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74279836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20UEFA%E2%80%93CONMEBOL%20Club%20Challenge
|
2023 UEFA–CONMEBOL Club Challenge
|
The 2023 UEFA–CONMEBOL Club Challenge (), named Antonio Puerta XII in honour of the former Sevilla player who died in 2007, was the inaugural edition of the UEFA–CONMEBOL Club Challenge, a football match organised by UEFA and CONMEBOL between the reigning champions of the UEFA Europa League and Copa Sudamericana. UEFA was in charge of the main organization of the first edition.
The UEFA–CONMEBOL Club Challenge was officially launched on 7 July 2023 as part of the UEFA–CONMEBOL memorandum of understanding.
The single match was played on 19 July 2023 at Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium in Seville, Spain, between Spanish club Sevilla, the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League winners and Ecuadorian club Independiente del Valle, the 2022 Copa Sudamericana winners.
Background
The match was announced by UEFA and CONMEBOL as a pilot edition. This was the first meeting between a Spanish and an Ecuadorian club representing UEFA and CONMEBOL, respectively. The match was, at the same time, the twelfth edition of the Antonio Puerta Trophy, an annual football match hosted by Sevilla dedicated to its former player Antonio Puerta, who died in 2007 at the age of 22 following a cardiac arrest, during the inaugural match of the 2007–08 La Liga season between Sevilla and Getafe. The official nature of the match was initially not entirely clear; UEFA considered it as a friendly due to the unlimited substitutions agreed by both clubs. However, on 10 June 2024, UEFA considered the tournament as official.
Sevilla won the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League on 31 May 2023, defeating Italian side Roma 4–1 penalties following a 1–1 draw after extra time in the final, making it a record of seven UEFA Cup/Europa League titles for the Sevillians. For its part, Independiente del Valle won their second Copa Sudamericana title by beating Brazilian side São Paulo 2–0 in the final of the 2022 Copa Sudamericana held on 1 October 2022.
| 1.90625
| 0
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74280236
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das%20Kleine%20Blatt
|
Das Kleine Blatt
|
Das Kleine Blatt (German: The Little Paper) was an Austrian newspaper which was published in Vienna. The paper was affiliated with the Social Democratic Workers' Party, known as the Social Democratic Party. It was started in 1927 and published until 1971 with some interruptions.
History and profile
The first issue of Das Kleine Blatt appeared on 1 March 1927. It was started as a daily newspaper with a small format which was kept until 1944. The paper was inspired from the British penny press. Julius Braunthal was its founding editor-in-chief. Johann Hirsch and Karl Ausch were its editors. It was published by Vorwarts, a publishing company of the Social Democratic Workers' Party. Many inexperienced journalists were employed at Das Kleine Blatt, including Karl Hans Sailer, Marianne Pollak, Jakob Meth, Ludwig Wagner and Walter Süss.
The goal of the paper was to make an indirect propaganda for social democracy with entertaining contributions. Das Kleine Blatt was not a theoretical publication like Arbeiter-Zeitung, another newspaper of the Social Democratic Workers' Party. However, it was an ardent critic of the Nazis claiming that the Nazi Party was the biggest enemy of the Austrian working class. In the first issue Das Kleine Blatt did not feature an editorial, but an illustration on its cover page. Ladislaus Kmoch's comic character Tobias Seicherl was published daily in the paper from 1930 becoming Austria's first daily comic strip. In the early period Das Kleine Blatt had a sports supplement.
From March 1933 Das Kleine Blatt and other Austrian publications were subject to state censorship. On 12 February 1934 the paper was banned, and Julius Braunthal left the paper. However, two weeks later it was revived as a state-backed newspaper for workers. In March 1938 the newspaper began to support the National Socialists. During this period it featured antisemitic cartoons.
| 2.203125
| 0
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74280292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Pakistan%20floods
|
2023 Pakistan floods
|
The 2023 Pakistan floods occurred from March to July of 2023, caused by monsoon rains which returned to Pakistan after nine months after the 2022 Pakistan floods. Floods worsened at the end of June due to upcoming monsoon rains. At least 159 people were killed, including many children.
Background
Many major floods have occurred in Pakistan. Flooding in 2020 killed 410 people and caused US$1.5 billion worth of damage, with 187 deaths occurring in Karachi in 2021 and 1,739 killed across the country in 2022.
Impact
As of July, at least 159 people had been killed, including 96 who died in July alone. There were also 264 injuries, including 151 who were hurt in July.
Balochistan
Flooding on 17 March killed ten people in Balochistan, including eight in Awaran District. On 30 April, flooding affected several houses, left four dead and four others injured. Flooding in July killed six in the province. In Pakistan, poor governance has exacerbated the issue of flooding, primarily impacting the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan. This calamity has claimed the lives of over 1,100 individuals and left 33 million others grappling with its devastating consequences. Additionally, nearly 750,000 people find themselves deprived of secure and suitable housing, access to education, and essential healthcare facilities.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Flooding in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province killed 11 people from 24 March to 3 April, with 17 more deaths, including eight from a landslide, and nine injuries occurring in the rest of April.
From June 10 to 11, over 20 people were killed and 100 others were injured due to flooding, including 15 in Bannu District. At least 20 more deaths occurred the following month, including eight children who were killed by a landslide in Shangla District on July 6.
Punjab
On July 5, at least 19 deaths occurred in Lahore due to electrocution or collapsing roofs. Flooding from 6-9 July killed 52 others across Punjab.
| 2.4375
| 0
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74280706
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology%20of%20gonorrhoea
|
Epidemiology of gonorrhoea
|
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that, in 2016, the global incidence rate was 20 per 1000 women and 26 per 1000 men, totaling 86.9 million new gonococcal infections among people between 15 and 49 years old.
Canada
As of 2018, gonorrhoea was the second most commonly reported STI in Canada. Its incidence rate has been rising since 1997.
Incidence rate among men was consistently higher than that among women (70.2 per 100,000 versus 40.6 per 100,000 in 2015). It was also increasing faster among men than women (85.2% versus 39.5% in 2010–2015). People between 15 and 29 years old had the highest rate. Geographically, the highest gonorrhoea rates in 2015 were found in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and Yukon.
Nordic countries
In Nordic countries, gonorrhoea affects mainly young people below the age of 30. Infections are more common in men than in women. Nearly half of the reported cases of gonorrhoea are attributed to men who have sex with men (MSM).
Greenlandic women have the highest incidence rate. In contrast to the other Nordic countries, in Greenland, the numbers of cases among women and among men are almost equally high. Incidence rates are significantly lower in the other Nordic countries. However, cases are rising in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The Faroe Islands has relatively few cases.
United Kingdom
In England, there were 82,592 diagnoses of gonorrhoea in 2022, an increase of 50.3% compared to 2021 (54,961). The number of gonorrhoea diagnoses in 2022 was the largest annual number reported since records began.
Diagnoses were increasing in people of all ages in England, but the rise was highest among young people aged 15 to 24 years. This trend was also detected in Scotland.
United States
| 2.453125
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74280706
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology%20of%20gonorrhoea
|
Epidemiology of gonorrhoea
|
Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2020 published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that, in 2020, a total of 677,769 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the CDC, a 45 percent increase from 2016,making it the second most common notifiable sexually transmitted infection in the United States for that year. Rates of reported gonorrhea have increased 111% since the historic low in 2009. During 2019–2020, the overall rate of reported gonorrhea increased 5.7%; rates increased among both males and females and in three regions of the United States (Midwest, Northeast, and South); rates of reported gonorrhea increased in 36 states and two US territories.
Since 2013, rates have been higher among men compared to women, likely reflecting cases identified in both men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women only. Although there are limited data available on sexual behaviors of persons reported with gonorrhea at the national level, enhanced data from jurisdictions participating in a sentinel surveillance system, the STD Surveillance Network (SSuN), suggest that about a third of gonorrhea cases occurred among MSM in 2020. During 2019–2020, rates increased among both men and women, but increases were greater among women (15%) compared to men (6.6%) which may reflect differences in diagnosing and reporting of cases among MSM in 2020. As extragenital infections are often asymptomatic and are likely identified by screening, diagnoses among MSM may have been reduced in 2020 due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on screening coverage.
| 2.390625
| 0
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74280954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Winthrop%20Conley
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Paul Winthrop Conley
|
Paul Winthrop Conley (November 18, 1917 – November 9, 1978) was an amateur boxing champion, a member of the "famed South Boston fighting family"
International Longshoremen’s Association District Council official and a beloved local figure in South Boston, Massachusetts.
Early life
Paul Winthrop Conley was born on November 18, 1917. He was the third son of Lawrence J. (“Larry”) Conley and Helen F. (McCarthy) Conley and brother of William G., Robert A. (“Bobby), Kenneth L. (“Kenney”), Leonard F., Donald F., Lorraine A., and Helen M. Conley. In his youth the family lived in a house at 668 East Sixth Street South Boston, Massachusetts. Conley’s father Larry Conley was a 1905 welterweight champion. After his boxing career ended, Larry Conley became a boxing manager, trainer, and referee. Later in life Larry Conley became a boxing instructor at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. After leaving Cornell University Larry Conley became a boxing instructor at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Larry Conley also served as a boxing instructor in the state of Massachusetts at Browne & Nichols, Fessenden, and Middlesex, preparatory schools. When he died suddenly in 1931 at the age of forty-four, Larry Conley was the boxing coach for the Harvard University Boxing Club. On November 20, 1931, a testimonial concert was held in Larry Conley’s honor at the Municipal Building in South Boston, Massachusetts. Larry Conley is often remembered as “one of Boston’s best beloved boxing figures” by many boxing fans. Throughout his lifetime Larry Conley encouraged his sons’ interest in boxing. Paul W. Conley’s older brother Bobby Conley also boxed in amateur tournaments. On December 6, 1934, Bobby Conley won the amateur title in the Irish American Athletic Association’s boxing show by defeating Walter Gardiner of Providence, Rhode Island. Kenney Conley boxed as an amateur boxer during his period of service in the United States Navy during World War II.
Boxing career
| 2.109375
| 0
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74281089
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Wilder%20Orr
|
James Wilder Orr
|
James Wilder Orr (born Huntington, New York, July 19, 1958) is an American fisheries biologist, ichthyologist, and systematist best known for his studies of skates, rockfishes, snailfishes, and flatfishes. He has described 32 new species and two new genera of fishes, and is the author or co-author of more than 130 scientific and popular articles, including three books. His work has focused primarily on the phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, reproductive biology, and behavior of marine teleosts, particularly deep-water benthic taxa. He has spent most of his career at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in Seattle, as a Research Fisheries Biologist. At the same time, he has served as an Affiliate Professor at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Affiliate Curator of Fishes at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle. For his lifetime of service, Orr was presented with a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Distinguished Career Award in 2022.
Education
Orr graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School, Huntsville, Alabama (1976), followed by a B.S. in biology at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois (1980); a M.S. in Fisheries Management at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (1987); and a Ph.D. in Fisheries at the University of Washington, Seattle (1995).
| 2.28125
| 0
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74281089
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Wilder%20Orr
|
James Wilder Orr
|
Academic contributions
Orr's work as a Research Fisheries Biologist for the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, has focused primarily on the marine biodiversity of the North Pacific Ocean especially the Bering and Chukchi seas and waters off southeast Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. From 1995 to 2013, he participated in NMFS Groundfish surveys, often as Chief Scientist, on the West Coast shelf and slope, Gulf of Alaska shelf, Aleutian Islands, and Bering and Chukchi seas. New taxa discovered and described by Orr (32 species and two genera) reside mostly in the family Liparidae, but also in the families Rajidae, Solenostomidae, Scorpaenidae, Cottidae, Zoarcidae, Ammodytidae, Pleuronectidae, and Oneirodidae. He is widely recognized as an expert on the evolutionary history, distribution, ecology, and behavior of North Pacific fishes in general, but especially the highly species-rich and economically important families Rajidae, Cottidae, Scorpaenidae, and Pleuronectidae.
Perhaps his most significant contributions lie in broad-based generic revisions of various taxa, incorporating morphology as well as molecular and early life-history characters; his Field Guide to Sharks, Skates, and Ratfish of Alaska; "Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distribution analysis;"Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska; and co-author of the three-volume Fishes of the Salish Sea: Puget Sound and the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca published by the University of Washington Press in 2019. Of great interest also is his study of "Reproductive parasitism between distant phyla: molecular identification of snailfish (Liparidae) egg masses in the gill cavities of king crabs (Lithodidae)" published in 2016.
| 2.203125
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74281387
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20W.%20Murray
|
Richard W. Murray
|
A geochemist and volcanologist, Murray studies marine geochemistry, collecting and examining marine sediments for chemical evidence of events such as climate change and volcanism.
He uses sedimentary evidence to study topics including volcanism, the dispersal of volcanic ash, climate change, and oceanographic processes in the subseafloor biosphere. Before core samples can be extracted from the sea floor, possible sites must be reviewed in terms of scientific, engineering, and safety issues. This competitive process can take as much as five years. Teams of investigators must then wait to be allocated time on a suitable ship.
A drill team extracts core samples by connecting continuous lengths of pipe that extend to the sea floor and then drilling down hundreds of meters into the Earth’s crust. The ship must stay fixed in its location for days or weeks to extract core samples. The oceanic sediments in a core sample can date back millions of years. Layers of sediment are examined for chemical and isotopic clues indicative of dust, pollen, volcanic ash, runoff from rivers, microbes, and plankton. In some cases, concentrations are measured in parts-per-trillion. Components of pore water such as the concentrations of metals and nutrients and alkalinity also provide clues to the climate and conditions in effect when a sediment layer was deposited. Oceanic core samples are eventually archived in long-term storage facilities at 4°C, available for further study of the geologic and climate record.
| 2.875
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74282766
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin%20N.%20Hurmuzachi
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Constantin N. Hurmuzachi
|
Constantin Nicolae Hurmuzachi (October 3, 1863–February 22, 1937) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian biologist.
Born in Cernăuți to Natalia and Nicolae Hurmuzachi, he joined the Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna while still a schoolboy. He graduated high school in his native city in 1881. After studying at the philosophy faculty of Czernowitz University for a year, he transferred to the law faculty, studying there from 1882 to 1885. He left for the University of Vienna that year, taking a law degree in 1886. In 1888, he was hired by the finance office in Cernăuți. He sat in the Diet of Bukovina from 1910 to 1914. He left for Vienna in 1914, working at the Botanical Institute and the Zoological Society, researching fauna. In 1918, he was elected to the National Romanian Council of Bukovina. In 1919, he was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy. In 1925, he returned to his native province, by now part of Greater Romania. He divided his estate at Ropcea among the peasants and dedicated himself to studying the flora and fauna of northern Romania.
His chief interest was in entomology, particularly the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera of Romania. Over fifty years of intense research led Hurmuzachi to publish over ninety studies in German, French, and Romanian, mainly of Lepidoptera. His monographs on the Morphocarabus subgenus and on the Melitaea and Erebia genera broke new ground. He described new species of butterflies from Bukovina. In 1897, he published the first biogeographical map in Romanian, showing the flora, fauna and climate of Bukovina. In 1931, he was named a professor at the science faculty of the University of Cernăuți, where he held Romania's first university-level course on biogeography. He died in Cernăuți.
| 1.9375
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74283190
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximar-100
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Maximar-100
|
The Maximar-100 is a radiation therapy device that was made by General Electric to deliver superficial x-rays.
The Maximar-100's x-ray source is the GE SRT-1, an x-ray tube specifically designed for use in the Maximar-100. This is a fixed-anode, reflection-type x-ray tube, whose name is composed of three parts: "SR" meaning self-rectified, "T" meaning therapeutic, and "1" indicating a 1-mm diameter nominal focal spot size. Its beryllium window produces a beam with very low inherent filtration but it is subject to beam non-uniformity due to heel effect.
The generator produces a voltage that is continuously adjustable between 30 and 100 kVp and a continuously adjustable current between 0 and 5 mA. An analog indicator and rheostat is provided allowing for feedback, so adjustments can be made to compensate for drift during treatment.
The unit uses a set of interchangeable aluminum filters of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm thickness which filter the beam's spectrum, but also substantially effects its intensity. Collimation is achieved using two sets of open ended circular applicators. The first are cylindrical and provide fields of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm diameter at a 15 cm source-to-skin distance. The second are conical and provide fields of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm diameter at a 30 cm source-to-skin distance.
The unit was first manufactured in 1953 and proved durable. It was rated for a 50% duty cycle, i.e. 4 hours of operation at full power, 100 kVp and 5 mA, in any 8 hour period. As of 2022, at least one unit had been in clinical service continually since 1953. Where this unit has been replaced by newer technology, it remains a clinical touchstone and basis for comparison.
| 2
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74283447
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Sackett
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Hugh Sackett
|
Leyland Hugh Sackett (13 August 1928 – 12 April 2020) was an archeologist credited with being among the discoverers of the Palaikastro Kouros.
Education
Sackett attended Merton College at Oxford.
Work
As an archeologist, Sackett co-directed excavations at Lefkandi (Mervyn Popham was the other co-director) and worked at Minoan Palaikastro and Roman Knossos in Crete. His work at Lefkandi took place from 1962 to 1963 and 1964–1990, investigating Iron Age Greece. His excavation work at Palaikastro took place from 1962 to 1963 and 1983–2020.
Additional work included excavations at Chios, Knossos, and Attica.
His association with the British School at Athens began in 1954. Sackett was assistant director of the school from 1961 to 1963 and later became a vice-president there.
He taught classics and Greek archeology at the Groton School in Massachusetts for more than 60 years. He was Groton's longest-serving faculty member. Beginning in 1968 and until at least 2006, he was released from duties at Groton in the spring term in order to pursue his archeological work in Greece.
Sackett received the Gold Medal of the Archaeological Institute of America.
