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10.5k
M1038
mitigates
T1106
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and block potentially malicious software executed that may be executed through this technique by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands ...
M1038
mitigates
T1127.003
attack
id
{"description":"Consider blocking or restricting JamPlus if not required."}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.015
attack
id
{"description":"Where possible, enforce binary and application integrity with digital signature verification to prevent untrusted code from executing. For example, do not use `shell.openExternal` with untrusted content.\n\nWhere possible, set `nodeIntegration` to false, which disables access to the Node.js function.(Ci...
M1038
mitigates
T1219
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved software that can be used for remote access."}
M1038
mitigates
T1216
attack
id
{"description":"Certain signed scripts that can be used to execute other programs may not be necessary within a given environment. Use application control configured to block execution of these scripts if they are not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1047
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control configured to block execution of <code>wmic.exe</code> if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. For example, in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 and above, Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy rules may be app...
M1038
mitigates
T1674
attack
id
{"description":"Denylist scripting and use application control where appropriate. For example, PowerShell Constrained Language mode can be used to restrict access to sensitive or otherwise dangerous language elements such as those used to execute arbitrary Windows APIs or files (e.g., `Add-Type`).(Citation: Microsoft P...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.007
attack
id
{"description":"Denylist scripting where appropriate."}
M1038
mitigates
T1204.002
attack
id
{"description":"Application control may be able to prevent the running of executables masquerading as other files."}
M1038
mitigates
T1546.010
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries can install new AppInit DLLs binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through AppInit DLLs functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows De...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.004
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate. On ESXi hosts, the `execInstalledOnly` feature prevents binaries from being run unless they have been packaged and signed as part of a vSphere installation bundle (VIB).(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi Hardening 2023)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1574
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries may use new payloads to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through hijacking by using application control solutions also capable of blocking libraries loaded by legitimate software."}
M1038
mitigates
T1505.004
attack
id
{"description":"Restrict unallowed ISAPI extensions and filters from running by specifying a list of ISAPI extensions and filters that can run on IIS.(Citation: Microsoft ISAPICGIRestriction 2016)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1547.004
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through the Winlogon helper process by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools like AppLocker (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.002
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate."}
M1038
mitigates
T1553.001
attack
id
{"description":"System settings can prevent applications from running that haven't been downloaded through the Apple Store which can help mitigate some of these issues. "}
M1038
mitigates
T1036.008
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that input sanitization is performed and that files are validated properly before execution; furthermore, implement a strict allow list to ensure that only authorized file types are processed.(Citation: file_upload_attacks_pt2) Restrict and/or block execution of files where headers and extensions...
M1038
mitigates
T1218.008
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control configured to block execution of Odbcconf.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1685
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate, especially regarding the execution of tools outside of the organization's security policies (such as rootkit removal tools) that have been abused to impair system defenses. Ensure that only approved security applications are used and running on enterprise syste...
M1038
mitigates
T1059
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate. For example, PowerShell Constrained Language mode can be used to restrict access to sensitive or otherwise dangerous language elements such as those used to execute arbitrary Windows APIs or files (e.g., `Add-Type`).(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell CLM)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1574.007
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies wh...
M1038
mitigates
T1127
attack
id
{"description":"Certain developer utilities should be blocked or restricted if not required."}
M1038
mitigates
T1490
attack
id
{"description":"Consider using application control configured to block execution of utilities such as `diskshadow.exe` that may not be required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. "}
M1038
mitigates
T1059.008
attack
id
{"description":"TACACS+ can keep control over which commands administrators are permitted to use through the configuration of authentication and command authorization. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - TACACS)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1218
attack
id
{"description":"Consider using application control to prevent execution of binaries that are susceptible to abuse and not required for a given system or network."}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.002
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and block potentially malicious and unknown .cpl files by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender Application Control), AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate."}
M1038
mitigates
T1546.006
attack
id
{"description":"Allow applications via known hashes."}
M1038
mitigates
T1220
attack
id
{"description":"If msxsl.exe is unnecessary, then block its execution to prevent abuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1080
attack
id
{"description":"Identify potentially malicious software that may be used to taint content or may result from it and audit and/or block the unknown programs by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restrictio...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.009
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate to block use of PowerShell CmdLets or other host based resources to access cloud API resources."}
M1038
mitigates
T1547.006
attack
id
{"description":"Application control and software restriction tools, such as SELinux, KSPP, grsecurity MODHARDEN, and Linux kernel tuning can aid in restricting kernel module loading.(Citation: Kernel.org Restrict Kernel Module)(Citation: Wikibooks Grsecurity)(Citation: Kernel Self Protection Project)(Citation: Increasi...
