. The fundamental characteristics of the original work have been retained ; but the past few years have niarked an advance in the methods of presenting to students the elements of the calculus, and these progressive methods, after triumphantly surviving the proving-ground of the classroom, have been incorporated into the revised drill book. The authors strive to make each step intuitionally as well as analytically evident to the student, and to this end graphics have been liberally employed. 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New York: Henry Holt&Co., 1911. 12mo.; 256 pp. Price, 75 cents net. Taking the evolution theories as the canvas for their picture, the authors unfold before us, with the effect of panoramic distances, long perspectives, and shifting skies, what they have striven to make “a rational vision of world-development.” They show Us that in spite of the variaions of age, sex, origi, groupings, and occupation, every generation has much more in common than its individuals realize. They develop the theme of unity in diversity, of order in the midst of change, until there grows within us a clear conception of the nature of this continuous progression—of this organic and inorganic. individual and social mode to which we give the name Evolution. The biological research by Darwin made the world almost blind for a time to the pregnant potentials of the social perspective in its application to evolution. The authors avail themselves freely of tbis source of enlightenment, and cite as a proof of its appeal and usefulness the new eugenic movement. They urge the generalization, in unison, of nature studies and social studies, so that concrete and abstract interpretation may meet and into a clear-focused projection of the universal development. Spices. Their Histories. By' Robert O. Fielding. Seattle, Washington : The Trade Register, Inc., 16mo.; 61 pp. ; illustrated. Price, 50 cents. “Spices” is a reprint in booklet form of several articles originally published in the Trade Register. Its information is particularly directed toward retail and is alpha- betically arranged under the various spice-names, each section consisting of a description of the variety, its manner of growth, and its chief uses, with an occasional caution as to the of the market. LEGAL NOTICES over 65 years' experience Trade Marks Designs Copyrights Ac. 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P Jl'LEX STEAM PUMPS-Offers are solicited by a thru. of Russian importers for duplex steam pumps for boBer teed. mining operations, etc Only firms not hitherto represented in Russia need apply. Offers, if possible in Herman, should be addressed to J. U., 13461, through Rudolf Mosse. Berlin, S. W. ! TO INVENTORS—Large manufacturingconcen with a trained sellmg force covering the whole country will manufacture and market on a royalty basis any article that can be sold by sample at a large profit and for which a large demand can be created. Address with full description : Machinery, P. O. Box 5,39, Boston, Mass. FOR SALE. LOCAL REPRESENTATIVE WANTED.—Splendid g after learningour bu siness thoroughly by mail. Kormer experience unnecessary. All we require is honesty, nbi!-ity, ambition and willingness to learn a lucrative business. No soliciting or Traveling. This is an exceptional opportunity for a man in your section to get into a Dig i ne h i ent for Hie. 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This article was originally published with the title "New Books, Etc" in Scientific American 105, 19, 416 (November 1911) | <urn:uuid:1603290e-dbf8-403c-83bd-5d8d4eeed579> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/new-books-etc-1911-11-04/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00221.warc.gz | en | 0.925704 | 1,740 | 3 | 3 |
|class 3 hep c
Jun 23, 2001
what is class 3, hep c...
| Response from Dr. Rodriguez-Torres
This may refer to the type of virus.According to the differences in the genetic structure, there are 6 major groups and 150 sub types.Type 1 is the most common but types 2 and 3 respond better to treatment.
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What is Public Health?
Connecting the dots in public health is a complex task.
The term public health is very often misunderstood. However, from the food you eat, to the air you breathe, from the doctors you visit, to the schools your children attend, public health is far reaching and very ingrained in your day-to-day life. In short, public health is a science revolving around protecting and improving the health of our communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and preventing injuries.
Public health professionals analyze the effect on health of genetics, personal choice and the environment in order to develop programs that protect the health of your family and community.
Public health focuses on three key areas:
- Providing disease control and prevention
- Assuring air and water quality
- Promoting healthy lifestyles
The Nevada Public Health Foundation believes public health is a wise investment and we are working towards a healthy future for Nevada communities and the people who live in them.
The 10 Essential Public Health Services
The 10 Essential Public Health Services describe the public health activities that all communities should undertake:
- Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems
- Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community
- Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
- Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve health problems
- Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
- Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable
- Assure competent public and personal health care workforce
- Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
- Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problem | <urn:uuid:f40b3d1f-4cec-4b12-b69f-7c321dc01c82> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://www.nevadapublichealthfoundation.org/public-health-in-nevada/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347428990.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603015534-20200603045534-00455.warc.gz | en | 0.947136 | 364 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Short S.6 Sturgeon
|Role||Prototype naval reconnaissance aircraft|
|National origin||United Kingdom|
|First flight||22 June 1927|
The Short S.6 Sturgeon was a prototype single-engined biplane naval reconnaissance aircraft, built to an Air Ministry specification but mostly intended as a demonstrator of the corrosion resistance of duralumin aircraft structures. Two were made.
Design and development
Following the all-metal Silver Streak of 1920, Short Brothers produced a series of military aircraft with duralumin monocoque fuselages and wings which were at first duralumin covered, then fabric. The last of this series was the Short S.6 Sturgeon, a three-seat fleet reconnaissance aircraft designed to meet Air Ministry specification 1/24. The Air Ministry ordered two prototypes without raising hopes of series production. Nonetheless, Shorts were keen to demonstrate once again the corrosion resistance of treated duralumin.
The Sturgeon was a singled engined, three-seat single bay biplane, with wings of mild sweep. They had parallel chord and equal span, but the lower one had a slightly smaller chord than the upper, giving the appearance of stagger though the trailing edges were in line. Another consequence of the difference in chord was that the front steel interplane struts leant slightly forwards, whilst the rear one was upright. Apart from their fabric covering the wings were entirely duralumin structures. There were push rod connected ailerons on both top and bottom wings. The Sturgeon was a ship-board aircraft and so its wings folded to save space. A thickened centre section held fuel tanks and was supported by two sets of roughly N shaped struts to the upper fuselage. A wide, V-shape cut out in the upper trailing edge went forward to the rear spar to enhance the view from the cockpits, which was helped by the wide interplane gap that put the upper wing well clear of the fuselage. The lower wing was also braced near its root by a pair of struts from each wing spar, fore and aft, to a common point on the fuselage above the leading edge of the wing.
The fuselage was built from a pair of duralumin monocoques, bolted together. Each was constructed using Shorts' established method of plate riveted to oval, L-section frames and with longitudinal stiffeners. The Sturgeon was powered by an uncowled Bristol Jupiter VI radial engine, driving a two-bladed propeller and with exhausts leading back over the lower wing. There were three open cockpits, one behind the other. The pilot sat in front, behind the leading edge with the navigator cum bomb-aimer close behind him. The latter's position was just at the wing cut-out; he also had a bombsight hatch in the floor. A little further back was the radio operator/rear gunner, clear of the trailing edge. The fuselage diameter decreased to the tail, where a squat fin carried a tall, horn balanced rudder which extended down to the bottom of the fuselage. The tailplane was strut supported from below and sat on the fin just above the fuselage; it was straight edged and carried unbalanced, split elevators. One problem in adapting the monocoque method to a service aircraft was that the numerous openings and attachment brackets all needed local reinforcement, leading to a considerable weight gain.
Though the Sturgeon was constructed as a landplane, it did all of its flying on floats. These were long and joined to each other with a pair of transverse horizontal struts. There were three further struts per float to the fuselage:one from the forward part rearward to the engine bulkhead and two from a common point further aft to the two wing spars, joining the lower wing struts from below.
The first of the two Sturgeons made its maiden flight on 22 June 1927 in the hands of John Lankester Parker. Some extension of the wing root fillets followed early flights; by January 1928 both aircraft were flying. Despite the higher than expected weight, the seaplanes performed well on the water and in the air. As Shorts had intended, they did demonstrate the resistance of duralumin aircraft to the elements; before its delivery to the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment at Felixstowe, the second Sturgeon had been moored out on the Medway, near Shorts' Rochester base for three weeks in February weather, protected only by cockpit and engine covers. Their final fate is not known.
Data from Barnes & James 1989, p. 216
- Crew: 3
- Length: 32 ft 6 in (9.91 m)
- Wingspan: 45 ft 11 in (14.00 m)
- Wing area: 650 sq ft (60 m2)
- Gross weight: 6,213 lb (2,818 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Jupiter VI 9-cylinder radial, 520 hp (390 kW)
- Maximum speed: 115 mph (185 km/h; 100 kn)
- Guns: 1× 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun firing forward from blister on the port side of the engine and 1× 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun on Scarff ring in rear cockpit
Notes and citations
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Short Brothers aircraft.| | <urn:uuid:ba95146e-ebc2-4974-9026-7c68aab21828> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_S.6_Sturgeon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171232.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00570-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96452 | 1,105 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Just weeks remain before the 29 million people living in greater Delhi are plunged into their annual battle with extreme air pollution. Each November the past two years, the level of particle pollution considered most harmful to human health has spiked to more than 30 times the limit prescribed by the World Health Organization. The air in the city remains hazy and dirty throughout the winter.
The Indian government has a new action plan in place: It just shuttered the last coal-fired power plant in Delhi and recently banned the use of certain industrial fuels within the city. On days when the pollution soars, other measures will kick in, such as a halt to all construction activities and a ban on trucks entering Delhi.
But turning the tide in the fight against pollution will depend on efforts such as the one now underway in the state of Punjab, the powerhouse of Indian agriculture. There, the authorities are engaged in a race to persuade farmers not to torch their fields, urging them to shun a tactic that is cheap and efficient in readying the area for the next crop but that is also a key source of pollution.
The smog that blankets northern India each winter is a toxic mix of car exhaust, construction dust and industrial emissions that settles over the region as wind speeds and temperatures drop. What makes it unusual is the addition of smoke from thousands of fires as farmers hurry to switch their fields from fully grown rice to newly planted wheat in the span of a month.
“The uniqueness of the smog season is precisely because crops are being burned at an unheard-of scale anywhere else in the world,” said Siddharth Singh, author of the forthcoming book “The Great Smog of India.”
According to a government-sponsored study, stubble burning contributed up to 26 percent of the most harmful particulate matter to Delhi’s winter pollution from 2013 to 2014; another found it contributed as much as 50 percent on certain days during the burning season. Such particulate matter — referred to as PM2.5 — is 30 times as thin as a human hair and can penetrate deep within the lungs.
The task of dissuading the farmers from burning is a microcosm of India’s broader pollution challenge. Unlike China’s authoritarian regime, which has made strides in recent years in stemming air pollution, India must operate within the constraints of a democratic system. Reducing the sources of pollution in India involves confronting entrenched interests, overcoming political rivalries and motivating people to change their behavior.
China has been able to “maintain the scale and momentum of action,” said Anumita Roy Chowdhury, an executive director at the Center for Science and Environment in Delhi. “In India, you have to make democracy work for clean air.”
That’s especially true in the case of crop burning. Farmers are a powerful constituency in Punjab and in other straw-burning states such as Haryana, and there are roughly 2 million farmers in Punjab alone. “The number of farmers is so large that we cannot take very harsh measures,” said Kahan Singh Pannu, agriculture secretary in Punjab.
A senior bureaucrat known for his tough approach to polluters, Pannu is leading the anti-burning efforts in Punjab. He has mostly carrots, not sticks, at his disposal. For the first time this year, India’s central government earmarked money to help farmers buy machinery that turns the straw into mulch. It has also contributed to a large-scale awareness campaign, complete with songs on social media, television advertisements and village-by-village meetings — all urging farmers not to burn.
Gurdial Kumar is one of the foot soldiers in the statewide effort. A 48-year-old employee of the Punjab agriculture department, he and his colleagues began visiting each of the 182 villages in their territory last month. On a recent afternoon, they arrived in Madan Heri, a village of 2,500 people west of Chandigarh, where about 20 farmers had gathered in the shade of a giant banyan tree.
Kumar and his three colleagues put up posters illustrating the impact of air pollution, including images of diseased lungs and small children wheezing. They talked about the virtues of the new subsidized machines, including one called the “Happy Seeder.” They appealed to religious precepts; most of the farmers practice Sikhism, whose sacred text emphasizes the holiness of nature.
The farmers listened politely but without enthusiasm. Then they launched into questions: How about simply paying farmers a fee per acre not to burn their fields? Why was the government asking small farmers, already financially strapped, to scrape together cash for new machines? If they invested in the machines — which cost about $2,000 each — when would the government pay the subsidy, equivalent to half of the cost?
Gurtej Singh, 42, said he had farmed — and burned — these fields for more than two decades. He agreed that setting fires is bad for the environment but said that dealing with the straw using other methods is more expensive and time-consuming. “Small farmers can’t do it,” he said.
He rejected the blame for Delhi’s pollution, a common theme among farmers in the area. Pollution in the capital “is because of vehicles and industry, not because of us,” he said. Farmers did not suffer any ill effects from the crop burning, he asserted. Pollution-related health issues are “a problem of weak people in cities.”
Farmers in nearby villages echoed those sentiments. “Burning is the best solution,” said Darshan Singh, 43, as green-tipped rice swayed in the fields behind him. “Whatever machine you use, you have to pay more.”
But the government’s campaign was having an impact. Darshan Singh was cagey when asked whether he would burn his crop stubble this season. “Whatever other people do, I will also do,” Singh said. Crop burning is technically banned. If farmers are caught setting fire to their fields, they face fines ranging from $35 to $140. In rare instances, some have also faced criminal charges.
“It’s not that these are poor, illiterate, information-starved people who are doing a bad thing and if only we educate them, they’ll do the right thing,” said Aseem Prakash, director of the Center for Environmental Politics at the University of Washington. “If people are really serious about tackling [the problem], they have to come up with an economically viable solution.”
The trend is moving in the right direction. According to the Punjab government, there were 81,000 fires after the rice harvest in 2016, then the figure dropped to 44,000 in 2017. Through Friday, there had been 509 fires this year — but the crucial period for burning will come later this month.
Jagdeep Singh, 38, a farmer in Simbal Majra who cultivates 65 acres, just bought a Happy Seeder machine and plans to use it for the first time this month. The machine cuts the rice straw, spreads it as mulch and sows wheat seeds. He, too, was closely watching the actions of the state authorities to gauge the seriousness of their campaign against crop burning.
“It seems there will be less fires this year,” he said. “But if the government gives a little relaxation” — he flicked his fingers upward in a flame-like motion — “it will all be done in one day.” | <urn:uuid:230f395b-632a-410c-970f-321bfe542697> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/india-is-trying-to-prevent-apocalyptic-air-pollution-step-1-stop-farmers-from-burning-their-fields/2018/10/15/79d3fd52-cb20-11e8-ad0a-0e01efba3cc1_story.html?utm_term=.17fa58289ae9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107866404.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201019203523-20201019233523-00087.warc.gz | en | 0.966639 | 1,584 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The lipid membrane of a cell is the basis of every living organism. This membrane is an amazingly intuitive “fence” through which the cell communicates with the body, eats, protects against foreign invaders, and controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell. The complexity of it all is mind-boggling. Pores — optional holes in membrane — are the main tools of this biochemical “communication”. Pores act as a kind of gateway where scientists can actively study and describe cells and their functions.
The essence of the study and what has been done:
For the first time ever, scientists have accurately described the process of pore formation in lipid membranes and carried out computer simulations of their formation and evolution. The research team has created a large-scale theoretical model that explains the inconsistences in previously obtained experimental data from other studies, resolving the contradictions that plagued previous findings.
The research results, led by Oleg Batishchev and conducted jointly by scientists from NUST MISIS, the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (Russian Academy of Sciences), and the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, were published in two parts in the Scientific Reports journal.
Lipid membranes are membranes that separate cells and their organelles from the external environment. These structures perform a number of important life functions, most notably becoming a barrier that controls a cell’s metabolism. Possible violations of this barrier mechanism have been actively studied in relation to drug development and therapeutic strategies such as drug delivery, considering that it is the membrane that eventually determines whether a substance does or doesn’t enter a cell. Accordingly, the algorithm of getting a substance through the membrane is by creating a pore, which functions like an
There has not been a physical model that describes the formation, growth, and resistance of such pores yet, although there are many experimentally-proven methods in the world to create pores in membranes to allow a drug to enter a cell (for example, to let an antibiotic kill a bacteria or an anti-tumor toxin to destroy cancer cells).
How the research was done:
Now the researchers have set a goal to create a theoretical model that will describe every stage of a pore’s evolution in lipid membrane. This task is complicated by the fact that any attempt to present the membrane as an ideal elastic shell without taking the peculiarities of the internal structure of the living “fence” into account only leads to a simplified and therefore rough description of this system. To eliminate such problems, scientists have started with the most complete theoretical description of the membrane, and then by using a number of transformations they received expressions for the energy of the pores, which will allow them to describe the state of the pores depending on their geometric parameters. (Pic.1)
With the help of a new computer model, scientists were able to explain the inconsistencies observed in previous research on this topic. This new model not only explains the mechanism of pore formation in the membrane, but also makes it possible to describe how exactly the membrane will react to a mechanical (injection, puncture) or electromagnetic action (point indication by the field). In some cases, these actions lead to the controlled formation of pores of certain sizes, and in others — to irreversible ruptures of the membrane and the cell’s death. This option needs to be excluded in the case of therapy and vice versa, as it can be widely used for the direct elimination of injected cells.
In order to verify the validity of this proposed theory, the research team conducted computer simulation with methods of molecular dynamics where the lipid membrane was recreated on the scale of individual molecules. The results of these studies typically coincided with the theoretical model’s prediction and the available experimental data, making it possible to “see” how the pore develops (arises, grows, and expands) in the virtual membrane.
“This work required a lot of effort from everyone on the project and a large amount of machine time for calculating the methods of molecular dynamics conducted by our colleagues from the Laboratory for Biomolecular Systems at the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. [It also required the] tedious work of creating the models to observed the processes, and most importantly, the huge array of calculations which were conducted by Sergey Akimov, the A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (Russian Academy of Sciences), and the NUST MISIS Department of Theoretical Physics and Quantum Technologies”, said Timur Galimzyanov, a co-author of the research article and a researcher at the NUST MISIS Department of Theoretical Physics & Quantum Technologies.
Why was it done:
The researchers believe that their work will become the foundation of future research on controlled delivery of various drugs into a cell. Roughly speaking, the computer model of a complex organic system — a lipid membrane — will help to select optimal modes of action for the successful passage through the “gateway” of the cell to introduce the necessary concentrations of substances inside. The new model will also likely help to describe the processes associated with the violation of the integrity of the membranes observed in the course of many complex and as yet untreatable neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer`s, Parkinson`s, Peak, and Huntington`s chorea.
“We have never conducted such detailed and sequential theoretical research. The results have completely justified the efforts we put in: for the first time ever, we have managed to create a complete model of the process of pore formation in membranes, allowing us to make not only qualitative, but also quantitative predictions”, Galimzyanov mused. | <urn:uuid:fc17216a-2d53-4f60-87fd-d6341f4377a7> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://en.misis.ru/university/news/science/2018-06/5445/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370490497.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328074047-20200328104047-00030.warc.gz | en | 0.940844 | 1,191 | 3.265625 | 3 |
In this article, we will discuss gravel road.
Gravel may be defined as a loose aggregation of small, variously sized fragments of rock. It’s a good range of applications within the housing industry.
This road is common in less developed nations, and also in rural areas of developed nations.
Gravel, alongside the sand, is employed for the manufacture of concrete, also as for mixing with asphalt as a part of the construction.
1. QUARRY ROCKS AND RECYCLED CONCRETE GRAVEL
2. COARSE GRAVEL
3. MEDIUM GRAVEL
4. FINE GRAVEL
|Read More: Coarse Aggregate|
2. Gravel Road
The roads which are made up of Gravel are considered to be Gravel Road.
Gravel Mainly Consists:
a. Surface Course
b. Base Course
d. Side slopes from positions shown on the drawing
e. Centre-line of roads
|Course||Above required Level||Below required Level|
|Surface Course||15 mm||15 mm|
|Base Course||10 mm||10 mm|
|Sub-grade||20 mm||20 mm|
|Side slopes from positions shown on the drawing||0.15 m to one side or other|
|Centre-line of roads||0.25 m to one side or other|
2.1 Base Course of Gravel Road
Base course should natural river sand and gravel mixture of consistent grading and strength with the subsequent properties:
The base course material must have the below requirements in textural gradation:
Nominal Maximum Size 3″
|BS Sieve||% Passing by weight|
|No. 200||0 –15|
2.2 Surface Course of Gravel Road
|Sieve Size (mm)||% Passing|
3. Construction of Gravel Roads
a. Alignment Selection
The alignment shows the path through which the road will pass. So, the selection of road alignment should be done such that it has less conflict, high soil strength & shorter length.
Road alignment is the key factor that directly influences the construction speed and economy.
b. Cutting & Filling of Earth
Cutting and filling work is carried out to provide proper shape to the road.
During this process, if the side slope is unstabilized then retaining walls of wooden logs (or bamboos) are provided. In the absence of wooden logs; locally available stones are used.
c. Preparation of Sub-grade
Sub-grade preparation involves the process of compaction of the soil to increase strength, stability, and bearing capacity.
Compaction of sub-grade should be done with the assistance of water.
Road strength is determined by sub-grade. So, the subgrade should be compacted multiple times (according to the type of soil).
d. Preparation of Pavement
Above the subgrade, a layer of material is provided which acts as both base and surface course.
The road is allowed to dry naturally for 1 to 3 days and then opened to traffic.
4. Materials Required
a. Crushed Stone
c. Fines ( Silt or clay )
5. Required Equipment for Gravel Road construction
f. Dump truck
g. Water Tanker
6. Considerations in Gravel Road
1) The road shall be constructed on a balanced approach following the mass curve.
2) The road shall be constructed in stages.
3) Local materials shall be used.
4) Local manpower should be utilized.
5) Planning shall be done in a decentralized manner.
6) Bio-engineering shall be practiced for slope stability (instead of costlier structure).
7) Cross slope of the road shall be towards the outside. so, as to avoid the side-drain.
8) In the case of natural water resources; a causeway shall be preferred instead of bridges, culverts, or other costlier construction.
9) The garbage wall and wooden log wall shall be preferred instead of the retaining wall.
7. Advantages of Gravel Roads
a. Cheap to construct.
b. Local manpower and material are utilized.
c. It helps to mobilize rural materials.
d. It is more environment-friendly.
e. Maintenance cost is low
8. Disadvantages of Gravel Roads
|Read More: Low-Cost Road|
Civil Engineer & CEO of Naba Buddha Group | <urn:uuid:4f47ca51-6837-4803-ad1e-3659947ee5e1> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://dreamcivil.com/gravel-road/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362969.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204094103-20211204124103-00165.warc.gz | en | 0.877064 | 1,108 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Volcanoes. By : Cierra Ingram. Types of Volcanoes. Cinder Cone Volcano.
