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77236658
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonghwachun
|
Gonghwachun
|
Gonghwachun () was a historic restaurant specializing in Korean Chinese cuisine in Incheon Chinatown, South Korea. It first opened some time between 1905 and 1908, and is considered the first restaurant to serve the dish jajangmyeon in Korea. It closed in 1983. Its original building was made a Registered Cultural Heritage of South Korea in 2006. In 2012, a Jajangmyeon Museum was established in the building.
There is a modern South Korean restaurant franchise under the same name that was created in 2004, that claims descendency from the original. Its authenticity is disputed by descendents of the founders of the original restaurant. Some descendants of the founders operate a nearby restaurant called Sinseung Banjeom.
History
Chinese settlers arrived in Incheon following Chinese soldiers sent to quell the 1882 Imo Incident.
The restaurant's precise founding date is uncertain. It was founded in either 1905, 1907, or 1908 by Yu Xiguang (; ; 1886–1949), a Chinese person who came to Incheon from Shandong, China. The restaurant was originally founded under the name Shāndōng Huìguǎn (; ). It served as both a restaurant and inn for primarily Chinese customers. In either either 1912 or 1913, in honor of the establishment of the Republic of China, the restaurant changed its name to Gonghwachun (). During the 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period in Korea, the restaurant became seen as a premiere destination for Chinese food in Korea.
The Chinese dish zhajiangmian, which was popular in Shandong, was served in the restaurant. The zhajiangmian served in the restaurant was originally a brown color. At some point, caramel was added to the tianmian sauce (chunjang in Korean), which made it a black color.
| 2.0625
| 0
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77237588
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Christian%20Hundeshagen
|
Johann Christian Hundeshagen
|
Johann Christian Hundeshagen (August 10, 1783 – February 10, 1834) was a German forester who is considered as a pioneer of scientific forestry. Along with Georg Ludwig Hartig and Heinrich Cotta, he has been considered a founding figure in German forestry. He introduced a speculative and deductive approach that included the application of statistics and measurement. He produced a three-part encyclopedia of forestry science.
Hundeshagen was born in Hanau to Hesse-Cassel Privy Councillor Johann Balthasar. He studied locally before going to forestry schools in Waldau and Dillenberg. He apprenticed to forester Koch in Sterbfritz (near Schlüchtern). He studied cameral sciences and natural sciences at the University of Heidelberg from 1804 to 1806 and went into forestry service. He worked in Hesse and in 1821 he became a professor of forestry at the University of Tübingen but gave up the position and moved to Fulda as director of the forestry school. He moved to Giessen as a professor in 1824 and became the director of the forestry school the next year. He however left the school in 1831 and he became ill in 1833 and died from liver cirrhosis the next year.
Hundeshagen developed a land rent theory for forestry, treating forests as capital and applying interest rates to them.
| 2.421875
| 0
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77237733
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lueders%20Park%20Piru
|
Lueders Park Piru
|
The Lueders Park Piru (also known as the Lueders Park Piru Bloods) are a "set" of the Piru gang alliance, which itself is part of the larger Bloods alliance. The Lueders Park Piru has its origins in the Lueders Park Hustlers, an independent street gang which was instrumental in the formation of the Bloods gang alliance in 1972.
History
Formation of the Bloods
In 1972, several independent street gangs in Los Angeles formed an alliance known as the Bloods to counter the growing influence of the Crips. One of these independent street gangs which were instrumental in the formation of the Bloods alliance were the Lueders Park Hustlers, which would later become known as the Lueders Park Piru.
The gang got its name from Lueders Park, Compton, where the gang members would gather to use drugs, play basketball, and plan robberies.
Rivalry with Kelly Park Compton Crips
On December 27, 1985, 15-year-old Charles "Beeb" Stevens was shot dead in a drive-by shooting while standing in the territory of the Kelly Park Compton Crips. The Kelly Park Compton Crips held the Lueders Park Piru responsible for the death of Stevens, and in retaliation, killed 30-year-old Don Turner, who was a former member of the Lueders Park Piru.
Death Row Records
Suge Knight, who was the CEO of Death Row Records, was affiliated with the Mob Piru Bloods and hired gang members from several Bloods sets, including Lueders Park Piru.
Following the shooting of Death Row Records artist Tupac Shakur on September 7, 1996, a gang war broke out in Compton between the Mob Piru Bloods, and the South Side Compton Crips, who were responsible for Shakur's shooting. During this gang war, the Lueders Park Piru sided with the Mob Piru. As a result, George Mack, who was a member of the Lueders Park Piru, was shot and wounded on September 10, 1997.
| 2.078125
| 0
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75605901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acontias%20mukwando
|
Acontias mukwando
|
Acontias mukwando, the Serra da Neve lance-skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. It is only known to exist in Serra da Neve in the Angolan Namibe province. The species was first documented by Mariana P. Marques, Diogo Parrinha, Arthur Tiutenko, Manuel Lopes-Lima, Aaron M. Bauer & Luis M. P. Ceríaco in 2023.
Description
Acontias mukwando is a medium-sized member of the genus Acontias measuring a length of 172.2 mm (6.77 in). The species lacks limbs or ear openings and is distinguished for other member of Acontias by its exposed eyes and 3 chin shields. It has pink body pigmentation with dark dorsal pigmentation and a dark brown band that runs the mid-dorsal region. Its midbody scale row numbers between 15 and 18 scales with 172-178 ventral scales.
Habitat
Acontias mukwando inhabits the Serra da Neve inselberg in Namibe province, southwestern Angola. It is known to forage in the leaf litter of the Miombo forest which dominates the Serra da Neve inselberg area.
Etymology
Acontias mukwando is named for the noun "mukwando" in honor of the Catchi villagers of Serra da Neve inselberg, who provided assistance to the team that first documented it.
| 2.171875
| 0
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75606043
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Wallow%20Group
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Buffalo Wallow Group
|
The Buffalo Wallow Group is a geologic group found in Indiana and Kentucky. It is equivalent to the Upper Pope Group as the two share some formations. However many of the formations in the Upper Pope pinch out and are not present in the Buffalo Wallow. The Buffalo Wallow is defined as the formations between the top of the Glen Dean Limestone up to the disconformity where it meets the Mansfield Limestone.
Description
The Buffalo Wallow Group is made up of approximately 70% Shale including fissile shales, claystones, and siltstones. The remaining lithology is made up of mostly sandstone and limestone.
Stratigraphy
The Buffalo Wallow Group contains mostly shale. It is bound on its top and base by limestone formations. The top is marked by an erosional disconformity
Tobinsport Formation
A formation in Illinois containing 4 members that are linked to other formations in the Upper Pope Group. The Negli Creek Limestone of the Kinkaid formation to the west. Mt. Pleasant Sandstone, Bristow Sandstone, and Siberia Limestone. The Siberia is a thin tongue of the Menard formation.
Branchville Formation
The Branchville Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana. It has two limestone members, the Leopold Member and the Vienna Member.
Tar Springs Formation
This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick. The Tar Springs consists of interbedded sandstone and shale, creating closed reservoirs within the sand. For this reason it is the largest oil producing formation in Illinois. Estimated to have accounted for more than 60% of the oil production in the state.
| 1.96875
| 0
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75606067
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jir%C3%B3n%20Apur%C3%ADmac
|
Jirón Apurímac
|
Jirón Apurímac is a street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with Abancay Avenue, behind the Javier Alzamora Valdez Building, and continues until it reaches Jirón Carabaya.
History
The road that today constitutes the street was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Apurímac, after the department of Apurímac. Prior to this renaming, each block (cuadra) had a unique name:
Block 1: San Cristóbal, after a church of the same name that was destroyed in the earthquake of 1746. It is currently the Portal Pumacahua, also known as the Portal San Martín and is no longer part of the street but part of San Martín Square.
Block 2: Cueva, after Alfonso de la Cueva y Ponce de León, who lived there.
Block 3: Corazón de Jesús, after the church of the same name, the first church built with that dedication.
Block 4: Chacarilla, where the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe was originally founded.
The street, in its intersection with the Jirón Azángaro, is the location of the Iglesia de los Huérfanos.
| 2.125
| 0
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75606435
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundhn%C3%BAkur
|
Sundhnúkur
|
Sundhnúkur () is a volcanic hill, within its associated Sundhnúksgígar crater row and volcanic fissures ( ) in the Svartsengi volcanic system, part of the Reykjanes Peninsula rift zone of Iceland. It is the location of the 2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions.
Geology
The region has basalt lava shields with the larger ones being tholeiitic and smaller ones being picritic or tholeiitic. The hills are hyaloclastite table mountains or ridges and pillow lava mounds. The previous lava eruption from the Sundhnúkur crater row has been dated at , and was of basaltic aā type. The lava field that erupted prior to 2023 extends north-east from Grindavík in the south with the fissures and Sundhnúksgígar crater row extending at strike of 35°. This takes the fissure system past the older mountains of Hagafell to its east and Svartsengisfell to its west. The crater row is usually now classified as part of the Eldvörp–Svartsengi or Svartsengi volcanic system which is part of the Reykjanes volcanic belt. There are previous classifications that included the volcano in the Reykjanes volcanic system and what was termed the Grindavik volcanic fissure system.
18 December 2023 eruption
On the evening of 18 December 2023, a volcanic eruption occurred at Sundhnúksgígaröð north of Grindavík, with images showing lava spewing from fissures in the ground. The intensity of the eruption and accompanying seismic activity which preceded it decreased early on 19 December, with lava seen spreading laterally from both sides of the newly opened fissures.
| 2.359375
| 0
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75606630
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Invisible%20Minority%3A%20Brazilians%20in%20New%20York%20City
|
An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City
|
An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City is a 1998 non-fiction book by Maxine L. Margolis, published by Allyn and Bacon as a part of the "New Immigration Series". A 2009 second edition was published by University Press of Florida.
The title refers to the ethnic Brazilian community of New York City, although as of the book's publication, the ethnic group had not organized an actual ethnic neighborhood for themselves.
Background
The author had traveled to Brazil and collected data from people there, as well as from Brazilians who lived in New York City. Other sources used by the author include government documents and anthropological documents.
Contents
The 2009 edition has six chapters. It includes additional research information contained from New York City and from elsewhere, and section on the effects of the September 11 attacks on obtaining a visa.
Reception
Niyi Afolabi of the University of Texas at Austin called the 2009 book edition "cogent".
Robert Elliot Barkan of California State University San Bernardino described the original edition as "one of the more satisfying theoretically-based works."
| 2.03125
| 0
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75606650
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seichi%20junrei
|
Seichi junrei
|
In 2018, a "Birthplace of Seichi Junrei" monument was erected by volunteers and unveiled on July 28 near Tagiri Station, a spot associated with the OVA version of Kyūkyoku Chōjin R.
In 2019, Japan's first Anime Tourism Summit was held in Kitakyushu by the Anime Tourism Association.
Essays
Artist and critic Yohei Kurose describes the method of using real-life scenery for anime production: "When this method is used, the scenery of real space is directly inserted into the fictional space of the animation, creating a discrepancy, but such awkwardness is what gives reality to the work." Kurose uses the concept of "formulae of emotions" proposed by art historian Aby Warburg.
The literary critic Ryota Fukushima notes that a place can be turned into a seichi site simply by adding a story to the original place, and argues that seichi junrei is a form of pseudo-historical imagination that gives some imaginary origin of pseudo-history to the real "present" of authentic history.
Critic Yuichi Murakami argued that seichi exist "between reality and fiction", and that they become "landscapes" when projected onto fiction, and junrei when projected onto reality. In this way, the concept of seichi junrei, which was originally associated with place, can be generalized to a wider range of practices and objects. For example, the case of fans replicating the choreography featured in the ending theme of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumia, or the case of K-On! triggering some fans to purchase guitars featured in the series.
Tourism and religion scholar Ryōske Okamoto relates Lucky Star's Washinomiya Shrine and AnoHana's Chichibu Shrine to the power spots of Japanese new spirituality.
Regional impact
Merits
When a famous work is set in a place or the author's hometown, it becomes a valuable tourist resource, as many people visit to experience the thoughts and feelings of the characters.
| 1.953125
| 0
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75607206
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Centre%20Australia
|
Space Centre Australia
|
Space Centre Australia (SCA) is a spaceport complex slated for development across two locations on the Cape York Peninsula. Small-scale launch missions are expected to use the facility by the end of 2026, with larger operations beginning 2029. Once complete, its position in Far North Queensland may provide launch access closer to the equator than any other in the Asia Pacific region.
Location
The north of Cape York Peninsula has been recognised as optimal for rocket launch into space. It was first canvassed for aerospace launches by the Government of Queensland in the 1980s. The peninsula is close to the equator, stretching from 16th parallel south to 10th parallel south. A rocket launched here can take optimum advantage of earth's rotational speed, as it will already be moving at a speed of nearly 1650 km per hour relative to Earth's core. This makes launching a payload less expensive for space agencies. Like all of Australia's far north, the region is sparsely populated, with stable weather patterns, which some analysts regard as "ideal for establishing a sovereign launch capability." The planned locations are:
Weipa, 43 kilometres east of the town of Weipa, close to RAAF Scherger.
Utingu, on 88 hectares in Punsand Bay, in an area known as Utingua in Bamaga, 30 kilometres north of New Mapoon.
Planning and approvals
SCA aims to be Australia's first large-scale, multi-use spaceport; providing North to Easterly Low Earth orbit (LEO), Northern Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) access to space. The project contains four principal development locations:
Cairns, Queensland Headquarters.
SCA Primary Launch Facility (PLF) located near Weipa, North Queensland.
Northern Tracking and Surveillance Site near Bamaga, North Queensland known as Utingu.
Eastern Tracking and Surveillance Site Near Lockhart River, North Queensland.
| 2.390625
| 0
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75607246
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging%20of%20Canada
|
Aging of Canada
|
Aging in Canada has emerged as a focal point of public discourse in recent years. This demographic trend has implications for Canada's culture, healthcare system, economy, and government policies.
Demographics
Canada's demographic landscape has undergone a profound transformation in recent decades, marked by a notable shift in age distribution. The proportion of seniors, defined as individuals aged 65 and over, has surpassed that of children under 15, signaling a significant demographic shift. This trend is driven by several factors, including increased life expectancy, declining birth rates, and the demographic impact of the baby boomer generation. As the Canadian population ages, understanding the dynamics of this demographic shift becomes essential for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and society at large.
Healthcare
Aging is often accompanied by an increased prevalence of chronic health conditions and a greater demand for healthcare services. Conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders become more prevalent in older age groups, necessitating a comprehensive and adaptable healthcare system. The evolving health needs of seniors pose challenges to the Canadian healthcare system, emphasizing the importance of adapting policies and practices to ensure the provision of high-quality, accessible, and sustainable healthcare for an aging population.
The demand for long-term care and home healthcare services rises as seniors face complex health challenges. Addressing the specific healthcare needs of older adults requires a multi-faceted approach, encompassing preventative measures, specialized care, and innovative solutions to enhance the overall well-being of seniors. As healthcare providers navigate the evolving landscape of an aging population, the emphasis on geriatric care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and patient-centered approaches becomes paramount.
| 2.78125
| 0
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75607398
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanine%20Paris
|
Nanine Paris
|
Nanine Paris Chevé (25 May 1800 – 28 June 1868) was a French music theorist and author. Along with her husband Émile-Joseph-Maurice Chevé and brother Aimé Paris, she developed a music notation system known as Galin-Paris-Chevé system, which also called as Time-Names System.
Biography
Born as Nanine Elisabeth on 25 May 1800 in Quimper, France, Nanine Paris was the daughter of Amant Paris and Corentine Charlotte Vacherot. She showed interest on the musical ideas of Pierre Galin. She worked on the practical aspects of the musical ideas of Pierre Galin. With the help of her brother Aimé Paris, she put the musical theories of Pierre Galin into more practical through teaching the rhythm notation with use of time-value system.
In 1839, she married French music theorist and music teacher Émile-Joseph-Maurice Chevé who was the student of Aimé Paris.
A musical notation system, known as Galin-Paris-Chevé method, was jointly developed by her along with her husband and brother. In collaboration with her husband, she later published two important musical works, Elementary Method of Vocal Music (1844) and Elementary Method of Harmony in two parts (1845 and 1846).
She died on 28 June 1868 in Bois-Colombes, Paris.
| 2.25
| 0
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75607854
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra%20women%27s%20national%20volleyball%20team
|
Andorra women's national volleyball team
|
The Andorra women's national volleyball team ( Catalan : Selecció femenina de voleibol d'Andorra ) represents Andorra in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches, The team ruled and managed by the Andorra Volleyball Federation ( Catalan : Federació Andorrana de Voleibol ) that is a part of the Federation of International Volleyball (FIVB) as well as the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV), The Andorra Team also follow the Small Countries Association (SCA).
Team history
The Andorran Volleyball Federation has been a member of the FIVB and the CEV since 1987.
The only official tournament in which the Andorran women's volleyball team participated was the Second European Small States Games held in May 1989 in Cyprus. Four national teams have participated in this tournament, the Andorran team lost all three of their matches to the national teams of Cyprus, Luxembourg and San Marino and closed the final table of the competition in last place. The Andorran national team since has not been formed again for over 30 years and have to wait until 2021 when the team again resume its activities. Andorra is one of the three member countries of the European Volleyball Confederation, where the national championship is not held (besides Monaco and Liechtenstein), and the only Andorran team ("Vall D'Andorra") plays in the championship of Catalonia.
| 1.9375
| 0
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75608153
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puja%20Kolluru
|
Puja Kolluru
|
Puja Kolluru is a filmmaker from the Telugu film industry. She has garnered attention for her directorial debut, Martin Luther King a 2023 Indian Telugu-language political satire film, a remake of Mandela.
