0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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van\tder\tWal\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nMagnesium\nMagnesium\tdeficiency\tis\tcommon\tin\tpatients\twith\tHF\tas\ta\tresult\tof\tpoor\tdietary\tintake\tand\tthe\tuse\nof\tdiuretics,\tincluding\tfurosemide.\tAs\n\twith\tpotassium,\tthe\tdiuretics\tused\tto\ttreat\tHF\tincrease\nmagnesium\texcretion.\tMagnesium\tdeficiency\tag... | [
0.0027180034667253494,
-0.052211642265319824,
0.012760555371642113,
-0.03417336195707321,
-0.08395566046237946,
-0.034049052745103836,
0.10246609896421432,
0.0741070881485939,
0.004677507560700178,
0.01299391407519579,
0.1147565096616745,
-0.015663037076592445,
0.05402987822890282,
0.03149... |
causing\ta\tpositive\tsodium\tand\tnegative\tpotassium\tbalance.\tBecause\tdeficient\tmagnesium\tstatus\tis | [
-0.007406871300190687,
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0.015596079640090466,
0.03036806359887123,
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0.017349092289805412,
0.034843817353248596,
0.05119840428233147,
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0.052554115653038025,
0.09240229427814484,
-0.007262200582772493,
0.02074260264635086,
0.04379... |
associated\twith\tpoorer\tprognosis,\tblood\tmagnesium\tlevels\tshould\tbe\tmeasured\tin\tHF\tpatients\tand\ntreated\taccordingly.\tPoor\tdietary\tintake\tof\tmagnesium\thas\tbeen\n\tassociated\twith\televated\ths-CRP,\ta\nproduct\tof\tinflammation.\tHypermagnesemia\tmay\tbe\tfound\tin\tsome\tcases\tof\trenal\tfailure,... | [
0.008235246874392033,
-0.032016463577747345,
0.006263955030590296,
-0.02489149384200573,
-0.046004366129636765,
0.0027821564581245184,
0.07402434200048447,
0.07910165935754776,
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0.10512012243270874,
0.014612019993364811,
0.08153858035802841,
0.01... |
high\tdoses\tof\tfurosemide.\nThiamin\nPatients\twith\tHF\tare\tat\trisk\tfor\tthiamin\tdeficiency\tbecause\tof\tpoor\tfood\tintake;\tuse\tof\tloop\tdiuretics,\nwhich\tincreases\texcretion;\tand\tadvanced\tage.\tThiamin\tis\ta\trequired\tcoenzyme\tin\tthe\tenergy-\nproducing\treactions\tthat\tfuel\tmyocardial\n\tcontra... | [
0.010400245897471905,
-0.09569280594587326,
0.02936505153775215,
-0.020159807056188583,
-0.07440938800573349,
-0.038767337799072266,
0.10463771969079971,
0.10715499520301819,
-0.019816886633634567,
0.028698651120066643,
0.0925266221165657,
-0.040111441165208817,
0.027518780902028084,
0.029... |
contraction.\tTherefore\tthiamin\tdeficiency\tcan\tcause\ndecreased\tenergy\tand\tweaker\theart\tcontractions.\tStudies\thave\tshown\tthiamin\tdeficiency\tto\tbe\nassociated\twith\tHF,\tin\tgreat\tpart\tdue\tto\tthe\teffect\tof\tcommonly\tused\tmedications.\tLoop\tdiuretics\n(e.g.,\tfurosemide)\tcan\tdeplete\tbody\tthi... | [
0.03911986202001572,
-0.11626649647951126,
0.055620335042476654,
-0.044662170112133026,
-0.11370985954999924,
-0.0012828907929360867,
0.10527119785547256,
0.08404238522052765,
0.006073219235986471,
0.04670106619596481,
0.10787885636091232,
-0.01538946945220232,
0.055439338088035583,
0.0578... |
thiamin\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\timprove\tcardiac\tfunction,\turine\n\toutput,\tweight\tloss,\tand\tsigns\tand\nsymptoms\tof\tHF\t(\nDiNicolantonio\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tThiamin\tdeficiency\tis\tdiagnosed\tusing\terythrocyte\nthiamin\tpyrophosphate.\tThiamin\tstatus\tshould\tbe\tassessed\tin\tHF\tpatients\ton\tloop\tdiuret... | [
-0.020704248920083046,
-0.049645598977804184,
0.03421254828572273,
-0.0214884951710701,
-0.10929925739765167,
-0.035149894654750824,
0.0983370840549469,
0.11262141168117523,
-0.04950686916708946,
0.022238045930862427,
0.06737612187862396,
-0.01430565770715475,
0.029899820685386658,
0.04919... |
appropriate\tsupplementation\trecommended\tif\tnecessary.\tThiamin\tsupplementation\t(e.g.,\t100\nmg/day)\tcan\timprove\tleft\tventricular\tejection\tfraction\t(fraction\tof\tblood\tpumped\tout\n\tof\tthe\tventricles\nwith\teach\theartbeat)\tand\tsymptoms.\nVitamin\tD\nPatients\twith\ta\tpolymorphism\tof\tthe\tvitamin\... | [
0.029332242906093597,
-0.07856948673725128,
0.060042381286621094,
-0.03818494826555252,
-0.14125214517116547,
-0.01118777971714735,
0.05780536308884621,
0.021601028740406036,
-0.02085537277162075,
0.04640073701739311,
0.08248280733823776,
-0.033010270446538925,
0.05966118350625038,
0.02742... |
patients\twithout\tthis\tgenotype.\tVitamin\tD\tmay\timprove\tinflammation\tin\tHF\tpatients\t(\nVieth\tand\nKimball,\t2006\n).\tIn\ta\tdouble-blind,\trandomized,\tplacebo-controlled\ttrial,\tsupplementation\twith\nvitamin\tD\t(50\tmcg\tor\t2000\tinternational\tunits\n\tof\tvitamin\tD\n3\n\tper\tday)\tfor\t9\tmonths\ti... | [
-0.028248954564332962,
-0.07723145186901093,
0.028854703530669212,
-0.018327957019209862,
-0.09803878515958786,
0.0039413622580468655,
0.10387444496154785,
0.11131670325994492,
-0.025089068338274956,
0.013766719959676266,
0.08110978454351425,
0.02530132792890072,
0.027420789003372192,
0.01... |
of\tvitamin\tD\n3\n\tper\tday)\tfor\t9\tmonths\tincreased\tthe\nantiinflammatory\tcytokine\tIL-10\tand\tdecreased\tthe\tproinflammatory\tfactors\tin\tHF\tpatients\n(\nSchleithoff\tet\tal,\t2006\n).\tAs\ta\tsteroid\thormone,\tvitamin\tD\tregulates\tgene\texpression\tand\tinversely\nregulates\trenin\tsecretion\t(\nMeems\... | [
0.007924429140985012,
-0.06333669275045395,
0.054965849965810776,
-0.05334518477320671,
-0.09453290700912476,
0.03579005226492882,
0.09875349700450897,
0.0649026483297348,
0.02200298383831978,
0.02792249247431755,
0.10289064049720764,
-0.023146089166402817,
0.03176470845937729,
0.037464987... |
).\tWith\tthe\trecent\tstudy\tshowing\ta\trelationship\tbetween\nvitamin\tD\tdeficiency\tand\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tHF\t(\nPorto,\t2018\n),\tthe\tcase\tfor\tsupplementation\tof\nvitamin\tD\tis\tnow\tstronger.\nCardiac\ttransplantation\nCardiomyopathies\trepresent\ta\theterogeneous\tgroup\tof\tdiseases\tthat\toften\tlea... | [
-0.005082631483674049,
-0.09994157403707504,
0.04503690078854561,
-0.04074641689658165,
-0.04762160778045654,
0.008423089981079102,
0.04444431513547897,
0.04328218102455139,
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0.053598206490278244,
0.0975588783621788,
-0.013811166398227215,
0.037509676069021225,
0.03014... |
types\tinclude\tdilated\tcardiomyopathy,\thypertrophic\tcardiomyopathy,\trestrictive\tcardiomyopathy,\tand\narrhythmogenic\tright\tventricular\tcardiomyopathy\t(\nWexler\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\tCardiac\ttransplantation\tis\tthe\nonly\tcure\n\tfor\trefractory,\tend-stage\tHF.\tBecause\tthe\tnumber\tof\tdonor\thearts\tis\tli... | [