Volcanoes By : Cierra Ingram
Cinder Cone Volcano These are the classic cone-shaped peaks we commonly associate with a lava spewing eruption. Eruption from Cinder cones are pretty small potatoes as far as volcanic eruption go.They tend to be small hill-sized volcanes that range in height from tens to hundred of meters high and they can build up over short periods of time of a few months to a few years.
Shield Cone Volcano Shelid volcanoes are volcanoes with broad gentle slopes and built by the eruption of fluid basalt lava (lava flows of low viscosity)Lava flows out of volcanoes in all direction from a central summit vent or group of vents buildind a broad gently sloping cone of flat domical shape with a profile much like that a warriors sheild.The largest volcanoes on earth are sheild volcanoes and one of the largest known volcanoes in our solor system is olympusmon on mars is a sheild volcano.
Composite Volcanoes Composite volcanoes sometimes are stratovolcanoes are typically deep-sided symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows volcanic ash, cinders,blocks,and bombs and may ris as much as 8,000 ft above their bases.Composite volcanoes can erupt vilintly.
Facts about volcanoes Volcanoes provide humans with minerals from deep within earths crust. The minerals the volcanoes bring up are diamonds, gold and sliver. Most volcanoes are located in the RING OF FIRE surrounding Asia. The pacific RING OF FIRE. There are about 130 volcanoes in Alaska there are 5 in Hawii. Volcanos create 80 percant of earths surfaces. Volcanoes create rich soil for farming. | <urn:uuid:646040ef-ae03-4349-949d-dd99500d3eeb> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://www.slideserve.com/luana/volcanoes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573053.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917061226-20190917083226-00117.warc.gz | en | 0.928461 | 392 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Synaesthesia (from the Greek roots syn, meaning “together,” and aisthesis, or “perception”) is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as: “A condition in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another, as when the hearing of a sound produces the visualization of a color.”
We don’t normally think that sound and sight are two senses that go together in such a joined fashion. However, while technically only a small percentage of people experience the world this way, this is a reality that is nothing new to us.
We often use the word “see” to mean something other than to perceive through the use of our eyes. A child might say, “Can I see that for a moment?” What that child really means is, “Can I play with that for a while?” We also use the word “see” to mean “check out.” We might say, “Wait, let me see if my wife wants to go too.” This is different than seeing if someone is home, which could be a visual seeing. This is more like “looking into” than actual seeing.
These usages of “see” give us a wide range of insight into the beginning of Parshat Re’eh. Re’eh begins, “See this day I set before you blessing and curse.” There is no tangible item for people to look at when referencing this verse. What are we to see? “See” in this situation is more likely to mean “understand” or “know.” We are to “see” that we are constantly provided choices. These choices are to take what is in front of us and create either a blessing or a curse. In a simplistic example, we know that ice cream can be a blessing or a curse. We can partake of it in an appropriate manner and be blessed. We also have the choice to abuse a good thing and it turns into a curse.
In order to view something as a blessing and a curse we have to “see,” to understand the issues on both sides of the coin. When we get beyond the simplistic we sometimes have to work to “see” that opinions we hold can fall into both camps — blessings and curses. We see our views as the right way even though other thoughtful and intelligent individuals disagree. In the end we may be right but do we pay a cost by putting up walls between ourselves and people with whom we disagree. Are we cursed because of our inability to see beyond differences? What kinds of blessings are we missing out on?
Many things are “set before you” each day. Can you look with open eyes and understand with open hearts so in the end you can say, “Ahhh, now I see.”
(This column is a service of the Greater Pittsburgh Rabbinic Association.) | <urn:uuid:e68a30bf-b1ad-4ffa-93ed-96acbfaff0ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://jewishchronidev.timesofisrael.com/devine-value-of-life-illustrated-in-parsha/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337490.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20221004085909-20221004115909-00324.warc.gz | en | 0.962772 | 622 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The Aboriginal population of Tasmania became separated from the mainland some 12,000 years ago when the sea level rose, flooding the Bassian Plains. Archaeological excavations of the earliest known occupation site in Tasmania, at Warreen Cave in the Maxwell River valley of the south-west, have provided evidence of Aboriginal presence at least 35,000 years ago. This discovery means that the Tasmanian Aborigines were the most southerly peoples in the world during the Pleistocene era.
The complexity of changes in the social, cultural and territorial structures of the Tasmanian Aborigines over time is largely unknown. It is evident from the ethnographic and archaeological record, however, that at about 4,000 years ago the Aborigines dropped scale fish from their diet and increased their consumption of land mammals, such as kangaroos and wallabies. At about this time they also stopped using bone tools, and refined their making of stone tool implements.
Canoes were crafted during the last 2,000 years and used to exploit the seal colonies of the west and south-east coasts. The archaeological evidence indicates that the Aboriginal population of Tasmania had been expanding, at least territorially, from 4,000-3,000 years ago until the British invaded their lands in 1803. The use of fire to open up forested areas may have played a major role in this expansion.
At the time of British colonisation the Aborigines were formed into nine tribes, each of which had between six to fifteen ‘bands’. The population is thought to have been in the range of 4,000 to 10,000. As a predominantly nomadic people, their movements followed the seasonal changes in food supply, such as shellfish, seabirds, wallaby and a variety of vegetable foods.
The first European visitors to Tasmania came in search of new trading and commercial opportunities. They made important observations on the Tasmanian landscape, its unique flora and fauna, as well as the native inhabitants. Initially, they found little reason to induce them to stay.
Abel Jansz Tasman of the Dutch East India Company, in command of the Heemskerck and Zeehaen, becomes the first European to sight the Tasmanian mainland. He names it ‘Van Diemen’s Land’ in honour of Antony van Diemen, Governor General of the East India Co.
French explorer, Capt. Marion du Fresne of the Mascarin and Marquis de Castries, sights Van Diemen’s Land. The following day a party goes ashore, one Aborigine is shot and killed, others wounded.
Capt. Tobias Furneaux in the Adventure sights Van Diemen’s Land. Furneaux had become separated from Capt. James Cook’s Resolution during a British expedition of the Southern Ocean.
Capt. James Cook anchors the Resolution in Adventure Bay on his third southern expedition.
The first official European settlement in Australia begins at Sydney Cove, New South Wales (NSW).
Capt. William Bligh of the Bounty anchors in Adventure Bay en route from Britain to Tahiti.
Englishman Capt. John Henry Cox is off South West Cape in the Mercury. He later notices seals in Oyster Bay.
Capt. William Bligh of the Providence and Assistant sights Van Diemen’s Land, and the following day anchors in Adventure Bay. He names Table Mountain (now Mt Wellington).
Bruni D’Entrecasteaux (Recherche) with Capt. Huon de Kermadec (Esperance) sights Van Diemen’s Land during their search for La Perouse’s expedition. A survey is made of D’Entrecasteaux Channel.
D’Entrecasteaux (accompanied by naturalist Jacques-Julien Houton de Labillardiere) returns to Van Diemen’s Land, and charts the River Derwent (which he calls Riviere du Nord).
John Hayes, of the British East India Co., in command of the Duke of Clarence and Duchess, enters and names the River Derwent, unaware of D’Entrecasteaux’s previous visits.
The merchant vessel, Sydney Cove, wrecked in the Furneaux Group, Bass Strait.
Sealing operations by Charles Bishop (Nautilus) commence at Kent Bay, Cape Barren Island.
George Bass and Matthew Flinders begin a circumnavigation of Van Diemen’s Land in the sloop Norfolk, proving that it is an island.
Frenchman Nicholas Baudin of the Geographe and Naturaliste anchors off Bruny Island, before exploring the south-east and east coasts of Tasmania. | <urn:uuid:aee8ab0d-44bf-4d84-8858-7c82e5ec582e> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/F6FA372655DCC15FCA256C3200241893?opendocument | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893629.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124090112-20180124110112-00398.warc.gz | en | 0.941567 | 976 | 3.859375 | 4 |
UN Environment Programme
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.
Their mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
Headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, they work through our divisions as well as our regional, liaison and out-posted offices and a growing network of collaborating centres of excellence. They also host several environmental conventions, secretariats and inter-agency coordinating bodies. | <urn:uuid:c0a9661d-f559-427f-9355-18bd36ac4460> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.renature.co/partners/un-environment-programme/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198887.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921014923-20200921044923-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.922911 | 146 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The First Happy Time was a phase of the Battle of the Atlantic during which German Navy U-boats enjoyed significant success against the British Royal Navy and its allies. It started in July 1940, almost immediately after France was conquered by Germany, bringing the...leer más
Under the cover of night in October 1940, German U-99 submarines ambushed an Allied convoy en route to Britain with supplies. Beyond the tragic aftermath, this stealthy strategy had a lasting impact on nautical warfare.
Immediately after Britain went to war with Germany in 1939, German U-boats and warships began to threaten British and French shipping lanes, and the Royal Navy became key players in British military action.
The struggle against the German submarines, dubbed the...leer más
Onboard Battleship Scharnhorst As She And Gneisenau Sink HMS Glorious. You are right in the middle of the action in this clip from the German propaganda newsreel Die Deutsche Wochenschau. Very intense naval battle scenes with sound and narrated in German. Thanks for watching and please...leer más
Even before the United States entered World War II, Allied forces were battling the Germans for the waters of the Atlantic. This titanic struggle lasted the duration of the war in Europe. To help tell this story and explain its significance, the American Battle Monuments Commission has...leer más
Esto es BlitzoCast. No es HistoCast pero casi. Hoy hablaremos de la Operación Cerbero, una de las acciones navales más audaces de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y para ello tenemos a Hugo (@HugoACanete www.gehm.es).
The lack of a decisive British victory in theMediterranean theater fundamentally affected British maritime strategy throughout the Second World War. The Royal Italian Navy, or RegiaMarina Italiana (RMI), exerted a disproportionate influence on British strategy and fleet disposition, because its...leer más | <urn:uuid:c44485b5-e38f-4cf7-81da-aef0de37b805> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://ww2live.com/es/categorie/guerra-naval-en-el-oeste-1939-1945 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121267.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00597-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852979 | 418 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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The current edition of World magazine includes an article by the editor-in-chief encouraging Christians to rethink how they view Creation and the Flood.
In the cover story for the current edition of World magazine (September 11 issue), the editor-in-chief examines the question of the historicity of the book of Genesis using the Grand Canyon as the backdrop. (World magazine has been dubbed “the Christian version of Time magazine.”)
With a headline on the cover that declares “Rocks in Their Heads?” (we thankfully note the rhetorical question-mark in referring to young-earth creationism), the lengthy article by Marvin Olasky was largely composed as he rode the rapids of the Colorado River that cuts through the Grand Canyon. He participated in an Answers in Genesis/Canyon Ministries’ one-week raft trip.
As he chronicled his journey, Olasky also offered comments on why Christian colleges should consider presenting a more balanced approach to the teaching of the book of Genesis, specifically its creation and Flood accounts (and when these events occurred in history). You see, the majority of Christian college/seminary professors teach an old age for the earth. Many of them also promote evolution over millions of years as the real explanation for the origins of life and living things—with God’s assistance along the way. Young-earth creation and a global Flood are not taught as viable views except in a minority of Bible colleges and seminaries. If they are mentioned at all in the other Christian institutions, they are often dismissed and sometimes mocked.
On Olasky’s raft were Answers in Genesis geologist Dr. Andrew Snelling (who has been into the Canyon more than twenty times and is the host of a new audio tour of the Grand Canyon) and historian of science Dr. Terry Mortenson. AiG friend, Tom Vail of Canyon Ministries, who navigated the rapids for this group, also provided some instruction regarding the Canyon’s formation. These three men explained to Olasky and the others on the trip that the Canyon’s formation came rather rapidly within the context of the after-effects of Noah’s Flood about 4,350 years ago, and not over millions of years.
In his article, Olasky summarized the arguments that young-earth creationists submit for a not-so-old Canyon:
For more evidence of the Canyon’s young history, its rapid formation, and its relation to the Flood of Noah’s time, see Vail’s article.
Olasky will be writing a follow-up piece for World about Christians who believe in an old earth and deny a global Flood. We believe Olasky will ask them the difficult question: how there could have been millions of years of struggle and death—as seen in the fossil layers in places like the Grand Canyon—before the Fall of Adam?
You may read the World article by Olasky on their website.
Previously on our website, we discussed Olasky's article on whether Christians can be more effective in sharing their faith if they tried to reconcile a belief in evolution with Genesis.
We are grateful that, although the names Answers in Genesis and Canyon Ministries were not mentioned in the World article (AiG was cited in an associated article), the piece did draw attention to the AiG research of Drs. Snelling and Mortenson that demonstrates the compatibility of good science with the book of Genesis.
You may find out more on the AiG website about next year’s raft trips that Tom Vail will be organizing, including those that will feature AiG staff (be aware that most of the raft trips are filled months ahead of their launchings).
AiG President Ken Ham has been on one of the shorter raft trips through the Grand Canyon. He remarked recently: “When I went on one of Tom Vail’s raft trips, not only was I struck by the awesome beauty of this incredible Canyon, but I was even more awestruck by the remarkable testimony that it offers to the reliability of the Bible’s account of a worldwide Flood.”
For information on AiG’s own Christian worldview magazine, see the Answers magazine. | <urn:uuid:049d119d-ae8b-4fcd-98bb-79b5d4fd193a> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | https://answersingenesis.org/geology/grand-canyon-facts/canyon-rapids-and-rapid-formations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430453976406.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501041936-00093-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953636 | 894 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Victorian gentleman Horace Lamb lives with his wife, Charlotte, and their five children in a small English village. His household maintains not one but two poor relations, Horace’s cousin, Mortimer, and their aunt, Emilia, who was born and has spent her entire life in the house they share. They also have a full complement of servants: a butler, Bullivant, a cook, a footman, George, and a kitchen maid Miriam. (The housemaids have no speaking parts in this drama.) A tutor, Gideon Doubleday, comes in daily to educate the children, who spend much of their day with Nurse. Doubleday lives with his mother, Gertrude, and sister, Magdalen. And, on occasion, everyone stops in to Miss Buchanan’s shop, either to pick up some small sundry or to collect the letters that Ms. Buchanan holds for them.
Life might be idyllic, but Horace struggles with the fact that the money to maintain this household comes from his wife’s family, and he is determined to hold on to it so it will last as long as possible. Unfortunately for his relatives, this means that he cannot bear to part with any money. Everyone is cold in winter, and the children wear threadbare clothes that are much too small for them. They know that their clothes and lives are the subject of comment among the townspeople, but do not know what to do about it. The word an earlier generation would have used to describe Horace is ‘mean,’ in the sense of cheap, but Compton-Burnett quickly makes clear that Horace’s behavior can easily be described by current usage as well.
Despite the distance in social status, the Doubleday family and the Lambs become friends. And Miss Buchanan becomes a regular visitor to the Lamb servants’ table, trading observations, mostly about George and Miriam and their behavior, with Cook and Bullivant. While Charlotte is away on a lengthy visit to her family, everyone notices that Horace’s attitude changes: there is more coal for the fires, the children have new clothes. Most importantly, Horace unbends enough to begin to develop a real relationship with his children, though not so much that they fully trust in his benevolence.
What has brought on this change and will it last? That’s the crux of the novel, which turns on a letter gone astray, several romances, and a bit of wishful thinking among the children. This is a very interesting yet spare novel, told almost entirely in dialogue; with no stage directions, the reader must be attentive to scene shifts and exits. I found it interesting but I think that one of Ms. Compton-Burnett’s novels is enough for me; as Diane Johnson puts it in her introduction, “some people have found that her twenty novels are much like one another . . .” Do you agree? Let us know in the comments.
Have a book you want me to know about? Email me at firstname.lastname@example.org. I also blog about metrics here. | <urn:uuid:bec752d5-d92c-42e8-840c-aa90ae29c8bd> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | http://brooklynbugle.com/2012/07/20/brooklyn-bugle-book-club-manservant-and-maidservant-by-ivy-compton-burnett/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510888.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001105617-20231001135617-00301.warc.gz | en | 0.979098 | 655 | 2.75 | 3 |
Dionne: JFK, 100 years on
We cannot imagine John F. Kennedy on his 100th birthday. For all of us, he will always be a man in his 40s, exuding the vigor that became one of his trademark words, pronounced in his distinctively New England way.
He was a student of history whose rhetoric gloried in the future, challenge and change. He became an icon even though he was an iconoclast. He could be coldly realistic, but he preached idealism. He honored intellectuals but mistrusted abstract thinking and ideology. He promised greater affluence but preached against complacency.
He was a fervent Cold Warrior whose most important triumphs came in the name of peace. He avoided nuclear holocaust during the Cuban missile crisis and negotiated a partial nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviet Union. He took office with a muscular promise that the United States would "pay any price, bear any burden" in the battle for freedom. But five months before his death, he became a prophet of what would be called detente, describing peace as "the necessary, rational end of rational men."
There also was the contrast between the organizing slogans of his Democratic forebears and his own. Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" and Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" were rooted in broad but specific objectives. Kennedy's "New Frontier" was more journey than goal, more temperament and disposition than program or wish list. He was a restless figure in a restless time.
He was also one very canny politician who revolutionized presidential campaigns, as Thomas Oliphant and Curtis Wilkie describe in "The Road to Camelot," their new book on Kennedy's five-year quest for the White House. His dad's money certainly helped, but so did Kennedy's understanding of his need to play a long game outside the lines of convention.
It is fitting that we honor the 100th anniversary of JFK's birth on Memorial Day, which salutes those who died for their country. Kennedy and his moment in history were shaped by the experiences of the Greatest Generation of which he was a part. World War II veterans developed a deep confidence in the capacity of Americans to act in common.
Government's role in pushing back against the Depression and then achieving victory over the Nazis and Imperial Japan bolstered their view of the United States as an inspiring democratic nation that stood on the right side of history. The shared sacrifices of combat strengthened the claims of a civil rights movement that Kennedy at first reluctantly and then wholeheartedly endorsed.
"We are confronted primarily with a moral issue," Kennedy declared on June 11, 1963. "It is as old as the Scriptures and is as clear as the American Constitution."
Later in the 1960s, many Americans came to see post-World War II patriotism as naive and unrealistic. Especially in the eyes of the Vietnam War's opponents, it also could be dangerously arrogant and self-serving.
Confidence in government was sapped, and a long era of debunking began. Kennedy's own reputation came in for some of that. His imperfections, long known to his friends and some of his enemies, became part of his legacy.
Yet Kennedy's heroic status has never faded, and not simply because he was taken from us on Nov. 22, 1963. It was an act of violence that presaged a decade that would grow more violent still.
Across our increasingly rigid political divides, we still treasure his cool and ironic perspective on life that coexisted with an infectious sense of public service. He drew thousands to government and tens of thousands to a Peace Corps that was one of his proudest creations.
And he is the president who is forever young.
"I think there attaches to him his youthfulness, his hope, his promise, and the country won't let that go," the historian Robert Dallek once told NPR. Dallek's fine Kennedy biography is affectingly titled "An Unfinished Life." All these years later, we share a collective sense of an unfinished era, an unfulfilled promise and a lost opportunity.
One of Kennedy's most admirable traits was his talent for maintaining a critical distance from himself and who he became. Theodore Sorensen, who was 24 when he first went to work for JFK, noted in 1965 that his old boss was "a constant critic" of his own myth.
So let's not mythologize Kennedy. But let us remember with respect and gratitude a man who scorned the yearning for "the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." Kennedy's self-awareness, his dedication to discovery, and his success in marshaling our nation's energies in a more hopeful time are a gift to us still. | <urn:uuid:d3ce5be1-0a55-4746-9335-823bced88bc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.jsonline.com/story/opinion/columnists/2017/05/28/dionne-jfk-100-years/349803001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104683708.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707063442-20220707093442-00332.warc.gz | en | 0.985768 | 967 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Crafting critical stories : toward pedagogies and methodologies of collaboration, inclusion, and voice
- edited by Judith Flores Carmona and Kristen V. Luschen.
- New York : Peter Lang,
- Copyright notice
- Physical description
- ix, 233 p. ; 23 cm.
- Counterpoints (New York, N.Y.) ; v. 449.
Education Library (Cubberley)
LC196.5 .U6 C73 2014
- Unknown LC196.5 .U6 C73 2014
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Contents: Judith Flores Carmona/Kristen V. Luschen: Introduction: Weaving Together Pedagogies and Methodologies of Collaboration, Inclusion, and Voice - Christine Sleeter: Inheriting Footholds and Cushions: Family Legacies and Institutional Racism - Ellen Correa: I Knew When You Said Your Name in Spanish!: On Being a White Puerto Rican in the Classroom - Jane Van Galen: Mediated Stories of Educational Mobility: Digital Stories in Teacher Education - Barbara Kessel/Kim Hackford-Peer: Here I Stand: College Students' Critical Education Narratives - Judith Flores Carmona/Aymee Malena Luciano: A Student-Teacher Testimonio: Reflexivity, Empathy, and Pedagogy - Sherick Hughes/Kate Willink: Engaging Co-Reflexive Critical Dialogues When Entering and Leaving the Field: Toward Informing Collaborative Research Methods at the Color Line and Beyond - DeeDee Mower: The Rose Creek Oral History Project: Elementary Cross-Grade Social Studies Curriculum in Review - Kristen V. Luschen: Exploring (Dis)Connections Through Digital Storytelling: Toward Pedagogies of Critical Co-Learning - Sundy Watanabe: Critical Storying: Power Through Survivance and Rhetorical Sovereignty - Hilton Kelly: The Politics and Poetics of Oral History in Qualitative Research: This One's for Nikki Giovanni - James H. Adams/Natalie G. Adams: Some of Us Got Heard More Than Others: Studying Brown Through Oral History and Critical Race Theory - J. Luis Loya-Garcia: Mojarra Linguistic Syndrome, Evading Capture by the Tongue: Heritage Speakers of Spanish and Their Stigma.
- (source: Nielsen Book Data)
- Publisher's Summary
- Critical storytelling, a rich form of culturally relevant, critical pedagogy, has gained great urgency in a world of standardization. Crafting Critical Stories asks how social justice scholars and educators narrate, craft, and explore critical stories as a tool for culturally relevant, critical pedagogy. From the elementary to college classroom, this anthology explores how different genres of critical storytelling - oral history, digital storytelling, testimonio, and critical family history - have been used to examine structures of oppression and to illuminate counter-narratives written with and by members of marginalized communities. The book highlights the complexity of culturally relevant, social justice education as pedagogues across the fields of education, sociology, communications, ethnic studies, and history grapple with the complexities of representation, methodology, and the meaning/impact of employing critical storytelling tools in the classroom and community.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
- Publication date
- Copyright date
- Counterpoints : studies in the postmodern theory of education, 1058-1634 ; vol. 449
- 9781433121609 (hardcover : alk. paper)
- 1433121603 (hardcover : alk. paper)
- 9781433121593 (pbk. : alk. paper)
- 143312159X (pbk. : alk. paper)
- 9781453910177 (e-book)
- 1453910174 (e-book) | <urn:uuid:d465ab48-eb40-452a-b3b6-c93638db090a> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10407812 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701161946.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193921-00046-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.74012 | 806 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF is the 45th chapter of the Holy Quran, and it holds immense importance in the lives of Muslims around the world. This article delves into the significance of Surah Al-Jathiyah and provides insights into the benefits of reading and understanding its message. Additionally, it explores the accessibility and convenience of having Surah Al-Jathiyah in PDF format, making it easier for individuals to engage with this sacred text. So, let’s embark on this spiritual journey and discover the treasures that lie within Surah Al-Jathiyah.
|Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF
|No. Of Surah:
|Religion (Holy Quran)
1. The Revelation and Context
Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF was revealed in Makkah and covers various themes, including the concept of monotheism, the Day of Judgment, and the consequences of people’s actions in this life and the hereafter. It was revealed during a time when the polytheistic society of Makkah was resistant to the message of Islam. The Surah emphasizes the importance of belief in the oneness of Allah and serves as a reminder of the accountability that awaits every individual.