M1038
mitigates
T1574.009
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries will likely need to place new binaries in locations to be executed through this weakness. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed path interception by using application control tools, like Windows Defender Application Control, AppLocker, or Software Restriction Policies wh...
M1038
mitigates
T1059.006
attack
id
{"description":"Denylist Python where not required."}
M1038
mitigates
T1059.013
attack
id
{"description":"Deny scripting where appropriate. Tools such as Python or Go can utilize Kubernetes and Docker within a client library and execute commands within their application."}
M1038
mitigates
T1059.011
attack
id
{"description":"Denylist Lua interpreters where appropriate."}
M1038
mitigates
T1127.001
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control configured to block execution of <code>msbuild.exe</code> if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries. For example, in Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 and above, Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy rules may be ...
M1038
mitigates
T1574.012
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and block potentially malicious unmanaged COR_PROFILER profiling DLLs by using application control solutions like AppLocker that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unapproved DLLs.(Citation: Beechey 2010)(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1546.008
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries can replace accessibility features binaries with alternate binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through accessibility features functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Applicatio...
M1038
mitigates
T1546.009
attack
id
{"description":"Adversaries install new AppCertDLL binaries to execute this technique. Identify and block potentially malicious software executed through AppCertDLLs functionality by using application control (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like Windows Defender Application Control(Citation: Microsoft Windows Defender ...
M1038
mitigates
T1176
attack
id
{"description":"Set an extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy. "}
M1038
mitigates
T1068
attack
id
{"description":"Consider blocking the execution of known vulnerable drivers that adversaries may exploit to execute code in kernel mode. Validate driver block rules in audit mode to ensure stability prior to production deployment.(Citation: Microsoft Driver Block Rules)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1176.001
attack
id
{"description":"Set a browser extension allow or deny list as appropriate for your security policy.(Citation: Technospot Chrome Extensions GP)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1553.005
attack
id
{"description":"Consider blocking container file types at web and/or email gateways. Consider unregistering container file extensions in Windows File Explorer.(Citation: Dormann Dangers of VHD 2019)"}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.003
attack
id
{"description":"Consider using application control configured to block execution of CMSTP.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1219.002
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved software that can be used for remote access."}
M1038
mitigates
T1036
attack
id
{"description":"Use tools that restrict program execution via application control by attributes other than file name for common operating system utilities that are needed."}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.014
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control configured to block execution of MMC if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.001
attack
id
{"description":"Consider using application control to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1218.013
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control configured to block execution of mavinject.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries."}
M1038
mitigates
T1564.006
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control to mitigate installation and use of unapproved virtualization software."}
M1038
mitigates
T1609
attack
id
{"description":"Use read-only containers, read-only file systems, and minimal images when possible to prevent the execution of commands.(Citation: Kubernetes Hardening Guide) Where possible, also consider using application control and software restriction tools (such as those provided by SELinux) to restrict access to ...
