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10.5k
M1040
mitigates
T1564.014
attack
id
{"description":"During artifact review, packaging, or deployment stages, scan extended attributes alongside file contents to detect hidden payloads, obfuscated data, or suspicious attribute keys that may indicate malicious behavior."}
M1040
mitigates
T1027.012
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent execution of potentially obfuscated scripts or payloads."}
M1040
mitigates
T1486
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable cloud-delivered protection and Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block the execution of files that resemble ransomware.(Citation: win10_asr) In AWS environments, create an IAM policy to restrict or block the use of SSE-C on S3 buckets.(Citation: Halcyon AWS Ransomware 2025)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.005
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1204.002
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, various Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules can be enabled to prevent the execution of potentially malicious executable files (such as those that have been downloaded and executed by Office applications/scripting interpreters/email clients or that do not meet specific prevalence, age, or...
M1040
mitigates
T1055.008
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1106
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office VBA macros from calling Win32 APIs. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1055
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. For example, on Windows 10, Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules may prevent Office applications from code injection. (Citation: win1...
M1040
mitigates
T1569
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block processes created by [PsExec](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0029) from running. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1006
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of behaviors related to efforts by an adversary to create backups, such as command execution or preventing API calls to backup related services."}
M1040
mitigates
T1559
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent DDE attacks and spawning of child processes from Office programs.(Citation: Microsoft ASR Nov 2017)(Citation: Enigma Reviving DDE Jan 2018)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1027
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10+, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent execution of potentially obfuscated payloads. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1027.009
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent execution of potentially obfuscated scripts.(Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1137.003
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent Office applications from creating child processes and from writing potentially malicious executable content to disk. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1546.003
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent malware from abusing WMI to attain persistence.(Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1003.001
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to secure LSASS and prevent credential stealing. (Citation: win10_asr)"}
M1040
mitigates
T1059
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to prevent [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) and [JavaScript](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007) scripts from executing potentially malicious downloaded content (Citation: win10_asr)."}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.005
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1027.013
attack
id
{"description":"On Windows 10+, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block execution of potentially obfuscated scripts.(Citation: Obfuscated scripts)\n\nSecurity tools should be configured to analyze the encoding properties of files and detect anomalies that deviate from standard encoding practices."}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.001
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process. "}
M1040
mitigates
T1055.015
attack
id
{"description":"Some endpoint security solutions can be configured to block some types of process injection based on common sequences of behavior that occur during the injection process."}
M1040
modified
2024-12-10 16:29:44.429000+00:00
attack
date
M1040
name
Behavior Prevention on Endpoint
attack
string
M1040
rdf:type
Mitigation
attack
enum
{"version":"1.1"}
M1040
url
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1040
attack
url
M1041
created
2019-06-11 16:43:44.834000+00:00
attack
date
M1041
description
Protect sensitive information at rest, in transit, and during processing by using strong encryption algorithms. Encryption ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data, preventing unauthorized access or tampering. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Encrypt Data at Rest: - Use Case...
attack
string
M1041
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1041
mitigates
T1659
attack
id
{"description":"Where possible, ensure that online traffic is appropriately encrypted through services such as trusted VPNs."}
M1041
mitigates
T1552
attack
id
{"description":"When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. "}
M1041
mitigates
T1557.002
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS."}
M1041
mitigates
T1557
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS."}
M1041
mitigates
T1070
attack
id
{"description":"Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary."}
M1041
mitigates
T1602.002
attack
id
{"description":"Configure SNMPv3 to use the highest level of security (authPriv) available.(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017) "}
M1041
mitigates
T1003
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure Domain Controller backups are properly secured."}
M1041
mitigates
T1565.002
attack
id
{"description":"Encrypt all important data flows to reduce the impact of tailored modifications on data in transit."}
M1041
mitigates
T1565
attack
id
{"description":"Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary\u2019s ability to perform tailored data modifications."}
M1041
mitigates
T1558
attack
id
{"description":"Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1530
attack
id
{"description":"Encrypt data stored at rest in cloud storage.(Citation: Amazon S3 Security, 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Storage Security, 2019) Managed encryption keys can be rotated by most providers. At a minimum, ensure an incident response plan to storage breach includes rotating the keys and test for impact on...
