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68420828
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico%27s%20School
|
Pico's School
|
Pico's School is a 1999 Flash game developed by Tom Fulp for his website Newgrounds. At the time of its release, it was "one of the most sophisticated" browser games, exhibiting "a complexity of design and polish in presentation that [was] virtually unseen in amateur Flash game development". It has been widely credited with kickstarting the Flash games scene and helping launch Newgrounds "as a public force".
The game is a point-and-click adventure/shooter that was inspired by the Columbine High School massacre, putting the player in the shoes of the titular Pico, who has to fight a group of stereotypical goth kids who have killed their classmates.
Plot
During a school lesson on apples and bananas, Pico's classmate Cassandra interrupts the class to denounce the American education system, which she believes to be "bullshit", before opening fire upon her fellow students. Pico blacks out during the chaos, managing to escape the classroom only to discover the majority of his classmates have been killed. As Pico fights the goth kids, he discovers they are being manipulated by Cassandra. Cassandra is then revealed to be an alien, and Pico must defeat her.
Gameplay
The game lets players choose multiple pathways through the school's halls, have conversations with surviving students, and engage in enemy fights, all driven by mouse clicks.
Development
Tom Fulp stated in an interview that he was inspired to make the game following a variety of angry e-mails sent to his website Newgrounds following the Columbine massacre, many of which would blame internet websites for distributing offensive content.
The game was developed in Flash 3 prior to the advent of the scripting language ActionScript, which almost all subsequent Flash games would use. To simulate stored data, Fulp claims to have created a complex web of movie clips to simulate in-game variables, an innovative technique which created a considerable strain during highly interactive sequences, such as boss fights.
| 2.078125
| 0
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68421407
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Coloured%20Women%27s%20Club%20of%20Montreal
|
The Coloured Women's Club of Montreal
|
Attending to veterans returning from the Boer War was one of the first projects undertaken by the club. Its activities relating to organizing, feeding, and providing shelter and care, continued throughout the First World War, the Great Depression and World War II. During these years, the Club women operated across Canada and taught on diet, management of money, and sanitation. The Club's women provided support to new mothers, clothes for new arrivals from the West Indies and America, soup kitchens, a black history library, and they organised a burial ground at Mount Royal Cemetery.
The CWCM was considered a reliable ally of Reverend Charles H. Este. By 1934, Lena Robinson, the wife of John A. Robinson, served as a pastor at Winnipeg's Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1907, the Club helped found the Union United Church, the oldest black church in Montreal and key to the development of the community, with which it collaborated to provide scholarships for black students.
Later years
The CWCM made significant contributions to Montreal’s Black community both in its early years and later. The organisation's activities were recognised by the Ministry of Immigration, Francisation and Integration in 1995. In 1997, Shirley Giles became the Club's president.
In 1999, a group of Club members compiled The Coloured Women's Club Millennium Cookbook which sold more than 1,200 copies. In educating on the black diaspora in Canada, the Club organises tours to southern Ontario, Nova Scotia and the United States, tracing routes on the Underground Railroad.
In 2000, at the opening of the "Centennial Rose Garden" at Rideau Hall, Ottawa, a bench inscribed in honour of the Club was included. The Club was awarded the "Trailblazers Award" from the Black History Month Round Table in 2002.
The Anne Greenup Solidarity Prize, awarded annually by the Quebec Government, is named for the club's first president.
| 3
| 0
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68421526
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20John%27s%20Point%2C%20County%20Down
|
Saint John's Point, County Down
|
The early 20th century saw further refinements to the lighthouse and 1902, when three black bands were added to the tower. The gas burners were upgraded, and in 1908 an 920mm Fresnel lens was installed.
The daymark was changed to black with two yellow bands in 1954. The dwellings and the auxiliary light were provided with electricity. On 5 September 1957, the 084° bearing was altered to 078°. In this period, the lighthouse also established a curious connection with (then future) Irish playwright, Brendan Behan, who was employed as a painter at the lighthouse station. Seemingly unsuited to the task, the lightkeeper, one Mr. Blakely complained to the Commissioners of Irish Lights that Behan was "the worst specimen" he had met in 30 years' service and someone "not amenable to any law and order". Reportedly wasteful, poorly skilled, and indigent, Blakely requested Behan be dismissed "before the place is ruined", however, reportedly he was rehired for similar work the following year.
The fog signal was discontinued on in January 2011 but the light is used during daylight hours when visibility is poor.
The former keepers' cottages and outbuildings have been operated by the Irish Landmark Trust and operated as tourist accommodation since 2015, however, access to the lighthouse tower is generally restricted and only open to public access on a limited basis.
Following on from a consultation process in 2015, the lighthouse was selected as one of the Irish Landmark Trust's capital projects, with restoration and increased access works to be undertaken in the period 2021/2022 and encompassing a range of improvements including:
| 2.265625
| 0
|
68421589
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterophylla%20%28plant%29
|
Pterophylla (plant)
|
Pterophylla is a genus of trees of the family Cunoniaceae, with species found growing naturally in Madagascar, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific Islands, formerly included in Weinmannia.
Range and habitat
Species of Pterophylla are native to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, and to Malesia (Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku, and the Philippines), Papuasia (New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and parts of Oceania (Fiji, Cook Islands, Marquesas Islands, Samoa Islands, Society Islands, and Tubuai Islands).
Species of Pterophylla grow in lowland tropical forests in Madagascar, and generally in hill and montane tropical forests on the larger islands of Malesia and the Pacific. They are absent from Oceania's low coraline islands, but can be abundant on the higher volcanic islands from 300 to 750+ metres elevation. They are also found in subtropical and temperate forest in New Zealand between 300 and 1180 metres elevation.
Classification
The genus was first described by David Don in 1830. It is often treated as a synonym of Weinmannia.
A phylogenomic study by Pillon et al. (2021) concluded that Weinmannia was paraphyletic, and formed two distinct clades. The species belonging to the four Old World sections – Fasciculatae, Inspersae, Spicatae, and Leiospermum – formed a monophyletic group, which is sister to the Old World genera Cunonia and Pancheria. Section Weinmannia, which includes species from the Americas and the Mascarene Islands, is sister to the Old World assemblage. They proposed placing the four Old World sections into the revived genus Pterophylla, with genus Weinmannia limited to the American and Mascarene species of section Weinmannia.
