0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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reaction\ttime,\tpsychomotor\nperformance\nAnabolic\tandrogenic\nsteroids\nGain\tmuscle\tmass\nand\tstrength\nIncrease\tmuscle\nmass\tand\nstrength,\nespecially\twhen\ncombined\twith\nstrength\nMultiple\torgan\tsystems\tincluding\ninfertility,\tgynecomastia,\tfemale\nvirilization,\thypertension,\natherosclerosis,\tphys... | [
-0.04205404967069626,
-0.023320559412240982,
0.01845356449484825,
-0.009594552218914032,
-0.08175735175609589,
0.037464484572410583,
0.02929975837469101,
0.07577501982450485,
-0.07338062673807144,
0.08671750128269196,
0.09923484921455383,
-0.021915707737207413,
0.008690590038895607,
0.0001... |
training\tand\nhigh-protein\ndiets\nAndrostenedione\nIncreases\ntestosterone\tto\ngain\tmuscle\nmass\tand\nstrength\nIncrease\tmuscle\nstrength\tand\nsize\nTendopathy,\trhabdomyolysis;\ttendon\nrupture\nDHEA\nIncreases\ntestosterone\tto\ngain\tmuscle\nmass\tand\nstrength\nNo\tmeasurable\neffect\nIncreases\testrogens\ti... | [
-0.005859535187482834,
-0.07121197879314423,
-0.00168000184930861,
-0.000911194714717567,
-0.0795847550034523,
0.00915553793311119,
0.05618274211883545,
0.0070087187923491,
-0.0909389778971672,
0.07259584963321686,
0.10363094508647919,
-0.023714998736977577,
-0.04445035383105278,
0.0509906... |
in\tpreparation\nHuman\tgrowth\thormone\nIncrease\tmuscle\nmass,\tstrength,\nand\tdefinition\nDecreases\nsubcutaneous\nfat\tand\nincreases\nlipolysis;\nincreases\nmuscle\tmass\nand\tstrength;\nimproves\nwound\thealing;\nstimulates\ntestosterone\nproduction\nAcromegaly,\tglucose\tintolerance,\nphyseal\tclosure,\tincreas... | [
0.015568305738270283,
-0.08612926304340363,
0.0096676554530859,
-0.05055427923798561,
-0.10554114729166031,
-0.0002129870990756899,
0.00777354696765542,
0.09652385860681534,
-0.04244004935026169,
0.07646472007036209,
0.11883527785539627,
-0.02235778421163559,
-0.004936377052217722,
0.06340... |
myopathy\nStimulants\t(ephedrine\nalkaloids,\namphetamines,\ncocaine)\nIncreases\tweight\nloss;\tfatigue\ndelay\nIncreases\nmetabolism,\tno\nclear\nperformance\nbenefit,\nalthough\tmay\nbenefit\tpower,\nendurance,\nstrength,\n\tor\nspeed;\treduces\ntiredness;\nincreases\nalertness\tand\naggression\nMuscle\tand\tjoint\t... | [
-0.007788280490785837,
-0.08766748011112213,
0.020046405494213104,
0.006083477288484573,
-0.08677200227975845,
0.0057549746707081795,
0.06786388158798218,
0.09360381960868835,
-0.06080351397395134,
0.025007463991642,
0.053324367851018906,
-0.02643556147813797,
0.047116588801145554,
0.03336... |
time\torientation;\ttremors;\tcerebral\nvascular\taccident,\tarrhythmia,\nmyocardial\tinfarction,\tseizure,\npsychosis,\thypertension,\tdeath\nArimidex,\t(anastrozole);\nselective\testrogen\nreceptor\tmodulators\n(SERMs)\tlike\ntamoxifen\nCancer\tdrug\tused\nto\tdecrease\nestrogen\tlevels\nassociated\twith\ntestosteron... | [
0.005044374614953995,
-0.09211014956235886,
-0.020360929891467094,
0.0013697955291718245,
-0.07398071885108948,
0.014475887641310692,
0.005490493960678577,
0.02925725467503071,
-0.017098678275942802,
0.058764614164829254,
0.11288701742887497,
-0.05253346636891365,
-0.010688995011150837,
0.... |
testosterone\nuse\nNone;\tincrease\ntestosterone,\nluteinizing\nhormone\nsecretion;\nincrease\tmuscle\nstrength\tand\nsize;\tprevent\nbone\tloss\nSide\teffects\tassociated\twith\ttaking\nthese\tagents;\tearly\tfatigue;\nincreased\tbone\tresorption\tand\ndecreased\tBMD\t(hip,\tlumber\tspine)\nGhrelin\tmimetics\n(GHRP6\t... | [
-0.023923084139823914,
-0.05658280476927757,
0.009535590186715126,
0.008214683271944523,
-0.0959877148270607,
0.0035920434165745974,
0.05179240554571152,
-0.017575353384017944,
-0.09382376819849014,
0.0767369270324707,
0.058780744671821594,
-0.025136983022093773,
-0.03884777054190636,
0.01... |
Increase\tGH\nsecretion\nIncrease\tmuscle\nmass;\tstimulate\nglycogenesis;\nanabolic\teffects\non\tmuscle\tmass\nGH-associated\tside\n\teffects\t(see\tabove)\nGlucocorticoids\nAlleviate\tpain;\nreduce\ntiredness\nNo\timprovement\nGrowth\tsuppression,\tosteoporosis,\navascular\tnecrosis\tof\tfemoral\thead;\ntendon\tor\t... | [
-0.013619659468531609,
-0.06566489487886429,
-0.004253351129591465,
0.0011846141424030066,
-0.11802259832620621,
0.004242096096277237,
-0.01971502974629402,
0.09801451116800308,
-0.05624961853027344,
0.0684187263250351,
0.06382955610752106,
0.048485398292541504,
0.04935496672987938,
0.0095... |
tendon\tor\tfacial\trupture\t(by\tlocal\ninjections)\tosteoarthritis\nBMD\n,\tBone\tmineral\tdensity,\t\nBP\n,\tblood\tpressure;\t\nCNS\n,\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem;\t\nDHEA\n,\tdehydroepiandrosterone;\t\nGH\n,\tgrowth\thormone;\t\nHR\n,\theart\nrate.\nRefs:\tPesta,\tD\tet\tal\t2013;\tNikolopoulios,\n\tD\tet\tal\t2011,... | [
-0.07752709090709686,
-0.0593380369246006,
-0.005637476686388254,
-0.07095520198345184,
-0.12096400558948517,
-0.00020570919150486588,
-0.034323908388614655,
0.08023060858249664,
0.0007669665501452982,
0.05284559726715088,
0.0953582376241684,
0.04765555262565613,
0.019130731001496315,
0.04... |
D\tet\tal\t2011,\tRogol\tA\t2010;\tHoffman\tJ\tet\tal\t2009.\nThe\tbiggest\tconcern\tfor\tathletes\tis\tthe\tuse\tof\tdrugs\tprohibited\tin\tsport\tand\tthe\tpossibility\tthat\ta\nsupplement\tmay\tcontain\tsomething\tthat\twill\tresult\tin\ta\tpositive\tdrug\ttest,\twhich\tmay\talso\tapply\tto\nsupplemental\tsport\tfoo... | [
-0.010378972627222538,
-0.022676127031445503,
0.05531815066933632,
-0.07262250036001205,
-0.060028888285160065,
0.010302524082362652,
0.08922889828681946,
-0.022072214633226395,
-0.028831681236624718,
0.0804460346698761,
0.07903163880109787,
-0.02697933278977871,
0.06981906294822693,
0.026... |
stimulants,\tsteroids,\tand\tother\tagents\tthat\tare\tincluded\n\tin\tthe\tWorld\tAnti-Doping\tAgency’s\t(WADA)\nprohibited\tlist\thave\tbeen\tidentified\tin\tsupplements.\tThis\tmay\toccur\teither\tintentionally\tor\nunintentionally\tby\tthe\tmanufacturers\tin\tthe\tpreparation\tof\tthe\traw\tingredients\tor\tin\tthe... | [
0.0024953060783445835,
-0.05137666314840317,
0.03853118419647217,
-0.03187372535467148,
-0.1047898381948471,
0.01064754743129015,
0.12302083522081375,
0.03498729318380356,
-0.006347339600324631,
0.043737348169088364,
0.09317166358232498,
-0.032727912068367004,
0.02228434383869171,
0.031831... |
of\tthe\tfinished\tproduct.\tIn\tsome\tcases,\tthe\tamount\tof\tproduct\tmay\tbe\texceptionally\thigher\tor\tlower\nthan\tthe\ttherapeutic\tdose\t(\nTable\t22.6\n).\tThe\tFDA\thas\tidentified\n\tsports\tsupplements\tand\tergogenic\naids\tamong\tthe\thighest\trisk\tfor\tadulteration\twith\tdrugs\tand\tbaned\tsubstances\... | [
0.014146419242024422,
-0.015396574512124062,
0.05350564420223236,
-0.046453263610601425,
-0.058544691652059555,
0.00887132529169321,
0.09800694137811661,
0.031489674001932144,
-0.011490438133478165,
0.08049912005662918,
0.07617385685443878,
-0.006211291998624802,
0.052061181515455246,
0.01... |
TABLE\t22.6\nFoods\tHigh\tin\tBranched-Chain\tAmino\tAcids\nBranched-Chain\tAmino\tAcid\nFood\tSources\nLeucine\nMeat,\tdairy,\tnuts,\tbeans,\tbrown\trice,\tsoy,\tand\twhole\twheat\nIsoleucine\nMeat,\tchicken,\teggs,\tfish,\talmonds,\tchickpeas,\tsoy\tprotein,\tand\tmost\tseeds\nValine\nMeat,\n\tdairy,\tsoy\tprotein,\t... | [
-0.013246073387563229,
-0.05294157564640045,
-0.0004268146294634789,
-0.010243791155517101,
-0.07724629342556,
-0.029465749859809875,
0.04325519874691963,
0.06091034784913063,
-0.01796802505850792,
0.018178878352046013,
0.10239844024181366,
-0.029573919251561165,
0.026147978380322456,
-0.0... |