Personal life
Sackett married his wife Eleanor in 1995. Sackett was the stepfather of Henry Davis, an attorney.
| 1.976563
| 0
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74283715
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Michigan%20500
|
1985 Michigan 500
|
The 1985 Michigan 500, the fifth running of the event, was held at the Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan, on Sunday, July 28, 1985. The event was race number 7 of 15 in the 1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series. The race was won by Emerson Fittipaldi, his first Indy Car victory. The race was delayed for one week over concerns about Goodyear's new radial tires.
Background
As was the case in 1983 and 1984, Domino's Pizza offered a one million dollar bonus to any driver who could win IndyCar's Triple Crown of 500 Mile Races: The Indianapolis 500, Michigan 500, and Pocono 500. Danny Sullivan won the 1985 Indianapolis 500 and entered Michigan still eligible to win the million dollars.
Rick Mears suffered severe feet injuries in a crash in September 1984. Mears was only running oval races in 1985 and the Michigan 500 would mark his third race of the season.
Practice and Time Trials
Practice began on Thursday, July 19. Mario Andretti set the fastest speed at 215.253 mph. Bobby Rahal was second fastest at 213.270 mph. Andretti had two separate spins an hour apart in the session after hitting a bump exiting turn two. A. J. Foyt hit the turn two wall shortly after practice began when a right-rear wheel broke. Foyt had to go to a backup car. Roberto Guerrero spun exiting turn two but didn't hit anything.
In Friday's morning practice session, Bobby Rahal crashed in turn two after hitting the same bump that affected Andretti on Thursday. Rahal's team switched to a backup car.
Time Trials were held on Friday afternoon. After preparing his backup car, Rahal won the pole with a speed of 215.202 mph. The speed was not only a track record, but the fastest speed ever in Indy car competition. Rick Mears was second fastest at 213.720 mph. Joining Rahal and Mears on the front row was Danny Sullivan at 211.758 mph. 27 cars posted qualifying speeds.
| 2.140625
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74283721
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20Michigan%20500
|
1986 Michigan 500
|
The 1986 Michigan 500, the sixth running of the event, was held at the Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan, on Saturday, August 2, 1986. The race was won by Johnny Rutherford, his 27th and final Indy Car victory. It was Rutherford's sixth win in IndyCar racing's Triple Crown of 500 mile races, and his first at the Michigan 500. The event was race number 9 of 17 in the 1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series.
Background
After years of being defined by a rough, bumpy, asphalt surface, Michigan International Speedway was repaved in the spring of 1986. The smooth new surface produced higher grips and higher speeds. In testing on July 23, Rick Mears ran a lap speed of 222.5 mph. It was unofficially the first time an Indy car ran a lap speed over 220 mph.
As was the case the past three years, Domino's Pizza offered a one million dollar bonus to any driver who could win IndyCar's Triple Crown of 500 Mile Races: The Indianapolis 500, Michigan 500, and Pocono 500. Bobby Rahal won the 1986 Indianapolis 500 and entered Michigan still eligible to win the million dollars.
Practice and Time Trials
Practice opened on Wednesday, July 30. Bobby Rahal set the fastest practice speed at 220.723 mph. Rick Mears was second at 220.467 mph. Roberto Guerrero, Ed Pimm, and Randy Lanier comprised the top-five fastest cars.
The opening round of Time Trials was held on Thursday, July 31. Rick Mears broke the world closed-course speed record with a lap of 223.401 mph. The previous record had been 221.160, set by Mark Donohue at Talladega Superspeedway in August 1975. Mears was nearly four miles per hour faster than Al Unser in second place at 219.552 mph. Bobby Rahal completed the front row with a speed of 218.759 mph.
Roughly one hour after his pole-winning time, Rick Mears crashed his car in turn two. After losing control, the car impacted the wall and damaged the nose and left-front suspension. If Mears's team was unable to repair the car, he would have lost his pole position and had to start from the rear of the field.
| 2.21875
| 0
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74283749
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Michigan%20500
|
1990 Michigan 500
|
The 1990 Michigan 500, the tenth running of the event, was held at the Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan, on Sunday, August 5, 1990. Branded as the 1990 Marlboro 500 for sponsorship reasons, the event was race number 10 of 16 in the 1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series. The race was won by Al Unser Jr., his first 500-mile Indy Car victory. With an average speed of 189.727 mph, it remained the fastest 500 mile Indy car race until the 2002 The 500 at California Speedway.
Background
Between 1981 and 1989, the Michigan 500 was part of IndyCar racing's Triple Crown of 500 mile races. It existed as the "middle jewel" of IndyCar's three "crown jewel" races: the Indianapolis 500, Michigan 500, and Pocono 500. However, following the 1989 season, Pocono Raceway chose to cancel their IndyCar race moving forward, citing decreased interest from fans in Indycar racing. This ultimately ended IndyCar's Triple Crown aspect of their schedule and left Indianapolis and Michigan as the only two 500 mile races.
Like at Pocono, the crowd for the Michigan 500 had shrunk in recent years as well, from the peak in 1986 at 80,000 spectators, to only 55,000 in 1989. By comparison, the August NASCAR race at the track two weeks after the Michigan 500 attracted 80,000 spectators.
Arie Luyendyk won the 1990 Indianapolis 500.
For the third straight year, Marlboro offered the Marlboro Million, offering a one million dollar prize should a driver win the Marlboro Grand Prix at the Meadowlands, the Marlboro 500 at Michigan, and the Marlboro Challenge. Three weeks before the Marlboro 500, Michael Andretti won the Marlboro Grand Prix and entered Michigan still eligible for the Marlboro Million.
Practice and Time Trials
Thursday's opening practice session was marked by high speeds and two crashes. Rick Mears posted the fastest speed at 221.682 mph. Al Unser Jr. was second fastest at 221.511 mph, followed by Emerson Fittipaldi at 221.426 mph.
| 2.21875
| 0
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74283755
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Michigan%20500
|
1991 Michigan 500
|
Race
21 cars started the race, the smallest 500 mile Indy car race since the 1916 Indianapolis 500, which also had 21 starters. The race also saw a then-record low attendance of 50,000 spectators. By comparison, the NASCAR Winston Cup race two months earlier attracted 90,000 spectators.
For the first time, the Michigan 500 was started with the cars lined up in rows of two instead of rows of three. Emerson Fittipaldi led the first lap but was overtaken by Mario and Michael Andretti on the backstretch on lap two. After starting 20th, Arie Luyendyk charged to 8th after two laps. Paul Tracy, in his debut race for Team Penske, crashed exiting turn four on lap three. Tracy suffered a broken left leg and underwent surgery to repair it later that night at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis.
On the restart, Michael Andretti took the lead from his father. Shortly after, the caution came back out when John Andretti slowed on the backstretch. When racing resumed, Rick Mears took the lead.
Emerson Fittipaldi hit the wall in turn three and exited the race on lap 23. On the restart, Al Unser Jr. took the lead and paced the field for 17 laps. Michael Andretti retook the lead and built a sizable advantage. Between lap 53 and 132, Andretti led all but three laps.
The sixth caution came out on lap 125 when Scott Goodyear blew an engine and stopped on track. On the restart, Arie Luyendyk took the lead for the first time. Ten laps later, Michael Andretti blew an engine and fell out of the race. He had led a race high 82 laps. Luyendyk continued to lead with the exception of three laps during green flag pit stops.
On lap 183, Bobby Rahal blew an engine and brought out a caution flag. On the restart, Arie Luyendyk jumped the restart and passed the lapped car of John Andretti before the green flag waved. A trackside caution light was damaged by debris in the Tracy crash and Luyendyk was unable to judge when the green flag was waved. He was given a stop and go penalty. Mears extended his lead over Mario Andretti and Luyendyk.
| 2.171875
| 0
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74284557
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s%20Lino%20e%20Silva
|
Moisés Lino e Silva
|
Moisés Lino e Silva is a social anthropologist, professor at the Federal University of Bahia in Brazil and a World Social Science fellow of the International Social Science Council. He is originally from Goiás. The scholar is an editorial board member of Cadernos de Campo, an anthropology journal published by the University of São Paulo. In 2019, he won the Global Religion Research Initiative Award, given by the University of Notre Dame. Lino e Silva was also named an ALARI Fellow (2019-2020) at Harvard University. He was appointed visiting associate professor in women's and gender studies at Harvard University in the Fall 2023, where he taught "Queer Lives in the Global South" and "Queer Ethnographies."
Education
Moisés Lino e Silva has a BA in international relations from the University of Brasília (2002), a master's degree in social anthropology from the London School of Economics and Political Sciences (2007), and a PhD in social anthropology from the University of St Andrews (2012). He pursued postdoctoral research in the same area at Harvard University in 2013.
Scholarship
Lino e Silva's field of focus is that of political anthropology, with a specialty in the ethnographic study of liberty and authority. This is examined in relation to issues such as poverty, sexuality, race, and religion. His initial in-field research considered the aspects and issues of freedom as experienced and perceived by slum dwellers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and more recently in Nigeria.
| 2.09375
| 0
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74284557
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s%20Lino%20e%20Silva
|
Moisés Lino e Silva
|
In a public endorsement of Minoritarian Liberalism, political theorist Wendy Brown affirmed: "Lino e Silva's remarkable book fulfills its ambition to decolonize the freedom at liberalism's heart. Equal parts erudite political theory and delicate anthropology, it roams a favela in Rio for stories and imaginaries across Blackness, queerness, gender, and class, where it discovers everywhere the bubbling of minoritarian desires and practices of freedom. This beautifully written work does nothing less than bring liberalism--as theory and practice--into the twenty-first century."
The anthropologist's first book, Freedom in Practice: Governance, Autonomy and Liberty in the Everyday, is a collection of eight essays by diverse authors and was coedited with Huon Wardle. It includes a co-written introduction with Wardle and a chapter by Lino e Silva on the concept of "queer liberation" in a Brazilian favela. The book was reviewed by the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JRAI). In his analysis, Luca Parisoli (Universita della Calabria) affirms: "this book is a very interesting contribution to a conceptual issue: why is freedom so rarely a keyword in anthropological analyses?"
Public Engagements
| 2.125
| 0
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74284663
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheikh%20el-Arab
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Cheikh el-Arab
|
Ahmed ben Mohamed Faouzi (; , ; – 7 August 1964), nicknamed Cheikh el-Arab (), was a Moroccan nationalist and veteran of the Moroccan Army of Liberation.
Early life and education
Ahmed ben Mohamed ben Brahim Bouchlaken was born in Agouliz, a village near Irherm in the Sous region of Morocco. An ethnic Berber, he was born in the Shilha Ait Issafen sub-tribe of the Ahl Tata. He was known under the Tachelhit variant of his first name, H'mad. His father, Mohamed ben Brahim, was a fqih who briefly migrated to Tindouf and ran a corner store before returning to his village and marrying his wife, Khadija bent Said. Mohamed later moved to the El Akkari district of Rabat and ran another corner store.
Ahmed attended a madrassa in his youth and received rudimentary education in the Quran and the Arabic language. At age 12, he left for Rabat to join his father, with legend stating that he walked the entire 675 kilometers alongside other youths from the village. He attended another madrassa in Rabat and worked as an assistant in his father's corner store. He worked at the Mohammed V school in Rabat before working as a cook at the M'hammed Guessous school, where he also studied.
Militant career
He went by Ahmed Agouliz to distinguish himself from other resistance fighters named Ahmed, and he bore the name Ahmed ben Mohamed Faouzi or H'mad Fouzi on his identification papers.
According to mortuary records, he died following a gunshot wound to the rib cage. Another member of the group, 37-year-old Ahmed Aznag of Sidi Othmane, died of a gunshot wound to the skull.
| 1.945313
| 0
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74284950
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Nepomuk%20Wold%C5%99ich
|
Jan Nepomuk Woldřich
|
Jan Nepomuk Woldřich (; 15 July 1834 – 3 February 1906) was a Czech-Austrian geologist, paleontologist and amateur archaeologist. He served as a professor at the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague.
Biography
Woldřich was born in Zdíkov in Bohemia, Austrian Empire, to the family of a tailor. His father was Jozef and his mother was Terezie. He went to the school in Zdíkovec and gymnasium in České Budějovice before joining the University of Vienna. From 1859 he taught at secondary schools including the Salzburg State Gymnasium (1862–1869), before becoming a professor of geology and paleontology at the Bohemian University of Prague in 1893, working there until 1905. His work included studies on the Climate of Salzburg, fossils from Bohemia and on prehistoric life. From 1874 he began to examine prehistoric settlements, taking part in archaeological digs. He helped establish a school and industrial school in Zdíkov. He was made dean of the faculty of philosophy towards the end of his life. His son, Josef, also became a professor of geology.
Woldřich died in Prague and is buried in the Vinohrady Cemetery. A memorial plaque was fixed at his home in Zdíkov.
| 2.109375
| 0
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74285579
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit%20saturation%20curve
|
Open-circuit saturation curve
|
The open-circuit saturation curve (also open-circuit characteristic, OCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output open circuit voltage as a function of the excitation current or field. The curve is typically plotted alongside the synchronous impedance curve.
At the low field, the permeable iron in the magnetic circuit of the generator is not saturated, therefore the reluctance almost entirely depends on the fixed contribution of the air gap, so the part of the curve that starts at the point of origin is a linear "air-gap line" (output voltage is proportional to the excitation current). As the iron saturates with higher excitation and thus higher magnetic flux, the reluctance increases, and the OCC deflects down from the air-gap line.
The curve is obtained by rotating the generator at the rated RPM with the output terminals disconnected and the output voltage typically going to at least 120% of the rated for the device. The hydraulic units sometimes have to be tested at lower RPM with the resulting voltage scaled up to accommodate the differences in frequency. Since the test goes above the rated voltage, the step-up transformer is typically also disconnected to avoid damaging it.
The open circuit saturation curve could be used together with the zero power factor curve in Potier Triangle Method.
| 1.992188
| 0
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74286749
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Becker
|
Anna Becker
|
Anna Becker is an Israeli researcher known in the field of artificial intelligence and computer science within the financial field.
Early life and education
Becker was born in Russia and immigrated to Israel at 16 after graduating from a school in Moscow. At 17, she began her studies at Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. During her master's degree in computer science, she taught first-year students of the same course, and at 27, Becker completed her PhD in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence.
Career
While pursuing her PhD, Becker resolved an NP-complete approximation algorithm that had been unresolved for over twenty years. This made her a recognized scholar in the field. After completing her PhD, she developed an approximation technique by a factor of two. This technique is widely used today in operating systems, database systems, and VLSI chip designs.
She then founded and sold Strategy Runner, a fintech software. After this, she founded EndoTech, an algorithmic trading platform based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. As of 2023, Becker is working on Fianchetto Fund, an AI-based investing analysis platform.
Becker has also co-authored a book on Bayesian networks, which has been published widely in the field of computer science and artificial intelligence.
| 1.96875
| 0
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74286904
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%20Th%E1%BB%ABa%20V%C5%A9
|
Vương Thừa Vũ
|
Upon returning to Vietnam in 1941, he was imprisoned by colonial authorities and converted to communism in 1943 during confinement. After the 1945 Japanese coup d'état overthrew the French government, he escaped from Nghĩa Lộ prison and was detained by rural villagers at Pa Hu, who mistook him for a French agent. Vũ narrowly avoided execution due to recognising the local language, promptly discovering that the villagers all carried the surname Vương. By claiming to have the same surname, he was spared and taken in by them, later adopting the name Vương Thừa Vũ as his revolutionary nom-de-guerre.
After the August Revolution that year, he took up service with the Viet Minh as the commander of their security forces in Hanoi. He was dispatched to Sơn Tây for training sometime afterwards, but was abruptly recalled to Hanoi in October the following year when the DRV's relationship with France reached breaking point.
First Indochina War
Hanoi, 1946
As relations between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and France continued deteriorating in 1946, conflict grew increasingly likely, culminating in the Hai Phong incident. Anticipating further attacks by French forces, who had a 6,000-strong presence in Hanoi, the Viet Minh leadership appointed Vũ and approved his plan to defend the city.
| 2.890625
| 0
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74286904
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%20Th%E1%BB%ABa%20V%C5%A9
|
Vương Thừa Vũ
|
On August 28, 1949, the Viet Minh formed its first regular, modern infantry battalion (later division) in Thai Nguyen province, the 308th Infantry Division. In light of the People's Liberation Army's rapid victories in China and the ongoing stalemate, the Vietnamese leaders realised they needed to professionalise and reorganise their military in order to wage war using modern weaponry that would arrive when the PLA reached the Vietnamese border. The unexpected PLA successes meant that the PAVN could now transition from guerrilla tactics to modern, conventional warfare in line with Mao's "General Counteroffensive" principles. They expanded their General Staff, recruiting more logistics, intelligence, and instruction personnel, and built a sophisticated officer corps trained to fight pitched, coordinated battles. They devised a new framework for infantry units, including large divisions numbering 10,000 to 15,000 men, and appointed the distinguished Vũ as commander.
His division was soon involved in a series of major engagements. They fought against General Tassigny's forces in several abortive attempts to penetrate the Red River Delta, starting at Vĩnh Yên in January 1951, where initial success in half-destroying Group Mobile 3 was trounced by heavy French firepower during their counterattack, causing heavy losses. Firepower and the determined resistance of French troops again defeated the 308th and its sister divisions (the 312th and 316th) at Mạo Khê in March and the Day River in May–June, with human wave attacks failing to dislodge the French.
| 2.6875
| 0
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74286963
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgede
|
Asgede
|
Asgede () is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Mi'irabawi Zone, Asgede is bordered along the south by the Tekeze River which separates the woreda on the south from Tselemti and to the west and northwest by Tahtay Adyabo, on the north by La'ilay Adiyabo, on the northeast by Tahtay Koraro, and on the east by Tsimbla. Although Mayhansse town is the largest town and relatively center of the woreda, corrupt cadres have deflected the administrative center to Kisad Gaba town so that they can easily work while living in Shire. Other towns include Dedebit, Adi Mehameday, Hibret and Hitsats.
