id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
381
| title
stringlengths 1
211
| text
stringlengths 1.02k
2.05k
| edu_quality
float64 1.91
4.03
| naive_quality
int64 0
0
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
77219077
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20J.%20Stivale
|
Charles J. Stivale
|
Charles Joseph Stivale (born 1949) is an American scholar of French literature and critical theory, author, literary critic, and academic. Stivale is particularly known for his work on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of French at Wayne State University (WSU).
As a professor of French literature, Stivale has contributed to the narrative study of the nineteenth-century French authors Stendhal, Jules Vallès and Guy de Maupassant. He also studied Louisiana's cultural heritage in Cajun dance and music. His work on Deleuze and Guattari has included critical studies, translations, and he currently serves as co-director (with Daniel W. Smith) of the Deleuze Seminars project.
Early life and education
Stivale was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey and attended Cascia Hall Preparatory School in Tulsa, Oklahoma, graduating in 1967. He earned his B.A. from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois in 1971. He then pursued graduate studies at Sorbonne-Paris IV, where he completed his M.A. in 1973 and a Maîtrise in 1974. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1981.
Academic career
While a graduate student at Illinois, Stivale directed the Knox College Junior Year Program in Besançon, France (1976–77). His teaching career began as a lecturer at Western Michigan University (1980–1981). He directed the CIEE Junior Year Abroad Program at the University of Haute-Bretagne in Rennes, France (1981–1982). He was an assistant professor at Franklin & Marshall College (1982–1986). In 1986, he moved to Louisiana and taught French at Tulane University until 1990, when he joined WSU as an associate professor.
As a faculty member at WSU, Stivale was awarded tenure in 1992 and was promoted to full professor in 1996. He served as the Chair of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures from 1996 to 2002 and as the interim Chair of the Department of Art and Art History from 2002 to 2003. In 2005, he was appointed as a Distinguished Professor and retired in 2019.
| 2
| 0
|
77219306
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bittner
|
William Bittner
|
William Robert Bittner (1922 – 1977) was an American academic who specialized in American literature.
After studying at the State Teachers College in Lock Haven and the University of Pennsylvania, he taught at a variety of universities across the United States and Europe. He published hundreds of magazine articles and several works on literary figures like Waldo Frank and Edgar Allan Poe.
Early life and education
William Robert Bittner was born in 1922, the son of John E. Bittner, Sr. and Alice G. Kane Bittner and brother of John E. Bittner, Jr. He was raised in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, graduating from its high school in 1938.
In 1942, he was a student at the State Teachers College in Lock Haven. That year, he published a poem titled "Corporal Cloud, Before Battle" in the college's literary journal The Crucible and won an annual student poetry competition hosted by The Atlantic Monthly. He was editor of the College Times newspaper and a members of the College Players, performing in plays including Watch on the Rhine. He also wrote his own plays to be performed. Bittner graduated from the school in 1943. After graduating, he served in the military during World War II.
In 1949, he studied at the University of Pennsylvania's graduate school and taught in the university's Wharton School. He received a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania in June 1955.
Academic career
Prior to September 1955, Bittner was a teacher at The New School for Social Research in New York City. He also previously taught at Rutgers University and the University of Delaware.
In September 1955, Bittner joined the faculty of Paterson State Teachers College as an instructor in English.
In 1958, Bittner was working as an assistant professor of English at Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey. He also taught at the Free University of Berlin and was a Fulbright Professor in France, speaking French and German fluently. In 1964, he began serving as chair of the English department at Wesleyan College.
| 2.5625
| 0
|
77219667
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D%20Sasaki
|
Shōichirō Sasaki
|
was a Japanese filmmaker.
Biography
Sasaki was born on January 25, 1936, in Tokyo, Japan. During World War II, Sasaki was frequently evacuated to the countryside. His father, Shūichirō, was a freelance journalist who had been fired in 1930 after criticizing the Japanese military. After working in Manchukuo under surveillance by the Special Higher Police, Shūichirō returned to Tokyo in July 1943. According to Shōichirō, his father began to bleed from the mouth and collapsed after eating a peach from a vendor while they were travelling to his father's native Miyagi Prefecture. His father was then hauled away by secret police agents disguised as sailors, and died in custody.
Sasaki graduated from Rikkyo University and was hired by NHK in 1960, and began directing radio dramas. He collaborated with Shūji Terayama on the 1966 radio drama Comet Ikeya, Terayama adding a fictional narrative to Sasaki's interviews with amateur astronomer Kaoru Ikeya. Sasaki directed several films for NHK, beginning with the 1969 film Mother. His films won multiple awards and enjoyed support primarily from young viewers, influencing future directors such as Hirokazu Kore-eda, Naomi Kawase and Shinya Tsukamoto. After retiring from NHK in 1995, Sasaki worked as a professor at Bunkyo University until 2005. His first and only feature film, Harmonics Minyoung, is an anti-war quasi-documentary musical in Japanese, Korean and English, with period scenes based on his own wartime experiences including the death of his father.
Sasaki died on June 14, 2024, at the age of 88.
Selected filmography
| 2.171875
| 0
|
77219759
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%27s%20marriage%20proposal
|
Major's marriage proposal
|
There are also known copies of "The Matchmaking Major" by other 19th-century artists. One such copy, painted by an unknown artist, is in the Kyiv Museum of Russian Art. There was another copy in the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery, painted by Apollon Mokritsky. In 1929 it was transferred to the Dnipro Art Museum, in 1941 it was exhibited at Fedotov's personal exhibition in the State Russian Museum in Leningrad, and its traces were lost afterward.
Reviews
Art critic Vladimir Stasov, in the article "Twenty-five Years of Russian Art", published in 1883, spoke about his acquaintance with Pavel Fedotov "in the best, strongest period of his life, in those years when he wrote" Matchmaking Major". Stasov noted that Fedotov, while creating the paintings "The Fresh Cavalier" and "Major's marriage proposal", "suddenly touched such deep notes that no one before him had ever touched in Russian art". Commenting on the painting "Major's marriage proposal", which appeared at the exhibition in 1849, Stasov wrote that, despite the apparent amusement of the characters depicted in it, it was a struggle of two hostile camps trying to deceive each other — "tragedy peeping menacingly from behind a cheerful and amusing outer screen".
In his memoirs about Fedotov, the art historian Andrei Somov told about the great interest of the public in "The Dating of the Major" and other paintings of the artist, exhibited at the academic exhibition in 1849. He wrote that these paintings "depicted scenes completely taken from real life, full of profound thoughts and healthy humor, interesting both for art connoisseurs and for the profane. In Somov's opinion, it was these qualities that distinguished Fedotov's paintings from the many more "boring" works by artists-academics presented at the exhibition.
| 1.90625
| 0
|
77219969
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanwhile%20Gardens
|
Meanwhile Gardens
|
The growing community gardens became a "green lung" within a densely populated London neighbourhood, and maintained its policy of allowing all members of the community to have opportunities. By the early 1980s, partly thanks to favourable funding by the Greater London Council, the Manpower Commission and others, park features and activities included an extensive BMX bike ramp system and an affiliated boating/boatbuilding club in addition to skateboarding, concerts and parties.
In 1981, film-maker Steve Shaw made a short documentary about the park's origins and its ongoing community, which was shown on Channel 4 in 1983.
Circa 1990, the Mind mental health charity took over the running of a half-acre space within the park as "The Wildlife Garden", hosting a range of horticulture and nature-based programmes teaching both the foundation of good gardening practices and the focused, mindful engagement of all the senses with their surroundings. The Wildlife Garden won the UK-MAB Urban Wildlife Award for Excellence in 2008.
In 1999, Westminster City Council granted a longer-term lease for part of the park. In 2000, various refurbishment were made to assorted park spaces by landscape architects Planet Earth, with support from National Lottery funding and from the British Waterways Board. The Meanwhile Gardens Community Association currently operates out of an unleased disused factory building in the north-west corner of the park, simply referred to as "the Factory Building". In 2007, the MGCA (alongside other community members and local ward councillor Pat Mason) successfully fought off an attempt to develop the western end of the park for new commercial housing.
The park today
| 2.171875
| 0
|
77220004
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oda%20Buchholz
|
Oda Buchholz
|
Oda Buchholz (21 January 1940 – 2 January 2014) was a German linguist known for her expertise in the Albanian language. She made contributions to Albanian studies and Balkan linguistics.
Biography
Born on 21 January 1940 in Dessau, Germany, she began her higher education at the Faculty of History and Philology at the State University of Tirana from 1959 to 1961. She was one of the first German students to study in an Albanian-speaking environment, focusing on Albanian language and literature. Due to strained political relations between Albania and the German Democratic Republic, she could not continue her studies in Tirana. Instead, she completed her state examination at Humboldt University in Berlin in 1964, majoring in Albanology with minors in Bulgarian language and literature.
At the Berlin Academy of Sciences, Buchholz joined a dedicated group of young scholars. She collaborated with noted linguists like M. Bierwisch and worked in a research team led by W. Fiedler. Her dissertation, titled "Doubling of Objects in Albanian" (Zur Verdoppelung der Objekte im Albanischen), was completed in 1969 and published in 1977, pioneering the generative perspective on Albanian syntax.
From 1979 to 1989, Oda Buchholz taught at Humboldt University, where she developed courses such as "Albanian Syntax," "Language Practice in Albanian," and "Translation (Albanian-German, German-Albanian)." After 1990, she continued teaching and researching in Albanology and Balkanology at Freie Universität Berlin.
| 1.960938
| 0
|
77220083
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%BAbo%20people
|
Marúbo people
|
Construction
The Marúbo live in communal huts called Malocas which are always in the center of their villages. The Malocas are inhabited by several nuclear families and an owner. Each wife and her children live in a roughly 9 square meter area marked with posts where they cook and sleep and the husbands may stay with one of their wives switching periodically. Inside the Malocas there are two benches where the men eat their two daily meals, one before work and one after. The woman will eat these meals on mats in the center of the room where there is also a trough where the woman crush grains. On the outskirts of their villages they have several store houses used for storing materials such as tools, machines, clothing etc.
Diet
The Marubo hunt a variety of animals with bows and arrows (though this is becoming less common) and shotguns. The Marúbo often hunt with firearms targeting spider monkeys, woolly monkeys, collared peccaries and occasionally tapir white-lipped peccaries, paca, piping guan and curassow. They also practice hook and line fishing. The Marúbo also trap monkeys and keep them as pets.
The Marubo cultivate maize, banana, manioc, papaya, guava, nettles and cotton.
They drink a saliva-fermented beverage called Caisuma.
Economic activities
In Marúbo society, women have various responsibilities such as tending to swiddens (agricultural plots), cooking, harvesting bananas and manioc, and engaging in body painting. They also craft beads, hammocks, and clothing. From May to September, the Marúbo harvest latex from trees, while the remainder of the year is dedicated to timber harvesting. These products are sold illegally either to river merchants for profit or directly to local towns. The Marúbo purchase goods from a store operated by missionaries within their community.
| 2.78125
| 0
|
77220562
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesouro%20de%20Nobreza
|
Thesouro de Nobreza
|
Thesouro de Nobreza covers more topics than the Livro do Armeiro-Mor, including several innovations, such as the arms of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, the Military and Religious Orders, the cities and towns of Portugal, all the kings and queens of Portugal until then, and of the titled Houses of Portugal. In addition, it contains a considerably greater number of family arms. It is thus a more general and universal armorial than the Livro do Armeiro-Mor.
The manuscript was finished shortly after the end of the Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668), during which numerous noble titles created by the kings of Spain were extinguished and new ones were created to reward the supporters of the Portuguese cause. One of the merits of Thesouro de Nobreza is that it reflects this evolution (see below).
Because it was completed when historians had many more sources than at the beginning of the 16th century, it was has less historical value than the earlier armorials. The arms in Francisco Coelho's book are of a much more rudimentary execution than those of earlier armorials, which is why his work also has less artistic value. In addition to the coarse stroke, the lesser artistic note is accentuated by the fact that the arms of the families present only the respective shield, roundel, and crest, and never the helmet and mantling. The arms of the titled Houses present the shield and the respective heraldic crown. Having said this, the Thesouro de Nobreza does not fail to impress by the sheer quantity of arms and their diverse nature.
Details
Arms of the Nine Worthies
| 2.234375
| 0
|
77220718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20radar%20observation%20of%20tornadoes
|
Mobile radar observation of tornadoes
|
Starting in the mid-1900s, mobile radar vehicles were being used for academic and military research. In the late 1900s, mobile doppler weather radars were designed and created with the goal to study atmospheric phenomena.
History
Mobile doppler weather radars have been used on dozens of scientific and academic research projects from their invention in the late 1900s. One problems facing meteorological researchers was the fact that mesonets and other ground-based observation methods were being deployed too slow in order to accurately measure and study high-impact atmospheric phenomena. Between 1994-1995, the first Doppler on Wheels was constructed and was deployed for the first time at the end of the VORTEX1 Project. The Doppler on Wheels led to several scientific breakthroughs and theories regarding tornadoes. The Doppler on Wheels also led to the “first tornado wind maps, measurements of an axial downdraft and lofted debris, multiple vortices, winds versus damage and surface measurement intercomparisons, winds as low as above the ground level and low-level inflow, 3D ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) vector wind field retrievals, rapid evolution of debris over varying land use and terrain, documentation of cyclonic/anticyclonic tornado pairs and documentation of varied and complex tornado wind field structures including multiple wind field maxima and multiple vortex mesocyclones, downward propagation of vorticity and an extensive climatology of tornado intensity and size revealing, quantitatively, that tornadoes are much more intense and larger than indicated by damage surveys.”
| 2.75
| 0
|
77220784
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil%20Alkazzi
|
Basil Alkazzi
|
Basil Alkazzi (; born 1938), is Kuwait-born British visual artist, of Saudi Arabian–Kuwaiti heritage. As a painter he is known for metaphysical and spiritual abstract paintings. He has lived in London and New York City.
Biography
Basil Alkazzi was born in 1938, on a ship in the sea traveling from Kuwait to Britain. His father Hamed Ali Alkazzi, was a merchant and from an Arab family. In early childhood, he was artistic and interested in the arts. Alkazzi attended the Central School of Art in London.
In the 1960s, Alkazzi worked with the human figure as a subject; and after painting for many years, the figure appeared to stretch out into the skyline or became unrecognizable forms.
He had a solo exhibition in 1989 at the Springfield Art Center in Springfield, Illinois. His solo exhibition, "An Odyessy of Dreams" (2014) was curated by Judith K. Brodsky and displayed at the Sheldon Museum of Art in Lincoln, Nebraska.
In 1986, he established the Basil Alkazzi Scholarship at the Royal College of Art in London; and a year later in 1987, established the Basil H. Alkazzi Award for young and emerging American painters. Through the New York Foundation for the Arts (NYFA), Alkazzi established in 2010 two biennial awards.
Collections and archives
His work is in museum collections, including at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; the Art Institute of Chicago; the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum at Washington University in St. Louis; the Neuberger Museum of Art in Purchase, New York; and at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City. His artist files can be found at the Philadelphia Museum of Art Library and Archives, and the Smithsonian American Art and Portrait Gallery Library.
| 2.15625
| 0
|
77220799
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology%20of%20Angola
|
Archaeology of Angola
|
2002–present
The end of the Angolan Civil War allowed increased collaboration with international archaeologists and organizations, especially those from France and Portugal. New academic programs were introduced. Much of the new research is being done on rock art in the Ebo Valley. As part of a project by the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar and the Geosciences Center of Coimbra University to document rock art in Angola, 14 new rock shelters were discovered in 2014.
Repatriation
Efforts to repatriate archaeological artifacts and human remains back to Angola from international institutions have gained traction in recent years. During colonial rule, Angolan cultural heritage objects and human remains were removed from the country and placed in museums, institutions, and private collections. Thousands of archaeological artifacts were taken back to Portugal by Portuguese archaeologists for further study and display in museums. In the 1920s, Amandus Johnson travelled across Angola and collected artifacts for the Penn Museum at the University of Pennsylvania, United States.
Sindika Dokolo began purchasing artwork from the private collections of Hans Bogatzke. He then established the Sindika Dokolo Foundation, which had accrued over 5,000 pieces of artwork in by 2018. The foundation aims to repatriate works of art and artifacts back to the Chokwe people in Angola, many of which were looted from museums during the civil war.
Sites
John Desmond Clark divided Angola's Stone Age sites into three geographic regions, which all meet at a central point near Huambo: the Southwest, containing the highlands and plateaus, as well as most of the Angola's Atlantic Coast; the Congo in the north, from the Congo Basin south to the Cuanza River; and Zambezi in the southeast, comprising the Zambezi, Cuando, and Cubango River watershed regions. During the early years of mining operations, the northeastern corner of the Congo region was well-explored by Diamang-associated archaeologists.
| 2.75
| 0
|
77220991
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szil%C3%A1rd%20Suhajda
|
Szilárd Suhajda
|
Szilárd Suhajda (June 29, 1982 – disappeared May 25–26, 2023) was a Hungarian mountaineer known for his ascents of eight-thousanders without supplementary oxygen. During his climbing career, he successfully summited Broad Peak, K2 (solo), and Lhotse, and was lost during a solo climb on Mount Everest.
Climbing
Szilárd first began climbing with his grandfather. As a child, he went to hiking camp with his school spending weeks each summer sleeping in tents and exploring the mountains. Later he and fell in love with mountaineering after reading stories about István Benedek, Reinhold Messner and Emil Zsigmondy. After his studies, he moved to Esztergom where he joined a climbing group, visiting the Carpathian Mountains, Transylvania and the Alps. After climbing Mont Blanc in 2007, he dedicated himself to the mountains.