Species
There are 68 accepted species, which are divided among four sections – Pterophylla (formerly Fasciculatae), Leiospermum, Spicatae, and Inspersae.
| 2.84375
| 0
|
68421607
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloch%20Labhrais
|
Cloch Labhrais
|
Legend
There are several legends surrounding the stone, but almost all of them feature the stone revealing whether a person is lying. One version of the story tells of a disloyal young wife and her husband. The husband began to suspect that his wife and the man who was her lover may have had some indecent relationship. He took her out to the Answering Stone and told her to say whether or not she had betrayed him. The woman, having expected this, had secretly arranged for her lover to stand at the peak of a nearby mountain, where he would be in sight from their place at the stone, but far enough away that her husband would not recognize him. She said, "I had no more to do with the man that my husband suspects than with that man standing at the summit of this mountain!" The husband asked the stone if his wife was telling the truth, to which the stone replied that she was, but the truth was bitter. Since the stone had never before encountered such a misleading and deceitful form of trickery, only having been exposed to outright honesty or a simple lie, it was horrified with the woman's wickedness and split in half.
| 1.976563
| 0
|
68421609
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Polak
|
Henry Polak
|
Henry Salomon Leon Polak (1882 — 31 January 1959) was a British-born lawyer, journalist and activist in South Africa who worked in collaboration with Mohandas Gandhi against racial discrimination. He served as an editor for the journal Indian Opinion and influenced by Theosophy, he believed in humanism and worked for the British Indian Association and several other causes.
Life and work
Polak was born in Dover, Kent in the Jewish family of Joseph and Adele Solomon Pool. He received admission to the London School of Economics but he was unable to afford studies there and after studying commerce for a while in Switzerland he attended evening classes at the Queen's Road Evening Institute in London. Here he met Millie Graham Downs, a Christian social activist. She introduced him to lectures organized at the Southgate Road Brotherhood Church by Reverend Bruce Wallace. He heard a talk by the Theosophist Annie Besant and readings on Tolstoy which influenced him. They also attended talks at the South Place Ethical Society. Polak moved to South Africa in 1903 to serve there in the family business leaving Millie behind.
| 2.265625
| 0
|
68421816
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaribullah%20Nasiru%20Kabara
|
Qaribullah Nasiru Kabara
|
Khalifa Sheikh Qaribullah Sheikh Muhammad Nasir Kabara Al-Malikiy, Al-Ash’ariy, Al-Qadiriy (born 17 February 1959) is the leader of the Qadriyyah Sufi Movement in Nigeria and the West African region. He became the Khalifa in 1996 after the death of his father, Sheikh Muhammad Nasir Kabara. With adherents stretching from Chad basin to the Senegambia, the Qadriyyah Tariqa is the most focused concentration of Sufi adherents in post-colonial Africa.
His brother is Abduljabbar Nasiru Kabara.
Early life
Khalifa Sheik Qaribullah Sheikh Muhammad Nasir Kabara was born in Kano City Nigeria, on 17 February 1959. His mother died a few minutes after his birth.
He received a B.A. in Arabic from Bayero University in 1994.
Personal life
He had nineteen children.
He says he owns some of Muhammad's hair, which he was given by As-Sheikh Ahmadul Khazraji, whose family in the United Arab Emirates is rumored to have had the relic for centuries.
Positions & honors
He was chairman of the Kano State Pilgrims Welfare Board from 1992 to 1993 and member of the Kano State Sharia Implementation Advisory Committee from 2000 to 2003. He is the Chair of the Kano State Shura Council from 2011.
He was a teacher, school administrator and proprietor of the Turath College of Islamic Sciences in Kano.
The government of Kano State, under the government of Abdullahi Umar Ganduje named a flyover close to Kofar Mata after him (Sheikh Qaribullah Nasir Kabara Flyover).
| 1.929688
| 0
|
68422155
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemadactylus%20valenciennesi
|
Nemadactylus valenciennesi
|
Nemadactylus valenciennesi (common names include blue morwong, queen snapper, the queen fish, sea carp or southern blue morwong), is a species of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. It is endemic to southern Australia.
Taxonomy
Nemadactylus valenciennesi was first formally described in 1937 as Sciaenoides valenciennesi by the Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley with the type locality given as King George Sound in Western Australia. The specific name honours Achille Valenciennes, who originally described this species as Cheilodactylus carponemus in 1830, but that name is a synonym of N. macropterus. Genetic and morphological analyses strongly support the placement of Nemadactylus in the family Latridae, alongside almost all of the other species formerly classified in the Cheilodactylidae.
Description
Nemadactylus valenciennesi is a large species of morwong which attains a maximum total length of . The overall colour is silvery blue with yellow tints on the flanks. There is a pattern of bright blue and yellow lines around the eyes. It has thick, fleshy lips and there is a very elongated pectoral fin ray. The juveniles are marked with a number of yellow horizontal lines on the body with a black blotch on the flank, these markings fade and in larger individuals they are vague. The maximum recorded weight for this species is .
Distribution and habitat
Nemadactylus valenciennesi Is endemic to the waters of southern Australia from Lancelin, Western Australia to Wooli, New South Wales, including northern Tasmania. It is found on offshore rocky reefs at depths between .
| 2.15625
| 0
|
68422571
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock%20Subpluvial
|
Lubbock Subpluvial
|
Lubbock Subpluvial is a discredited paleoclimate theory about a wet period in early Holocene Texas and New Mexico. During this period, part of the Llano Estacado was supposedly covered with pine and spruce forest but later research has found that vegetation there scarcely changed from grasslands through the Quaternary.
Supposed manifestations
The Lubbock Subpluvial was localized to the Llano Estacado region of New Mexico and Texas. According to the hypothesis, between 8,600 and 8,300 BCE, the climate was moister, the region was covered with pine and spruce forests and temperatures were colder than today. Archeologically, this period coincides with the Folsom period.
This moist period was in turn defined as a subcomponent of a longer-lasting climate anomaly, the "San Jon Pluvial". This wet climate episode in the Southern High Plains was in turn correlated to advances of the Rocky Mountain and Laurentide Ice Sheet glaciers, with individual advances connected to specific subcomponents of the "San Jon Pluvial" including the Lubbock Subpluvial. Alternatively, it was correlated with the Younger Dryas cold period.
Research history and refutation
| 2.84375
| 0
|
68422575
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution%20%28Wilson%20novel%29
|
Resolution (Wilson novel)
|
The novel interleaves the second voyage of James Cook with the rest of George Forster's life. The first scene is set in 1772 on board of on the way to Cape Town. It contains a review of George Forster's early life, accompanying his father to Russia and then to England, and the preparations for Cook's journey including the withdrawal of Joseph Banks that allowed them to participate in his stead. It also introduces the character of Nally, a sailor who is hired as servant by the Forsters and who has a crush on George. The next scene, set in 1784, shows the beginning of George's difficult marriage to Therese Heyne with flashbacks to her early life. After a description of the events of Cook's journey towards the Antarctic in 1772/73, the book goes through Forster's life from 1785 to 1788: life in Vilnius with his wife and daughter Rose, the hope to go on the Mulovsky expedition, and after its cancellation the offer to become university librarian in Mainz. The following description of Cook's journey in 1773 includes stays in New Zealand, where the sailors have sexual relations with Maori women while George masturbates, and Tahiti, where he has a short sexual encounter with a local girl. In 1789 in Mainz, George meets Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt and journeys down the Rhine with the latter in 1790. They travel to England, where they visit James Cook's widow Elizabeth Batts Cook. On his return to Mainz, Therese is pregnant with Huber's child.
| 2.03125
| 0
|
68422720
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation%20of%20the%20Metropolis%20of%20Kyiv%20by%20the%20Moscow%20Patriarchate
|
Annexation of the Metropolis of Kyiv by the Moscow Patriarchate
|
Despite the guarantees given by the government of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1686, Greek Catholic propaganda was not stopped. As a result, by the beginning of the 18th century, the Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl dioceses finally became Catholic. So, twenty-five years after joining the Moscow Patriarchate, Metropolitan of Kyiv from the head of a large autonomous church district became the ruling bishop of the Kyiv eparchy alone.
