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M1046
description
Boot Integrity ensures that a system starts securely by verifying the integrity of its boot process, operating system, and associated components. This mitigation focuses on leveraging secure boot mechanisms, hardware-rooted trust, and runtime integrity checks to prevent tampering during the boot sequence. It is designe...
attack
string
M1046
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1046
mitigates
T1195
attack
id
{"description":"Use secure methods to boot a system and verify the integrity of the operating system and loading mechanisms."}
M1046
mitigates
T1542.001
attack
id
{"description":"Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. Use Trusted Platform Module technology. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) Move system's root of trust to hardware to prevent tampering with the SPI flash memory.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018) Techno...
M1046
mitigates
T1542.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised.(Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module)(Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1601.001
attack
id
{"description":"Some vendors of embedded network devices provide cryptographic signing to ensure the integrity of operating system images at boot time. Implement where available, following vendor guidelines. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1195.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process...
M1046
mitigates
T1542.004
attack
id
{"description":"Enable secure boot features to validate the digital signature of the boot environment and system image using a special purpose hardware device. If the validation check fails, the device will fail to boot preventing loading of unauthorized software. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Sec...
M1046
mitigates
T1505
attack
id
{"description":"Enabling secure boot allows validation of software and drivers during initial system boot."}
M1046
mitigates
T1553.006
attack
id
{"description":"Use of Secure Boot may prevent some implementations of modification to code signing policies.(Citation: Microsoft TESTSIGNING Feb 2021)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1601
attack
id
{"description":"Some vendors of embedded network devices provide cryptographic signing to ensure the integrity of operating system images at boot time. Implement where available, following vendor guidelines. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1505.006
attack
id
{"description":"Enabling secure boot allows ESXi to validate software and drivers during initial system boot.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi Hardening 2023)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1601.002
attack
id
{"description":"Some vendors of embedded network devices provide cryptographic signing to ensure the integrity of operating system images at boot time. Implement where available, following vendor guidelines. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Secure Boot)"}
M1046
mitigates
T1542
attack
id
{"description":"Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. Check the integrity of the existing BIOS or EFI to determine if it is vulnerable to modification. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process...
M1046
mitigates
T1495
attack
id
{"description":"Check the integrity of the existing BIOS and device firmware to determine if it is vulnerable to modification."}
M1046
mitigates
T1542.005
attack
id
{"description":"Enable secure boot features to validate the digital signature of the boot environment and system image using a special purpose hardware device. If the validation check fails, the device will fail to boot preventing loading of unauthorized software. (Citation: Cisco IOS Software Integrity Assurance - Sec...
M1046
modified
2024-12-10 18:48:36.517000+00:00
attack
date
M1046
name
Boot Integrity
attack
string
M1046
rdf:type
Mitigation
attack
enum
{"version":"1.1"}
M1046
url
https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1046
attack
url
M1047
created
2019-06-11 17:06:14.029000+00:00
attack
date
M1047
description
Auditing is the process of recording activity and systematically reviewing and analyzing the activity and system configurations. The primary purpose of auditing is to detect anomalies and identify potential threats or weaknesses in the environment. Proper auditing configurations can also help to meet compliance require...
attack
string
M1047
domain
enterprise-attack
attack
string
M1047
mitigates
T1484
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and correct GPO permissions abuse opportunities (ex: GPO modification privileges) using auditing tools such as [BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) (version 1.5.1 and later)(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)."}
M1047
mitigates
T1059.006
attack
id
{"description":"Inventory systems for unauthorized Python installations."}
M1047
mitigates
T1036
attack
id
{"description":"Audit user accounts to ensure that each one has a defined purpose."}
M1047
mitigates
T1482
attack
id
{"description":"Map the trusts within existing domains/forests and keep trust relationships to a minimum."}
M1047
mitigates
T1053.003
attack
id
{"description":"Review changes to the <code>cron</code> schedule. <code>cron</code> execution can be reviewed within the <code>/var/log</code> directory. To validate the location of the <code>cron</code> log file, check the syslog config at <code>/etc/rsyslog.conf</code> or <code>/etc/syslog.conf</code>."}
M1047
mitigates
T1574.005
attack
id
{"description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)...