2. The Structure and Verses
Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF consists of 37 verses and is categorized as a Makki Surah. It starts with the declaration of Allah’s power and wisdom in the creation of the heavens and the earth. The Surah then moves on to discuss the signs of Allah’s existence and the consequences that await those who deny His oneness. It also highlights the importance of seeking knowledge, reflecting on the creation of Allah, and contemplating the signs in nature.
3. Benefits of Reciting Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF
a) Spiritual Nourishment: Reciting Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF acts as a means of spiritual nourishment for Muslims. It helps in developing a deeper connection with Allah and strengthens faith.
b) Reflection and Contemplation: The Surah encourages believers to reflect upon the signs of Allah’s creation. It prompts individuals to ponder over the miracles of the universe, fostering a sense of awe and gratitude.
c) Reminder of the Day of Judgment: Surah Al-Jathiyah serves as a reminder of the ultimate accountability in the hereafter. It motivates believers to lead a righteous life and strive for excellence in their actions.
d) Guidance and Direction: The Surah provides guidance and direction to believers, offering insights into the consequences of their deeds. It helps individuals make informed choices in their lives and align their actions with the teachings of Islam.
4. The Significance of Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF
In today’s digital age, access to religious texts has become more convenient than ever. Surah Al-Jathiyah in PDF format allows individuals to carry this revered chapter of the Quran on their smartphones, tablets, or laptops. The benefits of having Surah Al-Jathiyah in PDF include:
a) Portability: With the PDF version, individuals can easily carry Surah Al-Jathiyah wherever they go, enabling them to read, reflect, and seek guidance at any time and place.
b) Searchability: PDF versions of Surah Al-Jathiyah offer search functionality, allowing users to find specific verses or keywords instantly. This feature assists in in-depth study and research.
c) Preservation: PDF format ensures the preservation of the original text, providing an authentic and unaltered version of Surah Al-Jathiyah
d) Accessibility: Surah Al-Jathiyah in PDF format caters to individuals with visual impairments or those who prefer digital formats, ensuring that everyone can engage with this sacred text.
Surah Al-Jathiyah holds a special place in the hearts of Muslims, offering guidance, reflection, and a reminder of the Day of Judgment. Its profound messages continue to inspire and empower believers. With the availability of Surah Al-Jathiyah in PDF format, individuals can conveniently access and carry this chapter of the Quran wherever they go, allowing them to delve deeper into its teachings. Embrace the wisdom and blessings of Surah Al-Jathiyah and let its verses illuminate your path.
Is Surah Al-Jathiyah only for Muslims?
Surah Al-Jathiyah is part of the Holy Quran, which is primarily followed by Muslims. However, its messages of monotheism and accountability hold relevance for all individuals seeking spiritual guidance.
Can I read Surah Al-Jathiyah without understanding Arabic?
While reciting Surah Al-Jathiyah in Arabic is highly recommended, translations are available in various languages. Reading the translation alongside the original Arabic text can help in understanding its message.
Is it necessary to recite Surah Al-Jathiyah in a specific order?
Surahs in the Quran are traditionally recited in the order they appear. However, there is no specific requirement to read Surah Al-Jathiyah in a particular sequence. You can recite it as per your convenience.
What are some other benefits of reciting Surah Al-Jathiyah?
Reciting Surah Al-Jathiyah with devotion and contemplation can bring peace of mind, strengthen faith, and provide a source of comfort during challenging times.
Where can I find the Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF?
You can download the Surah Al-Jathiyah PDF from authentic Islamic websites, digital Quran applications, or online platforms dedicated to providing Islamic resources. | <urn:uuid:7857bbac-017f-4ebf-9ef3-a0a24185e8f9> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://pdfbook.online/surah-al-jathiyah-pdf-free-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474641.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225171204-20240225201204-00185.warc.gz | en | 0.873835 | 1,160 | 2.5625 | 3 |
New research from West Virginia University is transforming technology. The Eberly College of Arts and Sciences faculty in the C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry are simplifying experiments in mass spectrometry, a method commonly used by chemists, biologists, physicists and forensic scientists for analyzing molecular materials.
The WVU research team has made a vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization device, created by Assistant Professor Peng Li and his research group: a rectangular piece of glass approximately 2.5 inches long and one inch wide that collects and ionizes samples on the spot.
"The application of mass spectrometry in probing dynamic biological processes will be greatly enabled and easily adopted by a broader range of research groups," Li said. "We think this can be a unique way of generating ions. We want to leverage the technique and hopefully enable new studies."
In addition to biomedicine, the research team plans to explore ways to use this method in the future in applications like agriculture, biometrics and forensic science. "This method has great potential for a wide range of applications," Li said. "It can be used for … testing the surface of fruits and vegetables for pesticides." | <urn:uuid:f5418f5e-577e-4584-9767-d7a65e1d06b9> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.hortidaily.com/article/9154925/new-molecular-research-tool-for-testing-fruit-and-vegetables-for-pesticides/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348513230.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606093706-20200606123706-00587.warc.gz | en | 0.931903 | 239 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Cognitive-bias modification may put the psychiatrist’s couch out of business
THE treatment, in the early 1880s, of an Austrian hysteric called Anna O is generally regarded as the beginning of talking-it-through as a form of therapy. But psychoanalysis, as this version of talk therapy became known, is an expensive procedure. Anna's doctor, Josef Breuer, is estimated to have spent over 1,000 hours with her.
Since then, things have improved. A typical course of a modern talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, consists of 12-16 hour-long sessions and is a reasonably efficient way of treating conditions like depression and anxiety (hysteria is no longer a recognised diagnosis). Medication, too, can bring rapid change. Nevertheless, treating disorders of the psyche is still a hit-and-miss affair, and not everyone wishes to bare his soul or take mind-altering drugs to deal with his problems. A new kind of treatment may, though, mean he does not have to. Cognitive-bias modification (CBM) appears to be effective after only a few 15-minute sessions, and involves neither drugs nor the discussion of feelings. It does not even need a therapist. All it requires is sitting in front of a computer and using a program that subtly alters harmful thought patterns.
This simple approach has already been shown to work for anxiety and addictions, and is now being tested for alcohol abuse, post-traumatic-stress disorder and several other disturbances of the mind. It is causing great excitement among researchers. As Yair Bar-Haim, a psychologist at Tel Aviv University who has been experimenting with it on patients as diverse as children and soldiers, puts it, “It's not often that a new evidence-based treatment for a major psychopathology comes around.”
Don't talk about it, just do it
CBM is based on the idea that many psychological problems are caused by automatic, unconscious biases in thinking. People suffering from anxiety, for instance, may have what is known as an attentional bias towards threats: they are drawn irresistibly to things they perceive to be dangerous. Similar biases may affect memory and the interpretation of events. For example, if an acquaintance walks past without saying hello, it might mean either that he has ignored you or that he has not seen you. The anxious, according to the theory behind CBM, have a bias towards assuming the former and reacting accordingly.
The goal of CBM is to alter such biases, and doing so has proved surprisingly easy. A common way of debiasing attention is to show someone two words or pictures—one neutral and the other threatening—on a computer screen. In the case of social anxiety these might be a neutral face and a disgusted face. Presented with this choice, an anxious person instinctively focuses on the disgusted visage. The program, however, prods him to complete tasks involving the neutral picture, such as identifying letters that appear in its place on the screen. Repeating the procedure around a thousand times, over a total of two hours, changes the user's tendency to focus on the anxious face. That change is then carried into the wider world.
Emily Holmes of Oxford University, who studies the use of CBM for depression, describes the process as like administering a cognitive vaccine. When challenged by reality in the form of, say, the unobservant friend, the recipient of the vaccine finds he is inoculated against inappropriate anxiety.
In a recent study of social anxiety by Norman Schmidt of Florida State University and his colleagues, which involved 36 volunteers who had been diagnosed with anxiety, half underwent eight short sessions of CBM and the rest were put in a control group and had no treatment. At the end of the study, a majority of the CBM volunteers no longer seemed anxious, whereas in the control group only 11% had shed their anxiety. Although it was only a small trial, these results compare favourably with those of existing treatments. An examination of standard talk therapy carried out in 2004, for instance, found that half of patients had a clinically significant reduction in symptoms. Trials of medications have similar success rates.
The latest research, which is on a larger scale and is due to be published this month in Psychological Science, tackles alcohol addiction. Past work has shown that many addicts have an approach bias for alcohol—in other words, they experience a physical pull towards it. (Arachnophobia, a form of this bias that is familiar to many people, works in the opposite way: if they encounter a spider, they recoil.)
This study, conducted by Reinout Wiers of the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues, attempted to correct the approach bias to alcohol with CBM. The 214 participants received either a standard addiction treatment—a form of talk therapy—or the standard treatment plus four 15-minute sessions of CBM. In the first group, 41% of participants were abstinent a year later; in the second, 54%. That is not a cure for alcoholism, but it is a significant improvement on talk therapy alone.
Many other researchers are now exploring CBM. A team at Harvard, led by Richard McNally, is seeking volunteers for a month-long programme that will use smart-phones to assess the technique's effect on anxiety. And Dr Bar-Haim and his team are examining possible connections between cognitive biases and post-traumatic-stress disorder in the American and Israeli armies.
Not all disorders are amenable to CBM. One study, by Hannah Reese (also at Harvard) and her colleagues, showed that it is ineffective in countering arachnophobia (perhaps not surprising, since this may be an evolved response, rather than an acquired one). Moreover, Dr Wiers found that the approach bias towards alcohol is present in only about half of the drinkers he studies. He hypothesises that for the others, drinking is less about automatic impulses and more about making a conscious decision. In such cases CBM is unlikely to work.
Colin MacLeod of the University of Western Australia, one of the pioneers of the technique, thinks CBM is not quite ready for general use. He would like to see it go through some large, long-term, randomised clinical trials of the sort that would be needed if it were a drug, rather than a behavioural therapy. Nevertheless, CBM does look extremely promising, if only because it offers a way out for those whose answer to the question, “Do you want to talk about it?” is a resounding “No”. | <urn:uuid:2909c329-95d5-4693-978a-4f1101ba74a8> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2011/03/03/therapist-free-therapy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668529.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114154802-20191114182802-00044.warc.gz | en | 0.968825 | 1,341 | 2.84375 | 3 |
South Florida water managers signed off on a $1.4 billion reservoir Thursday, approving one of the costliest projects yet in the decades-long effort to stop coastal pollution and send clean water to the Everglades’ ailing marshes.
The decision also created a rare moment of unity for the Republican-controlled state, farmers and environmentalists usually at odds over fixing the River of Grass.
“We’ve come a long way in just two short years after national news covered an emergency here in Florida,” Everglades Foundation CEO Eric Eikenberg told the governing board at the South Florida Water Management District, referring to a 2016 algae bloom that triggered a state of emergency along the Treasure Coast. “We didn’t quiver and run to the corner. We stood up and figured out a way to solve it.”
The project now heads to Washington for Congressional approval and another hurdle: federal funding to cover half the cost.
While the state’s major environmental players have rallied around the plan, the yearlong effort was often tense, and still has doubters. The Sierra Club and Bullsugar, a Stuart nonprofit started by residents and fishing guides, remain concerned that cutting the amount of dirty discharges from Lake Okeechobee to the coasts may be overstated. They also fear reducing the pollution to the coastal estuaries of the St. Lucie and Caloosahatchee rivers could come at the expense of Florida Bay.
And until this month, the Everglades Foundation argued that the project would fail to deliver clean water and needed to double the size of the proposed artificial marshes that will treat water going into the reservoir. In a February report, the foundation also said the project might jeopardize the success of an existing network of treatment marshes by adding more water than they were designed to clean.
This week, Eikenberg said those concerns were eased when the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, which oversees the district’s pollution permit, issued an order spelling out the need to meet strict standards for phosphorus, the fertilizer nutrient that kills marshes, or add more treatment.
But Thursday, Sierra Club organizer Diana Umpierre said the district had still failed a critical mission: rather than present the best plan needed, it backed into a reservoir hobbled by lawmakers who restricted its size to state-owned land.
“As a result, we do not know if your tentatively selected plan represents the actual optimal configurations or [the] best buy,” she told the board. “The District has failed to show the public what else is possible and therefore we cannot judge what is on the table.”
The massive reservoir was originally planned as a final piece of the state’s restoration plan approved in 2000 to reconnect Lake Okeechobee with South Florida’s marshes and Florida Bay. But the 2016 Treasure Coast bloom and deteriorating conditions in the bay — in 2015 a seagrass die-off started that eventually covered more than 60 square miles — drew widespread public support for a faster solution. The Trump administration’s opposition to environmental causes, from denying climate change to shrinking environmental agencies and clashing with scientists, also raised concern.
State Sen. Joe Negron, R-Stuart, made the reservoir a priority during his final year as senate president and initially pitched a 60,000-acre project — big and shallow enough to both store and treat water.
But that ambitious proposal fell apart under pressure from the state’s powerful sugar industry, still smarting from a failed 2008 effort by Eikenberg’s former boss, former governor and current U.S. Rep. Charlie Crist, who wanted to fix the Everglades by buying about 187,000 acres owned by U.S. Sugar. During the bitter legislative fight, farmers repeatedly complained the reservoir was an attempt to put them out of business, although on Thursday they commended the “science-based plan” that they say complies with the law and allows farmers “to continue to supply homegrown, fresh food for millions of Americans.”
The reservoir approved Thursday calls for a 23-foot deep, 10,500-acre reservoir and a 6,500-acre treatment marsh. District planners have said it will work by piggy-backing onto other projects.
They were less emphatic in a February report, since removed from the district web site, that raised questions about levels of phosphorus in some parts of the system. While the district scientists felt confident water entering conservation areas could largely be cleaned, they were less certain about water in Shark River Slough. Shark River runs through Everglades National Park and into the Gulf and marshes around Florida Bay, so water flowing must meet strict criteria hammered out in a landmark lawsuit with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The report found that the ways they predict how the system will work once huge volumes of water begin flowing south are too limited. They also lacked historical data. They concluded the project “presents some risk of future non-compliance.”
On Thursday, district planner Matt Morrison said any problems could be addressed through managing the system and getting other work completed. About $1.6 billion approved under a 2016 suite of projects intended to speed up work is ongoing, although not all of it is funded.
“Everything we’ve done continues to improve our ability to utilize the existing infrastructure and we’re confident we’ll meet all the water quality requirements,” he said.
Even with Thursday’s approval, the project is still years from completion. Morrison said the entire project would likely take eight years to design and construct. A 2018 waterworks bill only authorizes work. It still needs to be included in a budget, he said. Design work could be done in advance, but funding would need to be in place by 2020 or 2021, he said.
Slow as that may seem, in Everglades time, that’s breakneck speed. It also leaves time to make fixes.
“This process has been a whirlwind,” Cara Capp, Everglades program manager for the National Parks Conservation Association, told the board. “I had a lot of questions along the way and I still have questions....We can’t say for sure that what we see in the model we’re going to see on the ground in eight years. But if we need to make changes we will.”
Follow Jenny Staletovich on Twitter @jenstaletovich | <urn:uuid:6dc99d93-cdd5-4482-bdb0-5f7fbfdb0a81> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article204214409.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210362.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815220136-20180816000136-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.957664 | 1,351 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The circle shown above has center O and a radius of length 5. If the area of the shaded region is 20 pi, what is the value of x?
Here is the reasoning, based on background knowledge, offered by SAT (don't read past this point if you want to solve this problem yourself):
In order to find the value of x, you should first determine the measure of the angle that is located at point O in the right triangle. To determine this angle, you must calculate what fraction of the circle’s area is unshaded. The radius r of the circle is 5 and its area is pi r^2, or 25 pi. The area of the shaded region is 20 pi, so the area of the unshaded region must be 5 pi. Therefore, the fraction of the circle’s area that is unshaded is 5 pi/25 pi, or 1/5. A circle contains a total of 360 degrees of arc, which means that 1/5 of 360 degrees, or 72 degrees, is the measure of the angle at point O in the unshaded region. Since you now know that two of the three angles in the triangle measure 72 degrees and 90 degrees and that the sum of the measures of the three angles is always 180 degrees, the third angle must measure 18 degrees. Therefore, x = 18. | <urn:uuid:78fad4f8-b3e1-4034-b02d-d1f73171f082> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://instructivist.blogspot.com/2007/08/sat-challenge.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279657.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939711 | 279 | 4.34375 | 4 |
Read more: “Smart Guide 2012: 10 ideas you’ll want to understand“
My heart sinks as a nonsensical response to my question flashes up on the computer screen. I am one of the judges at the 2011 Loebner prize competition, where computer programs are trying to convince us they are people. The contest is based on the Turing test, the most famous benchmark of machine intelligence. So far it’s not going well.
2012 is the centenary of the birth of Alan Turing, the second world war code-breaker who dreamed up the test in 1950 while pondering the notion of a thinking machine, so expect a flurry of competitions in his honour. Bear in mind, though, that the Turing test is a poor gauge for today’s AIs. For one thing, the test’s demand that a program capture the nuances of human speech makes it too hard. At the same time, it is too narrow: with bots influencing the stock market, landing planes and poised to start driving cars, why focus only on linguistic smarts?
One alternative is a suite of mini Turing tests each designed to evaluate machine intelligence in a specific arena. For example, a newly created visual Turing test assesses a bot’s ability to understand the spatial relationships between objects in an image against that of a human.
Others want to stop using humans as the benchmark. Using a universal, mathematical definition of intelligence, it could soon be possible to score people and computers on a scale untainted by human bias. Such universal tests should even be able to spot a bot that is far smarter than a human.
More on these topics: | <urn:uuid:f7719b95-cafd-439d-b072-ef1526a9c0b5> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21228444-200-smart-guide-to-2012-how-best-to-test-machine-iq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583822341.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190121233709-20190122015709-00570.warc.gz | en | 0.921819 | 337 | 3 | 3 |
|Image is from a chicken rearing forum, and is copyright its poster, user stephanie1992|
I did have it asked of me whether the splotch on her face could be caused by the masking gene, but I find this highly doubtful. If this dog was a piebald, the mask would be affected by the white spotting gene just as any other gene would be.
There are several possibilities as to what could be causing this dog's interesting coloring. It could just be an exceptionally unusual variation of piebalding, which I doubt. The facial markings are far too different from what would be expected in a piebald dog. It could be merle combined with the Harlequin gene, which I also doubt because the Harlequin gene appears to be isolated to great Danes. There is vitiligo, which causes the loss of color pigment from the body, but this dog does not look like a typical animal with vitiligo. This leaves only one option: the phenotype is caused by some form of mosaicism. This is a phenomenon that is seen in dogs on occasion, with the most commonly seen version being black spots appearing in otherwise red dogs (see here, here, here, and here).
Mosaicism, by definition, is when body cells have or express different genetic material. This can be caused by several phenomena. There is somatic mutation, which is where some mutation occurs in a cell after an embryo begins to develop, producing an individual that has patches of cells with minor differences. I suspect that this is the cause of such things as what we call birthmarks. There is also Barr body formation, where an individual must have two or more X's in their sex chromosomes. The body only wants one X chromosome activated, and as such will deactivate extra X's in the body's cells, creating a Barr body. This causes the tortoiseshell phenotype in cats as the basic red and black genes in that species are X-linked; it is unlikely to affect the coloring in other animals. Lastly, there is chimerism. This is where two embryos become fused into one early in development, producing an individual with two distinctly different genotypes that would be as similar as any siblings would be.
For this dog, she is likely either a chimera expressing a dominant black and some form of white (most likely extreme white piebald or extremely pale recessive red) or a black and white piebald with a mosaic spot on her face. I believe the first is the most likely, as the white in her coat is tinged with cream in a similar pattern to what would be expected in a very pale red, and I think the black is too extensive for a simple somatic mutation. This would mean that the two genotypes present would be dominant (K-) or recessive (aa) black and the pale recessive red (ee). It is also possible that some form of white spotting is in effect.
As for her breed, I suspect that she is a German shepherd crossed with a border collie, possibly more than half German shepherd as she seems very shepherd-y to me (but then again, she could just be a working border). Whatever she is and whatever her genotype, she is a very interesting-looking dog. | <urn:uuid:4ee53ab4-2bf3-4cef-ac98-a8bfcd9f010d> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://musingsofabiologistanddoglover.blogspot.com/2011/09/guess-genotype-23.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590794.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719090301-20180719110301-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.978728 | 673 | 3.03125 | 3 |
kind of barberry plants aretreelike shrub about 2-3 meters high, widespread in the wild. Due to beautiful appearance and useful fruit and leaves it became popular as a garden plant. According to one version, the name comes from the Arabic word «beiberi» and due to the fact that the petals of barberry in appearance resemble the shell. The flowers are golden yellow in color, gathered in inflorescences or brush. The smell of flowers is strong and pleasant. Beginning of flowering barberry - in May and June. Crohn's sprawling. Shoots arched away from the main trunk. Autumn leaves become purple color, so that the barberry is beautiful at any time of the year.
The fruit can vary in color. They are oblong berries about 2 cm long, sour taste. Unripe fruits contain alkaloids in high concentrations, because of which are poisonous. The stems and roots contain alkaloid berberine, which has a lemon-yellow color and giving the same color of the plant. This color, astringency, and acid fruits become reasons why barberries are called "northern Lemon". The spines are modified leaves, shaped like a trident. With powerful thorns Barberry is widely used as hedges. Kron form using pruning.
Spectacular variety Atropurpurea planted in well-lit areas, in the shadow of the leaves lose their intense color
Homeland plants considered the Crimea and the Caucasus, but heIt is growing almost everywhere, except in areas with very harsh climate. Best of all barberry develops in areas well lit by the sun. In the shade it is also growing well, but there are problems with fruiting. The plant is drought-resistant, cold transfers without consequences, but can be lost in the water-logged soils. If excessive watering or frequent rain starts to rot a strong root system. Planted shrubs singly, in groups, in the form of hedges. Low-growing varieties are suitable for decorating the rocky hills. Rhode barberry plant has 175 species.