His two successors, Barlaam Yasinskyi (1690—1707) and Joasaph Krokovskyi (1708—1718), were elected to the Councils in Kyiv and were only ordained in Moscow. However, after Peter I carried out the Synodal reform, the right to elect metropolitans by free votes of the Kyiv clergy was lost.
Loss of metropolitan status
In 1722 the Kyiv archpastor was "elected" according to a new scheme. The Synod proposed to the emperor four candidates, from which Peter the Great chose Barlaam (Voniatovych), who held the throne of Kyiv until 1730. It is noteworthy that Bishop Barlaam no longer received the rank of metropolitan, but only the archbishop. Since then, the Kyiv metropolis has in fact become one of the ordinary dioceses of the Russian Church.
Gradually, the peculiarities of Ukrainian church singing, Ukrainian pronunciation of liturgical texts, and Ukrainian printing of church books were largely leveled. Therefore, the fears expressed by the Ukrainian clergy in 1685 turned out to be quite justified.
| 2.390625
| 0
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68423090
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensioner%20Guard%20Cottage
|
Pensioner Guard Cottage
|
In 1893, William sold lot 114 to Edmund Ralph Brockman for £160. Amelia received ten shillings as executor of the estate. Brockman then sold the property to his daughter Frances Jane Brown and her husband Aubrey Brown. Either Brockman or the Browns built a separate, five room bungalow-style house next to the cottage in 1893, the two building linked by a verandah. Aubrey Brown died in 1909, and Frances Brown sold the lot in 1915. Between 1915 and 1945, the lot changed hands several times. By the 1930s, only the cottages on lots 114 and 115 were left, and by 1947, only the cottage on lot 114 was left.
During the housing shortage post-World War II, the building was made into a boarding house. The 1893 house was significantly expanded in the early 1950s, after the 1952 removal of post-war building material restrictions. At some stage, likely at the same time, the roof of the building was rebuilt. The lot continued to change hands several times during the 1960s to the 1980s.
In the 1970s, the lot that the cottage was situated on was subdivided. It was further subdivided in 1988, and the Town of Bassendean bought the land with the cottage and 1893 residence. The intention was to restore and renovate the buildings to use as a museum. The restoration works were funded by the Town of Bassendean and the National Estate Grants Program of 1989–1990. They occurred between 1991 and 1993, during which, the verandah connecting the two buildings was removed, and various parts of the cottage were reverted back to their original state, such as the floor level, which had been raised at some point. The restored cottage was opened in 1993 by John Cox, the mayor of Bassendean, and John Addison, president of the Bassendean Historical Society (BHS). An agreement was agreed to between the BHS and the Town of Bassendean that saw the BHS maintain the cottage and adjacent house as a museum. Since then, the cottage has been opened to visitors regularly, generally on the last Sunday of each month.
| 1.992188
| 0
|
68423302
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleomenes%2C%20the%20Spartan%20Hero
|
Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero
|
Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero or Cleomenes, The Spartan Heroe: A Tragedy is a 1692 tragedy by the English writer John Dryden. It was first staged at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane by the United Company. It portrays the reign of Cleomenes, the King of Sparta, inspired by Plutarch's history of the period. Dryden's version is strongly Jacobite in drawing parallels from his overthrow to the recent Glorious Revolution in England. Because of this it was temporarily banned by the authority of Queen Mary.
The original Drury Lane cast included Thomas Betterton as Cleomenes, Anthony Leigh as Cleonidas, John Verbruggen as Ptolomy, Samuel Sandford as Sosybius, William Mountfort as Cleanthes, Edward Kynaston as Pantheus, John Hodgson as Coenus, Mary Betterton as Cratisiclea, Anne Bracegirdle as Cleora and Elizabeth Barry as Cassandra.
It was published by Jacob Tonson who had by this time secured exclusive rights to Dryden's work past and present. The published version was dedicated to the Tory politician, the Earl of Rochester.
| 2.4375
| 0
|
68423661
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555%20Kashmir%20earthquake
|
1555 Kashmir earthquake
|
The Medlicott-Wadia Thrust is expressed on the surface as two branching fault structures; the Scorpion and Rain faults. Paleoseismic studies have identified three large earthquakes on the Rain Fault, and two on the Scorpion Fault in the past 3,500 years. An account in Persian describing a destructive earthquake in 1250 BC corresponded to the oldest event which was dated at 1661 BC and 929 BC. The 1250 BC earthquake produced several meters of slip at the surface. Another earthquake occurred between 1118 BC and 929 BC with less than 1 meter of maximum slip. The Rain Fault may have ruptured in one or two earthquakes sometime between 1110 BC and 660 AD, and is possible that the two faults were involved in an earthquake in approximately 1000 BC. Persian and Sanskrit records also corresponded well with two earthquakes on the Rain Fault dated between 660 AD and 1470 AD.
The most recent paleoearthquake rupture is dated at 1470 AD or later. Large colluvial wedges associated with the rupture suggest the event caused high intensity shaking at the surface. The date of the rupture might suggest it was associated with the 1555 AD earthquake.
An earlier trenching survey conducted at the Chandigarh Fault near the Main Frontal Thrust also found a surface rupture that likely formed in 1426 to 1700 AD. This surface rupture could correspond to the 1555 AD earthquake which is had an estimated rupture length of 150 km.
| 2.34375
| 0
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68423661
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555%20Kashmir%20earthquake
|
1555 Kashmir earthquake
|
Many towns and villages were completely destroyed in Kashmir. In the communities of Jalu and Damper, the force of the earthquake sheared off the foundations of homes and roots of trees, and displaced them onto the opposite bank of the Jhelum River. The town of Madar, located at the base of a hill, was buried by a landslide, causing the deaths of 600 to 60,000 people. The two villages Hassanpur and Hussainpur, located on the opposite side of the Veshaw River, was suddenly shifted to the other side during the earthquake. The earthquake formed large cracks in the ground, stopped water from flowing from existing natural springs, while in other locations, water erupted from the ground. Damage was reported up to 50 km southwest and 140 km southeast of Srinagar.
The Laxmi Narayana Temple in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India, also suffered some damage to its pillars.
Months prior to the mainshock, there was a series of foreshocks. An aftershock sequence that lasted several days was also documented in the scripts. On some days, multiple aftershocks could be felt. This categorizes the 1555 Kashmir earthquake sequence as a classic foreshock-mainshock-aftershock earthquake sequence.