Overview
Located in this woreda is Dedebit, where the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front established their first military base in February 1975.
Asgede was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as an area for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas. Along with Tsegede, which was the other woreda selected in Tigray that year, Asgede received that year a total of 24,000 heads of households and 96,000 total family members.
| 2.0625
| 0
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74288076
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescent%20angiogenesis
|
Coalescent angiogenesis
|
Angiogenesis is the process of the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vascular structures, which is needed for oxygenation of - and providing nutrients to - expanding tissue. Angiogenesis takes place through different modes of action. Coalescent angiogenesis is a mode of angiogenesis where vessels coalesce or fuse to increase blood circulation. This process transforms an inefficient net structure into a more efficient treelike structure. It is the opposite of intussusceptive angiogenesis, which is where vessels split to form new vessels.
Background
While the most studied mode of angiogenesis is sprouting angiogenesis, several different modes of angiogenesis have been described. Among these are intussusceptive angiogenesis or splitting angiogenesis, vessel cooption, and vessel elongation. A novel form of angiogenesis is the process called ‘’’coalescent angiogenesis’’’, which is the opposite of intussusceptive angiogenesis. This mode of angiogenesis was reported from studies of long-term time-lapse microscopy in the vasculature of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), where this novel non-sprouting mode for vessel generation was observed.
| 2.546875
| 0
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74289597
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81st%20Regiment%20Infantry%20U.S.%20Colored%20Troops
|
81st Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops
|
81st Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops was a regiment of United States Colored Troops during the American Civil War. Initially formed as the 9th Infantry, Corps d'Afrique on September 2, 1863, the regiment was re-designated as the 81st Regiment Infantry on April 4, 1864. It primarily served at Port Hudson, Louisiana, and was mustered out on November 30, 1866.
Formation and Service
The regiment was initially formed as the 9th Infantry of the Corps d'Afrique. On April 4, 1864, it received its final designation as the 81st Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops. The unit was stationed at Port Hudson, Louisiana, where it played a significant role in the Union's military operations in the region.
Command and Operations
John F. Appleton of Maine served as the commanding officer of the 81st Regiment. Despite its readiness and training, the regiment did not engage in direct combat during its service. Its primary responsibilities involved garrison duties and support roles within the Union's military structure in Louisiana.
| 2.78125
| 0
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74289842
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20C.%20Todd
|
Robert C. Todd
|
Robert Clow Todd (c.1809 – 7 May 1866) was an early Canadian painter, known for his genre paintings and as a teacher.
Career
Todd was born in Berwick-upon-Tweed, England and as a young man lived in Edinburgh and London, where he painted insignia on carriages such as escutcheons of arms. In 1833, he emigrated to Lower Canada and lived in Quebec City and in suburban Montmorency, Quebec. He advertised himself in the newspapers as a painter of signs, carriage insignia, and ornamental work adding . In 1853, he moved to Toronto where he advertised himself as a "Banner, Herald, Sign, and Ornamental Painter", adding "having been for several years employed by many of the first nobility and gentry in London and Edinburgh, trusts that he shall give satisfaction to those who may favor him with their patronage" ("The Quebec Gazette", January 27, 1834). He also may have carved and gilded figures in wood.
Todd is known for the spirited genre paintings he created in Quebec, horses and sleighs with their owners and tobogganers sliding down the ice cone at Montmorency Falls in winter such as The Ice Cone, Montmorency Falls, Quebec (c.1845–1850). Today, one version is in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, another in the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, and one in the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
He also painted Montmorency Falls in the summer.
Besides these paintings, he painted portraits of horses commissioned by their owners such as the trotter Corbeau (which translates to Raven and was named for its shiny black coat) (1845, National Gallery of Canada) - the first horse picture painted in Canada - as well as the Quebec lumber docks and other works. In 1855, in Toronto, he painted a Marine subject (National Gallery of Canada). It is the only work which seems to survive from his later Toronto period.
He taught at both Séminaire de Québec and at Loretto Convent (later Loretto Abbey) in Toronto.
| 2.359375
| 0
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74290226
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arie%20Smit%20%28shipbuilder%29
|
Arie Smit (shipbuilder)
|
In 1873 Arie visited Vlissingen to advise on a ship that was lying in Vlissingen Navy Drydock. While there, Arie observed the site of the former Navy shipyard Rijkswerf Vlissingen, part of Vlissingen Naval Base and abandoned in 1868. Arie then made plans for a small auxiliary shipyard there. However, the abandonement of the navy shipyard had ruined Vlissingen. Harbor works and the opening of the Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway in 1873 did not remedy this situation. Therefore, B.J. Tideman of Delft University and the Dutch navy got government orders to found a big shipyard and machine factory in Vlissingen. When Tideman learned of Arie's plans, he jumped at the opportunity, and the king went as far to personally ask Arie to found a shipyard in Vlissingen.
In 1875 Shipyard De Schelde was founded. Arie was very much involved in managing De Schelde, but did this as president of the supervisory board, not as chief executive. He continued as president till just before his 80th birthday. In Vlissingen Arie would also found a beer brewery.
Politics
The time in Vlissingen started Arie's political career. He became mayor of Vlissingen in July 1879 and remained so till August 1888. From 1882 to 1886 Arie was in the Provincial Council of Zeeland. In 1886 the Liberal Arie was elected to the national House of Representatives by a majority of only 11 votes.
| 2.1875
| 0
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69703524
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpaenini
|
Scorpaenini
|
Scorpaenini is a tribe of marine ray-finned fishes, one of two tribes in the subfamily Scorpaeninae. This tribe contains the "typical" or "true" scorpionfishes. The taxonomy of the scorpionfishes is in some flux, the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World treats this taxa as a tribe within the subfamily Scorpaeninae of the family Scorpaenidae within the order Scorpaeniformes, while other authorities treat it as a subfamily within a reduced family Scorpaenidae within the suborder Scorpaenoidei, or the superfamily Scorpaenoidea within the order Perciformes.
Genera
The tribe Scorpaenini contains at least 17 genera and nearly 200 species:
Hipposcorpaena Fowler, 1938
Hoplosebastes Schmidt, 1929
Idiastion Eschmeyer, 1965
Iracundus Jordan & Evermann, 1903
Neomerinthe Fowler, 1935
Neoscorpaena Mandrytsa, 2001
Parascorpaena Bleeker, 1876
Phenacoscorpius Fowler, 1938
Pogonoscorpius Regan, 1908
Pontinus Poey 1860
Pteroidichthys Bleeker, 1856
Rhinopias Gill, 1905
Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758
Scorpaenodes Bleeker, 1857
Scorpaenopsis Heckel 1837
Sebastapistes Gill, 1877
Taenianotus Lacépède, 1802
Thysanichthys Jordan & Starks, 1904
Ursinoscorpaenopsis Nakabo & Yamada, 1996
| 2.1875
| 0
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69703718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedebit%20Elementary%20School%20airstrike
|
Dedebit Elementary School airstrike
|
Investigations
Investigators from both Human Rights Watch and the UN found no evidence of Dedebit being used for military purposes, and survivors of the attack "unanimous[ly]" told investigators that they had not seen soldiers or military equipment near the camp.
The drone used by the ETAF may have been purchased from Turkey, as the munitions used in the attack were MAM-Ls (), which were used exclusively for the Turkish Bayraktar TB2. At the time the airstrike had occurred, the ENDF was also the only military force in the war that was using armed drones. Open-source investigators and news research teams determined that Bahir Dar Airport in the Amhara Region was the most likely takeoff location. The airport – located around 278 km (173 mi) south of Dedebit – was the only base that was close enough for a TB2 to both launch MAM-L bombs and make a return trip back.
On 24 March 2022, Human Rights Watch requested the Ethiopian government to investigate the airstrike, describing it as a "likely" war crime. UN investigators from the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (ICHREE) came to a similar conclusion in September the same year, stating that they had "reasonable grounds to believe that the ETAF committed war crimes," among them being the airstrike on Dedebit. The ICHREE made note of the "surgical nature" of MAM-L munitions (which allowed those operating the drones "real-time surveillance" of who and what they were targeting), as well as the locations of where the first and second bombs were dropped. The commission stated that the Ethiopian military had "violated the principles of precaution and proportionality" and "intentionally directed an attack against civilians".
| 1.921875
| 0
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69703814
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie%20%28astronomy%29
|
Maggie (astronomy)
|
Maggie is a vast cloud of hydrogen gas observed within our own Milky Way galaxy. It is a filament of hydrogen 3,900 light-years long and 130 light-years wide. It is a single coherent structure with all parts showing similar velocity with respect to the local standard of rest. It is one of the biggest structures within the Milky Way. "Maggie" is located about 55,000 light-years away (on the other side of the Milky Way). Maggie contains eight percent molecular hydrogen by mass fraction; the rest being atomic hydrogen. It is hoped the cloud will provide clues to one of the earliest stages of star formation.
It was first named by Colombian astronomer Juan D. Soler, an astrophysicist affiliated with the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Rome, Italy. He named it after the longest river in his native country, the Río Magdalena (Anglicized: Margaret, or "Maggie"). Astronomers discovered the cloud as part of The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR). It was first described in December 2021 in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
| 2.75
| 0
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69703870
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Malte%20von%20Heinz
|
Karl Malte von Heinz
|
Karl Malte von Heinz (1904 – February 17, 1971) was an Austrian architect who designed a number of buildings in India. After emigrating to British India, some of his first buildings include residences for wealthy clients in Hyderabad. In the 1930s, he designed several buildings of the Jamia Milia Islamia. Detained by the government for his Austrian nationality, he resumed his practice upon his release in 1946.
After Indian independence, he designed various diplomatic buildings in the Chanakyapuri neighborhood of Delhi, including the missions of Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Thailand, and the Vatican. He also worked on private residences in Delhi. He is regarded as a major influence on the work of I. M. Kadri and several other architects of the 1970s.
Career
Von Heinz was educated in Paris. Not much is known about his early life and career, and no contemporary literature discussing his life exists. He had come to India as a refugee due to the crackdown on the Bauhaus movement in Nazi Germany. A source notes that he began his Indian career in Indore State, while another claims that it was Hyderabad State.
While there is no evidence of his work in Indore, he designed several mansions for noblemen in Hyderabad, and is regarded as a pioneer of the art deco style in the city. These included Kohistan, the deori of Mehdi Nawaz Jung, which is built into natural rock formations. Other residences included the Dr. Hyder Ali Khan mansion and Mount Pleasant. After his work in Hyderabad, he worked on the Pataudi Palace, a neoclassical building built around two inner courtyards, completed in 1935.
| 2.4375
| 0
|
69704147
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Apple%20Tree
|
Red Apple Tree
|
Kokkini Milia (Greek: Κόκκινη Μηλιά, meaning: Red Apple Tree) according to the Greek people’s traditions, is a legendary place to which the Turks will be expelled from Constantinople, modern day Istanbul. According to the legend, after the liberation of the former-Byzantine capital, a "Marbled King" will ascend the throne and worship at the church of Hagia Sophia.
According to the folklore research conducted by Nikolaos Politis, the Red Apple Tree corresponds to Monodendrio of the pre-Fall Byzantine oracles and prophecies told during the dangerous sieges faced by Constantinople. However, how and when Monodendrio was replaced by the Red Apple Tree and what the latter was based on remains unknown.
It is likely relevant to the Turkish legend of the Red Apple (Kızıl Elma), which symbolizes the ultimate goal of conquest. Constantinople was first labelled as the Red Apple, followed by Rome, Vienna and Moscow.
The legend and the term are also used in modern times. Left and right-wing nationalists who fear a break-up of Turkey if it joins the European Union call themselves the "Red Apple Coalition". In early 2018, the legend was invoked by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during the Turkish military operation against Kurds in Syria’s Afrin Region.
| 2.28125
| 0
|
69704182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-8%20and%20His%20Battle%20Aces
|
G-8 and His Battle Aces
|
In 1930 Popular Publications was started by Harry Steeger and Harold Goldsmith; they launched four pulp magazines that year, one of which was Battle Aces, with the first issue dated October 1930. It published stories about war in the air: in a contemporary writers' magazine, Steeger declared the requirements for submissions were "scorching action, close plot, and dramatic situations. Dogfights and binges are good color, but don't rely on them to sell the story". Pulp historian Ed Hulse comments that Steeger's earlier experience as a pulp editor with Dell Magazines "had not gone to waste", and lists Battle Aces as "[one of] the most enjoyable air-war pulps of the Thirties". It initially sold about 80% of the 100,000 copies printed; the other three pulps started by Popular were selling in the 40-60% range. Despite this initial success it only lasted two years, ceasing publication with the December 1932 issue.
In 1931, rival publisher Street & Smith launched The Shadow, a hero pulp magazine featuring a lead novel in every issue about The Shadow, a mysterious crimefighter. Battle Aces ceased publication in December 1932, but Steeger had noticed the success of The Shadow (as had other publishers) and decided to launch his own single-character pulps, including The Spider, about another crime-fighter. To come up with another title Steeger approached Robert J. Hogan, one of his favorite authors. Hogan had recently begun selling to the pulps, and many of his stories were about war in the air, so it was natural for him to propose that the new magazine would be an air-war pulp. Steeger relaunched Battle Aces, under the new title G-8 and His Battle Aces, with the first issue dated October 1933.
| 1.9375
| 0
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69704216
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Jacobson%20%28goldsmith%29
|
Philip Jacobson (goldsmith)
|
Philip Jacobson was a London goldsmith who worked for James VI and I and Anne of Denmark.
He was a son of Philip Jacob Jacobson of Antwerp and Anne de Croyes, a daughter of Philipp de Croyes of Antwerp. He resided in St Margaret's parish in London. King James vetoed his bid become an English citizen or denizen in 1624, which required an Act of Parliament, in order to continue to profit from customs revenue generated by his trade.
In May 1605 Arnold Lulls was paid £1,550 and Jacobson was paid £980 for jewels set with diamonds and two dozen buttons given to Anne of Denmark at the baptism of her daughter Princess Mary.
He supplied Anne of Denmark with a jewel worth £400 as a New Year's Day gift to Princess Elizabeth for January 1607. In June 1607 he supplied a "jewel like a rose of diamonds with great pendant pearls" valued at £2200 as one of King James' gifts to the Prince Joinville, brother of the Duke of Guise, who was visiting England. Jacobson bought a great diamond from the East India Company in March 1614 for £535. In 1620 he was an investor or "adventurer" in the Virginia Company.
In 1624 Lionel Cranfield, the Lord Treasurer, appointed Philip Jacobson as a goldsmith to the king, noting that a predecessor George Heriot was dead and two other royal goldsmiths John Spilman and William Herrick rarely did any work for the crown. He made two "picture-cases" or miniature cases for King James and a hat-band set with 37 diamonds, and a diamond ring for Charles I, for which he was paid £2380 in 1627. Jacobson gave a pair of gloves to Charles I as a New Year's Day gift in 1627.
| 2.359375
| 0
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69704435
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skjern%20railway%20station
|
Skjern railway station
|
Skjern railway station is a railway station serving the town of Skjern in West Jutland, Denmark.
The station is located on the West Jutland longitudinal railway line () from Esbjerg to Struer and is the western terminus of the Skanderborg–Skjern railway line from Skanderborg to Skjern. It offers regional train services to Aarhus, Esbjerg, Herning and Holstebro. The train services are currently operated by the railway companies GoCollective and Midtjyske Jernbaner.
History
Skjern station was opened on 8 August 1875 with the opening of the Varde-Ringkøbing section of the West Jutland longitudinal railway line () from Esbjerg to Struer. In 1881, Skjern station also became the western terminus of the Herning-Skjern section of the Skanderborg–Skjern railway line.
On 15 November 1920 Skjern station also became the southern terminus of the new Skjern-Videbæk railway line, which connected Skjern with the village of Videbæk. This railway line was meant to be prolonged to Skive but this was never realized. Passenger traffic on the Skjern-Videbæk railway line stopped on 2 October 1955, with freight traffic on the line continuing until 1 June 1981.
Architecture
Like the other stations on the Esbjerg–Struer railway line, the still existing station building from 1875 was built to designs by the Danish architect Niels Peder Christian Holsøe (1826–1895), known for the numerous railway stations he designed across Denmark in his capacity of head architect of the Danish State Railways.
Facilities
The station building contains ticket machines, a waiting room and toilets.
Operations
The train services are operated by the railway companies GoCollective and Midtjyske Jernbaner. The station offers direct regional train services to Aarhus, Esbjerg, Herning and Holstebro.
| 2
| 0
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69704572
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Pohl%20%28writer%29
|
Martin Pohl (writer)
|
Martin Pohl (28 March 1930 - 23 September 2007) was a German poet and playwright.
Life
A merchant's son, he was born to a German family in Festenberg (then in Silesia but now known as Twardogóra in Poland). He was also a pupil of the Moravian Church, which shielded him from excessive Nazi influence. In 1945 when he was fifteen, he went to Berlin fleeing from the advancing Russian army in the last weeks of the war, during which his mother and younger brother died trapped in a building burnt by the SS. Breaking off a commercial apprenticeship, he became a trainee editor and assistant in the Neues Leben publishing house and in the Aufbau-Verlag.
In 1951, Pohl met Bertolt Brecht, who had opened a master class for dramaturges and directors at the GDR Academy of Arts. Pohl became one of Brecht's students and worked for a year and a half with the Berliner Ensemble. In February 1953, he was arrested accused of contacts with the American Counterintelligence Corps, and was sentenced to four years in prison. Brecht tried to intervene a few times on his behalf, and he was eventually released in 1954 for good behaviour. He went to West Berlin in 1955, there he took acting lessons and moved to Switzerland, where he staged his own plays as a member of a traveling theatre, acted onstage and directed plays by August Strindberg and Jean-Paul Sartre.
