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69716276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailean%20a%27%20Ridse%20MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill
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Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
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In his youth, Ailean worked as a shepherd for a local kinsman, Iain Bàn Inse ("Fair John MacDonald of Inch"), whom the poet was later to revile in verse as "fear a dhìobair an càirdeas" ("one who renounced the traditions of kinship") in the poem, Duanag le Ailean Dòmhnallacha bha 'n Achadh-nan Comhaichean air dha miothlachd a ghabhail ri Iain Bàn Ìnnse ("A Song by Allan MacDonald of Ach-nan-Comhaichean when he was displeased with Iain Bàn of Inch").
Furthermore, in his later poem Moladh Albainn Nuaidh ("In Praise of Nova Scotia"), Ailean a' Ridse would later deliver a, "bitter indictment of the working man's lot in Scotland", which has since caused his poem to be compared with the anti-landlord poetry composed by Màiri Mhòr nan Òran decades later to advance the agitation of the Highland Land League.
Until the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, however, demand for beef was very high and Alasdair Ruadh MacDhòmhnaill, as a cattle drover in Glen Spean, would have been fairly well off compared to other Lochaber Gaels. In addition to the constant threat of eviction by the landlord, however, the economic downturn that followed the Battle of Waterloo, however, would have been financially devastating to the MacDhòmhnaill family; particularly as large numbers of demobilized soldiers returned to Lochaber and became their competitors for food, land, and employment. These are believed to have been the reasons why Alasdair Ruadh MacDhòmhnaill decided to bring his whole family to Nova Scotia in 1816.
New World
Although no documentation survives regarding which ship they sailed for the New World on, it is known to have been one of the five emigrant ships from Aberdeen that arrived at the port of Pictou in 1816.
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69716276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailean%20a%27%20Ridse%20MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill
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Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
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At the age of only 22, Ailean a' Ridse versified the story of his family's voyage to the New World in his poem, Tighinn do dh' America ("Coming to America"), which the Bard set to the tune, Sàil Beinn Mhic Duibhe. Effie Rankin has called the result, "a remarkable song which resonates with the dynamic energy of sailing ships and stormy seas."
According an account passed down within the family oral tradition and later written down by Mary A. MacDonald (d. 1951) as "Grandfather's Perilous Adventure", the year after their arrival in Pictou, the MacDonald family hired a shallop to sail them across the Northumberland Strait to Port Hood, Cape Breton.
According to Mary MacDonald, the shallop was passing Arisaig, Nova Scotia on 31 October 1817 when a violent snowstorm blew them off course. During the ensuing storm, every passenger except Ailean was in the hold. Moments before being swept overboard, Ailean grabbed ahold of a loom and, while holding the loom and gripping his plaid between his teeth, he swam to the shore of Cape Breton. When the other passengers and crew also made it to shore, local people took them in and feasted them with potatoes, herring, and tea.
The Ridge of Mabou
As other Roman Catholic Gaels from Lochaber had been doing since at least 1800, the MacDonald family settled on a homestead upon the Southwest Ridge near Mabou, Nova Scotia (). On, an Ridse ("The Ridge"), from whence their descendants continue to take their name, MacDonald lived for more than thirty years and continued to compose Gaelic poetry.
Like the other MacDonalds of the Ridge, Ailean is said at first to have enjoyed composing Òrain magaidh ("Mocking songs"), or satirical poetry.
The first is Òran Dhòmhnaill Mhòr ("Big Donald's Satire"), which Ailean a' Ridse composed to the air Latha Raon Ruairidh, after a local immigrant from Bornish, South Uist, who was notorious for both his cowardice and physical ugliness, was beaten up in a fight and then went on the run from the police after being charged with swindling a local merchant.
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69716276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailean%20a%27%20Ridse%20MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill
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Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
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In response, Ailean a' Ridse decided to resort to the magical power attributed to satirical poetry to drive the bears away from the Ridge of Mabou. Modeling the poem that followed upon the well-established "rat satire" tradition in Scottish Gaelic literature, which was believed to drive away other kinds of vermin, Ailean called down a curse upon the bears for their thievery and banished them from Mabou to the United States. He urged the bears to steal everything they could possibly get from the Yankees () of New England, "and the ritual crossing of water is invoked to ensure success. Although a great number of bear songs exist throughout Nova Scotia, Òran a' Mhathain appears to surpass them all in sheer vituperative vocabulary."
After he composed such a poem, supernatural music was heard from the nearby forest, which was seen as a bad omen and caused both Ailean and the other MacDonalds of The Ridge to cease composing satirical poetry. This is the reason why only two satires by Ailean a' Ridse are known to survive.
In 1841, the first resident Roman Catholic priest, Maighstir Alasdair Mòr (Fr. Alexander MacDonald, 1801–1865) was assigned to Mabou, where he became, "a veritable chieftain and patron of poets." Fr. MacDonald was also a kinsman of the MacDonalds of the Ridge and was 8th in descent from Iain Dubh MacDhòmhnaill.
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69716276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailean%20a%27%20Ridse%20MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill
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Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
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Ailean a' Ridse composed his 1854 poem Òran dhan Deoch, ("A Song to Drink"), which he set to the air Robai Dona Gòrach, after he found that not a drop of whiskey was available to drink upon Christmas Eve. In the poem, Ailean declared himself a believer in, "The creed of Bacchus". Ailean lamented the loss of merriment caused by the Church's ban against Scottish traditional music and alcohol, while also lamenting the damage that he had seen alcoholism cause in his own family and among many other families like them.
Despite his disagreement with Bishop Fraser over alcohol, the Bard was rendered heartbroken by the Bishop's death in 1851. In response, Ailean a' Ridse composed the poem Cumha do' n Easguig Friseal ("Lament for Bishop Fraser"), which he set to the air A' bliadhna leum dar milleadh. In the poem, Ailean a' Ridse adapted the traditional iconography of a Highland clan mourning the death of their Chief to local Catholic Gaels mourning for the death of their Bishop.
Personal life
Although no documentation currently survives, it is known that Ailean a' Ridse married Catherine MacPherson, the daughter of Muireach MacPherson of Bohuntine, around 1822 or somewhat earlier. They went on to have seven sons and two daughters, four of whom died young. Their oldest son, Alasdair a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill, was born on the Ridge of Mabou on 27 February 1823 and went on to become a prolific Canadian Gaelic poet, Traditional singer, and Seanchaidh in his own right.
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69716427
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Most%20Unknown%20%28film%29
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The Most Unknown (film)
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Cast and crew
Scientists who interviewed each other included microbiologist Jennifer Macalady, physicist Davide D'Angelo, psychologist Axel Cleeremans, astrobiologist Luke McKay, astrophysicist Rachel Smith, geobiologist Victoria Orphan, physicist Jun Ye, neuroscientist Anil Seth, and cognitive psychologist Laurie R. Santos.
The documentary was directed by Ian Cheney, with advisor Werner Herzog, and was supported by a grant from Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation initiative "dedicated to engaging everyone with the process of science".
Distribution
Motherboard Tech by Vice Media used a "multimodal release strategy", premiering the film at the Copenhagen International Film Festival on March 16, 2018; it was released in theaters on May 18, 2018. In the summer it began streaming on Netflix, which had global rights and made it available in 25 languages. Finally it was posted as nine individual episodes on YouTube.
Critical response
Daphne Howland of The Village Voice praised the concept of the film as raising "some of the grandest, if also the most basic, mysteries — like our perception of time or whether there's life on other planets". Howland also commented on the film's beautiful settings as "photogenic", criticizing that the science was not "deeply explained". Ken Jaworowski's The New York Times review agreed, saying the documentary "extols the wonders of science and of all that's yet to discover", but a drawback is that with 10 minute episodes, it is difficult to grasp the concepts, and the scientists are less skilled as interviewers.
Jaworowski said the film "works best as inspiration to delve deeper into these disciplines, and as a celebration of science". The New Yorker's Sara Larson said director Cheney's "goal isn't so much to inform as to inspire, and it's vicariously exciting to watch his subjects step out of their own research and into that of their peers."
Film Journal International said,
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69716657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20the%20Vine%20%28Angelo%29
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Christ the Vine (Angelo)
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Description
Christ the Vine is a painting made of egg tempera paint and gold leaf on a wood panel. The height is 77 cm (30.3 in) and the width is 79 cm (31.1 in). The work was completed sometime between 1425 and 1457 in Crete. Twelve figures exist but they are not the original twelve apostles. Peter sits with an open book to our left at the highest point in the tree. Across from Peter to our right Paul the Evangelist appears. Distinct red halos surrounded all the figures. The majestic angelic figures are weightless in a spaceless setting. Jesus appears in the center as part of the sacred tree. He is nearly half the height of the icon. Seven books are open. The divine figure of Christ Pantokrator is painted in the traditional Italian-Greek Byzantine style. The colors of his garment are the typical red and blue colors. The flesh tones feature a shading technique. The central figure exhibits the typical ecclesiastical hand gesture.
The group of two figures to the left and right of Jesus are from left to right: Mark the Evangelist, John the Evangelist, Matthew the Evangelist and Luke the Evangelist. Many Cretan artists depicted the four evangelists as symbols. Six original apostles appear below the group with open books. Thaddeus or Jude is to our left directly below Saint Mark and John the Evangelist. On the right, in the same row James is seated on a branch. The next row of apostles left to right are Simon and Bartholomew. The two figures face each other. The final two apostles at the lowest point in the tree from left to right are Thomas and Philip. The final two are closest to the ground.
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78588367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Bauquier
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Georges Bauquier
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Georges Bauquier (31 March 1910 - 2 April 1997) was a French painter.
He was a studio assistant to Fernand Léger, the French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker, and after the latter's death he and Léger's widow Nadia built and opened the musée Fernand-Légerin Biot, dedicated to Léger's work, which became a national museum in 1969 and of which he was director until 1993.
Life
He was born in Aigues-Mortes and during his childhood in Nîmes he showed a taste for drawing. In 1934 he joined the École des beaux-arts de Paris then two years later the École d'art contemporain headed by Léger (1881-1955), becoming its 'massier'. He joined the French Communist Party and the French Resistance, being imprisoned for the latter at the prison de la Santé in 1944.
Léger returned from the USA after the war and met Bauquier again. Early in the 1950s Léger acquired the farmhouse of Saint-André property in Biot, where he displayed large ceramic sculptures. After Léger's death Nadia and Bauquier decideded to build a museum not far from that farmhouse to display Léger's works - the first stone was laid in February 1957 and it was opened on 13 May 1960 by Gaëtan Picon, director general of Arts and Literature. He also married Nadia, as her third husband.
In 1967 Nadia amd Bauquier chose 348 important paintings, drawings, ceramics, tapestries and bronzes from Léger's studio at Gif-sur-Yvette and donated them to the French state. On 4 February 1969 André Malraux, minister for cultural affairs, opened the new "musée national Fernand-Léger" to house the works, with the two donors becoming its first directors and its collections later bolstered by deposits of works, paintings and drawings belonging to the pair. After Nadia's death in 1982, an extension doubled the museum's display space between 1987 and 1989.
| 2.09375
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78588637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chah%20Darya
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Chah Darya
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Chah Darya () or Chah-i Darya is a natural well and underground lake in Iran. It is found deep below the desert coastline of Rafsanjan County of Kerman province. This site is positioned 15 kilometers to the west of Davaran and close to the village of Odrej. Its diameter ranges from 20 to 60 meters, with a depth of 93 meters. Chah Darya is among the rare underground lakes found in Iran.
Folklore
Chah Darya inspires both wonder and apprehension. Its dark depths have allured numerous explorers, some of whom have noway returned. Locals relate nipping stories of enigmatic beings that inhabit the underground realm, though these tales are frequently regarded as bare fabrication, intended to allure unknowing listeners.
Local legends
A haunting yarn recounts the experience of a camel motorist who lost his camels and walking stick near Audarj village in Kerman. Days afterwards, in a dramatic turn of events, he found his walking stick floating on the Zayandehrud River near Isfahan, much to his amazement and fascination.
The commodious grotto between the entrance and the underground lake offerseco-tourists, comers, and speleologists ample occasion for disquisition. Despite repeated attempts by experts, much of the point is unexplored, concealing numerous hidden areas.
Exploration
Despite exploration, the origin of Chah Darya remains a riddle. According to Mohammad Jahanshahi, the tourism deputy of Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts in Kerman, the most presumptive proposition is that the land face collapsed. Located between Rafsanjan and Zarand, near Davaran village, Chah Darya is positioned in an area prone to corrosion. The entrance features two conical openings, measuring 60 and 30 measures in range, independently, and is girdled by yardangs.
Over time, face of the lake has experienced a metamorphosis. formerly visible, it now lies retired.
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78589070
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/1907%20G1%20%28Grigg%E2%80%93Mellish%29
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C/1907 G1 (Grigg–Mellish)
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C/1907 G1 (Grigg–Mellish) is a long-period comet discovered independently by John Grigg and John E. Mellish in April 1907. The comet has been identified as the parent body of the delta Pavonids meteor shower.
Discovery and observations
John Grigg, in New Zealand, discovered a nebulous object near the star α Cae on 8 April 1907, however the discovery wasn't communicated quickly enough for observers in the southern hemisphere to confirm the discovery. The comet was found independently by amateur astronomer John E. Mellish, from Madison, Wisconsin, on 14 April. The comet had an apparent magnitude of 11 upon discovery. The comet was also spotted by Edward Emerson Barnard in a photographic plate exposed on 13 April while he was searching for comet C/1907 E1 (Giacobini). The comet formed a trail 13.6 arcminutes long during the one hour the plate was exposed. The comet was reported to have a coma two arcminutes across and a broad tail 8 arcminutes long on 16 April. The comet faded rapidly and it was difficult to measure with the 36-inch telescope of Lick Observatory on 7 May.
The comet was found to have a similar orbit to comet C/1742 C1, however comet Grigg–Mellish is intrinsically fainter than that comet. The comet's orbit passes very close to Earth, at a distance of ; Earth passes that point on 30 March. Due to the small minimum orbit intersection distance, it was suggested to be a source of meteors with a radiant point at R.A. = , DEC = and a speed of Vg = 59.0 km/s.
Meteor shower
Comet Grigg–Mellish has been identified as the parent body of the delta Pavonids meteor shower. The shower has a zenithal hourly rate (ZHR) of 5 meteors per hour and peaks at March 31. An outburst was observed in 2019. The orbit of the meteors indicates that comet has an orbital period of 447 ± 80 years.
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78589427
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Uganda%20campaign%20%28January%E2%80%93March%201986%29
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Northern Uganda campaign (January–March 1986)
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The NRA's central column had captured Nakasongola Air Base around 2 February, causing the local UNLA defenders to flee to Kigumba. A few days later, the NRA's central and western groups linked up, with David Tinyefuza assuming overall command. They then attacked Kigumba on 5 February. After a short clash, the town fell to the attackers, while the UNLA forces in the region rallied at the fortified Nile crossings. The NRA then began its assault to cross the Nile, encountering particularly heavy resistance by the UNLA and allied West Nile militias at Karuma and Kamdini. After bitter fighting, the NRA's 13th and 19th Battalions managed to cross the Nile and advanced northward. As part of the battles along the rivers, the NRA inflicted "catastrophic losses" on the UNLA's Acholi troops and largely shattered them. Despite this, UNLA contingents continued some resistance efforts. In the Opaka forest, about 12 miles south of Gulu, a large force of new UNLA recruits armed with machetes attacked the NRA but were repelled, suffering heavy losses.
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78589693
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Grabowski
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Stanisław Grabowski
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Stanisław Grabowski (1901–1957) was a Polish painter. The largest collection of his works can be found in the National Museum in Warsaw and the Museum of Art in Łódź, where a rich collection of pre-war European avant-garde art was created thanks to the help and involvement of Grabowski and his wife.
Life
Born in Libawa (now Liepāja in Latvia) to Witold Grabowski (a customs official and long-time deputy on Liepāja City Council) and Karolina Missan (born in Kaluny, great-grandson of Konstancja Gładkowska, the first love and muse of Fryderyk Chopin), Grabowski attended the School of Commerce, where his first drawing teacher was Kajetan Szklerys, under whose supervision he copied Józef Pankiewicz's paintings and painted landscapes. In 1914 his family moved to Rybinsk on the river Volga, where he continued his education in the studio of Mikhail Shcheglov. After the outbreak of the October Revolution he stayed in Saint Petersburg, encountering European painting for the first time on his visits to the Hermitage Museum.
In 1919 he left to study at the Warsaw School of Fine Arts under Karol Tichy, Władysław Skoczylas and Wojciech Jastrzębowski. During classes in Mieczysław Kotarbiński's studio in 1923 he met Nadezhda Wanda Khodasiewicz, marrying her a year later. In 1926 the couple left for Paris where they continued their studies at the Academie Moderne under the supervision of Fernand Léger and Amédée Ozenfant. She began an affair with Léger and separated from Grabowski in 1927 after having one daughter together. A divorce followed in 1932, after which he spent three years in Spain before returning to Paris.
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78590190
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Bryan
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Benjamin Bryan
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Benjamin Bryan (10 January 1840 – 26 January 1914) was an English journalist, editor, writer, and activist. He began his journalism career at The Derby Mercury in 1853, later editing newspapers in Blackburn and Canterbury. Bryan was a prominent anti-vivisection and animal welfare activist, leading the National Anti-Vivisection Society and National Canine Defence League.
Biography
Early life and education
Bryan was born in Matlock Bath on 10 January 1840, the eldest son of Benjamin Bryan Sr. and his second wife, Henrietta (née Butler). His father nicknamed him "Penny Post" due to his birth coinciding with the introduction of the penny postal rate. Bryan began his education at Mrs. Potter's Dame School on the Dimple, before attending Bonsall Endowed School. He later studied at Matlock Green Academy under the guidance of William Corden Clarke and his brother Edward.