-0.002764334436506033,
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0.06274523586034775,
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-0.09831412881612778,
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0.038724541664123535,
0.05738810449838638,
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0.03883310779929161,
0.08707673847675323,
-0.017609842121601105,
0.01005876250565052,
0.07... |
selection\tof\trecipients\twith\tconsideration\tof\tthe\tlikelihood\tfor\tadherence\tto\tlifelong\ttherapeutic\nregimen\tand\ttheir\tquality\tof\tlife\tis\timperative.\tNutrition\tsupport\tbefore\tand\tafter\ttransplantation\tis\ncrucial\tto\tdecrease\tmorbidity\tand\tmortality.\tThus\tthe\tnutrition\tcare\tof\tthe\the... | [
0.0427316389977932,
-0.0700417160987854,
0.04729323461651802,
-0.0016051932470872998,
-0.09096591174602509,
0.018777944147586823,
0.08370093256235123,
0.020190417766571045,
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0.037832971662282944,
0.1005970910191536,
0.015631139278411865,
0.007173638325184584,
0.04544... |
can\tbe\tdivided\n\tinto\tthree\tphases:\tpretransplant,\timmediate\tposttransplant,\tand\tlong-term\nposttransplant.\nPretransplant\tmedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\nA\tcomprehensive\tnutrition\tassessment\tof\tthe\tpretransplant\tpatient\tshould\tinclude\ta\thistory,\tphysical\nand\tanthropometric\tassessment,\tand\tbioc... | [
0.05975250154733658,
-0.04286374896764755,
0.06693462282419205,
-0.01807444728910923,
-0.1141994446516037,
0.008748549968004227,
0.06688854843378067,
0.029866624623537064,
-0.009060125797986984,
0.03470493480563164,
0.06970096379518509,
-0.0027748988941311836,
0.029477806761860847,
0.02921... |
transplantation\tinclude\trestricting\talcohol\tconsumption,\tlosing\tweight,\n\texercising,\tquitting\tsmoking,\nand\teating\ta\tlow-sodium\tdiet\t(\nWexler\tet\tal,\t2009\n).\tExtremes\tin\tbody\tweight\t(less\tthan\t80%\tor\tmore\nthan\t140%\tof\tideal\tbody\tweight)\tincrease\tthe\tpatient’s\trisk\tfor\tinfection,\... | [
-0.06724115461111069,
-0.06227236986160278,
0.06405091285705566,
0.00304630515165627,
-0.0796838253736496,
-0.02770918793976307,
0.10652842372655869,
0.04723098501563072,
-0.07971014827489853,
-0.024876084178686142,
0.10010138154029846,
-0.04081884026527405,
0.05415963754057884,
0.03414816... |
higher\tmortality.\tPretransplant\tcomorbidities\tsuch\tas\thyperlipidemia\tand\thypertension\talso\treduce\nsurvival\trates.\tIf\toral\tintake\tis\tinadequate,\tan\tenteral\tfeeding\tshould\n\tbe\ttailored\tto\tthe\tnutritional\nand\tcomorbid\tconditions\tof\tthe\tpatient.\nImmediate\tposttransplant\tnutrition\tsuppor... | [
0.02854171209037304,
-0.03181793540716171,
0.05204235762357712,
0.011570613831281662,
-0.06784502416849136,
0.032866235822439194,
0.08658497780561447,
0.0500202439725399,
-0.018672822043299675,
0.030942460522055626,
0.09508529305458069,
0.0002639863232616335,
0.030073482543230057,
0.022765... |
Immediate\tposttransplant\tnutrition\tsupport\nNutrition\tguidelines\tare\tconsistent\tfor\tall\ttypes\tof\torgan\ttransplants\tand\tnot\tspecific\tjust\tto\theart\ntransplants\t(\nTable\t32.8\n).\tThe\tnutritional\tgoals\tin\tthe\tacute\tposttransplant\tpatient\tare\tto\t(1)\tprovide\nadequate\tprotein\tand\tcalories\... | [
-0.03657098487019539,
0.00029695325065404177,
0.05943513661623001,
0.009054356254637241,
-0.09096542000770569,
0.021592475473880768,
0.08031095564365387,
0.0707906112074852,
-0.004013472702354193,
0.03256518021225929,
0.12638932466506958,
0.010369633324444294,
0.032082781195640564,
0.03988... |
monitor\tand\tcorrect\nelectrolyte\tabnormalities,\tand\t(3)\tachieve\toptimal\tblood\tglucose\tcontrol\t(\nHasse,\t2015\n).\tIn\tthe\nimmediate\tposttransplant\tperiod\tnutrient\tneeds\tare\tincreased,\tas\tis\tthe\tcase\tafter\tany\tmajor\tsurgery.\nProtein\tneeds\tare\tincreased\tbecause\tof\tsteroid-induced\tcatabo... | [
-0.009311117231845856,
-0.042554616928100586,
0.030501222237944603,
-0.036024656146764755,
-0.055929455906152725,
0.01757507584989071,
0.1212148666381836,
0.09811903536319733,
-0.002137749455869198,
0.06529190391302109,
0.08927463740110397,
-0.028149954974651337,
0.025987155735492706,
0.05... |
TABLE\t32.8\nPosttransplant\tNutrient\tRecommendations\nNutrient\nShort-Term\tRecommendations\nLong-Term\tRecommendations\nCalories\n120%-140%\tof\tBEE\t(30-35\tkcal/kg)\tor\nmeasure\tREE\nMaintenance:\t120%-130%\tBEE\t(20-30\nkcal/kg)\tdepending\ton\tactivity\tlevel\nProtein\n1.3-2\tg/kg/day\n1\tg/kg/day\nCarbohydrate... | [
0.026784315705299377,
-0.012218669056892395,
0.00041851933929137886,
0.06052980571985245,
-0.10793868452310562,
-0.015858173370361328,
0.005381914786994457,
0.06654439121484756,
-0.05402297154068947,
0.03905165567994118,
0.08104120194911957,
-0.1189359575510025,
0.00413121934980154,
-0.012... |
Carbohydrate\n∼50%\tof\tcalories\nRestrict\tsimple\tsugars\tif\tglucose\tlevel\nelevated\n∼50%\tof\tcalories\nRestrict\tsimple\tsugars\tand\tencourage\nhigh-fiber\tcomplex\tcarbohydrate\nchoices\nFat\n30%\tof\tcalories\t(or\thigher\twith\tsevere\nhyperglycemia)\n≤30%\tof\ttotal\tcalories\n<10%\tof\tcalories\tas\tsatura... | [
-0.01543305441737175,
-0.07801098376512527,
0.016892027109861374,
0.05867703631520271,
-0.08151968568563461,
-0.05565186217427254,
0.03219965472817421,
0.08372761309146881,
-0.06790953129529953,
-0.016079401597380638,
0.05193372815847397,
-0.06934928894042969,
-0.011261025443673134,
0.0379... |
Calcium\n1200\tmg/day\n1200-1500\tmg/day\t(consider\tthe\tneed\tfor\nestrogen\tor\tvitamin\tD\tsupplements)\nSodium\n2\tg/day\n2\tg/day\nMagnesium\nand\nphosphorus\nEncourage\tintake\tof\tfoods\thigh\tin\tthese\nnutrients\nSupplement\tas\tneeded\nEncourage\tintake\tof\tfoods\thigh\tin\tthese\nnutrients\nSupplement\n\ta... | [
-0.0025740968994796276,
-0.032825153321027756,
0.041233014315366745,
0.04639093205332756,
-0.04964199289679527,
-0.024599339812994003,
0.06292463093996048,
0.03131452947854996,
-0.07606116682291031,
0.02760305441915989,
0.10226988047361374,
-0.09086833894252777,
0.04396454617381096,
-0.022... |
Supplement\n\tas\tneeded\nPotassium\nSupplement\tor\trestrict\tbased\ton\tserum\npotassium\tlevels\nSupplement\tor\trestrict\tbased\ton\tserum\npotassium\tlevels\nOther\nvitamins\nand\nminerals\nMultivitamin/mineral–supplement\tto\tRDI\nlevels\nMay\tneed\tadditional\tsupplements\tto\nreplete\tsuspected\tor\tconfirmed\n... | [
-0.05685385316610336,
-0.0669708326458931,
0.029206179082393646,
0.03413025662302971,
-0.0014882470713928342,
-0.0282448697835207,
0.04539899900555611,
0.05005379021167755,
-0.05604739487171173,
-0.009117196314036846,
0.09164179116487503,
0.002401733072474599,
0.020295610651373863,
-0.0458... |