Early life
Puja grew up in Vijayawada and after Class X, wanted to become a physicist. She enrolled in an International Baccalaureate programme at UWC Mahindra College. Along with physics she studied films as well for 2 years, before pursuing her passion for filmmaking by earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, majoring in Film with a specialization in Screenwriting and Directing, from Ringling College of Art and Design in Florida, USA.
Career
Puja Kolluru's directorial journey began with her thesis film, Reflection, which earned her accolades, winning both Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Ringling film festival.
She shot her first feature documentary, A Woman Who Climbs Trees, centered around the life of Dr. Meg Lowman, a renowned National Geographic Scientist in the Amazon rainforests in Peru as a one-woman production team. The documentary received the Special Jury Award at the Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival in 2020. The documentary was also officially selected at the Sarasota Film Festival, USA.
Puja is actively involved in the academics, mentoring and teaching as a guest faculty in screenwriting and production at Annapurna College of Film and Media. She is also a co-founder of Write Right Club, contributing to the literary and creative landscape. Moreover, Puja has served as a visiting professor at Annapurna College of Film and Media and as a documentary filmmaker at TREE Foundation.
In addition to her work as a director, Kolluru worked on the Telugu remake of the Tamil film Mandela (2021), titled Martin Luther King (2023). The film was later released on SonyLIV on November 29, 2023.
Filmography
| 2.234375
| 0
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75608287
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krystyna%20%C5%BBywulska
|
Krystyna Żywulska
|
After returning to Warsaw, she married her childhood friend Leon Andrzejewski (1910–1978), a functionary of the communist security apparatus, and had two children with him. She joined the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) and was a member of its executive branch at the Main Board of the Union of Polish Writers in 1950.
In the late 1950s, she met Thomas Harlan in Warsaw, whose father, Veit Harlan, directed propaganda films during the National Socialist era. Thomas Harlan was involved in tracking down Nazi crimes of people who were now important figures in the Federal Republic of Germany. She helped him with research whose publication was unwelcome in the Federal Republic of Germany, but which eventually helped trigger the German trials of several former Nazis in the 1960s. When Harlan and Żywulska began to uncover analogous careers of former Nazis in the German Democratic Republic, the commissioners of the book in which their research was to be published stopped the project.
In 1963 Żywulska wrote her next book, Empty Water, about the Warsaw Ghetto experience. When an anti-Semitic campaign developed in Poland after March 1968, Żywulska, who only revealed her Jewish background in Empty Water, was ostracized and her sons were forced to leave the country. She followed them first to Munich and then to Düsseldorf, where she settled permanently. There she translated both of her autobiographical books into German. Toward the end of her life she took up painting pictures. She died of leukemia. She is buried in Düsseldorf.
| 2.09375
| 0
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75608343
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaeadr%20y%20Cwm
|
Rhaeadr y Cwm
|
The Rhaeadr y Cwm is a waterfall on the Afon Cynfal river in Gwynedd, North Wales. The falls are located near the B4391 road, some east of Ffestiniog.
Description
Rhaeadr y Cwm is located at on the Afon Cynfal river, a watercourse that drains Migneint (to the east), an area of upland covering over . The river drops about as it flows through the gorge which separates the upland from the lowland course of the river. The waterfall's run covers a cascade of six steps through a narrow gorge.
The waterfall can be viewed from a lay-by on the adjacent B4391 road () between the A470 and A4212 roads. Due to the nature of heavy rainfall on the long falls over a steep drop, it has been described as "..one of the most spectacular waterfalls in Britain."
There is a proposal to build a weir above the waterfall and pipe some of the water away from a hydrolectric scheme. Those backing the scheme state that it will generate enough electricity to power 700 homes. Opponents say that up to 70% of the water will be diverted away from the falls, which will change the overall look of the waterfall. There are also concerns that the moisture-loving mosses and liverworts that line the gorge's sides will be affected by the water diversion.
Rhaeadr means waterfall in Welsh, and cwm means mountain hollow.
| 2.171875
| 0
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75608730
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20Flow%20Experiment
|
Heat Flow Experiment
|
The Heat Flow Experiment was a United States NASA lunar science experiment that aimed to measure the rate of heat loss from the surface of the Moon. Four experiments were carried out on board Apollo missions. Two experiments were successfully deployed as part of Apollo 15 and Apollo 17. The instrument on Apollo 16 was deployed but the cable from it to the ALSEP central station was broken and the experiment was rendered inoperable. A heat flow experiment was carried onboard Apollo 13 but the mission was aborted in-flight and the instrument never reached the surface.
Background
Establishing some of the thermal properties of the Moon's surface was already feasible by the time of the Apollo missions. Measuring infrared emissions via telescope and the measuring of microwave emission spectra from the Moon was already possible from the surface of the Earth. These techniques had already established some of the characteristics of the Moon's surface including temperature, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The degree to which these properties were limited by the low levels of IR emission, long wavelengths limiting data resolution, and how the Moon's thermal properties vary with depth.
No one person can be attributed with the proposal to measure heat flow from the Moon given the large number of proposals NASA sought from academia, industry and science groups at NASA itself. Several of these proposed such an experiment. The result though was that a small committee was formed to explore how thermal measurements of the Moon could be taken. The committee decided that the focus of any thermal experiment should be focused on heat flow from the Moon's interior.
| 2.9375
| 0
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75608980
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi%20Ben-Zvi
|
Zvi Ben-Zvi
|
Zvi Ben-Zvi (, 1927–- 12 October 1988) was an Israeli Paralympic competitor in para-athletics and wheelchair basketball.
Biography
Ben-Zvi was wounded during his military service in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
In 1953, he was one of three delegates representing Israel in the Stoke Mandeville Games for the first time. He returned to the Games several times during the 1950s and won at least two bronze medals, one in athletics and another in wheelchair basketball.
As a member of the national men's wheelchair basketball he took part in the 1960 Summer Paralympics, the 1964 Summer Paralympics and the 1968 Summer Paralympics, winning one gold medal (1968) and two bronze medals (1960, 1964). Ben-Zvi also competed in Athletics and participated in the 1972 Summer Paralympics and the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He took part in the events for club throw (1964, 1968), shot put (1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976), javelin throw and precision javelin (1968, 1972 and 1976) and wheelchair novices dash (1968).
At the 1968 Summer Paralympics held in Israel, Ben-Zvi was the athletes' representative for the Paralympic Oath.
At the 1972 Summer Paralympics, Ben-Zvi was head of the Israeli delegation.
| 1.945313
| 0
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75609493
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie%20Glasier
|
Lizzie Glasier
|
Lizzie Glasier (married name: Elizabeth Glasier Foster; 9 May 1869 – 15 January 1947) was a Scottish socialist lecturer, activist, and pioneer of Socialist Sunday Schools.
Early life
Elizabeth Glasier was born in 1869, the daughter of John Bruce and Isabella McNicoll. John Bruce had eloped with the much younger McNicoll around 1857, leaving his wife Elizabeth Lindsay and their three children. A number of children born to Bruce and McNicoll were registered over subsequent years, with the surname McNicoll, but those of Elizabeth and her brother John Bruce Glasier (who gave his birth date as 25 March 1859) do not appear to have been. After John Bruce's death in December 1870, Isabella adopted the surname Glasier. In 1891, Isabella and her children were living in Govan, with Elizabeth listed as a "Teacher of music".
On Isabella Glasier's death in 1911, she was mourned by the Labour Leader as "the mother and inspirer of one of the earliest pioneers and two of the most devoted propagandists of our gospel". As well as her children, the funeral was attended by Ramsay MacDonald and Ethel Bentham.
Glasier married press reporter Frederick George Foster in Camberwell, London in 1914. Foster was also involved in socialism and education.
Socialist Sunday Schools
A member of the Glasgow Women's Labour League (of which she became president), in 1895 Lizzie Glasier wrote to the Labour Leader canvassing for the idea of establishing classes for children connected with "every branch of the I.L.P. and other Socialist bodies throughout the country". On 2 February 1896, socialist lecturer Caroline Martyn, called a meeting to form the Glasgow Socialist Sunday School, becoming its secretary.
| 2.25
| 0
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75609503
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine%20Lamberet
|
Madeleine Lamberet
|
Madeleine Lamberet (6 March 1908 - 9 May 1999) was a French artist, primary school teacher and anarchist activist.
Biography
Madeleine Lamberet was born on 6 March 1908, in the Parisian suburb of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges. An artist from an early age, she studied at the École des Arts Décoratifs and was an apprentice to the neo-impressionist painters Maurice Denis, Paul Signac and Édouard Vuillard. After exhibiting her first works at the 1929 Salon d'Automne, she went to Andorra, where she painted portraits and landscapes. In 1934, she won the Prix Blumenthal for painting.
After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, she and her sister Renée Lamberet crossed the border into Spain, where Madeleine took sketches of anarchist militiamen and Renée collected testimonies for her history of the conflict. She was involved with the activities of Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista and wrote articles about the Spanish Revolution for Le Libertaire. In 1937, Madeleine moved to Barcelona, where she painted a series of portraits of anarchist militiamen; she then returned to Paris, where she worked as an art teacher at a primary school. After the defeat of the Spanish Republicans in 1939, she went to the France-Spain border and provided aid to refugees, depicting the internment camps in her drawings. During the Nazi occupation of France, she helped hide members of the French Resistance by engaging in the forgery of documents.
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75609520
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20subordinators
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French subordinators
|
French subordinators (also known as subordonnants or conjonctions de subordination) are words that primarily indicate that the clauses they introduce are subordinate to the main clause. In French, subordinators form a distinct lexical category and include words such as que (that) and si (whether/if).
Syntactically, these subordinators typically precede the subordinate clause. Semantically, they are primarily functional, serving to connect the subordinate clause to the main clause without adding significant meaning themselves.
Terminology and membership
In French linguistics, the term subordonnant is commonly used to include, along with subordinators, relative pronouns, and prepositions. This article deals only with subordinators.
Membership
Key French subordinators include:
Que ("that"): Used in a variety of subordinate clauses, such as indirect speech and object clauses.
Si ("whether"/"if"): Introduces interrogative subordinate clauses.
Examples
Each subordinator can be illustrated with examples:
Que: Je pense que tu as raison. ("I think that you are right.")
Si: Je me demande si c'est vrai. ("I wonder if it's right.")
Subordinators vs other categories
Like English, French distinguishes subordinators from other grammatical categories such as prepositions and adverbs. A major difference is that the subordinators are semantically empty, while other words – such as comme ("like"), lorsque ("when"), puisque ("since") – that have been loosely described as conjonctions de subordination have particular meanings.
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75609941
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20%28Dallin%29
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Memory (Dallin)
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Memory (1924) is an 8-foot-tall bronze sculpture of a woman by Cyrus E. Dallin located in the Sherborn War Memorial in Sherborn, Massachusetts' Central Cemetery.
Description
The sculpture depicts a female figure of Memory standing with her right hand held to her cheek in contemplation. Her left arm holds a World War I doughboy helmet encircled by a laurel wreath. She is standing in a contrapposto position wearing a high-wasted robe. This posture in dress combined with the viewers position looking up at the work places prominence on the hips.
The sculpture rests atop a granite plinth in an impressive granite exedra of New Hampshire Granite designed by Boston architect William Ware Dinsmore. Immediately behind the sculpture is a tall wall with two benches embedded in lower walls on either side. Six bronze plaques with the names of town residents who died in defense of their country from as early as King Philip's War through World War I. Among the sixteen American Civil War casualties are two men from the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. That regiment is honored in the Shaw Memorial by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in Boston.
History
William Bradford Homer Dowse, a town resident and prominent lawyer, businessman and philanthropist, funded the sculpture to honor the men of Sherborn who died in wars from 1676-1918. The statue and monument were dedicated on October 14, 1924 at a ceremony marking the town’s 250th anniversary.
In 2017 the town received a grant from the Massachusetts Preservation Projects Fund to restore the statue as light green copper sulfate corrosion was visible on the head and hands with black copper sulfide settling into the garment folds. The restoration left the statue with a uniform dark bronze color that makes discerning the sculptural details challenging.
| 2.3125
| 0
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75610379
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Messina%20Convoy
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Battle of the Messina Convoy
|
The Battle of the Messina Convoy was a naval action fought on the night of 1/2 June 1943 off the Calabrian coast, near Cape Spartivento. The action was between the Allied destroyers and of the 14th Destroyer Flotilla and an Italian convoy of the merchant ships Vragnizza and Postumia escorted by the . The merchant ships managed to slip away but Castore sank a couple of hours after the engagement.
On the fast return of the destroyers towards Malta, to get inside the range of Allied fighter cover, Vaasilissa Olga suffered a mechanical failure and was stopped for an hour while effecting repairs but the destroyers returned undamaged. The merchant ships, Castore and another torpedo boat (which was not present) were claimed sunk.
Background
Italian coastal traffic
Despite the defeat in North Africa, Italian coastal and island traffic retained its importance, against which, the Royal Navy conducted offensive operations, assisted by signals intelligence derived from code breaking. The British learned from decrypts that a convoy was at sea, sailing from Taranto to Messina.
Allied naval operations
Naval preparations for the Allied invasion of the Italian island of Pantelleria had begun with bombardments on 12 to 13 May by which it repeated on 31 May with the destroyers and . On 1 June, and the destroyers and Petard, repeated the bombardment, Penelope being damaged by Italian coastal guns. On 1 June, the British destroyer (Captain Anthony Pugsley) and the ( Lieutenant-Commander Georgios Blessas) of the 14th Destroyer Flotilla sailed from Malta. Not long after their departure, Pugsley, who was not aware of Ultra, the British code-breaking effort, received a signal that a southbound convoy was moving off the foot of Italy (Calabria). After checking the distance, Pugsley decided that there was just enough time to attack the convoy and get close enough to Malta by dawn to benefit from air cover.
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75610670
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Treponti
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Battle of Treponti
|
Confronted by this relentless onslaught and entrapped within the tactical scheme, the Italian forces were compelled to retreat in a disorderly rout, retracing their steps in a desperate effort to regain their initial positions. Despite Garibaldi's energetic efforts to quell the rout and reorganize the remnants of his forces for a renewed offensive, his second attack met again with failure and he was forced to retreat to Brescia
Aftermath
Karl von Urban was appointed the following day as supreme commander over the Fortress of Verona, the Imperial Headquarters. He had already been honored previously by the Emperor Franz Joseph for his performance in the Battle of Montebello.
On the next day Garibaldi received orders to redirect his forces to the north, effectively stopping his pursuit of the main Austrian army, which continued its retreat in an orderly way in the direction of the river Mincio and the Quadrilatero.
Importance
The Battle of Treponti represents one of the only two victories by the Austrians during the Second Italian War of Independence, the other one being the Battle of San Salvatore. Both were won by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Karl von Urban.
After this defeat, Garibaldi and his Hunters of the Alps were diverged to an unimportant theater of the war, effectively removing the force of 12.000 men from joining the decisive Battle of Solferino.
| 2.578125
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75610906
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20Catunda
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Omar Catunda
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Omar Catunda (Santos, September 23, 1906 - Salvador, August 12, 1986) was a Brazilian mathematician, teacher and educator. He was one of the great mathematicians of the 20th century in Brazil and helped consolidate mathematics research and teaching.
Biography
Catunda was born in 1906, in Santos, and was the tenth child of Thomaz Catunda and Maria Lima Verde Catunda, from Ceará. His father was a doctor and his mother was well educated, particularly interested in classical and romantic French literature. His paternal great-grandfather, Joaquim Catunda, was a Republican senator and a professor of German in Fortaleza.
Catunda studied at the Grupo Escolar Cesário Bastos, at the Liceu Comercial, where he excelled in Portuguese and Mathematics, and at the Escola de Comércio José Bonifácio. In 1922, he went to Rio de Janeiro, where he prepared for the exams at Colégio Pedro II by studying eleven hours a day, with the exception of Latin. Of the subjects studied, he enjoyed studying geometry the most, taking Comberrousse's Geometria Elementar as his textbook.
In 1925, he came first in the entrance exam for the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, where he mastered spatial geometry. In the subject Complements of Mathematics, he had his first contact with Integral Differential Calculus and met Professor Theodoro Augusto Ramos, who later guided his higher studies in mathematics. He won the Cesário Motta Prize, a gold medal awarded to the best student in the first year of the course.
| 2.484375
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75611356
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind%20Travers%20Hyndman
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Rosalind Travers Hyndman
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Rosalind Travers Hyndman (1874 – 7 April 1923) was an English poet, writer, suffragist, and socialist.
Life
Rosalind Caroline Travers was born in Horsham in 1874, the daughter of John Amory Travers and Florence Ellicot, whose father was the Bishop of Gloucester. John Amory Travers was an Army officer, who attained the rank of colonel. Raised in a comfortable home, Tortington House, Arundel, Sussex, Rosalind was drawn into politics through the women's suffrage movement.