M1041
mitigates
T1213.006
attack
id
{"description":"Encrypt data stored at rest in databases."}
M1041
mitigates
T1040
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS."}
M1041
mitigates
T1114.002
attack
id
{"description":"Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages."}
M1041
mitigates
T1602.001
attack
id
{"description":"Configure SNMPv3 to use the highest level of security (authPriv) available.(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1685.005
attack
id
{"description":"Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary."}
M1041
mitigates
T1119
attack
id
{"description":"Encryption and off-system storage of sensitive information may be one way to mitigate collection of files, but may not stop an adversary from acquiring the information if an intrusion persists over a long period of time and the adversary is able to discover and access the data through other means. Stron...
M1041
mitigates
T1649
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure certificates as well as associated private keys are appropriately secured. Consider utilizing additional hardware credential protections such as trusted platform modules (TPM) or hardware security modules (HSM). Enforce HTTPS and enable Extended Protection for\nAuthentication.(Citation: SpecterOp...
M1041
mitigates
T1114.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages."}
M1041
mitigates
T1565.001
attack
id
{"description":"Consider encrypting important information to reduce an adversary\u2019s ability to perform tailored data modifications."}
M1041
mitigates
T1558.004
attack
id
{"description":"Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1669
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure that web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS."}
M1041
mitigates
T1114
attack
id
{"description":"Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages."}
M1041
mitigates
T1558.003
attack
id
{"description":"Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1020.001
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that all wired and/or wireless traffic is encrypted appropriately. Use best practices for authentication protocols, such as Kerberos, and ensure web traffic that may contain credentials is protected by SSL/TLS."}
M1041
mitigates
T1685.006
attack
id
{"description":"Obfuscate/encrypt event files locally and in transit to avoid giving feedback to an adversary."}
M1041
mitigates
T1602
attack
id
{"description":"Configure SNMPv3 to use the highest level of security (authPriv) available.(Citation: US-CERT TA17-156A SNMP Abuse 2017)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1003.003
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure Domain Controller backups are properly secured.(Citation: Metcalf 2015)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1552.004
attack
id
{"description":"When possible, store keys on separate cryptographic hardware instead of on the local system. For example, on Windows systems use a TPM to secure keys and other sensitive credential material.(Citation: Microsoft Primary Refresh Token)"}
M1041
mitigates
T1550.001
attack
id
{"description":"File encryption should be enforced across email communications containing sensitive information that may be obtained through access to email services."}
M1041
mitigates
T1114.001
attack
id
{"description":"Use of encryption provides an added layer of security to sensitive information sent over email. Encryption using public key cryptography requires the adversary to obtain the private certificate along with an encryption key to decrypt messages."}
M1041
mitigates
T1213
attack
id
{"description":"Encrypt data stored at rest in databases. "}
M1041
mitigates
T1558.002
attack
id
{"description":"Enable AES Kerberos encryption (or another stronger encryption algorithm), rather than RC4, where possible.(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking Kerberos Dec 2015)"}
M1041
modified
2025-04-02 17:28:57.029000+00:00
attack
date
M1041
name
Encrypt Sensitive Information
attack
string
M1041
rdf:type
Mitigation
attack
enum
{"version":"1.1"}
M1041
url
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1041
attack
url
M1042
created
2019-06-11 16:45:19.740000+00:00
attack
date
M1042
description
Disable or remove unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software, features, or services to reduce the attack surface and prevent abuse by adversaries. This involves identifying software or features that are no longer needed or that could be exploited and ensuring they are either removed or properly disabled. This miti...
attack
string
M1042
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1042
mitigates
T1547.007
attack
id
{"description":"This feature can be disabled entirely with the following terminal command: <code>defaults write -g ApplePersistence -bool no</code>."}
M1042
mitigates
T1021.004
attack
id
{"description":"Disable the SSH daemon on systems that do not require it, especially ESXi servers. For macOS, ensure Remote Login is disabled under Sharing Preferences.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1671
attack
id
{"description":"Do not allow users to add new application integrations into a SaaS environment. In Entra ID environments, consider enforcing the \u201cDo not allow user consent\u201d option.(Citation: Microsoft Entra Configure OAuth Consent)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1021.005
attack
id
{"description":"Uninstall any VNC server software where not required."}
M1042
mitigates
T1210
attack
id
{"description":"Minimize available services to only those that are necessary."}
M1042
mitigates
T1059.005
attack
id
{"description":"Turn off or restrict access to unneeded VB components."}
M1042
mitigates
T1595.003
attack
id
{"description":"Remove or disable access to any systems, resources, and infrastructure that are not explicitly required to be available externally."}
M1042
mitigates
T1021.006
attack
id
{"description":"Disable the WinRM service."}
M1042
mitigates
T1559
attack
id
{"description":"Registry keys specific to Microsoft Office feature control security can be set to disable automatic DDE/OLE execution. (Citation: Microsoft DDE Advisory Nov 2017)(Citation: BleepingComputer DDE Disabled in Word Dec 2017)(Citation: GitHub Disable DDEAUTO Oct 2017) Microsoft also created, and enabled by d...