In the winter of 2008, he and a friend Csabi Kosztán were trapped in an avalanche in the Austrian Alps. The experience had a significant impact on him, later he recounted the dangerous situation was due to carelessness. Rather than dissuading him from climbing, it encouraged him to complete every climbing course available, encouraging him to improve his skills and become a more responsible climber.
In 2010, he gave up his job as an English teacher and moved to Brighton in England to earn enough money to fund his first climbing expedition in Asia.
Himalayas
After saving for two years and working seven days a week, Szilárd successfully funded his first climbing expedition in the Karakorum. The expedition was inexpensive, with Szilárd buying his down jacket secondhand on eBay to make things as affordable as possible. In 2012, he travelled to climb Gasherbrum I and II, but was unsuccessful. He then returned to Britain, working overtime for the next two years to fund his next trip.
In 2014 he returned to the Himalayas, successfully summitting Broad Peak, his first eight-thousander without supplementary oxygen.
| 2.015625
| 0
|
77221081
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20General%20Trusts
|
Toronto General Trusts
|
In 1952 the company acquired the Ottawa Valley Trust Company, and in 1953 the Osler and Nanton Trust Company. By the middle of the 20th century, Canada's large trust companies were controlled by the major banks via interlocking directorates. The Bank of Montreal had majority control of Royal Trust, the Royal Bank had majority control of Montreal Trust, and the Bank of Nova Scotia had majority control of National Trust. The board of Toronto General Trust had, by 1960, eight directors from the Toronto-Dominion Bank and four directors from the Imperial Bank of Commerce.
One of Toronto General's largest holdings was the estate of Melville Ross Gooderham, which held a majority of the shares of Manulife.
Merger with Canada Permanent Trust, 1961
On 5 January 1961, the Toronto-Dominion Bank, whose agent was Wood Gundy and Company Limited, offered to purchase all outstanding shares of Toronto General Trusts at $72 per, which was 44 per cent above the trading value. The offer was accepted by the board of directors. On 21 April of that year, Toronto General and the Canada Permanent Trust Company applied to merge. The merger was initiated by the Toronto-Dominion bank, which controlled Canada Permanent Trusts's parent company, the Canada Permanent Mortgage Corporation. At the time of the merger, the parent company's assets were worth $181 million. Shareholders of both companies voted to approve the merger on 27 September, and the merger became effective on 1 December. The new merged entity became the second largest trust company in Canada and had assets of $813 million, behind only National Trust, which had assets of $838 million.The new company was called the Canada Permanent Toronto General Trust Company. Two years later the company removed "Toronto General" from its name and reverted to the Canada Permanent Trust Company name.
| 2.328125
| 0
|
77221354
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence%20populism
|
Valence populism
|
Valence populism is a form of populism linked to political parties or politicians whose positions cannot be placed on the left–right political spectrum and mainly promote valence issues that are widely approved by voters. Such popular valence issues include anti-corruption, government transparency, democratic reform, and moral integrity. Valence populism is associated with anti-establishment sentiment and lacks a consistent ideology, unlike left-wing or right-wing populism. Techno-populism is a variant of valence populism.
The concept of valence populism was largely built by political scientist Mattia Zulianello. It has usually been found in parties in Central and Eastern Europe. Despite this, the best known example is the Italian Five Star Movement. Other parties that have been described as valence populist include the Czech ANO 2011, Bulgarian GERB, Croatian Human Shield, Slovak OĽaNO, and Slovenian List of Marjan Šarec. As of 2024, valence parties achieved their best result in the 2019 European Parliament election.
Definition
Populism is often defined as an idea within the framework of a liberal democracy that defines two core groups—"the people" and "the elite". Political scientist Cas Mudde defined the core populist concepts with "the people" being presented as a morally good force, while "the elite" are often portrayed as corrupt and self-serving. There are several definitions of "the people", meaning that the group can be based on ethnic, national, or class lines. According to Mudde's framework, populism is often combined with ideologies such as nationalism, socialism, or neoliberalism.
| 2.296875
| 0
|
77221512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20California%20New%20Years%20Floods
|
1997 California New Years Floods
|
On January 1, the Napa River reached 3 feet above flood stage in Napa and Cache Creek reached a record stage height of 14.14 feet and a record flow of 13,200 cfs which only caused minimal damage in Yolo County. The worst flooding occurred on the Feather River on January 2. The river stage height peaked at 50.4 at Nicolaus (2.4 feet above flood stage). Multiple levees broke along the river causing significant flooding to Marysville and Arboga. A levee break south of Yuba City devastated the town of Olivehurst. Roughly 100,000 people from Oroville had to be evacuated due to the high flows coming from Lake Oroville On January 2, the Cosumnes River at Michigan Bar reached a record peak stage height of 18.54 feet and a record flow of 93,000 cfs. The Cosumnes flooded surrounding areas including forcing the closing of SR 99 and I-5. The river breached levees in many places and began to flow above the levees altogether. The communities of Sloughhouse and Wilton were also flooded as a result. The Yuba River at Marysville reached a record peak stage height of 91.64 and a peak flow of 161,000 cfs on January 2. The American River had its second-highest peak stage height ever at 26.40 feet and the second-fastest peak flow rate ever at 180,000 cfs due to high flow releases from the Folsom Dam. A mudslide blocked US 50 near White Hall. I-80 was also closed. The Merced River at Pohono Bridge in Yosemite reached a record stage height of 23.43 feet and a record peak flow of 24,600 cfs which caused some of the greatest flooding since 1862. For the first time, the Don Pedro Reservoir reached maximum capacity forcing releases with high flows downstream. As a result, the Tuolumne River at Modesto reached a record stage height of 71.21 feet and a near-record flow of 55,800 cfs on January 4. The record flows on the river caused considerable flooding to farmland and housing along the river and some neighborhoods in Modesto. The Dry Creek flooded neighborhoods near the Creekside Golf Course
| 2.1875
| 0
|
77221653
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Atlantic%20Owls%20swimming%20and%20diving
|
Florida Atlantic Owls swimming and diving
|
The Florida Atlantic Owls Swim and Dive program represents Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in the sport of swimming and diving. The team practices at the FAU Aquatic Center, an Olympic-sized meter pool in the heart of Boca Raton, Florida. Although they practice together, the men's team competes at the Atlantic Sun Conference Championships, while the women's team competes at the American Athletic Conference Championships.
Coaching Staff
The Florida Atlantic Owls Swim and Dive Team has been headed up by coach Lara Preacco, a Swiss ex-Olympian, since 2014. In the 2021–22 season, Preacco led the Owls to a second-place finish on the men's side in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association Championships with 903.5 points. In the conference championships, Preacco guided Rateb Hussein to Most Outstanding Diver of the Meet honors, while Timo Paisley earned Most Outstanding Freshman of the Meet honors.
Notable FAU Swim and Dive Athletes
Alicia Mora dove for Florida Atlantic University from 2021 to 2024. Mora is the first Owl in program history to make the NCAAs for two consecutive seasons. She concluded her collegiate career at the 2024 NCAA Diving Championships, earning 30th place with a score of 267.50 on the 3-meter and posting a mark of 250.00 on the 1-meter to finish in 32nd place.
Although Lara Preacco now coaches for the FAU owls, Preacco also swam for the FAU Owls from 1994 to 1998. Preacco set five Swiss national records and captured 38 gold medals while competing at the Swiss National Championships from 1983 to 1997. Preacco represented both FAU and her home country of Switzerland at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, and was inducted into the FAU Athletics Hall of Fame in 2010.
Joshua McQueen swam for Florida Atlantic University from 2018 to 2020. McQueen was recruited after breaking the nearly 20 year old Saint Petersburg city record for the 200 yard freestyle. The same day, McQueen also broke the record for the 500 yard freestyle.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
77221715
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neeldhari
|
Neeldhari
|
Since the death of Harnam Singh in 1980, the Neeldharis began to become closer to mainstream Khalsa Sikhism, perhaps due to the pressures of Sikh militants of the era. The practice of venerating a tomb and Guru Granth Sahib at the same place offended the mainstream Sikhs, with the Akal Takht passing a hukamnama on 9 May 1998 addressed to the Neeldhari leaders to remove the tomb, construct a proper gurdwara instead, and stop believing in the continuance of living gurus. The Akal Takht gave the Neeldharis one-month to satisfy its demands.
Beliefs and practices
They believe in the concept of living gurus (known as dehdhari) succeeding the mainstream Sikh gurus. They do not follow the mainstream Sikh maryada. The Neeldharis are named after their dress-code worn by both men and women, which mandates that they wear blue-and-white-coloured garbs known as neela-bana, consisting of a white kurta-pyjama, a blue scarf called a chakuta (substitute for a white turban), and a blue waistband known as a kamarkassa. Furthermore, followers of the sect keep a small stick called a saila, an iron vessel referred to as a gadva, and they also keep a rosary. Orthodox Neeldhari Sikhs wear wooden footwear known as khadawan.
| 2.296875
| 0
|
77222003
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyttocharax%20metae
|
Tyttocharax metae
|
Tyttocharax metae is a small freshwater fish of the family Characidae which is found in the Güejar river system of the Orinoco Basin in Colombia. It was discovered in the Columbian municipality of Vista Hermosa in 2009 and was formally described in 2012 by Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn.
Etymology
T. metae was named for the Meta Department of Colombia where it was first discovered.
Description
Males of T. metae reach and average standard length of 1.39 ± 0.13 cm (0.54 ± 0.05 in) while females reach a similar length of 1.4 ± 1.0 cm (0.55 ± 0.04 in), with a maximum standard length of approximately 1.86 cm (0.73 in). It is colored a greenish-yellow in the dorsal sides of the head, body, and post ventral portions of the body with a blue stripe running down the side of the body, with a notable absence of dark coloration. T. metae lacks any distinction of coloration between sexes, unlike the related T. tambopatensis.
It is most notably distinguished from other species of Tyttocharax by its presence of bony hooks on the caudal and pectoral fin rays, and distinguished from T. madeirae and T. cochui by its absence of an adipose fin and by the bony hooks of its anal fins being longer than those on its pelvic fins rather than them being the same size.
Distribution
T. metae has only been found in the Güejar river system of the Orinoco Basin in Colombia. It is found in fast-running streams with high dissolved oxygen contents.
| 1.976563
| 0
|
77222233
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashima%20K%C5%8Dzaki%20Site
|
Takashima Kōzaki Site
|
The is an underwater archaeological site containing artifacts from the Kamakura period Mongol invasions of Japan located offshore the east coast of the island of Takashima in the city of Matsuura, Nagasaki Prefecture Japan. The 384,000 square meter area of the seabed was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2012, and is the first underwater site so designated in Japan.
Overview
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago. The island of Takashima at the mouth of Imari Bay between Kita-Matsuura Peninsula and Higashi-Matsuura Peninsula and its surrounding areas was one of the main battlefields during first invasion in 1274, and the site where much of the Mongold fleet was destroyed by a typhoon in 1281.
Fishermen in this area often reported recovering vases, lacquerware, arrows, swords, helmets, and other weapons and armor, anchor stones, and other artifacts. Archaeological excavations led by Ryukyu University have been conducted here since 1980. In addition to weapons and ceramics, ship parts such as a keel from a Mongol warship approximately 12 meters long have been found on the seabed, from which the size of the ship could be estimated to have been around 20-meters. Many of the artifacts found are kept at the Matsuura City Takashima History and Folk Museum.
| 2.96875
| 0
|
77223023
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idionectes
|
Idionectes
|
Idionectes is a unicellular protist that lives in water. Its main cell body is rounded like a blob, radially symmetrical, with a conical side and a flat base, which is an adhesion zone to algal cells. This appearance makes an impression of a flying saucer. It measures about 15 μm long and 8 μm broad. It contains a single nucleus and a basal body. The nucleus is about 4 μm in diameter. The cell membrane is covered with scales and is highly flexible. The external scales are boat shaped, each measuring 150 nm long and 70 nm wide.
The protist can exist in two different forms: flagellate and amoeboid. It is the only known species of cutosean amoebas having both forms, as all other cutoseans are non-flagellated. As a flagellate, it projects out a single flagellum of about 30 μm long from the basal body and lives as a free swimmer in water. Although it is a flagellate, it is genetically more closely related to non-flagellated amoebas. In an amoeboid form, it can give off many pseudopodia as protrusions of the cell membrane to form needle-like processes called leptopodia. The leptopodia can be as long as 8 μm. In this condition, it lives as parasite inside algal cell.
| 2.625
| 0
|
77223262
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngundeng%20Pyramid
|
Ngundeng Pyramid
|
Demolition
The Anglo-Egyptian army had taken control of the Sudan in 1898, it was not until 1916 that patrols were sent into Nuerland. By 1918, Guek Ngundeng, the son of Prophet Ngundeng who was possessed by Deng divinity (Sky God) after his father's death, was leading massive raids against the Dinka, bearing his pipe, magical spear, and a white bull. During one attack, his Nuer warriors destroyed nine Sudanese Regiments on the Dinka side. In September 1927, Major Jasper William George Wyld, known in short as "Wyld" or "Tiger", Bor's District Commissioner, said that his interpreter, a mamur and a Dinka chief, reported that Guek was plotting rebellion and he was planning to kill Percy Coriat. In November 1927, H.C. Jackson, the man who had first contacted Guek in 1921, wrote from Halfa Province, where he was then governor, and pointed out that when reports of Guek's alleged rebellion poured into Malakal in 1921, the pieces of evidence against Guek were completely false when he personally visited Guek - Jackson suggested that the same procedure should be followed.
The relationship between Guek and the government deteriorated when a local court and a native police force were established, significantly limiting Guek's authority, and when the government suggested building a road through Nuerland to connect it to the region of their adversaries, the Dinka. Soon, hundreds of bulls were sacrificed at the Pyramid's base, and warriors from all over Nuerland arrived, including forces led by two additional prophets, Char Koryom and Puok Kerjiok. In 1927, the Western Nuer District Commissioner Captain V.H. Fergusson was supposedly slain, along with a Greek merchant, by a group of Nuer led by minor Western Nuer prophet Gatluak Nyang, resulting in an order to arrest Guek.
| 2.328125
| 0
|
77223508
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvite%20sounding%20machine
|
Kelvite sounding machine
|
The Kelvite sounding machine was a small motor- or hand-operated windlass mounted on the deck of a ship. It was used to deploy and retrieve a wire sounding line to determine the depth of water in which the vessel was operating. It was invented by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, in 1872.
Description
The apparatus consisted of a steel frame mounted on the upper deck of a ship, close to the side, carrying a vertically mounted drum. of fine steel wire were wound on the drum. A horizontal dial at the top of the device, graduated in fathoms, indicated the length of wire paid out. The drum was operated manually by handles mounted on the spindle of the drum, or by a vertically mounted electric motor in the base. A "sinker" of lead, weighing about , was attached to the end of the line. To deploy the sinker a wooden boom, attached to the deck by a gooseneck and carrying a sheave for the wire, was extended over the water. The line was released, and when the sinker reached the bottom, the drum was held in place with a catch. The depth was then read from the dial. Printed tables were provided to calculate the depth of water when the ship was in motion; these showed variations for different forward speeds to allow for the wire's deviation from straight up-and-down.
| 3.078125
| 0
|
77223520
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon%20Gali%C4%87
|
Salon Galić
|
Salon Galić is Split's oldest exhibition space, located in the heart of the town on Marmont Street 3. It was founded by Hrvace-born artisan Ivan Galić in May 1924 and was the only art gallery in Split during the interbellum.
In the aforementioned period, the gallery hosted exhibitions of artists that would soon become the undisputed greats of Croatian art, including Emanuel Vidović, Angjeo Uvodić, Ivan Meštrović, Antun Motika, Branislav Dešković, the Earth Group and many others. It remains prominent and prestigious within the Croatian art scene and has since become one of Croatia's most popular and acclaimed cultural destinations, hosting over fifteen exhibitions a year and numerous other related happenings, including the Splitgraphic Biennial and the Radoslav Putar Awards.
It has been managed by Croatian Association of Visual Artists since 1961, and in the six decades that followed hosted over a thousand exhibitions. In 2014, the Ministry of Culture declared Salon Galić a cultural asset by the Directorate for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. In 2024, the gallery celebrated its 100th birthday with a universally praised retrospective by Sandi Bulimbašić and Jasminka Babić.
History and development
Salon Galić was the only art gallery during the interwar period dedicated to the artists' practical need for presentation. Although the Fine Arts Gallery in Split was established in 1931, it did not host exhibitions until 1950. Before the gallery's inception in 1924, the spatial options for artists to exhibit their work were mostly limited to shop windows on the city square, the foyer in the Croatian National Theatre and select rooms in the Male Real school, the Cindro Palace and the Bishop's Palace. Possible somewhat viable exhibition spaces also included rooms in the first building of Domald Street and in the secessionist Hrvatski Dom, built in 1908.
| 2.0625
| 0
|
75589835
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%20to%20a%20Banquet
|
Invitation to a Banquet
|
Invitation to a Banquet: The Story of Chinese Food is a 2023 book by Fuchsia Dunlop, published by W. W. Norton & Company in the United States and by Particular Books in the United Kingdom.
Luke Tsai of KQED wrote that the book is "a meandering, often philosophical exploration of what Chinese food culture actually is" rather than a cookbook. Eugenia Bone of The Wall Street Journal wrote that the work was made "to help outsiders appreciate Chinese food culture more generally."