Valine\nMeat,\n\tdairy,\tsoy\tprotein,\tgrains,\tpeanuts,\tand\tmushrooms\nResearch\tsuggests\tthat\tall\ttoo\toften,\tphysically\tactive\tindividuals,\tincluding\thigh-level\tathletes,\nobtain\tnutrition\tinformation\tfrom\tcoaches,\tfellow\tathletes,\ttrainers,\tadvertisements,\tand\tthe\tInternet | [
0.023276304826140404,
-0.05502694472670555,
0.07631773501634598,
-0.021928347647190094,
-0.15392731130123138,
-0.009615719318389893,
0.13920851051807404,
0.03100956790149212,
-0.028834817931056023,
0.01643100194633007,
0.03641391173005104,
-0.049843743443489075,
0.045198582112789154,
-0.02... |
rather\tthan\twell-informed\tand\teducated\tsports\tdietitians,\tphysicians,\tand\taccredited\texercise\nprofessionals\t(\nMorente-Sánchez\tand\tZabala,\t2013\n).\nInformation\ton\tthe\tefficacy\tand\tsafety\tof\tmany\tof\tthese\tproducts\tused\tby\tathletes\tis\tlimited\tor\ncompletely\tlacking.\tSports\tnutritionists... | [
0.009802527725696564,
-0.03644844889640808,
0.02763071283698082,
-0.03032318688929081,
-0.04580433666706085,
0.013821148313581944,
0.07591984421014786,
-0.02803662419319153,
0.015577681362628937,
0.05368851497769356,
0.06674769520759583,
-0.05969873443245888,
0.03270900249481201,
0.0231059... |
evaluate\tthe\tscientific\tmerit\tof\tarticles\tand\tadvertisements\tabout\texercise\tand\tnutrition\tproducts\tso\nthat\tthey\tcan\tseparate\tmarketing\thype\tfrom\tscientifically\tbased\ttraining\tand\tnutrition\tpractices\t(see\nChapter\t11\n).\tCertification\tprograms\tsuch\tas\tNational\tSanitation\tFoundation\t(N... | [
0.029546765610575676,
0.02898356132209301,
0.012201893143355846,
-0.05558763071894646,
-0.04808547720313072,
0.013364065438508987,
0.0874081626534462,
0.03455100208520889,
-0.026542631909251213,
0.05474237725138664,
0.0543510802090168,
-0.05713407322764397,
0.0327119342982769,
0.0533595755... |
Informed\tChoice\tcan\thelp\tguide\tdietitians\tand\tathletes\tto\tselecting\tcertified\tsafe\tsport\tsupplements.\nNSF\tfor\tSport\tis\ta\tprogram\tthat\tfocuses\tprimarily\ton\tthe\tsports\tsupplement\tmanufacturing\tand\nsourcing\tprocess,\tprovides\tpreventive\tmeasures\tto\tprotect\tagainst\tadulteration\tof\tprod... | [
-0.011005625128746033,
-0.025439411401748657,
-0.0033500713761895895,
-0.03763468191027641,
-0.021528182551264763,
-0.004045203328132629,
0.12439201772212982,
0.009629495441913605,
-0.020315630361437798,
0.06568268686532974,
0.057973094284534454,
-0.020140325650572777,
0.07525677233934402,
... |
label\n\tclaims\tagainst\tproduct\tcontents,\tand\tidentifies\tathletic\tbanned\tsubstances\tin\tthe\tfinished\nproduct\tor\tingredients.\tThe\tprogram,\tdesigned\tfor\tmanufacturers\tand\ttheir\tproducts,\tincludes\nproduct\ttesting\tfor\tmore\tthan\t180\tbanned\tsubstances,\tlabel\tcontent\tconfirmation,\tformulation... | [
-0.019604381173849106,
0.022306885570287704,
0.006628280971199274,
-0.05441185459494591,
-0.04423866420984268,
0.007872945629060268,
0.1378488540649414,
-0.011517324484884739,
0.00839988049119711,
0.022104619070887566,
0.09412842988967896,
-0.07420209050178528,
0.06213104724884033,
0.01680... |
label\treview,\tand\tproduction\tfacility\tand\tsupplier\tinspections,\tas\twell\tas\tongoing\tmonitoring\tin\tline\nwith\tsubstance\n\tprohibitive\tlists.\tThe\tprogram\tis\trecognized\tby\tthe\tNFL,\tNational\tFootball\tLeague\nPlayers\tAssociation\t(NFLPA),\tMajor\tLeague\tBaseball\t(MLB),\tMajor\tLeague\tBaseball\t... | [
0.05803786218166351,
-0.06783369183540344,
0.044646598398685455,
-0.09469495713710785,
-0.05028481408953667,
0.05052538216114044,
0.09439611434936523,
0.03873451426625252,
0.0361686646938324,
0.04517706483602524,
0.03789316490292549,
-0.05675049498677254,
-0.01648205704987049,
0.0165945030... |
Association\t(MLBPA),\tProfessional\tGolfers\tAssociation\t(PGA),\tLadies\tProfessional\tGolf\tAssociation\n(LPGA),\tand\tCanadian\tCentre\tfor\tEthics\tin\tSports\t(CCES).\nInformed\tChoice\tis\talso\ta\tquality\tassurance\tprogram\tfor\tsports\tnutrition\n\tproducts,\tsuppliers\tto\tthe | [
0.04783808812499046,
-0.004564717411994934,
-0.004588529001921415,
-0.004744341131299734,
-0.0668378695845604,
0.06826787441968918,
0.07631198316812515,
0.03689691424369812,
0.02363242767751217,
0.010431411676108837,
0.03930572420358658,
-0.08580845594406128,
-0.06342742592096329,
0.023252... |
products,\tsuppliers\tto\tthe\nsports\tnutrition\tindustry,\tand\tsupplement\tmanufacturing\tfacilities.\tIts\ttesting\tcapability\tfor\nsupplements/ingredients\tincludes\tthe\tanalysis\tof\tover\t146\tsubstances\tthat\tare\tconsidered\tprohibited\nin\tsport\tand\tsubstances\tthat\tpose\ta\tthreat\twith\trespect\tto\tp... | [
-0.024678045883774757,
-0.021482016891241074,
0.034727875143289566,
-0.028175804764032364,
-0.0006986043299548328,
0.01876610331237316,
0.09733676165342331,
0.015836361795663834,
-0.053315337747335434,
-0.00007784786430420354,
0.08858361095190048,
-0.045409511774778366,
0.032995548099279404,... |
include\tdrugs\tof\tabuse,\tanabolic\tagents,\tstimulants,\tbeta-2-agonists,\tmasking\n\tagents,\tand\tso\ton.\nTesting\tmethods\tused\tfor\ta\trange\tof\tsubstances\tfrom\tthese\tcategories\thave\tbeen\tvalidated\tand\naccredited\tto\tthe\tISO\t17025\tstandard\tin\tsupplements/ingredients\tin\teach\tof\tthe\trelevant\... | [
-0.015652833506464958,
-0.041383061558008194,
-0.00901524256914854,
-0.02328483946621418,
-0.07837779819965363,
-0.01377189438790083,
0.04425343871116638,
0.06491592526435852,
-0.06857161968946457,
-0.012843403033912182,
0.08637084066867828,
-0.04442240670323372,
0.022889815270900726,
0.04... |
powders,\tbars,\tliquids,\tcapsules,\ttablets,\tand\tso\ton,\twith\tdefined\tmethod\tcapabilities/reporting\nlimits.\nPopular\tergogenic\tAIDS\nCreatine\nAs\tan\tamino\tacid,\tcreatine\tis\tproduced\tnormally\n\tin\tthe\tbody\tfrom\targinine,\tglycine,\tand\tmethionine.\nMost\tdietary\tcreatine\tcomes\tfrom\tmeat,\tbut... | [
-0.04681473970413208,
-0.024526046589016914,
0.024649785831570625,
-0.015389351174235344,
-0.03625134751200676,
-0.012958181090652943,
0.12245878577232361,
0.08378062397241592,
-0.038150373846292496,
0.019286997616291046,
0.08568882942199707,
-0.02198847010731697,
0.058292217552661896,
0.0... |
eaters,\tdietary\tintake\tof\tcreatine\tis\tapproximately\t1\tg\tdaily\t(\nKreider\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tThe\tbody\talso\nsynthesizes\tapproximately\t1\tg\tof\tcreatine\tper\tday,\tfor\ta\ttotal\tproduction\tof\tapproximately\t2\tg\tdaily\n(\nKreider\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nIn\tnormal,\thealthy\tpersons\n\tapproximately\t40%... | [
-0.041430313140153885,
-0.07236040383577347,
0.04641963168978691,
-0.04671241715550423,
-0.12947380542755127,
0.01035718061029911,
0.07081399112939835,
0.005573917180299759,
-0.0529019720852375,
0.08166376501321793,
0.11266371607780457,
-0.10011021047830582,
0.03982216864824295,
0.02312039... |
approximately\t40%\tof\tmuscle\tcreatine\texists\tas\tfree\tcreatine;\tthe\nremainder\tcombines\twith\tphosphate\tto\tform\tcreatine\tphosphate\t(CP).\tApproximately\t2%\tof\tthe\nbody’s\tcreatine\tis\tbroken\tdown\tdaily\tto\tcreatinine\tbefore\texcretion\tby\tthe\tkidneys.\tThe\tnormal\tdaily\nexcretion\tof\tcreatini... | [
-0.050883375108242035,
-0.05750849470496178,
-0.006912462413311005,
-0.066571444272995,
-0.10153747349977493,
-0.033354781568050385,
0.08763781189918518,
0.07521428912878036,
-0.006905161775648594,
0.0410437248647213,
0.06988293677568436,
-0.032001230865716934,
0.08175332844257355,
-0.0159... |
intramuscular\tcreatine,\tsuch\tas\tvegetarians,\tmay\n\tbenefit\tfrom\tcreatine\tsupplementation\t(\nMcArdle\tet\nal,\t2014\n).\nCreatine\tmonohydrate\tis\tone\tof\tthe\tmost\tpopular\tsupplements\tused\tby\tstrength\tand\tpower\nathletes.\tSupplementation\televates\tmuscle\tcreatine\tlevels\tand\tfacilitates\tthe\tre... | [