She published two books of plays and poems. For one of these, The Two Arcadias (1905), Richard Garnett wrote an introduction. In a letter to Edward Dowden, he said: "all through there are evidences of strong feeling and occasionally of deep thinking", concluding "It may be that Miss Travers will eventually find other modes of expression more congenial than poetry, but I am confident that, one way or other, she will achieve something remarkable". Reviewing it in Twentieth Century, Dowden wrote:If we were to classify certain poets into two groups, those who sink deeper and deeper through beauty towards its centre, like Keats, and those who, like Shelley, mount towards beauty from level to level of clear air, the writer of these poems must be ranked among the spirits who climb or soar.
| 2.34375
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75611618
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oatland%20Island%20Wildlife%20Center
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Oatland Island Wildlife Center
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Oatland Island Education Center
A local teacher and administrator, Tony Cope, along with Savannah school board members lobbied for the surplus property to be turned into an environmental education center, winning the bid with an agreement that the government would maintain interest in the property cooperatively with the public school system for a period of 30 years to pilot the proposed education program. In August 1974, Oatland Island Education Center opened to the public.
Several programs were launched, including an alternative education program for pupils assigned long term suspensions, and both students and the Youth Conservation Corps played integral roles in building out the animal habitats, trails, docks, and marine monitoring station on the island. In 1975, Savannah Area Tech relocated its marine technology program to Oatland Island from Skidaway Island. By 1977, the alternative education program had expanded to accommodate 30 pupils, additional animals were being housed there, and the island was seeing 30,000 visitors annually. As interest in the island increased, Cope introduced a donation of canned dog food for admission.
Two 1800's homestead cabins were donated and reconstructed on the property, as Cope's vision included the recreation of a period correct Georgia heritage farm.
Per the original agreement, the property was fully transferred to the control of Savannah Chatham County Public Schools in 2004 and in 2007, the property was formally renamed the Oatland Island Wildlife Center. In 2023, a ceremony was held to name the main building, now an official visitor center, the Tony Cope Education and Visitor Center.
The Oatland Island Wildlife Center has a two-mile trail loop which takes 20,000 visitors and an additional 20,000 field trip students annually by the animal exhibitions, heritage home site, maritime forest, and wetlands. An important environmental science component of the Savannah Chatham County Public Schools, students and visitors are exposed to local ecology and indigenous animals.
| 2.84375
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75611836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia%20and%20the%20Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian%20conflict
|
Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
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In February 2021, the Hebrew Wikipedia renamed its version of the article on the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, changing "occupation" to "rule".
Israel–Hamas war
The Israel–Hamas war was extensively covered on Wikipedia and other related projects in various languages. This included articles about the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel starting from October 7, 2023, as well as the subsequent Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip and the Israeli invasion in the following weeks. Articles related to the war experienced edit warring due to the diversity of narratives from both sides of the conflict. For example, in the first week of the war, a Hebrew Wikipedia editor added to articles about former Israeli security officials, but not Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and allied politicians, in ways that arguably pointed to these officials' responsibility for Israel's failure to prevent the October 7 attack.
On December 4, 2023, the Wikimedia Foundation issued a statement titled "Wikimedia updates on the crisis in Gaza Strip and Israel", and another statement the next day calling for "an end to measures preventing access to the internet in the Gaza Strip".
On December 23, 2023, the Arabic Wikipedia changed its logo to the colors of the Palestinian flag and suspended editing articles for one day to protest the ongoing attacks against the Palestinian people and the bias of many Western governments, especially the United States, towards one side of the conflict and the adoption of double standards. The step was taken to express solidarity and rejection of misinformation, according to what was published on the Arabic Wikipedia's main page, which added a logo expressing that. This solidarity was widely welcomed by a large number of Arab users and supporters of the Palestinian cause, while it was criticized by some Israeli users.
| 2.015625
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75612065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Credo%20postal%20issues
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American Credo postal issues
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The American Credo postal issues (credo is "I believe..." in Latin) were a series of six commemorative postage stamps issued by the United States Post Office between 1960 and 1961. Issued over a one-year period, the 4-cent stamps feature famous quotes from prominent Americans which are considered to eulogize the principles on which the United States was founded. An opinion poll was taken which consulted one hundred distinguished Americans in public life, which included historians, and presidents of state universities, who collectively chose the given credos found on these stamp issues. The quotes inscribed on the stamps are from George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Frances Scott Key, Abraham Lincoln, and Patrick Henry, and were released in that order. Each stamp bears an inscription of the signature of the man who uttered the credo.
Stamp issues
The American Credo stamps were printed by the U.S.Bureau of Engraving and Printing in sheets of fifty. Each of the American Credo stamps paid the postage for a one-ounce letter mailed within the United States.The symbols depicted by the stamp issues relate to the credo inscribed in the stamp designs. Frank P. Conley of New York designed the stamp, issues and Charles R. Chickering modeled the designs. Robert J. Jones was the engraver the of stampdie's frame, and Howard F. Sharpless engraved the vignettes. The first day of issue for the individual stamps occurred at a city or location appropriate to background of the man who uttered the given credo.
George Washington — First issued January 20, 1960 at Mount Vernon, Virginia. The Credo inscribed on this stamp is taken from George Washington's Farewell Address, an affirmation he wrote to the American people near the end of his second term. The stamp also depicts a small image of a scale
| 2.171875
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75612454
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo%20Corsi
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Camillo Corsi
|
Camillo Corsi (Rome, 13 May 1860 - Rome, 17 July 1921) was an Italian admiral and politician. He served as Minister of the Navy of the Kingdom of Italy in the second Salandra government and the Boselli government.
Early life
Corsi was the son of Tito Corsi and his wife Teresa Mazzetti. He enrolled at the Scuola di marina in 1874 and embarked on a naval career when he graduated in 1879. He took part in the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 as a tenente (lieutenant. In 1905 he was made chief of staff of Minister of the Navy Carlo Mirabello, where he assisted with the task of modernising and developing the Italian Regia Marina ("Royal Navy"). He was also editor of the Rivista Marittima for several years.
He saw service in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, initially as a captain, though he was promoted to rear admiral in 1911 and also served as deputy chief of staff of the navy under Admiral Leone Viale. He distinguished himself in the occupation of several islands in the Aegean Sea and the assault on the Ottoman forts in the Dardanelles.
In 1914 he was made commander of the Royal Naval Academy, and in 1915, when Italy entered the World War I, he was appointed commander of the First Naval squadron, with the battleship as is flagship, as well as chief of staff of the fleet.
Political career
On 24 September 1915 Navy Minister Leone Viale resigned following prolonged disagreements between Navy Chief of Staff Paolo Thaon di Revel and the commander-in-chief of the fleet, the Duke of Abruzzi, over the conduct of the naval war. A few days later the battleship blew up in the harbour of Brindisi in what was thought to be an act of Austrio-Hungarian sabotage.
| 2.125
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75612697
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bankes%20%28died%201714%29
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John Bankes (died 1714)
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John Bankes (1665 – 14 July 1714) was a British Tory politician, who served as Member of Parliament for Corfe Castle.
Life
Bankes was the son of Sir Ralph Bankes (son of Sir John Bankes, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas) and his wife Mary, daughter of John Brune.
In 1691, Bankes married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Parker . Two of their sons, John and Henry, went on to serve as MP for Corfe Castle.
Bankes first stood at Corfe Castle – a family seat, which his father had previously represented – in the 1698 general election. The election was contested, and Bankes survived a petition from the losing candidate for voting irregularities. Bankes and Richard Fownes were returned unopposed at every subsequent election until they both died in 1714.
Bankes was also hereditary constable of Corfe Castle and hereditary Lord Lieutenant of the Isle of Purbeck.
On 14 July 1714, Bankes was attempting to lift a blunderbuss hanging on his bedroom wall at Kingston Lacy when it discharged, shooting him fatally through the head. He was buried at Wimborne Minster.
| 1.929688
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75612820
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political%20detainees%20under%20the%20Marcos%20dictatorship
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Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship
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Although various human rights abuses were attributed units throughout the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) during the Marcos dictatorship, the units which became particularly notorious for regularly violating human rights abuses were the Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP) under B.Gen Ignacio Paz; the Metrocom Intelligence and Security Group (MISG) under the command of Col. Rolando Abadilla, and the 5th Constabulary Security Unit (5CSU) under the command of Lt. Miguel Aure. An officer of the 5CSU, 1Lt Rodolfo Aguinaldo, eventually became one of the most notorious torturers of the Marcos regime.
The 5CSU and MISG were parts of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) under then-Major General Fidel V. Ramos, a distant relative of Marcos. Both Paz and Ramos answered to Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, who was also a Marcos relative. Aside from human rights abuses, these units also hounded media entities, corporate management, and opposition groups with threats, intimidation, and violence. The PC and ISAFP were also aided in these activities by the Presidential Security Unit and the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA), headed by Gen. Fabian Ver.
Detention centers
Political detainees were held in the various military camps in the capital - there were five detention centers in Camp Crame, the three detention centers in Camp Bonifacio, and the New Bilibid Prisons and a detention center in Bicutan all held a large number of prisoners. In addition, there were about 80 detention centers in the provinces, as well as various undocumented military "safehouses" located throughout the Philippines. Four provincial camps were designated as Regional Command for Detainees (RECAD) - Camp Olivas (RECAD I) in Pampanga in Central Luzon; Camp Vicente Lim (RECAD II) in Laguna in Southern Luzon; Camp Lapulapu (RECAD III) in Cebu in the Visayas; and Camp Evangelista (RECAD IV) in Cagayan de Oro City in Mindanao.
Camp Crame
| 1.90625
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75613564
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Chaparro%20Pareja
|
David Chaparro Pareja
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David Segundo Chaparro Pareja (Cuzco; — Lima; ) was a Peruvian teacher, politician and jurist. He held a parliamentary position in the Peruvian congress for Cuzco Province.
Early life
Chaparro was born on March 29, 1875, in Cuzco. He was the son of José Valentín Chaparro and María Carmen Pareja. His sister Lucía was the mother of Jorge Chávez Chaparro, rector of the University of Cuzco from 1961 to 1966. He studied at Saint Anthony the Abbot Seminary and in the National College of Sciences. His higher education studies were at the University of Cuczo and the University of Arequipa, graduating from the latter in 1904. He participated in the unsuccessful coup d'état in 1908, fighting in the battle of Calca. After another coup in 1909 that led to the declaration of a national amnesty, he left his refuge in the valley of Lares.
Career
Professional career
In 1910 he was appointed associate professor at the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, in 1911 he was appointed accidental professor of the Philosophy of Law and Civil Law courses; and in 1913 he was elevated to senior professor.
He held various judicial positions, in addition to being a member of the Superior Court of Justice of Cuzco in 1932. He was deputy director of the National College of Sciences, while in 1938 he was elected rector of the San Antonio Abad National University for a period 5 years; As soon as two years had passed since this election, by virtue of the New Organic Law of Education that was promulgated in 1941, he proceeded to a new election, being re-elected. In this role, he instituted for the first time the Social Assistance service so that students would have hospital medical services and medications in case of illness.
| 2.328125
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75613651
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albemarle%20Paper%20Co.%20v.%20Moody
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Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody
|
Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 US 405 (1975), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that Title VII disparate impact plaintiffs do not need to prove bad faith to be entitled to backpay. It also expanded on the holding from Griggs v. Duke Power that employment tests must be sufficiently job-related.
Background
Before the enactment of Title VII, Albemarle Paper Company "strictly segregated" its production lines, giving the higher-paying and more skilled jobs strictly to white employees. This system persisted until 1968 when Albemarle and the employees' labor union enacted a new collective bargaining agreement.
The new agreement changed the existing seniority system. The agreement opened lines of progression to black employees that were previously open only to white employees. However, the system left the plant's black employees behind its white ones on every line of progression. "The formerly 'Negro' lines of progression had been merely tacked on to the bottom of the formerly 'white' lines." In the 1950s, Albemarle began giving general ability tests to job applicants to sort them into the higher or lower-paying lines. Albemarle gave two tests, the Beta Examination and the Wonderlic test, which was at issue in Griggs v. Duke Power.
A class of former and then-present black employees sued Albemarle, as well as the union for violating Title VII. Initially, the plaintiffs sought only injunctive relief against policies, customs, or practices that violate Title VII under its disparate impact provision. In 1970, after a few years of discovery, the plaintiffs added a demand for backpay.
| 2.03125
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75613793
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almonaster%20la%20Real%20Mosque
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Almonaster la Real Mosque
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The Almonaster la Real Mosque (also known as Mezquita de Almonaster in Spanish) is a former Islamic mosque located in this Spanish municipality in the Province of Huelva, Andalusia. It was built during the Caliphate of Córdoba, between the 9th and 10th centuries, inside the castle of Almonaster, on the remains of a Visigothic basilica of the 6th century, whose materials were reused. After the Christian Reconquest, it was converted into a chapel, under the patronage of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, and since then it has been the site of Catholic worship.
It is a historical and artistic site of exceptional value, being the only Andalusian mosque that has been preserved almost intact in Spain in a rural area, preserving to this day the sobriety and seclusion typical of these buildings. With Roman, Caliphal and Christian elements, it was declared a National Monument on June 3, 1931, protected generically by the decree of April 22, 1949 and by Law 16/85 on Spanish Historical Heritage. Today it combines its religious function with that of a cultural center.
Description
The mosque is built on a hill overlooking the town of Almonaster la Real. It is part of a complex that includes, in addition to the oratory, an old Muslim fortress annexed to a bullring.
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75613998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neblinaphryne
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Neblinaphryne
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Neblinaphryne is a genus of frog in the superfamily Hyloidea, clade Brachycephaloidea. It contains the single species N. mayeri and is the only member of the family Neblinaphrynidae. It is endemic to the highest parts of the Cerro de la Neblina tepui on the border of Brazil and Venezuela.
Etymology
The genus name is a combination of neblina, the Portuguese word for mist, and phryne, Greek for toad. The species name honors Brazilian army general Sinclair James Mayer, who helped organize research expeditions to the Pantepui region.
Taxonomy
Neblinaphryne was described in 2023 alongside Caligophryne, another ancient frog genus thought to belong to its own family that is also endemic to the Neblina massif; both are the first frog taxa described simultaneously as a new species, genus, and family since the purple frog in 2003. Their persistence in the region supports the hypothesis of the tepuis serving as refugia for early Cenozoic taxa. Neblinaphryne is thought to be the sister group to all other Brachycephaloidea aside from Ceuthomantis, and is thought to have diverged from the group near the end of the Paleocene.
Threats
Due to its very restricted range at the highest reaches of the Neblina massif, this species is thought to be at high risk from climate change and potential introduction of chytridomycosis, and it has thus been recommended it be classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.
| 2.796875
| 0
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75614061
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amrita%20Ahluwalia
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Amrita Ahluwalia
|
Amrita Ahluwalia is a British pharmacologist and professor of vascular pharmacology at Queen Mary University of London. Her research considers the development of therapeutics for cardiovascular inflammation. She was awarded the WISE Research Award in 2015.
Early life and education
Ahluwalia studied pharmacology as an undergraduate at the University of Bath. During her undergraduate degree she spent a year at Glaxo, where the systems and efficiency impressed her. Here she explored drugs that looked to improve coronary vascular function, and was first introduced to animal dissection. At Glaxo she also started using in vivo assays. She was a doctoral researcher at the Queen Mary University of London William Harvey Research Institute, where she studied the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions of topical steroids. After earning her doctorate she moved to St George's, University of London, where she worked with Patrick Vallance.
Research and career
Ahluwalia joined the faculty at the University College London, where she was part of the Cruciform Project that would become the Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research. She eventually returned to Queen Mary University of London, where she was made Professor of Pharmacology. Her early research focussed on the development of therapeutics for cardiovascular inflammation. She identified a new Nitric Oxide synthesis pathway, and found that beetroot could lower hypertension.
In the early 2000s she started working on an endothelial mediator that required the generation of a knockout mouse, and, to maximise efficiency, used female as well as male mice in her clinical trials. She showed that pharmaceuticals aimed at reducing blood pressure used a different biological pathway in female (as opposed to male) mice, which resulted in the release of different mediators.
| 2.734375
| 0
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75614597
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulakamale%20inscriptions%20and%20hero%20stones
|
Gulakamale inscriptions and hero stones
|
Gulakamale is located in Bangalore South taluk of Bangalore district in Karnataka, India. Two inscriptions are found in Gulakamale of which one is a donation inscription, and the other, a Mahasati herostone, a typology of herostones dedicated to women who self-sacrificed in sati. Additionally, two other hero stones are also found at the same place. Gulakamale is also famous for its lake, a birding hotspot on the city's outskirts.
The Mahasati hero-stone inscription and the donation inscription mention a Gulakamari-Gulakama which today is known as Gulakamale.
Gulakamale 14th-century Singappan & Nattavar Donation Inscription
It is a Tamil language inscription is written in Grantha and Tamil scripts dated to the 14th century CE.The inscription records that a Singappan and Nattavar of Ponmani, granted grains or food offerings (Amudhu-padi) to a Vishnu temple. The term "Kuzhiku Ma" used in the inscription is ambiguous and could mean a land measurement unit or a Tamilized- version for Gulakama. The inscription was discovered on 7 July 2020 by the Mythic Society Bengaluru Inscriptions 3-D digital conservation team.
Physical characteristics
The inscription is carved on locally available granite stone. The inscription measures 118 cm in height and 73 cm in width. The characters are 3.7 cm tall, 7 cm wide, and 0.4 cm deep. Below the inscription, a Sudarshana Chakra, a symbol associated with Vishnu, is engraved signifying a donation made to a Vishnu temple.