Development
Dunlop decided to write another book during the heightened phases of the COVID-19 pandemic because rules enacted in China barring travel were enacted and therefore Dunlop was not able to visit that country.
Contents
There are 28 chapters, with each about a particular dish or food production facility and a history around the subject. These chapters are arranged in four groups: "Hearth," "Farm," "Kitchen," and "Table." Each section, respectively, is about the history of food, the ingredients, about styles of cooking, and what Bone describes as a "grab bag". The page count is 480. There are a total of 30 dishes chronicled in the work.
At times, Dunlop criticizes previous stigma against Chinese cuisine in the West.
Reception
Dwight Garner of The New York Times described the work as "a serious and intrepid work of culinary history".
According to Bone, the book is "a joyously sensual, deeply researched and unabashedly chauvinistic read". Bone stated, in regards to the "Table" section, that some of its contents are "illuminating".
Isabel Wilson of The Financial Times described the work as "erudite".
Bee Wilson of The Times wrote that the work "is an erudite joy that makes you yearn to taste the delights Dunlop describes". According to Wilson, "Occasionally Dunlop's advocacy for Chinese food can feel one-sided."
Tim Lewis of The Observer wrote that in this book, the author's "desire to educate and enlighten finds its fullest expression".
| 1.96875
| 0
|
75590271
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%2019%20%28Wuhan%20Metro%29
|
Line 19 (Wuhan Metro)
|
Line 19 of the Wuhan Metro is a metro line in Wuhan, China. It is long with seven stations, running between and stations.
With an operating speed of and plans to increase the speed to , trains on line 19 run at the highest speed within the Wuhan Metro network.
History
Initial construction and opening
Line 19 was approved as part of the Wuhan Urban Rail Transit Phase 4 Construction Plan (). Construction of Line 19 started on 19 February 2019, making it the first line as part of the plan to start construction.
On 30 December 2020, the first tunnel-boring machine was launched, marking the start of construction for the underground tunnels in which Line 19 will be running.
On 15 December 2022, the laying of tracks began within the completed tunnel sections of the line.
With the capping of the main structure station on 18 April 2023, the main structures of all seven stations along Line 19 had been completed. This was soon followed by completion of tunneling works on 23 June and the laying of tracks along the route on 28 July.
On 14 September 2023, with the supervision of the city's Municipal Quality Supervision Authority, a project acceptance meeting was held and the line passed for acceptance by Wuhan Metro. This meant that Line 19 is able to commence trial operations. The line was scheduled to commence operations within that year, and the stations were unveiled on 12 December. A safety evaluation was conducted from 17 to 20 December, with experts concluding that safety works for Line 19 were well-prepared and gave a generally-positive review.
Line 19 started operations on 30 December 2023 at 10:28am Beijing Time (UTC+8), as announced the day prior.
Future extension
As of 2022, there are plans to extend Line 19 to Tianhe International Airport station in the future. In addition, the operating speed will be increased from , which is tied with Line 16 as the fastest in the Wuhan Metro network, to .
Stations
The following are the list of stations which are part of Line 19.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
75590400
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taghanic%20event
|
Taghanic event
|
The Taghanic event (Taghanic unconformity, Taghanic crisis or Taghanic onlap) was an extinction event that occurred about 386 million years ago during the Givetian faunal stage of the Middle Devonian geologic period in the Paleozoic era. It was caused by hypoxia from an anoxic event. The event had a period in which dissolved oxygen in the Earth's oceans was depleted. The Taghanic event caused a very high death rate of corals. The loss of the coral reefs caused a high loss of animals that lived in and around the reefs. The extinction rate has been placed between 28.5 and 36%, making the event the 8th largest extinction event recorded. The reduced oxygen levels resulted from a period of global warming caused by Milankovitch cycles. In the Taghanic event sea levels were higher. After the Taghanic Event, sea life recovered in the Frasnian faunal stage starting 382.7 million years ago. Two other events near this period were the Kellwasser event (372 ma) and the Hangenberg event (359 ma).
Extinctions
The Taghanic event at the Givetian/Frasnian boundary caused many extinctions, including the disappearance of about 50% of coral genera. Brachiopods Mollusca lost about six families of species. About 47% Stromatoporoid sea sponges genera disappeared. Many Bryozoa were also lost. The population of Ammonoids, Tabulata, Trilobites, and Rugosa were reduced.
Thamnopora boloniensis, a tabulate coral, became extinct.
| 3.03125
| 0
|
75590894
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Fngny%C5%8Fn%20Ch%C5%8Fng
|
Hyŏngnyŏn Chŏng
|
Hyŏngnyŏn Chŏng () was a Goryeo scholar and court official who is known for writing the Kyunyŏ-jŏn, a biography on the Goryeo monk Kyunyŏ.
Biography
Due to Hyŏngnyŏn Chŏng's non-Korean family name, Hyŏngnyŏn, it is thought that his ancestors were originally nomads, originating from either China or from the Khitans, who later naturalized as Koreans. The Hyongnyon family name traced back to the Xiongnu family name Helian, first adopted by Helian Bobo, the founder of Helian Xia.
Sometime prior to 1075, Hyŏngnyŏn Chŏng passed the civil service examination and held the title of chinsa. In 1074, after being dissatisfied with an earlier biography on Kyunyŏ written by a scholar named Kang Yu-hyŏn (), Hyongnyon began work on his own biography on Kyunyŏ. The following year in 1075, he finished his biography of Kyunyŏ, known as the Taehwaŏm sujwa wŏnt'ong yangjung taesa Kyunyŏ-jŏn, often commonly known by the shortened form of Kyunyŏ-jŏn.
In 1100, Hyongnyon was sent to the Liao court as a Goryeo envoy bearing gifts. In November 1105, Hyongnyon was appointed as the Superintendent Examiner of the Scholars of Chang-ak Pavilion ().
| 2.40625
| 0
|
75591317
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit%20Lake%20%28Minnesota%29
|
Detroit Lake (Minnesota)
|
Detroit Lake is a lake, locally known as Big Detroit and Little Detroit, has two distinct basins that are separated by a shallow gravel bar. At 3,067 acres, Detroit Lake is the largest lake within the Pelican River Watershed District and lies entirely within the city of Detroit Lakes, Minnesota municipal boundaries.
Geological history
Detroit Lake was created about 10,000 years ago as the receding glaciers left thick deposits of gravel, sand and clay. Broken from the glacier and imbedded in these deposits were large chunks of ice which, when melted, left depressions to become lakes, including Detroit.
Fish species
black bullhead, black crappie, bluegill, brown bullhead, brown trout, bullheads, channel catfish, green sunfish, hybrid sunfish, lake sturgeon, largemouth bass, muskellunge, northern pike, pumpkinseed, rock bass, smallmouth bass, sunfish, tullibee (cisco), walleye, yellow bullhead, yellow perch, bowfin (dogfish), white sucker, banded killifish, blackchin shiner, blacknose shiner, bluntnose minnow, brook stickleback, central mudminnow, common shiner, creek chub, golden shiner, Iowa darter, Johnny darter, logperch, minnows, pugnose shiner, shiners, spottail shiner, tadpole madtom.
| 2.46875
| 0
|
75591358
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron%20neutron%20capture%20therapeutics
|
Boron neutron capture therapeutics
|
Requirements for boron delivery agents
A BNCT therapeutic candidate must selectively accumulate in target tissue without significant uptake in normal tissue. If selectivity is low and boron accumulates in both, irradiation with thermal neutrons will cause significant damage to healthy tissue; if boron accumulates in neither, the treatment will be ineffective. Selectivity is quantified by the tissue boron ratio, which compares the concentration of boron atoms in tumor cells with that in the patient's healthy cells. A large tissue ratio (~3 or greater) is necessary. In addition, boron must remain in target tissue at significant concentrations (~20 μg/g) for long enough that concentration in the blood drops to low levels (generally several hours).
Early candidates
Early work in the 1950s made use of widely available non-toxic boron compounds such as sodium borate (also known as borax) and boric acid. Sodium borate was used to treat nearly a dozen patients with BNCT through a collaboration between Massachusetts General Hospital and Brookhaven National Laboratory. The results were inconclusive and lack of success was blamed on the short lifetime of the tumor:normal tissue differential.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
75591646
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackworth%20Hoard
|
Ackworth Hoard
|
The Ackworth Hoard is a Post-Medieval hoard dating from the English Civil War from Ackworth, West Yorkshire.
Discovery
The hoard was found by Dr Owen Johnson in his garden in Ackworth in 2011. In his own words he pulled at the ceramic vessel and the coins spilled out "like coins from a slot machine." The coins were reported to the Portable Antiquities Scheme and subsequently declared as treasure.
Contents and interpretation
The hoard comprises a ceramic vessel containing a hoard of 591 coins, a gold finger ring, and a piece of leather. A smaller ceramic vessel was found nearby and might have been associated. Of the 591 coins, 52 are gold and includes the earliest coin minted in 1547–1549. 523 are silver issues of English and Scottish monarchs, 4 are Irish, and 12 are from the Netherlands. The group of coins has been interpreted as a single deposition made in the 17th century rather than something added to over time. The assemblage is consistent as a group of coins and other objects deposited in the mid-1640s during the English Civil War. When it was deposited, the total value of the coinage was £85 and 12 shillings. The latest dateable coin in the hoard is from 1645 to 1646.
Other than coins the hoard includes a gold finger ring and two ceramic vessels. The ring is a posy ring dated to the late 16th-early 17th century and bears an inscription on the interior of band which reads: 'When this you see remember me'. The pots are both made from a dark earthenware with a dark brown glaze, probably Black Ware or Cisterican Ware, and the coins were all found in the larger of the two.
| 2.546875
| 0
|
75591680
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammamma
|
Ammamma
|
Worship
Ammamma was particularly closely associated with the city of , according to textual sources located in the immediate proximity of Hattusa. Priestesses associated with this settlement referred to as ammama might have been involved in her cult, though they are also attested in association with rites performed in Arinna. As the tutelary goddess of Taḫurpa Ammamma appears in standardized lists of deities invoked as witnesses in Hittite treaties alongside a number of other city goddesses (Abara of Šamuḫa, Ḫantitaššu of Ḫurma, the divine "queens" of Ankuwa and Katapa, Ḫallara of Dunna, Ḫuwaššanna of Ḫubešna, Tapišuwa of Išḫupitta, Kuniyawanni of Landa and NIN.ŠEN.ŠEN of Kinza). Examples include Šuppiluliuma I's treaties with Huqqana of Hayasa, Šattiwaza of Mitanni, and Tette of Nuḫašše, between Muršili II and of Amurru, Niqmepa of Ugarit, and Manapa-Tarhunta of the Seha River Land, between Muwatalli II and Alaksandu of Wilusa, and between Ḫattušili III and Ulmi-Teshub of Tarḫuntašša.
There is also evidence that a goddess or goddesses referred to with the name or epithet Ammamma were worshiped elsewhere across central and northern Anatolia, in cities such as Ḫanḫana, Kašḫa and Zalpa. A temple dedicated to her existed in the last of these three locations, and it is presumed the well attested priestesses referred to with the sumerogram MUNUS.MEŠAMA.DINGIRLIM (literally "mother of the deity") were involved in her cult. A poorly preserved ritual text dealing with a festival celebrated in Zalpa, KUB 59.17 + Bo 3990, might recollect a mythological narrative about the local Ammamma and her three daughters, all bearing the same name. Ammamma is also attested in a single ritual text as the head of the pantheon of an unknown city, alongside a local weather god and a group of deities of mostly Luwian origin (Tiwaz, Kamrušepa, a tutelary dLAMMA deity, Ala, Telipinu, Maliya, the earth and the Sun goddess of the Earth).
| 2.15625
| 0
|
75591882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20Abortion%20Referral%20Service
|
Control Abortion Referral Service
|
Control Abortion Referral Service was a feminist Australian organisation active from 1973 through the mid-1980s that advised and supported women seeking abortion from New South Wales, other Australian states and from abroad, particularly from New Zealand. It also developed new women-run abortion services.
Origins – changing the law
The United Kingdom Abortion Act 1967 legalised abortion in Great Britain on certain grounds by registered practitioners and regulated the tax-paid provision of such medical practices. This UK act became the basis of the Australian Humane Society's Abortion Law Reform Associations (ALRA) which set up in each Australian state and territory over the next few years.
On 26 May 1969 the Victorian Menhennitt ruling in R v Davidson ruled that abortion might be lawful if necessary to protect the physical or mental health of the woman. It was the first ruling on the legality of abortion in any part of Australia. In contrast, the New South Wales (NSW) conservative Liberal Party Premier Robert Askin cracked down on illegal abortionists, and by the following year, NSW had a full time abortion squad of 27 police officers.
| 2.421875
| 0
|
75591974
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano%20Pluchino
|
Stefano Pluchino
|
Stefano Pluchino (born May 31, 1971) is Professor of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, within the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, at the University of Cambridge.
His research studies whether the accumulation of neurological disability observed in patients with chronic inflammatory neurological conditions can be slowed down using next generation molecular therapies.
The overarching aim is to understand the basic mechanisms that allow exogenously delivered stem cells, gene therapy vectors and/or exosomes to create an environment that preserves damaged axons or prevents neurons from dying. Such mechanisms are being harnessed and used to modulate disease states to repair and/or regenerate critical components of the nervous system.
He is best known for having provided compelling evidence in support of the feasibility and efficacy of advanced stem cell therapies in rodent and non-human primate models of inflammatory neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis. His work has contributed to reshape the classical view that advanced cell therapeutics (ACTs), including cellular grafts, may exert their therapeutic effects not only through structural cell replacement, but also through modulation of mitochondrial function and neuroinflammatory pathways, and has inspired the first-in-kind clinical trials of allogeneic somatic neural stem cells in patients with progressive MS.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
75592246
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamaecereus%20saltensis
|
Chamaecereus saltensis
|
Chamaecereus saltensis is a species of cactus from northwestern Argentina.
Description
Chamaecereus saltensis is generally found growing as an individual plant, developing clusters with a robust taproot. The light green shoots, varying from spherical to short cylindrical, can attain a diameter of up to . These shoots display 17 to 18 ribs adorned with flat tubercles. The areoles, situated closely along the ribs, contain one to four robust central spines, typically curved, measuring in length. Additionally, there are twelve to fourteen radial spines, thinner than the central spines, with a length of up to .
The red, funnel-shaped flowers, darker towards the center, blossom on the sides of the shoots and unfurl during daylight hours. These flowers can extend to a length of up to . The spherical fruits, measuring up to in diameter.
Distribution
Chamaecereus saltensis is found in the Argentina provinces of Salta and Tucumán, at elevations ranging from 1200 to 2400 meters growing in shrublands on clay soils.
Taxonomy
Carlos Luis Spegazzini initially described the species as Echinopsis saltensis in 1905. The specific epithet "saltensis" denotes its occurrence in the Argentine province of Salta. In 2012, Boris O. Schlumpberger reclassified the species under the genus Chamaecereus. Another nomenclature synonym is Lobivia saltensis (Speg.) Britton & Rose (1922).
| 2.5625
| 0
|
75592537
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Lucy%20Kennedy
|
Catherine Lucy Kennedy
|
Catherine Lucy Kennedy (1851 – 1910) was the first headmistress of Leeds Girls’ High School and headmistress of St Elphin's School.
Early life
She was born on 20 September 1851 to Revd William James Kennedy, a school inspector, and his cousin Sarah Caroline Kennedy. She had three brothers, including William Rann Kennedy, and was educated at Cheltenham Ladies’ College.
Teaching career
In 1874, Kennedy became assistant mistress of Cheltenham Ladies’ College under Dorothea Beale, until she was appointed first headmistress at the newly founded Leeds Girls’ High School in 1876, opened by subscription to provide education for the town's girls who could not attend the grammar school. At an inaugural meeting in September 1876 she established that the main subjects to be taught were classical languages, mathematics, and natural science. During her fifteen-year tenure, the school had grown in size from 42 to 160 pupils.
In 1881, she carried out a scientific analysis of the Boston Spa water with Margaret Neill Johnston.
In 1896, she began a fourteen-year tenure as headmistress of the Clergy Daughter's School at Warrington. Under her headship, the school expanded to taking students who were not daughters of clergy and was renamed St Elphin's School, relocating to larger premises in Darley Dale in 1904.
Kennedy died at St Elphin's School on 17 February 1910.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
75593569
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Jishishan%20earthquake
|
2023 Jishishan earthquake
|
The east–west trending Laji Shan Faults (northern and southern segments) bound the northern margin of the range while the northwest-striking Jishi Shan Faults (eastern and western segments) are located at the eastern end of the Laji Shan. These two fault structures represents a transpression zone between the right-lateral Riyue Shan Fault in the north and the left-lateral Qinling Fault in the south. Two prehistoric earthquakes were identified along the fault zone including one that may have destroyed Lajia. GNSS velocity observations indicate the Laji Shan Fault produces insignificant thrust and strike-slip movements. The Jishi Shan Fault shows greater thrust and right-lateral movement with its eastern segment showing greater activity. Earthquake potential along the Jishi Shan Fault is greater compared to the neighboring fault for moderate to strong events.