deficiencies\nMultivitamin/mineral–supplement\tto\tRDI\nlevels\nMay\tneed\tadditional\tsupplements\tto\nreplete\tsuspected\tor\tconfirmed\ndeficiencies\nOther\nAvoid\tcomplementary\tor\talternative\nproducts\twithout\tproven\tsafety\tand\neffectiveness\tin\ttransplant\tpatients\nAvoid\tcomplementary\tor\talternative\np... | [
-0.035317499190568924,
-0.009447986260056496,
0.04378271475434303,
0.03793545439839363,
-0.059148188680410385,
-0.010300811380147934,
0.051261164247989655,
0.07925273478031158,
-0.11536170542240143,
-0.045896563678979874,
0.06394024938344955,
-0.03670720010995865,
0.00540354335680604,
0.00... |
Avoid\tcomplementary\tor\talternative\nproducts\twithout\tproven\tsafety\tand\neffectiveness\tin\ttransplant\tpatients\nBEE\n,\tBasal\tenergy\texpenditure;\t\nRDI\n,\treference\tdaily\tintake;\t\nREE\n,\tresting\tenergy\texpenditure.\nPatients\tprogress\tfrom\tclear\tliquids\tto\ta\tsoft\tdiet\tgiven\tin\n\tsmall,\tfre... | [
0.002957188757136464,
-0.0042296405881643295,
0.08064653724431992,
-0.013591038063168526,
-0.06819681823253632,
0.024820838123559952,
0.13419699668884277,
0.0628068596124649,
-0.05112040787935257,
-0.014533020555973053,
0.10772144794464111,
-0.024584542959928513,
0.052321068942546844,
0.05... |
small,\tfrequent\tfeedings.\tEnteral\tfeeding\nmay\tbe\tappropriate\tin\tthe\tshort\tterm,\tespecially\tif\tcomplications\tarise.\tNutrient\tintake\tis\toften\nmaintained\tby\tusing\tliquid\tsupplements\tand\tfoods\tof\thigh\tcaloric\tdensity,\tespecially\tin\tpatients\twith\npoor\tappetite.\tWeight\tgain\tto\tan\tidea... | [
0.03692423924803734,
-0.019651588052511215,
0.08081484586000443,
0.05482326075434685,
-0.11400631070137024,
-0.01891581527888775,
0.09003468602895737,
0.01941029354929924,
-0.06041046604514122,
0.010423030704259872,
0.10005063563585281,
-0.036788955330848694,
0.012591046281158924,
-0.00269... |
before\ttransplant.\tThe\tincrease\tin\tcardiac\tfunction\thelps\n\tto\thalt\tthe\tpresurgical\tcachectic\tstate.\nHyperglycemia\tcan\tbe\texacerbated\tby\tthe\tstress\tof\tthe\tsurgery\tand\tthe\timmunosuppressive\tdrug\nregimen.\tDietary\tadjustments\tcan\tbe\tmade\tto\taid\tin\tglucose\tcontrol\t(see\t\nTable\t32.8\... | [
-0.004254459869116545,
-0.02604629658162594,
0.08126546442508698,
-0.01963970810174942,
-0.10819908231496811,
0.03683728724718094,
0.07156898826360703,
0.04030195251107216,
0.011731431819498539,
0.06213044375181198,
0.10406113415956497,
0.0008515252266079187,
0.06625833362340927,
0.0231858... |
Table\t32.8\n).\nLong-term\tposttransplant\tnutrition\tsupport\nComorbid\tconditions\tthat\toften\toccur\tafter\ttransplantation\tinclude\thypertension,\texcessive\tweight\ngain,\thyperlipidemia,\tosteoporosis,\n\tand\tinfection.\tHypertension\tis\tmanaged\tby\tdiet,\texercise,\tand\nmedications.\tMinimizing\texcessive... | [
0.015472183004021645,
-0.020497797057032585,
0.029641341418027878,
0.03643808513879776,
-0.03782099485397339,
0.004379284102469683,
0.029834812507033348,
0.05540166795253754,
-0.06434156000614166,
0.00939740426838398,
0.07998929172754288,
-0.003208005800843239,
0.048187438398599625,
-0.013... |
after\ttransplantation\tare\tat\thigher\trisk\tfor\trejection\tand\tlower\trates\tof\tsurvival.\nIncreases\tin\ttotal\tLDL\tcholesterol\tand\ttriglycerides\tare\ta\tconsequence\tof\timmunosuppressive\tdrug\ntherapy\tand\tincrease\tthe\trisk\tof\tHF\tafter\ttransplantation.\n\tAlong\twith\ta\theart-healthy\tdiet,\tpatie... | [
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0.004794... |
Along\twith\ta\theart-healthy\tdiet,\tpatients\nalso\tneed\ta\tlipid-lowering\tdrug\tregimen\tto\tnormalize\tblood\tlipids.\tStatins\tare\trecommended\tin\tthe\nearly\tand\tlong-term\tpostoperative\tperiods.\tBecause\tof\ttheir\tLDL-lowering\teffect,\tstanols\tor\tsterols\nmay\tbe\thelpful\tto\treduce\tstatin\tdosages\... | [
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0.03498132899403572,
-0.013947... |
may\tbe\thelpful\tto\treduce\tstatin\tdosages\t(\nGoldberg\tet\tal,\t2006\n).\nBefore\ttransplantation,\tpatients\tare\tlikely\tto\thave\tosteopenia\tbecause\tof\ttheir\tlack\tof\tactivity\n\tand\ncardiac\tcachexia.\tAfter\ttransplantation,\tpatients\tare\tsusceptible\tto\tsteroid-induced\tosteoporosis. | [
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0.048... |
Patients\trequire\toptimal\tcalcium\tand\tvitamin\tD\tintake\tto\tslow\tbone\tloss;\tweight-bearing\texercise\tand\nantiresorptive\tdrug\ttherapy\tare\toften\tnecessary.\tInfection\tmust\tbe\tavoided\tbecause\tof\tthe\tnecessity\nof\tlifelong\tuse\tof\timmunosuppressive\tdrugs.\tFood\tsafety\tshould\tbe\tdiscussed.\nCL... | [
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CLINICAL\tCASE\n\t\nSTUDY\nTom\tis\ta\t55-year-old\tsingle\twhite\tman\twith\thypertension\t(blood\tpressure\t145/92\tmmHg),\thigh\nlow-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\t(241\tmg/dL),\tand\tlow\thigh-density\tlipoprotein\tcholesterol\t(38\nmg/dL)\tand\ta\tC-reactive\tprotein\t(CRP)\tof\t4mg/L.\tHe\thas\ta\tstrong\tfam... | [
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0.01... |
He\treports\tthat\the\toften\teats\tin\this\tcar,\tso\the\tfrequents\tfast-food\trestaurants.\tHe\tworks\tlong\nhours\tand,\n\tother\tthan\tgardening\ton\tthe\tweekends,\the\tdoes\tnot\texercise.\tHe\tis\t5’10”\tand\t220\tlb\nwith\ta\tBMI\tof\t31.6.\tHis\tbreakfast\tis\tusually\ta\tcheese-egg\tbiscuit,\tbacon,\tand\tco... | [
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0.09314051270484924,
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-0.0155... |
cream.\tLunch\tis\toften\ta\tbean\tand\tcheese\tburrito\tand\tice\tcream.\tHis\tfavorite\tdinner\tis\tfried\nchicken,\tmashed\tpotatoes\twith\tgravy,\tcollards\tsautéed\twith\tbacon\tfat,\tand\tpie.\nNutrition\tdiagnostic\tstatements\n•\n\tIntake\n\tof\ttypes\tof\tfats\tinconsistent\twith\tneeds\t(saturated\tfat)\t(NI-... | [
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0.06357680261135101,
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0.012899365276098251,
-0.022... |
food\ton\tthe\trun\tand\tbusy\tschedule\tas\tevidenced\tby\tunfavorable\tcholesterol\tprofile\t(elevated\nLDL\tand\tlow\tHDL)\tand\tregular\tconsumption\tof\tfried\tfoods,\tbacon\tand\tfull\tfat\tdairy.\n•\t\nExcessive\tmineral\tintake\t(sodium)\t(NI-5.10.7)\trelated\tto\tfrequent\tfast\tfood\tconsumption\tas | [
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0.027785977348685265,
-0.03693... |
33\nMedical\tnutrition\ttherapy\tfor\npulmonary\tdisease\nLaith\tGhazala,\tMD,\tFRCP,\tA.\tChristine\tHummell,\tMS,\tRDN,\tLD,\tCNSC,\tBette\tKlein,\tMS,\tRDN,\tCSP,\tLD\nKEY\tTERMS\nacinar\nacinus\nacute\trespiratory\tdistress\tsyndrome\t(ARDS)\nadiponectin\nasthma\naspiration\tpneumonia\nbronchiectasis\nbronchogenic\... | [