Transliteration of the Inscription
The transliteration of the inscription in modern Tamil, Kannada and IAST.
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75614617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamriel%20Rebuilt
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Tamriel Rebuilt
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The Tamriel Rebuilt project was conceived in 2001 prior to the release of The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind. Previous Elder Scrolls titles, including Arena and Daggerfall, were set across several large, procedurally generated open-world provinces in the continent of Tamriel. In contrast to initial assumptions that Morrowind would provide a similarly large scope, early previews of the game by developer Bethesda Softworks revealed the setting would be limited to Vvardenfell, an island within the province of Morrowind, to provide greater detail. Disappointment about the scope of the game prompted several fan proposals to create the remainder of Tamriel with the game's announced Construction Set. In 2001, Ender, a member of the Elder Scrolls Forums, posted an idea for users to create a modification that would expand the game to all of Tamriel, with the post leading to several forum users collaborating to create a website and forum to organize the project. Upon release of Morrowind, the Tamriel Rebuilt project assembled as a "consortium of largely autonomous modders" of different levels of commitment and experience, with the project co-ordinating claims to create different areas using the game's grid-based exterior cells. Later years have seen development become more comprehensively planned, to ensure a higher level of quality and consistency across the project.
Development for Oblivion
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75615271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%20Chander%20Tiwari
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Ram Chander Tiwari
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Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari UYSM, AVSM, SM is a serving general officer in the Indian Army. He currently serves as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command. He previously served as the General officer Commanding Uttar Bharat Area and General Officer Commanding III Corps. He earlier held the appointment of Chief of Staff of the South Western Command. The general officer is also the Colonel of the Kumaon Regiment & Naga Regiment and the KUMAON SCOUTS.
Early life and education
He is an alumnus of National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla and the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. He has attended the Defence Services Staff College, Higher Defence Management Course and National Defence College, New Delhi. He is also a graduate of Swiss Army Chemical Warfare School and US Army Infantry School, Fort Benning, USA.
Military career
He was commissioned into the 4th battalion of the Kumaon Regiment on 13 June 1987 from the Indian Military Academy. In his 36 years of illustrious service, he has tenanted various Command and Staff appointments with a wide spectrum of operational, field and highly active Counter Insurgency profile. The General Officer has had the privilege of tenanting prestigious appointments of Brigade Major of a mountain brigade along Northern Borders, three tenures in Military Operations Directorate, Col General Staff of a Mountain Division in High Altitude in J&K, DDG KRA Cell in COAS Sectt and Dy MS in Military Secretary's Branch. He also has the unique distinction of serving twice with the United Nations, first as a Military Observer and later as Deputy Chief of Staff at Force HQ in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| 1.914063
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75615347
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmericus%20Carel%20Willem%20Adriaan%20Geuze
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Emmericus Carel Willem Adriaan Geuze
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Emmericus Carel Willem Adriaan "Wim" Geuze (17 March 1906 – 3 September 1987) was a Dutch civil engineer who contributed to the development of soil mechanics, and the founding of the geotechnical engineering journal, Géotechnique. He was head of research at the (English: Soil Mechanics Laboratory) in Delft, and professor of soil mechanics at Delft University of Technology and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Geuze was also an accomplished saxophonist, and a founder member of the Dutch Swing College Band. Deported to a forced labour camp in Germany during the Second World War, he escaped and returned to the Netherlands by hiding in a truck.
Life and career
Geuze was born in Dordrecht in 1906, the son of Pieter Jan Geuze. After completing high school in 1923, he studied civil engineering at Technische Hoogeschoole Delft, where he studied under the founder of soil mechanics in the Netherlands, Albert Sybrandus Keverling Buisman. Geuze also studied coastal and river engineering under Gerrit Hendrik van Mourik Broekman. In 1931, he became a student member of the Royal Netherlands Society of Engineers (KIVI), becoming treasurer of the hydraulics department in 1940.
He was a founding member of the Laboratorium voor Grondmechanica Delft (later known as GeoDelft) in 1936 and was appointed head of the research department in 1949. He was appointed as lecturer in soil mechanics at Delft in 1946, and promoted to professor of soil mechanics in 1951. He published his acceptance speech for the position, entitled (English: The Development of Soil Mechanics as a Technical Science), the same year.
| 2.328125
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75615347
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmericus%20Carel%20Willem%20Adriaan%20Geuze
|
Emmericus Carel Willem Adriaan Geuze
|
In 1934, Geuze married Mélanie Nancy Veenstra in The Hague. She died unexpectedly in 1979. Known to his friends and colleagues as "Wim", he had multilingual proficiency in Dutch, English, French, and German, and was highly regarded by students and colleagues. A talented saxophonist, Geuze also became a founding member of the Dutch Swing College Band. During World War II, Geuze was arrested and deported to a labour camp in Germany. He escaped and returned to the Netherlands, hidden in a truck.
Contributions to geotechnical engineering
Geuze's research initially focused on groundwater flow through dikes, employing the Hele-Shaw model, and the Dutch cell test, a concept originally designed by Buisman. He gained prominence for his work on the cone penetration test (CPT) and the critical density of sands, exploring various cone sizes to understand scaling rules. His innovative approach often involved creative solutions for transport and field testing.
Geuze was instrumental in the organisation of the 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering in Rotterdam, contributing significantly and serving as the Secretary of the Organising Committee. In 1946, he met with Rudolph Glossop and Hugh Golder in the Netherlands, with the three discussing the creation of a journal dedicated to soil mechanics over drinks in a nightclub.
The group were encouraged by eminent engineer and soil mechanics expert, Karl von Terzaghi, and their work led to the founding of Géotechnique by a committee including Geuze, Glossop and Golder, along with engineers Edward E. de Beer, Leonard Cooling, Jean-Pierre Daxelhofer, Jacques Florentin, Robert Haefeli, Alec Skempton, Armin von Moos, and William H. Ward. The journal continues to be published by the Institution of Civil Engineers.
| 2.484375
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75615478
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa%20Major%20III
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Ursa Major III
|
Ursa Major III (UMa III) is a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, the smallest and faintest ever discovered. It was found by the deep, wide field Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS), a collaboration between the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope and Pan-STARRS (two observatories in Hawaii), with additional data provided by the Keck Observatory's Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS), which has 64 megapixels of resolution.
Ursa Major III's discovery was announced in November 2023, with a paper appearing in The Astrophysical Journal in January 2024. It contains a metal-poor stellar population, indicating an extreme age of 11 billion years. Located about 32,600 light years away, it has a diameter of just 19.6 light years and is thought to contain only about 60 stars. Combined with its absolute magnitude of only +2.2, this makes it by far the Milky Way's dimmest satellite, and only about as bright as Altair. This absolute magnitude corresponds to a total luminosity of .
Ursa Major III is predicted to have a mass-to-light ratio of about 6,500. However, this becomes only 1,900 with the removal of one of the stars suspected to be part of the galaxy. This very high value may indicate the presence of a massive dark matter halo, suggesting that Ursa Major III could indeed be a true dwarf galaxy, albeit one with an extremely low stellar mass. Ursa Major III's total stellar mass is only about , making it the least massive Milky Way satellite known and by far the least massive galaxy known, if it is proven to truly be a galaxy in future research.
| 2.375
| 0
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75615568
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malleshwaram%20inscriptions%20and%20hero%20stones
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Malleshwaram inscriptions and hero stones
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A Kannada inscription dated to 1669 CE records the donation of Medaraninganahalli village to the Mallapura Mallikarjuna Temple by Ekoji, a Maratha king (half-brother of Shivaji). This donation was made at the request of the people of "bĕṃgulura mahanāḍu", a verbatim reference to the name "Bengaluru". This suggests that the earlier name of Malleshwaram was Mallapura. The inscription also includes a Shapashaya, a concluding imprecatory verse common in inscriptions, which warns against violating the terms of the grant. It states that anyone who disregards the donation will face severe consequences, including rebirth as a donkey, crow, or Chandala. The inscription emphasizes that all classes of society—Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras—must honor the donation. Those who dishonor it will suffer a fate similar to those who commit the grave sin of killing a cow in Kashi. The inscription also warns Muslims that they will incur the same sin as one who consumes pork in Mecca if they violate the grant. Notably, this is the earliest inscription in the Bengaluru region that references Islam and its adherents.
The inscription states that tax revenue from Medaraningahalli would be diverted to the temple instead of being collected by the king's revenue officers. The inscription was a royal edict that served as an "authorization permit" for the diversion of tax revenue.
| 2.09375
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75615747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development%20of%20tidal%20stream%20generators
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Development of tidal stream generators
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In August 2024, PMR started building an AR1100 turbine to be deployed in the Naru Strait to power the Gotō Islands in Japan. This is an upgrade of the AR500 turbine with added pitch and yaw mechanisms, and uprated to 1.1 MW. The AR500 was previously tested in the Naru Strait from February 2021 to December 2023.
In November 2024, Proteus signed a MoU with SKF to supply the rotating equipment and GE Vernova to supply electrical systems for their tidal turbines.
Pulse Tidal
Pulse Tidal Ltd was an English tidal stream developer, formed in 2007 after 10years of development. They developed a fully-submerged oscillating hydrofoil device, designed to work in shallow water, with horizontal blades that moved up and down in the passing current. A 100 kW, prototype was installed in 2009 at Immingham Dock, in the Humber estuary, which could generate up to 150 kW for a nearby chemicals plant.
The company was awarded €8m in European funding to develop the first commercial prototype, expected to be rated at 1.2 MW, and deployed at Lynmouth, Devon, where Pulse Tidal had been awarded a seabed lease from the Crown Estate. The company was also developing plans for the Kylerhea Narrows between the mainland of Scotland and Skye.
Pulse Tidal was liquidated in 2014.
Sabella
Sabella SAS was a French SME based in Quimper, Brittany that has been developing tidal turbines since 2008, however the company was placed into receivership in October 2023. The company had developed two main variants of their technology.
The D03 was a 30 kW horizontal-axis turbine, with a six-bladed rotor 3 m in diameter, hence the name. It was tested in the Odet estuary in 2008, but not grid connected. The turbine weighed 7 tonnes, and sat on a gravity base in around 25 m deep water.
| 2.015625
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75615785
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%20is%20a%20longing
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There is a longing
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"There is a longing" is a 1973 Christian hymn with text and music by Anne Quigley. It has appeared from 1992 in hymnals in English, and also in German from 1999, translated by Eugen Eckert to "Da wohnt ein Sehnen tief in uns".
History
The English composer and hymn writer Anne Quigley wrote the lyrics and the melody in 1973. It was published by Oregon Press Publications in 1992, and in several hymnals.
Translations
In 1999 Eugen Eckert translated the song into German under the title "Da wohnt ein Sehnen tief in uns". It became part of several hymnals and songbooks, including the regional addition EG Plus to the common Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG+102 and regional sections of the common Catholic hymnal Gotteslob.
Text, theme and music
The text is in four stanzas; the refrain about a longing in the group of singers opens the song, while the stanzas express prayers for specific desired situations such as peace and freedom. The longing for God's presence comes from sorrow and hurt, helplessness and anxiety regarding the future in a presence full of wars and dangers. The melody has been described as soft and tender, the opposite of battle songs.
| 2.25
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75616091
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Khaleel
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Mohamed Khaleel
|
Mohamed Khaleel (, born 29 October 1965) is a Maldivian diplomat.
Career
In 1983, after completing his secondary education at Majeediyya School in his hometown of Malé, he became a government official.
In 1994, he received a degree in Environmental Law and Political Science from Jawaharlal Nehru University, where he studied abroad. In 1995, he received training in Environmental Management in Japan.
From 2002 to 2008, he served as Director of the Singapore Office and deputy director of the Maldivian Office at the Maldivian Government Trade Center.
He was a high commissioner to Singapore (Ambassador level) from 2008 to 2014.
On 16 June 2019, he was appointed Ambassador to Saudi Arabia by President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih. On October 23 of the same year, he presented his credentials to King Salman of Saudi Arabia.
On 10 July 2019, he was appointed non-resident Ambassador to Kuwait and Ambassador to Jordan. On 5 December 2021, he presented his credentials to King Abdullah II of Jordan.
On 27 November 2019, he was appointed as a non-resident Ambassador to Oman. On February 18, 2021, he presented his credentials to Sultan Haitham of Oman.
On 17 August 2020, he was appointed as a non-resident ambassador to Bahrain. On August 25, 2021, he presented his credentials to King Hamad of Bahrain.
On February 15, 2021, he was appointed as the first non-resident ambassador to Palestine.
| 2.234375
| 0
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75616247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidi%20Khaled%20Mosque
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Sidi Khaled Mosque
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The Sidi Khaled Mosque (Arabic: مسجد سيدي خالد, French: Mosquée de Sidi Khaled) is a historic mosque and mausoleum located in the town of Sidi Khaled in Biskra, Algeria. It is one of Algeria's national heritage sites.
The mosque is believed to contain the tomb of Khaled bin Sinan, an early pre-Islamic religious figure who was said to have been the descendant of Ishmael. Local traditions assert that he was buried in Algeria, although this is mostly legendary fiction.
History
Sidi Khaled Mosque is said to have been one of the oldest mosques in Algeria. The Algerian scholar, Abdur-Rahman al-Akhdari, visited a tomb dedicated to Khalid bin Sinan that was located in Biskra. He also composed a poem about Khalid bin Sinan upon his visit to the tomb. Some historians, however, have doubted the authenticity of the poem and whether it can be attributed to Al-Akhdari. Nevertheless, Al-Akhdari is credited as being the first to write about the tomb, and is sometimes attributed to even be the founder of the tomb. The traveller Al-Ayyashi wrote about the tomb in 1668, describing it as being located inside a large mosque that was attached to a madrasah.
Modern history
In 1912, the incoming floods destroyed the mosque and its mausoleum. Five years later, the residents of Biskra rebuilt the mausoleum, with the help of prominent architects. In 1999, the mosque and its mausoleum were classified as a national heritage monument of Algeria. The present-day structure is the 1917 reconstruction, with an additional six years to complete the rest of the building.
| 2.46875
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75616269
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghonghi
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Ghonghi
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Ghonghi (Nepali: घोंगी) is a Nepalese fresh water snail dish prepared by the Madheshi and Tharu people of southern Nepal. It is eaten by sucking the snail from its shell and is found throughout the Madhesh Province and Terai districts of other states. It is also popular among Rajbanshi, Dhimals, Santhal and Danuwar people of Terai.
Ghonghi is eaten during the paddy season, when rice is planted and there is abundant amount of snails present in the rivers and paddy fields. The collected snails are then cleaned, and the tails are cut to make it easier to extract the meat when cooked. The snails are then boiled and cooked similarly like other curries, with a crucial addition of flaxseed which not only gives the dish a consistency but also enhances its flavor. Ghongis are served with rice and have been a staple food of the indigenous people of Terai for ages.
It is believed that the meat provided the indigenous Madheshi and Tharu people the immunity to fight against malaria, a prevalent threat in the densely forested areas of Terai.
| 2.671875
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75617266
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domlur%20inscriptions%20and%20hero%20stones
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Domlur inscriptions and hero stones
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Domlur is a locality in the eastern part of Bengaluru city in India. Domlur is a historic places as indicated in the 18 inscriptions spanning the period 1200-1440CE found there. Of these, 16 inscriptions are at the Chokkanathaswamy Temple dedicated to the deity Chokkanathaswamy or the Chokka Perumal [the Hindu God Vishnu]. Of these eleven inscriptions are from the period 1200-1440 CE and have been documented earlier in Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol 9, these are mostly donatory inscriptions for the deity Chokkanathaswamy and for the Someshwara temple (non-existent).
Domlur has been referred to variously as Tombalur, Dombalur and Desi Manicka Patanam in the inscriptions. All the inscriptions barring one are located in the precincts of the Chokkanathaswamy Temple. The earliest mention of "Domlur" can be found in the Chokkanathaswamy Temple 13th century CE Tripurantaka Perumal Enbe Devar Tamil inscription, it mentions Domlur in the Tamil form as Tombalur, proving the existence of Domlur at least since the 13th century. The Karnataka State Gazateer, Part 1, 1990, records the discovery of an 8th-century Bhairava idol in Domlur by S R Rao, renowned Archaeologist of ASI in 1975. This suggests that Domlur may have held significance as a settlement even during that time. Unfortunately, neither the idol nor S R Rao's documentation concerning it can be traced today.
| 2.25
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75617266
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domlur%20inscriptions%20and%20hero%20stones
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Domlur inscriptions and hero stones
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Domlur 1440CE Malarasa's Donation Inscription
It is a Kannada inscription recording the donation of major taxes collected by a Hejjunka tax (major taxlevied on valuable commodities, animals, food grains etc.) officer, one Mallarasa, from villages within Dombalur's boundaries for purpose of morning food offerings to Chokkanathaswamy Temple. It was written during the rule of the King Devaraya II of the Karnataka Empire praying for the stability in the King's rule. The inscription mentions the date of donation as "śakhavaruṣa 1362 raūdri saṃvatsarada bhādrapada ba 7 so" which was Saturday, 17-Sep-1440CE in the Julian calendar. The text states that any individual who violates the grant will be cursed with the same fate as someone who kills a Kapile, an orange-brown sacred cow on the banks of river Ganga. There is also a standard curse in form of a Sanskrit shloka stating that protecting other's donation gives double the merit of protecting one's own donation. Also, anyone dishonouring the donation will be born as a worm and live for sixty thousand years. The inscription was first published in Epigraphia carnatica. Presently, the inscription stands in the left front courtyard of the temple.