In 1972 Pohl returned to West Berlin, publishing poetry for the first time whilst there. He made a name for himself as an author of ballads, sonnets and ghaseles. In Berlin he resumed his theater work. He adapted the prose of the Polish author Bruno Schulz (“The Cinnamon Shops”) for Teatr Kreatur, a group headed by the painter and director Andrej Woron. Pohl died in Neubrandenburg and was buried in the cemetery in the Mecklenburg village of Groß Nemerow.
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69704870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Birds
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Battle Birds
|
Battle Birds was an American air-war pulp magazine published by Popular Publications from 1932 to 1935 and from 1940 to 1944.
It was launched at the end of 1932, but did not sell well, and in 1934 the publisher turned it into an air-war hero pulp titled Dusty Ayres and His Battle Birds. Robert Sidney Bowen, an established pulp writer, provided the lead novel each month, and also wrote the short stories that filled out the issue. All of the cover art was painted by Frederick Blakeslee. Bowen's stories were set in the future, with the United States menaced by an Asian empire called the Black Invaders. The change was not successful enough to be extended beyond the initial plan of a year, and Bowen wrote a novel in which, unusually for pulp fiction, Dusty Ayres finally defeated the invaders, to end the series. The magazine ceased publication with the July/August 1935 issue.
It restarted in 1940, under the original title, Battle Birds, and lasted for another four years.
Publication history
In mid-1927, Aviation Stories and Mechanics was launched. It was the first magazine to specialize in fiction about flying, and pulp magazine historian Robert Sampson suggests that Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic in May that year was part of the reason for public interest in aviation. Other similar magazines quickly appeared, including Air Stories and Wings, which focused on adventure stories involving flying. The first magazine to concentrate on aerial warfare was Dell Magazine's War Birds, which appeared in early 1928. In 1930 Popular Publications was started by Harry Steeger and Harold Goldsmith; the new company launched four pulp magazines that year, one of which was an air-war pulp titled Battle Aces. In 1932 they added a second title, Battle Birds, with the first issue dated December 1932.
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69704870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Birds
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Battle Birds
|
The magazine was pulp format throughout. It began at 128 pages and 10 cents, the price rising to 15 cents in September 1933 and dropping back to 10 cents in February 1940 when the title reverted to Battle Birds. The page count also dropped at that time, first to 112 pages, and eventually to 82 pages by the final issue. When the magazine was relaunched in February 1940, it was under Popular's Fictioneers imprint. Bibliographic sources do not list the editor for individual Battle Birds, but editorial policy for all magazines was set by Harry Steeger, and Rogers Terrill had broad responsibility for Popular Publications' pulps.
In 1965 and 1966, Corinth Books published about fifty paperback editions of novels and short stories drawn from several magazines, including four Dusty Ayres novels, and a collection of Bowen's short stories from the magazine:
Black Lightning (originally published in the July 1934 issue)
Crimson Doom (August 1934)
Purple Tornado (September 1934)
The Telsa Raiders (July/August 1935)
Battle Birds Versus the Black Invaders (short stories)
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69704900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20O%27Brien%20%28scholar%29
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Justin O'Brien (scholar)
|
Justin O'Brien (November 26, 1906 – December 7, 1968) was an American biographer, translator of André Gide and Albert Camus and professor of French at Columbia University.
Biography
Justin McCortney O'Brien was born on November 26, 1906, in Chicago, Illinois, to Quin O'Brien and Ellen, née McCortney.
He was a biographer of André Gide, and a translator of Gide, Camus and Sartre. He was also a reviewer, and a professor of French at Columbia University. He was an enthusiast of Proust, Camus and Gide, and was able to transmit his enthusiasm to Americans, contributing to make these and other French authors known in the United States. Among the works of Camus translated by O'Brien are Caligula, The Fall, as well as The Myth of Sisyphus and other essays and Exile and the Kingdom. He was the translator of Gide's journals, translating and editing Journals, 1889–1949. Among his other translations of Gide is So Be It Or the Chips Are Down. In 1953 he published his critical biography on André Gide, Portrait of André Gide.
He was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship in French Literature in 1942. He died on December 7, 1968, aged 62.
Selected works
Author
Portrait of André Gide: A Critical Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953)
Les nourritures d'André Gide et les Bucoliques de Virgile, translated into French by E. van Rysselberghe, (Boulogne-Billancourt: Editions de la Revue Pretexte, 1953).
The French literary horizon (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1967)
Contemporary French Literature: Essays (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1971)
| 2.109375
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69705486
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peltochares
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Peltochares
|
Peltochares is a genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae represented by eight described species. It is distributed across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, and Palaearctic realms.
Taxonomy
The genus Peltochares was described for the first time by Maurice Auguste Régimbart in 1907 for a single, large, and morphologically unusual species from Gabon (Peltochares conspicuus).
Thanks to the result of a molecular-based phylogenetic analysis, along with dissections of the male genitalia, several species formerly placed in the genus Helochares were confirmed to belong in the same genus as that large and morphologically unusual species.
Description
Medium-sized to relatively large beetles (6–14 mm), weakly to moderately convex in lateral view, dark brown in coloration. A diagnosis of the genus as currently circumscribed was presented by Girón and Short.
Species
Peltochares atropiceus (Régimbart, 1903)
Peltochares ciniensis (Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999)
Peltochares conspicuus Régimbart, 1907
Peltochares discus (Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999)
Peltochares foveicollis (Montrouzier, 1860)
Peltochares longipalpis (Murray, 1859)
Peltochares papuensis (Hebauer, 1995)
Peltochares taprobanicus (Sharp, 1890)
| 2.59375
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69705603
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zungwini%20Mountain%20skirmishes
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Zungwini Mountain skirmishes
|
The Zungwini Mountain skirmishes took place on 20, 22 and 24 January 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War. The mountain was a stronghold of the AbaQulusi Zulu tribe, who were reinforced by the forces of exiled Swazi prince Mbilini waMswati. The mountain lay near the proposed route of advance of a British column under Lieutenant-Colonel Evelyn Wood, one of three that marched on the Zulu capital, Ulundi, from early January. Aware that the other columns had made less progress Wood, who had halted to fortify a camp at Tinta's Kraal, decided to deal with the abaQulusi strongholds.
On 20 January a force of 104 irregular horse under Wood's subordinate, Lieutenant-Colonel Redvers Buller, carried out a reconnaissance of Zungwini Mountain. Buller captured a number of kraals before ascending the mountain where he was attacked by a force of 1,000 Zulu. Buller fought a short defensive action before withdrawing, with the Zulus in pursuit. Buller returned to Wood after making a second stand and driving off his pursuers.
The action of 20 January led Wood to order a stronger attack on the mountain, with a force under his command with regular infantry and artillery. Wood reached Zungwini on 22 January and ascended the mountain, driving off a small Zulu force and capturing livestock. The British spotted a force of 4,000 Zulu but Wood decided it was too late in the day to launch an attack. The force rested at Zungwini on 23 January and attacked on 24 January, the artillery inflicting casualties and dispersing a Zulu force before driving back the main body of Zulu. By this point Wood had received news of the defeat of the British centre column at the 22 January Battle of Isandlwana, which exposed his right flank to the main Zulu army. Wood ordered a withdrawal back to Tinta's Kraal and then to Kambula, from which he sent several raids against the abaQulusi before joining the second invasion of Zululand in June, which resulted in British victory in the war.
Prelude
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69705603
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zungwini%20Mountain%20skirmishes
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Zungwini Mountain skirmishes
|
A cattle track to Wood's front proved to be impassable for the artillery so Wood passed around a rise on his left flank to continue the advance. He came across the 90th Regiment advancing against a force of 4,000 Zulu, but having left their ammunition carts guarded only by a party of unarmed buglers who were being threatened by a force of 200 Zulu. It was at this point that a messenger reached Wood, carrying news of the British defeat at Isandlwana. The man had been sent by Captain Alan Coulston Gardner, one of the few British officers to survive the battle. Gardner had escaped to Helpmekaar, Natal, but realised that Wood, whose force was just from Isandlwana, was vulnerable to attack by the victorious Zulu. Gardner found no volunteer willing to carry a message so rode from Helpmekaar to Utrecht where he found a rider to carry the news to Wood. Gardner's note explained that Chelmsford had ridden out from the camp at Isandlwana with much of the centre column, and in his absence the camp had been attacked and overrun with the loss of two artillery pieces and almost all of the men.
| 2.40625
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69705603
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zungwini%20Mountain%20skirmishes
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Zungwini Mountain skirmishes
|
Wood sent a message to Buller, who was with the horsemen, notifying him of the disaster and ordering his men to drive back the 200 Zulu. In the meantime Wood remonstrated with the commander of the 90th Regiment for advancing without orders. The regiment fired around two volleys before the Zulu force withdrew ahead of them. Wood ordered a pursuit, led by the Frontier Light Horse and Boers. After two hours Wood halted the men and gave them news of the defeat at Isandlwana. Wood realised that the defeat meant his right flank was exposed and he could not capitalise on his successes at Zungwini. He ordered the force to withdraw back to Fort Tinta. Wood and Buller's victories at Zungwini had undermined local support for the abaQulusi and the war against the British; the eclipse of 22 January had also been held by the Zulu as a portent of the decline in Mbilini's power. The Zulu victory at Isandlwana countered this and persuaded the local Zulu chiefs to rally to the Zulu king.
Later events
Wood and his men reached Fort Tinta on 25 January. He considered the position too exposed and lacking in firewood to serve as a long-term base. Having no desire to return to Bemba's Kop or Balte Spruit in the south-west he decided to strike out westwards to Kambula. Wood's men loaded up the stores left at Fort Tinta and abandoned the post on 26 January. They reached the White Umfolozi on 27 January and arrived at Khambula on 31 January, which they fortified. On 28 January Wood had received orders from Chelmsford, advising him that he "must now be prepared to have the whole of the Zulu Army on [his] hands any day". Expecting an attack on his post Wood later recalled not sleeping for more than 2–3 hours at a time over the next three months, as he insisted on checking on the sentries personally.
| 2.203125
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69705626
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primocerus
|
Primocerus
|
Primocerus is a Neotropical genus of water scavenger beetle in the family Hydrophilidae represented by nine described species known from the Guiana Shield Region.
Taxonomy
The genus Primocerus was described for the first time by Girón & Short in 2019.
It belongs in the subfamily Acidocerinae and contains nine described species from Brazil (Pará), Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Description
Small to medium-sized beetles (2.4–4.9 mm), smooth and shiny dorsally, orange-brown, reddish brown, or dark brown in coloration, with moderately long maxillary palps. The elytral punctation ranges from shallow to strongly marked, forming impressed serial striae; all the species bear a well defined sutural stria. A complete diagnosis was presented by Girón and Short.
Habitat
According to Girón and Short, "The habitats occupied by members of Primocerus range from forested pools to seepages".
Species
Primocerus cuspidis Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus gigas Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus maipure Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus neutrum Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus ocellatus Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus petilus Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus pijiguaense Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus semipubescens Girón and Short, 2019
Primocerus striatolatus Girón and Short, 2019
| 2.3125
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69705897
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rughonath%20Vaishnavi
|
Rughonath Vaishnavi
|
Rughonath Vaishnavi (? -22 November 1996) was a Kashmiri Pandit politician who co-founded the Jammu and Kashmir Political Conference along with Ghulam Mohiuddin Karra. A vocal advocate of Kashmir's right to self-determination, he expressed life-long solidarity with Kashmiri Muslims.
Early life and education
In 1928, Vaishnavi—then, barely out of high school—had his first brush with politics as a supporter of India's movement to independence. Disillusioned with socio-religious orthodoxy, he collaborated with Kashyap Bandhu and Jiya Lal Kilam to reform regressive Hindu customs concerning dowry and widow-remarriage. In 1931, Vaishnavi embarked for Lahore and graduated with a dual degree in Psychology and Political Science. He went on to pursue his L.LB from University of Allahabad.
In late 1930s, he married Arandati and had two children.
Politics
National Conference
Vaishnavi returned to Kashmir in 1938. In 1941, he joined the National Conference (NC) and got nominated to the Working Committee. As part of the committee, he framed the fourteen-point agenda which included a radical redistribution of land resources and guarantee of equal rights.
However, he seldom saw eye-to-eye with an increasingly autocratic Sheikh Abdullah, and left the National Conference in 1943. Post-1947, Vaishnavi journaled about how NC workers, emboldened in the wake of the state's controversial accession to India, targeted anybody who dared to dissent against the party line; anybody willing for Kashmir to accede to Pakistan or striving for independence was hold to be engaging in sedition. In 1952, his Urdu weekly Jamhoor (lit. Democracy) was banned by the Abdullah administration after running for about a year.
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69705897
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rughonath%20Vaishnavi
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Rughonath Vaishnavi
|
A pragmatic secularist, Vaishnavi viewed the Hazratbal episode as an epitome of communal harmony—"when Muslims shouted Hindu Dharam ki Jai and Kashmiri Hindus shouted Allah-u-Akbar and Islam Zindabad"—but lamented its rapid dissolution in the upcoming days and how Pandits continued to remain deaf to fellow Muslims' right to self-determination. Even months before the Pandit exodus, he had pleaded with his fellow Kashmiri Pandits to implore reason and affirm solidarity with the just struggle of Kashmiri Muslims.
Death and legacy
Vaishnavi did not leave Kashmir in the 1990s unlike the majority of Kashmiri Pandits; he died on 22 November 1996 at his daughter's home in Udhampur. Many openly derided him as a Pakistani Pandit in his lifetime; even his own relatives were hesitant to pay a visit and Kilam branded him to be a "persona non grata."
The Pandit Rughonath Vaishnavi Annual Talk is organized by the Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society (JK-CCS), a human rights body. Mona Bhan—a cultural anthropologist at DePauw University—is her granddaughter and views India to be an occupational regime in Kashmir. She used to live with Vaishnavi and was a part of the Azaadi-marches in her school days during the Pandit Exodus. Bhan urges using Vaishnavi's experience to reformulate commonly held notions about Kashmiri struggle for Azaadi being an exclusively Muslim agenda, as portrayed by India under the pretext of combating Islamic radicalism.
| 1.953125
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69706184
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Father%20%28cantata%29
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Our Father (cantata)
|
The cantata Our Father (Czech: Otče náš or Otčenáš), originally called Moravian Our Father (Czech: Moravský Otče náš), is a setting of the Lord's Prayer by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. Its first version (1901) was performed as an accompaniment to a series of tableaux vivants and was scored for mixed chorus, tenor, piano and harmonium; it has never been published. The revised version (1906), for mixed chorus, tenor, harp and organ, lasts about 15 minutes. Our Father met with a mixed reception at first, but it is now a much-recorded work and has been praised as an interesting and successful example of Janáček's ability to combine Christian texts with his own social commitment.
Structure
Our Father falls into five self-contained sections:
"Our Father, which art in heaven", andante, in A-flat major
"Thy will be done", moderato, in B-flat minor
"Give us this day our daily bread", con moto, in E-flat major
"Forgive us our trespasses", adagio, in A-flat major
"Lead us not into temptation", energico moderato, in E-flat minor.
Composition and performance history
In the spring of 1901 the governors of an old women's home in Brno were lent reproductions of Our Father, a cycle of paintings by the Polish artist Józef Męcina-Krzesz depicting Russian peasants in situations illustrative of the Lord's Prayer. They decided to stage a series of tableaux vivants based on these paintings to be performed by a local theatre group as a fundraising venture, and they commissioned Janáček to write "musical illustrations" for this entertainment. In May of that year he did so, setting the Lord's Prayer in Czech for mixed voice chorus, tenor, harmonium and/or piano. The piece received its first performance at the National Theatre, Brno on 15 June 1901 under the title Moravský Otče náš (A Moravian Our Father), though Janáček later deleted the word Moravský on the grounds that it described the composer rather than the work.
| 2.328125
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69706907
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentous%20scorpionfish
|
Filamentous scorpionfish
|
The filamentous scorpionfish (Hipposcorpaena filamentosus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Hipposcorpaena.
Taxonomy
The filamentous scorpionfish was first formally described in 1938 by the American zoologist Henry Weed Fowler with the type locality given as off Linao Point in Davao Gulf in the Philippines. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Hipposcorpaena. The genus name is the word hippo, which means "horse", used as a prefix of Scorpaena, the type genus of the family Scorpaenidae, this is thought to be an allusion tp the sloping profile of the head, like that of a horse. The specific name filamentosus means "filamented" and likely alludes to the thin flaps on the head and body.
Description
The filamentous scorpionfish has a strongly compressed body with large head a which has a concave upper edge to its snout. The body has a depth which would fit into its standard length 2.5 to 2.8 times. There are 11-12 spines and 9-10 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 2 spines and 6 soft rays in the anal fin. There are 14 rays in the pectoral fin and there are deep incisions in the membranes between the lower 7 rays which are equal to one-third to one-half the length of each ray, creating filament-like structures. There are flaps of skin on the snout, chin, lower cheek, margin of the preoperculum and above the eye. The overall colour is reddish with a whitish snout, 2 wide pale bands on the body and a white band on the posterior of the spiny part of the dorsal fin. This is a small species of scorpionfish with a maximum standard length of .
| 2.359375
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69707141
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandenburg
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Zandenburg
|
Zandenburg was a famous castle just south of Veere. Nothing remains of it, except some foundations below ground level.
Location and Name
Name
Zandenburg was first mentioned as the house and fortress () in the Lordship () of Zanddijk. Zanddijk () literally means dike on the sand, i.e. on an area with sandy ground. Likewise, Zandenburg is the burg (castle) near or on the sand. The second part of the name: Burg marks its origin as one of the many defendable structures built on an artificial hill.