The famous historical documentation of towns shifted across riverbanks during the 1555 event was likely a gradual process rather than sudden. Tilted tree stumps at the bank of the Jhelum River at the locations described suggest slumping due to ground failure along the riverbank.
Restoration and repair works continued for two months after the earthquake.
| 2.421875
| 0
|
68423823
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa%20de%20S%C3%A3o%20Bernardo
|
Casa de São Bernardo
|
Casa de São Bernardo is a building in Cascais in the Lisbon District of Portugal that was owned by Bernardo Pinheiro Correia de Melo, First Count of Arnoso, who was private secretary to King Carlos. It is considered to be an example of the summer architecture found in Cascais and neighbouring Estoril from the 1870s onwards. The building was designed in 1890 but not completed until 1902.
The Casa de São Bernardo was called the "Minho house" as its design is reminiscent of the buildings found in Minho Province in the north of Portugal, where Correia de Melo was born, and was the first of the summer architecture buildings to be built in what was regarded as "Portuguese style". It was sometimes used for dinners of the Vencidos da Vida (Life's Vanquished), a group of intellectuals that included the novelists José Maria de Eça de Queirós and Ramalho Ortigão, as well as Correia de Melo. Eça de Queirós would often stay at the house. Although not considered a member, King Carlos would sometimes join them for dinner. The King, who was an enthusiastic watercolour artist, would occasionally paint at the house.
Casa de São Bernardo is now owned by the Cascais Marina.
| 2.125
| 0
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68424235
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Munster%20abuse%20case
|
2021 Munster abuse case
|
Eighteen months after the children were taken into care, a pediatrician examined all five. She noted some injuries consistent with accidental injury, along with scarring from burn wounds and other unexplained scarring.
A general practitioner gave evidence at trial saying that the youngest of the children, who was 18 months old at the time of examination, was in the 0.4th percentile of weight for a child of his age.
Foster homes
Further evidence of the past mistreatment of the children emerged when they entered foster care. The children were separated when they entered the foster system, with the eldest boy going to one home, the girl and second oldest boy going to another, and the two youngest boys going to a third home. All of the children were placed in the care of experienced foster parents, several of whom later told the jury that they had never before seen neglect of the magnitude present in this case. Upon arriving at their foster homes, the children had faeces caked to their bodies. According to the foster parents, the older children were unable to use cutlery, a toothbrush, or toilet roll, and did not know how to shower or bathe. The eldest boy and the second youngest boy were described as having almost no teeth. All had dirty skin, hair, and nails, and those who were not missing teeth had dental issues. Upon entering foster care, the children arrived with just the clothes on their back. For the three eldest children, this amounted to dirty school uniforms.
The eldest boy was reportedly fascinated by the amount of food in his foster parents' house. His foster mother took him to a shopping centre to purchase new clothes, where they ran into two of his younger siblings. The boy expressed that he hoped his younger siblings would also have clothes bought for them.
| 1.984375
| 0
|
68424235
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Munster%20abuse%20case
|
2021 Munster abuse case
|
The foster parents of the girl and second eldest boy gave details about the amount of support the children needed after entering foster care: they were brought to a speech and language therapist, a physiotherapist, an occupational therapist, a dietitian, an eye specialist, a dentist and orthodontist, a psychotherapist, a play therapist, and a specialist that helps children learn how to build attachments with others. A burns specialist plastic surgeon was also required, to treat burns sustained in 2011—the children entered foster care in 2016. The foster parents stated that it seemed as though the kids had never been toilet trained, and that they had massive issues with food—seemingly, the children could not identify when they were hungry, or control the amount that they ate. The pair would hide food around the house, and would even steal food from the lunchboxes of other children at their school. The parents theorized that hunger was so prevalent in their lives that they were unable to properly recognise their hunger need. For the first few weeks of their time in foster care, the children often tried to hide in various locations, such as under the stairs, beneath tables, and in the hot press. The children were not accustomed to wearing clean clothes every day. The children were afraid of falling asleep, and as result, every light in the house was kept on during the night. The children were also deeply uncomfortable with physical contact or proximity to other people for their first two years in foster care. Their foster parents were quoted as saying "We don't think they knew what their needs were and they certainly didn't know what feelings were."
| 2.53125
| 0
|
68424763
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20%27The%20Squire%27
|
Rosa 'The Squire'
|
Rosa 'The Squire' (aka AUSquire) is a crimson shrub rose, bred by British rose breeder, David C. H. Austin in 1976. It was widely praised as the best crimson rose of Austin's English Roses collection, when it was first introduced.
Description
'The Squire' is an upright, open shrub rose, in height, with a spread. Medium-sized, double (120) petals are mildly cupped and rosette-shaped. The flowers are borne singly or in clusters of 1–5. Short, fat buds open to flowers that are bright crimson with darker red-black hues. The flowers fade to a dark pink colour and very quickly in very hot weather. 'The Squire' has a strong, old rose fragrance. It also has dull, dark green foliage and many prickles. This rose is a better repeat bloomer than Austin's other early roses and is prone to mildew.
History
David Austin roses
David C. H. Austin (1926 – 2018) was an award-winning rose breeder, nursery owner and writer from Shropshire, England. He began breeding roses in the 1950s with the goal of creating new shrub rose varieties that would possess the best qualities of old-fashioned roses while incorporating the long flowering characteristics of hybrid tea roses and floribundas. His first commercially successful rose cultivar was 'Constance Spry', which he introduced in 1961. He created a new, informal class of roses in the 1960s, which he named "English Roses". Austin's roses are generally known today as "David Austin Roses". Austin attained international commercial success with his new rose varieties. Some of his most popular roses include 'Wife of Bath' (1969), 'Graham Thomas' (1983), and 'Abraham Darby' (1985)
| 1.960938
| 0
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68424957
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Cotton
|
Carl Cotton
|
He helped to create an adaptive coloring exhibit on birds, but Cotton also branched out into other organisms, working on mammals, reptiles, and eventually insects and the salmon display. In 1966, the museum opened its new official exhibitions department and made Cotton the first staff member, giving him the responsibility for preparing exhibits that represented the other departments individually and in collages. Some of the techniques he developed for taxidermy include how to replicate animals that have no hair on their skin, particularly reptiles, with one example being making a snapping turtle out of the bioplastic cellulose acetate. His skills also included an adept hand at mimicking plants out of other materials. His most famous full work was the Marsh Birds of the Upper Nile exhibit featuring several bird species from Uganda including the shoebill stork and a variety of marshy plants which were constructed out of wax along with the muddy terrain. This exhibition has remained on permanent display ever since it was first opened.