0.0015195676824077964,
-0.05949829891324043,
0.04681648313999176,
-0.05037549138069153,
-0.14292465150356293,
0.016712497919797897,
0.07249906659126282,
0.023308631032705307,
0.008752252906560898,
0.0680094063282013,
0.12087973952293396,
-0.023194141685962677,
0.04848833382129669,
0.028350... |
which\thelps\tto\tregenerate\tATP.\tA\tvariety\tof\tsynthetic\tcreatine\tsupplements\thave\tbeen\tdeveloped,\nincluding\tcreatine\tmalate,\tpyruvate,\tcitrate,\tand\tmany\n\tmore\twith\tmarketing\tclaims\tof\tgreater\nperformance\tenhancement\tand\tabsorption.\tCreatine\tmonohydrate\tis\tnot\tonly\tthe\tmost\textensive... | [
0.010693336836993694,
-0.043796952813863754,
-0.008407819084823132,
-0.06438463926315308,
-0.10892023891210556,
-0.013103127479553223,
0.07143763452768326,
0.0178519394248724,
0.013444400392472744,
0.07635995000600815,
0.0647253692150116,
-0.014147698879241943,
0.03682476282119751,
0.02463... |
studied\tbut\tthe\tmost\tclinically\teffective\tform\tof\tcreatine\tfor\tuse\tin\tnutritional\tsupplements\tin\tterms\nof\tmuscle\tuptake\tand\tability\tto\tincrease\thigh-intensity\texercise\tcapacity\t(\nKreider\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nNumerous\treviews\tidentify\tperformance\tbenefits\twith\trepeated\tbouts\n\tof\thigh-... | [
0.03286082297563553,
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0.058278027921915054,
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0.024583393707871437,
0.015670929104089737,
0.035201698541641235,
0.03860... |
of\thigh-intensity\texercise\nless\tthan\t150\ts\tin\tduration\twith\tthe\tgreatest\timpact\tin\tless\tthan\t30\ts\t(\nLanhers\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tClassical\nloading\tconsists\tof\tan\tinitial\tloading\tphase\tof\t15\tto\t20\tg\tper\tday\tfor\t4\tto\t7\tdays,\tfollowed\tby\ta\nmaintenance\tdose\tof\t2\tto\t5\tg\tper\td... | [
0.01824905537068844,
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0.05465519055724144,
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0.05378017574548721,
0.04367482289671898,
0.0021495334804058075,
0.042573899030685425,
0.0428140... |
effectively\tincrease\tcreatine\tstores\tand\tresult\tin\tstrength\tgains.\tRegimens\n\twithout\tthe\tloading\ninclude\ta\tdose\tof\t0.3\tg/kg\tbody\tweight\tfor\t5\tto\t7\tdays,\tfollowed\tby\tmaintenance\tdose\tof\t0.03\tg/kg\nbody\tweight\tfor\t4\tto\t6\tweeks.\tHowever,\twith\tthis\tregimen\tcreatine\tstores\tincre... | [
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0.026551788672804832,
0... |
it\tmay\ttake\tlonger\tto\tsee\tthe\tstrength\ttraining\teffects\t(\nHall\tand\tTrojian,\t2013\n).\nAs\tcreatine\tis\tone\tof\tthe\tmost\tresearched\tsupplements,\tnumerous\tstudies\tsupport\tthe\tuse\tand\neffectiveness\n\tof\tcreatine\tfor\tshort-term,\tmaximum\toutput\texercise\tsuch\tas\tweight\tlifting,\trunning\t... | [
-0.02360358275473118,
-0.04615740105509758,
0.04904688894748688,
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0.028478113934397697,
0.06896807998418808,
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0.02624152973294258,
0.07214271277189255,
-0.0022813412360846996,
0.03890736773610115,
-0.01356... |
100-m\tsprint,\tswinging\ta\tbat,\tor\tpunting\ta\tfootball.\tWhen\tcreatine\tstores\tin\tthe\tmuscles\tare\ndepleted,\tATP\tsynthesis\tis\tprevented\tand\tenergy\tcan\tno\tlonger\tbe\tsupplied\tat\tthe\trate\trequired\tby\nthe\tworking\tmuscle.\tImproved\tathletic\tperformance\thas\tbeen\tattributed\tto\tthis\tATP\tre... | [
0.0071715121157467365,
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0.09312155097723007,
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0.10623439401388168,
-0.03666155785322189,
0.0462392121553421,
0.012274517... |
Creatine\tsupplementation\n\tincreases\tbody\tmass\tor\tmuscle\tmass\tduring\ttraining.\tIt\tmay\timprove\nsubmaximal\texercise\tperformance\tfor\thigh-intensity\tinterval\ttraining\t(HIIT),\twhich\tpromotes\tfitness\nsimilar\tto\tendurance\ttraining.\tA\t2013\tstudy\ton\tswimmers\tshowed\tcreatine\tsupplementation | [
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0.03279070928692818,
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0.022191233932971954,
0.0... |
improved\tswimming\tperformance\tand\treduced\tblood\tlactate\tlevels\tafter\tintermittent\tsprint\nswimming\tbouts\t(\nDabidi\tRoshan\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nStudies\n\tare\tconflicting\ton\tcreatinine’s\teffect\ton\taerobic\tperformance.\tIn\ta\tdouble-blind,\tplacebo-\ncontrolled\tstudy\t16\tmale\tamateur\tsoccer\tplaye... | [
-0.047071073204278946,
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0.06191326677799225,
0.019250493496656418,
0.04456940293312073,
-0.02013... |
for\t7\tdays,\texperienced\tno\tbeneficial\teffect\ton\tphysical\tmeasures\tobtained\tduring\ta\t90-minute\tsoccer\ntest\t(\nWilliams\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nCreatine\tabsorption\tappears\tto\tbe\tstimulated\tby\tinsulin.\tTherefore\tingesting\n\tcreatine\tsupplements\nin\tcombination\twith\tcarbohydrate,\tamino\tacids,\to... | [
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0.03808227553963661,
0.06855647265911102,
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0.02627890184521675,
0.06070... |
concentrations.\tOnce\tcreatine\tis\ttaken\tup\tby\tthe\tmuscles,\tit\tis\ttrapped\twithin\tthe\tmuscle\ttissue.\tIt\tis\nestimated\tthat\tonce\tcreatine\tstores\tin\tthe\tmuscle\tare\televated,\tit\tgenerally\ttakes\t4\tto\t6\tweeks\tfor\ncreatine\tstores\tto\treturn\tto\tbaseline\t(\nKreider\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nFew\t... | [
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0.04312969744205475,
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0.05549156293272972,
0.10426566004753113,
-0.06273454427719116,
0.060741592198610306,
0.0348890... |
Kreider\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nFew\tdata\texist\ton\tthe\n\tlong-term\tbenefits\tand\trisks\tof\tcreatine\tsupplementation.\tBecause\tof\tthe\nlong-term\trisks,\tthe\tAmerican\tOrthopedic\tSociety\tfor\tSports\tMedicine,\tthe\tACSM,\tand\tthe\tAmerican\nAcademy\tof\tPediatrics\t(AAP)\tadvise\tchildren\tand\tadolescents\ty... | [
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0.06864561885595322,
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0.0015835004160180688,
0.06664754450321198,
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0.08185620605945587,
0.11668110638856888,
-0.037033431231975555,
0.02670365571975708,
-0.... |
nursing\twomen\tto\tnever\ttake\tcreatine\tsupplements.\tWhile\ta\tfew\tcase\tstudies\thave\treported\tthat\nindividuals\tpurportedly\ttaking\tcreatine\n\twith\tor\twithout\tother\tsupplements\tpresented\twith\thigh\ncreatinine\tlevels\tand/or\trenal\tdysfunction,\tthere\tappears\tto\tbe\tno\tcompelling\tevidence\tthat | [
0.0006458501447923481,
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0.08112036436796188,
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0.039151180535554886,
0.04734519124031067,
0.00351245841011405,
0.02167508937418461,
0.002... |
supplementation\tnegatively\taffects\trenal\tfunction\tin\thealthy\tor\tclinical\tpopulations\t(\nKreider\tet\tal,\n2017\n;\t\nWilliamson\tand\tNew,\t2014\n).\nBeta-alanine\nIntermittent\tbouts\tof\t\nhigh-intensity\tinterval\ttraining\t(HIIT)\n\tdeplete\tenergy\tsubstrates\tand\tallow\nfor\n\tmetabolite\taccumulation.... | [
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0.09706253558397293,
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0.07073810696601868,
0.06699565798044205,