There are over a hundred varieties of barberry, which is grown for decorating gardens and plots. several basic types can be distinguished, each of which often has more than one form:
- Berberis vulgaris;
- Amur barberry;
- arbaris Canadian;
- Berberis thunbergii;
- Ottawa barberry;
- Korean barberry;
- barberry entire;
- barberry sharoplodny;
- barberry monetchaty.
It is a cold-resistant shrubsheight 1.5-2.5 m, which is able to settle down in areas with a fairly harsh climate - up to Western Siberia. Fruiting in the fourth year of life. The most popular three types:
- Atropurpurea. Winter hardiness barberry with bright yellow flowers and edible purple fruit. Leaves of plants grown in well-lit areas, becoming a bright purple color. During the multiplication of seeds inherit the color of the leaves, not all descendants.
- Albovariegata. The shrub grows up to 1 m. The leaves are dark green with patches.
- Aureomarginata. The peculiarity of the barberry - mottled coloration of the leaves. Photophilous plant. In the shadow of the leaves lose color intensity.
Color leaves barberry unique, it may vary depending on the type and location bush breeding habitat
Homeland plants considered the Far East andNorthern China. In addition to these areas, it grows in Primorye and Japan. In the wild form is found on the banks of the rivers, forest edges. Externally very similar to Berberis vulgaris, but the bushes grow higher - up to 3.5 m The fruits are red, edible, have a sour taste.. The leaves are large, toothed, shiny green. Autumn yellow or become purplish.
- Japonica. It is kind of a barberry Amur, wherein beautiful shape leaves - rounded at the top. The number of flowers in the inflorescence is smaller than many other varieties, - 6-12 (usually 20-25).
- Orpheus. This grade is derived by Russian breeders. His feature - the lack of flowering. The height of the bush about 1 m.
Autumn barberry bushes Amur extremely picturesque
In nature, shrub grows on the rocks,the banks and valleys of rivers in North America. Flowering time - the end of May - beginning of June. Shrub is unpretentious, drought-resistant wintering. Flowering and fruiting is very intense. Outwardly resembles Berberis vulgaris. On the territory of Russia is almost not popular, but in the United States for more than two centuries, gardeners pay much attention to the breeding of ornamental shrub forms. The most common hybrids are planted:
American breeders are working on breeding new varieties and hybrids with the Canadian Barberry 1730
This hybrid produced by crossing barberryordinary Atropurpurea and Berberis thunbergii. It features exceptional stamina, resistance to diseases. The flowers have an original color - bright yellow with reddish spots. The leaves can be red, orange, purple. Fruits - with a yellowish tinge. With good care shrub reaches 2-3 m, gives a good gain, it recovers quickly after cutting. Most often gardeners choose decorative hardy varieties:
- Silver Miles.
Yellow flowers with red spots and purple leaves produce a powerful effect. Barberry Ottawa - perfect "material" for the landscape designer
Variety bush got its nameon the Korean Peninsula - the birthplace of the plant, where it can be seen on the slopes of the mountain gorges. The plant is unpretentious to the soil, tolerate drought very well, but can suffer from waterlogging in long periods of thaw. Korean Barberry may peremerzat in the cold, but usually affects only the tops of the shoots. After pruning shoots grow quickly. The plant is susceptible to rust. Color - yellow, fragrant. Fruit - round, red.
Yellow-red colors of the Korean barberry can decorate even the most banal landscape
Homeland barberry edged - mountain areasAsia. The shrub can reach 2.5 m Flowers -. Yellow leaves - green with a gray tint, oblong. An interesting shade of fruit. They are red, but they have a dark color and a gray patina. Shrub is unpretentious, can grow on any soil but acidic. Young plants do not tolerate harsh winters, they should cover. With the increase in demand winter protection disappears. The shrub can be cut. Growing sprouts at an average rate.
Number of barberry flowers edged in racemes up to twenty!
It is also called barberry raznonozhkovym. It is widespread in the mountain regions of Central Asia. Fruits are spherical, have a gray-blue color, is widely used in cooking. They are added to rice, Shurpa, barbecue. A distinctive feature of the fruit of barberry sharoplodnogo - a high content of vitamin C. In addition to the valuable fruits, bush differs spectacular appearance. The flowers are collected into small florets, have a strong odor. In winter, the plant can peremerzat and in need of shelter. With an excess of moisture can hurt. Shrub is very popular among growers of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
The ideal soil for the cultivation of barberry sharoplodnogo considered gravelly, limed
His birthplace - Central and Central Asia. The shrub grows on dry slopes. The height of the bush is usually about 2 m Flowers Painting -. Bright, golden-yellow. Fruit - red. The leaves are small, oblong, green, may have a bluish tint. Bush tends to frost up in cold weather, does not apply to winterhardiness, but brings great heat. To root system barberry monetchatogo not rot, it is necessary to monitor the amount of moisture and ensure drainage. Waterlogging can result in rust and ruin plants.
Barberry monetchaty brings great drought, but it is easy vyprevayut in rainy summer
The most popular variety among gardeners. Thunberg Barberry is extremely diverse. Mention may be at least 50 common varieties, each of which has its own advantages. Berberis thunbergii are widely used in landscape design. Typically bush reaches 1 m in height and 1.5 m in diameter. The inflorescence is composed of a small number of flowers - 2-4. Fruits are bright and have red or coral red. They look very nice, but they can not be eaten.
Unlike other barberries, thisvariety is resistant to rust, powdery mildew. Good regrowth after cutting. Some varieties can peremerzat in severe winters. As describe the characteristics of each of the most popular varieties in one article is difficult to offer a list of the most beautiful Berberis thunbergii:
- Bonanza Gold;
- Atropurpurea Nana;
- Kleiner Favorit;
- Little Favourite;
- Red Chief;
- Golden Ring;
- Dart's Red Lady;
- Dart's Purple;
- Red King;
- Helmont Pillar;
- Red Rocket;
- Rose Glow;
- Pink Queen.
This list is far from exhaustive. It named only the most beautiful and popular varieties of Berberis thunbergii. All of them are perfect for decorating the site. For details, see the video:
The number of varieties of barberry enormous. You can pick them so that they decorated the site since May and up to the frost. The video below demonstrates the diversity and beauty of the original barberry.
Barberry is ideal for the decoration of rockeries, livehedges and lawn frames, alpine gardens, Japanese gardens. The color palette is vast - from the various shades of yellow and red to green, purple and blue. Luxury compositions are obtained by combining different varieties of barberry, and when combined with other types of shrubs. Barberry used as main background and as contrast accent areas.
Dwarf varieties make out the edges and flower bedslawns. Shrub perfectly protects the flowers and grass from trampling. Some gardeners use undersized barberries for registration of the foot of large trees. It looks very picturesque. They are also used for decoration of Japanese gardens.
Often planted as a barberry hedge. Briar is a reliable protection area and looks nice. The fence can be left in its original form and can be cut at its discretion. Well kept barberries form with erect branches. It is possible to form a rounded crown. The video explains how to mow barberry in the form of a fountain.
The best time to plant barberry - spring andautumn. Propagated plant seeds, cuttings, layering, division. The best option for the novice gardener - buy a good seedling, because seed multiplication time-consuming.
To propagate cuttings barberry, it gentlycut, planted in the fertile soil on the lawn or indoors, watering and wait until roots appear. Ready seedling transferred to the open ground, along with the soil from the pot.
During the multiplication of layering escape prishpilivayut,sprinkled the ground, and the soil is moistened while strains do not take root. Even more convenient way - by dividing the bush. He removed from the land, share, seated. In this case the bush quickly take root and begin to bear fruit.
Barberry is not picky about soil. The main thing is not to be flooded, and the selected location is well covered. Shrub planting should be in the sun or in partial shade. For single bushes dig holes 0.5h0.5h0.5 m.
In order to hedge - or the same pit, ortrench desired length. Yama is well moistened, equip drainage (suitable gravel, leaves, sawdust, etc.). After that, make the soil with fertilizers (superphosphate, peat or humus). Place ready for planting.
The sequence works:
- In a prepared recess lowered sapling so that the neck of the root was underground at a depth of 3-4 cm.
- When planting hedges the distance between the individual bushes should be 30-40 cm.
- Planting should be well watered.
- The last step - mulching the soil with sawdust or leaves.
As you can see - it's pretty simple.
When planting barberry be sure to flatten the roots of seedlings
Feed the barberries begin in the second yearafter landing. For this purpose, urea (20-30 g per 1 bucket of water) or compound fertilizers (at the doses indicated in the manual). After this shrub are fed every 4-5 years.
plant should be watered only during longdroughts. Suffice it to 2-3 times a week. Be sure to cut the old and dry branches. You can do bush clippers for the formation of the crown, if desired. These procedures are carried out 2-3 times per season.
Experienced gardeners recommend treatingbush against pests. Most often it hit the aphid and flower Moth. The problem is solved by fitoverm 0.2% solution. If barberry struck by mildew, use fundazol solution (20 g per 1 bucket of water). Frequent attack - rust, struggling with her 1% solution of liquid Bordeaux. | <urn:uuid:af841297-ce82-4fe4-89ac-252ca493e3c5> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://construct-yourself.com/improvement/landscape-design/plant-encyclopedia/planting-technology-barberry-and-care-for-it-advice-from-gardeners.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254882.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519121502-20190519143502-00192.warc.gz | en | 0.914913 | 2,877 | 3.25 | 3 |
Karrer et al let a representative sample of 83 German drivers perform for 2 hours on a monotonous driving task on motorway. Trained observers registered the occurrence of DWA, as being indicated by one or more of the following symptoms:
- The driver began to stare into space
- The drivers began to stare and head shakes upwards or downwards
- Start of rolling eye movement of the driver
- Start of squinting.
During the drive, the EEG (duration and frequency alpha waves), eye jumps (saccades) and the frequency of eye blinks were measured. Also, traffic errors were measured (mainly crossing over edge markings). DWA occurred for 18% of the drivers, and relatively more for young male drivers. The 83 participants in total crossed 260 times edge marking. In 33, 5% of these cases, DWA was present. DWA went together with a decrease in the number of eye jumps and a decrease in the size of the jumps. The higher the frequency of DWA moments, the longer the duration of eye blinks. This last results supports the conclusion that DWA occurs at a low intensity attention level and that this causes more traffic errors to be made. | <urn:uuid:d789ae0d-9208-4cb1-9513-e8540eb4f970> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://ec.europa.eu/transport/wcm/road_safety/erso/knowledge/Content/55_fatique/driving_without_awareness.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609530131.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005210-00433-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961697 | 247 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Classroom Noise a Problem for Teachers and Pupils – Lightweight acoustic Panels
by Gerald Hynes
Background noise in classrooms can be a major problem, but it is not always recognised. It can result in speech recognition problems and hearing difficulties for students, and increased stress on teaching staff.
Reverberation and other unwanted noise can be amplified by hard floor and wall surfaces such as concrete and glass. This reflected sound makes clear communication difficult for teachers and students alike. Sound and speech quality can be a particular problem in active practical classrooms like the teaching kitchen pictured here, where tools, implements, cross-talk, etc., all contribute to the background noise. Often, an unpleasant outcome of situations like this is that sound levels go up – as teachers and students tend to shout to make themselves heard.
Lightweight Acoustic Panels Provide a Simple Solution
A simple way to improve this situation is to install Acoustic Panels in the room. Lightweight Sonofonic Acoustic Panels finished with a porous washable paint system. They are easily retrofitted under an existing ceiling using ‘Spiramount’ spiral fixings available from Sontext. Information on this panel fixing system can be obtained from Sontext via the e-mail link below.In the case pictured here, 50mm thick Sonofonic sound absorbing panels were suspended horizontally under the concrete slab ceiling at Riverside High School, Tasmania. Sontext have completed a number of similar school projects recently – in laboratories, music rooms and craft rooms. Teaching staff report that the reduction in noise levels was noticeable immediately.
If you require a solution to classroom noise please contact Sontext on email@example.com | <urn:uuid:b4fe78ec-7779-4f47-921e-e272c0601692> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.sontext.com.au/noise-in-classroom-lightweight-acoustic-panels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039745762.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119130208-20181119152208-00300.warc.gz | en | 0.933996 | 342 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Solving Your Cockatiel's Feather-Plucking Problem
Feather plucking is a complex syndrome. It can indicate either a physical or psychological problem with your cockatiel. You need to observe your bird closely, commit to medical care, and then be creative in solving this issue. This syndrome has many looks. Feather mutilation may range from a bare spot under the wings to a bald chest. It may indicate a deadly disease or could just mean that your cockatiels feel overcrowded in their current accommodations.
Feather plucking is a difficult syndrome for cockatiel owners to face. Much of the beauty and delight of cockatiels is found in their feathers. Underneath it all, a cockatiel looks like a plucked chicken, albeit a plucked chicken with personality! It's worth looking into the reasons for your cockatiel's condition, because feather plucking can be alleviated, or at least controlled, in many cases.
Causes of feather picking
Feather plucking can be caused by disease or allergy. It can be a reaction to toxins or the result of a skin infection. Parasites, as well as dietary deficiencies, contribute to feather plucking. Some feather plucking is a behavioral response alone, with no medical cause. Because feather plucking has such a range of causes, finding the cause takes some investigation on your part.
Start this investigation with a medical exam by an avian veterinarian. Your vet will want to rule out hypothyroidism, infection, or disease as a cause of the feather picking. Cockatiels commonly have itchy skin and pick only under their wings when they have an infection of the parasite Giardia. You or your veterinarian won't know this without lab tests.
Probably one of the worst causes of feather picking is Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD). This disease usually affects young birds under 3 years old and causes feathers to grow in abnormally. It's an infectious disease and not curable.
Don't be concerned if your avian veterinarian can't find the cause of your cockatiel's feather picking right away. Work as a team to resolve the problem, as this is such a complex syndrome. Carefully consider the symptoms your bird has and follow your veterinarian's directions regarding ways to rule out different physical causes.
Your cockatiel may be plucking due to sexual frustration. Does your cockatiel pluck feathers at certain times of the year? Is it during the spring and the fall? If this turns out to be the cause, control sexual stimulation or work with your veterinarian to administer hormone shots.
Though it's possible that sexual frustration may be a reason for feather plucking in parrots, breeding your cockatiel isn't the best solution to this problem. If people breed feather-plucking cockatiels, the result in future generations of cockatiels is more feather-plucking cockatiels. Breed only the most outstanding companion cockatiels so that you produce more healthy cockatiels who are well adjusted to life as a human's companion.
Observations about your cockatiel
Your observations about your cockatiel are key to determining his health status. Important observations include details about the age and history of your cockatiel. Where did you get him, and has he lived with other birds and with other species of birds? How long have you observed feather-plucking behavior, and when did it start? What does your cockatiel eat? Do you see your cockatiel picking? Is he pulling out feathers, mutilating feathers, or digging sores on his body? Is this a seasonal pattern? Does your cockatiel seem to have itchy skin? How does he react when you see him plucking feathers? Where is your cockatiel plucking? A cockatiel can reach his chest or back. If he's missing feathers from his head, then someone else in the flock is doing the plucking.
Do you or someone in the family smoke or use sprays or chemicals in the home? Have you recently installed new carpeting or started using new scented candles or an air freshener? Is your cockatiel getting a good diet? Does he eat a formulated diet supplemented with fresh foods or a homemade diet and vitamins? Do you feed something other than seed? Does he have access to cuttlebone? Do you have full-spectrum lights in your cockatiel's environment?
Distracting a feather plucker
Whether your cockatiel is plucking feathers for medical or behavioral reasons, you can make several changes that may help your cockatiel feel better about himself and his condition. Bathe your cockatiel daily while his condition persists. Doing so will minimize bacteria and molds as well as irritants to which he is allergic. If your cockatiel is suffering from separation anxiety, his preening following a bath gives him something to do.
Don't give your cockatiel any attention for plucking. Don't admonish him to stop or say no or run over to distract him. Those responses aren't helpful, and your attention may be exactly what he craves. Give your plucking cockatiel attention for playing quietly or for resting peacefully. Tell him how beautiful he is in those moments, as that is behavior you want to encourage.
Offer a plucking cockatiel other outlets for constructive preening. Give him toys that allow him to run his beak over strands of fiber just as he would run his beak through feathers to preen. He can learn to compulsively destroy a toy instead of his own feathers. Let your cockatiel play with peacock feathers or perforate your junk mail. A small whisk-broom or piece of all-cotton rope offer preening opportunities. Change your bird's toys, even if you simply rotate the same toys every other week. If your cockatiel's plucking stems from boredom or if you need to redirect his behavior, rotating the toys is helpful. If your cockatiel is stressed and fearful, however, this tactic probably isn't a good idea. | <urn:uuid:46b5eaac-453d-4b75-8418-197b0e908bb8> | CC-MAIN-2016-18 | http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/solving-your-cockatiels-featherplucking-problem.navId-323757.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860111592.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161511-00132-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946401 | 1,256 | 3 | 3 |
For the average, healthy person, getting the flu is just miserable: the body aches, fever, sore throat, fatigue, and chills will have you down and out for days, possibly even weeks. But for those with other medical conditions, the flu can create complications that can be much more serious, and sometimes deadly. Which is why we take it so seriously.
We all have a responsibility to protect ourselves – and each other - from the flu. We need to create a cocoon of safety around those for whom contact with the flu virus is a life-threatening event. The flu can create complications for young children, seniors and pregnant women, as well as those with asthma, chronic lung disease, heart disease, neurological conditions, kidney and liver disorders. It is also a high risk for those who have a weakened immune system due to HIV or treatment for cancer.
Odds are pretty good you know someone who fits in one of those categories and wouldn’t want to put them – or anyone else - at increased risk. Doing your part is relatively simple: Get your flu shot and, if you get sick, do everything you can to limit the spread of germs.
Not Too Late for Flu Vaccine
The flu season often hits its peak in February, so getting a vaccine now can help minimize your risk. You need a vaccine every year. Vaccines are created based on the best estimates for the strain that will be circulating each year. How closely the vaccine matches the current strain varies, so you might still get the flu if you have received a vaccine, but your symptoms will be less severe than they otherwise would have been. The vaccine will not —ever — give you the flu.
Sick? Don’t Share
No one wants you to come to work sick - no matter how important your job. If you get the flu, please stay home. You will be doing everyone a favor. Don’t go to schools, stores, or any public places. Wash your hands, cough into your sleeve, and keep your germs from spreading. It’s your responsibility to others.
Most importantly, do not come to the hospital to visit patients or wait for others having surgery or tests. Here, we are caring for patients with the medical conditions that can make them particularly vulnerable to the flu. If you are sick and want to visit a loved one in the hospital, Skype, Facetime, or send an email instead. A face-to-face visit is wonderful, but safety needs to be the top concern. You should be symptom free for 48 hours before coming to the hospital to visit. | <urn:uuid:71bcef38-c310-48c3-892d-da821bad4a4f> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.nhrmc.org/physician-group/blog/2016/02/your-role-in-preventing-spread-of-flu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655921988.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711032932-20200711062932-00018.warc.gz | en | 0.958541 | 536 | 3 | 3 |
Translated from the Italian, Cosi fan tutte means "That's how all women act"; the libretto, the last of three Lorenzo da Ponte wrote for Mozart, concerns the behavior of women, particularly the behavior of young women in the throes of romantic love. Are they fickle? Are their affections mutable? Their virtue flexible? In Cosi fan tutte, Mozartand Da Ponte answer with resounding affirmatives.
In the nearly 200 years since it was first performed at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Cosi fan tutte has waxed and waned and waxed again in popularity. The music, with its richness of melody, harmony, and texture, and its perfection of form, has never been considered less than brilliant. The libretto, however, has not been as well received as evidenced by attempts in the 19th century to "improve" it, making it more possible to the overly decorous sensibilities of the Victorians.
In examining the reaction of 19th-century opera goers, the noted British composer, conductor, and musicologist Spike Hughes laments, "The opera must indeed have seemed to them sadly untypical of the Divine Mozart, who not only seemed to enjoy this trivialities, not to say indecencies, of an exquisitely constructed libretto, but even went so far as to squander an unending stream of lovely music on worthless characters and contemptible situations."
The "worthless" characters are Ferrando and Guglielmo, two Italian army officers in love with two Neapolitan sisters, Fiodiligi and Dorabella. The "contemptible" situation is a wager and the comedy of deception that ensues: bragging of their ladies' fidelity, the two officers are challenged by a sage but cynical Don Alfonso who declares, "The faithfulness of woman is like the phoenix: everybody has heard about it, but nobody has ever actually seen it."
In the 20th century Cosi fan tutte has once again secured its rightful and prestigious place among the world's great operas. This volume, containing the full score with Italian and German text, is reproduced from one of the most complete, accurate, and scholarly editions available. It also contains a new translation of the German editors' frontmatter and critical commentary, which includes a review of dubious passages and text problems. Beautifully and clearly engraved, this modestly priced edition of Cosi fan tutte will be welcomed by musicians, students, and all opera lovers.
|Availability||Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours|
|Author/Editor||Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|
|Dimensions||9 3/8 x 12 1/4|
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Few movements have captured the liberal imagination like the local food movement. “Food miles” is becoming a household term, and a Google search for “locavore” returns nearly half a million results. But at a time when our nation and our planet are grappling with the prospect of devastating man-made climate change, we’re in need of some perspective on what local food really means.
By one count the typical bite of food travels 4,200 miles as it winds its way through the supply chain. But delivery of the final food product to the grocery store accounts for just a quarter of that travel. The other three quarters comes from delivery of inputs to farms and factories.
That means that how locally your food producer sources his goods is three times as important as how locally you source your food. You may buy beef from a farmer just up the road, but if his cattle feed is trucked in from halfway across the continent (as most is), then what does “local” beef really mean?
Another caveat to local food is that if it’s even just a little more carbon-efficient to produce elsewhere, that benefit can outweigh the transportation impact. Production contributes 45% of a meal’s total carbon emissions, but transportation in the supply chain contributes just 6%.
Could we produce locally grown chocolate in Vermont? Yes, but the carbon footprint of raising a cacao orchard in a heated greenhouse would dwarf the emissions from shipping cocoa from the tropics. An extreme example, but even for more mundane foods, focusing your local eating on local specialties and being willing to import non-specialties can reduce your impact.
Finally, the real kicker. All the shipping of inputs to the farm, crops to the factory, and foods to the store contributes just 29% of your typical meal’s transportation footprint. The remaining lion’s share of emissions comes from your own driving to stores and restaurants.
That might seem implausible considering the 4,200 miles your food traveled to the store that’s just blocks from your house. But traveling in the back seat of your station wagon is orders of magnitude less efficient than traveling in a densely packed tractor-trailer or cargo ship.
Local food can be fresher, tastier, and help build strong communities. But when it comes to energy use and climate change, it may do less good than you’d imagine. In terms of carbon emissions, minimizing your own food-related driving, meat consumption, and cooking energy should be a higher priority than minimizing food miles.