M1047
mitigates
T1505.005
attack
id
{"description":"Regularly check component software on critical services that adversaries may target for persistence to verify the integrity of the systems and identify if unexpected changes have been made."}
M1047
mitigates
T1686.001
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check account role permissions to ensure only expected users and roles have permission to modify cloud firewalls. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1176.001
attack
id
{"description":" Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones, as many malicious extensions will masquerade as legitimate ones."}
M1047
mitigates
T1505
attack
id
{"description":"Regularly check component software on critical services that adversaries may target for persistence to verify the integrity of the systems and identify if unexpected changes have been made."}
M1047
mitigates
T1542
attack
id
{"description":"Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses."}
M1047
mitigates
T1566
attack
id
{"description":"Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses."}
M1047
mitigates
T1484.001
attack
id
{"description":"Identify and correct GPO permissions abuse opportunities (ex: GPO modification privileges) using auditing tools such as [BloodHound](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0521) (version 1.5.1 and later).(Citation: GitHub Bloodhound)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1539
attack
id
{"description":"Implement auditing for authentication activities and user logins to detect the use of stolen session cookies. Monitor for impossible travel scenarios and anomalous behavior that could indicate the use of compromised session tokens or cookies."}
M1047
mitigates
T1505.001
attack
id
{"description":"Regularly check component software on critical services that adversaries may target for persistence to verify the integrity of the systems and identify if unexpected changes have been made. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1564.006
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically audit virtual machines for abnormalities. On ESXi servers, periodically compare the output of `vim-cmd vmsvc/getallvms`, which lists all VMs in vCenter, and `escxli vm process list | grep Display`, which lists all VMs hosted on ESXi.(Citation: MITRE VMware Abuse 2024)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1686
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check account role permissions to ensure only expected users and roles have permission to modify system firewalls."}
M1047
mitigates
T1686.002
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check account role permissions to ensure only expected users and roles have permission to modify system firewalls."}
M1047
mitigates
T1574.009
attack
id
{"description":"Find and eliminate path interception weaknesses in program configuration files, scripts, the PATH environment variable, services, and in shortcuts by surrounding PATH variables with quotation marks when functions allow for them. Be aware of the search order Windows uses for executing or loading binaries...
M1047
mitigates
T1685.001
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of <code>auditpol</code> settings for Administrator accounts and perform dynamic baselining on SIEM(s) to investigate potential malicious activity. Also ensure that the EventLog service and its threads are properly running."}
M1047
mitigates
T1021.001
attack
id
{"description":"Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups."}
M1047
mitigates
T1564.008
attack
id
{"description":"Enterprise email solutions may have monitoring mechanisms that may include the ability to audit inbox rules on a regular basis. \n\nIn an Exchange environment, Administrators can use `Get-InboxRule` / `Remove-InboxRule` and `Get-TransportRule` / `Remove-TransportRule` to discover and remove potentially ...
M1047
mitigates
T1548.002
attack
id
{"description":"Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate.(Citation: Github UACMe)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1558.004
attack
id
{"description":"Kerberos preauthentication is enabled by default. Older protocols might not support preauthentication therefore it is possible to have this setting disabled. Make sure that all accounts have preauthentication whenever possible and audit changes to setting. Windows tools such as PowerShell may be used to...
M1047
mitigates
T1027.011
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of common fileless storage locations (such as the Registry or WMI repository) to potentially identify abnormal and malicious data."}
M1047
mitigates
T1053.002
attack
id
{"description":"Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit) Windows operating system also creates a registry key specifically associated with the creati...
M1047
mitigates
T1543.003
attack
id
{"description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1671
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically review SaaS integrations for unapproved or potentially malicious applications. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1550
attack
id
{"description":"Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses."}
M1047
mitigates
T1552.006
attack
id
{"description":"Search SYSVOL for any existing GGPs that may contain credentials and remove them.(Citation: ADSecurity Finding Passwords in SYSVOL)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1685
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically verify that tools are functioning appropriately \u2013 for example, that all expected hosts with EDRs or monitoring agents are checking in to the central console. Check EDRs to ensure that no unexpected exclusion paths have been added. In Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, exclusions can be r...