Journalism career
In 1853, Bryan joined The Derby Mercury. The following year, he started a seven-year apprenticeship with Thomas Newbold. During this period, he mastered shorthand and credited his time working in regional journalism as providing a better education than university could have offered. By 1860, Bryan was working as a reporter for the Chronicle in Torquay. He later worked for newspapers in Bideford and spent two years with the Essex Times. In 1864, he returned to The Derby Mercury and later moved to Blackburn to edit The Patriot and The Standard. His career also took him to Canterbury, where he edited The Kentish Gazette, before returning to Blackburn for a short period.
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78590617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Simon%20%28sports%20manager%29
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Charles Simon (sports manager)
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Early career
During his time at the parish of Saint-Honoré d'Eylau, Simon discovered the appeal and the educational interest of sports in its football team, the Étoile des Deux Lacs, which had been founded in 1898 by Father Abbé Biron, and who was thus quickly assisted by Simon and then by Henri Delaunay. Before Étoile's foundation in 1898, the young Simon might have played for Club Français, also based in Paris, because in January 1897, his surname appears in the line-up of CF's second team; Simon was only 14 years and three months old at the time, but that age was somewhat common in the second teams of those times. Either way, Simon eventually replaced Father Biron as the president of Étoile because in February 1903, he was the representative of Étoile in the USFSA's football commission. Étoile's first success under his presidency was being proclaimed champion of the patronages in 1904, and as such, the club then faced the champions of Paris, United SC on 1 May 1904, which ended in a 5–1 loss.
Despite being a good parishioner, his commitment to the FGSPF was not without ulterior motives either, because like so many Parisian clubs, he had good reasons not to be satisfied with the services of the USFSA, where he nevertheless sat on the football commission. As the president of Étoile, the very active Simon quickly climbed the ranks within the FGSPF, where alongside Michaux, he became president of the Association Football and Athletics Commission. On 15 July 1905, the federation was relocated to its first premises at 5 Place Saint-Thomas-d’Aquin, with Léon Lamoureux assuming administrative responsibilities on 14 November, working in tandem with Simon, who then became sports secretary general of the FGSPF in its 1905 congress.
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78590617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Simon%20%28sports%20manager%29
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Charles Simon (sports manager)
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Legacy
The Trophée de France and the FGSPF Football Championship, which had lasted for ten seasons, were interrupted by the war, but in 1916, the CFI relaunched an interfederal tournament on the same model as the Trophée de France, but simply renamed Coupe de France, in which Étoile lost the final 3–0 to Olympique de Pantin. This tournament did not last, however, and was replaced by the 1917–18 Charles Simon Cup, created by the CFI on the initiative of its new secretary general Henri Delaunay, which was named after Simon as a means to honor his memory. Paul Michaux, still the president of the FGSPF, even asked the goldsmith Chobillon for an object of art to honor the memory of his friend Simon. The final of the second edition on 6 April 1919, was refereed by Simon's friend Armand Thibaudeau, who replaced him as the UIOCEP's secretary general.
The CFI was officially renamed the French Football Federation (FFF) on 7 April 1919, with Jules Rimet as president and Henri Delaunay as general secretary.
The participation of the FGSPF in the various competitions organized in the Saint Damase courtyard of the Vatican earned Charles Simon the cross of the Order of St. Sylvester in July 1915, while the military medal was awarded to him posthumously in 1923. Pierre de Coubertin recognized him as "a remarkable organizer as well as an ardent apostle".
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78590645
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grai%20Resh
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Grai Resh
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Shakhi Kora
Shakhi Kora is a Late Chalcolithic (LC) ancient Near East archaeological site in lower Sirwan/
upper Diyala river valley of north-east Iraq, 10 kilometers to the south-west of the modern town of Kalar in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. Aside from stray LC1 shards the site was determined to be occupied between LC2 (Early Uruk) and LC5 (Late Uruk) with some minor occupation in the following Jemdet Nasr period . At its peak it reached an area of 8 hectares. After a sounding in 2018 prompted by reports of looting at the site it was excavated in 2019, 2022, and 2023 by a team from the University of Glasgow led by Claudia Glatz as part of the Sirwan Regional Project. To date 728 square meters have been excavated and six occupational layers determined. A magnetic gradiometer survey was also conducted which showed the presence of several large buildings. Large numbers of bevelled rim bowls were found in a context radiocarbon dated to c. 3780-3377 BC. Organic residue analysis of some of the bowls showed they were used for meat (and possibly dairy) based stews. Faunal remains at the site were primarily sheep and goats with a few cattle.
| 2.125
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78590665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia%20submontana
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Parmelia submontana
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Parmelia submontana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described in 1987, it is characterised by a loosely attached, greenish-grey thallus reaching diameters of , with elongated linear and distinctive powdery structures (isidia-like soredia) for reproduction. The species has a complex taxonomic history, having been independently discovered twice – first in Greece in 1832 and later in eastern Bohemia in 1951 – and was long confused with related species before being recognised as distinct. Distinctive characteristics of the lichen include its simple to forked rhizines, which differ from the (bottle-brush like) rhizines found in closely related species, and its blistered rounded soralia that develop from pseudocyphellae.
Though historically considered a Mediterranean and south-central European species, it has been expanding its range northward since the 1990s, particularly in Fennoscandia. The species shows considerable habitat flexibility, growing primarily on deciduous tree bark in areas with high precipitation and humid microclimates, often near water bodies such as lakes and coastal regions. Molecular studies indicate it evolved as a distinct species during the mid-Pleistocene around 1.3 million years ago, and despite appearing morphologically intermediate between some species, it belongs firmly within the Parmelia saxatilis species group. Like many lichens, it produces several secondary metabolites including atranorin, salazinic acid, and consalazinic acid, though its chemical profile is identical to that of P. saxatilis.
Taxonomy
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78590665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia%20submontana
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Parmelia submontana
|
The lichen was treated by the American lichenologist Mason Hale in his 1987 monograph on the genus Parmelia. He described Parmelia submontana as a relatively rare European lichen species that had historically been poorly understood. In 1860, William Nylander, who likely examined the type specimen in Paris, considered it an elongate form of P. saxatilis var. sulcata and suggested that it also occurred in North America, although he did not cite any specific specimens. These North American reports were never subsequently confirmed with verified specimens. When the original Bory specimen was examined at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, it was found filed under P. saxatilis in the Thuret and Bory herbarium, likely due to Nylander's annotation marking it as "P. saxatilis var. angustifolia Nyl."
Many early lichenologists struggled to properly classify this species, often treating it as a form or variety of related species rather than recognising it as distinct. For instance, Alexander Zahlbruckner placed it under both P. saxatilis and P. sulcata at different times, describing it as P. saxatilis var. contorta and P. sulcata var. contortoides The confusion persisted well into the 20th century, with many specimens being initially misidentified and only later recognised as P. submontana upon re-examination.
Collections made in Austria and Corsica reinforced the distinctiveness of P. submontana. Hale confirmed this based on the species' long, sparsely branched , numerous orbicular soralia, small pseudocyphellae, and sparse, mostly (unbranched) rhizines, characteristics initially described by Josef Poelt in 1974. Schindler's 1975 summary provided an up-to-date account of the species' distribution and ecology in Europe, noting that P. submontana is primarily found in Mediterranean and South European montane regions.
| 1.929688
| 0
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78590665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia%20submontana
|
Parmelia submontana
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Parmelia submontana is a lichen with a thallus that is loosely attached to the bark of trees, often trailing in well-developed specimens. It has a firm, greenish mineral-grey thallus that can reach a width of . The are elongated and linear, measuring up to 30 mm in length and 2–5 mm in width. These lobes are only slightly branched and sometimes weakly channeled. The upper surface is shiny, ranging from smooth to slightly wrinkled, and is continuous. It features small, round to irregularly shaped pseudocyphellae (tiny openings on the surface), which are located both on the (the main, leafy part of the thallus) and along the margins. These pseudocyphellae, measuring 0.3–1 mm long, quickly become , with soralia (structures for asexual reproduction) that are orbicular (circular) to linear with an eroded centre as they age. The soredia (granular reproductive propagules) are to nearly resembling isidia (small outgrowths).
The lower surface of the thallus is black and sparsely covered with rhizines (root-like structures), which are simple to sparsely branched and measure 1–1.5 mm in length. The species has simple to furcate rhizines, where secondary branches arise obliquely from the axis, unlike the squarrose rhizines found in some other Parmelia species where secondary branches arise perpendicularly. Apothecia (sexual reproductive structures) are rare in this species. When present, they are round, 1–2 mm in diameter, disc-shaped with a slightly crenulate margin, and have a reddish-brown . The spores are colourless, single-celled, measuring 10–11 by 14–15 μm, with thick walls (2 μm). The hymenium (55–70 μm) and excipulum are colourless, with asci 25–55 μm in length.
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78590665
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia%20submontana
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Parmelia submontana
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Although traditionally considered a Mediterranean and south-central European species, P. submontana has been documented expanding its range northward in recent decades, particularly in Fennoscandia. In Sweden, it has been documented in the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Västergötland, while in Denmark it occurs in northern and eastern Jutland. The species has also spread to Norway, being recorded in Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder. In northern regions, it shows a preference for areas with high precipitation (typically 500–750 mm annually) and humid microclimates, often occurring near water bodies such as lakes, boggy areas, or coastal regions. The species displays considerable habitat flexibility, growing not only in forests but also in gardens, parklands, forest edges, and along roadsides, though open habitat occurrences are typically in close proximity to water bodies. It grows on the trunks and branches of various deciduous trees including Acer platanoides, Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, Malus domestica, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata, as well as occasionally on conifers such as Picea abies. In the Mediterranean region, it is found more frequently on conifers, including species such as Abies cephalonica, A. pinsapo, and Pinus pallesiana. In regions like the Black Forest, the species reaches its optimal development at altitudes around 800 metres.
The species typically occurs in association with other lichens such as Parmelia saxatilis, P. sulcata, and Pertusaria amara. In Mediterranean regions, it can be found in communities with Lobaria pulmonaria, L. amplissima, Nephroma lusitanicum, and other species that require high air humidity. This association with moisture-loving species further emphasises its preference for humid conditions.
| 2.4375
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78590878
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmelia%20serrana
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Parmelia serrana
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Parmelia serrana features a crustose, thallus that is closely adpressed to the and forms orbicular patches up to 15 cm in diameter. The thallus consists of overlapping () lobes, which are typically 2.5–6 mm wide, apically rounded to sublinear, and show a pale greenish grey to whitish grey colour. The surface is shiny and may become reticulately cracked as it ages.
Pseudocyphellae (tiny pores for gas exchange) are numerous and mainly linear to irregularly shaped, scattered across the . Over time, the pseudocyphellae become , forming orbicular to linear soralia with eroded centres as they age. Isidia are densely packed on older parts of the thallus, cylindrical in shape, and to branched. The lower surface has sparse to moderately abundant, to sparsely branched rhizines, which measure 1–1.5 mm long.
Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are fairly common, subpedicellate, with a that is initially concave, expanding to 1–4 mm in diameter. are broadly ellipsoid, measuring 17–18 by 12–13 μm.
Chemical spot tests on the thallus reveal a that reacts K+ (yellow); the medulla shows a K+ (yellow then red) reaction, C−, PD+ (red-orange). Known chemical constituents include atranorin, chloroatranorin, salazinic acid, consalazinic acid, and trace amounts of protocetraric acid.
Similar species
Parmelia serrana is often compared to P. saxatilis due to their visual similarities. However, it can be distinguished by its rounded, not truncated lobe tips and specific molecular sequences in ITS and β-tubulin regions. Parmelia saxatilis typically has narrower, more adnate lobes and a darker colouration, particularly at the lobe margins.
Habitat and distribution
Parmelia serrana grows on deciduous and coniferous trees, and less frequently on mossy rocks. It is particularly prevalent on Pinus sylvestris and various species of Quercus (oak). The species is widespread in the Sierra del Guadarrama and other mountain ranges within its native Mediterranean and submediterranean zones, from approximately 300 to 1700 metres in elevation.
| 2.6875
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78590949
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allregulin
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Allregulin
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Allregulin (ARLN) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C4orf3 gene. ARLN is a small ER transmembrane protein that regulates calcium homeostasis through SERCA (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). It is also known as C4orf3 and HCVFTP1 (hepatitis C virus F protein-transactivated protein 1).
Gene
Chromosome 4 open reading frame 3 is a protein encoding gene that is located on chromosome 4 with specific location 4q26. It has a total of 3 exons. The gene acts upstream or within negative regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity. The protein encoded by this gene is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as an integral component. It is ubiquitously expressed in the esophagus, fat, and kidney. It is a newly discovered tissue specific regulator of SERCA (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase), its function to interact with the inhibitory groove of SERCA.
mRNA
C4orf3 transcript variant 1 encodes for a mRNA sequence that is 2975 nucleotides in length. It is composed of three exons, two of which are embedded in the coding sequence and one that spans the rest of the sequence. There is no 5’ UTR because the coding sequence begins at the beginning of the sequence and the 3’ UTR is 209 nucleotides long.
Protein
ARLN is a small ER transmembrane protein that regulates calcium homeostasis through SERCA. The molecular weight is 7.6 kDa. Isoform 1 is 199 amino acids long, however there is also a smaller isoform, that is 66 amino acids long. The second isoform is the latter part of the first isoform. The protein and its orthologs are rich in arginine. There is a transmembrane domain present near the C-terminus (amino acids 177-199). This transmembrane domain is well conserved in orthologs.
Homology
C4orf3 orthologs are found in most mammals, mainly in primates, but also in whales, dolphins, foxes and other mammals. There is one bird (Phalacrocorax carbo) where a C4orf3 ortholog is found. The C-terminus of the protein is highly conserved in these orthologs.
| 2.046875
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78590970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel%20de%20Ville%2C%20Ajaccio
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Hôtel de Ville, Ajaccio
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The collection of Napoleonic memorabilia was augmented by a bequest of 31 portraits, some of which had belonged to Letizia Bonaparte, and which were left to the town by Cardinal Joseph Fesch when he died in May 1839. The collection was further augmented by a bequest of items left by Hippolyte Mortier, 3rd Duke of Treviso, when he died in 1892. The additions to the collection included a bust of Letizia Bonaparte, created by Raimondo Trentanove in 1818, as well as a portrait by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson of the former emperor's father, Carlo Buonaparte. The building was extended to the east, by the creation of an extra three bay pavilion and a recessed connecting bay, between 1891 and 1892, on land reclaimed from the sea.
Following the liberation of the town on 9 September 1943, during the Second World War, the resistance leader, Maurice Choury, climbed on a roof of an ambulance outside the town hall and called for an insurrection against the fascist and Nazi occupiers. A memorial to the resistance, designed by Noel Bonardi and intended to commemorate the lives of local people who gave their lives in the Second World War, was unveiled at the east end of Place du Maréchal Foch in 1960.
| 2.203125
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78591124
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surviving%20Portions%20of%20Ornaments%20for%20Imperial%20Ceremonial%20Attire%20and%20Crowns
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Surviving Portions of Ornaments for Imperial Ceremonial Attire and Crowns
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The term kurinousuhata refers to black silk gauze and is believed to correspond to the part of the crown that covers the known as a . This section is surrounded by decorations of gold and silver jewels, with two black-purple braided cords and it was stored in a small octagonal red-lacquered box. This small box still exists today.
Among the surviving fragments, it is difficult to determine which pieces belonged to Emperor Shōmu. However, the ryū (pendant tassels) made of large and small pearls interspersed with lapis lazuli beads in shades of blue, green, yellow, and red are believed to be from the benkan (ceremonial crown) of the emperor.
Additionally, a sun-shaped ornament is also thought to belong to Emperor Shōmu's benkan. Made of gilt bronze, it features eight rays, from which hang yōraku (beaded pendants) strung with pearls and lapis lazuli beads. Unlike later crowns, the sun does not feature a three-legged crow.
According to the records in the Bakuryōshige, Empress Kōmyō's crown is described as: "Adorned with pure gold phoenixes and jewels in the shape of kudzu leaves made of gold and silver, with two white braided cords attached, and stored in a small hexagonal red-lacquered box." Among the surviving fragments, a gold phoenix ornament is thought to be from Empress Kōmyō's crown. Near the base of the wings, there are traces of a pair of inlaid jewels, suggesting that gemstones were originally embedded there.
| 2.5
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78591362
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Lannuzel
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René Lannuzel
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René Marie Lannuzel (14 December 1846 – 2 June 1898) was a French missionary and one of the pioneers of the evangelization of Melanesia.
Early life
Lannuzel was born on 14 December 1846 in Pen Allan Garo demesne Plourin, Finistère, France, to a family of farmers. His parents, François Lannuzel and Marie Catherine Le Gléau, managed the Pen Allan Garo farm (alternatively spelled Pen Al Lann Garo or Pen Ar Lann Garo), adhering to traditional Breton agricultural practices.
Missionary work
Ordained as a secular priest and later associated with the Capuchin order, Lannuzel began his missionary career in Haiti and briefly served as captain of Breton volunteers during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. In July 1880, he joined the ill-fated Port-Breton colony, founded by Charles du Breil, Marquis de Rays, in New Ireland (now Papua New Guinea). Departing from Barcelona aboard the India on 6 July 1880, he arrived on 14 October 1880 as the colony’s chaplain.
Despite celebrating the colony’s first Mass, Lannuzel quickly recognized the chaos and mismanagement within the settlement. He sought guidance from the Marist Fathers in Sydney but soon left the deteriorating colony.
In June 1881, Lannuzel moved to New Britain, where he founded the Beridni mission near Matupi, naming it Vila Maria in honor of the Marist Fathers. His efforts led to a few notable conversions, including the son of a local chief. In 1882, he returned to Europe, where he engaged with the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart in Paris and Issoudun and presented his ethnographic collections in Rome, earning significant recognition.