The Qilian Mountains have been the location for many large and damaging historical earthquakes. The largest of these was a 7.7 earthquake in 1927 to the north that killed 40,000 people. The earthquake was the result of thrust faulting and brought extreme damage in the Gulang–Wuwei area and triggered damaging landslides. Gansu was also affected by another earthquake in 1920, a result of strike-slip faulting, which killed 200,000 people; often regarded as among the deadliest earthquakes of the 20th century. In 1990, a 6.5 earthquake, immediately preceded by a 6.3 foreshock and followed by a 6.3 aftershock, led to at least 126 fatalities and extensive damage and landslides.
Earthquake-related losses in China are common, even for moderate magnitude earthquakes, due to the proximity of large population centers to shaking, the prevalence of structures that are vulnerable to earthquake shaking, and the occurrence of landslides in steep topography.
Earthquake
| 2.8125
| 0
|
75593569
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Jishishan%20earthquake
|
2023 Jishishan earthquake
|
According to a professor at the China University of Geosciences, Xu Xiwei, the earthquake was associated with a fault along the northern edge of the Laji Mountain range. The China Earthquake Networks Center said the seismic sequence was consistent with a mainshock–aftershock type event. Within of the earthquake's epicenter, only three earthquakes greater than magnitude 6.0 have occurred. In 1936, a 6.8 earthquake caused significant destruction and deaths in Kangle County, Gansu.
Impact
At least 151 deaths and 982 injuries were reported; 117 people were killed and 784 were injured in Gansu. Seventy-eight people died in Dahejia, 23 in Liuji Township, eight in Shiyuan, three in Chuimatan and one each in Xu Hujia, Guanjiachuan and Zhongzuiling townships. Thirty-four deaths, 198 injuries and two missing people were reported in neighbouring Qinghai province, with the last two fatalities found on 31 December. All deaths in Qinghai occurred in the city of Haidong. At least 16 of the injured were said to be in critical condition. Over 140,000 people were affected across the region. The earthquake was considered the deadliest to affect China since the 2014 Ludian earthquake. Li Haibing, an expert at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, attributed the casualties and damage from the earthquake to its timing, shallow depth, vertical movement, and the low quality of building materials in the area.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
75594168
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremella%20coffeicolor
|
Tremella coffeicolor
|
Tremella coffeicolor is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces brown, lobed to foliaceous, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on other fungi on dead branches of broad-leaved trees. It was originally described from Bermuda, where it was collected as part of the Challenger expedition.
Taxonomy
Tremella coffeicolor was first published, as Hirneola coffeicolor, in 1876 by British mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley based on a collection made in Bermuda. In 2004, British mycologist Peter Roberts re-examined the type specimen and transferred the species to the genus Tremella. Roberts considered Tremella auricularia, described from Brazil in 1895, to be a later synonym.
Description
Fruit bodies are gelatinous, pale to mid-brown, several centimetres across, and lobed to foliaceous, the lobes sometimes ear-like. Microscopically, the basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid, with oblique to vertical septa), 4-celled, 18 to 26 by 12 to 17 μm. The basidiospores are ellipsoid to oblong, smooth, 10 to 12.5 by 8 to 9 μm.
Similar species
Fruit bodies of Phaeotremella frondosa and P. foliacea are similarly coloured, but are typically more frondose and, microscopically, have smaller basidia and basidiospores.
Habitat and distribution
Tremella coffeicolor is a parasite on lignicolous fungi, but its host is unknown. It was originally described from bark of Coffea.
The species was originally collected in Bermuda and has been recorded from the Azores, Cuba, Trinidad, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and (as Tremella auricularia) from Brazil.
| 2.546875
| 0
|
75594475
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton%20Dutch%20Canadian%20Centre
|
Edmonton Dutch Canadian Centre
|
The Dutch Canadian Centre of Edmonton is a social and cultural organization that brings together people in the Edmonton, Alberta area who have an interest in Dutch culture, heritage, and community. The Edmonton Dutch Canadian Centre aims to foster connections among individuals of Dutch descent or those who have an affinity for Dutch culture.
History
The Dutch Canadian Club of Edmonton is a social and cultural organization that brings together people in the Edmonton, Alberta area who have an interest in Dutch culture, heritage, and community. The Edmonton Dutch Canadian Centre aims to foster connections among individuals of Dutch descent or those who have an affinity for Dutch culture.
In late August 1995, Edmonton's Dutch Canadian Centre building burned down.
Organization
Key aspects of organizations like the Dutch Canadian Club of Edmonton include:
Cultural Events: The club organizes and participates in cultural events that celebrate Dutch traditions, holidays, and customs. This includes festivals, gatherings, and themed activities, such as at the Edmonton Heritage Festival.
Community Building: The club provides a platform for people with a Dutch background or an interest in Dutch culture to connect, share experiences, and build a sense of community.
Language and Heritage Preservation: The Dutch Canadian Centre has numerous initiatives to preserve and promote the Dutch language and heritage, especially among younger generations.
Social Activities: In addition to cultural events, the club hosts social activities such as dinners, dances, or outings, providing members with opportunities to socialize and network.
Supporting Newcomers: Edmonton's Dutch Canadian Centre serves as a support network for newcomers or individuals who are exploring or reconnecting with their Dutch heritage.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
75594494
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa%20y%20reformismo%20borb%C3%B3nico%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA
|
Minería y reformismo borbónico en el Perú
|
Minería y reformismo borbónico en el Perú. Estado, empresa y trabajadores en Huancavelica, 1784-1814 is a book on the social history of mining in Huancavelica by Spanish historian Isabel María Povea Moreno. It was published in 2014 in Lima by the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú and the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP). The book is based on the doctoral research that Povea Moreno defended at the University of Granada in 2012. This book analyses the impact of the Bourbon Reforms in Huancavelica and the transformations of the mining exploitation model between 1784 and 1814.
The great novelty of the book, according to historian Miguel Molina Martínez, is the "analysis it devotes to the role played by women in the workings of the mine, advancing a suggestive line of research". In 2015, the book was considered one of the 10 best books on Peruvian history published in 2014 and ranked 5th, according to a survey of 35 Peruvian and foreign historians by the blog El Reportero de la Historia.
Summary
The book examines state policy towards mining and how the Huancavelica mining company adapted to the Bourbon reforms. It also analyses the situation of the workers, their role in mercury production and their living and working conditions. The author highlights the role of the workers in the resistance to the Bourbon reforms, which affected their rights and working conditions.
In addition, the book also analyses the relationship between mining and the environment, and how the exploitation of mineral resources had a significant impact on the Huancavelica region. The author argues that mining in Huancavelica was a complex social, political and economic process that affected society as a whole.
In summary, the book Minería y reformismo borbónico en el Perú is a comprehensive study of the history of mining in Huancavelica during the period of the Bourbon reforms in Peru, and offers a critical perspective on the relationship between the company, the state and the workers in this historical context.
| 2.75
| 0
|
75594552
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules%20King%20Cannon%20White
|
Hercules King Cannon White
|
Hercules King Cannon White (April 4, 1845 – 1907) was an American Civil War soldier, guerrilla participant, and six-term mayor of Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, as the fifth of nine children to James M. White and Dorcas Trimble White.
White enlisted in Company E of the 2nd Kentucky Infantry (CS) during the Civil War. Subsequently, he joined the cavalry under the command of John Hunt Morgan, surviving the notable Morgan's Raid into southern Indiana.
Post-Civil War, White moved to Pine Bluff, Arkansas, where he established himself as an attorney in 1868. His married Julia Dorriss on January 15, 1868. Acting Governor Ozra Hadley appointed White as prosecuting attorney for the Tenth Judicial District on April 20, 1871, a role he held until the restructuring of districts under Act 53 of 1873 prompted the appointment of a successor by Governor Elisha Baxter.
During the Brooks-Baxter War, a notable episode during the Reconstruction era in Arkansas, White aligned himself with Governor Baxter. During the election dispute with Joseph Brooks, White raised three companies comprising African-American troops, arriving in Little Rock on April 18, 1874, and parading through the streets. At Baxter's request, White and his forces returned to Pine Bluff.
The Brooks-Baxter War persisted, leading White to receive intelligence on April 30, 1874, about Brooks supporter Captain J. M. Murphy forming a company at New Gascony. Responding with a diverse force of white and black troops, White engaged in a steamboat expedition that culminated in an attack on Murphy's forces, resulting in casualties.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
75594598
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20A.%20Whyte
|
Raymond A. Whyte
|
In 1953, Whyte lost the use of an eye, and had to retrain himself to paint. "With one eye, I had to work at dimension until I perfected it", he said. A few years later, he received a corneal transplant from a woman who was having an eye removed. She reportedly "seemed visibly brightened that it was going to an artist" and the two kept in touch regularly after that.
Whyte would soon add elements of his travels into his still life and portrait work. His work evolved to what would later be described as "Hieronymus Bosch at a Puritan picnic”. One critic referred to him as "the reigning influence in contemporary surrealism". His subjects included nudes, exotic items, surreal landscapes, and sometimes mythical creatures and battle scenes. His wife Erica was often a model for his figure paintings and nudes.
In 1967, Whyte's painting The Golden Elephant was loaned, along with several Rodin sculptures, to the Crocker Museum in Sacramento by B. Gerald Cantor. After its exhibition, Cantor later donated the painting to Crocker's permanent collection.
In 1975, two of Whyte's paintings, The Girl In the Yellow Shirt and The Violin, were shown at the opening of the Benedict Art Gallery in Madison, New Jersey.
Whyte held over 30 solo exhibitions in New York City, San Francisco, Houston, Naples, London and Paris, including the de Saisset Museum of Art and the Crocker Art Museum. His work was included in shows at Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; The Columbia Museum of Art; the Butler Institute of American Art; the Malcom Forbes Exhibitions; Allied Artists; Audubon Artist and The De Beers Museum in South Africa.
His works were in the collections of Malcolm Forbes, Orson Bean, B. Gerald Cantor, Vivian Vance, Gerald B. Kara and J. Paul Getty.
Cantor-Fitzgerald paintings
On September 11, 2001, five of Whyte's artworks, including a large triptych depicting B. Gerald Cantor and wife Iris and another that told the story of the history of Cantor-Fitzgerald, were destroyed in the terrorist attacks.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
75595262
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella%20R.%20Frank
|
Ella R. Frank
|
Ella Rosetta Frank (9 June 1900 – 13 December 1988) was a British contralto and mezzo-soprano opera singer.
Early life and education
Frank was born in Paddington, London. She had a twin brother, Murray Arthur Frank. She trained at the Royal Academy of Music where she won the Gilbert Betjemann Prize.
Opera career
Frank further trained in France under , the mistress of Gabriel Fauré, in 1924, and the Canadian soprano Pauline Donalda in 1925, and was engaged at the Théâtre municipal de Nantes and the Opéra de Lille where she was an artist in residence as a mezzo-soprano. Le Figaro in 1924 reported her contralto voice as being of rare beauty and that she interpreted Saint-Saëns and Fauré remarkably. The same newspaper in 1926 reported that, while at the Opéra de Lille, Frank won applause for her magnificent voice and her moving style.
Personal life
Frank married flight pioneer Lawrence Arthur Wingfield in 1928. They later divorced and she married William Howie Wylie, nephew of Rev. William Howie Wylie, in 1947. She died in 1988 in London.
| 2.328125
| 0
|
75595526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Beunza%20Red%C3%ADn
|
Joaquín Beunza Redín
|
In numerous sources it is noted that Beunza originated from “familia campesina”, “familia modesta” or “humilde familia”. It seems that his father was a working-class horticultural employee, living and working in the then horticulture-focused Pamplonese suburb of Rochapea, even though obituary notes featured “Don Ramón Beunza y Viguria”. It is not clear how many children the couple had; except Joaquín, there is only one sister known. It was with great financial difficulty that in the mid-1880s he received secondary education in Instituto Provincial de Pamplona, gaining prizes for excellent results along the way. He obtained bachillerato with premio extraordinario, which in turn allowed him to enter the university. At least since the early 1890s Beunza was studying law in the University of Salamanca, though he registered also at economy courses. He was an excellent student, obtaining awards and representing the faculty in Madrid and abroad. He graduated in 1895 but continued studies in Madrid and – thanks to a grant – in Paris. In 1897 he was admitted to Colegio de Abogados in Pamplona and commenced practice, not clear in what office and what position. He specialized in derecho foral.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
75595526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Beunza%20Red%C3%ADn
|
Joaquín Beunza Redín
|
In 1900 Beunza married Asunción Sáez Oroquieta (?-1960), a girl from Pamplona. She was daughter to Domingo Sáez, a “conocido comerciante” of the city. The couple settled in Pamplona; they had at least 4 children, 2 sons and 2 daughters. None of them was a public figure. Both sons became lawyers, Domingo in Logroño and Daniel in Valencia. Both were Carlists; the latter first served in Navarrese wartime executive and then very briefly in Gipuzkoan FET command layer. He remained moderately active in Comunión Tradicionalista and in the 1960s advocated a firm anti-Francoist stand of the organisation; in 1975 he demanded that the Carlist claimant prince Carlos Hugo, suspected of deviating from Traditionalist orthodoxy, confirms the Carlist credo. The best-known Beunza's descendant is his grandson José Luis Beunza Vázquez, the first conscientious objector in Spain; his case made headlines of foreign press and he remains sort of celebrity until today.
Early political career (1898-1909)
Political preferences of Beunza's ancestors are not clear. His own became known in his mid-20s; in 1898 he was noted as member of the local Junta Directiva of Asociación de San Luis Gonzaga, a Catholic association which grouped young males. During the 1899 local elections he was running to the town hall as a Carlist from the Pamplonese primer distrito, which included his native Rochapea; he was elected, but his competitors lodged a protest; eventually for unclear reason he was declared “incapacitado de ejercer el cargo de concejal” and his ticket was annulled. In 1901 Beunza once again stood in primer distrito, was successful and this time got his ticket confirmed.
| 1.9375
| 0
|
75595526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Beunza%20Red%C3%ADn
|
Joaquín Beunza Redín
|
In mid-1917 three diputaciónes of Basque provinces followed the example of Catalonia and in a joint initiative demanded reintegración foral, return of old separate establishments, dismantled in course of the 19th century. At the time Beunza was member of Consejo Foral Administrativo, an advisory body composed of representatives of local municipalities and appointees of the Navarrese self-government. He advocated the Navarrese access to the Basque initiative and “reintegración vasco-navarra armonizándola con los altos intereses de la Patria”, but Diputación limited themselves to non-committal letter of support. However, the issue gained enormous attention. In 1918 Beunza co-signed a non-party petition in support of full reintegracion foral and “armonizar ese derecho con la indiscutible unidad de España”; the Carlists underlined that Basque-Navarrese establishments should operate “dentro del Estado español y dentro de la unidad nacional”. During the 1919 Asamblea de Pamplona - with 400 ayuntamientos represented – he co-signed a motion demanding that Diputación appoints a commission to propose a new foral regime; he also joined Junta de Reintegración Foral, and was appointed to section focusing on future justice system. It seemed that major reform was behind the corner, but situation in Catalonia escalated, government introduced estado de guerra, then cabinet turmoil followed and the matter faded away. Beunza kept advising the diputación on local issues related to application of derecho foral, be it in case of Lerín in 1919 or Elizondo in 1922.
| 2.203125
| 0
|
75595526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn%20Beunza%20Red%C3%ADn
|
Joaquín Beunza Redín
|
Beunza did not abandon the hope of getting separate regional establishments restored or introduced. In a series of lectures, delivered between March and May 1935 in the Pamplonese Ateneo, he recommended a piecemeal strategy, to “solicitar enseñanza, legislación civil, justicia, política agraria, legislación social y otras varias facultades”. He did not seem attached to any particular formula – be it reintegración foral, autonomy or federation – and claimed that any solution might do given it is supported by population, acceptable constitutionally, and constitutes a step forward. To maintain mobilisation, he launched the idea that every year Navarre celebrates Dia de los Fueros.
In 1935 the Navarrese Comisión Gestora was replaced by Diputación, the first one elected during the republican era. In early 1936 the new self-government restored Consejo Foral Administrativo and appointed Beunza as its member. Some members of CFA – Beunza and numerous Carlists included - floated the idea of Navarre as an autonomous region, though 3 other groups opposed the project: some (La Voz de Navarra) viewed it as impediment on path towards a future joint Basque-Navarrese autonomy, some (Frente Popular Navarro) were anxious that left-wing forces in the province would be left on their own, and some (Diario de Navarra) perceived it as incompatible with genuine fueros. Eventually supporters of the project prevailed and in May 1936 Beunza – among 3 other representatives – was once again sent to the capital to mediate between Pamplona and Madrid.
| 2.34375
| 0
|
75596070
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Chinese%20Americans%20in%20Fresno
|
History of Chinese Americans in Fresno
|
Fresno Chinatown
Many of the Chinese in the Fresno area began to establish new businesses and residences on the west side of the Central Pacific Railroad tracks. The 1898 Sanborn Map generally indicated Chinatown as existing between E, Mariposa, G and Kern Streets. When a Chinese blacksmith attempted to lease a washhouse located outside of this enclave in 1873, a meeting was held to prevent it. Community leaders collected signatures of other residents to pledge to not sell, lease, or rent to Chinese any property on the east side of the railroad track, forming a forcibly segregated area.
The open hostility toward the Chinese extended to an editorial in the Fresno Morning Republican by Dr. Chester Rowell published in 1876 and titled "The Chinese Question." The editorial described the influx of Chinese as "the greatest drawback to the prosperity of the country." This hostility was reflected in federal laws passed during this time, including the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 and the Geary Act in 1892.