Location
The remains of Zandenburg are located just south of the walls of Veere. In 1812 Veere's fortifications reached the castle terrains. The outer bailey of the castle reached almost up to the Veerse Watergang, which connects Veere to Middelburg. In 1944 the Inundation of Walcheren took place. After the land had been made dry much later, the outer moat on the west side of castle terrain was found to have become part of a new waterway which ran from Zanddijk to the Veerse Watergang.
Castle Characteristics
The sphere of Zandenburg
In the late seventeenth century Kornelis Klein, mayor of Veere investigated the ruins of Zandenburg. He ordered some digging for the foundations and had the mathematician Isaac Hildernisse take measurements. Like Hildernisse did at other places, he made a floor plan, but this was lost. Based on his work, several artists later made reconstructions of how they thought Zandenburg looked previously.
The most striking element of one of the eighteenth century reconstructions is an artificial hill that looks like an impossible sphere planted on the castle grounds. It is based on Hildernisse's drawing of the foundations, which shows a circular structure in the center of the terrain. A very solid explanation of the impossible sphere was given by Verwey. He noted that the path around the hill, and the cupola on top resembled a very close by castle motte which had such a path and cupola only decades before, and might have inspired the drawers.
Early Zandenburg
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69707141
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandenburg
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Zandenburg
|
There can be little doubt that there was a circular, and therefore artificial structure at Zandenburg. It dated from the thirteenth century or earlier and according to later drawings, it had a diameter of about 35 m. It could have been one of the c. 150 artificial hills in Zeeland. In such case, it is probable that Zandenburg was a motte-and-bailey castle. Jaap Renaud thought a round water castle much more likely than a small hill. Not in the least because he did not see any document that referred to an elevated terrain.
In 1955 a single trench was dug through the area where the hill was supposed to be. The ground was sterile and did not show any evidence typical for artificial hills. Nothing was found; no brick, no pottery shreds, no animal bones. On the other hand, it also did not show evidence of a water castle.
While the original drawings by Hildernisse were lost, a 1729 copy shows a motte (see picture). This copy also has the outer bailey walls correct, and is therefore rather credible. Furthermore, the relatively small known remains of the 13th century castle border this motte. Renaud noted that if there was ever a place for further archaeological investigations, it would be the 'motte' of Zandenburg.
| 2.421875
| 0
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69707304
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindolus
|
Sindolus
|
Sindolus is a Neotropical genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae represented by eight described species, ranging from Mexico to Argentina, and including one species recorded from Antigua in the Lesser Antilles.
Taxonomy
The genus Sindolus belongs in the subfamily Acidocerinae. It was first described by David Sharp in 1882 to accommodate two Central American species. Since 1919 Sindolus was considered a subgenus of the genus Helochares by d’Orchymont and stayed in that category until a molecular-based phylogenetic analysis supported its restitution at the category of genus.
Description
Small to sized beetles (2.5–5.0 mm), smooth and shiny dorsally, moderately to strongly convex in lateral view; yellowish, orange-brown, to brown in coloration, with long maxillary palps. The most distinctive characteristic of Sindolus is the presence of a sharp and strongly elevated (laminar) longitudinal carina on the mesoventrite. A complete diagnosis was presented by Girón and Short.
Habitat
Some species of Sindolus have been collected in stagnant waters at low elevations in dry areas.
Species
Sindolus femoratus (Brullé, 1841): Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul), Colombia [in doubt], French Guiana [in doubt], Antigua.
Sindolus mesostitialis (Fernández, 1981): Argentina, Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
Sindolus mini (Fernández, 1982): Argentina, Paraguay
Sindolus mundus Sharp, 1882: Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua
Sindolus optatus Sharp, 1882: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico
Sindolus spatulatus (Fernández, 1981): Argentina, Paraguay
Sindolus talarum (Fernández, 1983): Argentina
Sindolus ventricosus (Bruch, 1915): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pernambuco), Paraguay, Uruguay.
| 2.765625
| 0
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69707381
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenopsis%20confinis
|
Ebenopsis confinis
|
Ebenopsis confinis is a species of drought deciduous perennial shrubs in the Legume family known commonly as dog poop bush. The English vernacular name is a result of the distinctive woody fruits which resemble dog poop. The plant is referred to locally as palo fierro. In addition to the fruits, this species is characterized by its small, equally-paired pinnate leaves and a condensed capitulum. This species is distributed from southern Baja California to the cape of Baja California Sur, and on the coast of Sonora.
Description
This species is a stiffly branched, drought deciduous multi-stemmed large shrub to small tree with a spreading crown. The bark is a gray-brown to reddish brown, and is initially smooth but becomes scaly. The twigs are moderately stout and have a pair of spines (stipules) 2 to 8 mm long emerging at the node of each leaf. The leaves are small, alternate and bipinnately compound.
The inflorescence emerges from 1 to 3 peduncles per shoot, 3 to 8 mm long. The flower clusters have around 17 to 35 flowers. The bracts are shaped obovate to cuneate or spatulate, 0.6 to 1 mm large, and persist into anthesis. The calyx is shaped campanulate. The flowers are small, colored yellowish white, and appear as fluffy heads in pom-pom like cluster. The flowers are fragrant.
The distinctive fruit is an oblong pod with a woody texture and blackish coloration, with 8 to 10 seeds. The seeds are large, 11 to 16 mm long and 10 to 13 mm wide.
Taxonomy
This species was first collected by Joseph Nelson Rose in 1911, near Cabo San Lucas. It was first described as Pithecellobium confinie by Paul C. Standley in 1919. It was later combined into the genus Ebenopsis by Rupert C. Barneby and James W. Grimes in 1996 as part of their monograph on the Mimosaceae.
This plant is known locally by the common names ejoton, palo fierro or palo hierro in Spanish. In English, this plant is referred to as dog poop bush, owing to the appearance of the woody fruit pods.
| 2.25
| 0
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69707394
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycymeris%20longior
|
Glycymeris longior
|
Glycymeris longior is a species of marine bivalve of the family Glycymerididae. The shells of this species are frequently found on beaches from Patagonia to Brazil. It was common in the Quaternary on the Atlantic coast of South America.
Description
Glycymeris longior is a species of dioecious and long-lived clam (there are records of individuals that have reached 69 years). It has porcelain, subcircular valves (equivalve and equilateral) of brownish color with annual rings. The maximum height of the valves is 50 mm. In the hinge (engagement structure), the valves are articulated by a series of pits (cavities) and triangular teeth (nine on each side). The inner edges of the valves are crenulate (festoon or wave-shaped) and, together with the system of teeth and pits, keep the valves aligned. The ligament has striated grooves. Inside the valves you can see the imprints of the adductor muscles, which are semi-oval and unequal. It has short palps, large filibranchs, unfused mantle margins and a large foot, with which it buries itself slowly. It lacks siphons. The species of this genus are used in sclerochronological studies (study of the growth rings of the valves) for environmental reconstructions, given their longevity, wide geographical distribution, record of environmental variations in their valves and extensive fossil record, among others.
Range
This species is found in the Atlantic Ocean, in the southwestern coast of South America, from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil to the San Matías Gulf in Argentina, with some studies suggesting it might be found up to the northern state of Pará, in Brazil.
Habitat
Glycymeris longior is found buried in or just above sandy soils in shallow waters, up to 10 meters deep.
| 3
| 0
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69708232
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rye%20Town%20Hall%2C%20East%20Sussex
|
Rye Town Hall, East Sussex
|
Internally, the principal room was the courtroom, which also served as a council chamber, on the first floor. Wooden boards, which recorded the names of mayors of Rye since the 13th century, were also installed in the council chamber. A small museum store was established in the attic: items collected included a gibbet cage which was used to display the hanged body of the murderer John Breads in 1742, and a pillory which was last used to punish a local publican, who had assisted the escape of the French General Armand Philippon, in 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars. The two left hand openings on the ground floor were infilled, sometime after 1825, to form a magistrates' room. In January 1929, the town hall was the venue for the Board of Trade inquiry into the loss of the lifeboat, Mary Stanford, which had capsized with the loss of 15 people two months earlier.
The building continued to serve as the headquarters of Rye Borough Council for much of the 20th century, but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Rother District Council was formed in 1974. The building, instead became the offices and meeting place of Rye Town Council. On 15 October 1990, the singer, Paul McCartney and his wife, Linda, led a march from the town hall to Rye Memorial Hospital as part of a campaign, which was ultimately successful, to save the hospital from closure. The building continued to be used as a magistrates' court until 1992. A nativity scene, created by the local animator and cartoonist, John Ryan, and intended to re-create the Adoration of the Magi by Gentile da Fabriano, was first unveiled in the right hand opening on the ground floor in December 1996, and then subsequently re-unveiled annually in December each year.
Works of art in the town hall included a portrait by Charles Jervas of the local member of parliament, Phillips Gybbon.
| 2.3125
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69708312
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS%20Furman
|
USNS Furman
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US Navy
On 18 September 1963 the USNS Furman (T-AK-280) was refitted to be a Fleet Ballistic Missile Cargo Ship at the American Ship Building Company of Toledo, Ohio, to support Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarine tender. USNS Furman was put in to service on 14 October 1964, having work completed on 14 September 1964. As a fleet ballistic missile cargo ship, she transported torpedoes, Poseidon missiles, packaged petroleum, and spare parts to deployed to the submarine tender. She was placed into service with Military Sealift Command (MSC) as USNS Furman (T-AK-280) on 30 December 1963. USNS Furman regular assignment into the 1970s was the transportation of missile components and ship's stores from Bangor Base, Washington to Apra Harbor, Guam, as a submarine tender, an U.S. Navy auxiliary ship.
In April 1983, the USNS Furman was converted to a cable cargo ship at the Atlantic Drydock Corp. in Jacksonville, Florida. USNS Furman could hold 2,100 miles of new cable that it delivered to cable layer ships at sea. She operated out Newington, New Hampshire of
Inactivation
She was laid up in temporary custody of the Maritime Administration (MARAD) in the Beaumont Reserve Fleet, the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Beaumont, Texas on 22 October 1986. She was struck from the Navy List in 1993. On 22 July 1993 permanent custody was transferred to Maritime Administration (MARAD).
| 2.234375
| 0
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69708517
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Market%20%28Savannah%2C%20Georgia%29
|
City Market (Savannah, Georgia)
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City Market is a historic market complex in the Historic District of Savannah, Georgia. Originally centered on the site of today's Ellis Square from 1733, today it stretches west from Ellis Square to Franklin Square. Established in the 1700s with a wooden building, locals gathered here for their groceries and services. This building burned in 1820 and was replaced the following year with a single-storey structure that wrapped around the square. "It was a wooden shed, about twenty-five feet wide," remembered historian Charles Seton Henry Hardee, who moved to Savannah in 1835. It had a shingle roof, supported by brick pillars. An uncovered section was used for the sale of live poultry and seafood. The covered area was mainly used for the sale of vegetables and dressed poultry. A brick building, the work of architects Augustus Schwaab and Martin Phillip Muller, was erected in 1876. They had submitted plans to the city six years earlier. The cost of the building's construction "vastly exceeded expectations" after excavations revealed weakened arches in the basement floor that required them to be replaced. It was an ornate structure with arches in the Romanesque style and large circular windows.
The interior of the Schwaab and Muller structure encompassed 33,000 square feet. The city's mayor, John Screven, described it as "roomy, capable of being kept in the highest condition of cleanliness, with ample ventilation". The construction was headed by carpenter James C. Saltus.
The market area survived two fires (in 1796 and 1820), the Civil War, and the hurricane of 1896. It is now part of the Savannah Historic District, and is a popular destination for tourists due to its restaurants, art galleries and shops, which occupy many of the buildings erected in the 19th century.
Sweet Georgia Brown's, a piano bar which gained popularity after its appearance in John Berendt's 1994 book Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, was located at 312 West St. Julian Street.
| 2.25
| 0
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69708754
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20Sea%20%28game%29
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Middle Sea (game)
|
Middle Sea, subtitled "Empires of the Feudal Age", is a board game published by Fantasy Games Unlimited (FGU) in 1979 that simulates the rise of medieval empires in the Mediterranean basin. The game started as a play by mail game before being converted into a board game.
Description
Middle Sea is a game for 2–12 players set in the Mediterranean circa 1200 where players utilize warfare, navies, economics, and diplomacy to maximize their empire. The map is divided into Christian, Muslim, and pagan provinces, and each province is ruled by a leader who can control a certain number of armies.
Components
The game box contains:
2-piece 64.5 cm x 28 cm mounted map of Mediterranean basin
266 die-cut counters
384 cards
16-page rule booklet
Gameplay
Each game turn represents one year and is divided into four seasons. In Spring, Summer, and Fall, armies and navies move simultaneously according to written orders; in Winter, players are confined to "at home" activities such as raising funds, and building fortifications.
The purpose of the game is to invade provinces to gain access to more resources as well as the province's leader, who can then lead more armies and navies. Combat can take place on land, and also at sea if two navies occupy meet.
Because of card effects; leadership, fortifications, and ships are facedown. Players can employ spies to try to find out more information about these.
Publication history
Middle Sea was originally a play-by-mail game, and then was converted to a board game by Wilf K. Backhaus and Terence Peter Donnelly, and published by FGU in 1979.
| 2.703125
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69708827
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20Crowley
|
John J. Crowley
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Life
Crowley was a native of 12 New Street, Killarney, Co. Kerry, Ireland who came to Worcester, Massachusetts, with his family when he was 11 years old. He was the eldest of 4 brothers and 4 sisters. His father died only a few years after immigration, leaving the family in difficult economic conditions. John took a family leadership role and "learned responsibility that served him well in his later career". He studied at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1915. His faculty prefect described him as "one of the best young men Holy Cross has reared in recent years". He was ordained a priest of the Catholic Church in 1918, and shortly thereafter, now Father Crowley, he left to take up a position in Southern California, where priests were especially needed. He served for about a year in the Los Angeles area, then volunteered (and was subsequently appointed) to be the lone priest for the Eastern Sierra. In 1924 he was chosen, because of his much admired administrative abilities, to be Chancellor to the newly created Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey-Fresno. In 1925 he was anointed Monsignor by Pope Pius XI. In 1940 he died in an automobile accident on the highway now known as California State Route 14, when he hit a wandering cow and was deflected head on into an oncoming truck.
His efforts in the Eastern Sierra centered largely on enhancing tourism to the area, which includes the lowest geographical point, in Death Valley, and the highest point (at that time, among the 48 states), Mount Whitney. Nature lovers, campers, hikers, and sport fisher persons were addressed and stars in the many movies filmed in the area were engaged. His achievements were the subject of an essay by Irving Stone in 1944, which was a featured article in The Saturday Evening Post.
Eponymy
Crowley Lake
Crowley Lake, which formed behind a dam built by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power to help regulate the flow of water to Los Angeles,
was named in honor of Fr. Crowley.
| 2
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
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Fall of Outremer
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In 1273, Gregory had prepared for the union of the churches by sending an embassy to Constantinople, and by inducing Charles I of Anjou and Philip I of Courtenay, Latin Emperor in exile, to moderate their political ambitions. Among those arriving at Lyons were Germanus III, George Akropolites and other dignitaries represent Byzantium. Their letter from the emperor had been endorsed by fifty archbishops and five hundred bishops. On 29 June 1274 at the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, Gregory celebrated Mass in the Church of St. John. On 6 July, after a sermon by Pierre de Tarentaise and the public reading of the letter from the emperor, the Byzantines pledged fidelity to Rome and promised protection of Christians in the Holy Land. In response, Gregory wrote letters of encouragement to the emperor, his son Andronikos II Palaiologos, and forty-one metropolitans. Letters in response indicated that George Akropolites' assurances of fidelity had not been expressly authorized by the emperor.
The Crusade of Gregory X and the Mongols
Gregory X was the first pope to combine plans for a general crusade––a passagium generale––with plans for smaller interventions, called a "dual crusading policy". The council followed Gregory's lead and drew up plans for a crusade to recover the Holy Land, to be financed by a tithe imposed for six years on all the benefices of Christendom. The plans were approved but nothing concrete was done. James I of Aragon wished to organize the expedition at once, an idea that was opposed by the Templars. Fidentius of Padua, who had experience in the Holy Land, was commissioned by the pope to write a report on the recovery of the Holy Land.
| 2.703125
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
|
Fall of Outremer
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Principality of Galilee
The Principality of Galilee was essentially destroyed by Saladin in 1187, although the title "Prince of Galilee" was used by some relatives of the kings of Cyprus, the titular kings of Jerusalem. Some of its former holdings were briefly reclaimed by a treaty made during the Barons' Crusade of 1239–1241, but by 1272, the only fief that remained in Frankish hands was Beirut. At that time, Hugh III of Cyprus considered it his duty to defend Outremer, but did not either expect or desire a crusade. He rather wished to preserve the truce with the sultan Baibars, weak as it was. His first setback was losing control of Beirut. The lordship of Beirut had passed to Isabella of Beirut upon the death of her father John II of Ibelin in 1264. Isabella's liaison with Julian of Sidon provoked the papal letter De sinu patris which strongly urged her to marry. In 1272 she married Haymo Létrange––the Foreigner––a wealthy lord who may have been a companion of Edward I. Haymo died in 1273. While on his deathbed, he put Isabella and Beirut under the unusual protection of Baibars. Hugh III wanted to use Isabella's status as a wealthy heiress to choose a new husband for her,in order to attract a knight to the fight in the Holy Land. Hugh forcibly took Isabella to Cyprus to arrange a new marriage, leaving her mother Alice de la Roche as regent of Beirut. Isabella resisted and received the support of both Baibars and the Knights Templar. The matter was brought to the Haute Cour and became a political dispute. The court ruled in favor of Baibars and Mamluk guards were assigned to Isabella's protection. After Baibars' death in 1277, Hugh resumed control of the fief and, when died in 1282, Beirut passed to her sister Eschive of Ibelin, the wife of Humphrey de Montfort, a loyal friend of Hugh's.
| 2.640625
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
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Fall of Outremer
|
In May 1269, Baibars led an abortive raid upon Tyre after failed negotiations towards a truce. In September 1269, Hugh III was crowned king of Jerusalem in Tyre and a year later, Philip was killed by an Assassin, apparently in the employ of Baibars. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John of Montfort who entered into a treaty with Baibars, transferring control over several villages to him. In 1277, he also restored Venetian privileges. Tyre would enter into a treaty with Baibars' successor Qalawun in 1284 and would remain in Christian hands until 1291.