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78591389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orius%20minutus
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Orius minutus
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Mating
O. minutus females are functionally monandrous. Generally, females can not be inseminated by one mating; only if the first mating fails will the females choose to mate with another male. Females will refuse unwanted mating attempts by lifting their ovipositors and struggling; such behaviours suggest females control the functional monandry. The number of unique male partners does not affect fecundity, though mating with a single male decreases the hatching success of eggs. Males are polygamous and can inseminate at least three females at a rate of one female per day; the insemination ability of males persists for at least three copulations.
Unlike many members of Anthocoridae, traumatic insemination does not occur within O. minutus. Males instead employ extragenital insemination to transfer spermatozoa into the female's body. The male's needle-like flagellum is inserted intersegmentally between the female's abdominal segments without wounding or scarring her outer body; the cone present on male genitalia assists in expanding the space between the female's lower abdominal segments. Males possess a partially sclerotized copulatory tube to support and guide the flagellum into the female's sperm pouch. The spermatozoa can remain within the sperm pouch weeks after depositing several eggs, suggesting the sperm pouch functions as a long-term storage organ. Females may be able to store spermatozoa for their entire lifetime, a consequence of functional monandry. An extragenital structure called the ectospermalege is located at the fourth segment of the female body. Underneath the ectospermalege is the mesospermalege, a special endodermal pouch that receives the spermatozoa. O. minutus females lack spermatheca, instead possessing a pair of pseudospermatheca at the base of their lateral oviducts; the pseudospermatheca receives the spermatozoa, which transfers from the mesospermalege in the hemolymph.
| 2.734375
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78591389
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orius%20minutus
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Orius minutus
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Pheromones
Contact sex pheromones are present within the trails of O. minutus. Trails left by mature virgin females aid males in locating a mate. Males will linger on leaves exposed to trails left by mature virgin females, allowing males to locate conspecific females who had recently deposited trails on the plant. Males will respond to the trails regardless of their mating experience, though only trails from mature females arrest males. Females respond with weak arrestment to the leaves walked on by males, which could further assist in finding a mate.
Effect of temperature
Although O. minutus have a higher rate of reproduction at temperatures between 17 and 26 °C, they experience a decrease in lifetime fecundity at and above temperatures of 26 °C; the reduction in fecundity at higher temperatures suggests that O. minutus are disadvantaged when experiencing wide ranges of temperatures.
Life history
O. minutus females overwinter fertilized, usually emerging from hibernation in the early spring. Males can hibernate but are unlikely to survive the winter due to their lack of diapause and inadequate lipid accumulation. Shortly after hibernation ends, eggs are deposited onto the base of developing flower buds or the midrib on the bottom of leaves.
O. minutus has five nymphal instars. The developmental time from egg to adult depends on temperature and location, though adulthood is generally reached within 24 to 30 days. O. minutus produce at least two generations annually, though up to four generations can be produced under ideal conditions. Adults collected from early spring and mid-autumn suggest O. minutus is bivoltine.
Diet
O. minutus are generalist predators of small insects, including aphids, mites, thrips, whiteflies and scales. Though chiefly predacious, O. minutus may occasionally feed on plant material and sap (e.g. the fluid produced by Eryngium campestre).
Behaviour
Foraging and flying
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78591596
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20medical%20scribe
|
Automated medical scribe
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Some vendors collect data for reuse or resale. Medical professionals are generally considered to have a duty to review the terms and conditions of the user agreement and identify such data reuse. General practices are generally required to provide information on secondary uses to patients, allow them to opt out of secondary uses, and obtain consent for each specific secondary use. Data must only be used for agreed-upon purposes.
Technology and market
The medical scribe market is, , highly competitive, with over 50 products on the market. Many of these products are just proprietary wrappers around the same LLM backends, including backends whose designers have warned they are not to be used for critical applications like medicine. Some vendors market scribes specialized to specific branches of medicine (though most target general practitioners, who make up about a third of doctors). Increasingly, vendors market their products as more than scribes, claiming that they are intelligent assistants and co-pilots to doctors. These broader uses raise more accuracy concerns. Extracting information from the conversation to autopopulate a form, for instance, may be problematic, with symptoms incorrectly auto-labelled as "absent" even if they were repeatedly discussed. Models failed to extract many indirect descriptions of symptoms, like a patient saying they could only sleep for four hours (instead of using the word "insomnia").
LLMs are not trained to produce facts, but things which look like facts. The use of templates and rules can make them more reliable at extracting semantic information, but "confabulations" or "hallucinations" (convincing but wrong output) are an intrinsic part of the technology.
| 2.09375
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78591894
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organomagnesium%20chemistry
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Organomagnesium chemistry
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Organomagnesium chemistry, a subfield of organometallic compounds, refers to the study of magnesium compounds that contains Mg-C bonds. Magnesium is the second element in group 2 (alkaline earth metals), and the ionic radius of Mg2+ is 86 pm, which is larger than Be2+ (59 pm) and smaller than the heavier alkaline earth metal dications (Ca2+ 114 pm, Sr2+ 132 pm, Ba2+ 149 pm), in accordance with periodic trends. Magnesium is less covalent compared to beryllium, and the radius is not large enough for accommodating large number of ligands compared to calcium, strontium and barium. Thus, organomagnesium compounds exhibit unique structure and reactivity in group 2.
The most important type of organomagnesium compound is the Grignard reagents, which are widely used in different fields of synthetic chemistry, especially in organic synthesis, for Grignard reagents serves as a robust source of carbanion. Although most other directions in organomagnesium chemistry are mainly limited to research interest, some areas, such as their application in catalysis and materials, are fast developing. Although most characterized Mg(I) and Mg(0) compounds do not contain Mg-C bonds, which means they cannot be rigorously categorized as organomagnesium compounds, they will be briefly discussed at the end of this page because of their great importance.
Carbon as anionic σ-ligand
Grignard reagents (RMgX)
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78591929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heman%20Bekele
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Heman Bekele
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Bekele’s research progressed significantly with the mentorship of Deborah Isabelle, a product engineering specialist from 3M, and a collaboration with Vito Rebecca, a molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. In 2024, he began conducting clinical trials on mice to further test the soap's efficacy.
Bekele presented to over 8,000 attendees at the National Academy of Future Physicians and Medical Scientists in Boston. He received the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes in 2024, which provided a $10,000 grant to support his research. He was named Time Kid of the Year in 2024.
As of 2024, Bekele's long-term goals include obtaining U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for his soap and founding a nonprofit to distribute it globally by 2028.
Bekele's work has been generally well-received, but some critics point out that he has not followed standard scientific practices, such as publishing in peer-reviewed journals. This makes it difficult to assess the true impact of his research. Available information suggests that the key active ingredient, imiquimod, has been used for years in topical treatments, such as creams, for skin cancer. Therefore, the concept itself is not entirely new. What appears to be innovative is the use of imiquimod in soap and the incorporation of "lipid nanoparticles." However, there is currently no concrete evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in humans.
| 2.0625
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78592047
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima%20Mao
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Sima Mao
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Sima Mao (; died 14 July 311), courtesy name Kongwei (孔伟), was the youngest son of Sima Wang, Prince Cheng of Yiyang, and a grandson of Sima Fu, Prince Xian of Anping and a younger brother of Sima Yi, regent of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms era. Besides his heritage, Sima Mao was best known for his friendship with his second cousin Sima Yao, despite the great difference in their ages, as well as his support for some of Emperor Hui's regents during the War of the Eight Princes. Eventually, Sima Mao died during the Disaster of Yongjia in July 311.
Background and life under Emperor Wu
Sima Mao was born to Sima Wang in an unknown year as the youngest of four sons. His first recorded post was as a military officer under either Sima Shi or Sima Zhao, who like their father Sima Yi were also regents of the Cao Wei state. When his second cousin Sima Yan (son of Sima Zhao) usurped the throne from Cao Huan in February 266, Sima Mao, together with his elder brother Sima Hong (司马洪; father of Sima Wei), father, uncles and grandfather, were made princes on 9 February. Sima Mao's title was the Prince of Dongping and his fief consisted of 3097 households. Sima Wang died in August 271, while Sima Fu died in April the following year. Sima Hong died on 7 March 276.
During Emperor Hui's reign
In May 290, Emperor Wu died. Emperor Wu's successor, Emperor Hui was developmentally disabled; his reign saw a series of regents who ruled on his behalf. During the regency of Yang Jun, father of Emperor Wu's second empress Empress Yang Zhi, Sima Mao supported Yang. This caused Mao great trouble when Yang was overthrown in April 291. Mao was supposed to be executed, but due to his friendship with Sima Yao, he was spared. This friendship turned out to be a double-edged sword; when Sima Yao was removed from his post on 12 May, Mao was also implicated and forced to his fiefdom. While at his fiefdom, Sima Mao was recorded to engage in business; he was also extravagant and enjoyed privileges beyond what his rank entitled him to.
| 1.914063
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78592157
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Admiral%20Rodney
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Portrait of Admiral Rodney
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Portrait of Admiral Rodney or Admiral Rodney at the Battle of the Saintes is a 1783 portrait painting by the English artist Thomas Gainsborough featuring the British admiral George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney. It depicts his April 1782 victory at the Battle of the Saintes in the Caribbean Sea during the American War of Independence. Rodney led the Royal Navy to a decisive victory over the French fleet commanded by the Comte de Grasse by "breaking the line". Rodney is shown on the deck of the de Grasse's captured flagship Ville de Paris with the ship's Fleur-de-lis ensign behind him, as smoke from the battle swirls in the background. In 1788 the artist's nephew Gainsborough Dupont produced a mezzotint based on the picture.
Rodney was also notably painted by Gainsborough's contemporary and rival, Joshua Reynolds, who exhibited his painting at the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition in 1789. Reynolds similarly included action from the Battle of the Saintes in the background. Commissioned by the Prince of Wales, it remains today in the Royal Collection. A later copy is in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich.
| 2.6875
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78592459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Walters
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Christopher Walters
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Christopher R. Walters is an American economist, academic and author. He is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.
Walters is most known for his work in labor economics, the economics of education, and applied econometrics. His research has been published in academic journals, including the Quarterly Journal of Economics, American Economic Review, Econometrica, and Journal of Political Economy. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a research fellow at the Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), and a co-Editor of the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.
Education
Walters completed his B.A. in Economics and Philosophy from the University of Virginia in 2008. Later in 2013, he obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Career
Walters began his academic career in 2013 as an assistant professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He was promoted to associate professor of economics in 2018 and professor of economics in 2024 at the same institution.
| 2.0625
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78592678
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile%20acid%20synthesis%20disorders
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Bile acid synthesis disorders
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Bile acid synthesis disorders (BASDs) are rare metabolic disorders characterized by defects in the synthesis of bile acids, which are crucial for cholesterol breakdown and the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. These disorders can lead to the accumulation of abnormal bile acids and intermediary metabolites, causing damage to various organs.
Classification
Bile Acid Synthesis Disorders are classified into two main categories: primary and secondary disorders, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes.
Primary Bile acid synthesis disorders
Primary BASDs result from genetic mutations affecting enzyme directly involved in the biosynthetic pathways of bile acids. These disorders are typically autosomal recessive and lead to the production of atypical bile acids, causing liver dysfunction and other systemic effects. Some of the key primary BASDs include:
3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid Oxidoreductase Deficiency: caused by mutations in the HSD3B7 gene.
Δ4-3-Oxosteroid 5β-Reductase Deficiency|Δ4-3-Oxosteroid 5β-Reductase Deficieny: results from mutations in the AKR1D1 gene (previously known as SRD5B1).
Sterol 27-Hydroxylase Deficiency (Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis): Caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene.
Oxysterol 7α-Hydroxylase Deficiency: involves mutations in the CYP7B1 gene.
Secondary Bile acid synthesis disorders
Secondary BASDs are not caused by defects in bile acid synthesis enzymes but result from issues related to bile acid transport, metabolism, or supply of cholesterol precursors. These can be due to:
Bile acid transporter defects
| 2.515625
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78592686
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnocalycium%20schroederianum
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Gymnocalycium schroederianum
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Gymnocalycium schroederianum is a species of Gymnocalycium from Argentina and Uruguay.
Description
Gymnocalycium schroederianum has a dark grey-green, depressed-spherical stem, reaching up to 7 cm tall and 14 cm wide, with about 24 broad, rounded ribs divided by prominent tubercles. It features around seven radial spines, initially pale yellow and later ash-grey with red bases, varying in length, with the longest spine typically reaching the areole below. Flowers bloom near the apex, are bell- or funnel-shaped, about 70 mm long and 55 mm wide, with a slender tube adorned with olive-green, white-edged kidney-shaped scales, and pale greenish-white or yellowish-green perianth segments. The plant blooms readily from June through autumn, even as a young seedling, and produces narrowly pear-shaped, pale grey-green fruits around 25 mm long, containing matte black seeds.
Distribution
This species is found growing in woodlands and open forest growing in clay soil in Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos, Argentina and in Río Negro, Uruguay at elevations between 100 and 500 meters.
Taxonomy
Gymnocalycium schroederianum was described by Cornelius Osten and published in Anales Museo Nacional Montevideo in 1941. The plant's name is derives from the Greek, γυμνός (gymnos) for "naked" and κάλυξ (kalyx) for "calyx" = "naked calyx", where it refers to the fact that the flower buds have neither hairs nor thorns.
| 1.984375
| 0
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78592881
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipophorin
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Lipophorin
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Lipophorin is a lipid-carrying protein of insects, first identified in 1981, and is the major lipoprotein in the plasma of insects. Lipophorin has been identified in all insect species, in every life stage. Recently, additional nomenclature has been introduced to designate specific lipophorin subspecies that differ in lipid and/or apoprotein content. The concentration of lipophorin subspecies (HDLp and LDLp) changes can be considered to reflect the physiological state of the organism with respect to lipid metabolism. The versatility of this particle concerning its lipid binding capacity may be unparalleled in nature.
Biosynthesis
Lipophorins are synthesized in fat body and secreted into hemolymph. In larval Manduca sexta, nascent lipophorin particles were synthesized from fat body cells and they associate with phospholipid to form a nascent Very High Density Lipophorin (VHDLp), which is essentially devoid of diacylglycerol. The VHDLp is then secreted into the hemolymph, where it later interacts with the mid gut to load DAG, which is derived from dietary lipids. The maturation of lipophorin into circulating High Density Lipophorin (HDLp) results in a density shift from 1.26 to 1.15 g/ml with no change in apoprotein content. The lipophorin contains two structural apolipoproteins, derived from ApoLp-II/I precursor by enzymatic cleavage (furin). Furin is a member of the proprotein convertase family of subtilisin like serine endoproteases that is mainly active in the trans-Golgi network. The favored consensus substrate sequence for furin, R-X-K/R-R, is present in all precursor sequences characterized to date. In agreement with the activity of furin, Locusta migratoria ApoLp II/I precursor appears to be cleaved C-terminal of its furin substrate sequence, RQKR, as indicated by the N-terminal sequence of ApoLp I.
Structure
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78593040
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashton%20v.%20Cameron%20County%20Water%20Improvement%20District%20No.%201
|
Ashton v. Cameron County Water Improvement District No. 1
|
In a majority opinion by Justice James C. McReynolds, the Supreme Court reversed the Circuit Court and held the bankruptcy courts could not have jurisdiction over state entities. In McReynolds's view, allowing a state corporation to use the bankruptcy process would have been tantamount to allowing the government to break a contract without proper compensation to the creditors. McReynolds made a federalism argument that it could not be a valid exercise of the Bankruptcy Clause because it was inappropriate to use the federal system's bankruptcy power to interfere with and change the conditions of state agencies.
Significance
The Court decided Ashton towards the end of the Lochner era and in direct opposition to the New Deal's reforms to the bankruptcy system. In response to Ashton and similar cases, President Franklin D. Roosevelt began threatening to pack the court with new justices who would approve the reforms. After the so-called "switch in time that saved nine," the Supreme Court de-emphasized the economic analyses that motivated Ashton.
Aftermath
Congress passed a revised Municipal Bankruptcy Act in 1937. The Supreme Court upheld its constitutionality in United States v. Bekins. Today, municipal bankruptcies are handled under Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code.
| 2.296875
| 0
|
78593119
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%C3%ABlla%20Tricheux
|
Noëlla Tricheux
|
Noëlla Tricheux (born in Havana on 17 October 1906 and died in Toulouse in 1988) was a French anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist activist. The daughter of Paule and Alphonse Tricheux, both anarchist activists, she followed in their footsteps by engaging in the French anarchist movement.
She accompanied her mother during her experiment in Puigcerdà during the Spanish Civil War. There, both participated in organizing the self-managed commune based on anarchist principles.
Biography
Noëlla Elvire Tricheux was born in Havana on 17 October 1906 to Paule Tricheux and her partner, Alphonse Tricheux. Both were already activists, and the Tricheux family is well-known within the French anarchist movement. The family left France for Cuba in 1905, shortly before Noëlla's birth, and returned to France in 1919. Like her mother, Noëlla joined the anarchist group Bien-être et Liberté in Toulouse. She later married Alexandre Durand, another anarcho-syndicalist, and the couple had a son together, Élie Floréal.
In 1936, Noëlla Tricheux traveled to Puigcerdà with her son, her parents, and some of her siblings to take part in the anarchist experiment underway in the city, which was then under the control of the CNT-FAI. She was arrested by communists at the end of this episode, along with the entire Tricheux family, and spent some time in captivity. The entire family was recorded in the files of the French Renseignements généraux (RGs) in 1940.