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0.08624821156263351,
0.0847572609782219,
0.007787938695400953,
0.08319951593875885,
0.052469... |
bronchopulmonary\tdysplasia\t(BPD)\ncancer\tcachexia\tsyndrome\nchronic\tbronchitis\nchronic\tobstructive\tpulmonary\tdisease\t(COPD)\ncilia\nchylothorax\nclubbing\ncontinuous\tpositive\tairway\tpressure\t(CPAP)\ncor\tpulmonale\ncyanosis\ncystic\tfibrosis\t(CF)\ncystic\tfibrosis\trelated\tdiabetes\t(CFRD)\ndistal\tinte... | [
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0.06469300389289856,
0.007625614292919636,
0.06299000233411789,
0.097151... |
dyspnea\nelastase\nemphysema\nghrelin\nhypercapnia\nhypopnea\nidiopathic\tpulmonary\tfibrosis\ninterstitial\tlung\tdisease\t(ILD)\ninterstitial\tpulmonary\n\tfibrosis\nkyphosis\nleptin\nobesity\thypoventilation\tsyndrome\t(OHS)\nobstructive\tsleep\tapnea\t(OSA)\nosteopenia\npancreatic\tenzyme\treplacement\ttherapy\t(PE... | [
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0.047567... |
pancreatic\tinsufficiency\t(PI)\npleural\teffusion\npneumonia\npulmonary\tcachexia | [
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0.06... |
pulmonary\tfunction\ttests\npulmonary\thypertension\t(PH)\npulse\toximetry\nresistin\nresolvin\nspirometry\nsteatorrhea\nsurfactant\ntachypnea\ntuberculosis\t(TB)\nOptimal\tnutrition\tsupports\tthe\tdevelopment,\tgrowth,\tand\tmaintenance\tof\tthe\trespiratory\torgans,\nsupporting\tstructures\tof\tthe\tskeleton\tand\tm... | [
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0.078333288... |
systems.\tA\twell-functioning\tpulmonary\tsystem\tenables\tthe\tbody\tto\tobtain\tthe\toxygen\tneeded\tto\tmeet\nits\tcellular\tdemands\tfor\tenergy\tfrom\tmacronutrients\tand\tto\tremove\tcarbon\tdioxide\tas\ta\tbyproduct\tof\nmetabolism.\nThe\tpulmonary\tsystem\nThe\trespiratory\tstructures\tinclude\tthe\tnose,\tphar... | [
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0.06058620... |
ducts,\tand\talveoli.\tSupporting\tstructures\tinclude\tthe\tskeleton\tand\tthe\tmuscles\t(e.g.,\tthe\tintercostal,\nabdominal,\tand\tdiaphragm\tmuscles).\tWithin\ta\tmonth\tafter\tconception,\tpulmonary\tstructures\tare\nrecognizable.\tThe\tpulmonary\tsystem\tgrows\tand\tmatures\tduring\tgestation\tand\n\tchildhoodunt... | [
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0.05942277982831001,
0.0563... |
childhooduntil\tit\nreaches\tfull\tmaturity\tand\taveoli\tdensity\tat\tabout\t20\tyears\tof\tage.\tAs\taging\toccurs,\tthe\tlungs\tlose\nelasticity\tand\tfunctional\tcapacity\tdeclines.\nThe\tprimary\tfunction\tof\tthe\trespiratory\tsystem\tis\tgas\texchange,\tand\tthe\tanatomy\tand\tphysiology\tis\ngeared\tto\tfulfill... | [
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0.047... |
geared\tto\tfulfill\tthis\tfunction\t(\nFig.\t33.1\n).\tThe\tlungs\tenable\tthe\tbody\tto\tobtain\tthe\toxygen\tneeded\tto\nmeet\tits\tcellular\tmetabolic\tdemands\n\tand\tto\tremove\tthe\tcarbon\tdioxide\t(CO\n2\n)\tproduced.\tHealthy\nnerves,\tand\tefficient\tblood\tand\tlymph\tcirculation\tare\tneeded\tto\tsupply\to... | [
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0.022017860... |
tissues.\tThe\tlungs\talso\tfilter,\twarm,\tand\thumidify\tinspired\tair.\nFIG.\t33.1\nFunctional\tanatomy\tand\tphysiology\tof\tthe\trespiratory\tsystem.\t\nA,\n\tVarious\tparts\tof\trespiratory\tsystem.\nB,\n\tGas\texchange\tunit.\t\nC,\n\tAlveolar-capillary\tinterface.\t\nNational\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitu... | [
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0.075648... |
National\tHeart,\tLung,\tand\tBlood\tInstitute;\tNational\nInstitutes\tof\tHealth;\tU.S.\tDepartment\tof\tHealth\tand\tHuman\tServices.\nThe\trespiratory\tcenter\tis\tthe\tname\tfor\tstructures\tinvolved\tin\tthe\tgeneration\tof\trhythmic\trespiratory\nmovements\n\tand\treflexes\tand\tis\tlocated\tin\tthe\tmedulla\tand... | [
0.0387374572455883,
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0.01811... |
Fig.\t39.2\n\tin\t\nChapter\t39\n).\tThe\nelectrical\timpulses\tgenerated\tby\tthe\trespiratory\tcenter\tare\tcarried\tby\tthe\tphrenic\tnerves\tto\tthe\ndiaphragm\tand\tother\trespiratory\tmuscles.\tContraction\tof\tdiaphragm\tand\tother\tmuscles\tincreases\tthe\nintrathoracic\tvolume,\twhich\tcreates\tnegative\tintra... | [
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0.05231... |
The\tair\ttraverses\n\tthrough\tthe\tupper\tairways\tinto\tthe\tlower\tairways\t(see\t\nFig.\t33.1\n,\t\nA\n)\tand\treaches\tthe\nalveoli\t(see\t\nFig.\t33.1\n,\t\nB\n).\tThe\talveoli\tare\tsurrounded\tby\tcapillaries\twhere\tgas\texchange\ttakes\tplace\n(see\t\nFig.\t33.1\n,\t\nC\n).\tThe\tpulmonary\tartery\tcarries\t... | [
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small\tcapillaries\twhere\tgas\texchange\ttakes\tplace\twith\tthe\talveoli;\toxygenated\tblood\treturns\tback\nthrough\tthe\n\tpulmonary\tveins\tinto\tthe\tleft\tatrium\tof\tthe\theart\tto\tbe\tdelivered\tinto\tthe\trest\tof\tthe\tbody.\nThe\tlarge\tpulmonary\tblood\tvessels\tand\tthe\tconducting\tairways\tare\tlocated... | [
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0.00248... |
connective\ttissue\tcompartment—the\tpleural\tcavity.\nThe\tlungs\tare\tan\timportant\tpart\tof\tthe\tbody’s\timmune\tsystem,\tbecause\tinspired\tair\tis\tladen\twith\nparticles\tand\tmicroorganisms.\tMucus\tkeeps\tthe\tairways\tmoist\tand\ttraps\n\tthe\tparticles\tand | [
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0.0273... |
microorganisms\tfrom\tinspired\tair.\tThe\tairways\thave\t12\ttypes\tof\tepithelial\tcells,\tand\tmost\tcells\tthat\nline\tthe\ttrachea,\tbronchi,\tand\tbronchioles\thave\t\ncilia\n.\tThe\tcilia\tare\t“hair-like”\tstructures\tthat\tmove\nthe\tsuperficial\tliquid\tlining\tlayer\tfrom\tdeep\twithin\tthe\tlungs\ttoward\tt... | [
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0.03695051744580269,
0.0623... |
gastrointestinal\ttract,\tthereby\tplaying\tan\timportant\trole\tas\ta\tlung\tdefense\tmechanism\n\tby\tclearing\nbacteria\tand\tother\tforeign\tbodies.\tEach\ttime\ta\tperson\tswallows,\tmicroorganism-containing\tmucus\npasses\tinto\tthe\tdigestive\ttract,\tin\taddition\tto\tthe\tfood.\tWhen\tinhaled\tbacteria\tor\tfo... | [
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0.025032218545675278,
0.046... |
not\tcleared\teffectively,\tthe\tpatient\tis\tprone\tto\tdevelop\trecurrent\tchest\tinfections\tthat\tmay\teventually\nlead\tto\tbronchiectasis.\tThe\tepithelial\tsurface\tof\tthe\talveoli\tcontains\tmacrophages.\n\tBy\tthe\tprocess\tof\nphagocytosis,\tthese\talveolar\tmacrophages\tengulf\tinhaled\tinert\tmaterials\tan... | [
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0.11293771862983704,
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0.04288... |