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0.0021888173650950193,
0.0126... |
endurance\tperformance\tas\twell\tas\tlean\tbody\tmass\t(\nKern\tand\tRobinson,\t2011\n).\tBecause\tof\tits\nrelationship\twith\tcarnosine,\tbeta-alanine\tappears\tto\thave\tergogenic\tpotential.\tCarnosine\tis\tbelieved\nto\tbe\tone\tof\tthe\tprimary\tacid\tbuffering\tsubstances\tin\tmuscle.\tAlthough\tcarnosine\tis\t... | [
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0.06577954441308975,
0.056456975638866425,
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0.017396846786141396,
0.027224... |
two\tamino\tacids,\n\tbeta-alanine\tand\thistidine,\tits\tsynthesis\tappears\tto\tbe\tlimited\tby\tthe\tavailability\tof\nbeta-alanine,\tthus\ttaking\tsupplemental\tbeta-alanine\tcan\tincrease\tcarnosine\tlevels\tand\treduce\tlactic\nacid\tbuild\tup\tin\tthe\tmuscles\t(\nTrexler\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t\nPeeling\tet\tal,\t2... | [
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0.030803825706243515,
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0.1089591383934021,
0.08250869065523148,
-0.05207491293549538,
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0.0330... |
Trexler\tet\tal,\t2015\n;\t\nPeeling\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nThis\tproposed\tbenefit\twould\thelp\tincrease\tan\tathlete’s\tcapacity\tfor\ttraining\tand\tincrease\ttime\tto\nfatigue.\tSupplementing\twith\tbeta-alanine\n\thas\tbeen\tassociated\twith\timproved\tstrength,\tanaerobic\nendurance,\tbody\tcomposition,\tand\tperfo... | [
0.03396012634038925,
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0.05062491074204445,
0.07854343950748444,
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0.03947460278868675,
0.0222365... |
Daily\tsupplementation\twith\t3.2\tto\t6.4\tg\t(approx.\t65mg/kg\tbody\tmass)\tfor\ta\tminimum\tof\t2\tto\t4\nweeks\tcan\tincrease\tmuscle\tcarnosine\tcontent\tabout\t65%\tabove\tresting\tlevels;\textended\tto\t10\tto\t12\nweeks,\t80%\tabove\tresting\tlevels\tand\timproving\ttolerance\tfor\n\texercise\tbouts\tlasting\t... | [
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0.04032468795776367,
0.01964903250336647,
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0.06468930840492249,
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0.001036782399751246,
0.08136095851659775,
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0.0343041829764843,
0.03383... |
exercise\tbouts\tlasting\t30\tseconds\tto\t10\nminutes.\tHowever,\tthe\tcorrelation\tbetween\tmuscle\tchanges\tand\tmagnitude\tof\tperformance\tbenefits\nare\tyet\tto\tbe\tdetermined.\tThe\tonly\treported\tside\teffect\tis\tparesthesia\t(tingling),\tbut\tstudies\tindicate\nthis\tcan\tbe\tattenuated\tby\tusing\tdivided\... | [
0.010304694063961506,
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0.10175957530736923,
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0.0253096092492342,
0.06195268779993057,
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0.040533822029829025,
0.04134104... |
(\nTrexler\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nCaffeine\nResearch\ton\tthe\tphysiologic\n\tbenefits\tof\tcaffeine\ton\tperformance\tis\textensive\tin\tareas\tof\tstrength,\nendurance,\trates\tof\tperceived\teffort,\thydration,\tand\trecovery.\tThe\tergogenic\tbenefits\tinclude:\n(1)\t\naffecting\tthe\tcentral\tnervous\tsystem\t(CNS)\t... | [
0.0026603550650179386,
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0.056280042976140976,
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0.038618553429841995,
0.11604054272174835,
0.03810684010386467,
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0.07854365557432175,
0.07918217033147812,
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0.030990779399871826,
0.04241... |
(2)\t\nmobilizing\tfat\tand\tsparing\tglycogen\tduring\texercise\n(3)\t\nincreasing\tintestinal\tabsorption\tand\toxidation\tof\tcarbohydrates\n(4)\t\nspeeding\tup\tresynthesis\n\tof\tmuscle\tglycogen\tin\trecovery\n(5)\t\nreducing\tperceived\texertion\tand\tpain\tof\ttraining.\nCaffeine\tcontributes\tto\tendurance\tpe... | [
-0.0097512761130929,
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0.05602715164422989,
0.01574212871491909,
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0.05764860287308693,
0.0776912048459053,
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0.03595218... |
mobilization\tof\tfatty\tacids\tand\tthus\tconserve\tglycogen\tstores.\tCaffeine\talso\tmay\tdirectly\taffect\nmuscle\tcontractility,\tpossibly\tby\tfacilitating\tcalcium\ttransport.\tIt\tcould\treduce\tfatigue\tas\twell\tby\nreducing\tplasma\tpotassium\n\taccumulation,\twhich\tcontributes\tto\tfatigue.\tAn\tenergy-enh... | [
0.014551203697919846,
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0.0382663831114769,
0.10735592991113663,
0.05433172732591629,
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0.052067216485738754,
0.08861822634935379,
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0.04406219348311424,
0.0408... |
is\tseen\twith\tup\tto\t3\tmg/kg\tbody\tmass\tor\tabout\t200\tmg\tcaffeine\tfor\tthe\t150-lb\tathlete\t(\nSpriet,\t2014\n).\nUnwanted\tside\teffects\tof\toverconsuming\tcaffeine\tthat\tmay\tlimit\tperformance\tare\theadaches,\ninsomnia,\tGI\tirritation,\treflux,\tshakiness,\theart\tpalpitations,\tand\tincreased\turinat... | [
-0.0092280562967062,
-0.014473574236035347,
0.05021125078201294,
-0.01796310395002365,
-0.10051139444112778,
0.01119699701666832,
0.09137158840894699,
0.028567757457494736,
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0.022792793810367584,
0.052339229732751846,
-0.10243790596723557,
0.07196691632270813,
-0.001... |
reports\tshowed\tthat\tcaffeine\tcombined\n\twith\tephedra\tresulted\tin\tserious\tillness\tand\tdeath,\tand\tthe\ncombination\twas\tbanned\tfrom\tuse\tin\tdietary\tsupplements\tby\tthe\tFDA\tin\t2004.\tSafety\tdata\tfrom\t50\ntrials\tdetermined\tthat\tthe\tuse\tof\tephedra\tor\tephedrine\tcombined\twith\tcaffeine\thas... | [
-0.005027188919484615,
-0.011672025546431541,
0.0007298398413695395,
0.0027244703378528357,
-0.07428888231515884,
0.05612454563379288,
0.06012040004134178,
0.015083069913089275,
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0.09111469984054565,
0.07440710812807083,
-0.024273041635751724,
0.0857679545879364,
0.04... |
with\ta\t2.2-\tto\t3.6-fold\tincreases\tin\todds\tof\tpsychiatric,\tautonomic,\tor\tGI\tsymptoms,\tand\theart\npalpitations\t(\nShekelle\tet\tal,\t2003\n).\nConsumer\tdemand\n\tfor\tcaffeine\thas\tresulted\tin\tgreater\taccessibility\tand\tacceptance\tof\ta\tvariety\tof\nbeverages\tbeyond\tcoffee\tand\ttea.\tAn\temergi... | [
0.013465780764818192,
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0.028513668105006218,
-0.039608027786016464,
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0.009583096951246262,
0.08163165301084518,
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0.009759322740137577,
0.057529859244823456,
0.05972497537732124,
-0.06047128885984421,
0.028524426743388176,
0.0... |
containing\tenergy\tdrinks\tand\tdrink\tshots\tfor\tperformance.\nThe\tgrowing\tavailability\tand\tconsumption\tof\tenergy\tdrinks\twith\tcaffeine\tamong\tall\tage\tgroups\tis\tof\nconcern,\tespecially\tamong\tyoung\tathletes\tbecause\texcessive\n\tamounts\tof\tcaffeine\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto | [
-0.031410787254571915,
0.003838353557512164,
0.05573305860161781,
-0.03747258707880974,
0.006866229232400656,
0.0359220989048481,
0.16616806387901306,
0.007176962215453386,
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0.012592550367116928,
0.05454932525753975,