The Remnants of the Kingdom
After his crusade ended, Edward I, together with Hugh III, negotiated a truce with Baibars. A 10-year-10-month-and-10-day agreement was reached in May 1272, at Caesarea. Nevertheless, Hugh's problems with Acre began in earnest, reflecting a long-held opposition to his direct rule. The Templars had both disapproved with his reconciliation with the Montforts and had opposed his accession to the throne. He may have looked to the Hospitallers for help, but their influence had faded after the loss of its headquarters at Krak des Chevaliers. Its only remaining great castle in Syria was Margat. By 1268, Hugues de Revel, wrote that the Hospital could maintain but 300 knights in the Holy Land, down from a peak of 10,000. But the Templars still possessed Tortosa, Sidon, the Château Pèlerin, and maintained formidable banking connections. Thomas Bérard, Templar Grand Master through 1273, disliked Hugh but had never openly challenged him. His successor Guillaume de Beaujeu was elected in Apulia, the territory of his cousin Charles I of Anjou. He came to the Holy Land in 1275 determined to further Charles' projects and opposed to the priorities of Hugh III.
| 2.3125
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
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Fall of Outremer
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The Death of Baibars
Baibars did not long survive his Anatolian invasion. He died in Damascus on 1 July 1277. As he was the greatest enemy to Christendom since Saladin, there was rejoicing throughout the Holy Land and Europe at the news of his death. His successor was his eldest son, al-Said Barakah, a weak youth who set about limiting the power of the emirs from his father's administration and promoting those loyal to him. One such emir was al-Mansûr Qalawun, whose daughter had married Barakah. In 1279, the sultan and his father-in-law, commander of the Syrian troops, were on a campaign in Armenian Cilicia when a revolt occurred in Cairo. Returning home, Barakah abdicated in favor of his seventeen-year-old brother Badr al-Din Solamish. Qalawun installed himself as atabeg and essentially took over the government. Within four months, Qalawun displaced the child and proclaimed himself sultan.
Qalawun
Qalawun was a Kipchak who became a mamluk in the 1240s after being sold to a member of the household of Ayyubid sultan al-Kamil's household. He was known as al-Alfī (the Thousander) as it was believed that the sultan's son as-Salih Ayyub bought him for a thousand dinars of gold. Qalawun rose in power and influence and became an emir under Baibars and eventually became sultan after displacing Baibars' heirs. In 1279, Qalawun took the title al-Malik al-Manṣūr (the victorious king). In Damascus, its viceroy Sunqur al-Ashqar used the turmoil of succession in Cairo to assert Syrian independence, declaring himself sultan. Sunqur's claim of leadership was soon quashed, and he was soon ensconced in Sahyun Castle. The common threat of the Mongols caused a reconciliation of Qalawun and Sunqur. Abaqa had invaded Syria, taking Aleppo in October 1280.
| 2.515625
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
|
Fall of Outremer
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The Fall of Charles I and Hugh III
On 30 March 1282, the Sicilians rebelled against Charles I of Anjou and his soldiers and massacred the French on the island. A popular uprising against Charles' government known as the Sicilian Vespers began. The rebels, many of the Sicilian nobles, asked Peter III for help, offering him the crown as they considered his wife their rightful queen. After receiving an embassy from the rebels, they traveled to Sicily and were proclaimed king and queen of Sicily, beginning the House of Barcelona as Peter I the Great (Peter III of Aragon) and Constance II of Sicily, on 4 September 1282. Charles was forced to flee across the Straits of Messina and be content with his Kingdom of Naples. With Martin IV's bull dated 18 November 1282, he again excommunicated Michael—as well as Peter, John of Procida, and Benedetto Zaccaria—as part of the conspiracy that led to the Sicilian Vespers. Skirmishes and raids continued to occur in southern Italy. Aragonese guerillas attacked Catona and killed Peter of Alençon in January 1283. The Aragonese seized Reggio Calabria in February and the Sicilian admiral, Roger of Lauria, annihilated a newly raised Provençal fleet at Malta in April. However, tensions arose between the Aragonese and the Sicilians and in May 1283 one of the leaders of the anti-Angevin rebellion, Walter of Caltagirone, was executed for his secret correspondence with Charles' agents.
| 2.6875
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69708958
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20of%20Outremer
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Fall of Outremer
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Arghun could not believe that the Christian West, with their claims of devotion to the Holy Land, would not be concerned about its near-certain demise. He welcomed the reports that Rabban Bar Ṣawma and Gobert de Helleville gave, but he needed further information. In April 1289, he sent a second envoy, a Genoese named Buscarello de Ghizolfi with letters for the pope and the monarchs of France and England. The letter to Philip IV was written in the name of Kubilai Khan, and in it Arghun proposes to invade Syria in January 1291, to reach Damascus in February. It further proposed that if the king will send his forces and the Mongols capture Jerusalem, it will be France's. Added to the letter is a note in French by Buscarello, which compliments Philip and adds that Arghun will bring with him the Georgian Christians Demetrius II and Vakhtang II and thirty thousand horsemen, and will provide the Westerners provisions. Buscarello then travelled to England to bring Arghun's message to Edward I, arriving in London on 5 January 1290. Edward answered enthusiastically to the project, but deferred the decision about the date to the Pope, failing to make a clear commitment. After his meeting with Edward, Buscarello returned to Persia, accompanied by the English envoy Geoffrey de Langley, a veteran of an earlier crusade.
Unhappy with the responses that Buscarello received, Arghun sent him west once again. He stopped first at Rome, where Nicholas IV received them, and then set out for England. He was armed with urgent letters from the pope who thought the English were likelier crusaders than the French. He reached Edward I early in 1291 with no success. Margaret of Norway had died the previous year,and Edward was immersed in Scottish affairs. By the time they returned, Arghun had died, succumbing to an alchemic potion aimed to lengthen life. He was succeeded by his half-brother Gaykhatu. But by then it was too late, as the fate of Outremer had already been decided.
| 2.515625
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69709061
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Kappen
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Joseph Kappen
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Familial DNA enquiries
Due to the period of time that had elapsed since the murders, South Wales Police decided to employ a previously unknown tactic of searching for the DNA of possible living descendants of the murderer as their genetic profiles would be similar to the killer's. Fifty per cent of an individual's DNA is inherited from each parent, so investigators believed that they could discover who the killer was by making a partial match between the killer's profile and that of any children they may have had. Investigators therefore examined local individuals' profiles that matched part of the killer's profile and created a list of 100 potential suspects. One of these was local car thief Paul Kappen, whose DNA was already on police files but who was only seven years old at the time of the murders. Paul's profile showed a distinctive similarity to the killer's, prompting police to make his deceased father, Joseph, known to have been investigated in the original enquiry, the prime suspect.
Exhumation of body and positive DNA match
The findings of the DNA testing led detectives to apply to Home Secretary David Blunkett to exhume Kappen's body in order to confirm through DNA that he was the murderer, which was granted. In 2002 the body was exhumed from Goytre Cemetery on the outskirts of Port Talbot, with it being said by witnesses that a thunderstorm suddenly passed over as the exhumation began and that a large thunderclap was heard when the ground was first dug up, suggesting to them that they had "unearthed evil".
Kappen's family consistently denied that he could have been responsible for the murders and claimed he was innocent despite the evidence.
| 2.359375
| 0
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69709252
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Ben%20Het
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Battle of Ben Het
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The Battle of Ben Het was a North Vietnamese armored assault on the Ben Het Special Forces Camp. It was the only tank battle between the United States and North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
Background
The Ben Het Camp Special Forces Camp was located along the Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia tri-border area and run by the 5th Special Forces Group. At the time of the battle, there were 12 Green Beret advisers and three companies of CIDG numbering 400 in total, alongside two M42A1 tanks and a 175mm artillery battery.
In March 1969 one platoon of the 69th Armor Regiment's 1st Battalion, Company B under Captain John P. Stovall was stationed at Ben Het, equipped with M48 Patton tanks. Three of the four tanks took up dug-in positions on a hill facing west towards Cambodia, while the last tank occupied a firing position guarding the left flank overlooking the resupply route to the main camp.
After heavy enemy shelling in February where B Company received ten casualties, action decreased in early March. At 22:00 on March 2, Sergeant First Class Hugh H. Havermale reported to Stovall that his men could hear vehicular movement to the west of the camp. B Company heard the unidentified vehicles for roughly 20 minutes before they shut down.
| 1.953125
| 0
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69709551
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menegazzia%20williamsii
|
Menegazzia williamsii
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Menegazzia williamsii is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, it was described as a new species in 2019 by lichenologist Gintaras Kantvilas.
Taxonomy
The type specimen was collected from Point Lookout (New England), at an altitude of . Here it was found growing in scrub on twigs of Banksia integrifolia subsp. compar. The lichen is only known to occur in this area, where it grows as an epiphyte on twigs, branches, and trunks in wet scrub and forest dominated by sclerophyll. It also occurs in rainforest dominated by Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei). The specific epithet honours Australian botanist John Beaumont Williams, "who co-collected some of the material on which the description is based and had an intimate knowledge of the botany of the New England region of northern New South Wales".
Description
The main characteristics of Menegazzia williamsii are an inflated and fragile thallus lacking soredia; the presence of the secondary chemical stictic acid and the lack of isopigmentosin; asci with two spores; and a scattered () epihymenium. Other Menegazzia species with which it shares some characteristics include M. elongata, M. platytrema, and M. pertransita.
| 2.03125
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69709652
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage%20Left%20Productions
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Stage Left Productions
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Stage Left Productions is an interdisciplinary performance company dedicated to collaborative arts forms, community theatre practices, Disability art, and social activism. Self-described as “a grassroots, Popular Theatre company of diverse artists and non-artists/catalysts of change who create pathways to systemic equity – in and through the arts,” Stage Left’s activities “promote equity & diversity, provide support services for still-excluded artists and community groups, and produce radical forms of Political Art.” Based in Canmore, Alberta, the company is active in Calgary, as well as provincially, nationally, and internationally. Stage Left’s output is intercultural and multifaceted, encompassing Guerrilla theatre actions, production, presenting, training, education, advocacy, and organizational support work.
Company Origins
Stage Left was established in 1999 by a group of individuals including Michele Decottignies, a lesbian activist-artist with mental and physical disabilities who serves as the current Artistic Director. Decottignies has a BFA and is a graduate of Technical Theatre Arts Program (class of 1992) at Calgary’s Mount Royal College. Interested in “changing the world by creating community through performance,” Decottignies founded a theatre company and adopted Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed techniques, which became a cornerstone of the company’s practice. With its various productions, Stage Left has forged a distinctive aesthetic described by scholar Kirsty Johnston as “a combination of Popular Theatre genres (e.g., Theatre of the Oppressed, Agitprop, Guerrilla theatre, Theatre of the Streets, Workers’ Theatre), Political drama, Documentary theatre, Performance Creation, Digital media and New media art, Interdisciplinarity Production, and Artist-Community Collaboration with anti-oppressive, arts-based change processes.”
| 2.0625
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69709652
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage%20Left%20Productions
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Stage Left Productions
|
In addition to educational training, Stage Left uses Theatre of the Oppressed for different kinds of advocacy work. In 2006, the company partnered with the Autism Aspergers Friendship Society to create a Forum Theatre piece involving youth with disabilities, many of them on the Autism spectrum, that was performed at Stage Left’s Disability Arts Festival. The presentation is described as “a brief skit that brought the audience a sense of what it would be like to be a high school student living with the challenges of a disability. The skit highlighted what it would be like to be "different"; the frustration of having learning challenges, the anxiety of dealing with issues of peer acceptance and bullying, and struggles with special needs assistants and teachers who, at times, do not understand.” Audience members were able to stop to the play and insert themselves into the action to find alternate solutions to the problems presented. As one witness remarked, “What was most remarkable with the performance that night was the engagement of the audience. Some of the audience members who joined on stage, themselves had a disability. The play fostered a profound sense of empathy and understanding, while empowered many with ideas on how to cope with a disability themselves, or how to make life better for a disabled person in our community." Moving beyond the usual theatrical paradigms, this groundbreaking work of Stage Left’s created theatre by and for people with disabilities.
| 2.78125
| 0
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69709832
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophilus%20richardi
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Geophilus richardi
|
Description
Females of this species have 33 pairs of legs, whereas males can have either 29 or 31 leg pairs, but are usually recorded with 31 pairs. This centipede is small, ranging from only 5 mm to 10 mm in length. The body is tapered at each end, and the head is shaped like a rectangle with rounded corners. The head, trunk, and legs feature short setae.
The dorsal shield on the head is slightly longer than wide, with a width/length ratio of 0.97, and the antennae are each 2.8 times as long as the cephalic shield. The labrum is divided into distinct lateral and middle pieces, with four teeth on the middle piece. The inner teeth are short and blunt, but the outer teeth are longer and pointed. Each of the outer branches of the first maxillae features two articles with a single lappet on the basal article. Each of the second maxillae ends in a short curved claw that tapers gradually. The forcipular tergite leaves a short sclerite exposed in front. The ultimate article of the forcipules features a large basal tooth, but the internal margin of this article is not serrate.
The sternites from the second segment to the middle of the trunk feature fields of pores, but this species lacks the pores typically observed on the ventral surface of most soil centipedes, which usually feature pores from 2 to 4 micrometers in diameter that are each surrounded by a cuticular ring. Instead, the sternites in G. richardi bear a small number of pores from 0.5 to 1 micrometer in diameter. These pores are bounded by a cuticular ring, like the pores typically observed in other species and unlike smaller micropores, which lack such a ring. The small pores observed in G. richardi are possibly the remnants of typical ventral pores, their smaller size being a byproduct of overall miniaturization.
Each of the ultimate legs lacks dorsal coxal pores and features two large ventral pores partly covered by the sternite. Each of the ultimate legs ends in a claw. The telson features two small anal pores.
| 2.4375
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69709832
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophilus%20richardi
|
Geophilus richardi
|
This species shares many features with others in the genus Geophilus. For example, like other species in the same genus, this species features teeth on the middle piece of the labrum, lappets on the first maxillae, and claws on the ultimate legs. Furthermore, as in other Geophilus species, the head is only slightly elongated in this species, and the pores on the ultimate legs are close to the sternite.
A few other Geophilus species found in Europe also include centipedes with a number of legs similar to those observed in G. richardi. For example, G. persephones features 29 leg pairs, G. hadesi features 33 pairs, and G. minimus and G. ribauti can each feature as few as 33 pairs. Each of these species, however, can be distinguished from G. richardi based on other traits. For example, G. richardi features fewer pores on the ultimate legs than found in these other species. Furthermore, the second maxillae each end in a tubercle in G. hadesi, G. persephones, and G. minimus, whereas these maxillae each end in a curved claw in G. richardi. Moreover, both G. persephones and G. hadesi are found in caves and both share troglomorphic traits, such as elongated antennae: The antennae are at least four times as long as the head is wide in these two species but less than three times as long as the head is wide in G. richardi.
| 2.53125
| 0
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69710709
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belleville%20High%20Banks
|
Belleville High Banks
|
The Belleville High Banks is a half mile (0.8 km) dirt racing oval near Belleville, Kansas at the North Central Kansas Fairgrounds. The first recorded race happened at the track in 1910. It has held races on American Automobile Association (AAA), United States Auto Club (USAC), World of Outlaws Late Model Series and World of Outlaws Sprint cars circuits. The Belleville Midget Nationals and 305 Sprint Nationals races have been held at the track.
History
A horse racing circuit was built at the Republic County, Kansas fairgrounds. The first recorded automobile race at the track was a three car battle on July 4, 1910. Somewhere between 7000 and 10000 people watched the cars race 10 laps over 7 minutes and 10 seconds. The initial track was a flat half mile track and it was reconfigured to a high banked half mile track in 1932.
The International Motor Contest Association (IMCA} held their first national race at the track in 1951; the Big Cars (now Sprint cars) was won by Frank Luptow. IMCA held a race at Belleville each year until 1960. Ernie Derr won the 1960 IMCA race. The final IMCA race was held at Belleville in 1968 and it was won by Ramo Stott.
The Big Car Racing Association (BCRA) began sanctioning the track in 1965 and lasted until 1976. The first lap time under 20 seconds happened at a BCRA race on August 23, 1968. The O’Reilly National Championship Racing Association (NCRA) has sanctioned the track for over 20 years.