digest\tthem.\tThe\talveolar\tcells\talso\tsecrete\t\nsurfactant\n,\ta\tcompound\tsynthesized\tfrom\tproteins\tand\nphospholipids\tthat\tmaintains\tthe\tstability\tof\tpulmonary\ttissue\tby\treducing\tthe\tsurface\ttension\tof\nfluids\tthat\tcoat\tthe\tlung.\nThe\tlungs\thave\tseveral\tmetabolic\tfunctions.\tFor\texamp... | [
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0.028652314096689224,
0.01... |
help\tregulate\tthe\tbody’s\tacid-base\nbalance\t(see\t\nChapter\t3\n).\tThe\tbody’s\tpH\tis\tmaintained\tpartially\tby\tthe\tproper\tbalance\tof\tCO\n2\n\tand\noxygen\t(O\n2\n).\tThe\tlungs\talso\tsynthesize\tarachidonic\tacid\tthat\tultimately\tmay\tbe\tconverted\tto\nprostaglandins\tor\tleukotrienes.\tThese\tappear\... | [
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0.0829797312617302,
0.11186971515417099,
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0.015... |
The\tlungs\tconvert\tangiotensin\tI\tto\tangiotensin\tII\tby\tthe\tangiotensin-converting\n\tenzyme\t(ACE)\tfound\nmainly\tin\tthe\tnumerous\tcapillary\tbeds\tof\tthe\tlungs.\tAngiotensin\tII\tincreases\tblood\tpressure.\tBecause\nof\tthe\tultrastructure\tand\tthe\tfact\tthat\tthey\treceive\tthe\ttotal\tcardiac\toutput... | [
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0.010... |
function\tas\ta\tchemical\tfilter.\tThey\tprotect\tthe\tsystemic\tcirculation\tfrom\texposure\tto\thigh\tlevels\tof\ncirculating\tvasoactive\tsubstances.\tAlthough\tserotonin,\t5-hydroxytryptamine\n\t(5-HT),\tand\nnorepinephrine\tare\ttotally\tor\tpartially\teliminated\tor\tinactivated\tin\tthe\tpulmonary\tcirculation,... | [
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0.025111034512519836,
0.062788... |
epinephrine\tand\thistamines\tpass\tthrough\tthe\tlungs\tunchanged.\nEffect\tof\tmalnutrition\ton\tthe\tpulmonary\tsystem\nThe\trelationship\tbetween\tmalnutrition\tand\trespiratory\tdisease\thas\tlong\tbeen\trecognized.\nMalnutrition\tadversely\taffects\tlung\tstructure,\telasticity,\tand\tfunction;\trespiratory\tmusc... | [
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0.029238... |
mass,\nstrength,\tand\tendurance;\tlung\timmune\tdefense\tmechanisms;\tand\tcontrol\tof\tbreathing.\tFor\texample\nprotein\tand\tiron\tdeficiencies\tresult\tin\tlow\themoglobin\tlevels\tthat\tdiminish\tthe\toxygen-carrying\ncapacity\tof\tthe\tblood.\tLow\tlevels\tof\tcalcium,\tmagnesium,\tphosphorus,\tand\tpotassium\tc... | [
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0.028970951214432716,
0.048... |
respiratory\tmuscle\tfunction\tat\tthe\tcellular\tlevel.\tHypoalbuminemia,\tas\tmeasured\tby\tserum\talbumin,\ncontributes\n\tto\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tpulmonary\tedema\tby\tdecreasing\tcolloid\tosmotic\tpressure,\tallowing\nbody\tfluids\tto\tmove\tinto\tthe\tinterstitial\tspace.\tDecreased\tlevels\tof\tsurfactant\tcon... | [
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0.0865718424320221,
0.046901... |
collapse\tof\talveoli,\tthereby\tincreasing\tthe\twork\tof\tbreathing.\tThe\tsupporting\tconnective\ttissue\tof\tthe\nlungs\tis\tcomposed\tof\tcollagen,\twhich\trequires\tascorbic\tacid\tfor\tits\tsynthesis.\tNormal\tairway\tmucus\tis\na\tsubstance\n\tconsisting\tof\twater,\tglycoproteins,\tand\telectrolytes,\tand\tthu... | [
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0.08179955929517746,
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0.01014445349574089,
0.0493336580... |
nutritional\tintake.\nEffect\tof\tpulmonary\tdisease\ton\tnutritional\tstatus\nPulmonary\tdisease\tsubstantially\tincreases\tenergy\trequirements.\tThis\tfactor\texplains\tthe\trationale\tfor\nincluding\tbody\tcomposition\tand\tweight\tparameters\tin\tnutrition\tassessment.\tWeight\tloss\tfrom\ninadequate\tenergy\tinta... | [
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0.06721969693899155,
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0.016914159059524536,
0.04239602... |
inadequate\tenergy\tintake\tis\tsignificantly\tcorrelated\n\twith\ta\tpoor\tprognosis\tin\tpersons\twith\tpulmonary\ndiseases.\tMalnutrition\tleading\tto\timpaired\timmunity\tplaces\tany\tpatient\tat\thigh\trisk\tfor\tdeveloping\nrespiratory\tinfections.\tMalnourished\tpatients\twith\tpulmonary\tdisease\twho\tare\thosp... | [
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0.01815602... |
to\thave\tlengthy\tstays\tand\tare\tsusceptible\tto\tincreased\tmorbidity\tand\tmortality\tcompared\twith\twell-\nnourished\tpatients.\nThe\tcomplications\tof\tpulmonary\n\tdiseases\tor\ttheir\ttreatments\tcan\tmake\tadequate\tfood\tintake\tand\ndigestion\tdifficult.\tFor\texample,\tpatients\twho\tare\tunable\tto\tbrea... | [
0.002906407928094268,
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0.03699835017323494,
0.005224411375820637,
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0.0038388539105653763,
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0.011974090710282326,
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0.1014510914683342,
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0.035656120628118515,
0.03... |
food\tor\tto\teat.\tAbsorption\tand\tmetabolism\tof\tmost\tnutrients\tare\taffected.\tAs\tpulmonary\tdisease\nprogresses,\tseveral\tconditions\tmay\tinterfere\twith\tfood\tintake\tand\toverall\tnutrition\tstatus.\tFor\nexample,\tabnormal\tproduction\tof\tsputum,\n\tvomiting,\t\ntachypnea\n\t(rapid\tbreathing),\themopty... | [
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-0.09594355523586273,
0.029268277809023857,
0.00754966028034687,
-0.06792816519737244,
0.016903547570109367,
0.08542773127555847,
0.012551543302834034,
-0.03814050182700157,
0.06238669157028198,
0.14094814658164978,
-0.04716785252094269,
0.03335336223244667,
0.01963847... |
vomiting,\t\ntachypnea\n\t(rapid\tbreathing),\themoptysis,\nthoracic\tpain,\tnasal\tpolyps,\tanemia,\tdepression,\tand\taltered\ttaste\tsecondary\tto\tmedications\tare\toften\npresent.\tWeight\tloss,\tlow\tbody\tmass\tindex\t(BMI),\tand\tother\tadverse\teffects\tare\tlisted\tin\t\nBox\t33.1\n.\nBOX\t33.1\nAdverse\tEffec... | [
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0.04694294556975365,
0.014392578974366188,
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0.09812752902507782,
0.0739593505859375,
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0.026362836360931396,
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0.04481274634599686,
0.020... |
Increased\tenergy\texpenditure\nIncreased\twork\tof\tbreathing\nChronic\tinfection\nMedical\ttreatments\t(e.g.,\tbronchodilators,\tchest\tphysical\ttherapy)\nReduced\tintake\nFluid\trestriction\nShortness\tof\tbreath\nDecreased\toxygen\tsaturation\twhile\teating\nAnorexia\tresulting\tfrom\tchronic\tdisease\nGastrointes... | [