Personal life
It was common for Cotton to practice taxidermy at home even throughout his museum career, working on outside commissions and other projects. While initially living in Gary, Indiana, during the 1950's and 60's with his family, he did move back into the city of Chicago proper in the years just before his death. An expansion of their garage in Gary was used as his personal home lab, with it being usual for large animals to be preserved there while being worked on. Cotton died of cancer in 1971.
| 2.828125
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68424973
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith%20Minkler
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Meredith Minkler
|
Meredith Minkler (born September 23, 1946) is an American public health researcher who is emeritus Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. She is known for her work on community-based participatory research and its use in public policy, criminal justice reform and democratizing access to food.
Early life and education
Minkler was born in San Francisco. Her mother worked in medical records and her father was in education. She was an undergraduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, where she majored in social sciences. She remained at the University of California, Berkeley for doctoral studies, where she investigated American and Indian perspectives on the role of United States' family planning advisors working in India.
Research and career
Whilst Professor of Health and Social Behavior, Minkler oversaw the graduate program in public health, and founded the university's Center on Ageing. She worked on the development of community-based participatory research programs, particularly to study and address health equity and social justice. Minkler works with low-income young and old people, women of color and people who were formerly incarcerated.
Minkler was selected by the University of California, Berkeley as one of their most pioneering public health researchers. She was selected by the School of Public Health as one of their Women Changemakers.
Selected publications
Books
| 2.40625
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68424998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus%20spike%20protein
|
Coronavirus spike protein
|
The gene encoding the spike protein is located toward the 3' end of the virus's positive-sense RNA genome, along with the genes for the other three structural proteins and various virus-specific accessory proteins. Protein trafficking of spike proteins appears to depend on the coronavirus subgroup: when expressed in isolation without other viral proteins, spike proteins from betacoronaviruses are able to reach the cell surface, while those from alphacoronaviruses and gammacoronaviruses are retained intracellularly. In the presence of the M protein, spike protein trafficking is altered and instead is retained at the ERGIC, the site at which viral assembly occurs. In SARS-CoV-2, both the M and the E protein modulate spike protein trafficking through different mechanisms.
The spike protein is not required for viral assembly or the formation of virus-like particles; however, presence of spike may influence the size of the envelope. Incorporation of the spike protein into virions during assembly and budding is dependent on protein-protein interactions with the M protein through the C-terminal tail. Examination of virions using cryo-electron microscopy suggests that there are approximately 25 to 100 spike trimers per virion.
Function
The spike protein is responsible for viral entry into the host cell, a required early step in viral replication. It is essential for replication. It performs this function in two steps, first binding to a receptor on the surface of the host cell through interactions with the S1 region, and then fusing the viral and cellular membranes through the action of the S2 region. The location of fusion varies depending on the specific coronavirus, with some able to enter at the plasma membrane and others entering from endosomes after endocytosis.
| 2.21875
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68424998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus%20spike%20protein
|
Coronavirus spike protein
|
Like other class I fusion proteins, the spike protein in its pre-fusion conformation is in a metastable state. A dramatic conformational change is triggered to induce the heptad repeats in the S2 region to refold into an extended six-helix bundle, causing the fusion peptide to interact with the cell membrane and bringing the viral and cell membranes into close proximity. Receptor binding and proteolytic cleavage (sometimes known as "priming") are required, but additional triggers for this conformational change vary depending on the coronavirus and local environment. In vitro studies of SARS-CoV suggest a dependence on calcium concentration. Unusually for coronaviruses, infectious bronchitis virus, which infects birds, can be triggered by low pH alone; for other coronaviruses, low pH is not itself a trigger but may be required for activity of proteases, which in turn are required for fusion. The location of membrane fusion—at the plasma membrane or in endosomes—may vary based on the availability of these triggers for conformational change. Fusion of the viral and cell membranes permits the entry of the virus' positive-sense RNA genome into the host cell cytosol, after which expression of viral proteins begins.
In addition to fusion of viral and host cell membranes, some coronavirus spike proteins can initiate membrane fusion between infected cells and neighboring cells, forming syncytia. This behavior can be observed in infected cells in cell culture. Syncytia have been observed in patient tissue samples from infections with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, though some reports highlight a difference in syncytia formation between the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spikes attributed to sequence differences near the S1/S2 cleavage site.
| 1.90625
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68424998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus%20spike%20protein
|
Coronavirus spike protein
|
Spike protein mutations raise concern because they may affect infectivity or transmissibility, or facilitate immune escape. The mutation D614G has arisen independently in multiple viral lineages and become dominant among sequenced genomes; it may have advantages in infectivity and transmissibility possibly due to increasing the density of spikes on the viral surface, increasing the proportion of binding-competent conformations or improving stability, but it does not affect vaccines. The mutation N501Y is common to the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and has contributed to enhanced infection and transmission, reduced vaccine efficacy, and the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect new rodent species. N501Y increases the affinity of spike for human ACE2 by around 10-fold, which could underlie some of fitness advantages conferred by this mutation even though the relationship between affinity and infectivity is complex. The mutation P681R alters the furin cleavage site, and has been responsible for increased infectivity, transmission and global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Mutations at position E484, particularly E484K, have been associated with immune escape and reduced antibody binding.
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is notable for having an unusually high number of mutations in the spike protein. The SARS CoV-2 spike gene (S gene, S-gene) mutation 69–70del (Δ69-70) causes a TaqPath PCR test probe to not bind to its S gene target, leading to S gene target failure (SGTF) in SARS CoV-2 positive samples. This effect was used as a marker to monitor the propagation of the Alpha variant and the Omicron variant.
| 1.984375
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68425013
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students%20of%20Azerbaijan%20Democratic%20Republic%20abroad
|
Students of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic abroad
|
Many of the graduates of Western universities who returned to Azerbaijan were arrested in the 1930s by the NKVD as German spies and supporters of the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence. According to the analysis of archival materials about the repressed, in the 1930s, citizens of the republic were suspected of dissent and espionage to some degree if they were connected with Germany or knew at least one person of German nationality in Azerbaijan. In all investigative cases, the direction to study in Germany during the ADR years in the records of the NKVD sounded like a crime: "Was sent by the Musavat government to study in Germany"
In 1937, Yusuf Agasibeyli was arrested as a member of the Anti-Soviet Insurrectionary Movement. Ashraf Aliyev, arrested in 1936 by the NKVD, was accused of espionage for Germany and anti-Soviet statements. In 1937, he was involved in the second case as an active member of the rebel organization, whose goal was to overthrow Soviet power in Azerbaijan and separate it from the USSR. On 18 October 1937, Teymur Aslanov was arrested, accused of participation in a nationalist rebel organization and espionage activities in favor of German intelligence, and was sent to a camp in Siberia. Samandar Akhundov was arrested by the GPU in 1933. Bahram Huseynzade, whose wife was a German citizen and was forced to return to Germany in 1938, was sentenced in 1941 by the Supreme Court of the USSR to 15 years in prison as a member of a nationalist rebel organization and a spy for German intelligence. In 1956, the sentence was overturned for lack of corpus delicti.
| 1.945313
| 0
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68425125
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika%20Diettes
|
Erika Diettes
|
Erika Diettes (born 1978) is a Colombian visual artist.