Brighter Planet (www.brighterplanet.com) helps people manage their environmental footprint. The clean-energy start-up is pioneering fresh green solutions that are accessible to everyone, fit one’s lifestyle, and are fun to share. To date, more than 150,000 customers have used the company’s climate change solutions, the Brighter Planet Visa debit and credit cards and Offsets by Brighter Planet, to invest in reputable American renewable energy projects.
Brighter Planet recently published a white paper on food and climate change, entitled, “The American Carbon Foodprint: Understanding and Reducing your Food’s Impact on Climate Change.” | <urn:uuid:a942d801-f167-4fe8-8495-3523d0aa1ebd> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://www.fastcompany.com/1536686/food-miles-debunked | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487634616.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618013013-20210618043013-00298.warc.gz | en | 0.935353 | 663 | 2.875 | 3 |
On June 28, 1577, German-born Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens was born. He is best known for his extravagant Baroque style that emphasised movement, colour, and sensuality.
“The light falls so unfavorably on the altar that one can hardly discern the figures or enjoy the beauty of color and the delicacy of the heads and draperies which I executed with great care from nature and completely successfully according to the judgement of all. Therefore, seeing that all the merit in the work is thrown away and since I cannot obtain the honor due my efforts unless the results can be seen, I do not think I will unveil it.”
– Peter Paul Rubens, in his letter to Count Annibale Chieppio (1608)
Peter Paul Rubens – Becoming an Artist
Peter Paul Rubens was probably born on 28 June 1577 as the son of Jan Rubens and Maria Pypelinckx in Siegen (county of Nassau-Dillenburg). He had six siblings. The date of birth is not attested beyond doubt, as only one copperplate engraving, made nine years after Rubens’ death, refers to June 28. Another possible date would be 29 June as the Roman Catholic Church’s day of remembrance for Peter and Paul. Rubens received a good formal education in mostly Latin and literature, starting with his artistic career under Tobias Verhaeght at the age of 14. To exercise, Rubens copied various images, mostly woodcuts and engraving from famous contemporary artists. After he finished his education, Rubens traveled to Italy, first stopping in Venice. The trip highly influenced his later career, as he was fascinated by Titian’s and Tintoretto‘s paintings. He enjoyed their compositions as well as their coloring styles and after the Duke promised the artist a tolerable financial aid, he moved along to Rome and Florence. The Greek and Roman art, he studied during his stay influences his very mature way of painting. Rubens also stated to have been highly inspired by the works of Caravaggio, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci, to name just a few. In this period, he completed the altarpiece commission St. Helena with the True Cross. In the following years, Rubens also created several portraits and a book illustration of the palaces of Genova.
Back at Antwerp
Due to his mother‘s severe illness, Rubens moved back to Antwerp. The mayor’s commissions (“The Adoration of the Magi“, 1609, for Antwerp’s city hall, immediately followed by “Samson and Delila” for his private residence) helped Rubens to make his skills known in the shortest possible time and to receive further lucrative commissions from the upper classes. On 9 January 1610 Rubens was finally sworn in as court painter to Albert VII, Archduke of Austria, already on 23 September 1609 he had been appointed to this position, in 1611 Rubens founded his own splendid home in which he placed his rich art collection. Now combining a diplomat and artistic career, Rubens focussed more and more on teaching young talented artists, such as Anthony van Dyck who became famous for his numerous portraits. During these years, famous pictures like ‘The Elevation of the Cross’ or the portrait of ‘Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia‘ from 1615 were completed, increasing Ruben‘s fame critically. But his fame also led to many people copying his works, mostly in the Netherlands, but also in Spain, France, and England, wherefore he established a copyright for nearly all of his pictures.
Diplomat and Artist
After 1621, Rubens began focussing more and more on his job as a diplomat, traveling through Europe and being knighted several times and receiving a few honorary diplomas from several universities he visited. In 1622 Maria de’ Medici called him to Paris to decorate her Luxembourg Palace built there with representations of the most memorable events of her own life (so-called Medici cycle, ca. 1622-1625). Still, he found time to complete several paintings like the ‘Allegory of Peace and War‘, which he finished in 1629 and gave it to Charles I as a gift. After Rubens had been a diplomat in the service of Archduchess Isabella since 1623 for the purpose of peace negotiations, the Archduchess sent him to Spain in 1628 with the same intention. Rubens won the King’s confidence, became secretary of the Privy Council and carried out several works during his stay in Madrid. From Madrid he was sent to London in 1629 to negotiate with the King for peace between Spain and England. Thanks to these preliminary discussions, the peace treaty was signed in 1630.
In the later years of his work, as the commissions became too frequent, he designed almost only the sketches themselves; he left the execution largely to his students. When he took over works, it was often decided which students were allowed to help him. Rubens now lived alternately in the city and on his country estate Kasteel Steen in Elewijt near Mechelen. Since 1635 he mostly painted easel paintings of a finer execution. Peter Paul Rubens died on 30 May 1640 at the age of 63 in Antwerp after suffering from gout for some time.
Rubensian and Rubinesque
Rubens’ works are characterized by light and color. His pleasure in the sensual appearance forms a sharp contrast to the worldly piety of the devotional pictures of the older school. He also devoted himself to mythological objects. He painted nudes with bright flesh colour. He not only reproduced lined models, but also created figures who, like those of the Greeks and Romans, were used to nudity. He became widely known for the full figures women he passionately painted, wherefore these styles became known as Rubensian or Rubinesque. His pictures are characterized by an allegorical visual language with mythological symbolism. The drawings often become his own works, which surpass the later paintings in their power of formulation. His paintings are exhibited in the most prominent art museums around the world and are worth several million dollars.
At yovisto academic video search, you may enjoy a short documentary lecture on the artist Peter Paul Rubens, as well as detailed information on his most important works and influences.
References and Further Reading:
- Rubens Website
- Master of Shadows, The Secret Diplomatic Career of Peter Paul Rubens
- Rubens at the Guardian
- Titian – the Sun Amidst Small Stars, SciHi Blog
- Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio – Archetype of the Wicked Genius, SciHi Blog
- Michelangelo Buonarotti – the Renaissance Artist, SciHi Blog
- Peter Paul Rubens at Wikidata
- Jaffé, Michael (1977). Rubens and Italy. Cornell University Press.
- The Correspondence of Peter Paul Rubens in EMLO
- Timeline for Peter Paul Rubens, via Wikidata | <urn:uuid:8dcf3f1f-0470-49aa-a8b7-2af4da65983e> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://scihi.org/peter-paul-rubens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400190270.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200919044311-20200919074311-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.980838 | 1,511 | 3 | 3 |
(Last Updated on : 02-12-2013)
Kakmachi is a variable annual herb which is of high medicinal value. It is found widely throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. In India, Kakmachi is found throughout the country at an elevation of 2100 meters as a weed in open, disturbed habitats like cultivated lands, gardens and on roadsides. The botanical name of this herb is Solatium nigrum Mill. It is known by several names in different languages like Gurkamai and Tulidun in Bengali, Piludi in Gujarati, Karikaachi Gida in Kannada, Kakmachi, Kamoni, Ghati, Laghukavali and Meko in Marathi, Kakamachi and Kakamaci in Sanskrit, Kachchipundu, Kachi, Gajjuchettu, Kamanchi and Kasaka in Telugu, Kabaiya, Gurkamai and Makoi in Hindi, Manatakkali in Malayalam, Kambei, Mako, Kach-Mach and Riaungi in Punjabi, Manattakkali in Tamil and Makoya in Urdu.
Kakmachi is an annual and a variable herb which is up to one meter in height with an erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent stem and divaricated branching pattern. The leaves of this herb are 2.5 to 9 centimetres long and 2 to 5 centimetres wide, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, thin, margins subentire to sinuately toothed, tapering into the petiole with apex subacute or acuminate. The petioles are 2 centimetres long. Flowers of Kakmachi are small, white in colour and are borne in drooping, umbellate 3 to 8-flowered cymes. The peduncles are 0.6 to 2 centimetres long and slender. The pedicels are 0.6 to 1 centimetres long and are very slender. The calyx is 3 millimetres long, 5-toothed, glabrous; corolla 2-8 mm long, divided more than halfway down into 5 oblong, subacute, reflexed lobes, stamens exposed, and yellow in colour. The Fruits (berries) of this herb are globose and are 5 to 8 millimetres in diameter. The fruits are red, yellow or purplish-black in colour when ripe. There are numerous seeds which are disc-shaped, 1.5 millimeters in diameter, yellow in colour and minutely pitted. The flowers and fruits are seen through out the year in the Kakmachi herb and are mainly seen between the months of February and July.
All parts of Kakmachi are considered demulcent, cardiotonic, alterative, antidiabetic, diuretic and laxative. The entire plant is used internally to relieve cardialgia and gripe. The fresh juice of the whole plant is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, haemoptysis, dropsy, dysentery
, enlargement of the liver and spleen, and is regarded very effective in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver; its decoction is considered narcotic and antispasmodic. The leaves and tender shoots of this Indian medicinal plant are boiled and eaten in many parts of India by patients suffering from dropsy. A decoction of the leaves is used as a laxative and diuretic. The warmed leaves are applied to relieve painful and swollen testicles; and the leaf paste is used as a poultice to provide relief from gout, skin diseases and rheumatic joints. The berries are regarded to possess tonic, diuretic and cathartic properties and are used in treating heart diseases and anasarca. They are a domestic remedy for fevers, eye troubles, diarrhoea and ulcers. A decoction of the berries and flowers is prescribed for relieving cold and cough. The ripe fruits are commonly eaten in pies and preserves. | <urn:uuid:fe533d61-03be-4ed1-8c40-e3faac376745> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.indianetzone.com/48/kakmachi.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540547536.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191212232450-20191213020450-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.932825 | 868 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The first female U.S. astronaut to fly into space will be honored by the United States Mint in 2022, leading off a series of circulating coins depicting notable American women.
Sally Ride, who famously made history launching on the space shuttle in 1983, will be featured as part of the Mint’s American Women Quarters Program. The late astronaut will be one of the first two women represented on the new coins, which will be issued through 2025.
“Famed writer Maya Angelou and trailblazing astronaut Dr. Sally Ride will be the first,” the U.S. Mint announced on Monday (April 12).
As authorized by Congress by the passage of the Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Act of 2020, the U.S. Mint will issue circulating and numismatic quarter-dollar coins with reverse (or tails-side) designs that are “emblematic of the accomplishments and contributions of a prominent American woman,” beginning next year. The bill directs that the honorees be selected from a wide spectrum of fields, as well as be from ethnic, racial and geographical diverse backgrounds.
The legislation also requires that no living person be featured on the coins. Ride died in 2012 at the age of 61.
A member of NASA’s first class of astronauts to include women, Ride launched on her first mission in 1983 as a member of space shuttle Challenger’s STS-7 crew. The first American woman to fly into space, Ride was preceded into Earth orbit by two Russian female cosmonauts: Valentina Tereshkova and Svetlana Savitskaya in 1963 and 1982, respectively.
Ride flew on a second shuttle mission, STS-41G, also aboard Challenger, in 1984. In total, she logged 14 days and 8 hours in space, circling the Earth 230 times.
After retiring from NASA in 1987, Ride became a physics professor and authored several children’s science books. She also co-founded Sally Ride Science, a non-profit organization promoting students, mostly girls, take up an interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) studies and careers.
In addition to being the first U.S. woman in space, Ride was the youngest NASA astronaut to launch on a mission (at age 32 in 1983) and the earliest space flier to be recognized as a member of the LGBT community.
In accordance with the enacted law, the Secretary of the Treasury selected Ride (and Angelou) for the American Women Quarters Program after consulting with the Smithsonian Institution’s American Women’s History Initiative, the National Women’s History Museum and the Congressional Bipartisan Women’s Caucus. The public is invited to submit recommendations for future women to be honored via a website run by the National Women’s History Museum.
The U.S. Mint will oversee the design of the coins, including the quarter honoring Ride. Once there is candidate artwork, the Mint will submit the concepts to the Commission of Fine Arts for comment and Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee for review. The final decision on the designs will be made by the Secretary of the Treasury.
The obverse (or heads-side) of each coin in the American Women Quarters Program will maintain a likeness of George Washington, but will be different from the design used during the U.S. Mint’s earlier quarter programs.
Ride will not be the first astronaut to appear on a U.S. coin or a circulating quarter.
In 2002, the U.S. Mint issued Ohio’s entry in its 50 State Quarters Program with a depiction of an astronaut in an Apollo spacesuit as a nod to the state being the “birthplace of aviation pioneers,” including John Glenn and Neil Armstrong. More recently, the Mint depicted a shuttle astronaut on its 2019 commemorative coin celebrating Native Americans in the space program, and in January of this year, honored “Teacher in Space” Christa McAuliffe on a commemorative silver dollar. | <urn:uuid:c6a2c1a0-ecec-4dd7-bfcd-e9f44e3bb74b> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://ttechnews.tk/2021/04/15/us-mint-to-honor-astronaut-sally-ride-on-american-women-quarter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585561.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023033857-20211023063857-00315.warc.gz | en | 0.945052 | 834 | 3.046875 | 3 |
WASHINGTON (AP) -- Saying the government should lead by example, President Barack Obama is ordering the federal government to nearly triple its use of renewable sources for electricity by 2020.
Obama says the plan to use renewables for 20 percent of electricity needs will help reduce pollution that causes global warming, promote American energy independence and boost domestic energy sources such as solar and wind power that provide thousands of jobs.
Obama was set to announce the plan Thursday as part of his wide-ranging, second-term drive to combat climate change and prepare for its effects. A plan announced in June would put first-time limits on carbon pollution from new and existing power plants, boost renewable energy production on federal lands and prepare communities to deal with higher temperatures.
The Associated Press obtained an advance copy of the executive order on renewable energy, which applies to all federal agencies, civilian and military. The Defense Department has previously set a goal that 25 percent of its energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy by 2025.
Obama said federal agencies have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by more than 15 percent since he took office in 2009 but said the government can do even better. The government should lead by example, he said.
The federal government occupies nearly 500,000 buildings, operates 600,000 vehicles and purchases more than $500 billion per year in goods and services.
The government currently has a goal of using 7.5 percent of its electricity from renewable sources, but Obama said recent increases in renewable energy supplies make the new 20 percent goal achievable by 2020.
The White House did not provide an estimate for how much money, if any, the proposal would save over the next decade.
The order on renewable energy is one of several steps the administration is announcing this week on energy efficiency.
On Tuesday, officials announced a plan to cut energy waste at multifamily housing such as apartments and condominiums and released a 2014 fuel economy guide to help motorists choose fuel-efficient vehicles.
As part of the administration's push to expand renewable energy, the Pentagon last year committed to deploying 3 gigawatts of renewable energy on Army, Navy and Air Force installations by 2025 — enough to power 750,000 homes. | <urn:uuid:24cc5fee-966e-463a-b266-1ba444e03ce2> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.manufacturing.net/home/news/13208403/obama-to-feds-boost-renewable-power-20-percent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347293.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224165708-20210224195708-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.967144 | 438 | 2.875 | 3 |
A rare bright comet shows up in the northern hemisphere this week, cruising past Earth with promise of spectacular naked-eye viewings of the giant ball of ice and dust streaking the twilight sky with a blazing tail.
Dubbed Pan-STARRS after the Hawaii-based telescope that first spotted it nearing our corner of the universe, the comet should be at its brightest from about Friday to the middle of next week, say astronomers.
It is the first to pass within our line of sight this year – squeezing between the sun and its nearest-orbiting planet, Mercury.
Comets this bright generally come by about every 10 to 20 years.
Astronomers predict Pan-STARRS could shine as brilliantly as the stars that make up the Big Dipper constellation – about halfway between the brightest and faintest stars visible from Earth.
Northern hemisphere stargazers eager for a glimpse of the celestial apparition will have to look towards the west at dusk, left of the sickle moon, preferably in a dark place outside of big cities with their electric light pollution.
"They will see a fuzzy disk which we call the coma, which is like a little atmosphere around the nucleus of the comet," said Detlef Koschny, head of the European Space Agency's near-Earth object segment.
"The coma will be smaller than the full moon, but still visibly a disk, not just a point. And then the tail – we hope it will be several diameters of the full moon."
While the comet's passing could mean a rare and magnificent sight, experts warn it may also fizzle out disappointingly.
Much depends on its surface properties and how it reacts to the sun's heat and gravitational pull.
A comet like this one "is always an unknown quantity equally capable of spectacular displays or dismal failures," comet monitor Karl Battams of the US Naval Research Lab said in a statement.
"Almost anything could happen."
But the comet is not about to crash into Earth, Mercury or the sun.
"We know the orbit well enough to be really able to exclude precisely that it will not hit any planet," said Koschny.
Pan-STARRS comes from an area of space known as the Oort Cloud in which comets circle our solar system far beyond the orbit of Pluto in individual loops that take from years to aeons to complete.
This comet is in a hyperbolic orbit, which means it will likely go around the sun only once, never to return.
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gas, rock and dust roughly the size of a small town, according to NASA. They were formed in the infancy of the solar system.
Sometimes they are pulled towards our sun, heat up as they approach and start evaporating, leaving behind a tail of debris that stretches for millions of kilometres as they speed off again.
Pan-STARRS will pass very close to the sun, about 160 million kilometres from Earth, meaning it "should be very active, producing a lot of dust and therefore a nice dust tail", said astronomer Matthew Knight of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.
The best dates to look may be March 12 and 13, the experts say.
"If you look, say 45 minutes after sunset, it will be the width of your hand above the horizon," said Koschny.
The comet should move ever further away, becoming fainter and fainter each day until it is invisible by about the end of the month.
For the past few weeks the comet has been visible with the naked eye in some countries in the southern hemisphere.
Pan-STARRS will be followed in late November by comet ISON, which some experts say may linger brilliantly for months – possibly as brightly as a full moon in broad daylight. | <urn:uuid:286af089-e478-40a6-8f0d-c69405cc8723> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.theage.com.au/technology/comet-holds-promise-for-stargazers-20130307-2fmv2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145676.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200222115524-20200222145524-00316.warc.gz | en | 0.951342 | 779 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Recently, I received a message from Akil Bello who pointed out a data visualization he had seen. It was originally posted to Reddit, but later was edited to eliminate the red-green barrier that people with color-blindness face. The story was here, using a more suitable blue-red scheme.
There's nothing really wrong with visualizing test scores, of course. I do it all the time. But many of the comments on Reddit suggest that somehow the tests have real meaning, as a single variable devoid of any context. I don't think that's a good way to analyze data.
So I went to the NY City Department of Education to see what I can find. There is a lot of good stuff there, so I pulled some of it down and began taking a look at it. Here's what I found.
On the first chart, I wanted to see if the SAT could be described as an outcome of other variables, so I put the average SAT score on the y-axis, and began with a simple measure: Eighth grade math and English scores on the x-axis. Hover over the regression line, and you'll see an r-squared of about .90.
Scientists would use the term "winner, winner, chicken dinner" when getting results like this. It means, for all intents and purposes, that if you know a high school's mean 8th grade achievement scores, you can predict their SAT scores four years later with amazing accuracy. And--here's the interesting thing--the equation holds for virtually every single school. There are few outliers.
But critics of the SAT also say that the scores are reflective of other things, too; an accumulation of social capital, for instance. So use the control at the bottom to change the value on the x-axis. Try economic need index, or percentage of students in temporary housing, or percentage of the student body that are White or Asian. The line may go up (positive correlation) or down (negative) but you'll always see the schools with the highest scores tend to have the characteristics you'd expect.
Jump to the second tab. This is more a response to the Reddit post: The top map shows the ZIP codes and a bubble, indicating the number of schools in that ZIP. The bottom map shows every school arrayed on two poverty scales: Economic Index and Percent in Temporary Housing. The color shows the mean SAT score in the school (Critical Reading plus Math, on a 1600-point scale.) Purple dots represent higher scores.
Use the ZIP highlighter, and you'll see the top map show only that bubble, and the bottom will show the schools in it.
Got the lesson? Good. Now, think about why the colleges with high median test scores a) have them, and b) tend to produce students with high GRE and MCAT and LSAT scores, and c) point to excellent outcomes for their students.
And let me know what you think. | <urn:uuid:8a8cce6a-d1d2-442e-ad41-6032554f7c28> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://highereddatastories.blogspot.com/2017/01/ny-city-public-schools-and-what-they.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948580416.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215231248-20171216013248-00313.warc.gz | en | 0.961254 | 609 | 2.640625 | 3 |
French people very much glide over the French direct and indirect object pronouns, which creates a lot of confusion for foreigners who only learned French with books and don’t know the common spoken French pronunciation.
Click on This Audio Link to Hear The Modern Glided Pronunciation of the French Object Pronouns
In this audio lesson, we are going to drill with the French object pronouns. Play the audio, drill out loud and repeat as many times as necessary until this becomes natural to you.
To learn French object pronouns, what they are and how to use them, please follow this link, or look in a grammar book (such as my audio method + novel À Moi Paris Level 3). In this article, I’ll focus on the pronunciation.
Modern French Pronunciation
This is not an easy lesson to write because glidings are a street thing, and they change a lot – and fast… Just like in English you write “I am going to give”, but say “I’m going to give” or even say “I’m gonna give”, French people will glide over the pronouns in a lighter or a stronger way.
Furthermore, glidings are not set in stone. They don’t follow rules. So I will record what sounds good to me at this time – another French person coming from a different background may not agree with me…
The way someone speaks is a matter of personal preference, social class, context, region, age… The same person may apply more slang and glidings when among friends, speaking casually, than when being in a job interview.
Age is also a big condition: young people tend to apply more glidings and use more slang when they speak than adults.
I suggest to my French students that they learn “the middle” way ; some glidings, but not total street French. “I’m going to”, not “I gonna”. But it’s important that you understand both spoken and traditional French pronunciation, therefore also train with “full glidings” to understand the French when they speak.
This is why all of French Today’s French audiobooks are recorded at several speeds (and gliding levels).
How This French Audio Lesson Works
To train with the French object pronoun glidings, we are going to use the verb “donner” (to give) which can have both a direct and indirect object. We are going to drill in the present tense.
First, I will record the statement as it is written.
Then, when it’s possible, I’ll apply the middle gliding – the one I suggest you learn – and then the extreme gliding so you get accustom to hearing it.
- As you’ll notice, most of the glidings happen with “je”and “le”.
- The “il and ils” become “ee” and “elle and elles” become “è”.
- “Tu, nous and vous” don’t glide too much (except with “le”).
So now, let’s drill on the modern pronunciation of French object pronouns.
French Modern Pronunciation Using a Masculine Direct Object Pronoun = le
- Je le donne – I give it/him.
- Tu le donnes
- Il le donne
- Elle le donne
- On le donne
- Nous le donnons
- Vous le donnez
- Ils le donnent
- Elles le donnent
Pronunciation Drills Using a Feminine French Direct Object Pronoun = la
- Je la donne – I give her/it.