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0.059975240379571915,
0.0697319507598877,
-0.017086027190089226,
0.04236457124352455,
0.0585785... |
Additional\tlimitations\nDifficulty\tpreparing\tfood\tbecause\tof\tfatigue\nImpaired\tfeeding\tskills\t(for\tinfants\tand\tchildren)\nAltered\tmetabolism\nFood-drug\tinteractions\nMedical\tmanagement\nPulmonary\tsystem\tdisorders\tmay\tbe\tcategorized\tas\tprimary,\tsuch\tas\ttuberculosis\t(TB),\tasthma,\tand | [
0.023939626291394234,
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0.042776744812726974,
0.16232162714004517,
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0.01900080032646656,
0.003239... |
lung\tcancer;\tor\tsecondary\twhen\tassociated\twith\tcardiovascular\tdisease,\tobesity,\tinfection,\tsickle\tcell\ndisease,\tor\tscoliosis.\tConditions\talso\tmay\tbe\tacute\tor\tchronic.\tExamples\tof\tacute\tconditions\tinclude\naspiration\tpneumonia,\tairway\tobstruction\n\tfrom\tfoods\tsuch\tas\tpeanuts,\tand\tall... | [
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0.0681450... |
from\tfoods\tsuch\tas\tpeanuts,\tand\tallergic\tanaphylaxis\tfrom\nconsumption\tof\tshellfish.\tExamples\tof\tchronic\tconditions\tinclude\tcystic\tfibrosis\t(CF)\tand\tchronic\nobstructive\tpulmonary\tdisease\t(COPD).\nThe\tassessment\tof\tthe\tpulmonary\tstatus\tstarts\twith\tobtaining\ta\tthorough\thistory\twith\ta\... | [
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0.02025100588798523,
0.02111... |
the\tsocial\thistory\tsuch\tas\tsmoking\tand\tother\tinhalational\ttoxins\tas\twell\tas\texposure\thistory.\tTypical\nsymptoms\n\tof\tpulmonary\tdisorders\tinclude\t\ndyspnea\n\t(shortness\tof\tbreath),\tcough,\tsputum\tproduction,\nchest\tdiscomfort,\tfatigue,\tearly\tsatiety,\tand\tweight\tloss.\tThe\tpulmonary\tasse... | [
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0.0825805738568306,
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0.05704633519053459,
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0.05693426728248596,
0.08611942082643509,
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0.049601685255765915,
0.03812399... |
percussion\tand\tauscultation.\tThese\tbedside\ttechniques\tprovide\timportant\tinformation\ton\tthe\npatient’s\tbreathing.\nNumerous\tdiagnostic\tand\tmonitoring\ttests\tsuch\tas\timaging\tprocedures,\tarterial\tblood\tgas\ndeterminations,\n\tsputum\tcultures,\tand\tbiopsies\talso\tcan\tbe\temployed.\t\nPulmonary\tfun... | [
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0.057087577879428864,
0.05495224520564079,
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0.060190197080373764,
-0.02393... |
Pulmonary\tfunction\ttests\n\tare\nused\tto\tdiagnose\tor\tmonitor\tthe\tstatus\tof\tlung\tdisease;\tthey\tare\tdesigned\tto\tmeasure\tthe\tability\tof\nthe\trespiratory\tsystem\tto\texchange\tO\n2\n\tand\tCO\n2\n.\t\nPulse\toximetry\n\tis\tone\tsuch\ttest.\tA\tsmall\tdevice\ncalled\ta\tpulse\toximeter,\twhich\tuses\tl... | [
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0.04609013348817825,
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0.07272341102361679,
0.004211082588881254,
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0.07908305525779724,
0.09409824758768082,
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0.0708465650677681,
0.035813... |
2\n\tsaturation\tof\tarterial\tblood,\tis\nplaced\ton\tthe\tend\tof\n\tthe\tfinger\t(\nFig.\t33.2\n).\tNormal\tfor\ta\tyoung,\thealthy\tperson\tis\t95%\tto\t99%.\nSpirometry\n\tis\tanother\tcommon\tpulmonary\tfunction\ttest.\tThis\tinvolves\tbreathing\tinto\ta\tspirometer\nthat\tgives\tinformation\ton\tlung\tvolume\tan... | [
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0.0446971133351326,
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0.08463283628225327,
0.05777136981487274,
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0.05730651691555977,
0.12087034434080124,
-0.08274690061807632,
0.03952575474977493,
0.0226935... |
FIG.\t33.2\nPulse\toximeter.\nChronic\tpulmonary\tdisease\nCystic\tfibrosis\nCystic\tfibrosis\t(CF)\n\tis\ta\tlife-threatening\tautosomal\trecessive\tinherited\tdisorder\tthat\tis\tmost\ncommonly\tseen\tin\twhite\tpopulations\twith\ta\tCF\tincidence\tof\t1\tout\tof\t3000\tbabies\tborn\tin\tthe\tUnited\nStates\t(\nCysti... | [
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0.027345500886440277,
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-0.001769202179275453,
0.0037201133091002703,
0.0795886442065239,
0.008931578136980534,
0.09290335327386856,
0.11574742197990417,
-0.03869273513555527,
0.020956631749868393,
0.07... |
States\t(\nCystic\tFibrosis\tFoundation,\t2016\n).\tAccording\tto\tthe\tCystic\tFibrosis\tFoundation\t2016\tPatient\nRegistry,\t29,497\tpersons\n\thave\tCF.\tCF\tis\tcaused\tby\tmutations\tin\tthe\tcystic\tfibrosis\ttransmembrane\nconductance\tregulator\t(CFTR)\tprotein,\ta\tcomplex\tchloride\tchannel\tand\tregulatory\... | [
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0.012327399104833603,
0.11533217877149582,
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0.038179751485586166,
0.08... |
all\texocrine\ttissues.\tThe\tfunction\tof\tCFTR\tis\tto\tregulate\tthe\tpassage\tof\tchloride,\tsodium,\tand\nbicarbonate\tin\tthe\tepithelial\tcells.\tDue\tto\tabsent\tor\tabnormal\tCFTR\tin\tCF,\tthe\tdecreased\tsecretion\tof\nchloride\tand\twater\tand\tincreased\n\treabsorption\tof\tsodium\tresult\tin\tthe\tproduct... | [
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0.10915056616067886,
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0.06987492740154266,
0.07429724931716919,
-0.08668454736471176,
0.01955927163362503,
0.0... |
reabsorption\tof\tsodium\tresult\tin\tthe\tproduction\tof\tthick,\tviscous\nsecretions\tin\tthe\tlungs,\tpancreas,\tliver,\tintestines,\tand\treproductive\ttract,\tand\tlead\tto\tincreased\tsalt\ncontent\tin\tthe\tsweat\tgland\tsecretions.\tMost\tof\tthe\tclinical\tmanifestations\tare\trelated\tto\tthe\tthick,\nviscous... | [
0.007051088381558657,
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0.06825990974903107,
-0.049408748745918274,
-0.10468189418315887,
0.009937009774148464,
0.06930704414844513,
-0.003321812255308032,
-0.016260512173175812,
0.0817587822675705,
0.11971166729927063,
-0.071980319917202,
0.017137065529823303,
0.033488... |
viscous\tsecretions\t(\nFig.\t33.3\n).\tLung\tdisease\tand\tmalnutrition\tare\tpredominant\tconsequences\tof\tthe\ndisease. | [
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0.01254257746040821,
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-0.010347733274102211,
0.0494... |