The track began hosting the annual Belleville Midget Nationals in 1978. Winners of the Belleville Nationals include Christopher Bell, Bryan Clauson, Jerry Coons Jr., Dave Darland, Kasey Kahne, Kyle Larson, and Brad Sweet. After 40 years, the final Belleville Nationals was held in 2017. It was replaced by the 305 Nationals in 2018. In 2020, it was the only event held at the track.
| 2.109375
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69710827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Brug%C3%A8re
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Raymond Brugère
|
The Belgian historian Catherine Lanneau described Brugère as a man of contradictions, an irascible man who erupted in most undiplomatic outbursts of rage while also being a most compassionate man full of sympathy for others; a man some found very clumsy and awkward while others praised him for his courage and idealism; a self-proclaimed "tough guy" who favored a "hard" style of power politics while also being an "idealist" and a lover of the arts and poetry. Brugère was a man who believed deeply in the greatness of France which he linked with his desire for the betterment of all humanity, believing that French culture was a "civilizing" force, and that the greater of the power of France the better the future of humanity. In this way, Brugère was able to balance the "hard" and "soft" sides of his personality. Brugère was strongly influenced by the style of diplomacy practiced by the comte de Saint-Aulaire and Claudel. In 1932, Brugère together with Maurice Paléologue, the last French ambassador to Imperial Russia, published an "Le Plan Schlieffen et le "Vengeur": Deux Lettres" (The Schlieffen Plan and the "Avenger": Two Letters") that defended the actions of France during the July crisis of 1914 against the thesis promoted by Germany of the Reich as the victim of Franco-Russian aggression.
| 2.15625
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69710827
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Brug%C3%A8re
|
Raymond Brugère
|
To counter the criticism, Brugère encouraged Face à Main, a liberal Brussels weekly run on 4 January 1947 a flattening story on France's mission civilisatrice (civilizing mission) in Vietnam and portrayed Admiral Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu, the French High Commissioner for Indochina, in a very favorable light . On 21 January 1947, La Nation, a conservative Brussels daily ran an article that praised French colonialism in Vietnam, which Brugère reported to Paris that he helped to inspire. On 26 February 1947, a Belgian newspaper, La Libre Belgique, published an article by a Catholic priest who served as a missionary in Vietnam, Father Emmanuel Jacques-Houssa, that was somewhat sympathetic towards the Viet Minh. In a report to Paris, Brugère wrote that "such nonsense in a newspaper known to be biased is likely to do us more good than harm", writing that such articles were the result of an "imbroglio of anti-French intrigues".
On 23 February 1947, Brugère was to confront a Vietnamese Catholic priest, Vincent Kuu, who was to deliver a pro-independence speech at a meeting of the Christian Workers' Youth in Brussels. However, Kuu had been arrested at the Franco-Belgian border by the Belgian police for insufficient identity documents. Instead, Father Houssa replaced him, leading to a lively debate about the merits of the mission civilisatrice in Indochina. Brugère's friend Claudel in a letter to his son wrote that Brugère had sent an "inflammatory telegram" to Bidault concerning the "Royal Question" in Belgium about the Regent Charles who was acting as the head of state for his older brother. Still unable to work effectively with Bidault, Brugère retired as ambassador in 1947.
| 1.976563
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69710880
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaiwant%20Singhji%20Vaghela
|
Jaiwant Singhji Vaghela
|
Jaiwant Singhji Vaghela of Sanand (1904 – 17 June 1980), also known as Sanand Bapu, was an Indian king, spiritual leader, classical vocalist, beenkar, and musicologist belonging to the Mewati gharana (musical apprenticeship lineage). He is known for being the Thakur of Sanand and guru of Pandit Jasraj. His legacy includes contributions of compositions (performed and recorded famously by Pandit Maniram and Pandit Jasraj), new raags, and an integrationist approach to music philosophy.
Background
Born into a family of music connoisseurs, Vaghela demonstrated interest in music from a young age. His grandfather, Bhagavat Singhji Vaghela, played the jaltarang and sang Krishna devotionals. His father, Ranmal Singhji Vaghela, appreciated music and dance and played the pakhawaj and tabla, which he studied from Ustad Nasir Khan Pakhawaji of Punjab gharana and Ustad Bachchu Khan of Delhi Gharana.
Vaghela studied music with Lakshmishankar of Rajkumar College, Rajkot. At Gujarat College in Ahmedabad, he studied singing, sitar, and vichitra veena with Govindprasad Gopal, a disciple of Ustad Faiz Ahmed Khan. At Sanand, he received training from his family's court musician, Munavvar Khan of the Mewati gharana, in singing and rudra veena.
Legacy
Vaghela was considered like a Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma of North India. He wrote and composed many songs that were made famous by recordings and performance of Pandit Jasraj. These include "Niranjani Narayani" (Raag Bhairavi), "Mata Kalika", "Jagadamb Jagadamb", and others.
Vaghela also composed new raags including Raag Jaiwanti Todi, Raag Jaiwant Sarang, Raag Gyankali, Raag Rajrajeshwari, Raag Bagkauns, and Raag Bhavani Bahar.
In 1957, he established a boarding school for Rajput boys at Sanand.
| 2.09375
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69711759
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20H.%20Coleman
|
James H. Coleman
|
James Hsuchen Coleman (; born June 3, 1999) is an American politician currently representing District 4 on the South San Francisco City Council. Elected at the age of 21, he is one of the youngest elected officials in the United States.
Early life and education
Coleman was born in South San Francisco. His mother is a Taiwanese immigrant who works as a lab technician at Kaiser Permanente. His father was a FedEx worker and died when James was 16. Coleman graduated from South San Francisco High School in 2017, and from Harvard University in 2021.
At Harvard, Coleman majored in human developmental and regenerative biology with a minor in government. He conducted undergraduate research in the Sahay Lab, a neuroscience laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital. Coleman was also active in Harvard's fossil fuel divestment campaign from 2018 to 2020, in which Harvard announced their intentions to divest on September 9, 2021.
Political career
Coleman was elected to the South San Francisco City Council in the middle of his senior year at college in 2020, defeating 18-year incumbent Richard Garbarino with 52.27% of the vote. He became the city's youngest ever and first openly LGBTQ+ council member.
On the city council, Coleman has led the passage of a $5 Hazard Pay ordinance for grocery workers, and worked with Mark Nagales to establish a Universal Basic Income pilot program providing $500 per month for 12 months to 160 families.
On December 7, 2021, Coleman announced a run for California State Assembly, to succeed incumbent Kevin Mullin. Mullin is not seeking reelection since he is running for Congress, following Jackie Speier's announcement that she would not run for reelection in 2022. On June 7, 2022, Coleman was defeated in the primary by San Mateo Mayor Diane Papan, who went on to win the general election.
| 1.960938
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69711815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozaemon%20Kimura
|
Kozaemon Kimura
|
Kozaemon Kimura (木村小左衛門; 1888–1952) was a Japanese businessman and politician who held several cabinet posts. He was one of the long-term members of the House of Representatives. He joined several political parties, including the Democratic Party.
Biography
Kimura was born in the Shimane Prefecture in 1888. He was a graduate of Waseda University. Following graduation he worked at different banks and headed various companies. He served as a secretary to the prime minister, minister of finance and minister of home and also, a parliament counselor. As of 1946 Kimura was the vice speaker of the House of Representatives to which he was first elected in 1924. In 1947 he was appointed minister of agriculture to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and in June 1947 he was named minister of home affairs to the cabinet led by Prime Minister Tetsu Katayama. In 1949 he was again elected to the House of Representatives and was appointed state minister to the cabinet of Shigeru Yoshida.
Kimura was a member of the Progressive Party. In the late 1940s he became a member of the Democratic Party and part of the faction led by Takeru Inukai. He was the general secretary of the party until 10 June 1947 when he resigned from the post, and Kimura was replaced by Gizo Tomabechi. In 1951 Kimura established and headed a faction within the party which included nine members. During this period he was part of a group in the party called "four emperors". The other members of this group were Takahashi Eikichi, Suzuki Shimpachi and Makino Kansaku. He died in 1952.
| 2.0625
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69711940
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Dupont
|
George Dupont
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Participation in the Civil War
After joining the New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, Dupont fought in major battles throughout the war. He went through the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Chancellorsville, and the Battle of Gettysburg without any major injuries. However, after the Battle of Gettysburg, he fell ill and was hospitalized near Alexandria, Virginia, during the summer and fall of 1863. He was wounded several times during the war. After his recovery, he became slightly wounded after taking part in the Battle of Resaca, but did not require any hospitalization. A month later, he was wounded again, this time severely, after engaging in the Battle of Kolb's Farm. He recovered from the wound in 1865, after the war came to its end.
After the Civil War
Dupont was discharged at Louisville, Kentucky. After leaving the army, he received a government bounty worth 75 Dollars, and a back pay worth 64.30 Dollars. It is unknown whether he returned to Jersey City or not, but he eventually ended up at Philadelphia, where he worked as a clerk for a type foundry on Sansom Street. On August 2, 1869, Dupont became a United States citizen and was granted a passport. He soon left the United States, visiting Japan and China before arriving at Bangkok in 1870. It is unknown why Dupont returned to Siam, an amateur historian speculated that he may have returned because he was satisfied with King Chulalongkorn's reforms. However, this is likely false, since major reforms did not happen until the 1880s.
After returning to Siam, Dupont worked for a newspaper called The Siam Weekly Advertiser. However, his career at the newspaper was cut short when the Siamese Government hired him as a drillmaster for the Army, acknowledging him as a “young man well up in military affairs”. He was hired as a foreign instructor, earning him 50 Dollars a month, a very high wage for a commoner at the time.
| 2.734375
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69712207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Shape%2C%20Location%2C%20and%20Size%20of%20Dante%27s%20Inferno
|
On the Shape, Location, and Size of Dante's Inferno
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On the Shape, Location, and Size of Dante's Inferno is the title of two lectures by Galileo Galilei presented in 1588 upon invitation by the Florentine Academy. The lectures secured him a job as a lecturer of mathematics at the University of Pisa. Galileo attempted to mathematically map Dante's description of hell, trying to bridge the Divine Comedy and scientific thinking. According to professor Mark Peterson, Galileo may have had a secondary aim, to attack the cosmological model of hell proposed by Alessandro Vellutello of Lucca, while supporting another model by the Florentine architect Antonio Manetti during the animosity between the two cities. The lectures were not mentioned by Galileo's first biographer, Vincenzo Viviani, but are available in the standard 20-volume Opere of Galileo among the
"literary" writings in Volume 9.
Contents
Since the publication of Divine Comedy in 1314, scholars had attempted to map the physical features of Dante's Inferno, such as the blasted valleys, caverns and the roiling rivers of fire. In his lectures Galileo suggested that many commonly accepted dimensions did not stand up to mathematical scrutiny. Using complex geometrical analysis, Galileo calculated that Vellutello's description of the hell's structure, such as the massive cylinders descending to the center of the Earth, would, in reality, collapse under their own weight.
| 2.53125
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69712460
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closer%20to%20the%20Light
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Closer to the Light
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Closer to the Light: Learning from the Near-Death Experiences of Children is a 1991 nonfiction book written by Melvin L. Morse and Paul Perry with foreword written by Raymond Moody. The book documented the near-death experiences (NDEs) of 26 children and became a New York Times bestseller.
Summary
Closer to the Light documents real-life accounts of near-death experiences in children. Morse had previously theorized that near-death experiences came from drugs administered during attempts to save someone's life. He conducted a study to determine which drugs caused such experiences but abandoned it after what he believes were credible reports of near death experiences. The results of the study were first published in 1986 in the American Journal of Disease in Children, with Closer to the Light documenting the study and other accounts of near death experiences in children in 1991.
Reception
The book was reviewed by Stuart W Twemlow in 1991 in the Journal of Near-Death Studies. His view is that a scientifically 'suspect' subject had been well covered and written up in plain language by Morse, whom he praises as 'empathic'.
| 2.71875
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69712460
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closer%20to%20the%20Light
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Closer to the Light
|
Others who have referred to the book have examined the overall validity of NDEs as evidence of survival after bodily death. Susan J. Blackmore in her chapter 'Near-death experiences' in The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience discusses various alternative explanations for these experiences, including expectation, administered drugs, endorphins, anoxia (oxygen depletion) or hypercarbia (excess carbon dioxide) and temporal lobe stimulation. Both anoxia and hypercarbia are likely to induce at least some of the elements of an NDE, such as the 'light at the end of a tunnel' and the 'out-of-body' experiences. Hypercarbia has long been known to induce strange effects such as seeing lights, visions, disconnection from the body and apparently mystical experiences. Blackmore concludes that temporal lobe stimulation due to anoxia and changes in the limbic system may also account for much of the classical near-death-experience. In closing the chapter she says that the NDE deserves serious research, not to prove survival beyond death but to help in the acceptance of death and tell us more about ourselves.
| 2.078125
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69712571
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20of%20Vienne
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Julian of Vienne
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Julian of Vienne (, ) was a bishop of Vienne in France of the first half of the sixth century, approximately between 520 and 530. He is venerated as a saint of the Catholic Church and attended a number of early church synods.
The 9th-century archbishop and chronicler Ado of Vienne places him as 18th bishop of Vienne, following Saint Avitus, who seems to have died between 518 and 525.
The Bishop Julianus that was present at the Council of Lyon, around 518-523, alongside Archbishop Viventiolus of Lyon, would be Julian of Vienne. Although the Vita of Saint Apollinaris placed Avitus at this council, Ulysse Chevalier argues that "the rank occupied by Julian after the metropolitan of Lyon and before Apollinaris, seems to indicate that it was he who was metropolitan of Vienne."
He appears as Julianus Episcopus at the second Council of Orlėans in 533 where he holds the 23rd rank among the subscribing bishops.
Considered a saint, Julian appears in the liturgical calendar of the diocese of Grenoble-Vienne on 1 July, alongside Saint Martin and all the former bishop saints of Vienne. In addition, he was listed in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum on 22 April, as well as by the Bollandists.
| 2.109375
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69712769
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogilan%20mound
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Mogilan mound
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The Mogilan mound or Mogilanska mound is a burial mound in the center of Vratsa, Bulgaria.
During excavations in 1965–66, 3 tombs were found in it, built of stone. One of them - tomb No 2, was found intact and yielded a rich treasure-trove of artifacts.
Tomb No 2 consists of an anteroom and a chamber. In the anteroom there was a chariot and the remains of a sacrificed horse, whose ammunition has a complete set of silver decorations. In the chamber there was a funeral with many treasures: a gold wreath and earrings, a gilded silver knee pad with an image of the great mother goddess, a set of magic figurines, as well as different vessels and objects made of silver, bronze and ceramics. Some vessels bear the name of the Odrysian ruler Cotys I.
The other two tombs were looted in antiquity and yielded only a small amount of random objects – a gold and silver jug and others. It is likely that prominent members of the ruler dynasty of the Triballi were buried in those tombs in the 4th century BC.
The artifacts are stored in the regional historical muzeum of Vratsa.
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69712798
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzzini
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Cruzzini
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The valley is covered by a dense Maquis shrubland except in the immediate vicinity of the villages, which are surrounded by terraced gardens and a few olive or chestnut groves.
The riparian zone holds alders and willows.
The upper Cruzini valley is predominantly wooded with Laricio pine, and is encircled by peaks of the Monte d'Oro massif exceeding in height, including Punta di Pinzi Corbini, Punta Muratellu and Punta Migliarello.
There are no roads above Chiusa, but the municipalities have developed themed trails and stopover lodges in an effort to attract hikers.
In its upper reaches the crest that separates the valley of the Cruzini from that of the Fiume Grossu to the north has been designated a Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique (ZNIEFF).
It ranges in elevation from and covers .
The Punta Muzzella is the highest peak.
The area is used for extensive livestock farming, which maintains open areas and contributes to biodiversity.
There is logging activity in the territorial forest of Libiu and the communal forest of Pastricciola.
Tributaries
The following streams (ruisseaux) are tributaries of the Cruzini (ordered by length) and sub-tributaries:
Viglianese:
Scarpentate:
Tavola:
Ponticchiu:
San Marginu:
Lagniato:
Mitili:
Melu:
Crocce:
Fonda:
Purcareccia:
Chiavatone:
Castagnetta:
Tartavellu:
Fontanelle:
Cocciolu:
Campotellu:
Azzana:
Capannella:
Casaroggia:
Umbutone:
Carga:
Umbriccia:
Canale:
Tassu:
Canale:
Cava:
Chiovone:
Confortu:
Erbaju:
Cadetta:
Niellone:
Favale:
Erbajolu:
Pisale:
| 2.40625
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69712883
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Shinnors
|
John Shinnors
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John Shinnors is an Irish landscape artist whose work has become increasingly abstract over time. He is a member of Aosdána and sits as the visual arts representative on EV+A.
Life and work
John Shinnors was the son of a handyman-mechanic born in Limerick on 14 April 1950. He received a general education at the Christian Brothers School in Limerick City. As a teenager, he amused himself by drawing and later enrolling in an art class at Limerick School of Art & Design. The class was just one night per week but he soon lost interest and dropped out. Shinnors then took himself to London for a time where he did a number of menial jobs and attended Hornsey Art School on a part-time basis, before returning home in 1969. He then returned full-time to Limerick School of Art & Design under the influence of Jack Donovan where remained until 1972. Shinnors left the college to explore his own direction in art. He is considered a maverick on the Irish art scene.
Shinnors is an abstract painter who has built up a solid and recurring set of visual motifs that include scarecrows, lighthouses, cows and boats. Shinnors taught part-time at his alma mater whilst he established his practice. His earliest works were shown in a small network of local independent galleries, in factories and in the open air. His first success came in 1984 when he was awarded the Royal Hibernian Association's Guinness Peat Aviation Emerging Artists Award, where Tony Ryan was to become one of his earliest patrons. Amongst his influences can be counted Jack Donovan, Georges de la Tour, James McNeill Whistler and Caravaggio.
Shinnors has been a frequent exhibitor with the Royal Hibernian Academy, and also with the Oireachtas where he debuted in 1977.
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69713049
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminalization%20of%20homosexuality
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Criminalization of homosexuality
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One explanation for these legal changes is increased regard for human rights and autonomy of the individual and the effects of the 1960s sexual revolution. The trend in increased attention to individual rights in laws around sexuality has been observed around the world, but progresses more slowly in some regions, such as the Middle East. Studies have found that modernization, as measured by the Human Development Index or GDP per capita, and globalization (KOF Index of Globalization) was negatively correlated with the criminalization of homosexuality.