Born in Cali, Colombia she currently lives and works in Bogota, Colombia. At the age of 15, Erika and her family moved to Washington DC where her father worked as a police attaché at the Colombian Embassy. Once settled into her new school, she began to study art, ceramics, theatre and photography. Her parents were supportive of Erika's artistic goals and her mother gifted Erika her first camera, which she used in creating her first book Silencios. She attended the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá where she received a degree in social communications, the Universidad de los Andes Bogota where she received her MA in Anthropology.
Diettes is best known for her series of portraits titled Sudarios, this photography project is made up photographs of women who were forced to witness the torture of their loved ones during the Colombian conflict. Her work is included in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts Houston, the Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Museums of Modern Art of Bogotá, Cali, Medellín and Barranquilla, the National Museum of Colombia, the Museum of Contemporary Arts in Santiago de Chile, Centro Cultural recoleta in Buenos Aires.
In 2017, Diettes was awarded the Tim Heatherington Fellowship.
Written works
Silencios (2005)
Rio Abajo (2008)
Noticia al aire...Memoria en vivo (2010)
Sudarios (2012)
| 2.078125
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68425404
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Karapetyan
|
Maria Karapetyan
|
Maria Karapetyan (born 20 February 1988) is an Armenian politician and a member of the National Assembly of Armenia for the Civil Contract. She has worked as a teacher at the Quality Schools International in Yerevan and was elected to parliament in 2018. She is a feminist and known for her support of the Armenian LGBT community.
Early life and education
Maria Karapetyan was born on 20 February 1988 in Vanadzor, Soviet Armenia. She studied Intercultural Communication at the Yerevan Brusov State University from where she earned a bachelor's degree in 2008 and a master's degree in 2010. She then moved to Rome, Italy, where she studied International Cooperation, Human Rights and Policy of the European Union at the University of Rome between 2013 and 2015. At the same time, she was also accepted as a student of the Cittadella della Pace in Rondine, Arrezzo.
Professional career
After she obtained her BA, she worked as a teacher at the Quality Schools International in Yerevan from 2008 until 2013. Between 2011 and 2018 she took part in the editorial board for the Journal of Conflict Transformation's Caucasus Edition.
Political career
Karapetyan's political activism began with her opposition to Serge Sargsyan. At night, together with a group of political activists she sprayed the slogan Reject Serzh on prominent streets in Yerevan in support of the Armenian Revolution of 2018. She became known for her so-called Sisters speech in which she advocated for equal rights for women and men on the Republic Square in Yerevan. In the parliamentary election of December 2018, she was elected as a candidate of the Civil Contract within the My Step Alliance.
| 2.078125
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68425508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitra%20%28art%29
|
Chitra (art)
|
Chitra or citra is an Indian genre of art that includes painting, sketch and any art form of delineation. The earliest mention of the term Chitra in the context of painting or picture is found in some of the ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism and Pali texts of Buddhism.
Nomenclature
Chitra (IAST: Citra, चित्र) is a Sanskrit word that appears in the Vedic texts such as hymns 1.71.1 and 6.65.2 of the Rigveda. There, and other texts such as Vajasaneyi Samhita, Taittiriya Samhita, Satapatha Brahmana and Tandya Brahmana, Chitra means "excellent, clear, bright, colored, anything brightly colored that strikes the eye, brilliantly ornamented, extraordinary that evokes wonder". In the Mahabharata and the Harivamsa, it means "picture, sketch, dilineation", and is presented as a genre of kala (arts). Many texts generally dated to the post-4th-century BCE period, use the term Chitra in the sense of painting, and Chitrakara as a painter. For example, the Sanskrit grammarian Panini in verse 3.2.21 of his Astadhyayi highlights the word chitrakara in this sense. Halls and public spaces to display paintings are called chitrasalas, and the earliest known mention of these are found in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
| 2.890625
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68425508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitra%20%28art%29
|
Chitra (art)
|
A good painting is one that is alive, breathing, draws in and affects the viewer. It captivates the minds of viewers, despite their diversity. Installed in a sala (hall or room), it enlivens the space.
The ornaments of a painting are its lines, shading, decoration and colors, states the 6th-century Visnudharmottara Purana. It states that there are eight gunas (merits, features) of a chitra that the artist must focus on: (1) posture; (2) proportion; (3) the use of the plumb line; (4) charm; (5) detail (how much and where); (6) verisimilitude; (7) kshaya (loss, foreshortening) and; (8) vrddhi (gain). Among the dosas (demerits, faults) of a painting and related arts, states Chitrasutra, are lines that are weak or thick, absence of variety, errors in scale (oversized eyes, lips, cheeks), inconsistency across the canvas, deviations from the rules of proportion, improper posture or sentiment, and non-merging of colors.
Limbs of a painting
Two historical sets called "chitra anga", or "limbs of painting" are found in Indian texts. According to the Samarangana Sutradhara – an 11th-century Sanskrit text on Hindu architecture and arts, a painting has eight limbs:
Vartika – manufacture of brushes
Bhumibandhana – preparation of base, plaster, canvas
Rekhakarma – sketching
Varnakarma – coloring
Vartanakarma – shading
lekhakarana – outlining
Dvikakarma – second and final lining
Lepyakarma – final coating
| 2.75
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68425508
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitra%20%28art%29
|
Chitra (art)
|
The six limbs in Jayamangala likely reflect the earliest and more established Hindu tradition for chitra. This is supported by the Chitrasutras found in the Vishnudharmottara Purana. They explicitly mention pramanani and lavanya as key elements of a painting, as well as discuss the other four of the six limbs in other sutras. The Chitrasutra chapters are likely from about the 4th or 5th-century. Numerous other Indian texts touch upon the elements or aspects of a chitra. For example, the Aparajitaprccha states that the essential elements of a painting are: citrabhumi (background), the rekha (lines, sketch), the varna (color), the vartana (shading), the bhusana (decoration) and the rasa (aesthetic experience).
The painter
The painter (chitrakara, rupakara) must master the fundamentals of measurement and proportions, state the historic chitra texts of India. According to these historic texts, the expert painter masters the skills in measurement, characteristics of subjects, attributes, form, relative proportion, ornament and beauty, states Isabella Nardi – a scholar known for her studies on chitra text and traditions of India. According to the Chitrasutras, a skilled painter needs practice, and is one who is able to paint neck, hands, feet, ears of living beings without ornamentation, as well as paint water waves, flames, smoke, and garments as they get affected by the speed of wind. He paints all types of scenes, ranging from dharma, artha and kama. A painter observes, then remembers, repeating this process till his memory has all the details he needs to paint, states Silparatna. According to Sivatattva Ratnakara, he is well versed in sketching, astute with measurements, skilled in outlining (hastalekha), competent with colors, and ready to diligently mix and combine colors to create his chitra. The painter is a creative person, with an inner sense of rasa (aesthetics).
| 2.609375
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68425611
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%20Hirsh-Dickinson
|
Sally Hirsh-Dickinson
|
Sally Hirsh-Dickinson (born January 7, 1971) is an American academic who is a producer and host for New Hampshire Public Radio, a New Hampshire politician, and an English professor at Rivier University, where she teaches courses on American literature, gender studies and public speaking. Previously, she was a professor at Colby-Sawyer College. She is an expert on Grace Metalious. Hirsh-Dickinson is the first person to write a full-length study, Dirty Whites and Dark Secrets: Sex and Race in Peyton Place, on Metalious's magnum opus, Peyton Place.