-0.06728314608335495,
0.09539633244276047,
0.0420309... |
amounts\tof\tcaffeine\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\ndisrupt\tadolescent\tsleep\tpatterns,\texacerbate\tpsychiatric\tdisease,\tcause\tphysiologic\tdependence,\nincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tsubsequent\taddiction\tand\trisk-taking\tbehaviors,\traise\tblood\tpressure,\tand\tcause\ndehydration,\tvomiting,\tirregular\tand\trapid\thear... | [
0.03871763497591019,
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0.023528777062892914,
0.019853301346302032,
-0.10706321895122528,
0.0029503274708986282,
0.12842980027198792,
0.018901033326983452,
0.027219921350479126,
-0.0072685410268604755,
0.038342978805303574,
-0.06604186445474625,
0.03464088216423988,
-0.0... |
patterns\tfrom\texcessive\tcaffeine\tuse\tcan\tlead\tto\tpoor\tperformance,\n\tdelayed\treaction\ttimes,\tand | [
-0.0506652370095253,
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0.08196642994880676,
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0.0024148800875991583,
0.037146277725696564,
-0.04447341710329056,
0.015603977255523205,
... |
increased\trisk\tfor\tinjuries.\nEnergy\tdrinks\tconsumed\twith\talcohol\tare\tanother\tgrowing\tconcern\tamong\thealth\texperts,\tand\tin\n2010\tthe\tFDA\tdeclared\tcaffeine\tan\t“unsafe\tfood\tadditive”\tto\talcoholic\tbeverages,\teffectively\tbanning\npremixed\talcoholic\tenergy\tdrinks. | [
0.004101695958524942,
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0.049600712954998016,
0.018874824047088623,
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0.08294404298067093,
-0.018086517229676247,
0.01710822619497776,
0.0237... |
premixed\talcoholic\tenergy\tdrinks.\nThere\tare\tconcerns\tand\tsafety\tissues\tregarding\tanother\tsimilar\tsupplement,\tcitrus\taurantium\tL.\n(bitter\torange)\n\textracts,\twhich\tare\talso\tused\tfor\tweight\tloss/weight\tmanagement,\tsports\nperformance,\tappetite\tcontrol,\tenergy,\tand\tmental\tfocus\tand\tcogn... | [
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0.005588999018073082,
0.06974063813686371,
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0.005170750431716442,
0.0318... |
synephrine\tas\tthe\tprimary\tprotoalkaloid,\tas\tthey\thave\tsimilar\tstructural\taspects\tas\tephedrine\t(\nStohs,\n2017\n).\nNitrates\tand\tbeet\tjuice\nSeveral\tstudies\tsuggest\tthat\tinorganic\tnitrates\tmay\talter\tthe\tphysiologic\tresponses\tto\texercise\n\tand\nenhance\tperformance\tby\tincreasing\tvasodilati... | [
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0.07526689022779465,
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0.018154224380850792,
0.018559... |
and\tthe\tO\n2\n\tcost\tof\tsubmaximal\texercise\t(\nPeeling\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tBecause\tthe\tconsumption\tof\tnitrate\nsalts\tmay\tresult\tin\tthe\tproduction\tof\tharmful\tnitrogenous\tcompounds,\tresearchers\thave\texplored\nusing\tnatural\tnitrate-rich\tfoods\tsuch\tas\tbeetroot\tjuice\tand\tpowders.\tA\tdose\tof\... | [
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0.027400903403759003,
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0.052400145679712296,
0.1156926229596138,
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0.06609886884689331,
0.0020... |
approximately\n\t0.5\tL\tof\tbeetroot\tjuice,\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\tincrease\tplasma\tnitrite,\twhich\tpeaks\twithin\n3\thours\tand\tremains\televated\tfor\t6\tto\t9\thours\tbefore\treturning\tto\tbaseline\t(\nWylie\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nIn\tone\tstudy,\tsupplementing\tthe\tdiet\twith\t0.5\tL\tof\tbeetroot\tjuice\tper\t... | [
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0.053065504878759384,
0.08340819180011749,
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0.031211677938699722,
0.007... |
the\tsteady\tstate\tcost\tof\tsubmaximal\texercise\tby\t5%\tand\textended\tthe\ttime\tto\texhaustion\tduring\thigh-\nintensity\tcycling\n\tby\t16%,\twhich\thas\tbeen\tconfirmed\tin\tother\texercise\tpopulations,\tincluding\trowers\nand\tteam\tsports.\tAlthough\tthe\tmechanistic\tbases\tfor\tthe\teffects\tare\tunclear,\... | [
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0.04764111340045929,
0.0614820197224617,
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0.046414442360401154,
0.041... |
mitochondrial\tefficiency\tand\tcontractile\tfunction\tmay\tbe\tenhanced\t(\nWylie\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tOther\tpositive\neffects\tinclude\tincreased\tNO\n2\n\tand\tvasodilation\tand\treduced\tVO\n2\n\tat\tless\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\tVO\n2\nmax\nintensity\twhile\timproving\n\tthe\trelationship\tbetween\twatts\trequired\ta... | [
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0.13782106339931488,
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0.03925998508930206,
0.02... |
level,\tincreasing\ttime-to-\nexhaustion\tat\tless\tthan\tor\tequal\tto\tVO\n2\nmax\tintensity\t(\nDomínguez\tet\tal,\t2017\n;\t\nMills\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\nIt\thas\tbeen\trecommended\tto\tconsume\tnitrate\timmediately\tbefore,\tduring,\tand\tafter\tlong-duration\nendurance\texercise\tbecause\tof\tpeak\tand\tmaintenance... | [
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0.06950519979000092,
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0.005152737256139517,
0.09494858980178833,
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0.05664842203259468,
0.0324... |
been\tshown\tto\tkeep\tplasma\tnitrite\n\televated\t(\nJones\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tAlthough\tthere\tis\ta\tpossibility\tthat\nuncontrolled\thigh\tdoses\tof\tnitrate\tsalts\tmay\tbe\tharmful\tto\thealth,\tnatural\tsources\tfound\tin\tbeetroot,\nspinach,\tlettuce,\tand\tcelery\tare\tlikely\tto\tpromote\thealth.\nPerformanc... | [
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0.061227571219205856,
0.09110631048679352,
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0.03917030617594719,
0.... |
Performance\tenhancement\tsubstances\tand\tdrugs:\tDoping\tin\tsport\nThe\tuse\tof\tperformance\tenhancement\tsubstances\tis\tnot\ta\tnew\tphenomenon\tin\tsports.\tAs\tearly\tas\n776\tbc\tthe\n\tGreek\tOlympians\twere\treported\tto\tuse\tsubstances\tsuch\tas\tdried\tfigs,\tmushrooms,\tand | [
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0.005758281331509352,
0.013828959316015244,
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0.04231027886271477,
0.07592630386352539,
0.027742572128772736,
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0.027403196319937706,
0.022165488451719284,
-0.028158443048596382,
0.027577264234423637,
-0... |
strychnine\tto\tperform\tbetter.\tTheir\tuse\tis\tprevalent\tin\tamateur\tand\tprofessional\tathletes,\treceiving\neven\tgreater\tattention\twith\tuse\tby\thigh-profile\taccomplished\tathletes\tsuch\tas\tLance\tArmstrong,\ndisqualification\tof\tsome\tprofessional\tathletes\tfor\tfailed\tdrug\ttests,\tand\tthe\tseizure\... | [
0.045264728367328644,
-0.019028257578611374,
0.06637822836637497,
-0.021827470511198044,
-0.08088912814855576,
0.033202480524778366,
0.10090741515159607,
0.01783175766468048,
-0.020453164353966713,
0.03034634329378605,
0.0821278914809227,
-0.004325063433498144,
0.04221075773239136,
0.01510... |
caught\twith\ttainted\n\tsupplements\t(\nPope\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nSince\t2004,\tthe\tWADA\thas\thad\ta\tlist\tof\tbanned\tdrugs\tfor\tathletes\twho\tcompete\tand\ta\tstrategy\tto\ndetect\tdrugs\tsuch\tas\tanabolic\tsteroids,\terythropoietin\t(EPO),\thuman\tgrowth\thormone\t(HGH),\tand\ninsulin-like\tgrowth\tfactor\t(IG... | [