M1042
mitigates
T1564.006
attack
id
{"description":"Disable native virtualization technologies such as Hyper-V if not necessary within a given environment. Consider also disabling Windows Sandbox if it is not needed to test or debug applications."}
M1042
mitigates
T1557.001
attack
id
{"description":"Disable LLMNR, mDNS, and NetBIOS in local computer security settings or by group policy if they are not needed within an environment. (Citation: ADSecurity Windows Secure Baseline)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1046
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure that unnecessary ports and services are closed to prevent risk of discovery and potential exploitation."}
M1042
mitigates
T1218.015
attack
id
{"description":"Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software and features to prevent abuse by adversaries. Many native binaries may not be necessary within a given environment: for example, consider disabling the Node.js integration in all renderers that display remote content to protect use...
M1042
mitigates
T1127.002
attack
id
{"description":"Disable ClickOnce installations from the internet using the following registry key: \n`\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\.NETFramework\\Security\\TrustManager\\PromptingLevel \u2014 Internet:Disabled`(Citation: NetSPI ClickOnce)(Citation: Microsoft Learn ClickOnce Config)\n\nClickOnce may not b...
M1042
mitigates
T1649
attack
id
{"description":"Consider disabling old/dangerous authentication protocols (e.g. NTLM), as well as unnecessary certificate features, such as potentially vulnerable AD CS web and other enrollment server roles.(Citation: SpecterOps Certified Pre Owned)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1114.003
attack
id
{"description":"Consider disabling external email forwarding.(Citation: Microsoft BEC Campaign)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1557
attack
id
{"description":"Disable legacy network protocols that may be used to intercept network traffic if applicable, especially those that are not needed within an environment."}
M1042
mitigates
T1011
attack
id
{"description":"Disable WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another radio frequency (RF) channel in local computer security settings or by group policy if it is not needed within an environment."}
M1042
mitigates
T1098
attack
id
{"description":"Remove unnecessary and potentially abusable authentication and authorization mechanisms where possible."}
M1042
mitigates
T1685
attack
id
{"description":"Consider removing previous versions of tools that are unnecessary to the environment when possible."}
M1042
mitigates
T1052.001
attack
id
{"description":"Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if they are not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1553.005
attack
id
{"description":"Consider disabling auto-mounting of disk image files (i.e., .iso, .img, .vhd, and .vhdx). This can be achieved by modifying the Registry values related to the Windows Explorer file associations in order to disable the automatic Explorer \"Mount and Burn\" dialog for these file extensions. Note: this wil...
M1042
mitigates
T1505
attack
id
{"description":"Consider disabling software components from servers when possible to prevent abuse by adversaries.(Citation: ITSyndicate Disabling PHP functions)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1127.003
attack
id
{"description":"JamPlus may not be necessary within a given environment and should be removed if not used."}
M1042
mitigates
T1059.001
attack
id
{"description":"It may be possible to remove PowerShell from systems when not needed, but a review should be performed to assess the impact to an environment, since it could be in use for many legitimate purposes and administrative functions.\n\nDisable/restrict the WinRM Service to help prevent uses of PowerShell for ...
M1042
mitigates
T1218.008
attack
id
{"description":"Odbcconf.exe may not be necessary within a given environment."}
M1042
mitigates
T1091
attack
id
{"description":"Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. (Citation: Microsoft Disable Autorun) Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if it is not required for business operations. (Citation: TechNet Removable Media Control)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1137
attack
id
{"description":"Follow Office macro security best practices suitable for your environment. Disable Office VBA macros from executing.\n\nDisable Office add-ins. If they are required, follow best practices for securing them by requiring them to be signed and disabling user notification for allowing add-ins. For some add-...
M1042
mitigates
T1546.002
attack
id
{"description":"Use Group Policy to disable screensavers if they are unnecessary.(Citation: TechNet Screensaver GP)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1059
attack
id
{"description":"Disable or remove any unnecessary or unused shells or interpreters."}
M1042
mitigates
T1021.003
attack
id
{"description":"Consider disabling DCOM through Dcomcnfg.exe.(Citation: Microsoft Disable DCOM)"}
M1042
mitigates
T1021.001
attack
id
{"description":"Disable the RDP service if it is unnecessary."}