Physical Characteristics
The inscription is 170 cm tall, 54 cm wide. The Kannada characters are 3.7 cm tall, 3.4 cm wide & 0.35 cm deep (shallow depth).
Transliteration of the text
The transliteration is published in the Epigraphia carnatica. The text below is rereading published by the Mythic Society. It reads as follows,
Domlur Chokkanathaswamy Temple 16th-century CE Marappillai Suryappan Fragmented Left & Right Pillar Inscription
These are a set of 2 Tamil inscriptions engraved on two pillars in the Chokkanathaswamy Temple with the same text and is palaeographically dated to 16th-century. It mentions the two pillars as donated by a merchant Marappillai Suriyappan. The Quarterly Journal of The Mythic Society has documented and published this inscription.
| 1.984375
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75617328
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Clyde%20Hale
|
George Clyde Hale
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George Clyde Hale (September 29, 1881 – November 3, 1948) received a patent in 1935 for the explosive ethylenedinitramine (EDNA) which was named Haleite in his honor. He was the Chief of the Chemical Department at the Picatinny Arsenal from 1929 to 1948 and through that position was issued 29 patents for explosives, propellant powders, delay powders, fuse powders, priming compositions and pyrotechnics. The Hale Building at the Picatinny Arsenal is a research facility that honors his contributions to military exposives.
Biography
Early life
Hale was born in Cass, Sullivan County, Indiana. His parents were Charles Hale (b. July 16, 1862), a coal miner who also ran a grocery store, and Rosette Bledsoe Hale. Hale graduated from Sullivan High School in 1910 and taught school for a year before enrolling in college. He was married to Mary Allen Raines Hale and had 2 sons, George Hale Jr and Allen C. Hale, Ph.D.
Indiana University
Hale was admitted to Indiana University in Bloomington in 1911 and by 1915 had achieved both and AB and AM in chemistry. After graduation with his master's degree he was appointed as an instructor of chemistry. In 1917 he was granted a leave of absence to join the war effort at the Picatinny Arsenal. He would eventually receive his Ph.D. in chemistry in 1925 with his thesis titled, "Nitration of Hexamethylenetetramine" which was also published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. This thesis outlines the production of the brisant explosive cyclotrimethylene trinitramine which was also known as hexagon, cylconite and RDX. His Ph.D. was only the 6th one conferred by the Chemistry Department at Indiana University.
Death and legacy
Dr. Hale suffered an acute coronary syndrome in 1946 and never fully recovered. He died 2 years later and is buried in the Duggar Cemetery in Duggar, Indiana.
| 2.375
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75617350
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolshevik%20triennium
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Bolshevik triennium
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Peasant revolts in southern Spain
In peasant areas of Andalusia, La Mancha and Extremadura, where workers' mobilizations had remained at a low level since the great movements of 1903–1904, there was a strong process of politicization of the day laborers, who massively joined the unions (a total of 100,854 affiliated to the Andalusian Regional Confederation of the CNT in December 1919, 23,900 affiliations of agricultural workers to the UGT between October 1918 and July 1919), which initially obtained certain concessions (recognition of the unions and of wage bargaining, abolition of piecework). Between the autumn of 1918 and the summer of 1919 the maximum level of mobilizations was reached, with numerous strikes, such as the general strike in the province of Cordoba called by the Castro del Rio congress (October 1918) and the second general strike, in March 1919, which spread throughout Andalusia. At that time the mobilizations were radicalized through movements for the occupation of land with the intention of distributing the ownership of the properties (among the slogans spread were "unity makes strength" and "land for those who work it"), burning of crops, occupation of the town halls, etc. The fear that spread among landowners and employers provoked their withdrawal to the big cities, at the same time that wage increases were accepted (Díaz del Moral estimated a nominal increase of 150% between 1917 and 1921, although based on data on harvest wages that cannot be generalized). From May 1919 onwards, the mobilizations of day laborers were harshly repressed, and a state of war was declared. The workers' societies were outlawed and their leaders imprisoned. The Andalusian workers' movement began a phase of decline, and union membership decreased.
Simultaneous processes
| 2.59375
| 0
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75617846
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Richard%20Harding
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John Richard Harding
|
John Harding, Jr, was born in Nashville, Tennessee June 2, 1896. His parents were John Richard Harding, III and Roberta Chase Harding.
Harding attended the Webb Preparatory School, in Bell Buckle, Tennessee and Vanderbilt School of Engineering in Nashville.
His education was disrupted from college when he volunteered for the Army Air Service in World War I. He rose from private to Sargent when he trained as an Air Service Master Signal Electrician and Airplane Mechanician working at the Dayton, Ohio air facility. A pilot discovered his abilities, and recruited him as a back-seat mechanic, which eventually led to his commission as a Lieutenant.
Lt. John Harding was one of four Army Air Service officers that completed the first aerial circumnavigation world flight in 1924.
Lt. Harding was the co-pilot of the Douglas World Cruiser: New Orleans. He and the other aviators were all awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, the French Legion of Honor and the Japanese Order of the Sacred Treasure for the first circumnavigation of the earth by air.
Lt. Harding and The First World Flight author Lowell Thomas, subsequently proceeded on a lecture tour about the world flight. The lecture series lasted two years.
John Harding went on to work as a service manager for Boeing Aircraft Company, for Pump Engineering Service Corporation, and founded Harding Devices Company in Dallas, Texas which manufactured aircraft components.
John Harding, Jr. died at the age of 71 in La Jolla, California.
| 2.359375
| 0
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75618006
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meilifeilong
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Meilifeilong
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Meilifeilong (meaning "beautiful flying dragon") is an extinct genus of chaoyangopterid pterosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of China. The genus contains two species: M. youhao, known from an almost complete skeleton and a partial skull, and M. sanyainus, originally described as a species of Shenzhoupterus. The Meilifeilong youhao holotype represents the best-preserved and most complete chaoyangopterid discovered so far.
Discovery and naming
The Meilifeilong fossil materials were discovered in sediments of the Jiufotang Formation near Xiaotaizi in Jianchang County, Huludao City, of Liaoning Province, China. The holotype specimen, IVPP V 16059, consists of a nearly complete skeleton missing the tail. An additional specimen, IVPP V 17955, comprising the premaxillae, maxillae, and partial palatines of a smaller individual, was also referred to this species.
In 2023, Wang et al. described Meilifeilong youhao as a new genus and species of chaoyangopterid pterosaur based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "Meilifeilong", combines the Chinese words "meili", meaning "beautiful", "fei", meaning "fly", and "long", meaning dragon, referencing the holotype's incredible quality. The specific name "youhao" means "friendship" in Mandarin, referencing the many years of collaboration on pterosaur research between Chinese and Brazilian scientists.
Description
The holotype specimens of both Meilifeilong species are comparable in size; the M. youhao holotype (IVPP V 16059) has a wingspan of approximately , while the M. sanyainus specimen (DB0233) is slightly larger, with a wingspan of about .
| 2.28125
| 0
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75618196
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20of%20Freedom%20%28radio%20station%29
|
Voice of Freedom (radio station)
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Voice of Freedom (Portuguese: Voz da Liberdade; Konkani: Goenche Sadvonecho Awaz) was an underground radio station that transmitted across Portuguese Goa from 1955 to 1961, advocating the cause of the Goan independence movement. The station broadcast a variety of programming in English, Konkani, and in Portuguese, promoting Goan independence from Portuguese rule. Some of the broadcasters on the station included activists Nicolau Menezes, Libia Lobo and Vaman Sardesai.
History
Voice of Freedom was established in November 1955 by a group of local activists, including Vaman Sardesai, Libia Lobo, and Nicolau Menezes, who aimed to challenge Portuguese rule in India and promote the idea of an independent Goa. Lobo and Sardesai were also among the station's announcers. To maintain secrecy, the station was also referred to as the 'Q station'. Operating from undisclosed locations, often in trucks and forests near Amboli surrounding Goa, organizers maintained anonymity to safeguard against potential reprisals. It is noted that while transmitting from these locations, the broadcasters often encountered venomous snakes, leeches, and other wildlife. Broadcast locations included areas near the present-day Maharashtra border near Sawantwadi and another near the Karnataka border near Castle Rock, and later near Belgaum. The Portuguese government attempted to block signals using jammers and deployed local smugglers to track down the broadcasting setup.
| 1.90625
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74258850
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah%20Archaeology%20Museum
|
Sharjah Archaeology Museum
|
2- The Bronze Age Hall (3000 B.C. - 1300 B.C.)
Despite Sharjah's weather becoming drier during this period, a new improvement was made when stone was replaced with metal for making tools needed for daily life. Copper was abundant in the mountains of the region, enabling residents to mine and manufacture it. Tin was added to copper, creating the new mix known as Bronze. During this age, creating pottery was popularized and the links between Sharjah and other civilizations were deepened, including the Tell Abraq settlement on the Arabian Gulf coast. Also, findings proved that the residents were communicating with The Sindh, Mesopotamia, and Delmon civilizations as many pottery utensils, seals, and unique ivory combs buried in those sites and imported from different parts from the world. Similar to their ancestors in the Stone Age, the residents of Sharjah during the Bronze Age continued to shepherd and hunt. They also planted their grounds with wheat and barley for the first time, which made them improve and modernize their irrigation methods to keep up with their increasingly dry weather. They also started building mud houses and using palm fronds for the rooftops; thus, palm trees became an important resource for dates, building-materials, and making ropes and baskets.
| 2.796875
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74258867
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20Out%21
|
Come Out!
|
Come Out! was an American LGBT newspaper that ran from 1969 to 1972. It was published by the Gay Liberation Front (GLF), a gay liberation group established in New York City in 1969, immediately following the Stonewall riots. The first issue came out on November 14, 1969, it sold for 35 cents, and 50 cents for outside of New York City. Its run only lasted for eight issues. Its tagline for the first paper was: "A Newspaper By And For The Gay Community".
The newspaper's purpose was to be a voice for the GLF, that would promote LGBT rights, lesbian feminism, and anti-sexism. Notable contributors to the first issue included: Martha Shelley, Leo Martello, Marty Robinson, Kay Tobin, Jim Fouratt and John Lawritz, pseudonym of John Lauritsen. Come Out! was popularly known as the first newspaper of Gay Liberation. The newspaper was mainly sold by members of the GLF on the streets of NYC, with a few newsstands that carried them as well.
Background
Roslyn Bramms, former managing editor of SCREW, was instrumental in getting the first issue to press. Since the GLF members had no experience in publishing a newspaper, she tutored them on how to gather news, prepare the copy, and the legal requirements for production. In the first issue, they published a scathing critique of The Village Voice, an alternative newsweekly based in NYC, for not allowing the words gay and homosexual to be used in their classified ads section, after they had submitted an advertisement to them. An employee at The Village Voice told them they considered the two words to be "obscene". Three representatives from the GLF then met with co-founder Ed Fancher of the Voice, and he agreed to change their policy on the two words.
After the first issue was published, members of the 'June 28 cell' of the GLF informed the GLF members that they would be taking control of the newspaper, allegedly in order to save it. Several of the original staff members decided not to stay with the publication after the takeover.
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74259296
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die%20Innere%20Front
|
Die Innere Front
|
The leaflet was specifically addressed to the German workers and foreign forced labourers and was translated into five languages.
Like any kind of newspaper, the leaflet sought to offer different kinds of information for their readers. Many articles were polemics against the war and called for outright resistance if not strikes along with sabotage aligned with a belief that the only way Europe could be saved from total destruction was for Germany to end the war. Factual information that was strictly illegal, for example, the frequencies of Soviet radio stations were included. Attack articles were created that exposed industries for profiteering, for example, IG Farben and exposed the appalling conditions of the forced labour works. Pertinent economic information was published, presumably provided by people like Arvid Harnack who worked at the Reich Ministry of Economics (Reichswirtschaftsministerium). While many people who were part of the resistance group associated with Schulze-Boysen and Harnack wrote articles for the Die Innere Front , it was strictly a communist party organ and followed Soviet propaganda to the letter.
Production
Once an article was written it was typed up by Charlotte Bischoff, translation of articles into French were done by Eva-Maria Buch and into Polish by Sophie Sieg and into Russian by Wilhelm Guddorf. Photography work for the leaflet was undertaken by Elisabeth Schumacher. The wax matrices were written up by Vera Wulff and Ernest Hartwig duplicated the articles as needed.
Around 20 issues were published in two years with around 600 copies circulated every month.
| 2.1875
| 0
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74259358
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956%20Cairo%20TAI%20Douglas%20DC-6%20crash
|
1956 Cairo TAI Douglas DC-6 crash
|
A man named Fortuna survived the crash together with his two young sons; but he lost his wife and one or two daughters.
Rescue operation
A major in a jeep of the Egyptian army witnessed the crash.
The plane had landed in an inaccessible part of the desert two kilometers from the nearest road. It took four hours to reach the crash site by land. Next to the fact that there were several ravines and that it was a hilly path to reach the crash site, the rescue vehicles were affected by a severe sandstorm.
Two Piper J-3 Cub airplanes of the national petroleum society were used to transport doctors, nurses and medication to the crash site and to transport injured people to Cairo.
Cause of the crash
Soon after the accident Billot stated that the co-pilot, a trainee, would land the aircraft. At the moment that Billot saw that they were flying too low, he couldn’t do anything anymore. Crew members stated shortly after the crash, that shortly before landing two engines failed and the pilot tried to make an emergency landing in the desert.
In 1964, Billet stated before the magistrate in Versailles that he was conducting a part of the flight exam with the co-pilot Robert Rolland during the landing phase. Billet was asked to do so. Part of the exam was to fly with limited visibility. Because the weather was good, they flown with the curtains closed at the sides. According to Billet, Rolland made a fateful mistake as a result of the failing altimeter.
Pilot Billet was blamed that he failed to monitor the co-pilot Rolland during the approach procedure and was convicted of involuntary manslaughter. Co-pilot Rolland was blamed to rely exclusively on his instruments to fix his position at an altitude below the minimum safe altitude.
Immediately after this disaster, conducting flying exams became prohibited on flights with passengers.
| 2.46875
| 0
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74260323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtasakhi
|
Ashtasakhi
|
The Ashtasakhi (, ) are a group of eight prominent gopis and close associates of the Hindu deities Radha-Krishna in the Braj region. In many sub-traditions of Krishnaism, they are revered as goddesses and consorts of Krishna. According to the Padma Purana, the Ashtasakhi are the eternal female companions of Radha and Krishna in the Dvapara Yuga, with whom they descended upon the earth from their celestial abode of Goloka.
The popular list of Ashtasakhi include: Lalita, Vishaka, Champaklata, Chitra, Tungavidhya, Induleka, Rangadevi, and Sudevi. All of these eight prominent gopis are regarded to be an expansion of Radha, the chief consort of Krishna.
Description
Lalita: Out of eight prominent sakhi, Lalita is the foremost sakhi. She is the eldest gopi among Ashtasakhi and is 27 days older than Radha. She was born to her parents Visoka (father) and Saradi (mother) in Unchagaon, near Barsana. A temple called Sri Lalita Sakhi Temple, Unchagaon is situated in her village which is dedicated to her. In Radha-Krishna pastimes, it is the duty of Lalita to pacify Radha when she feels separation from Krishna and then arrange a meeting of Radha-Krishna. In Kaliyuga, Swami Haridas, the popular saint and musician of Vrindavan is said to be the incarnation of Lalita. He manifested the idol of Banke Bihari in Nidhivan, Vrindavan.
Vishaka: The second prominent gopi is the Vishaka. The service Visakha renders is Vastralankara or arranging for the clothing and ornamentation of the divine couple. She is exactly the same age as Radha. Vishakaha is believed to be born in Kamai village to her parents Pavana (father) and Vahika (mother). In Kaliyuga, Swami Hariram Vyas is believed to be the incarnation of Vishakha. A temple dedicated to Vishaka called Sri Vishakha Radha Raman Bihariji Temple is situated in her village Kamai, Uttar Pradesh.
| 2.0625
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74260695
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20Southern%20East%20Asian
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Ancient Southern East Asian
|
Starting from the third millennium BCE, rice farming-based agriculture spread from southern East Asia into Mainland and Insular Southeast Asia. This technological spread was a result of the migration of southern East Asian agriculturalists that carried ASEA ancestry. These Neolithic farmers took two routes: an inland route into Mainland Southeast Asia, and a maritime route that originated from Taiwan.
Ancient DNA of first farmer individuals from Mainland Southeast Asia dated at c. 4kya derives most of its ancestry from the ASEA lineage, with significant admixture from a local hunter-gatherer population. This Neolithic Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry peaks among modern populations in Austroasiatic-speaking groups of Southeast Asia (most notably in the Mlabri and Htin peoples in northern Laos and Thailand) and parts of East Asia and South Asia. Hence, the first spread of farming in Mainland Southeast Asia is widely assumed to be linked to the expansion of the Austroasiatic languages. From Mainland Southeast Asia, this Austroasiatic-related ancestry spread into Insular Southeast Asia to the Sunda Islands, adjacent areas (viz. Palawan, Mindanao) of the Philippines, and western Wallacea, although there are no remaining Austroasiatic languages spoken in this area, having been supplanted by incoming Austronesian languages.
| 3.078125
| 0
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74261429
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Schapiro
|
Bernard Schapiro
|
With the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1933, the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft was raided, looted, and eventually closed by the Nazis. Leveraging his Swiss citizenship, Schapiro and his family escaped to Zürich, where he established a private practice. Here, he treated infertility using medical and psychotherapeutic approaches and founded the Swiss branch of the Mizrachi, a religious Zionist movement.