M1047
mitigates
T1528
attack
id
{"description":"Administrators should audit all cloud and container accounts to ensure that they are necessary and that the permissions granted to them are appropriate. Additionally, administrators should perform an audit of all OAuth applications and the permissions they have been granted to access organizational dat...
M1047
mitigates
T1574
attack
id
{"description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting hijacking opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for hijacking weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)\n\nUse the program sxstrace.exe that is i...
M1047
mitigates
T1610
attack
id
{"description":"Scan images before deployment, and block those that are not in compliance with security policies. In Kubernetes environments, the admission controller can be used to validate images after a container deployment request is authenticated but before the container is deployed.(Citation: Kubernetes Hardening...
M1047
mitigates
T1606.001
attack
id
{"description":"Administrators should perform an audit of all access lists and the permissions they have been granted to access web applications and services. This should be done extensively on all resources in order to establish a baseline, followed up on with periodic audits of new or updated resources. Suspicious ac...
M1047
mitigates
T1213.001
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive Confluence repositories."}
M1047
mitigates
T1213.005
attack
id
{"description":"Preemptively search through communication services to find inappropriately shared data, and take actions to reduce exposure when found. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1566.002
attack
id
{"description":"Audit applications and their permissions to ensure access to data and resources are limited based upon necessity and principle of least privilege."}
M1047
mitigates
T1546.006
attack
id
{"description":"Binaries can also be baselined for what dynamic libraries they require, and if an app requires a new dynamic library that wasn't included as part of an update, it should be investigated."}
M1047
mitigates
T1564
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically audit virtual machines for abnormalities."}
M1047
mitigates
T1543
attack
id
{"description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting privilege and service abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them."}
M1047
mitigates
T1558.005
attack
id
{"description":"Enable and perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) For example, use <code>auditd</code> to audit access to hashes, machine tickets, or <code>/tmp</code> files. If using sssd an...
M1047
mitigates
T1213.002
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive SharePoint repositories."}
M1047
mitigates
T1556.008
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically review for new and unknown network provider DLLs within the Registry (`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\<NetworkProviderName>\\NetworkProvider\\ProviderPath`).\n\nEnsure only valid network provider DLLs are registered. The name of these can be found in the Registry k...
M1047
mitigates
T1563.002
attack
id
{"description":"Audit the Remote Desktop Users group membership regularly. Remove unnecessary accounts and groups from Remote Desktop Users groups."}
M1047
mitigates
T1021
attack
id
{"description":"Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses."}
M1047
mitigates
T1578.001
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to create snapshots and backups."}
M1047
mitigates
T1021.005
attack
id
{"description":"Inventory workstations for unauthorized VNC server software."}
M1047
mitigates
T1176.002
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones, as many malicious extensions may masquerade as legitimate ones. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1552.008
attack
id
{"description":"Preemptively search through communication services to find shared unsecured credentials. Searching for common patterns like \"<code>password is </code>\", \u201c<code>password=</code>\u201d and take actions to reduce exposure when found. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1566.001
attack
id
{"description":"Enable auditing and monitoring for email attachments and file transfers to detect and investigate suspicious activity. Regularly review logs for anomalies related to attachments containing potentially malicious content, as well as any attempts to execute or interact with these files. This practice helps...
M1047
mitigates
T1070.008
attack
id
{"description":"In an Exchange environment, Administrators can use `Get-TransportRule` / `Remove-TransportRule` to discover and remove potentially malicious transport rules.(Citation: Microsoft Manage Mail Flow Rules 2023)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1059.011
attack
id
{"description":"Inventory systems for unauthorized Lua installations."}
M1047
mitigates
T1550.001
attack
id
{"description":"Administrators should audit all cloud and container accounts to ensure that they are necessary and that the permissions granted to them are appropriate. Where possible, the ability to request temporary account tokens on behalf of another accounts should be disabled. Additionally, administrators can leve...