She died in Toulouse in 1988.
| 2.0625
| 0
|
78593124
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20Philip%20Gell
|
Portrait of Philip Gell
|
The picture broke new ground for the artist as his first notable portrait of full-length format to place a sitter in a relatively informal pose in a country setting. In this Reynolds was not only formulating an appropriate way of expressing Gell's social position as a country gentleman, as opposed to the more formal approach he had adopted for portraits of his aristocratic patrons, but also seems to have been reacting to the challenge set by the work of his contemporary and soon to be rival Thomas Gainsborough. As Nicholas Penny comments, Gainsborough perfected this genre of portrait in his full-length of William Poyntz(Althorp). Like Gell, Poyntz is shown in the country in an informal and naturalistic pose with a gun in his hand and a dog at his feet. E K Waterhouse considered Reynolds's portrait of Gell 'a deliberate answer to Gainsborough's William Poyntz', commenting that 'Reynolds was exceedingly sensitive to competition and was determined to beat every competitor at his own game-first Ramsay, then Gainsborough.' However, as David Mannings observes, 'the evidence of the pocket books suggests that Reynolds had already begun this picture before Gainsborough's was exhibited in 1762' which suggests a less linear level of influence at play. More recently Hugh Belsey argued that it was in fact Gainsborough who drew inspiration from the Gell portrait and 'it seems likely on visual evidence that Gainsborough saw Reynolds's portrait of Philip Gell painted in 1760-61. Gainsborough includes the same elements as the Gell portrait rearranging them to show his merits as a landscapist and colourist and adapting the position of the gun.'(Gainsborough owned at least sixty prints after portraits by Reynolds and was never above borrowing ideas from his rival.)
| 1.9375
| 0
|
78593815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari%20Senju
|
Hikari Senju
|
Hikari Senju is a Japanese-American entrepreneur, founder and CEO of the artificial intelligence (AI) company Omneky.
Biography
Hikari Senju grew up in Chappaqua, New York and went to Horace Greeley High School. Senju studied computer science with a focus on AI and machine learning at Harvard University, where he earned his degree in 2015. During his studies, he also cross-registered for courses at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
While studying at Harvard, Senju co-founded education technology startup Quickhelp, a platform designed to provide on-demand tutoring services. Quickhelp was later acquired by Yup.com in 2017, where he served as Head of Growth until 2018.
In 2018, Senju founded Omneky, an ad-tech platform provider based in San Francisco, California. The company leverages machine learning and large language models (LLMs) to generate and optimize ad campaigns.
In November 2024, Enterprise World recognized Hikari Senju as one of the most visionary business leaders to watch in 2024.
| 1.921875
| 0
|
78593882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilegia%20%C3%97%20cottia
|
Aquilegia × cottia
|
Aquilegia × cottia is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to the Alps of Italy and Austria. It is a natural hybrid of Aquilegia alpina and Aquilegia atrata.
Description
Aquilegia × cottia is intermediate in form between its parent species A. alpina and A. atrata. Its leaves are blue-green underneath as in A. atrata, but more numerous and with more deeply notched tips. It has light purple-brown flowers with hooked nectar spurs, rounded at the end as in A. alpina rather than cut off almost straight like A. atrata. The anthers are yellow and almost as long as the petals.
Taxonomy
Aquilegia × cottia was formally described in 1912 (published 1913) by the German botanist Rudolf Beyer, from specimens taken by the Italian botanist Edouard Rostan from the "Waldensian valleys" (the valleys of the Germanasca and Pellice rivers, known as a refuge for the Waldensians from the 12th century onwards) in the Cottian Alps in northwest Italy. Beyer noted that natural hybrids of Aquilegia were rare as it was very unusual for multiple species to grow near each other, but in this case adjacent populations of A. alpina and A. atrata had naturally hybridised. Rostan initially named the plant Aquilegia alpino-atrata after its parent species.
Etymology
The specific epithet cottia is taken from the Cottian Alps where the species was first discovered.
Distribution and habitat
Aquilegia × cottia is native to the Alps of Italy and Austria.
Conservation
, the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
| 2.65625
| 0
|
78594294
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosma%20arhinia%20microphthalmia%20syndrome
|
Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome
|
Bosma arhinia microphthalmia ayndrome' (BAMS), Hyposmia-nasal and ocular hypoplasia-hypogonadotropic hypogonadism syndrome, or just Bosma syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by nasal and ocular abnormalities, often accompanied by endocrine dysfunction.
Presentation
The typical indicator of BAMS is arrhinia, characterized by the complete absence of an external nose or, in some cases, a severely underdeveloped (hypoplastic) nose. This is often accompanied by the absence of olfactory bulb, leading to impaired smell (hyposmia or anosmia) and taste (ageusia). Patients typically exhibit microphthalmia (abnormally small eyeballs) or anophthalmia (absence of eyeballs), resulting in severe vision impairment or blindness. Additional eye abnormalities may include colobomas, cataracts, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Common craniofacial abnormalities include a high-arched or cleft palate, absence of paranasal sinuses, choanal atresia, and a hypoplastic maxilla. Some patients may also present with external ear abnormalities. BAMS is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, leading to absent or delayed puberty and sexual development. This can manifest as underdeveloped genitals in males and lack of breast development or menstruation in females. Despite the severe craniofacial abnormalities, patients with BAMS typically have normal cognition and intellectual abilities.
| 2.390625
| 0
|
78594804
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Picher%E2%80%93Neosho%20tornado
|
2008 Picher–Neosho tornado
|
At the time, the tornado was the deadliest single tornado in Missouri history since a tornado hit the St. Louis Metro area on February 10, 1959, killing twenty-six. That record stood for three years until the 2011 Joplin tornado killed 158 people.
Damage survey
Over two hundred homes were destroyed in the Picher area. Tornado damage surveyer and forensic engineer Timothy P. Marshall conducted a ground-based damage survey in the city limits of Picher, along a path. The southeastern portions of Picher were particularly hard-hit; several homes that lined South Francis Street and South Emily Street were impacted and subsequently were destroyed at EF4 intensity. The tornado retained EF4 intensity over Harrell Park, and homes that lined the wooded area were destroyed. The survey also found that the damage was either little or structures were completely destroyed as a result of sharp damage gradation.
Marshall noted that the failure and collapse of exterior walls was unusually common in homes that were hit by the tornado. It was also found that termite infestations were discovered in homes that had collapsed after the tornado; it is unknown whether termites contributed to the collapses.
EF4 rating
Preliminary information from the National Weather Service office in Springfield, Missouri, suggested the Newton County tornado was a violent tornado. The preliminary rating was EF3, but it was later upgraded to EF4 according to a later survey. The tornado continued into Barry County, where one person was killed in Purdy. In Barry County, several buildings were damaged including numerous houses, a church, four mobile homes and many outbuildings. The tornado lifted just southeast of McDowell. Debris from the storm such as letters, bills and foam traveled as far east as the Springfield area about to the east of the hardest hit region in southwestern Missouri.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
78595135
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian%20energy%20crisis
|
Iranian energy crisis
|
Despite being a country with huge oil and gas reserves Iran suffers from a severe energy crisis. The Iranian energy crisis is a multifaceted problem that has been exacerbated by a combination of factors, including bad governance, foreign policy failures, and the dominance of industries under the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). As of November 2024 Iran faces its most severe energy crisis in decades, with frequent power outages and disruptions to natural gas supplies. The country's energy infrastructure is outdated and in disrepair, with many refineries and power plants operating below capacity. Iran's energy supply is unreliable, with frequent blackouts and shortages affecting daily life, industries, and essential services. The IRGC's control over key industries, including power generation and distribution, has hindered efficient management and strategic planning. The regime's prioritization of political and economic interests over efficient management and infrastructural development has exacerbated the crisis.
Despite ongoing power shortages, Iran continues to export electricity, with a surge of nearly 92% in the first four months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
The crisis has put stop to 50% of industry.
The government was plotting to move capital from Tehran to Makran to alleviate water shortages.
In January 2025 global shutdowns were conducted with the schools.
Power shortages and energy imbalance
| 2.1875
| 0
|
78595142
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%20Theater%20%28New%20Orleans%29
|
Gem Theater (New Orleans)
|
The Gem Theater is a historic African American movie theater building in the Broadmoor neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana. The National Register of Historic Places listed the 1951 building which now houses the Zony Mash Beer Project.
History
The Gem was conceived in 1948 by the Bijou Amusement Company of Memphis, Tennessee and opened in 1951. Having a theater specifically for African-American residents in their own neighborhood meant that customers weren't relegated to one section with inferior amenities, like in segregated theaters that were ubiquitous at the time. The business plan especially called for serving tenants of the nearby B.W. Cooper Housing Development.
The front of the screen included a small stage where a number of prominent African-American performers appeared including jazz trumpeter Avery "Kid" Howard, comedian Onnie "Lollypop" Jones, and jazz singer Alton Purnell. Professional baseball player Roy "Campy" Campanella and his team members competed in a quiz show at the Gem in front of hundreds of African-American children.
As a result of new competition with recently desegregated theaters downtown, the Gem closed in 1960. Radio station WBOK bought it later that year for $65,000 to convert it into a studio, but those plans never materialized. Meyer's Auto Parts later bought the building and added a storefront facing Broad Street, using the theater space as a warehouse. Hurricane Katrina damaged the structure in 2005. The building sat vacant and, by 2014, the city scheduled it for demolition.
In 2011, the New Orleans Historic District Landmarks Commission designated the building as a municipal landmark. Gregory Ensslen, a local developer, later purchased it with a microbrewery and tap room in mind. However, at that time, the zoning laws of New Orleans did not allow such a business outside industrial areas; the city made an exception for microbreweries making less than 12,500 barrels a year.
| 2.28125
| 0
|
78595145
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machiavelli%20in%20popular%20culture
|
Machiavelli in popular culture
|
Niccolò Machiavelli plays a vital role in the young adult book series The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel by Michael Scott. He is immortal, and is working in national security for the French government.
Niccolò Machiavelli aids Cesare Borgia and protagonist Nicholas Dawson in their dangerous intrigues in Cecelia Holland's 1979 historical novel City of God. David Maclaine writes that in the novel, Machiavelli "is an off-stage presence whose spirit permeates this work of intrigue and betrayal ... It is a brilliant introduction to the people and events that gave us the word 'Machiavellian.'" Machiavelli appears as an Immortal adversary of Duncan MacLeod in Nancy Holder's 1997 Highlander novel The Measure of a Man, and is a character in Michael Scott's novel series The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (2007–2012). Machiavelli is also one of the main characters in The Enchantress of Florence (2008) by Salman Rushdie, mostly referred to as "Niccolò 'il Macchia", and the central protagonist in the 2012 novel The Malice of Fortune by Michael Ennis.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
78595506
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20conquista%20la%20hicieron%20los%20indios%20y%20la%20independencia%20los%20espa%C3%B1oles
|
La conquista la hicieron los indios y la independencia los españoles
|
La conquista la hicieron los indios y la independencia los españoles ("The Indians did the conquest and the Spaniards the independence") is a popular idiom of the modern Spanish-speaking world, of discussed authorship, about the history of Hispanic America. Its meaning reflects how the Spanish conquest of America was largely carried out by Indian auxiliaries at the service of the Spanish Empire, rather than by Spaniards themselves. On the other hand, in the Spanish American wars of independence, the patriota or rebel side was mainly driven and composed by Criollo people, Spaniards born in America, often at the expense of the native or mestizo populations.
History
The idea expressed is not modern, and was acknowledged since the conquest's own times, in the 16th century. Jesuit and writer José de Acosta codified it in 1590 in his work Historia natural y moral de las Indias:
In 1963, Cristóbal L. Mendoza, grandson of the first Venezuelan president Cristóbal Mendoza, mentions the quote «la conquista la hicieron los indios y la independencia los españoles» as belonging to Mexican writer Carlos Pereyra (1871–1942). For historians José Luis Martínez and Jaime Montell, it is a quote of Mexican historian Arturo Arnaiz y Freg (1915–1980). Esteban Mira Caballos gives it to Mexican historian José Vasconcelos (1882–1959), although he believes its popularization came from Pereyra. Marcelo Gullo also attributes it to Vasconcelos.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
78595903
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma%20Peachey
|
Emma Peachey
|
Emma Peachey (died 1875) was a British artist, author and instructor who made wax models of flowers and fruit, and is sometimes considered to have re-popularised wax flowers in Victorian Britain. She benefited from royal patronage, becoming "Artiste in Wax Flowers" to Queen Victoria in 1839 and making ten thousand white wax roses for the royal wedding. A review in The Times describes her work as "perfect of its kind". Her books include the manual The Royal Guide to Wax Flower Modelling (1851), which the historian Ann B. Shteir characterises as trying to "bridge a growing divide between art and science".
Biography
Peachey (her married name) was not a botanist by formal training, and started modelling flowers in wax as a hobby. Little is known of her background but she states that her father was a British army surgeon and officer. Her opportunity arose in 1837, shortly after Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne, when she created a wax bouquet for Buckingham Palace, which found favour with the Queen. Peachey recorded that her circumstances some time afterwards changed, forcing her to attempt to make her living in London from wax modelling; in 1839 she was appointed by Royal Letters Patent as "Artiste in Wax Flowers to Her Majesty". In 1840, she made ten thousand white wax roses for the marriage of Victoria and Albert, which were distributed as bridal favours, and also replicated the royal wedding bouquets. Her business flourished as a result.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
78596050
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsadorn%C3%ADn%20Hoard
|
Valsadornín Hoard
|
The Valsadornín Hoard is a coin hoard from the Roman Hispania period (dated circa 270) found near the town of Valsadornín, in the province of Palencia, Spain.
The artifact is a 28 kg kitchen cauldron with a conical bottom, made of thin metal sheets joined by rivets. It originally had two copper-handled rivets, one remaining. Inside were approximately 11,000 antoniniani coins, identifiable by emperors with radiate crowns and empresses with crescent moons.
Discovery and excavation
Discovery
The treasure was discovered on August 19, 1937, by siblings Tomás and Eusebia Roldán while walking along the path that connected Valsadornín with Gramedo, the village where they lived. During a heavy storm, as they were crossing the area of Santa Águeda at a spot known as Valdiquecho, they stumbled upon the remains of a container protruding from the ground, containing a large number of coins. The siblings collected the treasure and brought it home. There, they confirmed it was a kind of pot filled with a cluster of oxidized coins. The entire set weighed 45 kilograms.
Excavation
The archaeological authorities of Palencia inspected the site in search of other possible remains but found none. The treasure was moved to the Museum of Palencia, though not in its entirety, as some coins were kept by the Roldán siblings themselves, as well as by residents of Cervera de Pisuerga, the governor of Valladolid, Juan Alonso-Villalobos Solórzano, and the Archaeology Department of the University of Valladolid. The treasure remained in the Museum of Palencia until 1951, when the amalgamated portion was transferred to the National Archaeological Museum (MAN) in Madrid.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
78596135
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesenatico%20Skyscraper
|
Cesenatico Skyscraper
|
The Cesenatico Skyscraper () is a high-rise residential building in Cesenatico, Italy. Originally built between 1957 and 1958, and recladded in 2009, the tower stands at tall with 35 floors and was the tallest building in Italy between 1958 and 1960.
History
Architecture
The tower was designed by the engineer Eugenio Berardi from Lugo (1921-1977) and is also known as Condominio Marinella 2 having been dedicated to his wife Marinella Ragazzini from Faenza. The previous year, again designed by Berardi, the Marinella skyscraper in Milano Marittima had been inaugurated , the fourth skyscraper built in Italy after the Piacentini Tower, the INA Tower and the Breda Tower.
The works were directed by the Marinella Real Estate Company, established by the engineer Berardi and carried out by the Edile Forlivese Cooperative, which completed the project from February 1957 to 5 August 1958. The skyscraper stands on the sand a few dozen metres from the sea.
It is currently the 20th tallest skyscraper in Italy and still one of the tallest reinforced concrete buildings. From topographic and satellite surveys carried out during the study of the renovation works, it emerged that the skyscraper leans 33 centimetres over Piazza Costa.
Renovation
It has undergone renovation work, which includes: positioning of porcelain stoneware tiles on the facades, insertion of aluminum shutters, revision of hydraulic and electrical systems, replacement of old elevators. These redevelopment works were carried out following the flooding of a floor and the generation of smoke from the elevator machine room.
Between 2003 and 2009 it was subject to complete redevelopment and consolidation works designed by the architect Giovanni Lucchi of Cesenatico and the engineers Maurizio Berlati of Cesenatico and Ivan Missiroli of Forlì.
The works involved:
| 1.90625
| 0
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78596179
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry%20in%20the%20French%20Third%20Republic
|
Freemasonry in the French Third Republic
|
Additionally, the expansion of recruitment was reflected in the relationships established between Freemasonry and the liberal political tendencies of the time, particularly Republican parties that ranged from moderate to the extreme left. The ideological evolution of the Grand Orient between 1890 and 1900 resulted in a notable shift in the Order's composition, with Radical Republicans becoming the majority. Camille Pelletan, a member of the lodge , was responsible for developing the Radical Party. The newspaper La Justice, which was directed by Georges Clemenceau (not a Freemason), promoted the party's program, which included the separation of church and state, income tax, and constitutional reform as its main objectives. In June 1901, the inaugural congress of the "Radical-Socialist Republican Party" was convened at the initiative of Gustave Mesureur, a dignitary of the Grande Loge de France, and Léon Bourgeois, a member of the Grand Orient. Although the Grand Orient's constitutions prohibited lodges from joining a political party in their official capacity, a circular issued on May 18, 1903, permitted members of the Order to form external groups to address economic and social issues. Consequently, numerous leaders and activists within the Radical Party were Freemasons affiliated with one of the two principal French obediences. A fruitful collaboration emerged between discussions held in Masonic lodges or conventions and the themes debated in Radical congresses.
| 2.40625
| 0
|
78596272
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20Moderated%20Reactor%20Experiment
|
Organic Moderated Reactor Experiment
|
Decommissioning
Immediately following final OMRE shutdown, the nuclear fuel and reactor vessel internals were removed, and the organic coolant Santowax R (a commercial name of a mixture of terphenyl and diphenyl isomers) was drained from all the systems and remained in this deactivated condition until 1977.
The facility was eventually decontaminated and decommissioned between October 1977 and September 1979. The process was complicated by the existence of some remaining toxic and flammable Santowax-R and xylene, a neutron-activated radioactive vessel emitting 350 R/h, and asbestos insulation. Furthermore, due to insufficient neutron shielding being included in the design, "an extraordinary, unexpected amount of activated rock and soil was removed.