In 1940, Schapiro and his family moved to New York City. After passing the US medical licensing exams, he established a successful practice as an endocrinologist, earning the respect of the Jewish community for treating patients in accordance with Jewish law (Halakha).
Schapiro made notable contributions to the understanding of premature ejaculation (PE). Departing from the 1917–1950 view of PE as a psychosomatic disorder, in 1943 he proposed that PE was due to overanxious personality and a suboptimal ejaculatory apparatus. He categorized PE into two types: Type B, indicating consistent rapid ejaculation, and Type A, leading to erectile dysfunction.
In 1951, Schapiro and his wife immigrated to Israel and settled in Jerusalem. He worked at the Hadassah Hospital and Shaare Zedek Medical Center while also running his private practice. Schapiro continued to serve as a consultant on matters of medical ethics and Jewish law.
Personal life and legacy
Schapiro married Tekla (Tehila) Feuchtwanger in 1922, with whom he had four children, all born in Berlin.
Schapiro died on December 31, 1966, in Jerusalem. His gravestone bears the inscription: "He remained a student of Slabodka all his days."
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| 0
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74261730
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Lorient
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History of Lorient
|
The Consulate, then the First Empire, provided the town with new administrative structures. In 1800, Lorient became chief town of the fourth maritime district. A court of first instance was set up the same year. In 1801, the city was granted a Conseil du Commerce, which led to the creation of a Chamber of commerce in 1807.
The town expanded, absorbing the suburb of Kerentrech in 1791 and Merville in 1808.
From the Restoration to the Second Empire
The town's maritime activities declined at the beginning of the 19th century, and both the arsenal and the naval port operated at low capacity for a period that lasted until the Restoration and the July Monarchy. Lorient then turned to administrative activities: a lazaretto was created in 1823 on Saint-Michel Island, and a barracks in 1839. However, the town remained dependent on naval activities until the turn of the 1860s and 1880s. The Chamber of Commerce tried unsuccessfully on several occasions to obtain government funding for a transatlantic trading port to diversify the town's activities. A wet dock and outer harbor were built between 1839 and 1848. By 1860, however, Lorient was only France's 26th-largest commercial port, and the town began to focus on agricultural trade.
The city's morphology changed. The inner city was completely built out in 1833, and the extension to the west of Le Faouëdic was decided between 1857 and 1861. The Nouvelle-Ville district was built in 1873, doubling the city's surface area.
| 2.765625
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74261879
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadora%20bairdi
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Salvadora bairdi
|
Salvadora bairdi, also known commonly as Baird's patchnose snake and la culebra chata de Baird in Mexican Spanish, is a species of snake in the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to central Mexico.
Etymology
The specific name, bairdi, is in honor of American zoologist Spencer Fullerton Baird.
Geographic range
S. bairdi is found in the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, southern Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sinaloa, Sonora, and Veracruz.
Habitat
The preferred natural habitats of S. bairdi are forest and shrubland, at altitudes of , but it has also been found in agricultural areas.
Description
In S. bairdi the rostral does not have free edges. The pale vertebral stripe is three dorsal scales wide on the neck, and tapers to one dorsal scale wide on the posterior third of the body.
Behavior
S. bairdi is terrestrial.
Diet
S. bairdi preys upon amphibians, small lizards, and small mammals.
Reproduction
S. bairdi is oviparous. An adult female may lay one or two clutches per season.
| 2.515625
| 0
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74262420
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanna%20Bonne-Wepster
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Johanna Bonne-Wepster
|
In 1948 Cornelis Bonne and Johanna Bonne-Wepster returned to the Netherlands, where Cornelis Bonne died on April 25, 1948, in Rotterdam. From 1949 until her retirement in 1963, Johanna Bonne-Wepster was a research assistant at the University of Amsterdam. She was also affiliated with the Royal Tropical Institute, at the 'Institute for Tropical Hygiene and Geographical Pathology'. Her field of research was medical entomology and in particular the taxonomy and systematics of mosquitoes. Her main interest in this was practical: to help doctors identify those species that could spread diseases.
Bonne-Wepster's collection of over 10,000 mosquitoes are currently housed at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden. Her field-notes were nearly lost but these have now been brought back to life, through digitisation 52,102 of her records of mosquitoes have been linked to collected specimens and shared into the public domain via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database.
Recognition
Even though she no formal academic training her enormous contribution to the field of Culicidae taxonomy did not go unnoticed. She received, an honorary doctorate from the University of Amsterdam in 1951. Johanna Bonne-Wepster passed away on May 4, 1978, in Amstelveen.
| 2
| 0
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74262612
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik%C5%8D-ji
|
Rurikō-ji
|
is a Buddhist temple located in the Kozan neighborhood of the city of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The temple belongs to the Sōtō school of Japanese Zen sect and its honzon is a statue of Yakushi Nyorai. The temple's full name is . It is noted for its Muromachi period Five-story Pagoda which is designated a National Treasure.
History
Kōshaku-ji
Initially, this location was the site of a temple called Kōshaku-ji, built by order of Ōuchi Yoshihiro (1356-1399), the 25th chieftain of the Ōuchi clan. Yoshihiro died in battle against the forces of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and his his younger brother, Ōuchi Moriakira, ordered the construction of a pagoda in his memory. However, Ōuchi Moriakira died in battles against the Shoni and Ōtomo clans in Kyushu in 1431, and the pagoda was not completed until 1442. After the fall of the Ōuchi clan, the victorious Mōri clan ordered that the Main Hall of the temple be dismantled and relocated at their stronghold of Hiroshima in Aki Province. This structure, which was competed in 1540 still exists as the Hondo of Fudo-in temple in Hiroshima and is a designated National Treasure.
Niho Rurikō-ji
Rurikō-ji was originally located in the area that currently corresponds to the Niho district of the city of Yamaguchi. It was built in memory of Sue Hirofusa, seventh leader of the Sue clan, in 1471 and was originally called Anyo-ji. It was renamed Ruriko-ji in 1492. In 1600, Mōri Terumoto was defeated in the Battle of Sekigahara and the victorious Tokugawa shogunate deprived him of most of his territories, including Aki Province. Making Hagi his new seat, he transferred Kōshaku-ji to Hagi in 1604. Rurikō-ji was transferred to the former site of Kōshaku-ji in 1690, where it also assumed the original name of the temple.
| 2.3125
| 0
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74263584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levantine%20Synagogue
|
Levantine Synagogue
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The Levantine Synagogue () is a Jewish congregation and synagogue, that is located on Campiello delle Scuole, in the Venetian Ghetto of Venice, Italy. Designed by Baldassare Longhena and Andrea Brustolon in a mix of the Baroque and Mannerist styles, the synagogue was completed in 1541. The congregation worships in the Sephardic rite.
History
The synagogue was founded in 1541, and underwent total reconstruction about a century later. It is believed that Baldassare Longhena worked on the exterior of the building, and Andrea Brustolon on the interior, specifically the pulpit. The Levantine Synagogue is so named due to its founders being Eastern Sephardim from the Ottoman Empire as well as the Venetian colony of Corfu in what is now Greece. The ancestors of these Levantine Jews were originally from Portugal and Spain.
The synagogue was extensively restored between 1976 and 1981.
Description
The design of the synagogue is reminiscient of the Venetian Ghetto in the Cannaregio sestieri. The presence of the building is inconspicuous, as it is not well-accentuated on the outside. Only the windows, which are larger than a typical building's, stand out as different than the average dwelling, although the inside is far more intricate than the outside.
The synagogue is located in the Campiellio de le Scuole area of the Ghetto. Many external details are typical of Longhena's work, with a prominence of entablatures and volutes in the keystone, mirrored walls, the ashlar plinth, ovulate windows in the attic, and the doors' intricately carved decorations.
| 2.296875
| 0
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74264481
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionality%20of%20the%20National%20Popular%20Vote%20Interstate%20Compact
|
Constitutionality of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
|
The 12th Amendment requires that "no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President". Section 3 of the 20th Amendment provides that if a President-elect fails to qualify before Inauguration Day that the Vice President-elect acts as President until a President has qualified, and if neither a President-elect nor a Vice President-elect has qualified, Congress is delegated the power to declare who will act as President or create a selection process by which an Acting President is chosen until a President or Vice President has qualified. The 80th United States Congress included "failure to qualify" as a condition for presidential succession under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 in the event that the Electoral College attempts to elect candidates constitutionally ineligible under the Presidential Qualifications Clause, the Impeachment Judgments and Punishments Clause of Article I, Section III, Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, and the 22nd Amendment. The No Religious Test Clause of Article VI states "no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States."
| 2.03125
| 0
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74265355
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alatochelon
|
Alatochelon
|
Alatochelon is an extinct genus of tortoise with a single known species, Alatochelon myrteum.
Name and speculated origin
Alatochelon is derived from the Ancient Greek alato-, meaning salt; and -chelon, meaning turtle. The 'salt' is in reference to the Messinian salinity crisis, during which it is hypothesized that the African spurred tortoise may have crossed over into Europe, and differentiated into Alatochelon myrteum through allopatric speciation. Myrteum is derived from the Latin word 'myrtle', which is believed to be the ancient name of Murica, the region of Spain in which the first fossil of Alatochelon myrteum was found.
Description
Alatochelon myrteum was a large species of tortoise that lived in the lower Pliocene era. As of 2023, the sole fossil found came from the Region of Murcia, Spain; thus its exact range is unknown. Alatochelon myrteum had a tall carapace, and a maximum shell length of at least one meter. Other defining characteristics include a longer-than-wide nuchal scute and a well developed nuchal notch.
Behavior
Alatochelon myrteum was likely herbivorous.
| 2.609375
| 0
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74266278
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa%20Ocampo
|
Teresa Ocampo
|
Teresa Ocampo Oliart (Cuzco, October 13, 1931) is a Peruvian chef and writer. She was a pioneer of Peruvian cuisine, and founder and first president of the Peruvian Gastronomic Association. In 2022, she was named by Forbes as one of the most powerful 50 women of Peru.
Biography
María Teresa Carlota Ocampo Oliart was born on 13 October 1931, in the hacienda of the Granja Escuela K’ayra, in the southeast part of the city of Cusco. When she was four years old, her parents, Carlota and Alcides, moved to Lima, the capital of the country, living in the center of the city. Ocampo received her basic education at the Colegio Sagrado Corazón Sophianum. After living in the center of the capital for 15 years, the family moved to Miraflores District. In the new residence, Carlota Oliart began to give home cooking classes 2 times a week to her neighbors. Teresa would assist her mother. Carlota had learned to cook from her mother, and both had studied gastronomy in Europe. The recipes collected by Teresa Ocampo date back to the time of her great-grandmother, María Mercedes Picoaga (1798-1859).
She would get her gastronomy education in Le Cordon Bleu of París, and in 1952 she could dedicate herself to her role of Professor of Cooking in the female education center Institute of Good Domestic Studies of the Home. In culinary school she signed up, alongside her mother, for cooking and baking classes.
Beginning in 1959, she participated first as a judge and later as a presenter of the TV program ¿Qué cocinaré? (What will I cook?) sponsored by Nicolini noodles and aired by Panamericana Televisión; the show ran until 1966. In the said space she breathed new life into the national cuisine, using local products and recipes common in Peruvian cuisine, as well as cheap and popular ingredients instead of expensive ones. She also mentored other Peruvian cooks, like Pedro Solari, Teresa Izquierdo, and Alfredo Aramburú, among others.
| 2.28125
| 0
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74266341
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkintilloch%20Central%20F.C.
|
Kirkintilloch Central F.C.
|
Kirkintilloch Central Football Club was a 19th-century association football club based in Kirkintilloch in Dumbartonshire.
History
The club was formed in 1885, at the same time as Kirkintilloch Athletic and Kirkintilloch Harp. While Athletic joined the Scottish Football Association for the 1885–86 season, Central and Harp did not do so until the next season; this appears to have been costly for both clubs, as players who wanted to play in the Scottish Cup joined the more ambitious Athletic.
The club's first match was a 3–0 win against the Athletic's second XI in October 1885. There was evidently some bitterness between the sides later, a friendly with Athletics in April 1886 having to be abandoned, with the Athletics 3–0 up, after some of the 500 in attendance invaded the pitch in protest at a Central goal being disallowed. The Central fans were also blamed for spoiling a friendly between the Athletic and Bonhill in October 1886 by turning up with 20 minutes to go and "shouting so loudly". However the three senior clubs, plus Junior club Kirkintilloch Rob Roy, did club together to buy a trophy for a town competition, the Jubilee Cup, to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887.
With Dumbartonshire boasting three of the strongest clubs in the world (Renton, Vale of Leven, and Dumbarton), all of whom were Scottish Cup winners by 1885, and with three senior clubs vying for support in one small town, Central found it impossible to compete on an adequate level. Its three Scottish Cup appearances saw a run of embarrassing defeats:
1886–87: 8–1 at home to Bonhill
1887–88: 5–1 at Kirkintilloch Athletic
1888–89: 13–1 at Dumbarton
| 2.046875
| 0
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74266675
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Tabori
|
Paul Tabori
|
Pál Tábori (16 November 1908 – 9 November 1974), also known as Paul Tabori, and by his pen names Paul Stafford and Christopher Stevens, was a Hungarian-born author, journalist, screenwriter and psychoanalyst. He was known for his diverse range of writings, which covered a wide array of topics including history, psychology, popular science, and fiction. Tabori's works were often characterized by his engaging writing style and his ability to make complex subjects accessible to a broad audience.
Life
Pál Tabori was born on 16 November, 1908, in Budapest, Hungary, the son of the journalist Cornelius Tabori and Elsa, née Ziffer. George Tabori was his younger brother. Tabori grew up in a bilingual and cultured Jewish family. He studied in Vienna and Berlin, where he earned a Ph.D. in psychology. Tabori's background in psychology influenced his later writings, particularly his interest in the human mind and behavior.
In the 1930s, Tabori worked as a journalist and editor in Berlin. However, due to the rise of Nazi Germany and the increasing persecution of Jews, he was forced to flee the country. He settled in England in 1937, initially working as a journalist for the Daily Mail and the BBC. He became a British citizen in 1947.
Tabori's literary career took off in the 1950s and 1960s. He authored numerous books that explored a wide range of subjects. Some of his notable works include The Anatomy of Exile, which examined the experiences of refugees and exiles, and The Natural Science of Stupidity, a lighthearted exploration of human folly. He also wrote several historical works, such as The Byzantine Background to the First Crusade and The Sultan's Fool, a biography of a Hungarian traveler in the Ottoman Empire.
Additionally, Tabori delved into the realm of fiction, producing novels and plays. His novel The Green Rain dealt with the Holocaust, reflecting his personal history and experiences. Tabori also adapted the works of other authors for the stage, including the plays of Franz Kafka.
| 2.34375
| 0
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74267431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20Quarter%20of%20Damascus
|
Jewish Quarter of Damascus
|
Crusades and Christian rule
After the Siege of Jerusalem in 1099 during the First Crusade, there was an influx of 50,000 Jews to Damascus, fleeing from the Crusaders. The community became one of the largest in the world at the time. The long-established Jews in Palestine and Syria were called "Musta'arabim" (Arabic speakers) or Moriscos (now Mizrahim). In addition, there were the Sephardic Jews who came to the country through expulsion from Spain after the Fall of Granada who spoke Ladino, a Romance language with Hebrew influence.
Ottoman rule
In the 17th to the 19th centuries, many Jews from Italy and France came to Damascus as merchants, who became known as the "Frank Lords" (Señores Francos). These European Jews typically retained their citizenship and were thus not subject to Islamic jurisdiction as dhimmis, but to the European consular courts in accordance with the capitulations of the Ottoman Empire. In the mid-19th century, of the 4,000 Jews in Damascus, only about 1,000 were dhimmis who were obliged to pay the poll tax. In the Municipal Council of Damascus at that time, two seats were reserved for Christians and one for a Jew, but these seats were often not filled. The Jewish community of the Karaites died out in Damascus during this period, and their synagogue (Kenessa) was sold to the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. On the site of the Karaite synagogue, the Melkite Cathedral of Damascus, the al-Zeitoun Church, was built from 1832 to 1834.
The disappearance of Father Tomaso and his Muslim servant Ibrahim Amara on February 5, 1840, from the now-defunct Capuchin monastery led to the Damascus Affair, during which Jews of the city were accused of ritual murder and severe rioting against Jews ensued.
| 2.953125
| 0
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74267431
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20Quarter%20of%20Damascus
|
Jewish Quarter of Damascus
|
Economy
Among the Jews of Damascus, there was an upper, middle, and lower class, all three of which were present in the Jewish quarter. The upper class included bankers and textile merchants, and the trade in gold and diamonds was largely dominated by Jews until the time of the Republic. The Farhi banking family, which owned several luxuriant houses in the Jewish quarter, played a significant role in serving the banking and taxation system of the Ottoman Empire. Many Jews of Damascus worked as artisans, silver/goldsmiths, or in forging copper and brass. Many women also worked in these vocations. Jewish artisan Maurice Nseiri, who was born in Damascus in 1944 and emigrated to the U.S. in 1992, not only furnished the al-Farandsh synagogue with his silver-worked brass, but also designed the large gates of the Syrian presidential palace in Damascus and supplied mosques, royal palaces, and wealthy gentlemen in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Kuwait. Other Jews held positions in science, medicine, and technology, with physicians Hasbani and Totah, among others, being well-known and popular in Damascus. Many men worked as Kosher butchers, and many Jewish women worked as tailors in one of the many sewing workshops in the Jewish quarter.