- Tu la donnes
- Il la donne
- Elle la donne
- On la donne
- Nous la donnons
- Vous la donnez
- Ils la donnent
- Elles la donnent
Pronunciation Exercises Using a Plural French Direct Object Pronoun = les
- Je les donne – I give them.
- Tu les donnes
- Il les donne
- Elle les donne
- On les donne
- Nous les donnons
- Vous les donnez
- Ils les donnent
- elles les donnent
Pronunciation Exercises Using a French Indirect Object Pronoun 3rd Person singular = lui
“Lui” is used both for “him and her”
- Je lui donne – I give to him/ to her – I give him/her something
- Tu lui donnes
- Il lui donne
- Elle lui donne
- On lui donne
- Nous lui donnons
- Vous lui donnez
- Ils lui donnent
- Elles lui donnent
Pronunciation Drills Using an French Indirect Object Pronoun 3rd Person Plural = leur
- Je leur donne – I give to them, I give them something
- Tu leur donnes
- Il leur donne
- Elle leur donne
- On leur donne
- Nous leur donnons
- Vous leur donnez
- Ils leur donnent
- elles leur donnent
Now let’s Concentrate a bit on the “je” Form that Gets Most of the Glidings.
- Je me le donne (I give it to myself)
- Je me la donne
- Je me les donne
- Je te le donne (I give it to you – using tu)
- Je te la donne
- Je te les donne
- Je le lui donne (I give it to him/her)
- Je la lui donne
- Je les lui donne
You’ll note that the French direct object pronoun totally disappears in the extremely glided version.
- Je vous le donne (I give it to you – using vous)
- Je vous la donne
- Je vous les donne
- Je le leur donne (I give it to them)
- Je la leur donne
- Je les leur donne
You’ll note once again that the French direct object pronoun totally disappears in the extremely glided version.
To master direct and indirect object pronouns in French, as well as other useful pronouns, I suggest you check out my French learning audio method À Moi Paris level 3 : I explain them clearly and illustrate the grammar with a lively and fun story.
Want to master French Verb Conjugations? Check out my French Verb Drills. | <urn:uuid:237f59fb-7f0e-40d1-bc80-b688e8efbcab> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://www.frenchtoday.com/blog/modern-pronunciation-french-object-pronouns-le-la-les-lui-leur | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549448146.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728083322-20170728103322-00107.warc.gz | en | 0.758316 | 1,494 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Amsterdam University Press
For a civilization that preserved its existence and integrity against overwhelming odds and contributed in captivating ways to the diversity of human culture, Byzantium is strangely one of the most maligned and misunderstood civilizations of the past. The way in which history has been carved up into periods has worked to its disadvantage, and Byzantium has been artificially cut off from its Roman roots.
This book proposes a long view of Byzantium, one that begins in the early Roman empire and extends all the way to the modern period. It is a provocative thought-experiment which posits Byzantium as the most stable and enduring form of Greco-Roman society, forming a sturdy bridge between antiquity and the early modern period, as well as between East and West, and which sees the ancient Greek, Roman, and Christian traditions as flowing together. It offers a Byzantium unbound by other cultures and fields of study that would artificially cut it down to size. | <urn:uuid:6ee6180a-b442-4660-b58e-5484dfdf9332> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://shop.btpubservices.com/Title/9781641891998 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103205617.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626101442-20220626131442-00147.warc.gz | en | 0.960689 | 220 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Akhenaten (“He who is of service to the Aten” or “Effective Spirit of Aten”) is one of the most famous pharaohs of ancient Egypt, despite the attempts of later rulers to omit him from the lists of kings. He began his reign under the name Amenhotep IV (“Amun is satisfied”). As the son of Amenhotep III, he inherited a prosperous and peaceful nation. He was crowned pharaoh with all of the usual flair and began an apparently normal reign. It is thought that his father reigned as co-regent during the first few years, but this is disputed by some scholars. The co-regency is supported by similarities in the artistic style during the later years of Amenhotep III and that of his son, but the style may well have developed before Akhenaten (then Amenhotep IV) became king.
However, it became clear early in his reign that the young king was prepared to go against convention. In his first year, he built a Temple dedicated to the Aten at the perimeter of the Temple of Amun at Karnak. He took the unconventional step of celebrating a Sed-festival in his third year (this festival was usually conducted in the thirtieth year of a Pharaoh’s reign) but still presented the Aten as a variant of Amun-Ra.
The Eighteenth Dynasty was characterised by powerful women, but Akhenaten seems to have granted his chief wife, Nefertiti, with power surpassed only by the Pharaoh himself. Some scholars even suggest that she ruled as co-regent for part of his reign.
Akhenaten built several structures at Karnak during the early part of his reign , while he was still using the name Amenhotep (IV). He built the temple “Rud-menu”(“Enduring in monuments of Aten for eternity”) and a palace complex called Gempaaten (“the Aten is found in the mansion of the Aten”) where the royal family lived during the winter months.
In the fifth or sixth year of his reign, he changed his name to Akhenaten, and constructed a new capital city, Akhetaten (“Horizon of Aten”) at modern Armarna, in an area not associated with any other god. He vowed never again to leave the boundaries of the city. Then, in the ninth year of his reign, he declared that Aten was the only god, and that he was the only intermediary between the Aten and the people. He ordered Amun’s name to be cut from his temples throughout Egypt and even defaced the name of his father because it contained the name of Amun. In a number of instances inscriptions containing the plural “gods” were also removed.
Pharaoh Akhenaten died in his seventeenth year on the throne and his reforms did not survive for much longer. His co-regent and successor Smenkhare, died after a short reign and power passed to the boy king, Tutankhamun (originally Tutankhaten). During his reign the city of Akhetaten was abandoned and Amun and the other gods were reinstated. Once the “Atenist heresy” had been discredited, Akhenaten’s image and names were chiseled from his monuments and his sun temples were dismantled. His glorious city crumbled back into the desert and his name (and that of his two immediate successors) was left out of the Kings lists produced shortly after.
Recent genetic testing has confirmed that the male mummy buried in KV 55 died in his fifties, ruling out the earlier proposition that the body was that of Smenkhare. It is now generally thought that the mummy is in fact that of Akhenaten. Interestingly, it appears that this mummy was intentionally defiled by those with a religious or policital motivation. His face mask was torn and his name obliterated, but precious objects were left in place, confirming that the damage was not the work of tomb robbers but persons with a religious or political motivation.
Akhenaten has been described as a visionary who cut through the formality of Egyptian religion to establish a connection with one God, the Aten. To some, Akhenaten was the first Monotheist who may have been inspired by Joseph or Moses. However, it is by no means as simple as that. Although Akhenaten’s religion did center on one god, it was not strictly monotheistic and was by no means identical to the Israelites. It seems that the Apis cult was maintained and other gods are still mentioned in inscriptions (although they are usually solar gods or personifications of abstract ideas). In fact, the names of the Aten (which were written in a cartouche) describe the god in terms of the other gods.
Furthermore, it seems that the personal relationship with the Aten did not extend to the common people, just the Royal Family. Akhenaten and his family are frequently shown worshipping the Aten or simply enjoying everyday activities beneath the protective rays of the Aten disk, reinforcing the link between the king and his god. Ordinary people could not worship the Aten directly, they worshipped the King and the royal family. This gave the king absolute power over secular and religious life in Egypt. For this reason, some have suggested that Akhenaten’s reasons were cynically political. They argue that the king was worried about the growing power of the priests of Amun, as his father Amenhotep III had been. By establishing a new order which rejected Amun in favour of the Aten (who was accessible primarily to the king) he took religion back from the priests.
As well as Nefertiti, Akhenaten surrounded himself with a number of powerful women whom he clearly adored and respected. Each of the royal women had her own sunshade temple where she could worship the Aten. They were generally located within beautiful gardens complete with ritual pools where the wonders of nature could be enjoyed. The Armarna women, in particular Nefertiti, seem to have represented the feminine aspect of the Aten as creator.
Art or illness?
Akhenaten was often depicted with an elongated jaw line, wide hips and a round belly. This development was a complete break from all of the conventions of ancient Egyptian art, and has led to some fairly wide speculation. Was the pharaoh developing a new art form, or suffering from a physical affliction?
Both Smith and Aldred attributed the “deformity” to an endocrine disorder called Froehlich’s Syndrome. In males, this disorder is typified by an elongated face and an androgynous figure. However, it also hinders sexual development and causes severe learning difficulties, obesity and impotency. Pharaoh Akhenaten had many children, and while his sculptures may give him an androgynous appearance, he is not obese.
There is no evidence that he suffered from a severe learning disability, and it would certainly have been difficult for him to have succeeded with such a bold challenge to tradition without being fairly astute. Furthermore, he apparently wrote a number of poems or hymns including the famous Hymn to the Aten. Thus it seems unlikely he was suffering from Froehlich’s Syndrome.
Other theorists (such as Bob Brier) have suggested that the king actually suffered from Marfan’s syndrome. Many sufferers have a long face, slender tapered fingers, long arms and legs, and a curvature of the spine. However, the disease does not affect intelligence or fertility. Marfan’s syndrome is hereditary, and could help explain the high mortality rate within the family. Three of his daughters, and his co-regent Smenkhkare all died young. However, Tutankhamen, does not appear to have suffered from the condition. This could be explained if Tutankhamun was not his son, but then, who was his father? Proponents of the view that Akhenaten was physically disabled note that he was barely mentioned during his father’s reign and suggest that he was hidden away because of his deformity. However, it was fairly common for the male offspring of the king to remain in the shadows until they held a position of specific importance, such as heir or co-regent, and Thuthmosis (Akhenaten’s elder brother) was the first choice as heir. Akhenaten only rose to importance when his brother died.
With only pictorial evidence of a physical abnormality it is dangerous to jump to conclusions. Egyptian art often employs symbolism to create layers of meaning for a scene. As the god Aten was hailed as “The mother and father of all people”, and Akhenaten was the representative of the god on earth, he may have chosen the androgynous image to show that he was more than just a man; he was the embodiment of the Aten. No mummy has yet been identified as being that of Akhenaten, and so the controversy continues.
A priceless cache of diplomatic letters written on clay tablets was discovered in the city of Akhetaten. The “Amarna Letters” were written in cuniform, the lingua-franca of the ancient world, and arrived from imperial outposts and foreign allies. The letters suggest that he had withdrawn from the world and that Egypt was no longer taking her part in world events. There are a number of letters from governors and kings of subject nations begging for help, usually money. The authors seem to feel abandoned by their powerful friend and left to the wolves. Other evidence suggests that Akhenaten quarreled with the king of Mitanni, former allies of Egypt, and concluded an alliance with the Hittites! This warlike nation then attacked Mitanni and stole their land. Many other small nation states (who were also allied to Egypt) rebelled against the Hittites and wrote begging Akhenaten for help, but it seems that he did not respond and the Hittites captured or killed their leaders and seized a significant amount of land.
It is suggested that Akhenaten increasingly left government and diplomats to their own devices. This made the vizier, Ay (father of Nefertiti), and the general Horemheb (who was married to Ay’s other daughter Mutnodjme) very powerful, and both men went on to become pharaoh.
Plague and Exodus
During the Amarna period there seems to have been widespread famine and disease. It is thought that the plague, or the first recorded epidemic of influenza spread through Egypt and the Middle East, killing thousands. It seems that the Hittite King, Suppiluliumas, died in the epidemic and it is also possible that it claimed the lives of a number of his children. Of course, many commentators have suggested that this was the biblical plague which accompanied the exodus, but there is no evidence in support of this view. It has also been suggested that Amenhotep III had tried to placate the (solar) goddess Sekhmet, “the lady of pestilence” to avert the plague, and when this failed his son Akhenaten went one step further and appealed directly to the sun god for deliverance. In any case, later Egyptians may well have viewed the plague as retribution for the neglect of the traditional gods of ancient Egypt.
Nomen Amenhotep Netjert Heka Iunu – Amen is satisfied, God-king of Heliopolis
Prenomen Nefer Kheperu Re – Beatuiful are the manifestations of Re
Adopted name Akhenaten – Servant of the Aten
copyright J Hill 2010 | <urn:uuid:a5358533-8e30-495b-b9b3-f6027552bfdb> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250601040.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120224950-20200121013950-00027.warc.gz | en | 0.988036 | 2,454 | 2.828125 | 3 |
AURORA, Colo. (Tues., July 31, 2007) - Today, researchers from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, along with colleagues from Stanford University, report the results of a large-scale, genome-wide study to investigate gene copy number differences among ten primate species, including humans. The study provides an overview of genes and gene families that have undergone major copy number expansions and contractions in different primate lineages spanning approximately 60 million years of evolutionary time. In the report, which appears online in Genome Research (www.genome.org), the scientists speculate how unique, lineage-specific gene copy number expansions and contractions in humans may underlie traits such as endurance running, higher cognitive function, and susceptibility genetic disease.
Primates first appeared on earth approximately 90 million years ago, and today, about 300 different species of primates exist. "One of the main genomic driving forces in primate evolution is gene duplication," explains Dr. James Sikela, Professor at the University of Colorado. "To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive assessment of gene copy number variation across human and non-human primate species so far."
To survey the differences in gene copy number among these species, Sikela and colleagues used DNA microarrays containing over 24,000 human genes to perform comparative genomic hybridization experiments. They compared DNA samples from humans to those of nine other primate species: chimpanzee, gorilla, bonobo, orangutan, gibbon, macaque, baboon, marmoset, and lemur. This allowed them to identify specific genes and gene families that, through evolutionary time, have undergone lineage-specific copy number gains and losses.
The authors of the report suggest that "many of the genes identified are likely to be important to lineage-specific traits found in humans and in the other primate lineages surveyed." To illustrate this potential, the scientists highlighted several gene families that exhibited striking lineage-specific differences. In particular, the human lineage-specific copy number expansion of a gene called AQP7 could explain why humans have evolved the capacity for endurance running. AQP7, or aquaporin 7, plays a role in transporting water and glycerol across membranes. Therefore, it may facilitate the mobilization of glycogen (energy) stores during long periods of intense exercise; it may also play a role in dissipating excess heat through sweating.
The scientists also found dramatic gene copy number differences potentially associated with cognition, reproduction, immune function, and susceptibility to genetic disease.
The work was supported by grants from the Butcher Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
About the article: The manuscript will be published online ahead of print on Tuesday, July 31, 2007. Its full citation is as follows: Dumas L., Kim Y.H., Karimpour-Fard A., Cox M., Hopkins J., Pollack J.R., and Sikela J.M. 2007. Gene copy number variation spanning 60 million years of human and primate evolution. Genome Res. doi:10.1101/gr.6557307.
About Genome Research: Genome Research (www.genome.org) is an international, continuously published, peer-reviewed journal published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Launched in 1995, it is one of the five most highly cited primary research journals in genetics and genomics.
About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press is an internationally renowned publisher of books, journals, and electronic media, located on Long Island, New York. It is a division of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, an innovator in life science research and the education of scientists, students, and the public. For more information, visit www.cshlpress.com. | <urn:uuid:1f7a7f61-f7ab-49fd-82fe-04bddcf967f3> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-07/cshl-gsp072607.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174159.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00114-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895502 | 772 | 3.3125 | 3 |
HOW TO FORWARD PORTS TO YOUR DEVICES WITH IPTABLES
You need to create a basic DNAT on your router. Remember that the router GUI forwards ports from the WAN to LAN. When connected to the VPN you must forward ports from TUN to LAN. Therefore, it is imperative that you do NOT forward ports in the GUI of the router.
- destIP is the IP address of the destination device
- port is the port you wish to forward to that device
- tun1 is the tun interface of your router (please check! on some routers it can be tun0, on Tomato it can be tun11)
- you need to forward both TCP and UDP packets
you need to add the following rules. Please note that the following rules do NOT replace your already existing rules, you just have to add them.
iptables -I FORWARD -i tun1 -p udp -d destIP --dport port -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD -i tun1 -p tcp -d destIP --dport port -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -i tun1 -p tcp --dport port -j DNAT --to-destination destIP
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -i tun1 -p udp --dport port -j DNAT --to-destination destIP
Note: if your router firmware iptables supports the multiport module you can use --match option to make your rules set more compact. Please see here, thanks to Mikeyy https://airvpn.org/topic/14991-asuswrt-merlin-multiple-ports/#entry31221 | <urn:uuid:f58b9b5f-25a7-41df-a241-8a4e6f1b3a47> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | https://airvpn.org/topic/9270-how-to-forward-ports-in-dd-wrt-tomato-with-iptables/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549428257.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170727122407-20170727142407-00026.warc.gz | en | 0.748401 | 363 | 2.625 | 3 |
These lesson plans introduce primary level students to Scratch (Ages 4-12 in Ireland). The materials include step by step lesson plans and activities which will allow students to create interactive stories, animations, games, music and art and share their creations on the web. At the same time, students will develop their problem-solving, communication and reasoning skills.
These 10 lesson plans have been developed for primary level students. Each lesson takes approximately 30-45 minutes and has links to the primary school curriculum.
The production of these lesson plans was sponsored by the Irish Computer Society
These lessons provide a more in‐depth and detailed description of concepts introduced in lessons 1‐10 in the Lesson Plans above
This is the course manual used in “Scratch Programming and Numeracy in Senior Primary Classes (NCTE/Lero)”class delivered in education centres around Ireland during summer 2012. This course focuses on using Scratch to support the teaching and learning of the primary maths curriculum. | <urn:uuid:cf2ba0cf-74d8-4cf4-8d56-9ae7640888c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.scratch.ie/primary/resources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00647.warc.gz | en | 0.945213 | 203 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Traditionally when we were building software systems we often had a very homogeneous team of people working with the development. Often a team of technical developers and we may have worked on a basis where the architecture was driven from a technology perspective. In this respect the stakeholders in IT were often technical in nature and communication of the architecture between these stakeholders would be performed using models such as UML. This was suitable since the stakeholders often had experience of these models from their education and were familiar with the terms and concepts.
In recent years the landscape has changed. Architectures are built with the Business as a driver with a view to interlocking business and IT. The adoption of Agile also plays a part making the development process transparent and also employing skills in cross-functional teams.
The result is that we have a significant increase in stakeholders in the architecture many of whom may be non-technical and who all have different perspectives on the given Product or Enterprise. At the same time need an effective way to communicate and understand the architecture for all perspectives.
Difficulties with UML
Firstly we have to consider what we mean with "the architecture". When do we stop with an architecture and start with a design? We could spend a lot of time debating this but the following quote does a pretty good job of summarizing what "the architecture" represents.
"Architecture represents the significant design decisions that shape a system, where significant is measured by cost of change."(Grady Booch)
This is important because UML still has a place in software development when we are working with lower level abstractions since we require significantly more details in our communication. So we are still likely to produce class diagrams, sequence diagrams and other UML diagrams to help communicate complex detail. We can still use these in "the architecture" but these feel more like "designs" than architecture. This is why I prefer the term LowUML rather than NoUML.
It is perhaps the complexity and more rigid notation which makes UML a difficult tool to use when communicating and architecture at a higher level of abstraction with many stakeholders. One problem is that many stakeholders, even in the development teams, simply don't know UML and have no ambition to learn it either. Such stakeholders may be non-technical or skilled in a field which does not require knowledge of the details but does require an understanding of the architecture. This is where simpler modeling methods such as "sketching" are more useful.
Separating the Levels of Abstraction
- Context - shows IT landscape over the enterprise or for a particular solution, mainly shows systems and actors
- Container - the high level technology choices, where containers are often execution environments such as databases, application servers or file systems
- Component - the relationships between components where a component can be thought of as a service or logical unit exposed through a known interface.
- Class - a description of the classes in a component adhering to object oriented principles.
The "Class" level of abstraction is a low level and in this case I would recommend continued use of UML rather than creation your own notation.
Note that these diagrams are very focused on the "structure" of the architecture and are not intended to processes or detailed behavior.
Define Your Notation
However we can often forget to explain our notation and while the diagram may be clear to the author it may not be so clear to the stakeholders. So it is important to have a clear explanation of the notation for the stakeholders. An example notation is shown in the diagram opposite, and this notation will be used in the following diagrams.
We should keep the notation simple so it can be easily understood by the different stakeholders. If we find ourselves adding more complex notation this is a warning sign. The purpose here is to create an easy to understand communication medium, not to create our own version of UML.
When we reach the lower levels of abstraction and require need a more powerful notation we can switch over to UML diagrams. We still want to use UML but at the lower levels of abstraction.
Context Level of Abstraction
In the example below we can see an Enterprise Landscape containing a number of systems we may commonly find in any Enterprise. Most of the systems in the diagram are Internal (the Enterprise maintains control of the system) and only the Credit Check system is External (perhaps provided off-site by a vendor).
Notice that in this diagram we only indicate that there are relations between the systems and actors, we do not go into detail regarding what that relation is.
If we are working with the architecture of a specific solution we can also detail the Solution Landscape. This shows a specific solution and it's associated systems/actors. This basically focuses on a section of the Enterprise Landscape. In the example below we can see the landscape for the Web Booking system.
Container Level of Abstraction
We can now see the technologies that will be used in the architecture and the relation between the containers, systems and actors. At this level we may also want to detail perhaps technology protocols used in the relation, such as SOAP or SQL, these are not shown in the above diagram.
Component Level of Abstraction
As we can see this is where we start to hang more detail on the architecture. Not only are the components specified but the relations between the Components, Containers, Systems and Actors indicate direction and we give some idea of the data that is involved in the relation.
It is important not to over complicate the diagram. If we have a component which is complex we can create a new diagram specifically for that component and decide whether it is more suitable to use a UML notation for modelling or if the simple notation is sufficient.
Keeping Things Simple
One way to try and limit the complexity in diagrams is to put a boundary on the size of the diagram. This is not always possible but a good rule is to try and keep the size of each diagram limited to fitting on a single sheet of A3 paper.
Not Only Diagrams
The diagrams are probably not sufficient on their own to describe the architecture so textual description will also be required in formal documentation. However the diagrams as working documents can be used on their own. It can also be an idea to tag "responsibilities" to Systems, Containers and Components. This can help to build a better architecture since we can easily see if we have duplicating responsibilities over Systems, Containers or Components.
Make the Architecture Visible
Architectures are often documented, but lack a high level of visibility in the organisation or team. If we want to consider the architecture we often have to look it up in some document which is archived somewhere or on a web page.
A better approach is to ensure that the architecture is constantly visible so that stakeholders can use it as a reference point when discussing proposals or changes. This simply involves pinning up the architecture diagrams in a team room so they are constantly visible and can actively be used in discussions.
There is a need today to communicate Enterprise and Solution architectures to a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Many of these stakeholders do not have an understanding of UML, and this makes UML a difficult tool to use at higher levels of abstraction.
Using a simpler notation makes it easier to communicate the architecture and using well defined levels of abstraction allows us to target different stakeholder perspectives. This also helps us easily visualise the architecture and use it as a daily reference point for development teams.