M1047
mitigates
T1684
attack
id
{"description":"Enables correlation of email/identity/SaaS/endpoint activity that appears legitimate.(Citation: Proofpoint TA427 April 2024)(Citation: Unit 42 Global Incident Response Report 2026)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1606.002
attack
id
{"description":"Enable advanced auditing on AD FS. Check the success and failure audit options in the AD FS Management snap-in. Enable Audit Application Generated events on the AD FS farm via Group Policy Object.(Citation: FireEye ADFS)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1095
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically investigate ESXi hosts for open VMCI ports. Running the `lsof -A` command and inspecting results with a type of `SOCKET_VMCI` will reveal processes that have open VMCI ports.(Citation: Google Cloud Threat Intelligence ESXi Hardening 2023)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1087.004
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the ability to list IAM identities or otherwise discover cloud accounts."}
M1047
mitigates
T1556.006
attack
id
{"description":"Review MFA actions alongside authentication logs to ensure that MFA-based logins are functioning as intended. Review user accounts to ensure that all accounts have MFA enabled.(Citation: Mandiant Cloudy Logs 2023)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1578
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely monitor user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to modify cloud compute infrastructure components."}
M1047
mitigates
T1560.001
attack
id
{"description":"System scans can be performed to identify unauthorized archival utilities."}
M1047
mitigates
T1548
attack
id
{"description":"Check for common UAC bypass weaknesses on Windows systems to be aware of the risk posture and address issues where appropriate.(Citation: Github UACMe)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1036.012
attack
id
{"description":"Review and limit the fingerprinting surface to only necessary information on each browser to make the browser less unique. For example, the available fonts may be limited to a standard font list. (Citation: W3C)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1213.003
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic reviews of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive code repositories. Scan code repositories for exposed credentials or other sensitive information."}
M1047
mitigates
T1685.004
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely check account role permissions to ensure only expected users and roles have permission to modify logging settings.\n\nTo ensure Audit rules can not be modified at runtime, add the `auditctl -e 2` as the last command in the audit.rules files. Once started, any attempt to change the configuratio...
M1047
mitigates
T1578.005
attack
id
{"description":"Routinely monitor user permissions to ensure only the expected users have the capability to request quota adjustments or modify tenant-level compute settings."}
M1047
mitigates
T1566.003
attack
id
{"description":"Implement auditing and logging for interactions with third-party messaging services or collaboration platforms. Monitor user activity and review logs for signs of suspicious links, downloads, or file exchanges that could indicate spearphishing attempts. Effective auditing allows for the quick identifica...
M1047
mitigates
T1552.002
attack
id
{"description":"Proactively search for credentials within the Registry and attempt to remediate the risk."}
M1047
mitigates
T1053
attack
id
{"description":"Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for permission weaknesses in scheduled tasks that could be used to escalate privileges. (Citation: Powersploit)"}
M1047
mitigates
T1574.010
attack
id
{"description":"Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses.(Citation: Powersploit)...
M1047
mitigates
T1560
attack
id
{"description":"System scans can be performed to identify unauthorized archival utilities."}
M1047
mitigates
T1027
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of common fileless storage locations (such as the Registry or WMI repository) to potentially identify abnormal and malicious data."}
M1047
mitigates
T1505.004
attack
id
{"description":"Regularly check installed IIS components to verify the integrity of the web server and identify if unexpected changes have been made."}
M1047
mitigates
T1176
attack
id
{"description":"Ensure extensions that are installed are the intended ones, as many malicious extensions may masquerade as legitimate ones. "}
M1047
mitigates
T1213.004
attack
id
{"description":"Consider periodic review of accounts and privileges for critical and sensitive CRM data."}
M1047
mitigates
T1556.007
attack
id
{"description":"Periodically review the hybrid identity solution in use for any discrepancies. For example, review all PTA agents in the Entra ID Management Portal to identify any unwanted or unapproved ones.(Citation: Mandiant Azure AD Backdoors) If ADFS is in use, review DLLs and executable files in the AD FS and Glo...
M1047
mitigates
T1552
attack
id
{"description":"Preemptively search for files containing passwords or other credentials and take actions to reduce the exposure risk when found."}