Early life and education
Sally Hirsh-Dickinson was born on January 7, 1971, in Maryland. She graduated from Centennial High School in Howard County, Maryland. Hirsh-Dickinson received her B.A from University of Massachusetts Amherst and her M.A and Ph.D. in English from the University of New Hampshire.
Academic career
During Hirsh-Dickinson's time as a graduate student at the University of New Hampshire she was a teaching assistant. Afterwards, she taught at various schools, including as an adjunct professor at Colby–Sawyer College.
While Hirsh-Dickinson was working on her dissertation about Peyton Place, Dirty Whites and Dark Secrets Sex and Race in Peyton Place, she received criticism because Grace Metalious is not considered to be part of the literary fiction genre. However, despite initial opposition in academia during the research process, her book was later acclaimed in The Chronicle of Higher Education in 2011. Her work on Peyton Place opened eyes in academia about the interlink of sex and racism in the novel and how the portrayal of racism in rural New England is not far from reality.
She has served as a trustee for the New Hampshire Writer's Project.
Radio career
Hirsh-Dickinson joined New Hampshire Public Radio in 1999 as an intern. Starting in 2003 she was a producer and host for The Exchange, New Hampshire Public Radio's call-in radio show that ran until 2021, and is the station's Friday night announcer.
| 2.078125
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71288124
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20B.%20Judson
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Edward B. Judson
|
Edward Barker Judson (January 11, 1813 – January 15, 1902) was an American politician and banker who served as president of the First National Bank of Syracuse.
Early life
Judson was born on January 11, 1813, at Coxsackie in Greene County, New York.
Career
At the age of twenty-one, Judson went into the lumber business in Constantia, New York. In 1849, he became a resident of Syracuse, New York, and was made vice president of the Merchants' Bank. In 1855, he organized the Lake Ontario Bank of Oswego. He was "summoned to Washington" by Secretary Salmon P. Chase for consultation and, later, organized the First National Bank of Syracuse, becoming its first president. He also served as chairman of the executive committee of the National Banking Association from 1864 to 1875.
He also served as a director of the New York Central Railroad and of the American Express Company. He was a trustee of Wells College and of the May Memorial Church where he was a member.
Political career
Judson served in the New York State Assembly in 1839 and again in 1841, as a Whig, in the 62nd and 64th New York State Legislatures alongside William Duer.
Personal life
In 1845, Judson was married to Sarah Billings Williams (1823–1903), a daughter of Coddington Billings Williams and Sarah ( Smith) Williams. Together, they were the parents of:
Russell Judson, who died in infancy.
Henry Heermance Judson, who died in infancy.
Edward Barker Judson Jr. (1854–1910), who Harriet Elmendorf (1855–1919), a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Joachim Elmendorf, in 1886.
Judson died on January 15, 1902, at 612 James Street, his residence in Syracuse and was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Syracuse. His wife died the following year on September 23, 1903.
| 2.234375
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71288292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halospora
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Halospora
|
Halospora is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Verrucariaceae. Species in the genus parasitise calcicolous crustose lichens, i.e., those that prefer lime-rich substrates.
Taxonomy
The grouping was first proposed in 1914 by German lichenologist Georg Hermann Zschacke as a subgenus of Polyblastia. Ruggero Tomaselli and Raffaele Ciferri promoted it to generic status in 1952, with Halospora deminuta as the type species. In 2002, Roux and colleagues proposed to place Halospora deminuta in the genus Merismatium.
In 2011, Josef Hafellner resurrected the genus Halospora for use with former Merismatium and Polyblastia species with thick-walled ascospores and a distinct (a colorless, often gelatinous layer enveloping a spore) somewhat resembling a "halo". The genus name refers to this characteristic feature. Hafellner retained species with thin-walled, non-halonate ascospores in Merismatium.
Description
Halospora fungi are immersed in the thallus of their host and are not externally visible. For this reason they are often unnoticed, even when the host lichen is examined or collected by experts. The fungi produce immersed to partially immersed, black perithecioid ascomata that are 150–300 μm wide. Their asci contains eight spores, are more or less cylindrical to slightly club-shaped (clavate), and measure 50–95 by 15–35 μm. Ascospores start out somewhat brown and darken in maturity; they are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with 1 to 7 transverse septa and 0 to 2 longitudinal septa that divide the spore into internal cells, typically numbering between 4 and 12. The spores, which have dimensions of 11–35 by 7–17 μm, have thick walls, and a distinct perispore that resembles a halo when viewed microscropically.
Species
Halospora deminuta – hosts: Thelidium, Polyblastia, other endolithic lichens
Halospora discrepans – hosts: primarily Protoblastenia; also Aspicilia, Hymenelia, Verrucaria
Halospora scammoeca – hosts: Polyblastia, Thelidium, Verrucaria
| 2.625
| 0
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71288636
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimelea%20aquilonia
|
Pimelea aquilonia
|
Pimelea aquilonia is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae and is endemic to far north Queensland. It is a shrub with narrowly elliptic leaves and small clusters of hairy, white or cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers.
Description
Pimelea aquilonia is a perennial shrub that typically grows to a height of and has shiny, densely hairy young stems. The leaves are narrowly elliptic, long and wide, on a short petiole. The flowers are borne in small clusters on the ends of branches, and are white or cream-coloured, densely covered with short, shiny hairs. The floral tube is long, the sepals long and glabrous on the inside. Flowering occurs from May to July.
Taxonomy
Pimelea aquilonia was first formally described in 2017 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the Flora of Australia from specimens collected by Leonard John Brass on Cape York Peninsula in 1948.