The surface radiation of the excavation and backfill material was brought to 20 R/h or less, and the nuclide content of the backfill soil was brought below 0.5 pCi/g.
The decommissioning effort was initially estimated in 1977 to cost and take 2 years, and was completed on time and under budget, for a total cost of .
| 2.015625
| 0
|
78596300
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Vidin%20%281798%29
|
Siege of Vidin (1798)
|
The siege of Vidin was a siege by the Ottoman Empire aimed at subduing Osman Pazvantoğlu, a regional governor who had declared de facto independence and rebelled against Ottoman authority.
Background
In 1795, Osman Pazvantoğlu revolted against the Ottoman Empire. His forces consisted of mercenaries, Albanian irregulars, and Janissaries from Bosnia and Serbia. Initially, he captured much of northwest Bulgaria and conducted raids into central and eastern Rumelia, as well as parts of Wallachia and the Belgrade Pashalik.
In response, the Ottoman Empire launched a campaign with 40,000 soldiers and besieged Vidin from 1795 to 1796, but the siege failed. Pazvantoğlu's raids continued until 1797, when an Ottoman army led by Ali Pasha of Ioannina defeated his forces and restricted his control to the Vidin region.
Siege
After multiple failed campaigns against Osman Pazvantoğlu, Sultan Selim III appointed Küçük Hüseyin Pasha to lead an Ottoman army estimated between 40,000 (low end) and 100,000. This included 20,000 troops reluctantly sent by Ali Pasha of Ioannina, who hesitated to appear subservient to the Sultan, particularly in front of French observers. Ali even tried to avoid compliance by having Karpenisi residents petition the Patriarch of Constantinople, citing fears of bandits if he left the region, but his efforts were unsuccessful.
On 5 February 1798, Hüseyin’s army marched on Vidin and fully encircled it by mid-April. Hüseyin offered Pazvantoğlu terms of surrender, guaranteeing his life and dignity. Pazvantoğlu refused, reportedly stating he could defeat Hüseyin with 100,000 troops but preferred to do so with only 10,000.
| 2.15625
| 0
|
78596342
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF816
|
ZNF816
|
Zinc Finger Protein 816 (ZNF816) is a protein encoded by the ZNF816 gene, located on chromosome 19 in humans.
Gene
The ZNF816 gene is located on the minus-strand of chromosome 19, cytogenetic band 19q13.41. It spans 35,746 base pairs, from 52,927,135 to 52,962,881, containing 5 exons.
Transcripts
ZNF816 has three transcript variants, the longest is 2,711 base pairs, with 5 exons. The other two have 4 exons, while all three isoforms encode 651 amino acids. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of is consistent across all three isoforms.
Proteins
The product protein of the ZNF816 gene is 651 amino acids in length, with a predicted molecular weight of 75.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.44.
Domains
ZNF816 has a Krüppel-associated box, which is characterized by a KRAB domain and an array of fifteen C2H2 Zinc fingers. This domain suppresses transcription by recruiting co-repressor proteins, which create heterochromatin, blocking RNA polymerase from accessing the gene. The amino acid sequence includes six disordered regions, and eight protein binding sites.
Structure
The predicted secondary structure of ZNF816 from AlphaFold consists of mainly alpha helices, from the C2H2 zinc finger motifs. The tertiary structure of ZNF816 was predicted by iTasser and annotated (Icn3D) according to the characteristics of other zinc finger proteins and prominent domains.
Gene Level Regulation
ZNF816 shows a moderately variable expression pattern, with detectable levels in most tissues. While some tissues, like the adrenal gland, testes, thyroid, and salivary gland, exhibit relatively higher expression, ZNF816 is generally expressed across a wide range of tissues.
RNA-Seq Data
RNA-seq data confirm that ZNF816 is broadly expressed at varying levels across tissues. In normal tissues, it shows moderate to high mRNA levels, suggesting consistent transcriptional activity. Data from 20 human tissues further support the gene's widespread expression, with some variability in transcription levels.
| 1.960938
| 0
|
78596569
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehigh%20Valley%20Association%20of%20Independent%20Colleges
|
Lehigh Valley Association of Independent Colleges
|
The Lehigh Valley Association of Independent Colleges (LVAIC) is an academic consortium between 6 independent Colleges in the Lehigh Valley: Lehigh University, Lafayette College, Cedar Crest College, Moravian University, DeSales University, and Muhlenberg College.
History
The LVAIC was founded in 1969 following a meeting of the six presidents of its member institutions.
Moravian promotes the LVAIC and its programs, mostly due to the school's close collaboration with Lehigh through the program. Due to the similarity of the school's schedules, and their close proximity, LVAIC allows many Moravian students to take classes at Lehigh that would otherwise be unavailable at Moravian.
In 1984 the LVAIC created the Lehigh Valley Center for Jewish Studies to create a central Jewish studies institution to develop and administer courses across LVAIC member schools.
In 2011 the LVAIC offered joint study abroad programs, sending students from various member schools to Italy as part of an Italian language class.
In 2012 the LVAIC partnered with Lehigh university with a $275,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Commerce to support entrepreneurship in the Lehigh Valley.
In 2016 the LVAIC website would be totally redesigned by the Allentown based KDG group to better represent the LVAIC online, and make the website easier to use for students.
In 2017 the LVAIC partnered with the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to hold an art competition where students from the 6 member colleges could compete in an art consortium to "explore life" in the Lehigh Valley with a prize of $950,000. Lafayette would win the grant which would be used to build their William C. Buck Hall.
| 2.1875
| 0
|
78596905
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Navarro%20Nogueroles
|
Manuel Navarro Nogueroles
|
The 1948–49 season
At the beginning of the 1948–49 season, Navarro Nogueroles provided the financial support to cover the costs of the three reinforcements asked by Urquiri, to play as goalkeeper, Manuel González as a defender, and Castor Elzo, a veteran who had helped him in the promotion of Coruña. During the first half of the season, Málaga averaged three goals per game, but despite this, the president decided to look for two other forwards, including Manolo Jimeno, who was introduced in a friendly match against UD Melilla. The highlight of this match was the unexpected presence of Navarro Nogueroles, who positioned himself as a photographer behind the goals to 'catch' the plays of the new Malaga player; neither before nor after, a president dedicated himself to collecting testimony of the good things that the new signing did.
Málaga finished the 1948–49 season as the team with the fewest goals conceded and only six losses on its way to promotion, which was achieved on the last matchday with a 5–1 away victory over Racing de Ferrol to finish level on points with both Real Sociedad and Granada, but ahead of the latter on head-to-head goal difference. Therefore, on 17 April 1949, Navarro Nogueroles became the first Málaga president to be promoted to the First Division of Spanish football, doing so within eight years into Málaga's existence. This promotion brought joy to the Malaga fans at the end of the 1940s, a period in which the city was still very impoverished, with many people suffering from poverty and lack of means, so the celebrations were therefore apotheotic, and at the Málaga headquarters, in Plaza de Uncibay, Navarro Nogueroles addressed a few words from a balcony to the thousands of people gathered in the square.
| 2.25
| 0
|
78597150
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilegia%20daingolica
|
Aquilegia daingolica
|
Aquilegia daingolica is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, endemic to Mongolia. The plant's flowers are blue or violet-blue.
The species was first described in 2013, with a paratype collected in 1906 and its type specimen collected from Dayan Lake in Mongolia in 1909.
Description
Aquilegia daingolica is a perennial herb growing to high, with upright stems branching towards the top and covered in glandular hairs. The basal leaves are long and biternate or ternate, and the leaf stalks are covered with simple or glandular hairs and measure long. The flowers face upwards or sideways, have a downy surface, and measure long by wide. The sepals are oval with pointed ends, blue or violet-blue, and long, and the petals are two-coloured, light blue to violet at the base and white or light blue at the tips. The nectar spurs are blue and long, tapering uniformly in width and mostly straight, bent inward toward the tip and with a blackish, clublike end. The stamens are dark-coloured.
The type specimen was collected between 27 and 29 July 1909 by by Dayan Lake in Mongolia; a specimen that was later identified as a paratype was collected in 1906. It was formally described by Andrey Erst and Dmitri Shaulo in 2013. The species is a stabilized ancient hybrid of Aquilegia glandulosa, Aquilegia oxysepala, and probably Aquilegia sibirica. It is similar in its flowers and fruit aggregates to A. glandulosa and in its dark anthers and black clublike spur tips to A. oxysepala, but the form of its spurs differentiates it from all other Asian forms of Aquilegia.
Aquilegia daingolica is endemic to the steppe habitat of the western slopes of Dayan Lake in northwestern Mongolia. The specific epithet daingolica is taken from the placename "Daingol", another name for Dayan Lake in Mongolia. , the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.
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78597954
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Wyles
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Thomas Wyles
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Thomas Wyles (22 March 1818 – 16 November 1914) was an English schoolmaster and vegetarianism activist. He was the owner of Allesley Park College in Warwickshire.
Career
Wyles became active in the temperance movement from 1838 and was a pioneer of the United Kingdom Alliance. He was president of the Coventry Temperance Society. He was schoolmaster at Primrose Hill House in Coventry and in 1848 purchased Allesley Park College where he conducted a large resident school until 1886. He moved to Buxton in 1888 and to King's Newton in 1908.
At the age of 91 he guided a group of friends up the Matterhorn in Switzerland. At the age of 92, Wyles stated that he was doing three or four hours hard laborious gardening every day. He was active in his garden until a few days before his death at the age of 96.
Family
He married Ann Mary Foord in 1839 at St. Mary's Parish Church, Chatham. They had eight children.
Vegetarianism
Wyles was a vegetarian for health reasons. He stated that he became a vegetarian to prolong his life. He commented that he consumed nut butter instead of butter from cows and that he lived on a simple diet of brown bread, fruits and vegetables. He liked to eat boiled cabbage. He was a member of the Vegetarian Society and in 1910 was a speaker at their anniversary conference.
Selected publications
The Duty of the Schoolmaster: In Relation to the Formation of Character (1865)
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78597980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Museum%20of%20Novi%20Sad
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City Museum of Novi Sad
|
The City Museum of Novi Sad (; ; ; ) founded in 1954, is a complex city museum focusing on Novi Sad's, capital of the province of Vojvodina in Serbia, development from its origins to the modern era. It consists of several departments, including Archaeology, History, Cultural History, Ethnology, and a Regional Gallery for contemporary art.
The museum includes several branches: the central building at the Upper Plateau of Petrovaradin Fortress, Zmaj Museum in Sremska Kamenica (since 1956), the Regional Collection in Sremski Karlovci (since 1963), and the Collection of Foreign Art in the legacy of Dr. Branko Ilić in Dunavska Street (since 1967). The central building of the museum is located at the upper plateau of Petrovaradin Fortress, in a structure known as the Topovnjača or Mamulina Barracks, built in 1775 as a one-story military barracks.
History
The museum was established on 22 October 1954. Branko Ilić, a gynecologist and former mayor of Novi Sad (1936–1938), left a legacy of artistic works, furniture, and other valuables, which he donated to the city in 1966.
| 2.1875
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78598271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autistic%20supremacism
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Autistic supremacism
|
Autistic community writer and organizer Fergus Murray elaborated that while Asperger advocated positively for certain autistic individuals he deemed valuable to society, his approach generally reinforced problematic hierarchies among disabled people. He and The Independent Washington bureau chief Eric Garcia believed that the development of autism supremacist attitudes often stemmed from experiences of social exclusion and discrimination, with some autistic individuals potentially developing such beliefs as a coping mechanism in response to bullying or isolation. They noted that autistic supremacism found particular resonance within certain technology industry circles, where it sometimes aligns with "tech bro" mentalities that emphasize individual genius and technological solutions over collective approaches.
Criticism
Autism and disability researchers and writers have criticized the ideology for potentially reinforcing broader societal discrimination and exclusion. Many noted correlations between autism supremacy and other supremacist ideologies such as eugenics and scientific racism, engrained in common underlying patterns of hierarchical thinking.
For Virginia Tech disability researcher Paul Heilker, who cited the existence of Aspie supremacism in 2012, the ideology was originally an attempt to define an autistic identity specifically by whiteness. Autism researchers Sara Acevedo and Suzanne Stoltz linked the movement to the "misuses of neurodiversity", and argued that it has its roots in white supremacist ideology, colonialism, and capitalist systems that "reinforces the archetype of the productive, neoliberal citizen".
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78598274
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Mercado
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Jesse Mercado
|
Jesse Eugenio Mercado (born June 6, 1951) is the first bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Parañaque.
Biography
Mercado was born on June 6, 1951, in Caloocan. He studied at St. Joseph School and completed his philosophical and theological formation at the Jesuit-run San Jose Seminary. After becoming a priest, he took his licentiate in theology at the Angelicum in Rome (1981–1984).
He was ordained to the priesthood on March 19, 1977, for the Archdiocese of Manila. There, he served as assistant parish priest of San Isidro Labrador Parish in Pasay (1977), spiritual director at the San Pablo Regional Seminary (1977–1979), director of the Pre-College Department of the San Carlos Seminary (1979–1981), professor of theology at the San Carlos Seminary (1985–1988), rector of the Holy Apostles Seminary (1988–1994), and rector of the Pontificio Collegio Filippino (1994–1997).
Pope John Paul II named him as titular bishop of Talaptula and auxiliary bishop of Manila on February 25, 1997, and was ordained on March 31 of the same year.
Pope John Paul II subsequently appointed him as the first and founding bishop of the Diocese of Parañaque on 7 December 2002 and formally installed on 28 January 2003.
| 2.203125
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78599156
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj%20al-Din%20al-Makhzumi
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Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi
|
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi (Arabic: سراج الدين المخزومي; d. circa 1480) was a 15th-century Muslim scholar and a disciple of contemporary scholar Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini. He was a follower of the Rifa'i order of Sufism and espoused the ideas of the famous Sufi philosopher, Ibn Arabi.
Life
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi was born in the city of Wasit in 1391 but stayed in Damascus for a while before he travelled to Egypt to study. In Egypt, he studied under Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini. However, al-Bulqini would later become a disciple of al-Makhzumi instead, after al-Makhzumi initiated him into the Rifa'i order. After al-Makhzumi had performed the Hajj pilgrimage, he returned to Baghdad where he stayed for the rest of his life.
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi acquired a large following during his stay in Baghdad. He died there in 1480 and was buried in a mosque named after him. According to Abu al-Huda al-Sayyadi, the reason for al-Makhzumi's fame may be due to his mother being from a household of prominence in Iraq.
Views
Takfir (excommunication)
Siraj al-Din al-Makhzumi followed the view of al-Shafi'i regarding takfir (excommunication). He agreed that the Khawarij are Muslims and are not excluded by takfir, nor are the Mu'tazilites or the Murji'ah. He also explained the terminology of "people of whims" as referring to the aforementioned groups.
Ibn Arabi
He was a staunch defender of the views and doctrine of the Andalusian philosopher and Sufi mystic, Ibn Arabi. Amongst his writings is the Kashf al-Ghita' an Asrar al-Kalam al-Shaykh Muhyi al-Din, a treatise which contains a defense of Ibn Arabi against accusations of pantheism and polytheism.
One of his students recorded the following statement from him:
Writings
Sahih al-Akhbar: A genealogical work on the lineage of those descended from Fatima daughter of Muhammad
Kashf al-Ghita' an Asrar al-Kalam al-Shaykh Muhyi al-Din: A treatise defending Ibn Arabi from accusations of pantheism and other heresies.
| 2.171875
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78599325
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%20and%20the%20Russian%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine
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India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
|
Technology
In September 2024, it was revealed that the Russian Federation had been covertly purchasing components for its arms industry from India. In October 2022, the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, which is responsible for national defense production, developed confidential plans to spend about 82 billion rupees (about US$1 billion) on the purchase of critical electronic components through channels in India that were hidden from Western governments. Customs records indicated that India also supplied electronic equipment to the Russian Federation which including UAVs and components for radio-electronic systems.
In October 2024, it became known that India has increased exports of critical sanctioned technologies to Russia, according to information from Bloomberg. The volume of Indian exports of goods subject to restrictions (including integrated circuits and machine tools) to Russia exceeded $60 million per month in April and May, twice as much as in previous months of 2024. In July, this amount reached $95 million, becoming the second-largest volume of such exports, surpassed only by China.
| 2.125
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78599622
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%20Na%20Lee
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Mai Na Lee
|
Aline Lo in Lateral says that Mai Na Lee's work has steered the fields of Hmong American and Asian American scholarship away from "[making] Hmong people primitive objects to be classified and explained away." Erika Lee for Journal of Asian American Studies lists Mai Na Lee as part of the "first generation of Hmong American scholars". Lee was also "perhaps the first Hmong woman scholar to explore the role of Hmong women as indirect political and economic influencers" according to Kalia Vang.
Mai Na Lee's work challenges the "essentializing narrative" that equates Hmong Americans and Hmong history with the Secret War in Laos. In The Routledge Handbook of Refugee Narratives, Lo notes: "Lee also credits this narrow understanding of Hmong history to the success of Jane Hamilton's Tragic Mountains as it helped expose the Secret War to a wider public". Choua P. Xiong and Kaozong N. Mouavangsou write that early scholarship on Hmong people "has historically privileged colonial and imperial" perspectives and that "early [Hmong-perspective] scholars" such as Mai Na Lee have contributed to undoing the narrative that Hmong are "rebels, troublemakers, and national threats".
Lee has also criticized the motto "Hmong means free", arguing it "essentializes Hmong identity and echoes colonial attitudes". Although publishing a positive review of The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, she similarly critiques the book for "defining a culture by a history of persecution and a resistance to assimilation".
Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom
| 2.109375
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78599622
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%20Na%20Lee
|
Mai Na Lee
|
Lee's 2015 book is Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom: The Quest for Legitimation in French Indochina, 1850-1960 (), based on her University of Wisconsin–Madison doctorate thesis "The Dream of the Hmong Kingdom: Resistance, Collaboration, and Legitimacy Under French Colonialism (1893–1955)" (). Dreams of the Hmong Kingdom uses oral history and archival material to explain the history of Laotian Hmong leadership beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, focusing on Hmong politics and alternative leaders such as Vue Pa Chay. It argues Hmong leaders used different methods of asserting legitimacy to rule, including the "mandate of heaven", which Lee says is a Hmong political ideology borrowing from historical Han Chinese Confucian concepts. Under the mandate, the right to rule comes from heaven, and a Hmong leader who is able to establish a kingdom must have their power granted by heaven.
Dreams also records Hmong oral accounts of their migration to Laos in the 19th century. Additional Hmong historical figures covered in the book include Xiong Mi Chang, Pa Tsi, Blia Yao, French military officer Henri Roux, Ly Foung, and Touby Lyfoung.
| 1.960938
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78599622
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai%20Na%20Lee
|
Mai Na Lee
|
For Asian Studies Review Hjorleifur Jonsson says that Lee's scholarship "raised the bar" for study on Southeast Asian highland areas. Alex Hopp for Hmong Studies Journal calls it a "seminal history of the Hmong under French rule". Lee used sources in multiple languages to "stellar effect" according to Christian C. Lentz. "Arguing that Hmong peoples never escaped from the state but rather continuously negotiate with it, historian Mai Na Lee represents the best of these debates and delivers original and lasting insights into highlands peoples often written about but still poorly understood. Her book’s fascinating analysis of Hmong politics and society significantly enriches scholarly understandings of the fraught relations between Hmong peoples, French colonial rule, and the Indochina Wars." Lentz's review for Journal of Vietnamese Studies concludes: "this remarkable history deserves a wide readership." Seb Rumsby finds Lee's dynamic between a messianic and state-backed political broker to be a "useful model". Jean Michaud says coverage of the few known records of Hmong leader Vue Pa Chay is academically rigorous. CHOICE recommends the book for graduate-level and faculty.
While they praised the book, Bradley C. Davis in Journal of Asian Studies found some of the language and translation into English "jarring" and Chia Youyee Vang notes that Lee "refrains from making critical statements about leaders from the Lee clan." "The book’s shortcomings are reflective of and situated within the challenge of doing Hmong oral history as a native researcher and a member of the Lee [Ly] clan" observed Nengher N. Vang for Hmong Studies Journal.
| 2.0625
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78599749
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Xuejun%20%28painter%29
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Chen Xuejun (painter)
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Chen Xuejun (Taiwanese Hokkien: Tân Soat-kun, c. 1912–?), born in Dadaocheng, Jiancheng Ding, First Street, Taipei, was a Taiwanese Nihonga (Japanese-style painting) artist.
Life
Chen Xuejun was born around 1912 in Dadaocheng, Taipei. Her father, Chen Qiumu, served as an instructor at Dadaocheng Public School (now Taiping Elementary School) from 1911 to 1914 and later worked in the Industrial and Commercial Division of the Governor-General's Colonial Affairs Bureau. Although detailed information about her family is limited, her father’s profession and educational background suggest that Chen Xuejun came from a middle-class family. For high school, she attended Taipei Third High School for Girls (now Taipei Municipal Zhongshan Girls High School), where she studied under , an artist who emphasized Sketch (drawing). She graduated in 1930 as part of the first graduating class and then continued her studies at a Women’s Higher College.In August 1931, Chen Xuejun participated in her first art exhibition, serving as a model for Ichiki Shiori, a Japanese mainland female artist. Chen’s work, Flower Shadows, was selected for the Eastern Painting Division of the 5th Taiwan Fine Arts Exhibition. At the time, collaboration between Japanese mainland and Taiwanese female artists was extremely rare, let alone having a female student serve as a model. As a result, Ichiki Shiori's painting, Flower Shadows, created a sensation. A women’s section of a newspaper reported, “Using a local girl as a model—Ichiki Shiori prepares an artwork for the Taiwan Exhibition.” Their connection is presumed to have been facilitated by Koton Sato.In an October interview that same year, Chen Xuejun mentioned that although several works from the Women’s Higher College were exhibited at the Taiwan Exhibition that year, none were by Taiwanese artists. Therefore, this particular work was of great significance. However, Chen Xuejun's own work was not selected that year.
| 2.078125
| 0
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78600073
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023-2024%20Ecuador%20electricity%20crisis
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2023-2024 Ecuador electricity crisis
|
The 2023-2024 Ecuador electricity crisis was caused by a severe drought that depleted water levels at hydroelectric plants and a lack of capacity buildup. Ecuador experienced rolling blackouts for up to 14 hours per day in the fall crisis (started on 23 September 2024) of 2024. Researches describe fall 2023 (27 October–18 December 2023) and spring 2024 (16–30 April 2024) crises as separate events. The President of Ecuador Daniel Noboa had announced on 10 December, 2024 that the outages will end on December 20.
Background
No new electric capacity had been added to the Ecuador power grid since Coca Codo Sinclair station started operation in 2016, while the demand by 2024 had increased by 24%, or about 400 megawatt (MW). The fossil fuel plants were neglected with just 880MW operational out of 2 gigawatts (GW) installed capacity. The low-cost electricity (at 10 US cents per kWh, with discounts for the industry) limited the private investment.
The 2023–2024 El Niño event might have further exacerbated the drought. The drought is considered to be the worst in 60 years, especially in the south of the country. When the power operator of Ecuador warned about the severe drought in January 2024, no actions were taken until April, when blackouts of up to 8 hours a day were implemented.
The (summer) dry season in 2024 arrived two months earlier than usual in Ecuador.
According to Miguel Calahorrano, an ex-minister of electricity and renewable energy, 400 MW of new capacity are needed annually to meet the demand, existing thermal plants need to fixed (in the fall only Trinitaria (125 MW), Machala Gas (125 MW), G. Zevallos (146 MW) and Jaramijó (140 MW) were operating at high power until October 15, 2024), and thermal power should be used to delay the day the reservoirs are tapped for generation. As quick fixes, he suggested improving relationship with Colombia, so that Ecuador can import electricity from there (and from Venezuela through Colombia).
| 2.34375
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78601106
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus%20%28video%20game%29
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Fungus (video game)
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Fungus is an auto-runner developed by Karl Hörnell and published by Interceptor Micros. It was released in 1986 for Commodore 64. The game revolves around a humanoid alien who is addicted to eating space mushrooms, and runs across other space islands to collect them while dodging hostile aliens who are trying to protect their island. The player can jump over gaps and move to the foreground or background of the screen to dodge things. Fungus is notable for being developed when Hörnell was still in high school, during which time he learned machine code to create his own Commodore 64 games, also handling the artwork himself. It was positively received by critics, who cited its graphics as impressive, and praised its gameplay, considering it above-average for a budget title.
Development
The game was developed while Hörnell was a student. Hörnell cited the theming around mushrooms because he "always found [them] to be kind of cool". He implemented the isometric perspective because he found it more visually advanced than typical sidescrollers. The founders of Interceptor Micros found the game so impressive that they invited Hörnell and his family to England, where he could finish the game. He described the meeting as awkward because they were "so far above [him] in every way" that he could not think of anything interesting to say.
Reception
Zzap!64 magazine rated the game highly, describing it as a "jolly good buy". While one of the viewers described it as "rather frustrating to play at first", he soon found it "compulsive" and "addictive", summing it up as a "pleasant game in every way". Laurie Simpson of Commodore User magazine also gave the game a high rating, calling it "light-hearted" with a "professional polish". However, ASM magazine rated the game lower, still praising its graphics but particularly criticizing its gameplay. Retrospectively, Retro Gamer magazine called the game the "great-grandaddy" of the endless runner game Temple Run.
| 1.929688
| 0
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78601448
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus%20Adolphus%27%20reconquest%20of%20%C3%96land
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Gustavus Adolphus' reconquest of Öland
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Gustavus Adolphus' reconquest of Öland occurred from 26 or 27 September to 8 October 1611 during the Kalmar War.
Background
While Christian IV prepared to return to Copenhagen with the main Danish fleet, Gustavus Adolphus, along with Per Hammarskiöld, prepared to reconquer Öland from Denmark, Per Hammarskiöld also knew the island well. For the invasion, Adolphus gathered three banners of cavalry and some seven or eight companies of infantry.
The cavalry consisted of Hammarskiöld's old unit, the Småland banner, which was commanded by Per Nilsson, and Victori Sim's cavalry company. The infantry consisted of the Drabant Company under Anders Larsson, Gertrom Yggesson's Småland company, Nils Assersson Mannerskiöld's Östergötland company, and most likely Olf Olsson's Västmanland company. The infantry also included men that had recently came from Finland, including Erik Olsson and Bryngen Torstensson's companies, both conscripted in Finland, and a Scottish company under Robert Sim. Contemporary source put the total strength of the force to 2,000 men.
Prelude
Gustavus Adolphus and his men planned to cross the Kalmar Strait towards Öland with the so-called "little fleet" under Captain Erik Kyle, which planned to set out froim Skäggenäs, a peninsula around 15 kilometers north of Kalmar. Before crossing, Adolphus made contact with local peasants, who promised assistance.
On 25 September, Gert von Rantzau learned of the planned operation, allegedly from observing the Swedish ships in Skäggenäs, and thus led three companies of infantry from his own regiment, under Valentin Rosworm, Christopher Luppert, and Jørgen Baroldt respectively across the strait to Öland. As a result, Öland was now defended by two Danish cavalry companies, being the enlisted harquebusier companies under Jørgen Grubbe and Tessen von Parsow, who had handed over command to Franz Ernst von Dalwig, along with five companies of infantry, consisting of the three companies from Rantzau and two under respectively Mathias Kochheim and Søren Bugge.
| 2.796875
| 0
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78602001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Valiant%20Girl%20White%20Rose
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The Valiant Girl White Rose
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The Valiant Girl White Rose () is a 1929 wuxia film from the Huaju Film Company. Starring Wu Suxin, it follows a young woman who disguises herself as a man to fight bandits and save her father. Produced at a time when wuxia films following female protagonists were gaining popularity, the film differed from most contemporaries in its modern setting. The film is partly lost, with 27 minutes having survived.
Plot
The gymnast Bai Suyin wins a martial arts outfit and bow at her school's meet. When her ailing father is threatened by bandits led by Pan Debiao, she decides to return home. She dons the outfit and passes as her brother, Bai Tiemin. When her father's men doubt her abilities, she handily defeats them. She then begins hunting the bandits, assisted by the wandering warrior Wu Zhiyuan. At the conclusion of the story, her identity is revealed, and she marries Wu.
Production
Produced by Zhang Qingpu of the Huaju Film Company, The Valiant Girl White Rose was directed by Zhang Huimin based on a screenplay by Gu Jianchen. Wu Suxin served as assistant director; she also assumed the starring role of Bai Suyin. Sheng Xiaotian portrayed the bandit leader, Shi Juefei took the role of the Bai family patriarch, and Ruan Shengduo played the wandering warrior Wu Zhiyuan. Other roles were taken by Shen Lixia, You San, Zhou Juanhong, and Ding Huashi.
The title of the film, The Valiant Girl White Rose, drew both on the name of its star and on contemporary vernacular. Wu Suxin was also active under the name White Rose Woo, though in the film the name is associated with Bai Suyin's propensity for wearing roses. In contemporary Chinese vernacular, the rose was used as a metaphor for Western beauty, and a commonly used symbol in both literature and film. The film included intertitles in both Chinese and English.
| 1.953125
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78602001
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Valiant%20Girl%20White%20Rose
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The Valiant Girl White Rose
|
The Valiant Girl White Rose was produced at a time when wuxia (martial arts) films with female protagonists was experiencing a surge in popularity. Following the Tianyi Film Company's success with Heroine Li Feifei (1925), companies such as Mingxing, Youlian, and Huaju began producing films in the genre. Unlike other companies, Huaju focused primarily on films set in modern settings. The martial arts costume in the film was reported to have been influenced by The Three Musketeers, which had found popularity in China, and the moustache donned by Suyin resembled that of Hollywood star Douglas Fairbanks. The character wielded a bow, a sword, and was adorned with both a headscarf and a cowboy hat.
The Valiant Girl White Rose featured extensive acts of acrobatics, with its heroine chasing bandits and "flying" on a swinging rope. It also used masquerade as a plot device, with the protagonist in her male disguise attracting the romantic attentions of two sisters; this misunderstanding results in her temporarily losing an ally. Regarding such depictions of gender performance, the film scholar Zhang Zhen describes the masquerade as sending a "mixed message" wherein the heroine only becomes a free and socially mobile woman by assuming a male identity, thereby continuing "to subordinate female power to a patriarchal order".
Release and reception
The Valiant Girl White Rose was released in 1929. It is partially lost, with only 27 minutes extant.
| 1.960938
| 0
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78602224
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20%281688%E2%80%931832%29
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History of Antigua and Barbuda (1688–1832)
|
In 1772, St. John's Harbour and English Harbour were severely damaged by hurricanes, and for the next few years, Antigua was spared from any military conflict. However, due to nearly all the islands surrounding Antigua being involved in intense warfare, a famine killed about 8,000 slaves by 1780. This is also around the time when Lord Rodney, a well-respected admiral, took control of Antigua's fleet. In 1776, the Spanish ship Sancta Rita wrecked in Barbuda, causing some controversy. During the governorship of General Burt, Goat Hill, Barnacle Point, and Great George Fort were fortified. It is said that Burt may have been poisoned in 1781. In 1784, churchwardens were encouraged to sell lands to establish parish hospitals, and in 1787, Prince William Henry visited the island. In 1788, slaves were granted the yearly right to a short Christmas break that was to last from Christmas Eve until sunrise on 28 December. However, during these days, martial law was in force. Later in 1788, a Jew named "Marcus" was sentenced to death (although later pardoned) for the robbery of another person in his community along with "Vanban". When Vanban was sentenced to stand in the pillory, he is said to have held an umbrella to avoid the sun from hitting his face.
| 2.734375
| 0
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78602417
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Entre%20R%C3%ADos%20Province
|
Flag of Entre Ríos Province
|
The flag of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos is a version of the historical Artigas flag. The flag consists of a white horizontal stripe between two light blue and light red bend. The current flag was adopted on 13 March 1987, and in 2013, Flag Day was established to celebrate the birthday of José Gervasio Artigas, June 19.
Symbolism
The flag adopted in 1987 restored the use of the historic flag used during the Argentine War of Independence by the League of the Free Peoples. The original flag was created by the League commander José Gervasio Artigas based on an earlier blue and white flag introduced by Manuel Belgrano. Artigas added red to it as a symbol of federalism. In Uruguay, whose border with Argentina runs mostly through the province of Entre Ríos, the Artigas flag is one of three national flags, although the Uruguayan version is standardized differently from the Entre Ríos flag. The Uruguayan flag has a 2:3 proportion and a distinctly dark shade of blue, while the Entre Ríos flag shares technical specifications with the Argentine flag, namely a 1:2 proportion and a light shade of blue.
History
League of the Free Peoples and Republic of Entre Ríos
The origins of the flag date back to 1815, when José Gervasio Artigas created it for an alliance of six provinces known as the League of Free Peoples. The first version consisted of three blue-white-blue bands, with each blue band having a horizontal red band inside. Each perforated band (red) represented the eastern and western bands of the Río de la Plata on the same flag. Later, Artigas changed the two horizontal bars to two diagonal ones, and then to one diagonal one, to clearly distinguish his flags from similar flags of his opponents. The final design was not created directly by Artigas but by José María de Roo, a customs official from Montevideo and an expert in heraldry. De Roo likely served as a consultant to Artigas, though the exact nature of their collaboration and the extent of Artigas's influence on the design remain unclear.
| 2.734375
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78602482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Reichenbach
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Klaus Reichenbach
|
Klaus Reichenbach (born 22 September 1945) is a German football official and former politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
As minister in the Minister-President's Office in the cabinet of Lothar de Maizière, Reichenbach was an important figure in coordinating German reunification.
He left politics in 1994, partly because he was hindered by his past as a bloc party politician loyal to the SED, and worked as lawyer and served as president of the Saxony Football Association and board member of the German Football Association (DFB).
Life and career
Early career
Reichenbach's father owned the company Hermann Reichenbach KG in Hartmannsdorf near Chemnitz, which specialized in manufacturing women's underwear.
After training as a mechanical engineer, Reichenbach studied engineering economics at the Textile College in Reichenbach im Vogtland. Following his father's death in 1969, he became the managing director of the family business, which he continued to lead as plant manager after its forced nationalization in 1972.
Between 1975 and 1980, he completed a distance-learning program at the Academy for Political and Legal Sciences of the GDR in Potsdam, de facto a Marxist-Leninist cadre factory of the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED), earning a diploma in political science (Dipl.-Staatswiss.). From 1982 to 1986, he additionally undertook a distance-learning law program at Humboldt University of Berlin, graduating as a lawyer (Dipl.-Jur.).
Beginning in 1985, he served as plant manager and later director of VEB Feinstrickwaren "Goldfasan" in Burgstädt.
Bloc party politician
Reichenbach joined the East German Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a bloc party beholden to the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED), in 1969.
By 1974, he became chairman of the Karl-Marx-Stadt-Land CDU and joined the party's main board in 1987.
On 1 July 1988, he was made chairman of the Bezirk Karl-Marx-Stadt CDU.
| 2.078125
| 0
|
68415519
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalitta%20Air%20Flight%20207
|
Kalitta Air Flight 207
|
Investigation
The investigation authority arrived at the crash site an hour later. The accident was investigated by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Belgium. It was determined that there were traces of the European kestrel inside engine 3 causing it to lose power and fail, which was accompanied by a loud bang and it was noticed by the crew with immediate actions to slow down the plane. The runway end safety area (RESA), a part of the runway which helps the aircraft to stop in time, of runway 20 met the ICAO requirements in length and width—each . However, ICAO recommended a RESA length of ; the runway did not follow this recommendation because there were a railway ahead of the runway and a road at the other end. The bird strike also caused the thrust reversers to not engage, thereby not adequately slowing down the aircraft. The bird strike, the malfunctioning of the thrust reverser, and the lack of situational awareness contributed to the crash of Flight 207.