When we reach the lower levels of abstraction, closer to design, a simple notation may not be sufficient and it is at this point we can switch to using a notation such as UML which can help describe complex designs. | <urn:uuid:1c42ede2-2135-4109-9cb5-6f9ab65681d8> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | http://respect-architects.blogspot.com/2013/05/nouml-or-perhaps-lowuml.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145529.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221111140-20200221141140-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.950336 | 1,572 | 2.53125 | 3 |
|2015 Submarine Cable Map created by TeleGeography.
"This year’s map pays tribute to the pioneering mapmakers of the Age of Discovery, incorporating elements of medieval and renaissance cartography. In addition to serving as navigational aids, maps from this era were highly sought-after works of art, often adorned with fanciful illustrations of real and imagined dangers at sea. Such embellishments largely disappeared in the early 1600s, pushing modern map design into a purely functional direction.
To bring back the lost aesthetic that vanished along with these whimsical details, TeleGeography referenced a variety of resources in the design process. One of the most invaluable was Chet Van Duzer’s Sea Monsters in Medieval and Renaissance Maps book, which provides arguably the most complete history of the evolution of sea monsters and map design from this period. Our final product is a view of the global submarine cable network seen through the lens of a bygone era."
+ More >> | <urn:uuid:738a838e-e239-4609-8268-8f42518e6211> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.likecool.com/brand-Gear-Pic-3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246657041.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045737-00108-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935954 | 198 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Art for Everyone
September 25, 2020
When we want to see art, where do we go? The pandemic has made it hard to visit museums and galleries. But sometimes, we can find art outside in the neighborhood.
Murals are large artworks. They are painted on walls. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is known for its murals. Mural Arts Philadelphia has helped create nearly 4,000 of them. Often, these works represent the neighborhood in which they appear.
Lisa Murch is the director of art education at Mural Arts Philadelphia. “Art really belongs to everybody and should be everywhere,” she told TIME for Kids.
Mural Arts runs a youth program. The group teaches kids how to make murals. Students get a chance to work with professional artists.
Alaina Ewins joined Mural Arts when she was 13. She’s now a teaching artist for the program. Ewins’s first big project was a mural inside her local youth center. “We got to design the mural and paint it, which was awesome,” she says.
Ewins likes to see how making murals affects a neighborhood. Collaboration with people in the community is important, she feels. Artists work with people in the neighborhood to design murals.
Art During Hard Times
COVID-19 has temporarily changed mural making. Artists have to practice social distancing. They are unable to work on the murals together in person. Murch says some artists are painting pieces of murals at home. The pieces will later be put on a wall. They’ll fit together like a giant puzzle.
Murch feels the youth program is crucial during the pandemic. “Art is a really freeing way of expressing a lot of things,” she says. “During this time of stress and anxiety . . . I think that’s a wonderful thing for kids to access.” | <urn:uuid:b115d2b9-3a09-491d-ac89-1820f1658b5e> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/art-for-everyone/?rl=en-850 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703514796.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20210118123320-20210118153320-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.978684 | 402 | 2.6875 | 3 |
BRITISH IMMIGRANTS AND LIFE IN UTAH
Among the early Mormon pioneers were many who emigrated from the British Isles before they affiliated with the Latter-day Saints. Others were among early converts of the LDS British Mission, established in 1837, who had emigrated to the Mormon city of Nauvoo, Illinois. William Clayton, for example, quickly became active at the heart of Nauvoo society; many other new immigrants remained more on the periphery. Their later immigration to Utah was simply part of the general movement west of the Latter-day Saints from 1846 onward.
As their fellow believers left Nauvoo, thousands of British Mormons were poised across the Atlantic awaiting the announcement of a new gathering place so that the process of emigration might resume. The heralded possibility that they might settle on Vancouver Island failed to materialize; instead, beginning in 1848, they were directed to the Salt Lake Valley, where new headquarters had been established.
Spectacular growth in the LDS British Mission coincided with the founding of the new gathering place. The mission tripled in membership from 1846 to 1851, despite heavy emigration in the last two of those years. Later, fleeing to Zion in troubled times, more Mormons left the British Mission for Utah in the Crimean War years of 1853 to 1856 than in any other four-year period. Assistance from the Perpetual Emigrating Fund Company, with the benefit of creative financing by Mormon leaders, also reached all-time highs during the same period. Hefty LDS emigration came again during the American Civil War, an economically difficult time for the British Isles. The last major thrust of LDS emigration from Britain was in 1868 as part of a colonizing effort to reinforce Mormon numbers in Utah prior to the completion of the transcontinental railroad, which would open the territory to easier access for the outside world. By that time more than 31,000 Latter-day Saints had left the British Isles for Utah.
The 1870 census showed the British-born Latter-day Saints at their apogee in proportion to the total population of Utah Territory. Nearly a quarter of Utah's inhabitants - 24 percent - were natives of the British Isles. With their American-born children they may well have made up as much as half of the population.
Although Mormon converts from the highly industrialized British Isles came predominantly from the cities, their occupational profile by 1870 was remarkably similar to that of the Utah populace as a whole. Just under half of the English, Welsh, and Scots had occupations in agriculture; about one-fourth were involved in professional and personal service. One in twenty - slightly below the norm - were in trade and transportation, and just under one-fourth - slightly above the norm - were in manufacturing and mining. The immigrants from Britain seem to have adapted to their new, more rural circumstances with remarkable fluidity.
The small number of Irish natives in Utah in 1870 followed a markedly different pattern. They were less than half as likely to be in agriculture. With more soldiers and laborers, they supplied a higher proportion of the professional and personal services. Nearly one in seven was in trade and transportation, and 29 percent were in manufacturing and mining. In many ways, they were precursors of a new type of immigrant from the British Isles, the non-Mormons who had just begun to respond to opportunities in Utah, particularly in the mining industry, after the arrival of the railroad. Few came directly to Utah as immigrants; Irish-born Patrick Edward Connor, a prime mover in the development of Utah mining, was one of the most influential of this group.
In sheer numbers, British immigrants brought remarkable growth to Utah, particularly along the Wasatch Front. Their individual leadership and talent gave direction to and influenced the quality of life. Territorial delegates to Congress George Q. Cannon and John T. Caine were followed in government service by English-born governors John Cutler and William Spry. Welsh-born Martha Hughes Cannon, an early Utah physician, was the first woman in the United States to become a state senator. Robert L. Campbell (a Scot) was Utah's first superintendent of public instruction. Irish Catholic sisters taught at Saint Vincent's School in Salt Lake City. James E. Talmage, from Berkshire, was a geologist and a leading educator.
Leaders in business, mining, and industry from the British Isles included the Walker brothers in banking, the Castleton brothers and William Jennings as merchants, John W. Donnellan and Matthew Cullen in mining, Charles W. Nibley in lumber and sugar, David Eccles in banking, and furniture maker Henry Dinwoodey. John Sharp superintended the Utah Central Railway and the quarry for the Salt Lake temple and served as a director of the Union Pacific Railroad.
Churches frequently provided a focal point for group identity. This was particularly true for Irish Catholics, who owed much to the pioneering efforts of Father Lawrence Scanlan. John Taylor as president and his nephew George Q. Cannon as his first counselor in the LDS Church illustrate the leading role British immigrants played in their church in the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth. Other British-born counselors in the LDS First Presidency included John R. Winder, Charles W. Penrose, and Charles W. Nibley. Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were George Teasdale, James E. Talmage, and Charles A. Callis. Brigham H. Roberts and George Reynolds were prominent members of the First Council of the Seventy.
British immigrants filled more than their proportional share of local leadership positions in the LDS Church. Of 605 bishops and presiding elders in Mormon congregations in the United States from 1848 to 1890, twenty-nine percent were born in the British Isles. Twenty-three percent of stake presidents during the same period were born in the British Isles.
Just as remarkable was the part played by British women in Mormondom. May Anderson, second general president of the Primary Association (1925-1939), initiated what became Primary Children's Hospital in Salt Lake City. She also helped establish kindergartens in Utah. Ruth May Fox was general president of the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association from 1929 to 1937. Matilda M. Barratt, a counselor in the first general Primary presidency from 1880 to 1888, made generous financial contributions that benefited emigration and education. May Green Hinckley, from Derbyshire, was the third general president of the Primary, serving from 1940 to 1943.
British musicians made major contributions in early Utah. William Pitt's Nauvoo Brass Band was prominent in Utah music and theatre, and all but one of the Salt Lake Tabernacle Choir's first eight directors were born in the British Isles. Among these, Evan Stephens was Utah's most prolific composer. Southampton native Joseph Ridges built the famous Salt Lake Tabernacle organ.
Poetess Hannah Tapfield King, poet John Lyon, and authors Edward Tullidge and T. B. H. and Fanny Stenhouse made significant contributions to literature in Utah, as did editors George Q. Cannon of the Salt Lake Herald, Charles W. Penrose of the Deseret News, Edward L Sloan of the Salt Lake Herald, and James Ferguson of The Mountaineer. Tullidge and Elias L. T. Harrison edited Utah's first magazine, Peep O' Day, and Harrison and William S. Godbe founded the Utah Magazine, forerunner of the Salt Lake Tribune.
Prominent British-born dissenters from Mormonism included Welsh immigrant Joseph Morris in the early 1860s and several leaders of the Godbeite movement in the late 1860s and early 1870s, including William S. Godbe, Elias L.T. Harrison, Edward W. Tullidge, T.B.H. Stenhouse, and William Shearman.
Artist and businessman Harry Culmer helped usher in a new era of cooperation between Mormons and Gentiles in Salt Lake City as president of what later became the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce. Other British-born Utah artists included Alfred Lambourne, George M. Ottinger, and Alvin Gittins.
Local organizations, particularly those of Scottish and Welsh immigrants, fostered the cultural heritage of their native lands. The Cambrian Society, organized in 1895, sponsored Eisteddfod festivals, helping maintain the Welsh language and culture. The Caledonia Society, organized in 1884, and the Caledonia Club (1892), were later joined by Scottish social clubs, a football (soccer) club, and at least three bagpipe bands.
In 1980, 3.2 percent of Utah's residents had been born in the British Isles. Concentrated in the cities, they were less than half as likely to live in rural areas as the population of Utah as a whole. Just over three-fourths of these immigrants were born in England, about 11 percent in Scotland, 3 percent in Ireland, 2 percent in Wales, and 1 percent in Northern Ireland. But the heritage of the British Isles was more evident in the fact that in the 1990 census 44 percent of Utahns claimed English ancestry, 8 percent Irish, 5 percent Scottish, and 3 percent Welsh. | <urn:uuid:1c6beb97-2154-461c-8b7a-ffca55fca1a7> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/b/BRITISH_IMMIGRANTS.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890795.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121155718-20180121175718-00573.warc.gz | en | 0.97386 | 1,882 | 3.671875 | 4 |
A Brief History of Tunstead & Sco-Ruston
Kindly provided by historian Peter Brice of Worstead
In recent times some prehistoric artefacts have been found in Tunstead, such as a Mesolithic flaked axe and two blade like flakes. However there are not enough finds to suggest an early settlement, even though a Roman road passed close by through Sloley.
Tunstead probably became a settlement in Anglo Saxon times, albeit a rather scattered one in clearings in the then extensive woodland. Its name derives from the Old English tun (meaning enclosure, settlement or farm) and stede (meaning place).
The Little Domesday Book of 1086 names the lord of the manor in the time of Edward the Confessor as one Alfer, a thegn of the last Saxon King Harold, who died at the Battle of Hastings. The manor, valued at £10 in 1066, but at £11 in 1086, was given to the Norman lord, Roger of Poitou (Poitiers). It seems he lost most of his lands by supporting Robert of Normandy, William the Conqueror’ son. He recovered most of them, but perhaps not Tunstead, because by Henry ll’s reign (1154 – 1189) the manor belonged to the de Grelley family.
In 1260 Thomas de Grelley was granted a weekly market: it was no longer operating by the seventeenth century, but is commemorated by Market Street. There were other landowners in the parish, but the de Grelley manor had passed to Nicholas de Meldon by 1315. In 1327 it was sold to John Stretch, who conveyed it to the Duke of Lancaster in 1353 and when Duke Henry of Lancaster became the first Lancastrian king in 1399, the manor became part of the Duchy of Lancaster. | <urn:uuid:4318ba05-3bdc-40d0-9538-7b2edb84e612> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://tunsteadpc.norfolkparishes.gov.uk/ancient-tunstead/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267159938.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180923232129-20180924012529-00161.warc.gz | en | 0.972044 | 386 | 2.75 | 3 |
Adding fractions can be confusing for some students. Help them by modeling addition of fractions with these free pie puzzles.
If you have ever taught adding fractions to children you have probably seen this.
1/4 + 1/4 = 2/8
Even in a classroom filled with fifth-grade students, I’ve seen this. And every time this equation floats across my desk, or wiggles in the air on a white board…. alarms go off in my head. It is a warning that this child has a misunderstanding of fractions. That somewhere along the way they just didn’t get it.
What to do?
The first step could be simply to go back to the basics. Get out the manipulatives and let them “play” with fractions again.
Check out this series Math Geek Mama and I did on building fraction sense. It will give you great ideas!
Secondly, I love spending a few minutes working on fractions every day. This daily fraction printable has children drawing models, creating equivalent fractions, filling out numbers lines, and more every day. This repeated exposure is exactly what some of our children need to be successful.
Next, it is important to provide lots of experiences in adding fractions. One way is to grab some fun activities that help our students visualize what is happening when we add fractions. These free Pie Puzzles will do just that!
Prep Work for Pie Puzzles for Adding Fractions
Neenah Exact Vellum Bristol, 8.5Scotch Thermal Laminating Pouches, 8.9 x 11.4-Inches, 3 mil thick, 100-Pack (TP3854-100)Scotch PRO Thermal Laminator, Never Jam Technology Automatically Prevents Misfed Items , 2 Roller System (TL906)
Modeling Addition of Fractions
Pie Puzzles for adding fractions is an easy activity to help children visualize adding fractions, and there are three different levels you can use with your kiddos.
First, I would recommend starting with the puzzles that have all pictures. These pictures are awesome for modeling addition of fractions….especially as they relate to food!!
Allow the children to study them and figure out what the two parts would equal if the pictures were combined. As they work through the puzzles, make sure you are having them verbalize the fraction each pie represents. Once your little ones have mastered that part it is time to move onto the next step.
The second step is to pull out the puzzles with one fraction in them. After working with the pictures, the goal is for our youngins to be able to look at one pie and know what fraction is needed to get the sum.
Finally, pull out the puzzles that have fractions for the addends and the pie for the sum. Here is where the rubber meets the road. After playing with the models, can our students correctly add two factions???? Hopefully, connections have been made that will allow them to be successful in this final transition.
If they aren’t able to perform this last step, no worries. Take a step back and let them play with the other puzzles some more, or head back up to that list of manipulatives and play with adding the manipulatives.
Before long, your little ones won’t have any problem adding 1/4 + 1/4! You’ve Got This
Assess your student’s knowledge of adding fractions with these printables. Get them at my TpT Store.
Other Fraction Activities:
How to Teach Fractions from The Measured Mom
Fraction Snowflakes from Royal Baloo
Equivalent Fraction Game from Math Geek Mama | <urn:uuid:5c986397-e563-4905-9f43-2608400c705e> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://youvegotthismath.com/2016/10/31/addingfractionspuzzles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703522150.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121004224-20210121034224-00325.warc.gz | en | 0.936598 | 758 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
Tomb of the Unknowns
The Unknown Soldier was selected on October 24, 1921. Sergeant Edward F. Younger, US Army, carrying a spray of white roses, entered the room where the four unmarked flag-draped caskets were resting. He slowly circled, silently placing the roses on one of the caskets. Thus the Unknown Soldier was officially designated. The three remaining unknowns were then returned to the Meuse Argonne Cemetery.
The Unknown Soldier was placed aboard the US Cruiser Olympia, which arrived at the Nation’s Capitol on November 9, 1921. The honored remains were taken to the Rotunda of the United States Capitol, to rest in state until Armistice Day, on November 11. The Unknown Soldier was moved to the Memorial Amphitheater, in Arlington National Cemetery. After service in the Amphitheater, the remains were borne to the sarcophagus for brief committal rites. The impressive ceremony closed with three salvos of artillery, the sounding of Taps, and the National Salute.
Under authority of Public Law 429, 79th Congress approved June 24, 1946, 13 unknown Americans who lost
The remains of two unknown Americans were disinterred on April 15, 1958, from the National Cemetery of the Pacific, Hawaii, and four unknowns were disinterred from the Fort McKinley American Cemetery and Memorial, in the Philippines. The six unknowns were then taken to Hickam Air Force Base, where on May 16, 1958, Colonel Glenn T. Eagleston, US Air Force, placed a white carnation lei, selecting the candidate-unknown to represent the Trans-Pacific phase of World War II. The five other caskets were reinterred.
The candidate-unknown was then transported to the Cruiser Canberra where the final selection of the World War II unknown took place. On the after-missile deck of the Canberra, Hospitalman First Class William R. Charette, the Navy’s only active enlisted holder of the Medal of Honor, had the distinction of making the selection of the World War II unknown. After a moment's hesitation he placed a wreath at the foot of the casket on his
Under authority of Public Law 972, 84th Congress, approved August 3, 1958, four unknown Americans who lost their lives while serving overseas in the Armed Forces of the United States during the Korean Conflict were exhumed from the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii. On May 15, 1958, Master Sergeant Ned Lyle, US Army, holding a carnation wreath stood momentarily silent before the four identical flag-draped caskets; he placed the wreath on the end casket to signify the selection of the Korean War unknown. The remaining unknown Americans were reinterred at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific.
The unknown of Korea was transported to the Cruiser Canberra to join the unknown of World War II.
At sea off Norfolk, Virginia, the unknown of World War II and Korea were transferred to the destroyer Blandy, which brought them to the Nation’s Capitol.
Upon their arrival, on May 28, 1958, the Unknowns were taken to the Rotunda of the Nation’s Capitol, to rest in state until Memorial Day, May 30, 1958. The Unknowns were then moved to the Memorial Amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery and there, before the distinguished guests, President Dwight Eisenhower awarded the Medal of Honor to each. After the service,
In 1973, Congress passed Public Law 93-43, directing the Secretary of Defense to inter an unknown American serviceman from the Vietnam Conflict at the Tomb of the Unknowns. The sophisticated identification techniques were remarkably efficient, and it was not until 1984 that remains of an American serviceman were classified as unidentifiable.
During ceremonies at Pearl Harbor, on May 17, 1984, Sergeant Major Allan Kellogg, Jr., US Marine Corps, a Medal of Honor recipient during the Vietnam Conflict, placed a wreath before the casket, formally designating the unknown from the Vietnam Conflict. The unknown was placed aboard the USS Brewton for transport to mainland United States.
The unknown arrived at the US Capitol on May 25, 1984, where he lay in state for three days in the Rotunda. On Memorial Day, May 28, 1984, and elaborate funeral procession transferred the body to the Memorial Amphitheater. During the service, President Ronald Reagan presented the Medal of Honor to the unknown. The Vietnam unknown was then borne to the plaza, and following religious rites, a 21-gun salute was rendered. The solemn service concluded with three volleys of rifle fire, followed
On May 14, 1998, the unknown American of the Vietnam era was exhumed from the tomb for possible identification. After a somber ceremony presided over by the Honorable William S. Cohen, Secretary of Defense, the unknown was transported to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Using the most sophisticated and exacting science available, the unknown was identified as First Lieutenant Michael J. Blassie, US Air Force. In accordance with his family’s wishes, he was interred in Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, Missouri. The crypt presently is empty, but it serves as a tribute to all those who made the supreme sacrifice during the Vietnam Conflict.
Location. 38° 52.568′ N, 77° 4.342′ W. Marker is in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, in Arlington County. Marker can be reached from Memorial Drive north of Porter Drive, on the right when traveling north. Touch for map. Located at Memorial Amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery. Marker is in this post office area: Fort Myer VA 22211, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. The Memorial Carillon at Arlington National Cemetery (within shouting distance of this marker); Spirit of the Elbe (about 300 feet away, measured in Korean War Contemplative Bench (about 400 feet away); Third Infantry Division, U.S. Army (about 400 feet away); The Rakkasans (about 500 feet away); American Defenders of Bataan and Corregidor, Inc. (about 500 feet away); American Special Operations Forces (about 500 feet away); United States Space Shuttle Columbia (about 500 feet away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Arlington National Cemetery.
Also see . . .
1. Society of the Honor Guard, Tomb of the Unknown. Detailed stories of the Unknowns. (Submitted on December 19, 2012.)
2. Wikipedia Entry. “The Sentinel—the soldier ‘walking the mat’—does not wear rank insignia, so as not to outrank the Unknowns, whatever their ranks may have been. Non-commissioned officers (usually the Relief Commander and Assistant Relief Commanders), do wear insignia of their rank when changing the guard only. They have a separate uniform (without rank) that is worn when they actually guard the Unknowns or are ‘posted.’ The duties of the sentinels are not purely ceremonial. The sentinels will confront people
“A civilian guard was first posted at the Tomb on November 17, 1925, to prevent, among other things, families from picnicking on the flat marble slab with views of the city. A military guard was first posted on March 25, 1926. The first 24-hour guard was posted on midnight, July 2, 1937. The Tomb of the Unknowns has been guarded continuously, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, since that time. Inclement weather, terrorist attacks, et cetera, do not cause the watch to cease.” (Submitted on October 21, 2017.)
Categories. • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World I • War, World II •
Credits. This page was last revised on February 22, 2018. This page originally submitted on December 17, 2012, by Don Morfe of Baltimore, Md 21234. This page has been viewed 481 times since then and 21 times this year. This page was the Marker of the Week October 22, 2017. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. submitted on December 17, 2012, by Don Morfe of Baltimore, Md 21234. 6. submitted on December 19, 2012, by Mike Stroud of Bluffton, South Carolina. 7. submitted on December 17, 2012, by Don Morfe of Baltimore, Md 21234. • Bernard Fisher was the editor who published this page. | <urn:uuid:25047552-1978-4577-8322-0cbf2d07369e> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=61934 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946165.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180423184427-20180423204427-00514.warc.gz | en | 0.955657 | 1,785 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The goal of this game is to immediately recognize the quantities on dot cards.
Dot Cards, Directions
What's the math in this game?
Playing this game helps children build a strong visual image of number. As children gain experience, talk about seeing smaller number groups in larger sets. For example, “I saw a group of two dots and a group of three dots and I knew that was five!” Each child might “see” how many in a different way.
To print at home: There are 7 types of cards in the dot card deck. Each type of dot card can be printed separately on colored paper. We have suggested these colors in the directions, but you can use any paper available to you. For example, you can use blue paper to print the blue circle dot cards. | <urn:uuid:0876cbb4-0e30-4d40-b4f6-9e1c487b33a2> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://youngmathematicians.edc.org/math_games/quick-images/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585203.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20211018124412-20211018154412-00131.warc.gz | en | 0.960237 | 167 | 3.859375 | 4 |
Most of us aspire to have a lean, well toned body. However, before setting out to achieve this goal, you need to focus on your cardio vascular and respiratory function, commonly referred to CV or aerobic exercise, by developing a rudimentary fitness base and after that you can progress in to body toning and sports specific activity.