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0.02566022425889969,
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0.018946457654237747,
0.08868884295225143,
0.02688758447766304,
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0.0859624519944191,
0.14274506270885468,
-0.03306896612048149,
0.02269602380692959,
0.0358733... |
suspected\tof\t(1)\tillegally\tenhancing\tathletic\tperformance,\t(2)\trepresenting\tan\tactual\n\tor\tpotential\nhealth\trisk\tto\tthe\tathlete,\tor\t(3)\tviolating\tthe\tspirit\tof\tthe\tsport.\nAs\tthe\tnumber\tof\tindividuals\tparticipating\tin\tdifferent\tsports\tincreases,\tso\tdoes\tthe\tvariety\tof | [
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0.014580251649022102,
0.10314324498176575,
0.002783999079838395,
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0.08926615864038467,
0.09101409465074539,
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0.021283742040395737,
0.04029... |
doping\tagents.\tAccording\tto\tWADA,\tthe\trate\tof\tuse\thas\tbeen\tfairly\tconsistent,\tsuggesting\ta\nprevalence\tof\tapproximately\t2%\tof\telite\tathletes.\tRates\tderived\tfrom\tself-reports\thave\tranged\tfrom\n1.2%\tto\t26%.\tBetween\t10%\n\tand\t24%\tof\tmale\tathletes\thave\treported\tthey\twould\tuse\tdopin... | [
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... |
and\t24%\tof\tmale\tathletes\thave\treported\tthey\twould\tuse\tdoping\tif\tit\nwould\thelp\tthem\tachieve\tbetter\tresults\twithout\tthe\trisk\tof\tconsequences,\twith\tan\tadditional\t5%\tto\n10%\tindicating\tpotential\tdoping\tbehavior\tregardless\tof\thealth\thazards.\nReasons\tgiven\tfor\tusing\tbanned\tsubstances... | [
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0.04521038383245468,
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0.08071822673082352,
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0.008978214114904404,
0.04952426627278328,
0.07960766553878784,
-0.06279277056455612,
0.02666495367884636,
0.058667... |
performance,\tfinancial\tgain,\timproving\trecovery,\tprevention\tof\tnutritional\n\tdeficiencies,\tand\tthe\tidea\nthat\tothers\tuse\tthem\tor\tthe\t“false\tconsensus\teffect.”\nSteroids\nAndrogenic-anabolic\tsteroids\t(AASs)\tcategorize\tall\tmale\tsex\tsteroid\thormones,\ttheir\tsynthetic | [
0.020894015207886696,
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0.0583408959209919,
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0.04203491285443306,
0.05305136740207672,
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0.06647763401269913,
0.06584637612104416,
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0.02038... |
derivatives,\tand\ttheir\tactive\tmetabolites\tused\tto\tenhance\tathletic\tperformance\tand\tappearance.\tAAS\nuse\twas\treported\tin\tthe\t1950\tOlympics\tand\twas\tbanned\tin\t1976.\tSteroids\tmay\tbe\tused\tas\toral\tor\nintramuscular\tpreparations.\nThe\tlegal\tand\tillegal\tuse\tof\tthese\tdrugs\tis\tincreasing\t... | [
0.020892785862088203,
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0.055843956768512726,
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0.018645819276571274,
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0.056094806641340256,
0.09029985219240189,
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0... |
increasing\tmuscle\tstrength,\tsize,\tand\tlibido.\tOriginally\tdesigned\tfor\ttherapeutic\tuses\tto\tprovide\nenhanced\tanabolic\tpotency,\tnontherapeutic\tuse\tof\tAAS\tis\tincreasing\tamong\tadolescents\tand\tfemales.\nAnecdotal\tevidence\tsuggests\twidespread\tuse\tof\tanabolic\tsteroids\tamong\tathletes\t(20%\tto\... | [
0.05371072515845299,
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0.03751334920525551,
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0.004160572309046984,
0.08316322416067123,
0.05908600240945816,
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0.06184907630085945,
0.10078310966491699,
-0.03217928111553192,
0.0009233177406713367,
0.036604... |
especially\n\tat\tthe\tprofessional\tand\telite\tamateur\tlevels.\tUse\tamong\thigh\tschool\tboys\tis\tapproximately\n5%\tto\t10%;\trates\tamong\tcollege\tathletes\tare\tslightly\thigher.\nAnabolic\teffects\n\tof\tAAS\tinclude\tincreased\tmuscle\tmass;\tincreased\tbone\tmineral\tdensity; | [
0.03708110377192497,
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0.07244406640529633,
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0.028639983385801315,
0.07665364444255829,
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0.005172064993530512,
0.0282939... |
increased\tblood\tcell\tproduction;\tdecreased\tbody\tfat;\tincreased\theart,\tliver,\tand\tkidney\tsize;\tvocal\ncord\tchanges;\tand\tincreased\tlibido.\tAnabolic\tsteroids\tincrease\n\tprotein\tsynthesis\tin\tskeletal\tmuscles\nand\treverse\tcatabolic\tprocesses;\thowever,\tincreased\tmuscle\tmass\tand\tstrength\tare... | [
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0.004782248288393021,
0.07178500294685364,
0.12220019847154617,
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0.01... |
athletes\twho\tmaintain\ta\thigh-protein,\thigh-calorie\tdiet\tduring\tsteroid\tadministration.\t\nAndrogenic\neffects\n\tare\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tsecondary\tsexual\tcharacteristics\tin\tmen,\tchanges\tin\tgenital\tsize\tand\nfunction,\tand\tgrowth\tof\tauxiliary\tpubic\tand\tfacial\thair.\tSome\n\tadverse\teffects\t... | [
0.027955347672104836,
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0.08229967206716537,
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0.1043858677148819,
0.018762702122330666,
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0.06085415557026863,
0.038273680955171585,
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0.024... |
Although\tsteroid\tuse\thas\tsome\tvalid\tmedical\tuses\t(e.g.,\tthe\ttreatment\tof\tdelayed\tpuberty,\tor\tbody\nwasting\tresulting\tfrom\tdisease),\tit\talso\thas\tadverse\tphysical\tand\temotional\tconsequences\tin\nadolescents,\tsuch\tas\tarrested\tbone\tgrowth,\tinternal\torgan\tdamage,\tfeminization\tin\tmales,\t... | [
0.020216193050146103,
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0.08143776655197144,
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0.0917920246720314,
0.13759975135326385,
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0.0... |
masculinization\tin\tfemales.\tIt\n\talso\tis\tassociated\twith\tother\thigh-risk\tbehaviors,\tsuch\tas\tthe\tuse\tof\nother\tillicit\tdrugs,\treduced\tinvolvement\tin\tschool,\tpoor\tacademic\tperformance,\tengaging\tin\nunprotected\tsex,\taggressive\tand\tcriminal\tbehavior,\tand\tsuicidal\tideation\tand\tattempted\t... | [
0.06460361182689667,
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0.05599205195903778,
0.004442204255610704,
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0.08466304838657379,
0.004227344878017902,
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0.06547635048627853,
0.11323436349630356,
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0.0262365210801363,
0.04791541... |
Erythropoietin\nEPO\tis\tused\tcommonly\tto\tpromote\tthe\tbody’s\tproduction\tof\tred\tblood\tcells\tin\tpatients\twith\tbone\nmarrow\tsuppression,\tsuch\n\tas\tpatients\twith\tleukemia,\tthose\twho\tare\treceiving\tchemotherapy,\tor\nthose\twith\trenal\tfailure\t(see\t\nChapters\t34\n\tand\t\n35\n).\tIn\tathletes,\ti... | [
0.005170528776943684,
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0.04716385528445244,
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0.01797817274928093,
0.10644291341304779,
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0.01803717389702797,