Aftermath
The crew had minor injuries. The training for rejecting a takeoff after V1 for Kalitta Air was modified: A training DVD depicted the same runway as the accident flight in Brussels. The RESA length requirement was made stricter. The Bird Control Unit (BCU) was also reinforced to be more accurate and subsequent training for its use was also provided in the DVD. The use of the full length of runway 20 was never published in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). It was only exclusive to runway 25R. A dedicated sentence has also now been provided for runway 20.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
68415688
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westringia%20longifolia
|
Westringia longifolia
|
Westringia longifolia, commonly known as long-leaved westringia, is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to southeastern Australia. It is a small shrub, with linear leaves and mostly white flowers.
Description
Westringia longifolia is a small shrub that grows to high with a similar spread. The linear shaped green leaves are arranged in whorls of three, long, wide, more or less flat, margins smooth, both surfaces with occasional hairs or smooth, and the petiole long. The flowers are borne singly in the leaf axils, corolla long, lobes more or less triangular shaped, long, wide, mostly white or occasionally mauve with spots purple or light brown and silky inside. The green calyx are smooth or with sparse hairs on the outer surface and bracteoles long. Flowering occurs mostly from July to December
Taxonomy and naming
Westringia longifolia was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (longifolia) means "long leaved".
Distribution and habitat
Long-leaves westringia grows in gullies, near streams on sandy or loamy soils north of Mittagong, scattered throughout Sydney and the Central Tablelands.
| 2.546875
| 0
|
68415778
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau%20County%20Sewage%20District
|
Nassau County Sewage District
|
The Nassau County Sewage District is a public sewer district in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It is owned by Nassau County and as of 2022 is operated under contract by Suez North America.
Description
The Nassau County Sewage District serves large portions of Nassau County.
In recent years, the Nassau County Sewage District assumed control of the City of Glen Cove's sanitary sewer system.
Nassau County's sanitary sewer system handles roughly 85% of sewage in Nassau County. The other 15% is handled by smaller, independent water pollution control districts (i.e.: the Port Washington Water Pollution Control District).
The Nassau County Sewage District also treats sanitary sewage from other, independent systems (i.e.: the Village of Roslyn's sanitary sewer system, which is treated by Nassau County's facilities via the line known as the East Hills Interceptor, which travels from Roslyn Heights to the main part of the Nassau County network in Westbury by means of Roslyn Road, the North Service Road, and Old Westbury Road).
Gaps in service area
Although the heavy majority of Long Island's South Shore within Nassau County is connected to Nassau's sewer system, large portions of the North Shore in Nassau County remain unsewered and rely on cesspools and septic systems.
There were failed attempts made in the 1970s to extend Nassau County's sewer system into North Shore communities which either partially or completely lacked sewers, including but not limited to: East Hills, Flower Hill, Munsey Park, Plandome, Roslyn Harbor, and Sands Point. The project failed in large part due to public opposition.
Specifications
Number of Nassau County Sewage District sewage treatment plants (excluding Glen Cove): 2 (Bay Park and Cedar Creek).
Percentage of sewage handled in Nassau County: Approximately 85%.
Network length: Approximately .
| 2
| 0
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68415793
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty%20Indian%20School
|
Marty Indian School
|
Marty Indian School is a K-12 tribal boarding school in Marty, South Dakota. It is affiliated with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). It is on the Yankton Indian Reservation. The Yankton Sioux Tribe owns the facilities and directly manages the school.
It takes boarding students for grades 7–12. It has separate dormitories for boys and girls.
History
In 1987 a former executive assistant at the school, Lewis B. Dillon, pleaded guilty to embezzling money from the school. Laurel Vermillion served as the principal in the 1990s.
Timothy Stathis became the principal in May 2017. Stathis had implemented a bonus program to pay teachers higher pay if their students had higher scores. According to Stathis this caused opposition against him. A sit-in against his policies occurred on November 15, 2017. The school gave Stathis notice of his firing on December 1, 2017. His contract was scheduled to end in June 2018.
Stathis, who later began work in California, filed a lawsuit against the school for wrongful removal in the South Dakota courts. Bruce Anderson, the judge of the first circuit court, ruled the case should be dismissed as Native American tribes are sovereign from the state government, Stathis filed an appeal to the South Dakota Supreme Court with his lawyer arguing that tribal sovereignty should be done away with. The South Dakota Supreme Court also ruled that tribes had sovereignty. Stathis filed a new lawsuit in federal court.
| 2.171875
| 0
|
68415889
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus%20dorcheei
|
Rubus dorcheei
|
Rubus dorcheei is an Asian species of thorny fruiting shrub in Rosaceae family, first described in 2021. It is endemic to Nepal, found only in the subtropical forests of Kathmandu. The samples of the new plant were collected for the first time from Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park in 2018 at an altitude of 1,930m. The taxon is named after plant enthusiast La Dorchee Sherpa who first came across the plant. The published name was Rubus dorcheae, but as La Dorchee Sherpa is a man, the epithet was corrected to dorcheei.
Description
It closely resembles similar taxa like Rubus kumaonensis and Rubus rugosus. It can usually be distinguished from them by its taller height. In addition, it has "both leaf surfaces green, upper surface more hairy than lower surface, leaf blade margins biserrate, sepal deltoid, tomentose on both sides, margin with 7–10 appendages, apex bifurcate or trifurcate, petals spathulate, and calyx, corolla and stamens persistent in fruit." It grows as tall as 10 meters in height and flowers from August to November while fruiting/ripening from October–November.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
68416182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition%20of%20Mexican%20Feminist%20Women
|
Coalition of Mexican Feminist Women
|
The Coalition of Mexican Feminist Women () was a Mexican feminist organization created in 1976.
History
The coalition brought together five existing Mexican feminist groups, and two publications, including the recently founded fem. It published its own periodical, Cihuat.
The group's priority was decriminalizing abortion in Mexico, articulating an ideal of 'voluntary motherhood' (maternidad voluntaria). At the Coalición's second National Conference on Abortion, in September 1977, members drafted a bill to decriminalize abortion, the 'Law of Voluntary Motherhood'. They presented the bill to the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico) in December 1977, demonstrating outside until they were allowed in for an audience with a legislator from the Institutional Revolutionary Party. The legislator did not sponsor the bill before Congress.
On Mother's Day in 1978 the coalition marched as mourning women ('mujeres elutadas'), carrying funeral wreaths in memory of women who had died after badly performed illegal abortions.
From 1978 to 1980 the coalition started working with non-feminist women's groups, trying to build a broader coalition for abortion law reform. In 1981 it worked with the Mexican Communist Party to draft another bill to decriminalize abortion,. After this also failed to pass into law, the coalition lost momentum and dissolved.
| 2.53125
| 0
|
68416227
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica%20wheeleri
|
Angelica wheeleri
|
Angelica wheeleri is a rare species of Angelica, a perennial herb in the Apiaceae (carrot) family, endemic to the state of Utah in the United States. The common names for A. wheeleri are Utah angelica or Wheeler's angelica. A. wheeleri was named by Sereno Watson in 1873.
Angelica wheeleri can grow to 2 meters (6.5 feet) or taller, a distinguishing feature along with its primary opposite leaves. It has a hollow stem and white umbel flowers that bloom between June and August. These flowers produce small, dense, and hairy green fruits. These seeds are lime green and appear similar in shape to a watermelon, consistently around five millimeters long. A. wheeleri grows in wet riparian areas, or seeps and springs.
Angelica wheeleri is rare, and has only be found in as few as 11 locations across 6 counties in Utah (Cache, Salt Lake, Utah, Juab, Sevier, and Piute). It is found in elevations between 1524 and 3050 meters. As a wetland plant native to a desert climate, A. wheeleri is at risk from rising temperatures and longer summers, urban development, stream channelization, water diversions, and other watershed and stream alterations, recreation, and invasive exotic plants. A. wheeleri was also found in the scat of black bears in the Hobble Creek area, a sign on natural herbivory that may also present risk to this plant.
| 2.65625
| 0
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68416417
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine%20Roberts
|
Geraldine Roberts
|
In 1965, when Roberts was working for a particularly hostile employer who monitored employees while they worked and prohibited the employees from speaking to each other at any point during the day, Roberts made a commitment to advocate for better working conditions for herself and colleagues. Her coworkers encouraged her to form a union and each gave her a dollar to begin one. In September 1965, she held the first meeting of Domestic Workers of America at St. James AME Church with the help of the Cleveland chapter of CORE. While 20 people attended that first meeting, by the third meeting in October, over 150 women were reported to have attended. To recruit new members, Roberts would stand at bus stops where many domestic workers boarded busses and she would hold signs, distribute leaflets, and chant slogans to get them involved.
DWA’s office moved across the city throughout its lifetime and in its early years were primarily funded by a grant from the Council of Economic Opportunity. Legal Aid of Cleveland, CORE, and other community volunteers helped DWA form a charter and a board; Geraldine Roberts was elected as president of the organization. At its peak in the late 1960s, DWA consisted of at least six hundred members. As an organization, DWA helped place domestic workers in job placements throughout the city, advocated locally and nationally for fair pay and benefits for the workers, and provided scholarships for workers to attend Cuyahoga Community College, among many other initiatives. By the 1980s, the organization’s funding and membership waned as nationally, many Black women left domestic work and many migrants from the Global South filled their positions.
| 2.40625
| 0
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68416732
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranje%20Locks
|
Oranje Locks
|
The Oranje Locks are a group of locks and other water management facilities just east of Amsterdam.
Characteristics
The Oranje Locks are located in the IJ Dijk, a dam which cuts through the IJ just east of Amsterdam. This dam runs from the village of Schellingwoude in the north to the eastern side of the Amsterdam–Rhine Canal in the south. The dam closes off the Inner IJ, just north of Amsterdam, from the Outer IJ, and hence from the IJsselmeer / Markermeer.
The Oranje Locks consists of the original locks called Oranje Locks and the recent Prins Willem-Alexander Lock. They regulate the water level in the North Sea Canal, and prevent brackish water from reaching the IJmeer. As it is part of the waterways of national interest, the locks are managed by Rijkswaterstaat.
The original Oranje Locks consist of three locks that are now used for recreational vessels and small commercial ships. These are traditional locks with gates that are kept closed by the water pressure. The largest has a lock chamber of 90 m by 17.50 m. The two on its sides have lock chambers of 67 m by 14 m. The two locks on the sides form a pure twin lock, i.e. two locks of the same size in the same location with the purpose of increasing the speed with which ships are serviced.
The biggest lock at the location is the Prins Willem-Alexander Lock opened in 1995. This is a lock of an innovative type, with sliding gates which use a 'hydro foot'. The hydro foot is an alternative to the wheels which normally support a sliding gate. The idea is that a 0.1 mm layer of water in the two hydro feet supports the 50 ton lock door. The lock chamber of Prins Willem-Alexander Lock is 200 m by 24 m.
| 2.5
| 0
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68416732
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranje%20Locks
|
Oranje Locks
|
The dam through the IJ was 45 m wide at the base, and 4 m at the top. The top was 3.5 m above AOD. The IJ side of the dam was steeper than the Zuiderzee side. The slopes, berm and top of the dam were faced with a layer of at least 1 m of puddle clay. From the top to 0.5 m below AOD temporary fascines loaded with stones protected the dam against waves on both sides. After closure of the dam, this was replaced by stone pitching till the top on the Zuiderzee side, and till the berm on the IJ-side. The pitching was at least 0.30 m thick, with a layer of 0.20 m of broken bricks below. The dam was constructed by first putting a thick mattress of interwoven fascines () over the whole breadth of the dam. The first of these was called , because it reposed on the bottom or ground. In two places these grondstukken would later break, causing considerable sinkage.
By October 1866 the dam from the Waterland dike till the future location of the locks in the 'pit of Schellingwoude' and a part of south of it was under construction. About a 100 meters of it had already reached a height of 1 m above AOD. During 1867 work on the dike steadily progressed.
Construction of the Cofferdam of Schellingwoude
The Cofferdam of Schellingwoude was constructed in the area where the locks, the pumping station and a sluice were planned. Here, the water was 3 m deep. The cofferdam later proved to be one of the most difficult aspects of the plan. The cofferdam was originally a circle of 160 m diameter on the inside, surrounded by two concentric rows of closely aligned sheet piles with a space in between the circles of . The space in between the piles was filled up with puddle clay. On the inside a mound of sand was to act as a counter weight to the water pressure. The pit would be made empty so the foundations could be constructed on dry ground. When empty, the pit would face the massive pressure from the water on the outside.
| 2.5625
| 0
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68416732
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oranje%20Locks
|
Oranje Locks
|
A big disaster took place at the cofferdam on 25 October 1868. By 16:30 a preceding storm had made that the water level had risen to 1 m above AOD. The pit then began to leak severely, and the pit sluices were opened. Soon after, a huge mass of earth then broke of near the northern pit sluice, about 10 m from the inner ring of piles. At the place of the earth movement the ground then fell in, leaving the piles bare for a depth of 30 feet. The cofferdam next began to bend inward, and in two minutes a breach opened. Still one minute later, the whole pit had been filled up. Four boats were drawn in, one of these sank almost immediately. The total breach was about 20 m wide, and the initial flood had hit the opposite side with such force that it was permanently bent outwards.
After the October 1868 incident a lengthy process of reinforcing the dam around the pit started. This was primarily done by depositing more sand on the inside and outside of the cofferdam. A new row of close piles was driven on the inside, at a distance of 9 m from the inner of the concentric rings of piles. This new ring would keep the sand on the inside in place. Where there was enough room, sandbag buttresses with layers of fascines were added for further strength. Outside of the outer ring three groynes of pile work were constructed at the most exposed place in order to keep the waves from flushing the sand away. These works lasted till June 1869 and involved driving about 2,000 piles and use of 37,336 m3 of sand.
| 2.59375
| 0
|
68417297
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20El-Gendy
|
Ahmed El-Gendy
|
Ahmed El-Gendy (; born 1 March 2000) is an Egyptian modern pentathlete. He won the silver medal in the men's event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and won gold for Egypt. He also won the gold medal for Egypt in the 2024 Summer Olympics breaking both the Olympic and world records with a score of 1555 points. He is the first athlete from Africa to win medals, including an Olympic gold medal, in modern pentathlon.
At the 2020 Summer Olympics, El-Gendy was ranked 13th after the fencing, swimming, and riding events, trailing leader and eventual gold medalist Joe Choong by 50 points, meaning he started the final laser-run 50 seconds after Choong. He made up that entire deficit during the laser-run, and briefly led during the final 800 metres; ultimately he finished second, just under five seconds behind Choong. He is the official flag bearer of his country in Paris 2024 with female weighlifter Sara Ahmed and Fencer Mohamed El-Sayed (fencer). He has also trained in Smouha SC in Alexandria for the Olympics.
| 1.992188
| 0
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68417417
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st%20Prussian%20Infantry%20Regiment
|
1st Prussian Infantry Regiment
|
Seven Years War
Following the outbreak of hostilities over the control of Silesia once again, the Third Silesian War broke out. It would become part of the larger Seven Years' War, which had a profound impact on the future of the world as a whole. In 1756, the regiment joined in the blockade of the Royal Saxon Army in Pirna while the main Prussian field army was engaged against the Austrians at the Battle of Lobositz (1 October). On 6 May 1757, the regiment lost two thirds of its strength (22 officers and 1,168 men) during the failed Siege of Prague. At the end of August, the regiment was part of the small Prussian army hastily assembled at Dresden to oppose the Franco-Imperial Army invading Saxony. The regiment then fought at the Battle of Rossbach (5 November), the Battle of Leuthen (5 December) and finally the Siege of Breslau (7-20 December).
In 1758, the regiment guarded King Frederick's headquarters during the Invasion of Moravia and fought at the Battle of Jenwitz (10-11 October). In 1760, the regiment was present at the Siege of Dresden (13-22 July), the Battle of Liegnitz (15 August) and finally the Battle of Torgau (3 November).
In 1761, the regiment was present at the Siege of Bunzelwitz Lager (20 August-25 September). In 1762, it fought at the Battle of Burkersdorf and the Battle of Leutmannsdorf (both on 21 July), the Siege of Schweidnitz (4 August-10 October), and finally the Battle of Reichenbach (16 August).
During the Seven Years' War, the grenadier battalions from the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments were combined to form a field grenadier battalion.
Reorganisations
From 1768, regardless of the regimental chief, the regiment would be ranked hereafter following the Royal Guard. During the French Revolutionary Wars, the regiment was not mobilised and subsequently not included in the Duke of Brunswick's Army, instead remaining on garrison in Brandenburg.
| 2.765625
| 0
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68417457
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affabel%20Partridge
|
Affabel Partridge
|
Affabel Partridge was a London goldsmith who served Elizabeth I. He is thought to have marked his work with a hallmark of a bird.
Career
Partridge was an apprentice of Richard Crompton. He worked at the sign of the Black Bull in Cheapside. On 25 July 1554 (her wedding day), Mary I of England ordered some of the jewels in the Tower of London to be delivered to her goldsmith "Affabel Partriche".
With Robert Brandon, he became a goldsmith to Elizabeth I on her accession. They were joined by Hugh Keall in 1577.
Brandon and Partridge supplied hundreds of pieces of plate which Elizabeth distributed as New Year's Day gifts, and as gifts on other occasions. They also repaired tableware. In September 1560 Partridge and Brandon received 4000 ounces of silver plate scrapped from the Jewel House as unfit to serve at the queen's table, to be melted down and made into new objects.