Resistance to decriminalization
Africa is the only continent where decriminalization of homosexuality has not been widespread since the mid-twentieth century. In Africa, one of the primary narratives cited in favor of the criminalization of homosexuality is "defending ordre public, morality, culture, religion, and children from the assumed imperial gay agenda" associated with the Global North. Such claims ignore the fact that many indigenous African cultures tolerated homosexuality, and historically the criminalization of homosexuality derives from British colonialism. In the Middle East, homosexuality has been seen as a tool of Western domination for the same reason.
| 2
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69713049
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminalization%20of%20homosexuality
|
Criminalization of homosexuality
|
Even in countries where there are no specific laws against homosexuality, homosexuals may be disproportionately criminalized under other laws, such as those targeting indecency, debauchery, prostitution, pornography, homelessness, or HIV exposure. In some countries such as (historically) China and (currently) Egypt, such laws serve as de facto criminalization of homosexuality. One analysis of the United States found that, instead of being directly arrested under sodomy laws, "most arrests of homosexuals came from solicitation, disorderly conduct, and loitering laws, which were based on the assumption that homosexuals (unlike heterosexuals), by definition, were people who engaged in illicit activity". In 2014, Nigeria passed the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013, criminalizing people who have a same-sex marriage ceremony with five years' imprisonment. Although homosexuality was already illegal, the law led to increasing persecution of Nigerian homosexuals.
Enforcement
Laws criminalizing homosexuality are inherently difficult to enforce, because they concern acts done by consenting individuals in private. Enforcement varies from active persecution to non-enforcement; more often than not, laws are nearly unenforced for private, consensual sex. In some countries, there are no prosecutions for decades or there is a formal moratorium.
| 2.4375
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69713081
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachendorfia%20brachyandra
|
Wachendorfia brachyandra
|
Description
The short-stamen butterfly-lily is a perennial herbaceous plant of high that emerges from a small, globose to oval rootstock of in diameter. The plant dies-down during the dry, hot summer. Its line- to lance-shaped, straight or often sickle-shaped leaves of up to long and wide are upright or spreading, without hairs, and dark to yellowish green in colour. The flowering stem is about in diameter and coated in short glandular hairs. It is often less than high. The flowers are set in a lax, simple, seldom compound panicle with 6-17 flowers per peduncle. The peduncles and pedicels are slender, and the peduncles are short near tip of the inflorescence, but those at the base are much longer, up to long). The bracts are set with dense soft hairs, up to long, mostly dry, brown and papery, oval to elongated with parallel sides and with a pointy tip, almost completely enclosing the pedicels, and without recurved tips lower down. The zygomorphic perianth consists of six light apricot to yellow tepals of long and wide, in two whorls of three, with dark markings on the upper three tepals. The upper tepal id smaller than the others and only slightly recurved. The margin of the tepals is only rarely adorned with a row of equally long hairs at regular intervals. Unique for this Wachendorfia species is that the three stamens are clustered, not spreading, and at only about half as long as tepals. The anthers are long and wide. The style is also short at long and only somewhat curved sideways. The fruit is dry capsule with three lobes that is about wide and wide. The seeds are spherical in shape, about in diameter and covered in coarse hairs.
| 2.359375
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69713584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20FC%20Basel%20%281965%E2%80%932000%29
|
History of FC Basel (1965–2000)
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Basel played a total of 56 games in their 1975–76 season. 26 in the domestic league, seven in the Swiss Cup, two in the Swiss League Cup, four in the Cup of the Alps, five in the Cup of the Alps, two in the 1975–76 European Cup Winners' Cup and 17 were friendly matches. Basel won six friendly games, drew six and lost five. In the Cup of the Alps Basel were in a group with Stade de Reims, Olympique Lyonnais and Lausanne-Sport. Two wins and two draws were enough for Basel to qualify for the final. But here they faced Servette in the Charmilles Stadium and lost 0–3. Basel played a good domestic league season, but reigning champions Zürich ran away with the title. Zürich won the championship with 44 points, five points clear of second placed Servette and ten points clear of third placed Basel.
As cup winners in the previous season, Basel were qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup. In the first round of the 1975–76 European Cup Winners' Cup Basel were drawn against Spanisch Cup 1974–75 runners-up Atlético Madrid. Atlético had been beaten in the final by Real Madrid 3–4 after a penalty shoot out, but because Real became Spanish champions they thus entered the 1975–76 European Cup and Atlético competed in this competition as runners-up. The 1st leg was played in St. Jakob Stadium in front of 33,000 spectators and Basel took an early lead through Roland Schönenberger in the third minute. But a double strike from José Eulogio Gárate and Rubén Ayala in the 65th and 68th minute turned the game and Basel were defeated 2–3. In the return leg in Vicente Calderón Stadium, with over 25,000 spectators, Heraldo Bezerra put Atlético in the lead in the 74th minute, Otto Demarmels leveled the score, but this was not enough to stop Atlético advancing to the next round.
| 1.9375
| 0
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69713584
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20FC%20Basel%20%281965%E2%80%932000%29
|
History of FC Basel (1965–2000)
|
The reform of the Nationalliga had been completed the previous season and the domestic league was contested by 12 teams. However, there was one change at the start of the 1995–96 Nationalliga A season and that was that the Swiss Football Association introduced the three points for a win standard. In 1995, FIFA formally adopted this system and it subsequently became standard in international tournaments, as well as most national football leagues. The season started well for Basel, three wins in the first four games. But then, between the sixth and sixteenth round Basel suffered eight defeats in 11 games. It was at this point that Claude Andrey lost his job as head-coach and the reasons were not just of sporting nature. Oldrich Svab took over on an interim basis on 28 October and continued until Karl Engel was appointed as new head-coach. The team caught themselves and qualified for the championship round. In the 22 games, Basel won nine, drew three and suffered ten defeats. The team had collected 30 points and they were three points above the dividing line. In the championship round Basel did not record a victory until the ninth round, but they finished the season in sixth position and thus qualified for the 1996 UEFA Intertoto Cup. In the second stage of the league season Basel managed just three victories, four draws and suffered seven defeats.
Basel entered the Swiss Cup in the third round. Here they defeated the lower tier club Subingen 6–1. In the fourth and fifth round they defeated lower tier clubs Gossau 3–1 and Biel-Bienne 4–1. Thus Basel advanced to the quarter-finals and here they travelled to la Maladière in Neuchâtel, but were knocked out of the cup by Xamax 2–1 after extra time. Sion won the cup. In the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup Basel managed a home win against Sheffield Wednesday and an away win in Poland against Górnik Zabrze. But the other two games ended with defeats, at home against the Karlsruher SC and an away game against Aarhus GF. As group winners Karlsruhe continued to the next round.
| 1.960938
| 0
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69713856
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20the%20Cocos%20%28Keeling%29%20Islands
|
COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
|
The COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached the Cocos (Keeling) Islands on 19 March 2022.
Background
On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.
The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands along with Christmas Island constitute the Australian Indian Ocean Territories. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands were formerly part of the Straits Settlements until they were transferred to Australia during the 1950s. As Australian dependencies, they are not self-governing but do have their own local government.
Timeline
March 2022
On 19 March 2022, the territory reported its first case of COVID-19.
On 21 March, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands reported one new case, bringing the total number of cases to two.
On 26 March, one of the two positive cases recovered.
On 29 March, the second remaining positive case recovered from COVID-19.
April 2022
On 1 April, one new case was reported, bringing the total number of cases to three.
On 3 April, Administrator Natasha Griggs identified Pondok Indah and the Home Island House as casual exposure sites in the island territory. That same day, Griggs identified the Shire of Cocos Keeling Islands Home Island Office as another casual exposure site.
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69714128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurul%20Haque%20Miah
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Nurul Haque Miah
|
Muhammad Nurul Haque Miah (; 1 July 1944 — 20 February 2021) was a professor at Dhaka College and the head of its Department of Chemistry. He is renowned for writing high school and degree textbooks.
Early life and education
Muhammad Nurul Haque Miah was born on 1 July 1944 to a Bengali Muslim family in Sreepur, Gazipur. His father was Elahi Bakhsh and mother was Salemunnesa. He studied chemistry at the University of Dhaka, and among his classmates were Mohammad Abdur Razzaque and Tofail Ahmed. He graduated in 1967.
Career
Miah's career began in 1969, where he was employed as a teacher at the Jagannath University. Subsequently, he worked as professor at Murari Chand College, Ananda Mohan College, Saadat College, Dhaka Science College and Dhaka College. He was the head of chemistry at Dhaka College for four years, and served as acting-principal in 2001. M. Zahid Hasan was one of his notable students.
He became prominent in Bangladesh for writing books relating to chemistry. He has written 6 books for higher secondary and degree classes. His textbooks were the only ones which were available from 1983 to 1999.
Personal life
Miah has been associated with the Tablighi Jamaat since his student life. He is married to the daughter of Islamic scholar Azizul Haque. He has two sons and six daughters, all of whom have memorised the Qur'an off by heart. His two sons, Enamul Haque and Ehsanul Haque, are teachers at the Jamia Rahmania Arabia madrasa in Dhaka.
Death
On 20 February 2021, Miah died in his own home in Azimpur at the age of 76.
| 2.03125
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69714383
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Naimuddin
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Muhammad Naimuddin
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Muhammad Naimuddin (; 1832–1907/1916) was a Bengali Islamic scholar, writer and journalist. He was the chief editor of the Akhbare Islamia.
Early life and education
Muhammad Naimuddin was born in 1832, to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Shuruj in Tangail, Mymensingh District, Bengal Presidency.
He completed his initial education at the Dulai Madrasa in Sujanagar, Pabna District and also completed Islamic studies in Dhaka. He later travelled through Murshidabad, Bihar, Allahabad, Agra, Delhi and other places to gain further religious knowledge. He was awarded the title of 'Alem-ud-Dahar' for his specialisation in Islamic knowledge.
Career
Naimuddin had numerous careers in his life. He was a school teacher as well as a qazi (marriage registrar) whilst in Pabna.
He finally started concentrating on publishing magazines, writing books and spreading the message of Islam under the patronage of the Panni zamindars of Karatia.
The family employed Naimuddin as the editor of the Akhbare Islamia journal. Aside from that, he began working on translating the entire Quran into the Bengali language.
Works
Naimuddin had written around 30 books relating to religion. The first volume of his translation of the Quran was published on 26 September 1891. From 1892 to 1908, he published the translation of 9 paras. In 1892, he also released a four-volume Bengali translation of the Fatwa-e-Alamgir with the assistance of Wajed Ali Khan Panni and patronage of Hafez Mahmud Ali Khan Panni. He was made the chief editor of the Bengali monthly Akhbare Islamia in 1883, published from the Mahmudia Press. These works were sponsored by the Zamindar of Karatia Hafez Mahmud Ali Khan Panni. Some of his other notable books include:
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69714413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Still%20%28doctor%29
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James Still (doctor)
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Still continued his practice into his 60s, despite advancing age and declining health. In 1872, he found himself "much broken down by being overtasked with business, and concluded to give up my outside practice and continue only that which came to my office, hoping to regain my former health." In August of that year, Still and his wife vacationed for four days in Long Branch, New Jersey. He returned feeling "much better." As soon as he was dropped off at home, he said that "five or six persons joined me to go up to the office for medical attendance. When I reached the house I found my office full, waiting my return." This demoralized Still, as he realized that community demands would not allow him to reduce his workload. "I continued as best I could with my office work," he wrote, "suffering continually from great prostration. This physical condition continued for more than a year." He became too ill to see many patients, and even "felt [his] own departure to be near." However, he eventually recovered and once again expressed a desire to cut back office hours. "In this I was disappointed," he wrote. "As soon as it was known that I was about again I was fairly besieged with patients."
Still published his 274-page autobiography in 1877. In addition to his life chronicle, the book contains moral instruction, recipes for "treating fevers and many other maladies," political opinions, family vignettes, and a travelogue of his visit to New Jersey's 1876 Centennial Exposition.
| 1.90625
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69714413
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Still%20%28doctor%29
|
James Still (doctor)
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Still felt compelled to offer encouragement by example to members of his recently emancipated but historically disadvantaged race. In his book's introduction, Still wrote:
I hope this book may be a stimulus to some poor, dejected fellow-man, who, almost hopelessly, sits down and folds his arms and says, "I know nothing, and can do nothing." Let me say to you, Study nature and its laws, the source from which these mighty truths are drawn. Great minds are not made in schools. I am speaking to men whose pecuniary circumstances are such as to prevent them from being partakers of these blissful privileges.
Still died of a stroke in 1882. He is buried in Colemantown Cemetery in Mount Laurel, New Jersey.
Legacy
Still's life was chronicled in Henry Charlton Beck's 1936 book, Forgotten Towns of Southern New Jersey, in a chapter entitled "The Doctor of the Pines." Much of Beck's knowledge of Still's life originated with Still's little-known 1877 self-published autobiography (which was identified on the title page as having been "Printed for the author by J.B. Lippincott"). According to Beck, this book was largely overlooked and forgotten and might have remained lost. However, a surviving copy was discovered in the personal effects of Still's only daughter, Lucretia, upon her death in 1930. The work is now in the public domain and has been reprinted by several independent publishers.
Dr. Still's stately home in Medford, New Jersey, was torn down in 1932, but his modest next-door office building was purchased for preservation by the State of New Jersey in 2006. Today it is the Dr. James Still Historic Office Site and Education Center.
His brother, William Still, was an abolitionist writer, activist, historian, and conductor on the Underground Railroad, which helped fugitive slaves reach states where slavery had been outlawed.
Following his father's footsteps, James Thomas Still was the third African-American to graduate from Harvard Medical School in 1871.
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69715608
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Subotnik
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Daniel Subotnik
|
Daniel Subotnik (born 1942; deceased 2024) was a Professor of Law at the Touro Law Center who wrote extensively about race and gender theory. He is the author of Toxic Diversity: Race, Gender, and Law Talk. and an early skeptic of critical race theory as interpreted by legal scholars.
Personal life and education
Subotnik is the son of a European refugee father (Louis Subotnik) and an Egypt-born French mother (Emma Subotnik, née Bouskela). He earned a BA degree from Columbia University in 1963 and a JD–MBA dual degree from Columbia Law School in 1966. He is married to Rose Rosengard Subotnik, an American musicologist at Brown University. They have two children.
Race and gender
In 1998, Subotnik published one of the earliest critiques of critical race theory (CRT). His article, "What’s Wrong with Critical Race Theory: Reopening the Case for Middle Class Values," highlighted many exaggerated claims originating within the burgeoning CRT community. More generally, while accepting some aspects of critical race theory, Subotnik warned of communal dangers that could arise if modern day race relations are equated with circumstances one or two hundred years earlier. He has argued that white academics can and must have a role to play in a field dominated by minority voices, and that academic CRT scholars must reckon with changes in the racial landscape in America.
In 2005, Subotnik published Toxic Diversity, where he offered numerous examples of what he deemed problematic CRT -- as well as feminist -- academic scholarship.
Subotnik has publicly disagreed with Richard Delgado, one of the founders of CRT, though the two have found a common language publishing a back-and-forth dialogue.
| 2.1875
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69715664
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Eduard%20Boettcher
|
Christian Eduard Boettcher
|
Christian Eduard Boettcher, or Böttcher ( 9 December 1818 in Imgenbroich – 15 June 1889 in Düsseldorf), was a German painter whose work comprised portraiture and genre painting.
Career
Boettcher first attended the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart under Johann Heinrich von Dannecker from 1833 to 1838 and trained as a lithographer, working as such for the Ebner'sche Verlagshaus (Ebner's publishing house), in Stuttgart and for the Arnz & Comp. lithographic institute in Düsseldorf.
From 1844 to 1849 he studied at the Düsseldorf Art Academy under the history painter Theodor Hildebrandt and in the master class of Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow. After completing his studies, he settled in Düsseldorf. In 1848 he was one of the founding members of the Malkasten artists' association, of which he was a member of the board for a time. He was a member of the Verein der Düsseldorfer Künstler (Association of Düsseldorf Artists), and the academic association, Orient. Boettcher was appointed professor at the Düsseldorf and Academy of Arts in 1872.
Artistic activity
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69716276
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailean%20a%27%20Ridse%20MacDh%C3%B2mhnaill
|
Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
|
Allan The Ridge MacDonald (1794 Allt an t-Srathain, Lochaber, Scotland – 1 April 1868 Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada) was a bard, traditional singer, and seanchaidh who emigrated from the Gàidhealtachd of Scotland to Nova Scotia in 1816. He continued to compose Gaelic poetry on his two separate homesteads in Canada and remains a highly important figure in both Scottish Gaelic literature and in that of Canadian Gaelic. He is also, along with John The Bard MacLean, one of only two 19th-century North American Gaelic poets from whom a sizeable repertoire survives.
Family background
Like fellow Gaelic Bards Iain Lom and Sìleas na Ceapaich, Ailean a' Ridse was born into both the Scottish nobility and Clan MacDonald of Keppoch ().
Through his descent from Alasdair Carrach, 1st Chief () of Keppoch, the future poet could trace his descent from Scottish King Robert the Bruce, whose granddaughter, Princess Margaret, married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles and became Alistair Carrach's mother.
The first tacksman () of Bohuntine () and the poet's ancestor, Iain Dubh MacDhòmhnaill, was born illegitimately during the early 16th century to Raghnall Mòr (d. 1547), 7th Chief of Keppoch, and a weaver woman from Clan Cameron whose name does not survive. Her father, however, was Lachuinn Mòr Mac a' Bhàird ("Big Lachuinn, son of the Poet").
During the Battle of Boloyne against Clan Cameron () in 1554, Alexander MacDonald, 8th of Keppoch, was wounded in the fray. In response, the Chief's half-brother, Iain Dubh MacDhòmhnaill of Bohuntine, took de facto command of the Keppoch forces and oversaw the defeat of the Camerons and the death and dismemberment of their Chief () upon the battlefield.
Over the centuries that followed, Iain Dubh's descendants, the tacksmen of Bohuntine, were referred to as Sliochd an Taighe ("The Family of the Household") and as Sliochd na Ban-fhigich ("The Family of the Weaver-Woman").
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