Under Shukri al-Quwatli, Jewish economic life was massively restricted in 1948. Many Jews dealt pragmatically with the arrival of Palestinians after 1948 by employing them in their businesses, causing a reduction in tensions. The Jews of Damascus generally saw the rule of Hafiz al-Assad as a time of relief and a new economic flourishing, in which the Jews were once again treated as citizens of Syria after a long time and opened businesses outside their neighborhoods.
| 2.953125
| 0
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74267889
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxu%C8%9B%C4%83%20Hurmuzachi
|
Doxuță Hurmuzachi
|
Doxuță Hurmuzachi (June 18, 1845–June 10, 1931) was an Austrian Empire-born Romanian jurist and politician.
Born in Cernăuți, the son of Gheorghe Hurmuzachi, he began secondary school in his native city, finishing at Brussels in 1864. He then studied law at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1868. A civil servant in the provincial administration of the Duchy of Bukovina, he served as district captain at Suceava and Cernăuți until 1891. While in the former city, he proposed restoration of the Mirăuți Church, which the Austrian government accepted after multiple requests from bishop Silvestru Morariu Andrievici. A member of the Romanian National Party, he served in the Diet of Bukovina from 1883 to 1891, and was also elected to the House of Deputies in 1891. He helped found Romanian cultural institutions, and from 1887 to 1897 was president of the Society for Romanian Literature and Culture in Bukovina. In 1904, he headed the organizing committee commemorating 400 years since the death of Stephen the Great. He died in Cernăuți.
| 1.929688
| 0
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74268316
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulloidichthys%20dentatus
|
Mulloidichthys dentatus
|
Mulloidichthys dentatus, the Mexican goatfish, is a species of goatfish native to the Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
M. dentatus was described in 1862 by Theodore Gill. The prefix "mulloid" in its genus name comes from the Latin mullus, meaning "soft," while "ichthys" is Greek for fish. Meanwhile, the specific epithet "dentatus" is word derived from the Latin, meaning "having teeth."
Description
M. dentatus has a small mouth, which can be protruded. Its villiform teeth are also small, and it does not have teeth on the roof of its mouth. The snout is dull and its chin contains two sizeable barbels. Between its dorsal fins, it has six rows of scales. It is yellow throughout, except for its two blue stripes which run horizontally. Its maximum size is .
It is similar to Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, but M. dentatus has shorter pectoral fins and barbels, and lesser gill rakers and pectoral fin rays.
Distribution and habitat
M. dentatus is found in the Central-Eastern Pacific Ocean, from southern California to Peru. Its range includes the Galápagos Islands and is rare north of the Baja California peninsula. It is found at depths between .
It mainly sticks to the coast and coral reefs, living in the sandy, muddy, and rocky bottoms near the shore. Despite this, its young are more fond of the open ocean. It can be found solitary, although it prefers to be in small schools. At night it can change its color to have red patches.
Conservation
M. dentatus was evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in May 2007, which placed it as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
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74269133
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvezd%C3%AB
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Zvezdë
|
Zvezda or Zvezdë is a village in the municipality of Pojan, a subdivision of the municipality of Maliq, in the Korçë County of Albania. Located in south-east Albania, it is within close range of Lake Prespa, which is shared between Albania, North Macedonia and Greece.
Etymology
The name of the village comes from the Slavic word for star, which is derived from Proto-Slavic *gvězda, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwaizdāˀ / *źwaizdāˀ (*gwaiźdāˀ / *źwaiźdāˀ?), from Proto-Indo-European. The placename would have originated between the years 600-1370, when the Slavs migrated into or ruled Albania, or it may have been named by Bulgarians, as a small minority living nearby the region.
History
The name of the village being of Slavic origin shows that Slavs may have founded the village or at least given its name; when this happened is unclear. Possibly Bulgarians gave it its name, as they lived nearby this region as a minority, or from one of the times the Slavs ruled or migrated into Albania between the years 600–1370. For example, during the Slavic migrations to the Balkans, the First Bulgarian Empire, the Second Bulgarian Empire or the Serbian Empire.
Zvezda Castle is a cultural heritage monument in Zvezda. This monument was approved with the number "1886" on 10 June 1973, showing it was built in 1886. There is a Mosque built in Zvezda, originally from the Ottoman era, but refurbished since.
Demographics
The population is mostly Albanian by ethnicity; they speak the southern Tosk dialect of the Albanian language. The Mosque in Zvezda shows that the population includes Muslim inhabitants.
| 2.1875
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74271021
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArtsEmerson
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ArtsEmerson
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ArtsEmerson is a non-profit, professional theater and film presenting and producing organization in Boston, Massachusetts. Based on an idea from Emerson College President Jackie Liebergott and founded in 2010 by theatrical producer Robert Orchard, ArtsEmerson is housed as part of the Office for the Arts at Emerson College's Boston campus. The organization focuses on contemporary world theater and presents or produces theatrical performances, films, and public dialogues across several Emerson College venues and in locations across Greater Boston.
History
ArtsEmerson’s first season in 2010–11 featured 17 theater productions, 92 films, and four concerts.
Leadership
Robert Orchard founded ArtsEmerson and was its first executive director. In 2012, David Dower joined the organization as Director of Artistic Programs. P. Carl joined ArtsEmerson as Creative Director in 2013, having joined the Office of the Arts as Director of HowlRound. In 2015, Robert Orchard shifted to the role of Founder and Creative Consultant and David C. Howse joined as executive director. Also in 2015, David Dower, P. Carl, and David Howse began a "three-legged" leadership period, sharing leadership as two co-Artistic Directors (Dower and Carl) and an executive director (Howse). This partnership which continued until P. Carl's departure in 2017. David Dower departed in 2021. ArtsEmerson is currently under interim leadership of Interim Executive Director of the Office of the Arts & ArtsEmerson Director of Artistic Programming, Ronee Penoi (Laguna Pueblo/Cherokee). Penoi joined ArtsEmerson in 2021. Penoi currently co-leads Office of the Arts with Jamie Gahlon, the Associate Vice President of Office of the Arts and Director of HowlRound.
| 1.945313
| 0
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74271176
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorontalese%20cuisine
|
Gorontalese cuisine
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Gorontalese cuisine or Gorontalo cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Gorontalese People of Gorontalo Peninsula, North Sulawesi island, Indonesia. It is also known as Hulontalo cuisine by perantauan (migrating) Gorontalo people after "Hulontalo", the name for Gorontalo in the local language.
Gorontalese cuisine is known for its fresh seafood, which is prepared using a full palette of spices and herbs.
The strategic location of Gorontalo–which has the Celebes Sea and Pacific Ocean to its north and the Gulf of Tomini to its south–made the Gorontalo region a strategic shipping route in the past. This history has formed the roots of a unique and distinctive culture in Gorontalo, including its unique dishes.
Along with the division of Gorontalo into a province and its separation from North Sulawesi, Gorontalo's cuisine has become increasingly popular and well-recognized as part of Indonesia's national culinary heritage.
Traditions and characteristics of Gorontalo cuisine
Gorontalo cuisine is famous for its varied menu of seafood, hot local chilies, and spices, which are developed by the local people. It is especially known for the Gorontalo Sultanate recipe.
Due to its use of spices, Gorontalo cuisine is often characterized as a simple food with notes of fresh aroma and a sweet taste because it uses spice leaves such as basil and pandan.
Gorontalo cuisine has been influenced by other communities who migrated to Gorontalo, such as immigrants from the Arab world, China, and Ternate-Tidore. Gorontalo's pastries are also influenced by European culture which brought by the Dutch.
International awards
A Gorontalo recipe book published and popularized by Amanda Katili Niode from the Omar Niode Foundation, which is called "Trailing the Taste of Gorontalo", has received appreciation from national and international culinary activists, including Chef William Wongso and Elena Aniere from Slow Food International.
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74271251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Cameroon
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Horses in Cameroon
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German and French colonizers were quick to show their interest in Cameroon's local horses. The Germans set up a military mare farm in Pitoa; the French also integrated Cameroonian horses into their military columns.
In 1918, Captain J. Lemoigne described the horses of the Choas and Fulani people in northern Cameroon as Dongola crossed with Arabian. In 1926, the French colonial administration in Douala described "a few dozen horses brought by Hausa peddlers or bought in the North for the military administration". About a hundred horses are counted in the Dschang district, owned by the Sultan of Foulbam and customary chiefs. Around 500 horses are counted in the Ngaoundéré region; the report also notes that horse breeding in Cameroon is mainly confined to the Garoua and Maroua regions. In the 1930s, Captain Charles Vallin proposed distributing mounts to mountain Kirdis to encourage traditional chiefs to meet him.
In 1952, shortly before Cameroon's independence, interest in the horse remained strong among the Muslim populations of the north.
Since independence
When Cameroon gained independence in January 1960, Ahmadou Ahidjo (Cameroon's first president) organized a fantasia in his native Garoua: the lamibé (traditional chiefs of Fulani origin) and their riders paraded on richly harnessed horses. A mounted presidential escort unit was created in 1963 in Maroua. From then on, there was a major cultural difference between the north of Cameroon, which remained traditional and very close to the African customs of Chad and Nigeria, and the very westernized south.
| 3.0625
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74271251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Cameroon
|
Horses in Cameroon
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Horses are used for work, pleasure, and prestige. Equestrian parades, horseback riding and racing have developed, leading to a parallel development of equestrian professions in urban and rural areas. Equestrian sports are managed by FECASE. The mounted presidential escort unit is responsible for the President's security, escorting important personalities, taking part in military honor ceremonies, maintaining order and guarding public squares.
In three-quarters of cases, the horse tack is purchased locally or handcrafted by its owner, often using recycled materials (tires, plastic, inner tubes, etc.). Farriery is rare, as the horseshoes used are usually imported. In contrast, most owners use the services of a saddler. However, there is no organized training for equestrian professions.
Work, transport and agricultural traction
The main use of horses in Cameroon is as an aid to work. The majority of horse users are illiterate. Owner-breeders in the north of the country use horses to drive cattle, sheep and goats, and consider horse ownership a sign of wealth or nobility. Horse-drawn vehicles are mainly used in rural areas of the country. Horses are used for agricultural work and water drainage. Cotton cultivation in northern Cameroon has always relied on animal traction: bovine traction from 1950 onwards, asinine traction from 1980 onwards, then horse traction from the 1990s: in 1995, the number of horses used in cotton cultivation was estimated at 2 000, compared with 37 000 pairs of oxen and 14 000 donkeys. Horses are used to transport agricultural inputs and produce from the production phase through to marketing.
| 2.78125
| 0
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74271251
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses%20in%20Cameroon
|
Horses in Cameroon
|
According to the Delachaux guide, in 2014 the horse population in Cameroon was around 16 000. According to Mohamadou's veterinary thesis, there were a total of 18 146 horses in 2001 and 2002, with the largest concentrations in the Far North, North-West and Adamawa regions. Horse breeding (as well as other animal husbandry) is traditional throughout the Lake Chad region. The Fulani people breed horses for prestige riding, with almost all male horses bred under the control of traditional chiefdoms (lamibé).
Around 53% of Cameroonian horse owners are also breeders, the rest being traders, civil servants, notables or drivers. And, 86% of these animals are traditionally bred. Half of Cameroonian horse owners own fewer than five animals, and 18.6% own more than 15. Around half of horse owners feed their animals with fodder (peanut stover, millet bran or sorghum), while the other half let their animals graze and supplement them with minerals as needed. Horse feed is purchased from Sodecoton or local markets, at an average cost (in 2006) of 150 francs per kilo. Management of horse reproduction is rare. Horses are frequently (in half the cases) passed down through family inheritance. It is also common to call on the services of a veterinary assistant or stable manager to manage a breeding operation.
| 3.15625
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74272207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ine-ura
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Ine-ura
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The Ine area, where Funaya are located, is surrounded by mountains on the north, west, and east, creating a terrain that blocks the seasonal winds from the Sea of Japan and Funaya form a settlement along the coastline of Ine Bay, extending in a strip for about 5 kilometers. The mountains are composed of tough rocky formations, and their steep slopes continue down to the sea, resulting in a rapid increase in water depth and forming a topography that is less prone to wave formation. As a result, the flatland of Ine-ura is very narrow, and it is on this small expanse of land that the settlement of Ine-ura has been formed. Ine Bay faces south, which makes it less susceptible to rough waves from the Sea of Japan. In the middle of the bay's entrance, there are two islands, big and small called Aoshima with a combined area of approximately 5 hectares. It divides the entrance of the bay, serving as a breakwater and providing protection for Ine Bay. Therefore, the bay has calm waters and is known for its tranquil sea. Furthermore, the tidal range in Ine Bay is small, with an average annual tidal difference of about 50 cm.
| 2.609375
| 0
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74272207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ine-ura
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Ine-ura
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Funaya
The current Funaya is a wooden building where the first floor is used as a boat storage area, and the second floor serves as a living space. Originally, Funaya were single-story warehouse structures designed as storage spaces for fishing boats and equipment, not intended for human habitation. The original Funaya had thatched roofs, either with straw or reed, and the construction materials were sourced from the nearby mountains using timber. The beams of the Funaya were made from logs of pine or chestnut, while the foundation and pillars were constructed using water-resistant Japanese chinquapin wood. The surroundings of the Funaya were often simple enclosures made with old shipboards or hanging straw ropes. Inside theFunaya, small fishing boats were stored and the width of the Funaya entrance was referred to as "two-boat-width" or "three-boat-width" depending on whether it could accommodate two or three boats. In the late Edo period, semi-two-story Funaya started to appear, and during the Taisho period, tiled roofs and two-story Funaya began to appear.
| 2.5625
| 0
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74272412
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Ernest%20de%20Chatelain
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Jean-Baptiste François Ernest de Chatelain
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Jean-Baptiste François Ernest de Chatelain (Chevalier de Chatelain; 19 January 1801 – 15 August 1881) was a French writer and translator. He lived in England from 1842, and was the husband of the writer and translator Clara de Chatelain.
Life
De Chatelain was born in Paris in 1801, and was educated at the Collège des Ecossais and at the Lycée Charlemagne. On coming to England he started a weekly paper in London, called Le Petit Mercure, the name of which he changed to Le Mercure de Londres in 1826. In the following year he went on foot from Paris to Rome, to study the sayings and doings of Pope Leo XII.
In Bordeaux, in 1830, he was employed in editing Le Propagateur de la Gironde, an employment which led to his being condemned to six months' imprisonment and a fine of 1,320 francs on 5 May 1831. Between 1833 and 1838 he published many works in Paris, and was rewarded by receiving the Prussian Order of Civil Merit in 1835. He returned to England in 1842.
In April 1843 in London he married Clara Du Mazet de Pontigny. He became a British national in 1848. In the following years they lived mainly in London, but spent some time each year in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, where they took long walks in the New Forest. From this time he published upwards of fifty works. His best known book is Beautés de la Poésie Anglaise, in 5 volumes 1860–72, containing over one thousand translations of selections, from Geoffrey Chaucer to Alfred Lord Tennyson. His Rambles through Rome, brought out in 1852, also attracted some attention. His opinions were entirely republican: in Ronces et Chardons, 1869, he strongly denounced the Emperor Napoleon III under the title of Chenapan III.
He died at Castelnau Lodge, 20 Warwick Crescent, Regent's Park, London, on 15 August 1881, and was buried at Lyndhurst churchyard on 22 August, where his wife had been buried in 1876.
| 2.171875
| 0
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74272418
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Heritage%20Trail
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Irish Heritage Trail
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The Irish Heritage Trail is a heritage trail in Boston, Massachusetts, was created in June 1994 as a way of highlighting the history of Irish Americans in Boston through its landmarks.
The trail contains 20 sites in Boston, and the Back Bay, and an additional 20 sites in Boston's neighborhoods.
The self-guided walk in Boston and Back Bay is approximately 3 miles (5 km). It starts at the Rose Kennedy Garden on Boston's waterfront and ends at Fenway Park in the Fens.
The Irish Heritage Trail was featured on the nightly New England show on WCVB.
In 2019, the Irish Echo newspaper in New York ran a story on the 25th anniversary of the Irish Heritage Trail.
Trail sites
Points on the trail include:
Rose Kennedy Garden
Kevin White Statue
James Michael Curley Statues
Boston City Hall
Boston Irish Famine Memorial
Granary Burying Ground
Colonel Shaw Memorial
Massachusetts State House
Soldiers & Sailors Memorial
Commodore John Barry Memorial
Boston Massacre Memorial
Central Burying Grounds
Colonel Thomas Cass Statue
David I. Walsh Statue
Maurice Tobin Statue
Patrick Collins Memorial
John S, Copley Statue
Boston Public Library
John Boyle O'Reilly Memorial
Fenway Park
| 2.359375
| 0
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74272800
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting-for-Christmas%20Stories
|
Waiting-for-Christmas Stories
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Waiting-for-Christmas Stories is a 1994 American children's book written by Bethany Roberts and illustrated by Sarah Stapler. The last in the informally named Waiting-for Series, it follows the same format as the first two titles (1984's Waiting-for-Spring Stories and 1990's Waiting-for-Papa Stories), this time with a holiday flavor. As with the two previous titles, reviews for this instalment were positive. Starting in 1995, publisher Houghton Mifflin (under its Clarion Books imprint) would bring out more holiday-themed books by Roberts under the Holiday Mice banner.