Partridge established himself on Cheapside at the "Sign of the Black Bull". On 25 July 1560, Partridge was employed to repair and reset old jewels from the Tower of London into a "better fashion" for Queen Elizabeth to wear from time to time, meet and suitable for her occasional use. The pieces for refashioning were "fifty tablets of sundry fashion tied upon a string whereof diverse have pomanders within them", and broken nether and upper habiliments (the jewelled bands which were worn at the forehead of a French hood), with aglets and their laces and pins. Partridge was to pay attention to the enamelling. The aged Marquess of Winchester was ordered to deliver the jewels to the goldsmith.
Partridge and Brandon were permitted to collect base money for refining at the royal mint in October 1560.
Partridge sued Edward Baeshe of West Coker for the value of a garter set with rubies and pearls in 1565. Baeshe had paid for a gold flower set with diamonds and pearls.
| 2.0625
| 0
|
68417469
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Cassagnol
|
Raymond Cassagnol
|
Raymond Cassagnol (September 20, 1920 – June 24, 2023) was a Haitian Air Force officer/flight instructor, alleged Haitian rebel leader, and one of the first Haitian Tuskegee Airmen, "Red Tails," or “Schwartze Vogelmenschen” ("Black Birdmen") or among enemy German pilots. Cassagnol was an aviation classmate and roommate of Daniel James Jr., the first-ever African American four-star general.
Cassagnol was Haiti's first World War II-trained combat fighter pilot in history. A centenarian, Cassagnol became the last surviving Haitian Tuskegee Airmen. He was also the author of the 2004 autobiographical "Mémoires d’un Révolutionaire", published in French.
An alleged Haitian rebel leader and fierce political opponent of former Haitian dictator François Duvalier, Cassagnol is noteworthy for flying a B-25 aircraft over Duvalier's National palace in May 1969 in an attempt to bomb it.
Early life and family
Cassagnol was born on September 20, 1920, in U.S.-occupied Port au Prince, Haiti. The U.S. Marine Corps had occupied Haiti between 1915 and 1934.
In 1937, Cassagnol worked with his two older brothers who were employed as mechanics. A year later, he graduated from high school in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Unable to afford college in Haiti, Cassagnol applied to the Haitian military.
On December 23, 1943, Cassagnol married his childhood sweetheart, Valentine Marie Therese Cassagnol (1921–2021) at the “Paroisse du Sacre Coeur” – Parish of the Sacred Heart. Valentine played a significant role in the founding of the Girl Scouts in Haiti (known there as the "Guides"). Cassagnol and Valentine were married for 77 years until her death in April 2021. The couple had several children: Mireille Cassagnol, Dominique Cassagnol Ballacchino, Jose Cassagnol, Claude Cassagnol and Raymond Cassagnol Jr. They also had 15 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.
| 2.28125
| 0
|
68417485
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20%27Joanna%20Hill%27
|
Rosa 'Joanna Hill'
|
Rosa 'Joanna Hill' is a yellow hybrid tea rose, bred by American rose breeder, Joseph H. Hill in 1928. 'Joanna Hill is one of the ancestors of the legendary hybrid tea rose, 'Peace'.
Description
'Joanna Hill' is a medium, upright hybrid tea rose with large, full, high-centered petals, born mostly solitary or in small clusters. It ranges in height from , with a spread. Long pointed buds open to flowers that are a medium or creamy yellow color with a dark yellow center. The rose varies in fragrance from mild to strong. It is nearly thornless and has leathery, medium green foliage. The plant blooms continuously throughout the season.
History
Hill family nurseries
Edward Gurney Hill and his father, Joseph, established the family nursery business, Hill and Company, in Richmond, Indiana in 1881. By the 1890s, The Hill Company had moved its greenhouses to a larger location and incorporated as the E.G. Hill Co. Hill began introducing European roses, and later began a rose hybridization program with his son Joseph Herbert. While visiting nurseryman William Paul in Waltham Cross, England in 1912, E.G. discovered an interesting seedling in Paul's rose fields. That seedling was later introduced by Paul as 'Ophelia' and became an important part of the Hill family's rose breeding program. In the nursery's rose fields, 'Ophelia' produced a sport, which the company introduced in 1918 as 'Madame Butterfly' and used the award-winning rose in their breeding program, producing a number of best selling roses, including 'Columbia' and 'Joanna Hill.
| 2.390625
| 0
|
68417511
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampatherium
|
Pampatherium
|
Pampatherium is an extinct genus of xenarthran that lived in the Americas during the Pleistocene. Some species went extinct right at the Pleistocene-Holocene border.
Distribution
Pampatherium humboldtii and P. typum lived in South America (mostly Brazil) during the Pleistocene, with P. humboldtii surviving into the very Late Pleistocene.
Pampatherium mexicanum was the only North American species, reaching as far north as Sonora, Mexico. It lived during the Rancholabrean.
Description
Pampatherium resembled a very large armadillo. One species, P. humboldtii, weighed up to . Pampatheres generally resembled armadillos, particularly in the shape of it skull, long snout, and the presence of three areas on the carapace (movable bands, scapular and pelvic shields). Among the features that distinguish them from armadillos are their posterior teeth, which are bilobate rather than peg-like. Their endocranial morphology is also similar to glyptodonts.
The osteoderms of Pampatherium have little ornamentation, lack a depressed marginal band, and those from the posterior buckler are mostly rectangular.
Pampatherium is thought to have excavated paleoburrows and would have both fought with and have been preyed upon by Arctotherium angustidens in these dens.
| 2.8125
| 0
|
68417629
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollowsnout%20grenadier
|
Hollowsnout grenadier
|
The hollowsnout grenadier (Coelorinchus caelorhincus), also called the blackspot grenadier, is a species of fish in the family Macrouridae.
The specific name derives from Greek κοῖλος (koilos, "hollow") and ῥύγχος (rhynchos, "snout").
Description
The hollowsnout grenadier is silvery in color. It is up to in length.
Habitat and human interaction
The hollowsnout grenadier lives in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; it is benthopelagic, living at depths of .
Coelorinchus caelorhincus population distribution shows larger individuals normally disperse in deeper water, and younger fry populate shallower water. The species has been documented as an abundant by-catch by deep-sea trawling for both shrimp and lobster and is generally not considered for human consumption.
Feeding behaviour
The hollowsnout grenadier feeds on various marine invertebrates and vertebrates. They primarily target benthic crustaceans, (specifically amphipods, isopods, tanaids) and polychaetes, but will still hunt teleost fish and certain cephalopod species. It has been shown that C. caelorhincus will change its feeding behavior seasonally, and will rarely target more intimidating prey such as certain fish and cephalopods in colder climates.
| 2.234375
| 0
|
68418082
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darktown%20Follies
|
Darktown Follies
|
The Darktown Follies were a series of musical revues staged in Harlem at the Lafayette Theatre from 1913 through 1916. All of the revue's creators were black, and it was one of the earliest musical revues to feature an all-black cast. Most of the music and lyrics written for the various reviews were created by J. Leubrie Hill and Will Vodery. Hill was also a major contributor to the musical books written for the revues, along with the writer Alex C. Rogers. Part of the age leading up to the Harlem Renaissance, the revue attracted diverse audiences from all over the city of New York. The theatre impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. attended performances, and purchased some of the content of the Darktown Follies for use in his Broadway musical revue, Ziegfeld Follies.
The first Darktown Follies revue was staged in 1913 under the title The Darktown Follies in 'My Friend from Kentucky' . This was followed by The Darktown Follies in 'My Friend From Dixie' and The Darktown Follies in 'Here and There' . The musical revues were organized into three acts.
The revues were notable for popularizing several new dances. They brought the Ballin' the Jack dance and the Texas Tommy (a predecessor of the lindy hop) to a New York City stage and its success influenced musicals that followed.
| 2.1875
| 0
|
68418400
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADsa%20Mahin
|
Luísa Mahin
|
Luísa Mahin (born in the early 19th century) was a formerly enslaved woman of African origin. A controversial character, she is believed to have taken part in the organization of the slave uprisings that shook the province of Bahia in the first decades of the nineteenth century. She was supposedly a major player and strategist in the Malê Revolt, in which she helped inform the others involved through written communications in Arabic.
However, there is no historical evidence of her participation in the revolts, which leads some historians to consider her a kind of alter ego of her son, the abolitionist poet Luís Gama.
Biography
Her origins are uncertain. It is not known whether she was born in the in Africa or in Bahia. A member of the Mahi cultural group, from which her surname comes, Luísa Mahin bought her own freedom in 1812. Her son Luís Gama described her as a short, thin, pretty woman with teeth "as white as snow," proud, generous, long-suffering and vengeful.
Legacy
A biography about her was written by author Jarid Arraes as part of her 2015 cordel collection and book Heroínas Negras Brasileiras em 15 cordéis.
| 2.6875
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68418714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily%20Hoffman
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Emily Hoffman
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Emily Key Hoffman, known upon her marriage as Mrs. F. Y. Dalziel, (1876 – September 12, 1927) was an American socialite, heiress, dancer, and big-game hunter. A prominent debutante of the Gilded Age, she was a leading figure in New York and Newport high society. Hoffman was an accomplished amateur dancer and performed Spanish dances at various social events. Dubbed "the Carmencita of New York society", one of her performances in 1900 at the Waldorf-Astoria earned her a standing ovation and an invitation from Lew Fields and Joe Weber to perform on Broadway, an offer she declined due to the rigid expectations for women of her social class.
After marrying British financier Frederick Young Dalziel in 1901, Hoffman lived the life of an expatriate socialite in Paris during the Belle Époque. She returned to the United States shortly before the outbreak of World War I. An avid big-game hunter, she went on hunting expeditions in the Western United States and in Eastern Africa. She hunted grizzly bears, lions, rhinoceroses, and hippopotamuses. On one hunting trip she was nearly killed by a charging rhinoceros, but was saved when Sir Charles Ross, 9th Baronet, fatally shot the animal.
Hoffman was the mother of Vogue editor-in-chief Diana Vreeland and of Alexandra, Lady Kinloch.
| 2.34375
| 0
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68419011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Cayuga
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SS Cayuga
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On May 10, 1895, Cayuga, under the command of Captain George Graser, was bound for Buffalo with a cargo of 35,000 or 38,000 bushels of oats, flour and of general merchandise. Sources differ whether Cayuga was heading to Buffalo from Chicago or Milwaukee. One source states she left Buffalo for Milwaukee on May 5, and left Milwaukee at 8:00 a.m. on May 9. Meanwhile, the wooden freighter Joseph L. Hurd, commanded by Captain Charles E. Wilson, was bound from Duluth, Minnesota, for Chicago with a cargo of lumber (specifically pine boards) and package freight.
A thick fog obscured visibility as the wind distorted the sound of the vessels' fog whistles. When Cayuga and Joseph L. Hurd neared each other near Ile Aux Galets, they spotted each other's lights when they were about apart. The fog soon concealed the vessels from one other. At 4:00 or 4:30 a.m., when Cayuga and Joseph L. Hurd were less than apart, they were on a collision course. Cayugas engine was reversed which only slowed her down rather of stopping her. Joseph L. Hurd crashed into Cayuga, tearing a hole wide and deep into her starboard side. Joseph L. Hurd lost of her bow, but was kept afloat by her cargo of pine boards. The force of the collision caused Cayuga to roll to port; she then righted herself, and began to sink. Cayuga went down in 25 minutes.
Aftermath
The crew of Cayuga and Joseph L. Hurd escaped in lifeboats and were picked up by the bulk freighter Manola. The only casualty of the accident was Joseph L. Hurds cook/steward George Johnson, who fell overboard and drowned. The day after the collision, Joseph L. Hurd was towed to Harbor Springs, Michigan, by the wrecking tug Favorite. She was repaired and returned to service. Cayuga was insured for $175,000 (equivalent to $ in ) and her cargo was insured for $90,000 (equivalent to $ in ).
| 2.328125
| 0
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68419040
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji%20Oh
|
Haji Oh
|
Haji Oh (呉夏枝 (お・はぢ), Oh Haji, b. 1976, Osaka) is a third-generation Zainichi Korean contemporary artist. Her Japanese name is Okamura Natsue.
Trained primarily as a textile artist, Oh employs a wide variety of weaving, dyeing, stitching, and braiding techniques in her artwork, as well as incorporating photography, audio, and text components. Drawing from her personal transnational experience as an ethnic Korean born and raised in Japan, Oh uses her art to aid in the expression of Zainichi identities within the social and historical context of a larger, interconnected community. Her conceptual artworks and art installations explore the hybridity of Japanese and Korean cultural and political identities, attempting to shed light on the repressed memories and untold histories of diasporic Korean women. She often problematizes the notions of homogeneity that are used to determine fixed ethnic identities, instead emphasizing heterogeneity, hybridity, and fluidity through the acts of dyeing, layering, stitching, and amalgamating fabrics and textiles from Korea and Japan. She has engaged with Korean and Japanese clothing in many of her works, and often incorporates her late grandmother's clothing into her art practice as a way to explore the "unknowable" memories and silent experiences of her own ancestors' migration from the Jeju Islands as well as the transnational journeys of others with "double" identities in Japan.
Oh has participated in a variety of group and solo exhibitions within Japan and abroad, such as "Inner Voices" at the 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa (2011); VoCA - Vision of Contemporary Art at New York University (2012); "Gestures in Clothing" at the Aomori Contemporary Art Centre (2013); and the Busan Biennale, Korea (2014). From 2008-2009, she was a visiting scholar at the York Centre for Asian Research at York University in Toronto, Canada. She has been based in Australia since 2014.
| 2.15625
| 0
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68419434
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomyces%20lateritius
|
Hypomyces lateritius
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Hypomyces lateritius, the ochre gillgobbler, is a parasitic ascomycete fungus that grows on certain species of Lactarius mushrooms, improving their flavor and densifying the flesh. Hosts include L. camphoratus, L. chelidonium, L. controversus, L. deliciosus, Lactarius indigo, L. rufus, L. salmonicolor, L. sanguifluus, L. semisanguifluus, L. tabidus, L. trivialis, and L. vinosus.
It is a microscopic fungus causing the formation of a macroscopic whitish subiculum over the hymenium of its host species, preventing gill formation. Presence of H. lateritius also often deforms the cap and stipe. Parasitization by H. lateritius does not prevent latex from forming when the flesh is cut.
Distribution
Hypomyces lateritius can be found wherever Lactarius species can be found, in North America from Alaska to Mexico and in Europe from the Iberian Peninsula to Ukraine. In Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Western Siberia. It has also been reported in New Zealand and South Africa.
Synonyms
Sphaeria lateritia Fries, Syst. Mycol. 2: 338. 1823.
Hypocrea lateritia (Fr.) Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 383.1849.
Peckiella lateritia (Fr.) Maire, Ann. Mycol. 4: 331.1906.
Byssonectria lateritia (Fr.) Petch, J. Bot. Lond. 75: 220.1937.
Hypomyces volemi Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 20. 1900.
Peckiella hymenioides Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 102.1907.
Hypomyces camphorati Peck, New York State Bull. 205:23. 1905 (1906).
Peckiella camphorati (Peck) Seaver, Mycologia 2: 68.1910.
Hypomyces camphorati (syn. Peckiella camphorati) is sometimes treated as a separate species from H. lateritius. Subiculum of specimens with L. camphoratus host tends more yellowish, and displays slightly larger ascospores. More research is required to determine whether H. lateritius is a single species or a species complex.
| 2.15625
| 0
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68419491
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora%20Jane%20Hamblin
|
Dora Jane Hamblin
|
Dora Jane Hamblin (June 15, 1920 – August 17, 1993), known as Dodie Hamblin, was an American journalist and editor. She was the Rome bureau chief for Life magazine in Rome from 1956 to 1960, and oversaw the magazine's coverage of the 1960 Summer Olympics. She was granted special access to the families of astronauts in the Apollo program, to write the book, First on the Moon (1970).
Early life and education
Dora Jane Hamblin was born in Bedford, Iowa, the daughter of Allen Woolcott Hamblin and Grace Juliette Sailor Hamblin. Her father was a World War I veteran and a newspaper editor and publisher. She graduated from Coe College in 1941, as a journalism major. She was president of her sorority, Delta Delta Delta, and president of the school's Panhellenic Council, while in college, and played tennis, hockey and basketball. She earned a master's degree from Northwestern University in 1942.
Career
During World War II, Hamblin worked at the Cedar Rapids Gazette, and for the American Red Cross in Europe and New Guinea. After the war, she wrote for the Red Cross Courier. She joined the staff of Life magazine in 1948, first as a researcher, and soon as a correspondent in Europe. She covered Eisenhower's 1950 visit to Europe with Gordon Parks. She became the magazine's bureau chief in Rome in 1956; during her tenure there, she oversaw the magazine's coverage of the 1960 Summer Olympics and the election of Pope John XXIII. In 1960 she became assistant editor of the magazine, based in New York City, and in Houston from 1967 to 1969, to cover the Apollo program. She retired from Life in 1970. She also wrote for Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, and other national periodicals.
| 1.984375
| 0
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68420683
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Carl%20Rosenbaum
|
Joseph Carl Rosenbaum
|
Joseph Carl Rosenbaum (5 July 1770 – 26 December 1829) was an Austrian employee of the Esterházy family, later a private citizen whose house was a centre of Viennese social life.
Life
Rosenbaum was born in Vienna in 1770, son of an official of the Esterházy family. In 1785 he entered the service of Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy, and in 1797 he came to Vienna as the Prince's stable accountant.
He married in 1800 Therese Gassmann, an opera singer; on his marriage he had to leave his employment, and he then lived in Vienna as a private citizen. In 1816 he purchased a property in the Viennese district of Wieden, and laid out a garden. Through his wife he knew many people in the cultural life of the city, and his house became a centre of Viennese society.
From 1797 until his death he kept a diary, now in the Austrian National Library. It is an important source of information about Joseph Haydn, whom he knew well, and about Viennese theatre and other local affairs.
Rosenbaum was an adherent of Franz Joseph Gall's theory of phrenology, and in 1809 was involved in stealing the head of Joseph Haydn from the composer's grave. It was in his possession until his death.
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