0.055581528693437576,
0.08775503188371658,
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0.05015483498573303,
0.022352... |
Chapters\t34\n\tand\t\n35\n).\tIn\tathletes,\tinjections\tincrease\tthe\tserum\nhematocrit\tand\toxygen-carrying\tcapacity\tof\tthe\tblood,\tand\tthus\tenhance\tVo\n2\nmax\tand\tendurance.\nEPO\tuse\tas\tan\tergogenic\taid\tis\tdifficult\tto\tdetect\tbecause\tit\tis\ta\thormone\tproduced\tby\tthe\tkidneys,\nalthough\tn... | [
0.010683420114219189,
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0.06543152779340744,
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0.03796403855085373,
0.11251984536647797,
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0.09914076328277588,
0.08774659037590027,
-0.024416834115982056,
0.04824428632855415,
0.01... |
although\tnewer\tblood\ttests\tcan\tdetect\tits\n\tuse.\tTypically,\tathletes\twith\televated\thematocrit\thave\tbeen\nbanned\tfrom\tendurance\tsports\tfor\tsuspected\tEPO\tmisuse;\thowever,\tdespite\tits\tban\tby\tthe\tIOC,\tit\tis\nstill\tcommonly\tabused.\tDrastically\thigh\thematocrit\tcombined\twith\texercise-indu... | [
0.027664383873343468,
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0.0729784294962883,
-0.02305353619158268,
-0.07796716690063477,
-0.04445357993245125,
0.12793326377868652,
-0.049653153866529465,
-0.003233106806874275,
0.05063163861632347,
0.07441141456365585,
-0.011130445636808872,
0.05655214563012123,
0.04977... |
lead\tto\tthick\tor\tviscous\tblood,\twhich\tcan\tlead\tto\tcoronary\tor\tcerebral\tvascular\tocclusions,\theart\nattack,\tor\tstroke.\tEPO\talso\tcan\tcause\televated\n\tblood\tpressure\tor\televated\tpotassium\tlevels.\nHuman\tgrowth\thormone\t(HGH)\n\thas\tmany\tfunctions\tin\tthe\tbody,\tand\tit\tis\tproduced\tnatu... | [
-0.04320555552840233,
-0.03816193714737892,
0.04963025823235512,
-0.035891711711883545,
-0.08307205140590668,
0.02946576476097107,
0.054488956928253174,
-0.007119009271264076,
-0.004313092213124037,
0.10891497880220413,
0.10893508046865463,
-0.03910991549491882,
0.03207313269376755,
0.0348... |
has\tmany\tfunctions\tin\tthe\tbody,\tand\tit\tis\tproduced\tnaturally\nthroughout\tlife.\tIt\tstimulates\tprotein\tsynthesis,\tenhances\tcarbohydrate\tand\tfat\tmetabolism,\thelps\tto\nmaintain\tsodium\tbalance,\tand\tstimulates\tbone\tand\tconnective\ttissue\tturnover.\tHGH\tproduction\ndecreases\twith\tage\tafter\tt... | [
0.014848824590444565,
-0.057013608515262604,
0.07078420370817184,
-0.022027822211384773,
-0.05944669619202614,
0.017078639939427376,
0.06721926480531693,
-0.010991798713803291,
0.002719193696975708,
0.08705565333366394,
0.11204075068235397,
-0.040562666952610016,
-0.0020646287593990564,
0.... |
affected\tby\tdiet,\tstress,\nexercise,\tnutrition,\tand\tmedications.\tHGH\tis\tbanned\tby\tthe\tIOC;\thowever,\tit\tcontinues\tto\tbe\tused\tby\nathletes.\tPotential\tside\teffects\tinclude\tskin\tchanges,\tdarkening\tof\tmoles,\tadverse\teffects\ton\tglucose\nand\tlipid\tmetabolism,\tand\tthe\tgrowth\tof\tbones\tas\... | [
0.035014763474464417,
-0.058398500084877014,
0.08901669830083847,
0.028120577335357666,
-0.05985788255929947,
0.013188401237130165,
0.07680152356624603,
0.019579797983169556,
-0.02332664653658867,
0.04643312469124794,
0.11181184649467468,
0.023339327424764633,
0.06672164797782898,
0.037482... |
boxy\tforehead.\nProhormones\tand\tsteroids\nProhormones\tare\tpopular\tamong\n\tbodybuilders,\tmany\tof\twhom\tbelieve\tthat\tthese\tprohormones\tare\nnatural\tboosters\tof\tanabolic\thormones.\tAndrostenedione,\t4-androstenediol,\t19-nor-4-\nandrostenedione,\t19-nor-4-androstenediol,\t7-keto\tdehydroepiandrosterone\t... | [
0.0002736432070378214,
-0.05899594724178314,
0.060958247631788254,
-0.03770793601870537,
-0.03262849152088165,
0.03836579620838165,
0.030380308628082275,
0.034937623888254166,
-0.025106824934482574,
0.051463209092617035,
0.10895522683858871,
-0.07076714932918549,
-0.05704713240265846,
0.01... |
DHEA\tare\tnaturally\tderived\tprecursors\tto\ttestosterone\tand\tother\tanabolic\tsteroids.\nAndrostenedione\nAndrostenedione\tis\ta\tprehormone,\tan\tinactive\tprecursor\tto\n\tfemale\testrogen\tand\tmale\ttestosterone.\nIt\thas\tabout\tone-seventh\tof\tthe\tactivity\tof\ttestosterone\tand\tis\ta\tprecursor\tthat\tdi... | [
0.0018302189419046044,
-0.0859185978770256,
0.05306607484817505,
-0.0609210804104805,
-0.136361762881279,
0.011915029026567936,
0.061599306762218475,
-0.0230177603662014,
-0.014408612623810768,
0.07776640355587006,
0.11417238414287567,
-0.02582901529967785,
-0.03288402408361435,
0.00716166... |
testosterone\tby\ta\tsingle\treaction.\tIt\tis\tproduced\tnaturally\tin\tthe\tbody\tfrom\teither\tDHEA\tor\t17-alpha-\nhydroxyprogesterone.\tSome\tresearchers\thave\tfound\tthat\ttaking\tandrostenedione\televates\ntestosterone\tmore\tthan\tDHEA\tdoes;\thowever,\tthe\tinduced\tincrease\tlasts\tonly\n\tseveral\thours\tan... | [
-0.032606713473796844,
-0.06577126681804657,
0.02725767344236374,
0.004490894265472889,
-0.07065463811159134,
0.02360859140753746,
0.06404982507228851,
-0.05032380297780037,
-0.08461219817399979,
0.10292430222034454,
0.0817820280790329,
-0.06042942404747009,
-0.05485278367996216,
0.0156051... |
several\thours\tand\nremains\tat\tpeak\tlevels\tfor\tjust\ta\tfew\tminutes.\tAcute\tor\tlong-term\tadministration\tof\ttestosterone\nprecursors\tdoes\tnot\teffectively\tincrease\tserum\ttestosterone\tlevels\tand\tfails\tto\tproduce\tany\nsignificant\tchanges\tin\tlean\tbody\tmass,\tmuscle\tstrength,\tor\tperformance\ti... | [
0.020316196605563164,
-0.06862250715494156,
0.042650915682315826,
-0.03279300779104233,
-0.11179950833320618,
0.026821589097380638,
0.06342782825231552,
0.008344300091266632,
0.009173234924674034,
0.07784996926784515,
0.1225939393043518,
-0.04172402247786522,
0.007878976874053478,
0.040944... |
Smurawa\tand\nCongeni,\t2007\n).\nAdverse\treactions\toccur\tin\tmale\tand\tfemale\tathletes,\tincluding\tmuscle\ttightness\n\tand\tcramps,\nincreased\tbody\tweight,\tacne,\tGI\tproblems,\tchanges\tin\tlibido,\tamenorrhea,\tliver\tdamage,\tand\tstunted\ngrowth\tin\tadolescents.\tConsumption\tof\ta\tprohormone\tsuppleme... | [
-0.02922765538096428,
-0.021946635097265244,
0.05739596113562584,
0.019971270114183426,
-0.11595853418111801,
0.024196188896894455,
0.12037459760904312,
0.03314032778143883,
-0.0007720316643826663,
0.04029332846403122,
0.10449656844139099,
-0.059046272188425064,
0.033434946089982986,
0.025... |
pituitary-gonadal\taxis.\tAndro-related\thormones\tmay\televate\tabnormally\testrogen-related\thormones\nand\talter\televations\tof\tserum\testrogen,\twhich\tis\tthought\tto\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tfor\tdeveloping\n\tprostate\nor\tpancreatic\tcancers.\tA\tsignificant\tdecline\tin\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\t(HDL)\toccurs... | [
0.012943807989358902,
-0.0658382922410965,
0.002607631264254451,
-0.005791486240923405,
-0.06016463786363602,
-0.008314773440361023,
0.07553677260875702,
0.01479856763035059,
-0.026567716151475906,
0.08897032588720322,
0.12453871220350266,
-0.05421451851725578,
-0.026076992973685265,
0.007... |
increased\tcardiovascular\tdisease\trisk.\tTherefore\ttaking\tandrostenedione\tmay\tbe\tirresponsible\nbecause\tof\tthe\tpotential\trisks\tassociated\twith\tlong-term\tuse.\tUntil\tthere\tis\tscientific\tsupport\tfor\tits\nuse,\tandrostenedione\tshould\tnot\tbe\tsold\tunder\tthe\tassumption\tthat\tit\tis\teither\tan\te... | [
0.02428172342479229,
-0.09489846229553223,
0.0580977126955986,
0.007904686033725739,
-0.07792693376541138,
0.02328616939485073,
0.07468444108963013,
0.036560483276844025,
-0.002862383844330907,