Nevertheless, Chinatown during the early twentieth-century became a vibrant and resilient community. The few square blocks offered many amenities to the residents including work, food, benevolent associations, entertainment, education, and religious houses. A Chinese theater was located on China Alley and a Joss House (Chinese Temple) faced G Street. Most Chinese worked in local agriculture, farming figs, grapes, cotton and wheat.
Similar to the other Chinatowns in California such as in San Francisco, Los Angeles and Oakland, Fresno's Chinatown was regarded as a center of gambling, prostitution, and opium by the public and bore the brunt of many efforts to stifle vice in Fresno. In December 1885, the City of Fresno enacted an ordinance banning the use of Opium. Prostitution stings were also frequent.
| 2.734375
| 0
|
75596239
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parvodus
|
Parvodus
|
Parvodus is an extinct genus of hybodont, known from the Mesozoic era.
Species
The initial study naming the genus considered 3 species valid, which were originally placed in Lissodus.
P. curvidens (Duffin and Thies, 1997), Kimmeridgian, Germany
P. pattersoni (Duffin, 1985), Bathonian, England and Scotland
P. rugianus (Ansorge, 1990) Berriasian-Valanginian, England, Germany, Denmark and Sweden.
The paper also noted a possible record is known from the Sinemurian of England.
Some later studies also included the species Parvodus heterodon (Patterson, 1966) from the Early Cretaceous of England in the genus, though other studies have included this species in the genus Polyacrodus. Some studies have also included the species "Hybodus" parvidens Woodward, 1916, from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and North America within Parvodus, though again this species has also been assigned to Polyacrodus. A 2023 paper assigned the newly described species P. huizodus from the Early Triassic of China to the genus. The species Parvodus celsucuspus Rees et al., 2013 has been reported from the Early Cretaceous of England and France.
| 2.125
| 0
|
75596348
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarius%20Oksiyuk
|
Macarius Oksiyuk
|
In 1926-1933 Oksiyuk worked in a library of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Later before the World War II, he worked as a clerk at different government institutions. Following the invasion of Nazi Germany of the Soviet Union, Oksiyuk stayed in Kyiv and in 1941-1942 for short time returned to his work in the library of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. During that time he also worked at the Kyiv city administration department of culture and education as an instructor of religious dominations section. In 1942 he left his job. Soon after that a road accident killed his wife who was run over in the city by the German vehicle. Oksiyuk decided to return serving God and on 5 July 1942 he was ordained as a deacon by bishop of Lvov Panteleimon (Rudyk) (Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church) and the next day ordained as a priest. Until 1943 Mykhailo Oksiuk was a parson at the Intercession of the Theotokos temple at the Kyiv's Podil. From 1943 he was a protoiereus at the Demetrius Church at Podil.
In 1943-1944 Nazi Germany was driven out of Ukraine. In 1945 with the Ukrainian Exarchate was established eparchy of Lvov-Ternopol which was covering four oblasts: Lviv, Drohobych, Stanislav, Ternopil. Those were territories dominated by Greek-Catholics, but in order to statistically increase number of Orthodox faithful, Ternopil Oblast was established with territories of southern Volhynia which contained Pochaiv Lavra.
| 2.21875
| 0
|
75596746
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votive%20baby
|
Votive baby
|
Other religious representations of babies
While people may dedicate votive babies which show an infant on its own, religious representations of babies can take many forms even if they are not ‘votive babies’ per se. Motifs representing a divine child and mother can have various religious purposes. In the Late period in Egypt, for example, a man named Ankhhor gave a statuette of an enthroned Isis nursing the infant Horus to the goddess; two inscriptions on the statuette refer to Isis and call her the Divine Mother, while asking her to give health and life to the dedicator. Rather than a representation of a mortal child, the depiction emphasizes the deity being honored. Several centuries later, the enthroned mother and child motif appeared in the Byzantine-era icon of Mary and Jesus from St. Catherine’s Monastery in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. Rather than a votive presented to a divinity in their shrine, this image functioned as an icon, a sacred image meant to foster devotional interactions between worshiper and holy figure.
Additionally, narratives featuring babies have also been set up at sanctuaries. Stories showing Maya giving birth to the Shakyamuni Buddha were commonly displayed at Buddhist ritual sites, such as stupas or stele shrines. A pottery fragment showing the birth of daughter found in an Etruscan sanctuary sacred to the goddess Uni has been described as the earliest known scene of birth in Western art, although the mother and child’s identity is not clear, nor is the function of the ancient vessel. Narratives involving mortal babies could be offered in ancient Greek sanctuaries, such as a votive relief carved with a sacrificial procession and presentation of an infant to a goddess, in this case likely Artemis. While these images may function as offerings or adornment for the sacred space, rather than focusing on the baby alone, they incorporate the baby into larger narratives and family networks.
| 2.5
| 0
|
75597453
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey%20C.%20Clark
|
Harvey C. Clark
|
At the start of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, Clark accepted a request from Missouri's governor to organize a unit of United States Volunteers. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment, which was accepted for federal service as the 6th Missouri Infantry. The 6th Missouri was assigned to the Seventh Army Corps, which was commanded by Fitzhugh Lee. Lee's corps performed occupation duty in Cuba during late 1898 and early 1899. In February 1899, Clark's wartime service was recognized with promotion to brigadier general and assignment as commander of the 1st Brigade.
Clark continued in command of the 1st Brigade until September 1912, when the Missouri National Guard was organized into a division, which Clark was assigned to command with the rank of major general. Clark commanded the division until June 1916, when he accepted reduction to brigadier general to take command of four regiments of the Missouri National Guard accepted for federal service during the Pancho Villa Expedition as the 3rd Separate Brigade. Clark's brigade performed border security near Laredo, Texas until mustering out of federal service in January 1917.
| 2.78125
| 0
|
75597928
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr%20Goncharov
|
Pyotr Goncharov
|
Pyotr Alekseevich Goncharyov (; 15 January 1903 – 31 January 1944) was a Soviet sniper who killed over 400 Nazis during World War II, making him one of the most successful snipers in history.
Early life
He was born on 15 January 1903 to a Russian peasant family in Yerzovka. After graduating from school in his home village he moved to Stalingrad, where he worked at the Red October metallurgical plant.
World War II
Originally he continued working at the factory after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, but in 1942 he entered the Red Army. Although he was originally tasked with working as a cook, he soon entered direct combat. During a battle in the area of a farm he was badly wounded by an armor-piercing projectile, but surviving and fired his anti-tank rifle at the attacker. He later switched to serving as a sniper, where he quickly showed his talent in sharpshooting. Before the war he has shown a talent for sharpshooting, but never got much practice. However, on the frontlines, he racked up a high tally in a short period of time, killing 380 Nazis by 25 June 1945 when he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded to him on 10 January 1944. He continued to increase his tally, reaching a total number of kills in excess of 400 before he was killed in action on 31 January 1944.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
75598042
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutahharten
|
Mutahharten
|
Pir Husayn (), who was originally the ruler of Karahisar, arrived in Erzincan on 8 June 1362 and succeeded Ahi Ayna Beg. In Ta'rīkh-i taqwīm authored by the 14th-century historian Abu Bakr Qutbi, Pir Husayn is mentioned as an () following the statement about Ahi Ayna's demise, hinting at the possibility he was Ahi Ayna's son. Pir Husayn's ascendance to the throne was not straightforward, as Erzincan was in the midst of a civil war. He "gained independence" on 10 July, having clashed with emirs opposing his rule, who eventually fled to Bayburt and Tercan. On 11 September, he gained direct control of Bayburt after a 32-day siege. Although there is a coin specimen minted in Erzincan for the Eretnid sultan Ala al-Din Ali () dating back to 1366 signifying Erzincan's continued allegiance, Pir Husayn most likely exercised further autonomy, especially following the temporary political vacuum caused by the demise of Ali's predecessor, Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad I (), in 1365. However, there aren't any sufficient accounts for the rest of his rule until 1379, when he died.
While early Ottoman sources mention that Mutahharten was of Tatar origin, in Bazm u Razm, Astarabadi referred to him as the nephew of Eretna, who was of Uyghur descent. Historian Göde identifies Mutahharten's father and Eretna's brother as Burak Beg. According to him, Burak Beg married the daughter of Zahir al-Din Taharten, the Emir of Erzincan at the time, with the approval of Eretna, who later appointed Burak as the Emir of Erzincan at an unclear date.
| 1.90625
| 0
|
75598045
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882%20Spuyten%20Duyvil%20train%20wreck
|
1882 Spuyten Duyvil train wreck
|
There was also a question about what had started the fire that had caused most of the deaths. Like most railroads of the era, the Central had reacted to public and governmental pressure in the wake of previous crashes where deaths were attributed to preventable fires and taken steps to reduce the risk. It had installed the Baker process heating system, in which a closed boiler at one end heated hot water piped around the walls of the car, in the luxury sleepers in place of stoves. But light in the car was provided by mineral oil lamps, which the railroad had migrated to from candles a year and a half earlier, even though candles had a lower fire risk in crashes since the force of impact tended to extinguish them, because the traveling public liked the light better, the railroad said.
The railroad maintained that the heating system could not have caused the fire. Hanford disagreed, noting that the fire had been concentrated closest to the rear of the train, with none at all around the boiler at the front of the car. He also believed the oil lamps had exacerbated the problem. A passenger who had been standing next to Valentine as the local came into view but chose to run into the train instead of jumping (an action which led to him mistakenly being presumed to have died at first) corroborated Hanford's account, recalling the fire after the wreck was fiercest closer to the end of the train.
Press reaction
| 2.0625
| 0
|
75598045
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882%20Spuyten%20Duyvil%20train%20wreck
|
1882 Spuyten Duyvil train wreck
|
The coroner's jury also made some recommendations to the railroad and lawmakers:
Mineral oil should no longer be used to fuel lighting in cars,
all cars should be converted to steam- or hot water-based heating from coal-fired stoves,
the automatic block signalling system in use closer to Grand Central be extended further along the line,
flagmen be required at all times at either end of any cut or curve where visibility was limited,
all rail employees be required to prove their literacy,
trains be required to have crews commensurate with their length in cars,
water buckets, axes and other emergency firefighting tools be stocked on every train,
and lastly, that railroads be prohibited from giving passes to elected officials.
The state senate's committee also recommended expanding the regulatory ambit of the state's railroad commission, which the full body did the following year. The call for increased use of steam or hot-water heat led to increase in innovations. Patent applications for such systems, which had fallen off after a spike following the 1876 Ashtabula River railroad disaster in Ohio, the deadliest rail disaster in the country at that time, where coal-fired stoves had triggered the fires that killed many of the 92 victims, rose again, with 16 filed in 1883.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
75598826
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheltau%20%28massif%29
|
Zheltau (massif)
|
Zheltau (; ) is a massif located in Karkaraly District, Karaganda Region and Bayanaul District, Pavlodar Region, Kazakhstan.
The border between Karaganda Region and Pavlodar Region runs from east to west along the mountain massif. Zhanatilek lies to the northwest and Yegindybulak town to the southeast.
Geography
Zheltau is located in the Kazakh Uplands, to the southwest of the Kyzyltau. The massif rises just to the south of the southern shore of lake Shalkarkol. Lake Saumalkol lies to the south of the southern edge. The Ashchysu river flows to the west of the western end and the Kyrgyn, its right tributary, heads northwestward close to the southern slopes. The Karasu has its sources on the southern side of the highest summits and flows towards lake Karasor.
The Zheltau consists of an elongated cluster of hills rising quite detached from each other. The relief is generally steep, deeply cut by river valleys and ravines. The highest point of the massif is high Mt Zheltau, rising in the central sector. Now abandoned Zheltau village was located at the feet of the northern slopes of the range.
Flora
The mountains are covered in parts with resilient low vegetation, such as Artemisia austriaca, Chamaesphacos, Festuca, Helictotrichon and Caragana, most plant growth is found in riverside meadows.
| 2.125
| 0
|
75598876
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yola%20Semedo
|
Yola Semedo
|
Yola Semedo (born 8 May 1978) is an Angolan singer, known for her work both as part of the group Impactus 4 as well as her solo albums. She is known for songs such as "Você me abana", "Não entendo", and "Volta amor". Dubbed the "Diva of Angolan Music", she has gone on to win awards from the Angola Music Awards, and was nominated for an award by African Entertainment Awards USA.
Biography
Semedo was born in the city of Lobito, near Benguela, to a musical family. She has been singing since her youth. She started singing for the group Impactus 4, started by her brothers, as a young child in 1984. In the following years, she would participate more in performances in the region as a vocalist, as well as playing keyboard. Semedo and the group became more internationally known in 1985, when she received the Voice of Gold award from UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar during the UNESCO International festival in Sofia, Bulgaria. She would be later recognized as the Young Female Voice of Gold of Africa by the government of São Tomé and Príncipe, as well as to commemorate the 1 year anniversary of the death of Mozambican leader Samora Machel. The group went on to perform at many more events and receiving more awards internationally. They also worked on another project called O projecção until 1989.
In 1990, after the divorce of her parents, her mother emigrated with her family to Namibia, where she resided until 2005. During this time period, she continued to tour and perform in both Angola and Namibia, as well as worldwide. She began to record solo albums around the same time, such as Yola Semedo and Minha alma. She performed with artists such as Lucky Dube, Michael Jackson, Brenda Fassie, and Stevie Wonder. She also has collaborated with Angolan artists such as Yola Araújo and Paulo Flores. Her collaboration with Flores, namely the song "Mar Azul", is featured in the soundtrack of A Única Mulher.
| 2.28125
| 0
|
75599320
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monthly%20Darul%20Uloom
|
Monthly Darul Uloom
|
Azhar Shah Qaiser's writings, titled "Harf-e-Aghaz," cover academic, intellectual, research, literary, and political issues. Writing from Zafeeruddin Miftahi and occasionally Nadim Al-Wajdi are also included. The "Adabiyyat" section consistently showcases ghazals from poets like Mahir ul Qadri, Jigar Moradabadi, and others.
Every month, the criticism and commentary column presents reviews for new books by various authors, addressing multiple releases concurrently. Alongside Azhar Shah Qaiser, writers like Anzar Shah Kashmiri, Abdul Rauf Aali, and Qamar Ahmed Usmani engage in commentary writing.
Under Azhar Shah Qaiser's editorship, the Monthly Darul Uloom becomes a comprehensive publication, covering academic, religious, literary, and critical topics for a diverse audience. Habibur Rahman Azami's column, "Nigarishat Ka Column," features creations from scholars and writers, while his articles in the Monthly Darul Uloom are compiled into a three-volume series titled "Maqalat-e-Habib," have received acclaim in academic circles.
Theme examination
In its inaugural edition, the editor of Monthly Darul Uloom delineated the magazine's objectives. The publication aims to present divine sciences and prophetic teachings in an accessible manner, transcending social classes. Its mission includes clarifying the principles of Islam, investigating Islamic theology, and presenting clear responses to historical events and arguments from both contemporary and historical critics of Islam. It works to highlight the aesthetic aspects of the faith, engaging both allies and adversaries in developing a religious mindset among Muslims in the current era of disbelief and irreligiosity. Emphasizing legal matters within the Islamic framework, the magazine only features writings from within the Islamic faith, excluding writers from other religions or rites.
| 1.976563
| 0
|
75599499
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairi%20%28gamer%29
|
Kairi (gamer)
|
Background
Kairi Ygnacio Rayosdelsol was born on September 21, 2005 in Limay, Bataan. His father, Dags Rayosdelsol was an OFW (Overseas Filipino Worker) to support him and his family. In a Zoom interview with ANC, Dags described Kairi as a fast learner in MOBAS, specifically Dota 2. He also said how smart Kairi was, especially in Mathematics, often getting into math competitions at school. Kairi's father would often bond with him by playing some online games together especially MOBA type of games at their local internet cafe.
Career
Blacklist International
In 2020, Blacklist International signed Rayosdelsol to its main roster alongside Edward Jay "EDWARD" Dapadap, a close friend of his and is also from Bataan. Rayosdelsol started as Blacklist International's starting Jungler. Despite his age, many nicknamed Kairi "The Future" for his fast mechanics and plays. Notable hero picks from Kairi were the Lancelot when used properly, can abuse its first skill to dash for an unlimited time. He used his fast paced advantage to propel Blacklist into the playoffs. However, Blacklist would not advance further in the competition after losing 2–3 to Smart Omega in the Quarterfinals. At the time, MPL Philippines Season 6 did not follow a double-elimination tournament bracket, thus eliminating Blacklist and settling for a 5th–8th finish.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
75600094
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20exoskeleton
|
Soft exoskeleton
|
The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (now known as the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab) conducted a clinical trial involving stroke survivors using soft exoskeletons with integrated inertial measurement units (IMUs). This study addresses the prevalent issue of gait deficits in stroke survivors, affecting up to 80% of patients despite current rehabilitation efforts. The research emphasizes the necessity for user-friendly rehabilitation technologies, introducing a soft wearable robot (exosuit) from Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. The soft exosuit, designed within the 2018–2023 funding cycle, employs compliant materials and features force-transmitting conformal textiles, proximally-mounted cable-based actuation systems, and adaptive control algorithms. Worn discreetly under clothing, the exosuit aims to enhance stability and dynamic control during gait and functional training, facilitating higher intensity and variable functional mobility levels in acute rehabilitation. The study's objectives include developing individualized adaptive controller parameters and progression strategies for inpatient stroke rehabilitation using the exosuit. The research also seeks to evaluate the exosuit's impact on functional recovery when used in conjunction with conventional rehabilitation, comparing outcomes to conventional rehabilitation alone. The observational study at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab confirmed the exosuit's effectiveness in improving gait and functional mobility among stroke patients.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
75600736
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic%20Jews%20in%20Romania
|
Sephardic Jews in Romania
|
Sephardic Jews have played an important historical role in Romania, although their numbers in the country have dwindled to a few hundred, with most living in the capital, Bucharest. Antisemitic pogroms and economic strife lead to mass emigration out of the country in the 20th century.