M1038
mitigates
T1685.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use application controls to mitigate installation and use of payloads that may be utilized to spoof security alerting."}
M1038
mitigates
T1059.001
attack
id
{"description":"Use application control where appropriate. PowerShell Constrained Language mode can be used to restrict access to sensitive or otherwise dangerous language elements such as those used to execute arbitrary Windows APIs or files (e.g., `Add-Type`).(Citation: Microsoft PowerShell CLM)"}
M1038
modified
2026-05-12 15:12:00.730000+00:00
attack
date
M1038
name
Execution Prevention
attack
string
M1038
rdf:type
Mitigation
attack
enum
{"version":"1.3"}
M1038
url
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1038
attack
url
M1039
created
2019-06-11 16:40:14.543000+00:00
attack
date
M1039
description
Restrict the modification of environment variables to authorized users and processes by enforcing strict permissions and policies. This ensures the integrity of environment variables, preventing adversaries from abusing or altering them for malicious purposes. This mitigation can be implemented through the following me...
attack
string
M1039
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1039
mitigates
T1690
attack
id
{"description":"Prevent users from changing the <code>HISTCONTROL</code>, <code>HISTFILE</code>, and <code>HISTFILESIZE</code> environment variables. (Citation: Securing bash history)"}
M1039
mitigates
T1070.003
attack
id
{"description":"Making the environment variables associated with command history read only may ensure that the history is preserved.(Citation: Securing bash history)"}
M1039
modified
2024-12-11 17:54:05.697000+00:00
attack
date
M1039
name
Environment Variable Permissions
attack
string
M1039
rdf:type
Mitigation
attack
enum
{"version":"1.1"}
M1039
url
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1039
attack
url
M1040
created
2019-06-11 16:43:05.712000+00:00
attack
date
M1040
description
Behavior Prevention on Endpoint refers to the use of technologies and strategies to detect and block potentially malicious activities by analyzing the behavior of processes, files, API calls, and other endpoint events. Rather than relying solely on known signatures, this approach leverages heuristics, machine learning,...
attack
string
M1040
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1040
mitigates
T1036.008
attack
id
{"description":"Implement security controls on the endpoint, such as a Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS), to identify and prevent execution of files with mismatching file signatures."}
M1040
mitigates
T1543.003
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent an application from writing a signed vulnerable driver to the system.(Citation: Malicious Driver Reporting Center) On Windows 10 and 11, enable Microsoft Vulnerable Driver Blocklist to assist in hardening against third party-developed...
M1040
mitigates
T1055.002
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.004
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1027.014
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10+, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent execution of potentially obfuscated payloads"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.006
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.009
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1027.010
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10+, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block execution of potentially obfuscated scripts.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Obfuscation)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.012
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1047
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block processes created by WMI commands from running. Note: many legitimate tools and applications utilize WMI for command execution. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1059.007
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) scripts from executing potentially malicious downloaded content (Citation: win10_asr)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1204
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent executable files from running unless they meet a prevalence, age, or trusted list criteria and to prevent Office applications from creating potentially malicious executable content by blocking malicious code from being written to disk...
M1040
mitigates
T1543
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent an application from writing a signed vulnerable driver to the system.(Citation: Malicious Driver Reporting Center) On Windows 10 and 11, enable Microsoft Vulnerable Driver Blocklist to assist in hardening against third party-developed...
M1040
mitigates
T1559.002
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1574
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of behaviors related to process injection/memory tampering based on common sequences of indicators (ex: execution of specific API functions)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1569.002
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block processes created by [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) from running. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.014
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.013
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1216.001
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, update Windows Defender Application Control policies to include rules that block the older, vulnerable versions of PubPrn.(Citation: Microsoft_rec_block_rules)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1036
attack
id
{"description":"Implement security controls on the endpoint, such as a Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS), to identify and prevent execution of potentially malicious files (such as those with mismatching file signatures)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.003
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.004
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1091
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block unsigned/untrusted executable files (such as .exe, .dll, or .scr) from running from USB removable drives. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1003
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to secure LSASS and prevent credential stealing. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.001
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.002
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1574.013
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of behaviors related to process injection/memory tampering based on common sequences of indicators (ex: execution of specific API functions)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1059.005
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) scripts from executing potentially malicious downloaded content (Citation: win10_asr)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.011
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}