FIG.\t33.3\nIllustration\tshowing\tmultisystem\tinvolvement\tin\tcystic\tfibrosis\t(CF)\tand\ttenacious\tsecretions.\nIn\tthe\tpast,\tmost\tpatients\twere\tdiagnosed\twith\tCF\tbecause\tof\tsymptoms\trelated\tto\tvarious\torgan\nsystems.\tAll\t50\tstates\tnow\tprovide\tnewborn\tscreening\tfor\tCF\tin\tthe\tfirst\t2\tto... | [
0.004090819973498583,
-0.0391351692378521,
0.06294751912355423,
-0.04505661875009537,
-0.08271560072898865,
0.01214725710451603,
0.07364494353532791,
0.04617280885577202,
-0.001063956180587411,
0.026543065905570984,
0.10821637511253357,
-0.03453553840517998,
0.049408748745918274,
0.0417333... |
majority\tof\tcases\tdiagnosed\tby\t1\tmonth\tof\tage.\tScreening\tconsists\tof\tusing\ta\tneonatal\tblood\n\tspot\tto\ndetermine\tthe\tconcentration\tof\timmunoreactive\ttrypsinogen;\tif\tit\tis\televated,\tthen\tgenetic\tanalysis\nand\tsweat\tchloride\ttests\tare\tcompleted\tto\tconfirm\tthe\tdiagnosis.\tThe\tdiagnos... | [
0.011511010117828846,
-0.045703496783971786,
0.03283488750457764,
-0.05967692285776138,
-0.04500685632228851,
-0.004476120695471764,
0.106446772813797,
0.02975851483643055,
-0.01924075186252594,
0.08706949651241302,
0.07688562572002411,
-0.07524525374174118,
0.07359753549098969,
0.01398522... |
other\tthan\tneonates\twho\thave\ta\tclinical\thistory\tconsistent\twith\tthe\tdisease\tor\thave\ta\tsibling\twith\tCF,\nis\tdetermined\tby\tan\tabnormal\tsweat\tchloride\ttest\t(chloride\tlevel\tin\tsweat\t>60\tmmol/L).\tIf\n\tthe\nchloride\tsweat\ttest\tis\tabnormal,\tgenetic\tanalysis\tis\tused\tto\tconfirm\tthe\tdi... | [
0.0069041005335748196,
-0.04768628999590874,
0.04398174211382866,
-0.0286141037940979,
-0.06916649639606476,
0.0005103296134620905,
0.09341268986463547,
-0.015220029279589653,
0.019851990044116974,
0.060178693383932114,
0.11255665123462677,
-0.03962007910013199,
0.07557550072669983,
0.0527... |
mutation\t(\nKatkin,\t2014\n).\tAbnormal\tsweat\tchloride\ttests\tcan\toccur\twith\tmalnutrition\tand\tadrenal\ninsufficiency.\nPathophysiology\nPulmonary\tand\tsinus\tdisease\nDue\tto\tthe\tdifficulty\tof\texpelling\tthick\tand\tviscous\tmucus\tin\tthe\trespiratory\ttract,\tCF\tpatients\npresent\twith\tchronic\tpersis... | [
-0.013682672753930092,
-0.05749313533306122,
0.025597402825951576,
-0.02130717970430851,
-0.10935382544994354,
-0.02536964975297451,
0.05282995104789734,
0.08613190054893494,
-0.0642821416258812,
0.03715385124087334,
0.09374069422483444,
-0.02774430252611637,
0.043689604848623276,
0.059218... |
dyspnea,\tand\twheezing.\tThick\tand\tviscous\tmucus\tis\nconsidered\ta\trich\tenvironment\tfor\tbacteria\tto\tgrow,\tleading\tto\ta\tform\tof\tobstructive\tairway\tdisease,\nbronchiectasis\n,\ta\tchronic\tcondition\tof\tdilatation\tof\tthe\tbronchi\tthat\tdevelops\tas\ta\tresult\tof\trecurrent\nlung\tinfections.\tExam... | [
0.020800095051527023,
-0.04235607385635376,
0.05522103235125542,
-0.021503841504454613,
-0.10691243410110474,
0.032727405428886414,
0.033539142459630966,
0.01716250739991665,
-0.021709132939577103,
0.022028369829058647,
0.0992765873670578,
-0.021009191870689392,
0.04788360744714737,
0.0609... |
clubbing\n.\tDigital\nclubbing\tis\tcharacterized\tby\tincreased\tdigital\n\ttip\tmass\tand\tincreased\tlongitudinal\tand\ttransverse\tnail\nplate\tcurvature\t(\nFig.\t33.4\n),\tand\tlung\tauscultation\treveals\tdiffuse\tcoarse\tcrackles\tin\tthe\tlungs\tand\ndecreased\tbreath\tsounds.\tChest\tradiograph\tmay\tshow\thy... | [
0.015486777760088444,
-0.08249115943908691,
0.07198835909366608,
-0.05572013929486275,
-0.1365492045879364,
0.02090630866587162,
0.09261202812194824,
-0.012683592736721039,
-0.022575337439775467,
0.02380717732012272,
0.09487296640872955,
-0.02958264760673046,
0.01900542341172695,
0.0264646... |
computed\ttomography\t(CT)\tscan\tmay\tshow\tcystic\tand\tnodular\tdensities,\tthe\tclassical\tpicture\tof\ncystic\tbronchiectasis\t(\nFig.\t33.5\n).\tPulmonary\tfunction\n\ttesting\tshows\tairway\tobstruction.\tThe\nspirogram\tshows\treduced\tforced\tvital\tcapacity\t(FVC),\tknown\tas\t“restrictive\tpattern.”\tThe\tre... | [
-0.019391458481550217,
0.017297079786658287,
0.04078741371631622,
-0.04538455605506897,
-0.07332006096839905,
-0.03377258777618408,
0.01949797384440899,
0.04580571874976158,
0.008089176379144192,
0.04971281439065933,
0.08306390047073364,
-0.047603435814380646,
0.04610215872526169,
0.040319... |
forced\texpiratory\tvolume\t(FEV\n1\n)\tand\tthe\treduced\tFEV\n1\n/FVC\tratio\tare\tsuggestive\tof\tairway\nobstruction. | [
0.018135907128453255,
-0.005021491553634405,
0.03598964959383011,
0.02828327938914299,
-0.015171241946518421,
0.03896203637123108,
0.060916051268577576,
0.004597629886120558,
0.03637371584773064,
0.057342249900102615,
0.10221152752637863,
-0.053797461092472076,
-0.02354423701763153,
0.0827... |
FIG.\t33.4\nIllustration\tof\tclubbing\tin\ta\tpatient\twith\t“yellow\tnail\tsyndrome.”\nFIG.\t33.5\nComputed\ttomography\t(CT)\tscan\tof\ta\tpatient\tshowing\tcystic\tchanges\tof\tbronchiectasis\tin\tright\nupper\tlobe.\nSputum\tcultures\tare\tused\tto\tidentify\tbacteria\tgrowing\tin\tthe\trespiratory\ttract\tin\tCF\... | [
-0.013585245236754417,
0.0005900621181353927,
0.0582757331430912,
-0.052567895501852036,
-0.07353563606739044,
-0.008670392446219921,
0.01137755997478962,
0.02864755690097809,
-0.0191414225846529,
0.015353893861174583,
0.09483098983764648,
-0.025161081925034523,
0.06761856377124786,
0.0758... |
common\tbacteria\tin\tCF\tpatients\tare\t\nStaphylococcus\taureus\n\tand\t\nPseudomonas\taeruginosa\n,\twhich\ncolonize\tthe\tairways\tfrequently.\tEvidence\texists\tthat\tthese\tbacteria\tplay\tan\timportant\n\trole\tin\tdisease\nprogression.\tMany\tchildren\twith\tCF\tdevelop\tchronic\trhinosinusitis\twith\tnasal\tpo... | [
-0.02943279594182968,
-0.016675230115652084,
0.014573236927390099,
-0.04299680143594742,
-0.09036070853471756,
-0.003175845369696617,
0.03345721215009689,
0.09216363728046417,
-0.02440771460533142,
0.06252998113632202,
0.10782365500926971,
-0.011460322886705399,
0.02286854200065136,
0.1376... |
questions\tremain\tunanswered\tas\tto\tthe\torigin\tof\tpolyps\tin\tCF\tpatients.\nPancreatic\tdisease\tin\tcystic\tfibrosis\nSeveral\tdifferent\ttypes\tof\tpancreatic\tdisease\toccur\tin\tCF\tpatients.\nPancreatic\tinsufficiency.\nPancreatic\tinsufficiency\t(PI)\n,\tin\twhich\tthe\tpancreas\tfails\tto\tmake\tadequate\... | [
0.02295907586812973,
-0.06121126562356949,
0.0021215162705630064,
-0.02715408056974411,
-0.1407483071088791,
-0.003096971195191145,
0.08666231483221054,
0.052277352660894394,
-0.014956713654100895,
0.028988605365157127,
0.07951458543539047,
-0.029635882005095482,
0.045329105108976364,
0.04... |
to\tdigest\tfood\nin\tthe\tsmall\tintestine,\tis\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tgastrointestinal\tcomplication\tof\tCF,\taffecting\napproximately\t90%\tof\tpatients\tat\tsome\ttime\tin\ttheir\tlives\t(\nRogers,\t2013\n).\nUp\tto\t90%\tof\tpatients\texhibit\tfat\tmalabsorption\tby\t1\tyear\tof\tage.\tThe\tproduction\tof\tpancreati... | [