0.07784418016672134,
0.09241019934415817,
-0.029896356165409088,
-0.014303402043879032,
0.039910... |
or\ta\tsafe\nathletic\tergogenic\taid.\tClearly,\tadolescents\tand\twomen\tof\tchildbearing\tage\tshould\tnot\tuse\tit.\tIn\t1998\nandrostenedione\twas\tadded\tto\tthe\tlist\tof\tbanned\tsubstances\tby\tthe\tIOC\tand\tseveral\tamateur\tand\nprofessional\torganizations,\tincluding\tthe\tNFL\tand\tthe\tNCAA.\nDehydroepia... | [
-0.012195836752653122,
-0.04219134896993637,
0.07578384876251221,
0.004140166100114584,
-0.07134899497032166,
-0.010098830796778202,
0.09438973665237427,
-0.012580127455294132,
-0.017073897644877434,
0.06172114238142967,
0.11831875145435333,
-0.0363985113799572,
-0.02230287902057171,
0.022... |
Dehydroepiandrosterone\t(DHEA)\n\tis\ta\tweak\tandrogen\tand\tproduct\tof\tdehydroandrosterone-3-\nsulfate\t(DHEA-S)\tand\tis\tused\tto\televate\ttestosterone\n\tlevels.\tIt\tis\ta\tprecursor\tto\tmore\tpotent\ntestosterone\tand\tdihydrotestosterone.\tAlthough\tDHEA-S\tis\tthe\tmost\tabundant\tcirculating\tadrenal | [
-0.04502371326088905,
-0.04369465634226799,
0.03533416986465454,
-0.054157987236976624,
-0.09728289395570755,
0.011710845865309238,
0.0025598949287086725,
0.05607937276363373,
-0.020200679078698158,
0.02244422398507595,
0.11438563466072083,
-0.03584792837500572,
-0.06961984932422638,
-0.02... |
hormone\tin\thumans,\tits\tphysiologic\trole\tis\tpoorly\tunderstood.\tDHEA\thas\tbeen\tlabeled\tthe\t“fountain\nof\tyouth”\thormone\tbecause\tits\tlevels\tpeak\tduring\tearly\tadulthood.\tThe\tdecline\twith\taging\thas\tbeen\nassociated\twith\tincreased\tfat\taccumulation\tand\trisk\tof\theart\n\tdisease.\tSeveral\tst... | [
0.03280983865261078,
-0.09770441800355911,
0.08195919543504715,
0.013535628095269203,
-0.11348502337932587,
0.00020403452799655497,
0.07267826795578003,
-0.043224383145570755,
-0.037163153290748596,
0.10066144168376923,
0.09171890467405319,
-0.057280123233795166,
-0.037255529314279556,
0.0... |
disease.\tSeveral\tstudies\thave\tsuggested\na\tpositive\tcorrelation\tbetween\tincreased\tplasma\tlevels\tof\tDHEA\tand\timproved\tvigor,\thealth,\tand\nwell-being\tin\tpersons\twho\trange\tin\tage\tfrom\t40\tto\t80\tyears.\tBy\tdecreasing\tcortisol\toutput\tfrom\tthe\nliver\tby\t50%,\tDHEA\tcould\thave\tan\tanabolic\... | [
0.014693700708448887,
-0.04488648474216461,
0.049541011452674866,
0.01716899685561657,
-0.1103602945804596,
0.0035372197162359953,
0.13275158405303955,
0.012590858153998852,
-0.036357831209897995,
0.07373225688934326,
0.12685845792293549,
-0.06977512687444687,
0.039442818611860275,
0.03253... |
liver\tby\t50%,\tDHEA\tcould\thave\tan\tanabolic\teffect.\nDHEA\tsupplementation\tdoes\tnot\tincrease\ttestosterone\tlevels\tor\tincrease\tstrength\tin\tmen,\tbut\tit\nmay\tincrease\ttestosterone\n\tlevels\tin\twomen\twith\ta\tvirilizing\teffect.\tBecause\tDHEA\tcan\ttake\tseveral\ndifferent\thormonal\tpathways,\tthe\t... | [
0.009526967070996761,
-0.09521961212158203,
0.06231023743748665,
0.013800992630422115,
-0.11022506654262543,
-0.014829752966761589,
0.06391200423240662,
-0.010764643549919128,
-0.062205418944358826,
0.02656828984618187,
0.11215707659721375,
-0.054963402450084686,
0.03552781417965889,
-0.00... |
levels\tof\tother\thormones.\tIt\tcan\ttake\tseveral\troutes\tin\tthe\tbody\tand\tinteract\twith\tcertain\tenzymes\nalong\tthe\tsex-steroid\tpathway.\tThus\tit\tcan\tturn\tinto\tless\tdesirable\tbyproducts\tof\ttestosterone,\nincluding\tdihydrotestosterone,\n\twhich\tis\tassociated\twith\tmale-pattern\tbaldness,\tprost... | [
-0.017246145755052567,
-0.07244371622800827,
0.01510372944176197,
-0.06482909619808197,
-0.10738275945186615,
0.016793593764305115,
0.03554026409983635,
0.04356138035655022,
-0.06384022533893585,
0.045121219009160995,
0.09441771358251572,
-0.07075749337673187,
-0.02017417922616005,
0.03106... |
enlargement,\tand\tacne.\nThe\tbenefits\tof\ttaking\tDHEA\tfor\tsports\tperformance\thave\tnot\tbeen\tclearly\testablished,\tand\tthe\neffects\tof\tchronic\tDHEA\tingestion\tare\tnot\tknown.\tLong-term\tsafety\thas\tnot\tbeen\testablished,\tand\nthere\tare\tconcerns\tthat\tchronic\tuse\tin\tmen\tmay\tworsen\tprostate\t... | [
0.02238132432103157,
-0.032650187611579895,
0.08323816955089569,
-0.017972730100154877,
-0.08691312372684479,
0.00923310499638319,
0.08799132704734802,
0.012811392545700073,
-0.01888265274465084,
0.07435430586338043,
0.11408770829439163,
-0.018264098092913628,
0.011722906492650509,
0.01613... |
23\nNutrition\tand\tbone\thealth\nKaren\tChapman-Novakofski,\tPhD,\tRDN,\tLDN,\tRickelle\tRichards,\tPhD,\tMPH,\tRDN\nKEY\tTERMS\n7-dehydrocholesterol\n25-hydroxy\tvitamin\tD\t(calcidiol)\n1,\t25-dihydroxy\tvitamin\tD\n3\n\t(calcitriol)\nbisphosphonates\nbone\tdensitometry\nbone\tmineral\tcontent\t(BMC)\nbone\tmineral\... | [
-0.04496036842465401,
-0.12922105193138123,
-0.013393504545092583,
-0.058203261345624924,
-0.10125920921564102,
-0.027663573622703552,
0.010712431743741035,
0.0819973424077034,
-0.036852214485406876,
0.02929002046585083,
0.07527925074100494,
-0.04092076048254967,
0.04132016748189926,
-0.03... |
bone\tmodeling\nbone\tremodeling\nbone\tresorption\ncalcium\thomeostasis\ncalcitonin\ncancellous\tbone\ncollagen\ncortical\tbone\nestrogen\tagonists\nestrogen\treceptor\t(ER)\nhydroxyapatite\nhyponatremia\nosteoblast\nosteocalcin\nosteoclast\nosteocytes\nosteoid\nosteomalacia\nosteopenia\nosteoporosis\nparathyroid\thor... | [
-0.036044973880052567,
-0.04462147876620293,
0.006315656006336212,
0.0035352003760635853,
-0.08747215569019318,
-0.05331573635339737,
-0.01149152684956789,
0.06999897956848145,
-0.05541599914431572,
0.10101111233234406,
0.00759606808423996,
0.029805535450577736,
0.02232707478106022,
0.0079... |
parathyroid\thormone\t(PTH)\npeak\tbone\tmass\t(PBM)\nprimary\tosteoporosis\nsarcopenia\nsecondary\tosteoporosis\nselective\testrogen\treceptor\tmodulator\t(SERM)\ntrabecular\tbone\nIntroduction\nAdequate\tnutrition\tis\tessential\tfor\tthe\tdevelopment\tand\tmaintenance\tof\tthe\tskeleton.\tAlthough\ndiseases\tof\tthe... | [
0.0048361956141889095,
-0.04945988580584526,
0.010533975437283516,
-0.007393066771328449,
-0.0807458907365799,
0.004563148599117994,
0.017683060839772224,
0.02761468105018139,
-0.05416138470172882,
0.10916128754615784,
0.12126456201076508,
0.011717482469975948,
0.0028696407098323107,
0.034... |
diseases\tof\tthe\tbone\tsuch\tas\tosteoporosis\tand\t\nosteomalacia\n\t(a\tcondition\tof\timpaired\tmineralization\ncaused\tby\tvitamin\tD\tand\tcalcium\tdeficiency)\thave\tcomplex\tcauses,\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tthese\ndiseases\tcan\tbe\tminimized\tby\tproviding\tadequate\tnutrients\tthroughout\tthe\tlife\tcycle.\tOf... | [
-0.014591665007174015,
-0.04732926934957504,
0.03203919157385826,
0.016042187809944153,
-0.07300470769405365,
0.029510047286748886,
0.06927456706762314,
0.03256708383560181,
-0.06183462589979172,
0.08621670305728912,
0.08805450797080994,
0.011185737326741219,
0.037982646375894547,
0.013650... |
diseases,\tosteoporosis\n\tis\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tand\tdestructive\tof\tproductivity\tand\tquality\tof\tlife.\tAs\ttrue\nof\tmany\tchronic\tdiseases,\tsigns\tand\tsymptoms\tof\tosteoporosis\tbecome\tmore\tevident\tin\tolder\tage.\nAs\tmore\tadults\treach\tolder\tages,\tosteoporosis\twith\tresulting\thip,\twrist,\tand\t... | [
0.005511520430445671,
-0.022742055356502533,
0.04122121259570122,
0.0022558821365237236,
-0.07259228080511093,
-0.001568022184073925,
0.0738438069820404,
0.011657746508717537,
-0.04883692413568497,
0.08517957478761673,
0.05793892219662666,
-0.020336516201496124,
0.013504455797374249,
0.009... |
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