History
Origins
Many Sephardic Jews began settling in Wallachia in the 16th century, then under Ottoman rule, although there is evidence they began settling in Romania as early as 1496 following the Spanish Inquisition and Alhambra Decree. They arrived through the Ottoman Empire, which was more welcoming towards Jewish immigration than other countries in Europe at the time.
Communities
In 1730, following advice of Jews Daniel de Fonseca and Celebi Mentz Bali, the then-ruler of Wallachia, Nicolae Mavrocordat, formally allowed Sephardic Jews to organize themselves into communities. Since then, according to historian Iuliu Barasch, many Sephardim from the Ottoman Empire began settling in Romania. However, it was not until 1819 that the first synagogue was built in the capital, Cahal Grande, with reforms by Rabbis Eliezer Papo and Damascus Eliezer.
Since the establishment of said communities, the Sephardic community in Romania thrived, despite antisemetic measures taken by government officials Ion C. Brătianu and Dimitrie A. Sturdza. In 1934, there were large Sephardic communities in Bucharest, Craiova, Ploiești, Turnu Severin, Timișoara, Corabia, Calafat, Brăila, Galați, Tulcea, Constanța and Giurgiu.
From 1921 to 1930, there was no head rabbi for the Jews in the country. 1931 saw Sabetay Djaen become the chief Sephardic rabbi for the country. He stayed until the end of the 2nd World War; then he returned to Argentina.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
75601789
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Allison%20Grant
|
Amy Allison Grant
|
Amy Allison Grant (born 1880, died after 1930) was an early 20th century American performer, particularly of recitations of poetry and operas, with musical accompaniment.
Early life and education
Grant was born in Chicago, the daughter of Samuel Veall Grant and Dorcas Emma Hill Grant. She trained as a singer with David Ffrangcon-Davies. She graduated from the Stanhope Wheatcroft Dramatic School in 1898, and from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1908. She also studied at the University of Chicago, the Chicago Musical College, and the University of Oxford.
Career
Grant performed dramatic recitations of poetry with musical accompaniment. Her signature piece was Tennyson's Enoch Arden, with music by Richard Strauss. She translated, abridged or otherwise arranged her own adaptations of opera libretti. She gave recitals at her studio on West 55th Street in New York, in private homes, at the Hartford Golf Club, and at New York's Aeolian Hall and Plaza Hotel, with programming that followed the Metropolitan Opera and Chicago Opera offerings. Her performances were described as preparing her audiences to better enjoy a night at the opera, with an understanding of the story and music. She also taught voice students, and performed in Florida during winters in the 1920s.
In 1909 Grant hosted a benefit concert for the William Lloyd Garrison Equal Rights Association, a women's suffrage organization, at her New York studio. During World War I, she gave a series of benefits for the American Red Cross. In 1924, she gave a benefit recital for a new Episcopal church building in Palm Beach, Florida. She was a member of the Authors League, and associate editor of The Musical Monitor.
| 2.515625
| 0
|
75602083
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perothops
|
Perothops
|
Perothops is a genus of false click beetles in the family Eucnemidae containing 3 species. They are known as beech-tree beetles or perothopid beetles. They are small as they are only 10–18 millimeters long. It is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Perothopinae. They are dark-colored beetles that are found across the United States, generally in forests. The genus was discovered by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz in 1836. It used to be considered a family not part of Eucnemidae. The genus's name is from Greek, translating to "maimed/crippled eye" or "eye of little necklaces/bands", referring to the placement of perothopid eyes.
Adult morphology
General description
These beetles are small, measuring 10–18 mm in length. Their bodies are slightly flattened or somewhat convex, with sides that are not evenly curved. They cannot roll into a ball and their upper surfaces are covered in hairs, setae, or scales, but not stiff bristles. They lack deep grooves or pits on their upper surfaces.
Head and mouthparts
The head is not wider than the prothorax, or the first segment of the thorax, and is moderately to strongly declined. It has no snout or neck, and the temples are either absent or not closely pressed against the prothorax. There are no ridges on the top of the head, and the beetles do not have a stridulatory file, a part used to make sound. The eyes are large and protuberant, with finely facetted ommatidia, and the antennae are 11-segmented and reach past the middle of the prothorax but not the middle of the elytra. They are shaped like thread and may have single branches on some segments.
The mouthparts are not modified for piercing or sucking. The mandibles are moderately long and curved, with a simple incisor edge. The maxillae have distinct paired appendages and the labial palps, =which are also paired appendages, are slightly to strongly expanded at the tip.
| 2.6875
| 0
|
75602083
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perothops
|
Perothops
|
Etymology
The name of the genus of beetles is derived from Greek. The suffix, "thops", means "eye". The prefix, though, is harder to identify. It most likely is referring to "maimed/crippled" or "little necklaces/bands". This name may refer to the placement of the eyes on these beetles. The specimens in this genus are known as Beech-tree beetles. This is most likely due to Willis Blatchley finding adult specimens of P. muscidus on old beech trees.
Differentiation
There are multiple factors to help differentiate the species of Perothops from each other. Perothops witticki is reddish-brown and its hairs are yellowish-gray. It has rounded sides but a sharp posterior angle. Perothops cervinus, on the other hand, has a divergent, acute, and long posterior angle. The two mentioned species are found in southern California.
To contrast, Perothops muscidus is widely distributed across the Eastern U.S.A. P. muscidus has a shorter posterior angle and shorter lateral lobes.
Distribution, habitat and other information
P. muscidus is distributed across the Eastern United States, and the other 2 species in the genus are spread out across California. The species of the genus generally appear in forested areas. As of January 2024, their diet is unknown, along with their conservation status – no research is taking place. They appear from the middle of May into June. The subfamily this genus belongs to was described first by Jean Théodore Lacordaire in 1857. This genus was described by Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz in 1836.
| 3.015625
| 0
|
75602590
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Future%20of%20Democracy
|
The Future of Democracy
|
The Future of Democracy: A Defence of the Rules of the Game () is a 1984 book by the Italian political scientist Norberto Bobbio. It was published in English in 1987 by the University of Minnesota Press.
Summary
The book contains seven essays about the relationship between democracy and the institutions it relies on. Bobbio examined what he called the "six broken promises of democracy". These concern the respect for the individual's sovereignty, the conflict between political representation and particular interests, oligarchy, self-governance, education and transparency. Bobbio defined democracy as a set of rules and argued that even a poorly functioning democracy is preferable to a well-functioning dictatorship.
Reception
Richard Dagger wrote in the Social Science Quarterly that although Bobbio represented the Italian Socialist Party in the Senate of the Republic, his conception of democracy is liberal rather than socialist, because Bobbio argued that competition between elites is the defining characteristic of democracy. Dagger wrote that the book contains "good advice" but criticised Bobbio for being too willing to accept deficiencies in democratic regimes.
| 2.390625
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
248 A new incursion of Goths, who had been refused the annual contribution promised by Gordian III, and of Carpi, their associates, again brought devastation to the province of Lower Moesia.
The invasion was thus eventually stopped by Philip the Arab's general, Decius Trajan, the future emperor, at the city of Marcianopolis, which had been under siege for a long time. The surrender was also made possible by a still rudimentary technique on the part of the Germans with regard to siege machines and, as Jordanes suggests, "by the sum paid to them by the inhabitants."
249 Decius, proclaimed emperor by the Pannonian-Moesian armies, headed for Italy, taking most of the border troops with him, and near Verona he succeeded in defeating the army of Philip the Arab, who died along with his son. However, having depleted the defenses of the Balkan area once again allowed the Goths and Carpi to swarm into the provinces of Dacia, Lower Moesia and Thrace. The Goths, having crossed the frozen Danube, divided into two marching columns. The first horde pushed into Thrace as far as Philippopolis (present-day Plovdiv), where they besieged the governor Titus Julius Priscus; the second, more numerous (as many as seventy thousand men are reported) and commanded by Cniva, pushed into Lower Moesia, as far as below the walls of Novae.
250 Decius was forced to return to the lower Danube frontier to face the invasion accomplished the previous year by Cniva's Goths. This was a horde of hitherto unseen size, coordinated moreover with the Carpi who attacked the province of Dacia. Cniva, repelled by Trebonianus Gallus near Novae, led his armies under the walls of Nicopolis. Meanwhile, Decius, having learned of the difficult situation in which the entire Balkan-Danubian front found itself, decided to rush in personally: he defeated and repelled the Carpi from the Dacian province, which is why the emperor was given the epithets of "Dacicus maximus," and "Restitutor Daciarum" ("Restorer of Dacia").
| 2
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
268 During this year, the Alemanni once again succeeded in penetrating northern Italy through the Brenner Pass, taking advantage of the absence of the Roman army, which was busy facing both the devastating invasion of the Goths in Moesia, Achaia, Macedonia, Pontus, and Asia, and the usurper Aureolus, who had fortified himself in Milan. The subsequent rush of the Roman army of Claudius II the Gothic (the new emperor who had witnessed Aureolus' capitulation), forced the Alemanni to stop their raids and negotiate their withdrawal from Italic soil. The failure to reach an agreement forced Claudius to fight them: he scored the decisive victory in November, in the Battle of Lake Benacus (Lake Garda), which, as Aurelius Victor relates, allowed their final expulsion from northern Italy with very heavy losses. It is said that more than half of the barbarians perished in the course of the battle.
Fifth phase: the reunion of the old empire (269-275)
Beginning with Claudius the Gothic, but especially with his successor, Aurelian, the ideal of a restoration of the unity of the Roman Empire became firmly established. The main task awaiting this last emperor was to have to reunite the two "trunks" that had been formed during the reign of Gallienus, namely, the Gallic Empire in the West and the kingdom of Queen Zenobia's Palmyra in the East.
| 2.046875
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
The growing crisis along the Danubian frontiers, in addition to the secession in the West of the Empire of Gaul and in the East of the Kingdom of Palmyra, forced Aurelian to evacuate the province of the Three Dacias, under increasing blows mainly from the Goths (in particular, from the Tervingi tribe) and Carpi, as well as the Sarmatian Iazigians of the Tisza plain. He, clearing the area north of the Danube, decided, however, to form a new province of Dacia south of the course of the great river, hiving off two new regions from Lower Moesia: "Dacia Ripense" and "Dacia Mediterranea." The final abandonment of Dacia was completed between 271 and 273. The consequences of the Roman abandonment of the Carpathian basin generated not only new tensions between the Goths and Gepids in the east and the Iazyges in the west, due to the contact between the various tribes, but also allowed for the strengthening of the borders of the lower-middle Danube with the withdrawal of two entire legions (Legio V Macedonica and Legio XIII Gemina, now positioned in Oescus and Ratiaria) and a substantial number of auxiliary units, for a combined total of more than forty-five thousand armed men.
| 2.125
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
Finally, the Historia Augusta relates that in the course of the entire campaign the emperor had killed over four hundred thousand barbarians and liberated as many as sixty cities in Gaul. The vanquished were required to hand over hostages to guarantee the treaty; nine barbarian chieftains knelt together before Probus, a number of Roman military forts were restored along the Neckar river valleys, sixteen thousand Germans were conscripted into the ranks of the Roman army and distributed in groups of fifty or sixty among the various auxiliary units, and, to compensate for the demographic regression of the countryside, a certain number of barbarians ("laeti" or "gentiles" or "dediticii") were settled to cultivate the lands of the empire, as had been the case in the past, at the time of Marcus Aurelius and the Marcomannic Wars. Among these settlers a group of Franks settled in Pontus rebelled and, after seizing a number of ships, carried out raids and devastation in Achaia, Asia Minor, North Africa and pushed on as far as the city of Syracuse, which they occupied before returning home unharmed. Lastly, an inscription found at Augusta Vindelicorum records that this emperor is credited with restoring order along the borders of the province of Rhaetia as "Restitutor provinciae."
The emperor then turned his armies toward the front of the middle Danube, traveling along the river and reviewing all the troops in Noricum, Upper and Lower Pannonia (where he succeeded in defeating the Iazigians and Vandals), and Thrace. For these latter successes the title "RESTITUTOR ILLIRICI" ("restorer of Illyricum") was minted on the coins. Finally he went, at the end of that year, to Isauria to put down an uprising of brigands (with a final siege at their stronghold in Cremna, Pisidia).
| 2.625
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
Given the increasing difficulty in containing the numerous revolts within and along the borders, a further territorial division was made in 293 in order to facilitate military operations: Diocletian appointed Galerius as his Caesar for the East, while Maximian did the same with Constantius Chlorus for the West.
285 It fell to the new and sole emperor, Diocletian, to repel new Germano-Sarmatian invasions in both Moesia and Lower Pannonia, once again aided by having unprotected the borders of the lower-middle Danubian tract due to the recent civil war. As a result of these successes he received the appellations "Germanicus maximus" and "Sarmaticus maximus," having decisively beaten Quadi and Iazyges. At the same time Maximian moved into Gaul, first engaging the Bagaudian rebels in the late summer of that year. Details of the campaign are scattered and provide no tactical details. In the fall, two barbarian armies, one of Burgundians and Alemanni, the other of Chaibones and Heruli, forced the Rhine limes and entered Gaul; the first army died of starvation and disease, while Maximian intercepted and defeated the second one. Following these events, the caesar established headquarters on the Rhine in anticipation of future campaigns.
286 The prefect of the English Channel Fleet, the future usurper Carausius, who had the city of Gesoriacum as his main fleet headquarters, succeeded in repelling attacks by Frankish and Saxon pirates along the coasts of Britain and Belgic Gaul, while Maximian defeated Burgundians and Alemanni, as a panegyric of his in 289 suggests.
287 New successes over the Germanic tribes are confirmed by the fact that Diocletian was renewed the appellation "Germanicus maximus" twice during the year. Successes were achieved by the armies of the other augustus, Maximian, against Alemanni and Burgundians on the upper Rhine, as well as Saxons and Franks along the lower course.
| 2.515625
| 0
|
75602783
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarian%20invasions%20into%20the%20Roman%20Empire%20of%20the%203rd%20century
|
Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century
|
From the advent of Maximinus the Thracian, there was instead a gradual but ineluctable change of direction; figures who were expressions of the army, the viri militares, often of modest origin and raised in the ranks of the legions of the limes, obtained roles and powers that had previously been reserved for members of senatorial, Italic or provincial families. It was from the armies most engaged on the containment front that these men arose; and among them, the broad Danubian and Pannonian sector in particular brought forth emperors such as Decius, Claudius the Gothic, Probus, and Valentinian I. Although of greater importance, the Danubian area was not the only cradle of emperors and usurpers, and the lack of a strong central power in Rome represented by the Senate caused on more than one occasion the momentary disintegration of the Empire, as in the case of the Gallic Empire and the Kingdom of Palmyra. However, this also showed that the defense of the Empire could by then no longer be entrusted to one man, unless the entire administrative structure of the provinces was revolutionized: something that, once the storm had passed, Diocletian tried to implement.
| 2.734375
| 0
|
75602963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20erinaceids
|
List of erinaceids
|
Erinaceidae is a family of small mammals in the order Eulipotyphla. A member of this family is called an erinaceid, and the family includes hedgehogs and gymnures. Erinaceidae is one of four families in the order Eulipotyphla. They are found in Africa, Europe, and Asia, primarily in forests, shrublands, savannas, and grasslands, though some species can also be found in deserts, rocky areas, or caves. They range in size from the gymnures in the Hylomys genus, at plus a tail, to the moonrat, at plus a tail. Erinaceids are omnivorous and primarily eat insects and small vertebrates such as lizards, though they also consume plants, eggs, and fungi. Hedgehogs all have spines on their backs, while gymnures have fur. No erinaceids have population estimates, but the Hainan gymnure and Dinagat gymnure are categorized as endangered species.
The twenty-four extant species of Erinaceidae are divided into two subfamilies: Erinaceinae, containing sixteen hedgehog species in five genera, and Galericinae, containing eight gymnure species in five genera. A few extinct prehistoric Erinaceidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.
Conventions
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the erinaceid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.
Classification
The family Erinaceidae consists of two subfamilies: Erinaceinae, containing sixteen hedgehog species in five genera, and Galericinae, containing eight gymnure species in five genera.
| 2.953125
| 0
|
75602963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20erinaceids
|
List of erinaceids
|
Family Erinaceidae
Subfamily Erinaceinae
Genus Atelerix (African hedgehogs): four species
Genus Erinaceus (woodland hedgehogs): four species
Genus Hemiechinus (long-eared hedgehogs): two species
Genus Mesechinus (steppe hedgehogs): two species
Genus Paraechinus (desert hedgehogs): four species
Subfamily Galericinae
Genus Echinosorex (moonrat): one species
Genus Hylomys (gymnures): three species
Genus Neohylomys (Hainan gymnure): one species
Genus Neotetracus (shrew gymnure): one species
Genus Podogymnura (Philippine gymnures): two species
Erinaceids
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. The range shown is only for wild populations; domesticated hedgehogs, which are usually four-toed hedgehogs, North African hedgehogs, or hybrids of the two, may live outside these areas.