Synopsis
Papa Rabbit, the father previously seen in Waiting-for-Spring Stories (1984) and Waiting-for-Papa Stories (1990), shares seven miniature stories about the holiday season with his family in the same vein as the previous books.
Development
With Waiting-for-Christmas Stories, publication of the series nicknamed Waiting-for moved from Harper & Row to Houghton Mifflin's Clarion Books imprint. Maine-based artist Susan Stapler, who replaced William Joyce by the time of Waiting-for-Papa Stories, remained as series illustrator. Bethany Roberts, a children's author based in Hamden, Connecticut, originally drafted Waiting-for-Christmas during 1984; in later years, she would spend one week on a revision that formed the basis of the final version. At the time of the draft, she pondered on "what animals would be waiting for spring. After I had a character, I thought, 'What else would children be waiting for?' 'Waiting-for Christmas' was really easy to think of. It sounded like a logical choice."
| 2.453125
| 0
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74272978
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan%20Hudi%C8%9B%C4%83
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Ioan Hudiță
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Ioan Hudiță (August 1, 1896 – March 21, 1982) was a Romanian historian and politician.
Born in Bogdănești, Baia County, he attended gymnasium at Fălticeni (1907–1911) and high school in Iași (1911–1914). He then entered Iași University, studying history and geography within the letters faculty, and in the law faculty. He earned two degrees: in law (1918) and in geography, letters and philosophy (1919). From 1919 to 1921, he taught at Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu High School in Chișinău. In 1927, he obtained a doctorate from the University of Paris, with a thesis about 17th-century relations between France and the Principality of Transylvania. He was associate professor of diplomatic history at Iași University from 1928 to 1935, as well as teaching at the Military High School. From 1935 to 1938, he was associate professor at the Academy of Higher-level Commercial and Industrial Studies in Bucharest. Teaching diplomatic history, he held a similar rank in the University of Bucharest’s history faculty from 1941 to 1944, rising to full professor from 1944 to 1947.
| 2.0625
| 0
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74273376
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnti%20Jackson
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Shawnti Jackson
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Shawnti Jackson (born 2 May 2005) is an American track and field athlete.
Early and personal life
Jackson was coached from age ten by her father, Olympic 400m hurdles medalist, Bershawn Jackson. Her mother, Shannon, competed collegiately in track and field and earned All-American relay honors. She has a younger sister called Shari and a younger brother called Bershawn Jnr.
Jackson won her first national youth sprinting title at seven years old. She ran in the Junior Olympics in the 4x100m in 2012.
Jackson attended Wakefield High School in Raleigh, North Carolina. As a teenager, Jackson set new high school national records for the 50m, 55m, and 60m distances. She achieved the qualifying time for the trials for the delayed 2020 Olympic Games as a 15-year-old but opted against competing. She spent a year at the Cardinal Gibbons Catholic School before switching back to Raleigh’s Wakefield High.
Career
In January 2022, Jackson ran 7.18 for the 60m to earn third place at the Millrose Games, breaking the girl’s indoor high school national record.
She competed as a 17-year-old at the 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships in Cali, Colombia, and won a complete set of medals. She won a bronze medal in the 100m, running a time of 11.15s, then added a silver in the 4x100m and a gold in the 4x400m.
In January 2023, Jackson signed a letter of intent to compete for the Arkansas Razorbacks, having been ranked first in the 100m and second in the 400m, and fifth in the 200m in the high school rankings.
In June 2023, she became the third girl in American high school history to dip under 11 seconds for the 100m, after Briana Williams and Candace Hill. Running at the Music City Track Carnival in Nashville, Tennessee, she beat the previous high school national record by five-hundredths of a second, finishing in a new personal best time of 10.89.
Competing at the 2023 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships in Eugene, Oregon, she reached the semi-finals of the 100m competition.
| 2.046875
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74274721
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UWB%20ranging
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UWB ranging
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Ultra-wideband impulse radio ranging (or UWB-IR ranging) is a wireless positioning technology based on IEEE 802.15.4z standard, which is a wireless communication protocol introduced by IEEE, for systems operating in unlicensed spectrum, equipped with extremely large bandwidth transceivers. UWB enables very accurate ranging (in the order of centimeters) without introducing significant interference with narrowband systems. To achieve these stringent requirements, UWB-IR systems exploit the available bandwidth (which exceeds 500 MHz for systems compliant to IEEE 802.15.4z protocol) that they support, which guarantees very accurate timing (and thus ranging) and robustness against multipath, especially in indoor environments. The available bandwidth also enables UWB systems to spread the signal power over a large spectrum (this technology is thus called spread spectrum), avoiding narrowband interference.
Protocol
UWB-IR relies on the low-power transmission of specific sequences of short-duration pulses. The transmit power is limited according to FCC regulations, in order to reduce interference and power consumption. The bands supported by the standard are the following ones:
The sub-gigahertz band, which contains only 1 channel and ranges from 249.6 MHz to 749.6 MHz.
The low band, which contains 4 channels and ranges from 3.1 GHz to 4.8 GHz.
The high band, which contains 11 channels and ranges from 6.0 GHz to 10.6 GHz.
The primary time division in UWB systems is structured in frames. Each frame is composed by the concatenation of 2 sequences:
The first one is called preamble (also known as SHR or synchronization header) and consists of a header, known a priori both at transmitter and receiver side. It is employed for synchronization purposes.
The second one is called physical layer protocol data unit (abbreviated to PPDU) and contains the data to communicate, which are known a priori only at transmitter side.
| 2.5
| 0
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74275096
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyonggi%20University%20Graduate%20School%20of%20Political%20Studies
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Kyonggi University Graduate School of Political Studies
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The Graduate School of Political Studies (GSPS) at Kyonggi University is a political science and public administration school located in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1995, GSPS was the first school to combine international politics, political science, and public administration with the North Korean studies in South Korea. In addition to a degree in political science, GSPS offered classes in national security, North Korean studies, and public affairs, which eventually led to international politics and public administration degrees.
In September 2023, GSPS organized the inaugural Incheon Security Conference with the Incheon Metropolitan City and the Korean Institute for Presidential Studies to commemorate the Incheon Landing Operation in 1950. This landing operation, known as Operation Chromite was the pivotal moment that changed the tide of the 1950-53 Korean War.
Degree Program
GSPS is home to four academic departments, including: Department of Political Science and Law, Department of North Korean Studies, Department of Foreign Policy and National Security, and Department of Public Policy. GSPS offers a two-year three master's degrees in political science, international politics, and public administration and three doctoral degrees in political science, international politics, and public administration.
Notable Alumni
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74277406
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20San%20Giovanni%20in%20Valle
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Church of San Giovanni in Valle
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The church building, which is one of the masterpieces of Veronese Romanesque style, is characterized by a basilica plan divided into three naves by the alternation of pillars and columns, while the vertical development is on three levels: a raised presbytery, the hall and the lower crypt. Of notable value are the elegant carved capitals placed to crown the columns. The walls, once entirely frescoed, now show only a few fragments of paintings ruined by time and moisture. In the crypt, next to the high altar, are kept two valuable sarcophagi: one dating from the 4th century features a bas-relief sculpture on three sides in two overlapping orders with stories from the Old and New Testament narrated and in which tradition holds the relics of the apostles Simon the Canaanite and Judas Thaddeus; the other, which is older (2nd or 3rd century), is a strigilated sarcophagus from the pagan period with depictions in the center of two spouses in a shell above a rural scene and with two figures of philosophers later transformed into Christian saints on either side.
The complex is completed by a bell tower, Romanesque in its lower part and of Renaissance style in its upper part, a cloister of which only one wing remains, and the rectory that was once the seat of the collegiate church and is now one of the oldest civil buildings to be found in the city.
History
| 2.328125
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74277406
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20San%20Giovanni%20in%20Valle
|
Church of San Giovanni in Valle
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Origins
Findings in the area of terracotta funerary urns show that the church of San Giovanni in Valle stands in the area where there was once a pagan necropolis and perhaps also a small Roman temple dedicated to the Sun God. There is no precise documentary or archaeological information about when the first church dedicated to John the Baptist was built: according to the historian Grancelli this was in the early Christian period, probably around the beginning of the fourth century, when the church of Santo Stefano and the church of St. Peter in Castello (no longer extant today) were also built; the historian Guido Barbetta, on the other hand, believes that this dating should be delayed by a few decades, towards the end of the century. However, there are doubts about both of these theories due to the absence of irrefutable evidence.
Due to the fact that it stands not far from the castrum erected by Theodoric the Great and also later used by the Lombards, many believe that this may have been an Arian cathedral, as opposed to the aforementioned church of Santo Stefano, which may have been the Catholic one. In addition, the Arian Lombards were very devoted to St. John, and at the time of the schism of the three chapters (between the 6th and 7th centuries) there was a strong presence of the Arian heresy in Verona, and therefore it is very likely that there was a cathedral dedicated to their beliefs.
| 2.375
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74277406
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20San%20Giovanni%20in%20Valle
|
Church of San Giovanni in Valle
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To the west, the church of San Giovanni in Valle has a simple salient tripartite facade, made of medium-sized ashlars of tuff that alternate with blocks of maiolica at the highest part, a typical example of the Veronese Romanesque style reminiscent of the facades of the parish church of San Floriano (in Valpolicella), the church of San Severo (in Bardolino) and the abbey of San Pietro in Villanova (San Bonifacio).
The entrance portal opens in the center, enclosed in a Gothic frame of red dice marble, surmounted by a small hanging prothyrum resting on two small columns. The lunette underneath the prothyrum preserves remains of a fresco, depicting a Madonna seated on a throne with a baby Jesus on her knees attributed to Stefano da Verona. Also depicted next to the Madonna are, on the right, St. Bartholomew holding a book and, on the left, St. Anthony Abbot. The composition is completed by three medallions divided by a frieze, painted on the intrados of the prothyrum, inside of which are the figures of St. John the Baptist, the Paschal Lamb, and the Prophet Isaiah, all most likely made by the same author of the lunette.
The sun's rays hitting the facade reach the interior of the church through two Romanesque single-lancet windows that open on either side of the portal at the side aisles and from a mullioned window at the top center above the prothyrum: these openings still preserve the primitive illumination of the interior spaces, where a dim light creates a thick penumbra and a calm-looking environment. The attic is decorated by a fine frieze with saw-tooth rampant arches sheltered by large stone slabs placed to protect the overhangs.
| 2.078125
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74278735
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929%E2%80%9330%20Williams%20Ephs%20men%27s%20ice%20hockey%20season
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1929–30 Williams Ephs men's ice hockey season
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The 1929–30 Williams Ephs men's ice hockey season was the 27th season of play for the program.
Season
Before the start to the season, the team learned that it would be losing its head coach for the past three years. Leo Bellerose, who was also at the helm of the lacrosse program, was busy putting together a thesis for his master's degree from the Sorbonne and did not have the free time required to coach either team. For a replacement, the school turned to Princeton alum Alex Sayles who had spent the past four years coaching high school hockey at Phillips Academy and Pomfret School. At the same time as they announced the new head coach, the school also was mulling over building an indoor ice rink for the program while planning for two temporary rinks to be available for this year.
Practice began in early December, despite Sayles being unable to attend for the first two weeks, and were conducted under the direction of team captain Franklin Hoyt. While the team had a mix of veterans and new players, the biggest concern for the Ephs was in goal. With the graduation of Watters, the team had no candidates who had played varsity hockey before. Hamilton and Lessing had shared the net for the freshman team so there was some experience but the team would have to hope that at least one of them could assume the responsibilities. Once Sayles arrived he found the team in dire need of ice time as the winter was, once again unaccommodatingly warm. The team had little chance to work together prior to the winter break and made arrangements with Princeton to use the Hobey Baker Memorial Rink for a few days before the team took on the Tigers in an exhibition game. The lack of proper training led to a rather poor showing by the team as they lost 3–7 but the Ephs grew stronger as the game went along.
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Culture of Apulia
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A famous Apulian musician was Matteo Salvatore (1925–2005), a composer and singer of folk and traditional music who was a performer of traditional Gargano songs. Another notable musician in the folk area is Eugenio Bennato, a singer-songwriter who despite being a native of Naples, is one of the main driving forces of Taranta Power, a movement that aims to promote and spread Taranto and traditional Apulian music, which has been done through shows, publications, support for groups, the organization of events, and the creation of schools and workshops. Another world-renowned singer-songwriter and composer with connections to Apulia was Lucio Dalla, who lived there for some time, mainly in Manfredonia and the Tremiti Islands (1943–2012).
Cuisine
Apulian cuisine is diverse, both in recipes and in the numerous ingredients, which vary according to the seasons. Many vegetables are used, such as cime di rape (Brassica rapa sylvestris) (rapini), cabbage, cardoon, artichoke, chicory, bell pepper, eggplant, beans, lentils, chickpeas, fava beans (the one from Carpino being famous), onions (the one from Acquaviva delle Fonti being famous), as well as all seafood, especially from the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Taranto. The latter has a particular characteristic, resulting from the water of the Piccolo Sea and the freshwater springs (locally called citri) that flow into it and soften the salinity without affecting the taste of the fish.
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Processione del Cavallo Parato
This is a procession that takes place on the festivity of Corpus Christi, in which the local archbishop rides on a white steed, carrying an ostensory, out of the cathedral and through the city. The archbishop goes under a baldachin with six stems, which are carried by members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. On the way, the crowd throws flowers. As the procession passes the harbor area, all the docked ships turn on their sirens and the archbishop stops in front of the Monument to the Sailor of Italy to bless the waters and then stops in Victory Square to bless the city. The procession, reportedly taking place since 1254, evokes the tradition that during the Seventh Crusade, the King of France Saint Louis was taken prisoner by Saladin at Damietta in Egypt in 1249. The Muslim sovereign agreed to free the Christian king in exchange for a large ransom. Saint Louis was freed, leaving the Blessed Sacrament (bread from the Last Supper) as a pledge, and went to Brindisi, where the Holy Emperor Frederick II gave him the ransom money. The French king returned to Egypt to pay the ransom, which Saladin, impressed by the Christian king's loyalty and faith, refused to accept and returned the bread. On his way back from the Holy Land, Saint Louis was surprised by a storm and went to the beach at Torre Cavallo, near the port of Brindisi. Concerned about saving the Blessed Sacrament, Saint Louis asked for help from the Archbishop of Brindisi, who went to fetch him on a white horse, escorted by the brotherhoods and faithful of Brindisi. Upon arrival in the city, the king and the archbishop were cheered by the population.
The tradition has many anachronisms and inconsistencies to have any historical foundation. Its first written record dates from the early 17th century and was made by the Salentine physician and literate Girolamo Marciano.
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Religious architecture
The Apulian Romanesque, which reached its maximum splendor between the eleventh century and the first half of the thirteenth century, was the most immediate antecedent of the art that developed at the court of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, which, through the movement of artists such as Nicola Pisano of Apulia, led to the artistic renewal that then spread to Tuscany and thence to all Italy.
Among the first and most representative Romanesque buildings is the Basilica of Saint Nicholas (Basilica di San Nicola) in Bari, begun in 1087 and completed at the end of the 12th century. Other characteristic examples of Apulian Romanesque are the cathedrals of Trani, Troia, Ruvo di Puglia, Altamura, Bitonto, and the Basilica of Siponto in Manfredonia. Another building of notable historical importance is the mother church of Santa Maria della Porta in Palo del Colle, built in the 12th century and remodeled according to Renaissance canons in 1500, which has a bell tower about 50 meters high.
In addition to the Romanesque monuments, there are also notable Gothic buildings: the Anjou Cathedral in Lucera, the Sanctuary of Saint Francis Antonio Fasani (Basilica Santuario di San Francesco Antonio Fasanni) in the same city, the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi (Basilica di San Francesco d'Assisi) in Bitonto, the Basilica of Saint Catherine of Alexandria in Galatina, and the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Barletta (Basilica del Santo Sepolcro).
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NGC 7720
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The most accepted theory for the energy source of active galactic nuclei is the presence of an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The mass of the black hole in the centre of NGC 7720 is estimated to be (1.9 billion) based on stellar velocity dispersion or (1.81 billion) based on mass of the bulge.
Nearby galaxies
NGC 7720 is the dominant galaxy in Abell 2634 galaxy cluster. It is classified as a poor galaxy cluster and has a total X-ray luminosity of erg/s, which is considered low in relation to other similar clusters. X-ray bolometric luminosity has a central peak which corresponds to NGC 7720, while excess emission is to the southwest, perpendicularly to the radio jets.
About 118 galaxies lie within half degree from the centre of the cluster and are considered to be members of the cluster. Abell 2634 forms a pair with galaxy cluster Abell 2666, which is located 3 degrees to the east, but has lower redshift. Both clusters lie behind the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster. Abell 2622 lies behind Abell 2634, at about double the redshift.
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