Aerobics can be defined as a physical activity that uses and supplies oxygen + fat, utilizing it for energy production in a specific time frame!
Out of many energy production systems in the human body, Aerobics falls under the endurance system or aerobic glycolysis.
For many, “aerobics” means attending an aerobic class in order to get an effective workout. However, there are many other alternative forms of effective aerobic exercises such as:
- Cycling (indoor or outdoor)
- Dancing (especially Latin American)
- Walking your pet
- Playing a sport with your kids
After a period of participation some might feel stagnated with their current exercises. At this point, an option might be to join a group class, which might also include many exciting aerobic methods which are evolving around the world apart from traditional aerobics, such as:
- Latin Dance based classes
- Aqua Aerobics
- Step Aerobics
- Boxing or Kick boxing based
- Group Rowing
- Outdoor activity
By attending a class you are more likely to be motivated, as a good instructor can lead a class safely and effectively in a fun filled environment and you also get to make new friends.
Remember to select a mode of exercise which suits your fitness level and personal preference.
Important points to remember:
- Do a fitness/health assessment before starting an appropriate program
- Gradual warm up for 10 minutes and 20-30 minutes aerobic session
- Maintain your target heart rate (Ask your Trainer/Instructor/Doctor)
- Proper clothing and shoes for appropriate surface
- If you develop any pain or discomfort inform your (Trainer/Instructor/Doctor)
- Gradual progression
- Appropriate cool down
- Aerobics/CV Training should be done at least 3 times a week
- Increase lung capacity
- Increase circulation
- Lowers fat level
- Burns more calories
- Lowering blood pressure (due to efficient heart function)
- Faster recovery from strenuous activity
- Improves muscle and skeletal tone
With this basic knowledge, your next walk or aerobic class will be something to look forward to, – as aerobic exercise is one of the best natural medicines you can give your heart and lungs!
Fitness Consultant & Performance Coach
Read more about Ranil Harshana | <urn:uuid:4e359c13-4d48-4620-b8eb-25956a237800> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://livefitonline.com/press-news/benefits-of-aerobics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057861.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926114012-20210926144012-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.911963 | 551 | 2.875 | 3 |
The Effects of Divorce on Children
by Barbara Meng
Until 1969 the permanence of marriage was supported not only by the Church, which has consistently forbidden divorce and remarriage, but also by legal and cultural mores. It was only after 1969, when so-called "no-fault divorce" was legalized in California (and spread rapidly to other states) that a seismic revolution was unleashed.
The no-fault divorce laws, written and backed by feminists and other supporters of the feminist revolution, were touted as a way to finally free women from having to stay in unhappy marriages. Prior to this they could divorce only upon proof of adultery, cruelty, or incompatibility. Men, too, rejoiced in the hope of easy divorce without lawyers' fees.
A number of assumptions were made: 1) If parents are happier, then the children will be happier; 2) it would be much better for children to grow up in an environment free from bickering, etc.; 3) even if children are distressed by the divorce, they're resilient and will soon recover.
In 1971, Judith Wallerstein began a longitudinal study on the effects of divorce on children. It's the only study in the world that follows from childhood into full adulthood the lives of numerous individuals whose parents divorced. Her first book looked at people's lives ten years after their parents' divorces. She published additional findings every five years thereafter for twenty-five years after the divorces. Her findings were startling. She stated that our society has made "unwarranted assumptions" about how children cope with their parents' divorce. They have done this, she suggests, because of their own desires. And these false notions underlie our policies on divorce today (Wallerstein, Lewis & Blakeslee, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce, Hyperion, 2000. Henceforth WLB).
The debunking of these and other myths came when parents, teachers and researchers...found that the children were suffering... [They discovered] the impoverishment of women and children, the high distress among the many parents who did not agree with their spouses that their marriage was on the rocks, and the fact that children did not bounce back quickly. Children in post-divorce families do not, on the whole, look happier, healthier or better adjusted even if one or both parents are happier. National studies show that children from divorced and remarried families are more aggressive toward their parents and teachers. They experience more depression, have more learning difficulties, and suffer from more problems with peers than children from intact families. More of them end up in mental health clinics and hospital settings. There is earlier sexual activity, or children born out of wedlock, less marriage, and more divorce. Numerous studies show that adult children of divorce have more psychological problems than those raised in intact marriages. (WLB, p. xxiii)
Parents are told that if they avoid fighting in front of their children and try to solve financial and legal problems civilly, their children will bounce back quickly. Not so. Children often suffer for decades after a divorce. Yet many parents blissfully ignore that reality (WLB, pp. xxiv).
After listening to these children of divorce, Wallerstein concluded that divorce was a life-changing negative experience that altered their childhood, adolescence and adulthood. "I can say without a doubt that they [children of divorce] have worries apart from their peers raised in intact homes. These worries are reshaping our society in ways we never dreamt about" (WLB, p. xxviii).
Crisis pregnancy workers have observed that a number of (now) adult children of divorce, when faced with unexpected pregnancy, opt for abortion rather than to bring a child they cannot care for into the world.
They do so because they fear the child would probably end up in foster care and suffer the abuse they suffered.
Parenting cut loose from the marital contract is less stable. Parents are so busy rebuilding their own lives that there is little time or energy for the custodial parent to take care of the children's needs. Many very young children assume the role of the missing parent. Children, even at a very young age, are thrust into the role of counselor, advisor and caregiver for the parent and younger children. They often must supervise their younger siblings' homework, laundry, meal preparation and house-cleaning, often neglecting their own schooling and keeping close control over their own emotions and desires (WLB, pp. 7-11).
Feeling that he/she alone must rescue the troubled parent, the child of divorce often feels guilt and unworthiness when attending to personal needs. Play-dates with friends, leisure time and joyous childhood are things of the past. Sad, lonely, angry feelings of second-class citizenship fill childhood and adolescence. They worry about mom and dad; will his new wife welcome me into their divorce rescues children from an unhappy marriage (again excluding violence or cruelty). What most parents don't realize is that children of troubled parents can be reasonably happy and are very often unaware of their parents' unhappiness, so long as the family is intact (WLB, p. 27).
For children, divorce is a watershed that permanently alters their lives. The world is newly perceived as a far less reliable, more dangerous place because the closest relationships in their lives can no longer be expected to hold firm. More than anything else, this new anxiety represents the end of childhood. (WLB, 28)
Second, third, even fourth marriages, as well as live-in lovers all add up to turmoil in children's, adolescents' and even adult children's lives.... The tragedy is that second marriages with children are much more likely to end in divorce than first marriages. (WLB, 33)
Parents are less available, less organized, less helpful. Children are a much heavier burden, "...unfortunate residues of a dream that failed.... Often bitter custody fights have their roots in adult despair and not, as many people think, in the parents' simple desire to spend more time with the child" (WLB, 10).
The effects of divorce are felt no matter what the age of the children involved. Surprisingly, studies have shown that
a child in the womb can feel the trauma of a mother involved in divorce and at the other end of the spectrum, children who are 30 or 40 when their parents decide to divorce will still experience the results of that divorce in their own personal lives...long after it has ceased to be an issue for the parents themselves. (James V. Flosi, Lives Upside Down, ACTA Pub., 1993. Henceforth, F)
A little boy who had become very troublesome finally admitted to his teacher that his parents were divorcing and told her it was his fault. He then added, asked my mother if she still loved dad. She said she did. I asked my dad, and he said he still loved her, so I knew it had to be my fault." This is not uncommon.
One woman reported that her becoming "closed in" and "self-protected" during adolescence enabled her to "catch up with all that had happened emotionally and not just intellectually" during her parents' divorce. This was good, but the isolation which followed was not. When she started dating, she always found flaws in the boyfriend and never wanted to date anyone more than once. All the while, she was hoping for a stable, healthy, lasting relationship. When she finally married, she was quick to assume that her marriage was like her parents' and was ready to bail out (F, p. 84).
Although a couple that chooses to divorce does not inevitably cause their children to divorce, the fact of the matter is simply this: children raised in a single-parent home usually spend more time choosing a spouse, but less time trying to make their marriage work than those from intact two-parent families. Children of divorce often see divorce as one of the equally available and acceptable options to ending an unsatisfactory relationship...they want out of the marriage at the first sign of difficulty. (F, p. 87)
On the other hand, there are others who, having been brought up in a single-parent home, are bound and determined never to divorce. They know firsthand what divorce does to a family. They know exactly what it is like to have a parent leave home. (F, p. 88)
Data gathered by the Family Research Council confirm the harm done to young children by divorce (The Family Portrait: Second Edition ed. by Bridget Maher):
- A 2004 study found that young women whose parents divorced were twice as likely to cohabit before marriage and have an illegitimate child than the divorce-free. (p. 110)
- Female children ages 18-23 with recently divorced parents experienced more depression and were 50 percent more likely to say they needed psychological help than those with still married parents. (p. 111)
- A 2003 study found that adults who had experienced parental divorce by age seven were twice as likely to suffer major depression as adults than those raised in intact families. And, a 2001 study found that adults whose parents had divorced when they were children were twice as likely to commit suicide than their peers from intact families. (p.113)
It's not just young children who suffer from the divorce of their parents. Adult children suffer too. According to sociologist Teresa Cooney at the University of Missouri, a majority of adult children of divorce in her survey indicated that the pain they endured was equivalent to that for the death of a close family member. Brooke Lea Foster, who herself suffered this, wrote, "We don't lose one parent: we lose our entire base. We experience the death of a set of people, a family unit that brought organization and framework to an otherwise lonely existence" (Brooke Lea Foster, The Way They Were, Three Rivers Press, 2006; henceforth, BF).
These adult children "shoulder their parents' worries." Cooney comments, "Adult children take on pain like it's them hurting." These children assume that as the dust settles from the divorce, their role will diminish, but it doesn't. When one parent is gone, their tasks are handed over to children (BF, p. 60).
Divorce also causes new financial burdens for these children, less contact with their fathers and precipitous decisions about marriage or living arrangements. Some stop attending college in order to work (BF, p. 112, 113, 138).
With all of these negatives for children of divorce, parents should think twice before they give up on their marriage. If they only knew from the start the disaster their divorce would inflict on themselves, their children and their grandchildren, perhaps they would willing to go the extra mile and try with every ounce of their strength, and much prayer, to work things out. As Christians, we have the obligation to gently warn them of the terrible effects of divorce on children, and do all in our power to be "marriage savers."
Mrs. Barbara Meng, a mother of seven and grandmother of eighteen, holds an M.T.S. degree from the John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family in Washington, D.C. She has been a speaker at Catholic conferences in Washington, Baltimore and Wichita and is the business manager of Catholic Faith Alive and editor of the Catholic Family Quarterly. She lives with her husband of fifty years in Bel Air Maryland. Her last article in HPR appeared in October 2008.
See Dr. Jeffrey Mirus' The Divorce Myth
This item 9227 digitally provided courtesy of CatholicCulture.org | <urn:uuid:aa63c237-75ba-4265-ab60-ce8e4cec42be> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=9227 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243989693.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20210512100748-20210512130748-00407.warc.gz | en | 0.977471 | 2,381 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Last year, we shared a story about Medical Detection Dogs, a British organization that started working with special sniffer dogs (dogs who can detect distinct odors from drugs and illnesses) to see if they could also be trained to sniff out COVID-19. Turns out that these dogs can detect COVID-19 and at a faster pace than a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, which takes as little as thirty minutes to produce the result. According to Medical Detection Dogs, six of their Bio Detection Dogs were able to identify positive and negative COVID-19 patients with over 90 percent accuracy. Amazing, right? If you’re skeptical about these findings, other studies have produced similar results. In France, the National Veterinary School conducted a study in which specifically trained sniffer dogs were also able to identify the odors of those with and without COVID-19 with similar accuracy. A number of countries have started to train dogs to sniff out COVID-19 as a way of controlling the spread of the virus in hopes that these dogs will be able to detect COVID-19 at airports, train stations, and other points of travel. Like we keep saying … dogs—what can’t they do?
June 4, 2021 | <urn:uuid:2d45ec1c-dc35-422d-a8f7-16be089070b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.xyzanews.com/kids-news-dogs-can-sniff-out-covid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300574.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117151834-20220117181834-00247.warc.gz | en | 0.969615 | 254 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Scoliosis Surgery & Spine Deformity Surgery for Patients in New Jersey
Using the most advanced surgical techniques, Centers for Neurosurgery, Spine & Orthopedics (CNSO) has built a reputation for corrective surgery on patients with scoliosis as well as all other spinal deformities. CNSO first considers whether a conservative approach to treatment is possible. The CNSO neurosurgeons will only recommend surgery when alternatives such as physical therapy and pain management have proved insufficient or neurological elements are at risk of permanent damage. Learn more about scoliosis surgery and spine deformity surgery in New Jersey at CNSO.
Types of Spinal Deformity
There are many types of spinal deformities, which can be caused by injuries, genetic conditions, or are the natural progression of the aging process. The most common conditions that are considered a spinal deformity and are treated at CNSO include:
This condition occurs when a patient’s spine is abnormally curved laterally (left to right) as opposed to longitudinally (forward and backward). Adolescent scoliosis is hereditary and is a prevalent type of spinal deformity among children. A child’s routine annual physical will screen for scoliosis and it is generally discovered at the time of puberty. Most cases are mild and many children do not experience any symptoms. Those who do have symptoms may respond to conservative care. But if the symptoms interfere with exercise, comfort, or breathing, surgery most likely will be necessary and is curative.
Adult scoliosis typically occurs after age 60 as the spine degenerates because of conditions like arthritis. When arthritis occurs in the spine, it is called spondylosis. In both adolescents and adults, scoliosis may be mild or severe depending on the degree of spinal curvature. Adults with more severe scoliosis may experience back pain or disfigurement and are more likely to require surgery for a cure
Kyphosis is a condition characterized by a forward bend in the spine. This type of curvature of the spine is considered a longitudinal curvature. A healthy spine has some natural longitudinal curvature in the cervical area, thoracic area, and lumbar area. Within the thoracic region is where there is a normal degree of kyphosis which is visible as forward curvature. When a forward curvature of more than 40 degrees occurs in the thoracic region, it is classified as abnormal thoracic kyphosis. Kyphosis can be caused by a birth defect, spinal injury, cancer, or osteoporosis. Because patients with an abnormal degree of kyphosis have a spine that is placing significant abnormal forces on the adjacent segments, patients may experience symptoms such as:
- Neck or back pain
- Muscle fatigue
- Muscle spasms
- Shortness of breath caused by pressure on the airways
Patients with kyphosis will visually have a hunched back or rounded shoulders. An image will be very valuable to measure the degree of curvature and assist with surgical planning if necessary.
Spondylolisthesis is a condition caused by weak joints and ligaments in the spine in which the spinal vertebrae slip out of alignment. Symptoms can include:
- Neck or back pain
- Weakness in the arms or hands
- Radiating pain in the legs
- Muscle stiffness in the hamstrings or buttocks
Some people experience no symptoms, and may never even realize they have spondylolisthesis. The other scenario is that patients may have an unstable spine because of the slipping back and forth caused by the spondylolisthesis. This requires emergency surgery in order to prevent the spondylolisthesis from causing permanent paralysis from compressing or severing the spinal cord. Spondylolisthesis may result from genetics, from overextending the spine, or from high impact trauma such as a sporting event or a motor vehicle accident.
Though not typically considered a spine deformity, spondylosis is arthritis of the spine and can include degenerative disc disease as well as degenerative spine disease. Both can cause a deformity of the spine. Spondylosis occurs as patients age and lose elasticity in the soft tissues of their spine or because of trauma, a sports injury, or a high impact accident. Symptoms can include:
- Loss of balance
- Loss of control of the bladder or bowels
- Muscle spasms
- Nausea or vertigo
- Popping or grinding sensations when walking
- Stiffness, tingling, or numbness
These symptoms can vary in severity, and some patients with spondylosis do not have any symptoms at all.
Diagnosing Spinal Deformities
To diagnose a patient with spinal deformity and rule out other potential causes of back pain, the medical team at CNSO will review a patient’s complete medical history, document their experience of symptoms, and perform a physical examination. Medical imaging may also help with determining a diagnosis and can include:
- Computerized tomography (CT) scan
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
After diagnosing a patient, a CNSO spine surgeon will share information about the patient’s spinal condition, all possible treatment options, and CNSO’s recommended course of treatment. Some spinal deformities can be managed with conservative treatments such as physical therapy or a corrective back brace, and do not require surgery.
Surgical Treatment and Recovery
CNSO is home to a board-certified team of neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons who are experienced in treating a wide range of spinal deformities. If conservative care options have been exhausted, CNSO’s medical team will recommend surgery if they believe it is in the patient’s best interest and will significantly improve the patient’s condition. Surgical treatment options can include a laminectomy or spinal fusion.
A laminectomy is a routine type of surgery that alleviates pressure on the spine. Lamina is the term used to describe a specific section of the vertebral bone. During a laminectomy, the surgeon will remove a portion of one or more lamina. Removing the problematic lamina will release pressure on the compressed neural elements such as the spinal cord and its branching nerves. This will alleviate the patient’s back or neck pain. By removing the pressure off these neural structures, the patient will be able to increase their range of motion and will be able to regain their strength. This procedure can take one to two hours if only one to two levels require surgery. The patient will be safely placed under general anesthesia before and throughout the procedure. Many patients can go home the same day.
Spinal fusion surgery can be a minimally invasive procedure to help restore correct alignment to the vertebrae. In this type of surgery, damaged bone or discs can be partially or completely removed and a bone graft is used to fuse the adjacent vertebral bones together in order to provide maximal stability of the spinal construct. Bone graft prosthetic can be made of any of the following:
- Carbon fiber
The prosthetic helps the patient maintain correct spinal alignment and height.
Some spinal fusion procedures can be performed in an outpatient setting. The length of the procedure depends on the number of levels of the spine fusion required. The number of levels depends on the patient’s symptoms, and the severity of the patient’s spinal deformity. Recovery times will also depend on the number of fused levels but many patients will need to avoid bending or twisting their spine, as well as lifting heavy objects, for several weeks afterward.
Typically, structured physical therapy is recommended after surgery to help patients regain strength in their muscles and ligaments and maintain or improve their range of motion.
Get Comprehensive Spine Care at CNSO
Patients who need treatment for a spinal deformity can find compassionate, expert care at Centers for Neurosurgery, Spine & Orthopedics. With multiple centers conveniently located across Northern NJ, CNSO offers comprehensive care for spine and back conditions. CNSO’s team of surgeons, pain management doctors, physiatrists, physical therapists, and support staff work in harmony to ensure each patient receives the highest level of care. For more information about spine deformity surgery, contact CNSO today. | <urn:uuid:539d1e15-4f09-4f9a-9fcc-3e0a821f6f9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.cnsomd.com/treatments/spine-surgery/deformity-surgery/scoliosis-surgery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335004.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220927100008-20220927130008-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.924995 | 1,731 | 2.90625 | 3 |
When discussing the basics of Childhood Food Allergy, the first issue is recognition.
In many cases, food allergy problems in children are not quickly detected because a lot of the symptoms may be attributed to other conditions.
Here are the obvious (common) symptoms that most people will associate with some form of allergy:
skin rash, lip or face swelling.
However, in the case of childhood food allergy, occurrence of the following:
recurring illness, weight loss or lack of growth in a child
should also raise the suspicion of a problem.
In the graphic below, we present some tips to improve understanding of childhood food allergy: | <urn:uuid:cd7fa13a-0380-4661-994e-cb748f10eaa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://askawayhealth.org/children-and-adolescent-health-section/childhood-food-allergy-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104678225.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20220706212428-20220707002428-00549.warc.gz | en | 0.943578 | 130 | 3.1875 | 3 |
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The cranial nerves are nerves that originate in the brain rather than the spinal cord. There are 12 paired nerves. The seventh cranial nerve, the facial nerve, originates in the brainstem between the pons and the medulla. It controls movement of the facial expression muscles. It is involved in the conveyance of taste from the sensors on the tongue to the brain, and it supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the head and neck region.
The largest portion of the seventh cranial nerve is made up of branchial motor fibers. These fibers originate in the facial nerve nucleus in the pons, a part of the brainstem. The branchial motor fibers run from the pons to the muscles of the face, where they control the movements involved in facial expressions such as smiling and frowning. Blinking is also controlled in part by this nerve. It also enervates the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, which are located beneath the chin.
The visceral motor portion of the seventh cranial nerve enervates the submandibular and sublingual glands, two of the mouth’s salivary glands. The facial nerve controls production of saliva from these glands. It also controls tear production through the lacrimal gland in the eye.
The special sensory branch of the facial nerve conveys taste sensations from the back part of the tongue to the brain. It also innervates the oropharynx, the part of the throat that begins at the base of the tongue and includes the tonsil and soft palate. The general sensory branch, the other part of the seventh cranial nerve involved in sensory stimuli, carries sensory signals from a small area of skin behind the ear.
If a person is able to voluntarily move the face in typical expressions such as a frown, raised eyebrows or smile, the facial nerve is functioning normally. Unintentional asymmetries such as only one side of the mouth raising in a smile can indicate damage to the seventh cranial nerve. Taste generally is tested by swabbing the tongue with a flavored substance, and if the anterior part of the tongue is unable to taste, it also can be a sign of potential facial nerve damage.
Lesions on the seventh cranial nerve, such as those that occur in facial nerve palsy, can cause weakness in the facial muscles. Facial paralysis is another possible disorder involving this nerve. Facial paralysis can be caused by Lyme disease or some types of viruses. | <urn:uuid:b6c4fc86-e354-46ed-8998-4aaf39f952f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-seventh-cranial-nerve.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218194600.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212954-00056-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933154 | 519 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Gluten is a composite of storage proteins termed prolamins and glutelins and stored together with starch in the endosperm (which nourishes the embryonic plant during germination) of various cereal (grass) grains. It is found in wheat, barley, rye, oats, related species and hybrids, and products of these (such as malt).
Casein is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, αS2, β, κ). These proteins are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising c. 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 45% of the proteins in human milk. Casein has a wide variety of uses, from being a major component of cheese, to use as a food additive. The purified protein is water insoluble. In addition to being consumed in milk, casein is used in the manufacture of adhesives, binders, protective coatings, plastics (such as for knife handles and knitting needles), fabrics, food additives, and many other products.
A study found that autistic children placed on a casein-free diet for eight weeks showed significant behavior improvements (Lucarelli 1995). In many cases, casein free diets are combined with gluten-free diets and are referred to as a gluten-free, casein-free diet. | <urn:uuid:fa641eca-2085-4036-8a51-94f654dbf1ea> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | https://center4specialneeds.org/blogs/education/casein-gluten | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583517628.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20181024001232-20181024022732-00282.warc.gz | en | 0.956365 | 271 | 3.375 | 3 |
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