Subfamily Erinaceinae
Subfamily Galericinae
| 2.484375
| 0
|
75603065
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangarli%20cavalry
|
Kangarli cavalry
|
With the consultation of the elders of the Kangarli tribe of Nakhchivan, two hundred Kangarli cavalrymen were sent to help General Parkechiv. The cavalry was commanded by Farajulla Bey, the son of Kor Khan, the captain of the Russian army. His assistant was captain Zeynalabdin Soltan, son of Haji Isa Soltan, one of the Kangarli beys. Mehdi Agha, son of Kalbali Khan, was also on the list of centurions. In general, all Kangarli gentlemen who could hold a weapon were serving in this group.
During the entire campaign of 1829, the Kangarli Cavalry mainly operated as part of the consolidated Cossack regiment and participated in the Oltu expedition of Lieutenant Colonel Prince M. Z. Argutinsky-Dolgorukin's detachment as an independent unit only on September 18–20. The siege of the Oltu fortress and its subsequent firing led to the surrender of the fortress garrison. Kangarli cavalrymen, who were in the vanguard of the detachment, became more prominent in the battle of Milli-Duz. All Transcaucasia Muslim cavalry regiments, including the Kangarli cavalry, were awarded with commemorative flags on October 26, 1830, for their distinction in the battles of 1829. According to the order of Nicholas I, Kangarli cavalrymen were given an honorary flag for their bravery, the State Coat of Arms and the monogram of Nicholas I were depicted on its green fabric. There is a flag in History Museum of Azerbaijan belonging to a detachment of the Kangarli cavalry. Researches show that the flag of the Kangarli Cavalry was transported to the palace of Ehsan Khan under the personal leadership of the Caucasus Governor - Field Marshal Prince Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov (1782-1856).
| 2.359375
| 0
|
75603518
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg%20negotiations
|
Salzburg negotiations
|
Faced with this division, Stephan Burián von Rajecz, then Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, approached the forthcoming negotiations with great caution, at least in talks with his German counterpart Richard von Kühlmann on June 11 and 12, 1918. The Austro-Hungarian representatives implicitly stated their intention to empty the May 12 agreements of their commercial aspects, and to substitute preferential customs agreements for a customs union between the Reich and the Dual Monarchy, the option favored by the German negotiators at the time.
Partial results
Meeting on July 9, 1918, the German and Austro-Hungarian delegations quickly drew up a joint declaration of principles, later referred to by Georges-Henri Soutou as the "Salzburg negotiations".
Customs agreements
Negotiations initially focused on the terms of a customs agreement between the Reich and the dual monarchy, as both partners wished to retain control over their own trade policies.
Despite this shared desire, the German and Austro-Hungarian negotiators soon came to an agreement: a common tariff scheme was drawn up, imposing identical customs duties on the other countries, with intermediate duties for products subject to different customs duties between the two empires. However, this project quickly aroused the open hostility of the agrarians, who were influential in Prussia, greatly slowing down the negotiations.
| 2.375
| 0
|
75603518
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg%20negotiations
|
Salzburg negotiations
|
Among the outstanding points, the German and Austro-Hungarian negotiators attempted to define the customs regime uniting the Balkan states, which were destined to be reorganized under German influence, and the new German–Austro-Hungarian customs bloc. Indeed, a new, independent Serbian state was to form a pole of balance in the Balkans, reorganized for the benefit of the Reich; this new Serbia, however, was destined to be absorbed into the Mitteleuropa customs bloc. However, the precise status of the new Serbia was still up in the air, due to German–Austro-Hungarian rivalries: the Germans planned to enlarge Serbia to include Montenegro and part of Albania, and to link it closely to the Reich through control of its railways and the Bor copper mines; the Austro-Hungarians aspired to reconstitute a small kingdom deprived of its conquests of 1912 and 1913, while placing it under strict Austro-Hungarian political and economic tutelage.
Dissensions
Despite the shared desire of the Reich and Austria-Hungary to maintain control over their customs policy, each of the partners had to contend with the reservations of their respective pressure groups.
For example, the Hungarian negotiators on the Austro-Hungarian delegation in Salzburg were opposed to an agreement with the Reich on butcher's meat duties, as long as the equivalent agreement with Austria, pending since the conclusion of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1917, had not been concluded with Austrian representatives.
| 2.28125
| 0
|
75603722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupolemos%20of%20Elis
|
Eupolemos of Elis
|
This reconsideration of the Hellanodikai was an anomaly in the history of the Olympic Games. Indeed, ancient authors tended to praise their qualities and impartiality. The two judges who decided in favor of Eupolemos were nevertheless fined by the olympic council, the amount of which is unknown. Fines imposed on athletes were often very high; those imposed on referees may also have been. It is possible that the sum was paid to Léon d'Ambracie as compensation. This verdict by the council was surprising, but it is highly probable that they were unable to reverse a decision by the Hellanodikai, primarily for religious reasons, since the winners were considered to have been chosen by the gods.
Leo of Ambracia's accusation of corruption was equally problematic. Had it been true, Eupolemos of Elis would also have been fined, but this does not appear to have been the case. However, it is still possible that someone else paid the judges to decide in Eupolemos' favor. It's also possible that they favored their compatriot, either consciously or unconsciously: knowing Eupolemos better than the foreign riders, they might have believed, in good faith, that he would come in first. Finally, there's one last possibility: as the Hellanodikai were chosen by lot from among the citizens of Elis, the referees of the XCVI Games footrace may have been incompetent.
Pentathlete
Eupolemos of Elis also won the pentathlon twice at the Pythian Games (probably in 398 and 394 BC) and once at the Nemean Games (probably in 397 BC).
| 2.015625
| 0
|
75604392
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth%20organometallic%20chemistry
|
Bismuth organometallic chemistry
|
The stabilization of bismuth's +3 oxidation state due to the inert pair effect yields a plethora of organometallic bismuth-transition metal compounds and clusters with interesting electronics and 3D structures.
Catalysts
Due to the inert pair effect of the heavy, organometallic compounds of Bi (III) show Lewis acid properties given the lower ability of the 6s electron pair to mix with molecular orbitals and form σ-bonds. The search for non-toxic equivalents of boronic acids in advancing the Suzuki-Miyaura carbon-carbon coupling reactions and expand the scope of carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen coupling ones turned chemists' attention to organometallic bismuth chemistry. Two catalytic mechanisms were proposed in the C-C bond formation catalyzed by bismuth organometallic compounds. The major difference arises from the rate of the oxidative addition to Pd(0) into a C-Bi bond or C-O one, yielding cycles A and B, respectively (see image).
Compounds with a metal-Bi σ-bond
Among the first representatives of the organometallic bismuth chemistry are a series of iron cyclopentadienyl compounds synthesized by Cullen et al. Characteristic to these is a σ Fe-Bi bond, the iron center bound to 1 cyclopentadienyl and to carbon monoxide ligands only having 17 electron in its coordination sphere in the absence of the Bi bond.
Adding to this, Huttner et al. described the synthesis of mixed Mn-Bi compounds. Most of the synthetic routes use bismuth trichloride as the bismuth metal source. The first proposed route relied on manganese cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl as the starting material. A better yielding route employed [Cp(CO)2Mn(SiPh3)] anionic species as the manganese metal source. The synthesized [{Cp(CO)2Mn}2BiCl] adduct dimerizes in the solid-state.
| 1.929688
| 0
|
75604598
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy%20Weyman
|
Jerzy Weyman
|
Jerzy Maria Weyman (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjɛʐɨ ˈveyman]; born April 29, 1955) is a Polish-American mathematician whose field is algebra. With over four decades of professional expertise, he has authored more than 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has written two books.
Biography
Weyman was born on April 29, 1955, in Toruń, Poland, into a family with a rich history, including notable figures from Polish history and literature. His maternal great-great-grandfather, Count Aleksander Fredro, was a poet and playwright from the era of Polish Romanticism, while his great-grandfather, Piotr Szembek, served as a military general in the 19th century. Weyman's father's family immigrated to Poland from Alsace in the 19th century, where the surname Weyman is common. Both of Weyman's parents were doctors.
His interest in mathematics began in the 4th grade at IV LO [High School in Toruń, where a teacher inspired him. Enrolling in the Faculty of Mathematics at Nicolaus Copernicus University of Toruń in 1973, Weyman developed a passion for algebra, particularly influenced by his mentor Tadeusz Józefiak. The same year, Weyman won a bronze medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad in Moscow.
In 1977, Weyman defended his master's thesis on ideals generated by monomials. He became an assistant professor at the Mathematical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He later pursued graduate studies at Brandeis University in the US, completing his Ph.D. in 1980 on free resolutions of determinantal ideals. Weyman returned to Poland in the early 1980s, continuing his role at the Mathematical Institute and collaborating on commutative algebra problems. In 1982, he received the Award of the Polish Mathematical Society for Young Mathematicians, and in 1984, he became a laureate of the Kazimierz Kuratowski Prize along with Piotr Pragacz.
| 2.578125
| 0
|
75604669
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea%20lasiophylla
|
Nymphaea lasiophylla
|
Nymphaea lasiophylla is a species of waterlily native to East Brazil. It has also been introduced to the Venezuelan Antilles.
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Nymphaea lasiophylla is an aquatic herb with cylindrical tubers. The leaf blade is suborbicular to orbicular and has an entire, flat margin. The actinodromous leaf venation with impressed veins has 7-11 primary veins.
Generative characteristics
The nocturnal flowers float on the water surface. The crimson red, 6-7 mm long carpellary appendages are clavate.
The strongly aromatic, solvent-like floral fragrance consists of twelve compounds: Methyl hexanoate, Methyl 2-methylbutanoate, Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate, Methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate, Benzyl alcohol, Benzaldehyde, Methyl benzoate, Benzyl 2-methylbutanoate, Anisole, (methoxymethyl)benzene, and 1.4-dimethoxybenzene.
Cytology
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 18.
Reproduction
Vegetative reproduction
Both stolons and proliferating pseudanthia are present. Nymphaea lasiophylla forms 1-2 secondary proliferating pseudanthia. They are the main mode of reproduction in this species. The tubers, which often develop leaves and roots prior to their detachment, break off easily from the proliferating pseudanthia. They briefly float in the water and grow into new plants elsewhere.
Generative reproduction
While generative reproduction does occur, its significance is diminished by the prominence of vegetative reproduction through proliferating pseudanthia. Seeds were only observed in one of 20 populations.
Taxonomy
It was first described by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in 1832.
Type specimen
The type specimen was collected close to Joazerio in the state of Bahia, Brazil.
Placement within Nymphaea
It is placed in Nymphaea subg. Hydrocallis.
Segregation of Nymphaea caatingae
Plant material previously believed to be Nymphaea lasiophylla was later assigned to a new species, Nymphaea caatingae.
| 2.640625
| 0
|
75604717
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20coordinate%20systems
|
Solar coordinate systems
|
Carrington system
The Carrington heliographic coordinate system, established by Richard C. Carrington in 1863, rotates with the Sun at a fixed rate based on the observed rotation of low-latitude sunspots. It rotates with a sidereal period of exactly 25.38 days, which corresponds to a mean synodic period of 27.2753 days.
Whenever the Carrington prime meridian (the line of 0° Carrington longitude) passes the Sun's central meridian as seen from Earth, a new Carrington rotation begins. These rotations are numbered sequentially, with Carrington rotation number 1 starting on 9 November 1853.
Heliocentric
Heliocentric coordinate systems measure spatial positions relative to an origin at the Sun's center. There are four systems in use: the heliocentric inertial (HCI) system, the heliocentric Aries ecliptic (HAE) system, the heliocentric Earth ecliptic (HEE) system, and the heliocentric Earth equatorial (HEEQ) system. They are summarized in the following table. The third axis not presented in the table completes a right-handed Cartesian triad.
| 3
| 0
|
75605124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential%20eligibility%20of%20Donald%20Trump
|
Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump
|
Also, in every presidential election from 1788 through 1828, multiple state legislatures selected their presidential electors by discretionary appointment rather than on the basis of a poll, while the South Carolina General Assembly did so in every presidential election through 1860, and the Florida Legislature and the Colorado General Assembly selected their presidential electors by discretionary appointment in 1868 and 1876 respectively. In practice, the Presidential Electors Clause bars all federal government employees from serving as presidential electors in addition to explicitly barring members of Congress. The Domestic Emoluments Clause of Article II, Section I requires that "The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation... during the Period for which he shall have been elected", and the current salary of the President and Vice President are $400,000 per year and $235,100 per year respectively. While the text of the House Officers Clause of Article I, Section II does not explicitly require the Speaker of the House to be a House member, all Speakers have been House members and the text of the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 assumes that the Speaker is a House member in requiring the Speaker's resignation upon succession to the Presidency due to the Ineligibility Clause of Article I, Section VI.
| 2.3125
| 0
|
75605634
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Brazil%3A%20An%20Ethnography%20of%20Brazilian%20Immigrants%20in%20New%20York%20City
|
Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Immigrants in New York City
|
Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Immigrants in New York City is a 1993 academic book by Maxine L. Margolis, published by Princeton University Press.
Contents
The initial part of the book describes the immigration process while the second is about acclimation to living in New York City.
The author uses the sidebar to hold research-generated anecdotes to allow the main body to concentrate on her main ideas.
Reception
Ann E. Biddlecom of Brown University stated it is "recommended reading" for the subject, although she wished some aspects about the lives of the subjects were better developed in the text.Biddlecom, p. 275. She stated that some concepts are repeated in multiple parts of the book.
Jeffrey Lesser of Connecticut College overall praises the book, while his critique of the repeating concepts is, according to him, a "small criticism".
William P. Norris of Oberlin College stated that the "broad" scope of the book was its "strength".
Editions
Little Brazil: Imigrantes Brasileiros em Nova York, Portuguese edition of Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Immigrants in New York City. Campinas, São Paulo: Papirus Editora (1994)
| 2
| 0
|
75605637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobble
|
Sobble
|
Sobble is a small lizard Pokémon able to camouflage itself when touching water. When it is nervous, embarrassed, or upset, it may cry, which can both cause it to become transparent and cause those around it to cry. Sobble has a "type," an elemental attribute that affects its strengths and weaknesses: Water. The design process involved a visual designer and a gameplay/feature planner cooperating to come up with ideas, with Sobble being created by one such team. The designers noted that the trio of starter Pokémon in Sword and Shield are more distinct than previous generations, and they intentionally made it more subdued to complement the "more energetic" Scorbunny and the "mood-maker" Grookey. The designers considered Sobble's meek personality as unusual for a starter Pokémon. They commented that Sobble would be good for players who are "kind and caring." Pokémon species designer James Turner expressed that he liked Sobble because it is "cute" and people "want to take care of [it]". Sword and Shield director Shigeru Ohmori described a culture in Japan where people find something cute because they feel sorry for it, and thus expected Sobble to be popular in Japan, with uncertainty about how it would be received elsewhere.
| 2.125
| 0
|
75605684
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Wan
|
Robert Wan
|
Robert Wan, also known as Wan Fui Yin (born 1934) is a French Polynesian pearl trader. Due to his importance to French Polynesia's pearl industry, he is known as the "emperor of pearls". He particularly invested in the Gambier Islands, to produce black pearls that garnered international attention. Over the years, he expanded his holdings, acquiring farms on islands such as Marutea Sud and Nengonengo.
Wan was born in Papeete. His father was a Hakka from Guangdong who emigrated to Tahiti. In July 1973 he purchased the Tahiti Pearls company with his brothers. Their first harvest was purchased by Mikimoto in 1977. In 1982 he purchased Anuanuraro, then Marutea Sud in 1984, Aukena in 1988, and Nengonengo in 1990. He became the richest man in French Polynesia, until a collapse in the pearl market in 1998.
In 2002 he sold Anuanuraro to the French Polynesian government. The sale sparked a criminal probe for misuse of public funds, and Wan and a number of leading politicians, including former president Gaston Flosse, were charged with corruption. Wan and Flosse were finally acquitted in July 2017.
| 2.09375
| 0
|
75605748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA%20Prize%20Competitions
|
DARPA Prize Competitions
|
DARPA Fast Adaptable Next-Generation Ground Vehicle (FANG) Challenge (2012-2013) was to use three competitions for the design of an infantry fighting vehicle, culminating in prototypes. In April 2013, DARPA awarded US$1 million to a three-man team during the first competition. DARPA decided not to proceed with the second and third competitions as originally planned and transitioned the technologies to the defense and commercial industry through the Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute (DMDII).
DARPA Spectrum Challenge (2013-2014) sought to demonstrate how a software-defined radio can use a given communication channel in the presence of other users and interfering signals. Three teams emerged as the overall winners, winning a total of $150,000 in prizes.
DARPA Chikungunya (CHIKV) Challenge (2014-2015) was a health-related effort to develop the most accurate predictions of CHIKV cases for all Western Hemisphere countries and territories between September 2014 and March 2015. On May 12, 2015, DARPA awarded $500,000 in prizes to the 11 winners of the competition during a scientific review
DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) (2013-2015) aimed to develop semi-autonomous ground robots that could do "complex tasks in dangerous, degraded, human-engineered environments." A South Korean team won the first prize of $2 million, and two U.S. teams won $1 million and $500,000 as second and third winners.
DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) (2014 - 2016) was to “create automatic defensive systems capable of reasoning about flaws, formulating patches and deploying them on a network in real time.” The top three winners were awarded prizes of $2 million, $1 million, and $750,000, respectively.
| 2.25
| 0
|
75605748
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA%20Prize%20Competitions
|
DARPA Prize Competitions
|
DARPA Artificial Intelligence Cyber Challenge (AIxCC) (2023–present) is a two-year challenge and asks competitors to design novel AI systems to secure critical software code on which Americans rely. The total prize money is $29.5 million. In March 2024, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) partnered with DARPA, contributing an additional $20 million to the competition's prize pool to address software vulnerabilities in medical devices, hospital IT, and biotech equipment. AIxCC collaborates with Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, Anthropic, Linux Foundation, Open Source Security Foundation, Black Hat USA, and DEF CON, all of which provide AIxCC with access to large language models. In August 2024, AIxCC held the semifinal at DEF CON in Las Vegas. DARPA and ARPA-H tested all 42 submissions by running them through various open-source coding projects with deliberately injected vulnerabilities and scored the tools based on their effectiveness in identifying and fixing security flaws. Seven teams, each winning $2 million in the semifinals, will compete in the final round of the AIxCC at next year's DEF CON conference.
| 2.0625
| 0
|
69689221
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Serpent%20Prince
|
The Serpent Prince
|
The Serpent Prince or The Snake Prince (Hungarian: Kégyókirályfi or Kígyókirályfi) is a Hungarian folk tale collected by Hungarian-American scholar Linda Dégh, featuring the marriage between a human maiden and a husband in serpent guise.
The tale is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband: a human maiden marries an animal that is a prince in disguise, breaks a taboo and loses him, and she has to seek him out. The story shares motifs with other tales of the region, like Serbian Again, The Snake Bridegroom, and Romanian Trandafiru and The Enchanted Pig: the heroine must search for her husband under a curse not to bear their child until he touches her again. According to Hungarian scholars, the snake appears as the form of the enchanted husband in most of the Hungarian variants.
Sources
Dégh collected the tale in the 1950s from Hungarian teller Zsuzsanna Pálkó (Józscfné Palkó), from Kaskadi.
Summary
Pálkó's narration begins thus: a king complains to his wife that she has not born him any child. The queen questions why God has not given her children, and asks for a snake son, so that they may finally have offspring. Just as she says it, a snake son appears. The king declares they must hide the animal from prying eyes, so that no one may know they have a snake son.
They hide the animal son in a room and he grows up there. Years later, when he has grown very large, he begins to whistle so loud it shakes the castle. His mother pays him a visit to question what is the reason for the whistling. He explains he has come of age and desires a mate, and suggests the princess of a neighbouring kingdom shall be the perfect candidate.
| 2.5
| 0
|
69689221
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Serpent%20Prince
|
The Serpent Prince
|
In a Hungarian tale collected by Hungarian historian Arnold Ipolyi with the title Kígyó Jancsi (Snake Johnny), a rich couple in a village is childless, and the woman makes a wish to have a son, even if he is a creeping snake. Thus, a snake is born to them. When he is fifteen years old, he climbs a tree and begins to whistle. His mother asks the reason for this, and he replies he wants to get marries, and chooses a neighbouring girl named Örzsikét. They marry and, during the wedding feast, the snake places his head on her lap, but the girl kicks him away. In retaliation, he bites her to death on the wedding night. Next, he marries Julis, the daughter of a judge. She also rebuffs him during the wedding feast and dies for her actions. The third time, the snake son asks his parents to find him the most beautiful girl in the village. They bring him a girl named Mariska, who treats him with kindness and allows him to place his head on her lap. After seven months, the snake's mother asks Mariska how she can live with a snake for a husband, but Mariska tells her that he is human underneath the snakeskin, although he wears it again in the morning. Thus, his mother suggests she steals the snakeskin and give it to her, so his mother can burn it in an oven. Their plan is carried out in the same night. The next morning, the now human snake son tries to find his snakeskin, and admonishes his wife for doing it; he pricks his hand on a pin, so that three drops of blood fall on his shirt, then embraces Mariska and places three iron rings around her body, cursing that she will only be released after he kisses her again, then vanishes. Mariska then begins a quest for him: she passes by the house of the Sun and his mother (where she gains a golden distaff) and the house of the Moon and his mother (where she gains a golden spindle and a golden rod). Lastly, she reaches the house of the mother of the Wind, and learns her husband is to be married to another princess
| 2.484375
| 0
|
69689221
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Serpent%20Prince
|
The Serpent Prince
|
The Snake Child
In a tale from , Romania, collected by Olga Nagy and József Faragó with the title A kígyófiú ("The Snake Child"), an old man finds a snake and adopts it as his son. One day, the snake announces it wants to marry the princess. The old woman talks to he king, who agrees to their marriage, if the snake child fulfills some tasks: first, to build a palace overnight; second, to fill the king's castle with silver. After fulfilling the tasks, the snake marries the princess, and reveals to her his true identity: the son of the Green King. She betrays his secret and he disappears, so she begins a quest for him. The princess passes by the Sun, the Moon and the King of the Birds, and gains a gift from each. The King of the Birds also asks his subjects, the birds, for the location of the Green King's son (the princess's husband), and they do not know, save for a little woodpecker, who says it has just flown from there. The King of the Bird then orders the woodpecker to fly back and carry the princess there. The woodpecker refuses, since it was almost shot in his lands, so the King of the Birds turns the bird into a horse, and gives the princess a final piece of advice before she departs: once she arrives at her destination, she is to take out the gifts she received, and let fate do the rest. The princess follows his words, and reaches the location of the Green King, then sits on a hill by the palace.
| 2.5
| 0
|
69689575
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastov%20massacre
|
Fastov massacre
|
The Fastov massacre was a pogrom against the Jewish population of the Ukrainian city of Fastov (now Fastiv) in September 1919 by units of the White Army.
Events
The massacre took place from September 23-26 as White troops from the Volunteer Army, primarily Terek Cossacks, entered the town under the lead of the Colonel V.F. Belogortsev went door to door, killing Jews. Historians Oleg Budnitskii wrote that Cossacks would ask Jews for money and tortured those who could not provide. The dismembered bodies of Jews "were given to the dogs and swine." Witnesses reported that the majority of victims were killed as they were lined up against the synagogue's walls, and the killers engaged in heavy looting of Jewish properties and the mass rape of women and girls.
Soldiers regularly mistreated Jewish civilians for fun, including one case where a boy was forced to hang his own father, and in other scenarios forced escapees to walk back into their burning homes. Over 200 Jewish homes were destroyed and many Jewish shops and community institutions were also targeted.
Lithuanian-American Jewish anarchist Emma Goldman recalled that when she arrived at the town the locals told her of "fearful pogroms... the most terrible of them by Denikin... 4,000 persons were killed while several thousand died as a result of the wounds and shock. Seven thousand perished from hunger and exposure on the road to Kiev... The greater part of the city had been destroyed or burned; many of the older Jews were trapped in the synagogue and there murdered, while others had been driven to the public square where they were slaughtered."
English journalist Anna Reid estimated that 1,500 Jews died in the massacre, while Nicolas Werth gives a broader range of 1,000-1,500. Budnitskii narrows the death toll down to 1,300-1,500 out of a population of 10,000 Jews.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
69690035
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineteca%20Italiana
|
Cineteca Italiana
|
Cineteca Italiana is a private film archive located in Milan, Italy, established in 1947, and as a foundation in 1996.
History
Established in 1947, and as a foundation in 1996, the Cineteca Italiana houses over 20,000 films and more than 100,000 photographs from the history of Italian and international cinema.
Particularly important is the nitrate film section; the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) has defined the Cineteca Italiana as one of the most important silent film archives in Europe. The Cineteca is active in the restoration of films, which are presented in the main international cinema events and in the screening rooms of the Cineteca.
The Cineteca manages the museum, opened in 1985 at Dugnani Palace, dedicated to the cinema of the origins, transferred and enlarged in 2012 together with the Cineteca offices in the former Tobacco Factory in viale Fulvio Testi 121 in collaboration with the Lombardy Region. In the same building there are the Civic School of Cinema "Luchino Visconti" and the Lombard branch of the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia.
Among the other assets of the Cineteca is a large collection of original screenplays and a corpus of 15,000 silent and sound cinema posters. Since 1997, the Cineteca has curated an editorial series dedicated to the history of cinema, the Quaderni Fondazione Cineteca Italiana.
| 2.40625
| 0
|
69690161
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinola
|
Leinola
|
Leinola is a district in the eastern part of Tampere, Finland. The neighboring parts of the city are Linnainmaa and Holvasti. Leinola School is located in the Leinola district. The area is served by bus lines 1, 8 and 38 of the Tampere City Transport. The southern boundary of the district is the Tampere–Haapamäki railway. There is also a statue of Marshal Mannerheim in Leinola.
Leinola was mentioned in the 1540 land register as a village belonging to the parish of Messukylä, with five houses. The owner of three of these houses had the same nickname Leinoij in the 1553 land register. Messukylä was annexed to the city of Tampere in 1947, and the first town plan for the Leinola area was confirmed in 1952.
The area's street names includes both Kalevala-themed and canine-themed nomenclatures, the latter based on the old place called Koiramäki ("dog hill"). Instead, the street names Lukinkatu, Mikkolankatu and Vestonkatu refer to old main buildings of the historical village. The name of Karjumäenkatu is based on Karjumäki ("boar hill"), located north of the street, which was once used as a pig pasture. The Pulkkisenkatu and Pulkkisenraitti are both named after Pulkkisenmäki, and the Pulkkinen's smokehouse is remembered as the last in the area.
| 2.109375
| 0
|
69690263
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Ransom%20Plummer
|
James Ransom Plummer
|
James Ransom Plummer (March 9, 1797 – February 24, 1858) was the mayor of Columbia, Tennessee, in 1832, 1833, 1834, 1836, and 1838. He was an active Methodist. He was also in Nashville, one of the presiding elders of Davidson County in 1844.
Early life and relatives
James Ransom Plummer was born on March 9, 1797, in Warren County, North Carolina to William Plummer and Elizabeth Jones Ransom. He was therefore a nephew of North Carolina statesman Nathaniel Macon and also a nephew of Macon's wife Hannah Plummer. William and Hannah's brother was the lawyer Kemp Plummer, the grandfather of future University of North Carolina president Kemp Plummer Battle.
J. R. Plummer's grandfather was Macon's stepfather and Regulator James Ransom. Plummer is a relative of Confederate generals Matt Whitaker Ransom and Robert Ransom.
Children
He sired 16 children between two wives, Elizabeth Eleanor Longley (died in 1845) and Elizabeth Gannaway Love. Longley was born in Abingdon, Virginia. Future Nashville lumberman Hamilton Love was his grandson.
His first two sons William and James were Methodist ministers - and his first daughter married a Methodist minister. His sons Rufus and Henry served in the Mexican War, Rufus being a casualty of the war. Henry then tried his hand at the California Gold Rush. His sons Carvossa, Philip, and George served for the Confederacy. Carvossa was wounded at the Battle of Fort Donelson. George rode with Forrest. A son by his second wife, Albert Love Plummer, was a professor of Greek.
Death
He died of consumption on February 24, 1858. Plummer is buried in Nashville City Cemetery, near his countryman in Columbia Felix Zollicoffer.
| 1.945313
| 0
|
69690547
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabant%20Corps%20of%20Charles%20XII
|
Drabant Corps of Charles XII
|
The Drabants took part in the Landing at Humlebæk against Denmark in 1700, but did not see action. They were sent to Swedish Livonia and Estonia later the same year along with the main army, and won a decisive victory at Narva over the Russians. They took part in the Crossing of the Düna and were instrumental to the Swedish success in the battle over the Saxons. The victory was followed by the Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the successful Battle of Kliszów in 1702, where the Drabants fought in the cavalry engagement on the right flank. The Drabants, along with the king's army, then dealt two blows to Augustus II's cavalry and infantry in the engagements at Pułtusk and Thorn, respectively. In 1704, the corps took part in the Storming of Lemberg and, as the Saxons were chased out of Poland, the annihilation of a Russian force at Tillendorf. After quartering at Rawicz, the Drabants skirmished near Grodno in 1706, as Charles XII was starving the Russians out. They followed their king during the invasion of Saxony, where Augustus was defeated.
| 2.625
| 0
|
69690547
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabant%20Corps%20of%20Charles%20XII
|
Drabant Corps of Charles XII
|
Personnel
While the nobility of Sweden and Livonia was strongly represented in the corps, it did not dominate it. From the time when Charles XII seized the command in 1700 until his death in 1718, about 380 men served as Drabants, all coming from different positions and ranks; 150 came from the earlier Drabant-company, of whom 53 were retired already in September 1700 as previously noted. Apart from these, 64 ryttmästare and captains, 14 captain lieutenants or quartermasters, 92 lieutenants, 17-second lieutenants or cornetts, and 19 NCOs or privates are known to have been recruited.
Almost every Swedish regiment had to release their bravest and most capable soldiers: 19 came from the Life Guards of Foot; 12 from the Life Regiment of horse; 12 came from the Uppland Regiment; 5 came from the Swedish Navy; between one and seven came from the remaining regiments (from within the borders of present-day Sweden). 21 men came from Finland, 40 from Swedish Estonia, Swedish Ingria, Swedish Livonia or Swedish Pomerania, while 12 came from foreign service. They were largely recruited from within the borders of the Swedish Empire. Charles XII enforced strict discipline, such that the harmony in the corps was not always perfect. Several Drabants died or were dismissed for dueling, or participating in a duel. Others were punished for serious quarrels, even during service. In 1703, two Drabants were court-martialed and sentenced to death for having "engaged in a brawl and exposed their swords during the picket guard" (they were, however, subsequently pardoned to life by the king).
Tactics
| 2.828125
| 0
|
69690547
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabant%20Corps%20of%20Charles%20XII
|
Drabant Corps of Charles XII
|
On 11 October, the 147 Drabants set off from Karlshamn towards Pärnu together with the king's army, to relieve the Swedish town of Narva which was besieged by the Russians under Peter I. On their way, a Russian detachment under Boris Sheremetev was defeated at Pühhajoggi Pass. The Drabants received their baptism of fire in the ensuing Battle of Narva, on 30 November. Following the battle, the corps marched towards Laiuse, where they arrived four days later and established winter encampment with the main army. Although strictly forbidden, duels frequently occurred between the Drabants during this time, leading to five dismissals. Dueling within the corps was a continuing problem during the war years, and would contribute to losses of about 6% of the total strength (compared to 17% who were killed in action or die from their wounds).
The corps did not remain idle between major battles, however, as they frequently accompanied the king in his many ventures. Next, the Drabants followed the main army in the march towards Riga, which had earlier been besieged by the Saxon army; the two armies met at the banks of the Düna on 19 July 1701, where the Drabants significantly contributed to the victory. Charles XII subsequently occupied Courland and, on 12 December, unexpectedly left his headquarters at Virga to drive the Lithuanians out of Samogitia. Concerned by these developments, Arvid Horn was sent with 480 cavalries, including 40 Drabants, to find him; they reached the king near Kėdainiai followed by a company of eight, after which they escorted him back to Virga. On his arrival there on 9 January 1702, Charles XII ordered the army to proceed further into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, against Warsaw, capturing the city on 25 May after arriving with the Drabants.
Narva
| 2.765625
| 0
|
69690547
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabant%20Corps%20of%20Charles%20XII
|
Drabant Corps of Charles XII
|
At this time, with the first attack beaten back, Adam Heinrich von Steinau arrived with reinforcements, took command and prepared for another attack. The outnumbered Swedes had their left flank anchored to the river, so von Steinau instead sent all his cavalry to their unsupported right, where the Drabants stood. The Saxon squadrons were charged and then chased away by the Drabants. Because of the disparity in numbers, additional Saxon squadrons were able to turn against the Swedish flanks, causing disorder among the ranks—the Drabants canceled their pursuit, turned around, and decisively fell into their rear, allowing the Swedish army to beat back even this attack. At this time, as the Drabants received needed reinforcements from the Life Regiment of Horse, a final attack was launched against their flank but was likewise repulsed, after which the Saxons retreated. The Swedes were unable to pursue the Saxons to any larger extent since the floating bridge, meant to transfer over the bulk of cavalry, had not been completed. Instrumental to the Swedish victory, the Drabants suffered only two men killed and 19 wounded (one mortally), among them the captain lieutenant. The Swedes sustained a loss of 100 killed and 400 wounded in total, against 2,000 killed, wounded and captured of the enemy.
Polish and Saxon campaigns
| 2.546875
| 0
|
69690547
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drabant%20Corps%20of%20Charles%20XII
|
Drabant Corps of Charles XII
|
During the first half of 1702, in the Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth, the Drabants participated in many ceremonies in which the king received Polish and Lithuanian magnates. The corps later fought valiantly against the Saxons under Augustus II at the Battle of Kliszów, on 19 July, which led to the capture of Kraków. Here, Charles broke his leg as his horse fell during a demonstration of horsemanship by Stenbock's newly raised squadron of Wallachian-style cavalry. The Drabants brought the king inside the town, where they quartered for some time. Following his recovery, they fought in the cavalry engagement at Pułtusk in 1703, where the Saxons lost more than 1,200 horsemen to 20 Swedes. Afterwards, they marched in the vanguard, which drove the Saxon outposts back into Toruń; the town was taken on 14 October, following a siege that cost the Saxons near 6,000 killed and captured—to only 40 killed Swedish casualties. The Drabants camped near Charles XII as per usual, and had to endure some enemy artillery fire. On 17 May 1704 in Lidzbark, stable master Axel Hård died from his wounds after he was accidentally shot by Charles XII during a Drabant-exercise, two days earlier.
| 2.71875
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.