0.008455622009932995,
-0.06994318962097168,
-0.014547057449817657,
-0.051259689033031464,
-0.07299057394266129,
-0.013665132224559784,
0.07354597002267838,
0.04815742000937462,
0.002278595929965377,
0.008468816988170147,
0.12604695558547974,
-0.02481956221163273,
0.041694726794958115,
0.05... |
enzymes\tis\tdecreased,\twhich\tleads\tto\tthe\tmalabsorption\tof\tfats\tand\tsteatorrhea.\t\nSteatorrhea\n\tis\ncharacterized\tby\tfoul\tsmelling,\n\tbulky,\toily\tstools\tand\tfailure\tto\tthrive\tor\tpoor\tweight\tgain.\tSuch\npatients\tmay\talso\tpresent\twith\tclinical\tfeatures\tof\tdeficiency\tof\tthe\tfat-solub... | [
-0.023541197180747986,
-0.12990634143352509,
0.029332825914025307,
-0.018078017979860306,
-0.06258225440979004,
0.010553104802966118,
0.003708501812070608,
0.03894276171922684,
-0.05139348283410072,
0.039563652127981186,
0.09550390392541885,
0.013124792836606503,
-0.0174573864787817,
0.060... |
K.\tThe\tCF\tpopulation\tfrequently\tpresents\twith\tsuboptimal\tvitamin\tD\tstatus.\tCF\tpatients\talso\tsuffer\nfrom\tvitamin\tK\tdeficiencies\tand\tneed\troutine\tsupplementation.\nPancreatitis.\nThe\tabnormal\tpancreatic\tsecretions\tcause\tprogressive\n\tpancreatic\tdamage,\tso\tthese\tpatients\tcan\npresent\twith... | [
0.0030052829533815384,
-0.027930328622460365,
0.011599071323871613,
0.003406743286177516,
-0.1171373575925827,
-0.011354395188391209,
0.06710987538099289,
0.049708861857652664,
-0.04267440363764763,
0.006180525757372379,
0.10337099432945251,
-0.008610700257122517,
0.022711675614118576,
0.0... |
Patients\twith\texocrine\tPI\talso\tmay\tdevelop\timpaired\tfunction\tof\tthe\tendocrine\tpancreas,\tleading\tto\nthe\tdevelopment\tof\t\ncystic\tfibrosis\trelated\tdiabetes\t(CFRD)\n.\tIt\tis\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tcomorbidity\tin\nthe\tCF\tpopulation,\toccurring\tin\t20%\tof\tthe\tadolescents\tand\t40%\tto\t50%\tof\tthe... | [
0.005847408901900053,
-0.06958923488855362,
0.00578363286331296,
-0.0065705724991858006,
-0.12529931962490082,
-0.005706325639039278,
0.09296956658363342,
0.09770429879426956,
0.009827148169279099,
0.03662047162652016,
0.08316124230623245,
0.008102305233478546,
0.027437565848231316,
0.0643... |
CF.\tCFRD\nis\tassociated\twith\tpoor\tgrowth,\tclinical\tand\tnutritional\tdeterioration,\tand\tearly\tdeath.\tThe\tAmerican\nDiabetes\tAssociation\tand\tthe\tCystic\tFibrosis\tFoundation\trecommend\tyearly\tCFRD\tscreenings,\nstarting\tat\tage\t10\t(see\t\nChapter\t29\n\tfor\tdiscussion\tof\tdiabetes\tmanagement),\tt... | [
0.001225164858624339,
-0.06222967058420181,
0.03880199044942856,
0.03360847756266594,
-0.04479338601231575,
-0.009185021743178368,
0.11591415107250214,
0.052024055272340775,
-0.01838548853993416,
0.032884906977415085,
0.09591255336999893,
-0.019671568647027016,
0.0051239291206002235,
0.009... |
for\tdiscussion\tof\tdiabetes\tmanagement),\tto\tbe\tperformed\tusing\ta\n2-hour\t75\tmg\toral\tglucose\ttolerance\ttest\tduring\ta\tperiod\tof\tstable\thealth.\tThe\tuse\tof\themoglobin\n\tA1C\nis\tnot\trecommended\tfor\tscreening\tbecause\tit\thas\tlow\tsensitivity\tin\tCFRD\t(\nMoran\tet\tal,\t2010\n). | [
0.007710745558142662,
-0.07514597475528717,
0.004771496634930372,
-0.04503634572029114,
-0.0786905288696289,
-0.008306244388222694,
0.1270444393157959,
0.05837830528616905,
-0.03655567392706871,
0.043596118688583374,
0.062024861574172974,
-0.010452024638652802,
0.02953963354229927,
0.06202... |
Moran\tet\tal,\t2010\n).\nHemoglobin\tA1C\tis\toften\tnormal\tin\tpatients\twith\tCFRD\tregardless\tof\tthe\tdegree\tof\thyperglycemia.\nHowever,\tif\tit\tis\talready\tmeasured\tand\tthe\tvalue\tis\t>6.5,\tthis\tis\tstill\tconsistent\twith\ta\tdiagnosis\tof\nCFRD.\nBone\tdisease\nDue\tto\tvitamin\tD\tdeficiency,\tbone\... | [
-0.038387883454561234,
-0.08063125610351562,
0.01086241751909256,
-0.014454424381256104,
-0.08449012041091919,
0.0004064111562911421,
0.07549551129341125,
0.06799161434173584,
-0.06228114292025566,
0.040259186178445816,
0.06937208771705627,
0.01999600976705551,
-0.04720725119113922,
0.0581... |
by\nincreased\tfracture\trates,\tlow\tbone\tdensity,\tand\t\nkyphosis\n,\twhich\tis\tincreased\tcurvature\tof\tthe\tupper\nback.\tMultiple\trisk\tfactors\tcontribute\tto\tdeveloping\tbone\tdisease—chronic\tcorticosteroid\tuse;\nmultiple\tcourses\tof\tantibiotics;\tfailure\tto\tthrive;\tmalabsorption\tof\tcalcium,\tvita... | [
0.006782174576073885,
-0.05873074010014534,
0.031988177448511124,
-0.03813391923904419,
-0.08556172251701355,
-0.012630474753677845,
0.0828278511762619,
0.07704173773527145,
-0.045052170753479004,
0.042294055223464966,
0.09619197994470596,
-0.007456586230546236,
0.051371801644563675,
0.032... |
magnesium;\tinadequate\toverall\tintake;\tand\treduced\tweight-bearing\tactivities.\tObtaining\tand\nmonitoring\n\tserum\t25-hydroxy\tvitamin\tD\tlevel\tshould\tbe\tdone\tyearly.\nOther\tconditions\nMeconium\tileus,\trectal\tprolapse,\tbiliary\tdisease,\tinfertility,\tmusculoskeletal\tdisorders,\tand\trecurrent | [
-0.059942279011011124,
-0.09099631756544113,
0.03400992974638939,
0.03127830848097801,
-0.07031624019145966,
-0.0392979234457016,
0.1105787456035614,
0.026303086429834366,
-0.07423843443393707,
0.029938772320747375,
0.06798196583986282,
-0.04252561181783676,
0.043363943696022034,
0.0086433... |
venous\tthrombosis\tare\tother\tless\tcommon\tconditions\tthat\toccur\tin\tpatients\twith\tCF.\tMeconium\tileus\nis\tan\tobstruction\tof\tthe\tsmall\tintestine\tcaused\tby\tthickened\tmeconium\t(first\tfeces)\tthat\tcan\toccur\tin\nneonates\twith\tCF.\n\tCF\tpatients\tare\tsusceptible\tto\tsmall\tintestine\tbacterial\t... | [
-0.04628004506230354,
-0.012840383686125278,
0.012886465527117252,
-0.004503806121647358,
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0.06551583111286163,
0.0715881884098053,
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0.004583279136568308,
0.08322988450527191,
-0.00626378133893013,
0.016189806163311005,
0.06... |
decreased\tmotility.\tThis\tdisorder\tinterferes\twith\tfat\tabsorption\tand\tappetite\tand\tcan\tlead\tto\tmultiple\nfood\tintolerances\tand\tdigestive\tdisturbances\t(\nBaker\tet\tal,\t2013\n)\t(see\t\nChapter\t27\n).\nMedical\tmanagement\nCF\tis\ta\tmultisystem\tdisease\tthat\trequires\ta\tmultidisciplinary\tapproac... | [
0.05505972355604172,
-0.040650442242622375,
0.03678622096776962,
0.015781300142407417,
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0.07003109902143478,
0.07482244819402695,
0.005013911984860897,
0.018348461017012596,
0.11359477043151855,
0.016098741441965103,
0.028768891468644142,
0.03127... |
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