Distribution and habitat
This pimelea mainly grows in windswept, near-coastal shrubland, from the tip of Cape York Peninsula to further south, and possibly as far south as Mount Pieter Botte.
| 2.359375
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71288693
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattray%20Marsh%20Conservation%20Area
|
Rattray Marsh Conservation Area
|
Settlement
The area was inhabited by the Mississauga people of the Wendake-Niowentsïo territory before the settlers arrived. A treaty was signed between the Mississauga people and new settlers in 1805 for land from Etobicoke creek to Burlington Bay and other areas reaching up to the north of Dundas street. In 1806, the land settlements started on various lots on the land. In 1851, the land including the marsh was sold to Thomas Slade. After his death, the property was in the hands of the National Trust for sale. In 1861, Harris H. Fudger purchased some of the land upon which he built his mansion overlooking the marsh and the property was named Barrymede Farm. The farm produced strawberries, raspberries, apples, pears, cherries, asparagus, and other vegetables. After the death of Fudger, the National Trust sold the property to James Rattray in 1945. Rattray permitted local residents to swim on his beach, walk along the edge of the lake, and also invited his bird-watcher friends to pursue their hobby. When Rattray died in 1969, a long struggle for the preservation of the Marsh began. Frank Burton, the caretaker of Rattray estate, said that his late employer Rattray had wanted the estate to be preserved intact.
| 2.5
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71288802
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STARAD
|
STARAD
|
STARAD (STARfish RADiation) was a radiation-monitoring satellite used to track the artificial radiation belt created by the Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test.
Background
On 9 July 1962, decay of debris the Starfish Prime nuclear test utccreated an unexpected increase in high-energy particles in the Earth's magnetic field. Scientists were not sure how long the radiation and its effects would last. The Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory was asked to design and build STARAD to study the radiation.
Build and launch
The STARAD vehicle was designed and built in sixty days and was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 26 October 1962. It was equipped with nine radiation-measuring instruments.
Results
The STARAD data showed that the radiation from the Starfish test was decaying much slower than expected and that there was little decrease in radiation after the satellite's launch. It also detected radiation from two Soviet nuclear tests conducted after its launch. The satellite's spin allowed scientists to measure Pitch angle distributions.
The satellite's existence was kept secret for some time, as were the conclusions that the artificial radiation belt could last ten years or longer. The unfavorable conclusions worsened existing criticism of the Starfish test among the scientific community.
| 3.25
| 0
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71288999
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Rose%20%28Clerk%20of%20the%20Parliaments%29
|
William Rose (Clerk of the Parliaments)
|
Sir William Rose (19 July 1808 – 19 November 1885) was a British barrister and civil servant who served as Clerk of the Parliaments from 1875 to 1885, succeeding his father.
From a Tory background, he was well-connected in the political world.
Early life
Rose was born the son of Sir George Henry Rose and Frances Duncombe. He was from a strongly political family, descended from the Roses of Kilravock, directly from William Rose, 11th Baron of Kilravock, he was the grandson of George Rose and Thomas Duncombe, nephew of William Stewart Rose, younger brother of Field Marshal Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn and cousin of Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham and Thomas Slingsby Duncombe. He was educated at Eton College and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated from in 1830 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He was admitted to The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn on 23 November 1832 and was called to the bar in 1839.
Parliamentary career
In 1848 Rose was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Parliaments by his father, who was then Clerk of the Parliaments. George Henry Rose had been appointed Clerk of the Parliaments after serving as Deputy Clerk of the Parliaments, and was appointed by his own father, George Rose. While still Deputy Clerk, On 14 October 1865 William Rose was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. On 22 April 1875 Rose was appointed Clerk of the Parliaments. Rose served as Clerk until his death in 1885 at which point he was succeeded by Sir Henry Graham.
He was a beloved part of parliament, and many paid tribute to him, including the Marquess of Salisbury who said amongst other comments "His manner and kindness to all the Members of this House are well known." and paid tribute to his "zeal, ability, diligence, and integrity" and to his "service of this House during a period of 50 years." The Earl of Kimberley stated of him: "anyone more obliging, more attentive to his duties, or more anxious to assist everyone to obtain information, I think none of us have ever known."
| 2.046875
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71289218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20submarine%20Le%20Centaure
|
French submarine Le Centaure
|
Free French Naval Forces
Le Centaure was still in the 3rd Submarine Division at Dakar as of 1 November 1942. After Allied forces landed in French North Africa in Operation Torch on 8 November 1942 and a ceasefire between Allied and Vichy French forces in North Africa ensued on 11 November 1942, Le Centaure joined the Free French Naval Forces. Le Centaure, Argo, Archimède, Casabianca, and Le Glorieux were the best Free French submarines,
Le Centaure′s initial assignment in the Free French Naval Forces was to a Royal Navy sound school at Freetown in Sierra Leone, where she alternated with Argo in serving as a target for British warships engaged in antisubmarine warfare training. She then was among French submarines sent to the United States for overhaul and modernization. She proceeded to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where she arrived in May 1944. Work on her then began at the Philadelphia Navy Yard at League Island. The lack of a detailed plan of the Redoutable class and their parts hampered the shipyard′s work, and American engineers expressed frustration at the lack of standardization among the four Redoutable-class submarines at Philadelphia: For example, two had Schneider diesel engines and two had Sulzer diesels. However, they also noted that the Redoutable-class remained quite modern despite their 20-year-old design.
| 2.28125
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71289218
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20submarine%20Le%20Centaure
|
French submarine Le Centaure
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At Philadelphia, Le Centaure′s Schneider diesel engines underwent a full overhaul, her batteries were replaced, her hull was thickened and her diving planes reinforced to increase her test depth, and some of her ballast tanks were transformed into fuel tanks to increase her range. A significant effort went into improving her soundproofing, and radars, more efficient listening gear, a sonar, a new pitometer log, a new bathythermograph, air conditioning, and a refrigerator were installed aboard her. Her conning tower was modified, with the removal of the 13.2-millimetre machine gun and a significant part of the navigation shelter and its replacement by a new gun mount for an Oerlikon 20mm anti-aircraft gun.
The Philadelphia Navy Yard completed Le Centaure′s overhaul on 10 December 1944. She returned to Casablanca at the end of January 1945. According to one source, she was back in Bermuda in February 1945, but by March 1945 she was at Oran in French Algeria, where she spent the rest of World War II in training with Archiméde, Casabianca, Le Glorieux, and destroyers in preparation for a transfer to the Pacific Ocean to participate in the war with Japan. The surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945 brought the war to an end before she could deploy to the Pacific.
Post-World War II
Le Centaure and Casabianca made a cruise along the coast of Africa between April and December 1946. After a stay in Toulon, France, they returned to Brest on 31 January 1947 to undergo a major refit. Their refits were canceled in June 1947, and instead they were placed in special reserve on 1 December 1947. Le Centaure was decommissioned on 19 June 1952.
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71289271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walled%20town%20of%20Po%C4%8Ditelj
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Walled town of Počitelj
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The Gavrankapetanović House is built at the end of the 16th century, it was named after and housed the captains of Počitelj, who belonged to the Gavrankapetanović family. It is typical example of the residential architecture of the village. It is the only house in town to have separate rooms for men and women. The house became the residence of an artists' colony between 1961 and 1975, one of which was the Italian painter Vittorio Miele. This was the longest operating artist colony in Southeast Europe. During the Bosnian war, the house was set on fire. It was restored in its original state in 2003.
Šišman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque
The most representative building within the walls is Šišman Ibrahim Pasha Mosque () or Hajji Alija Mosque, built in 1563 by Hajji-Alija, son of Musa. It was repaired in the 17th century by Šišman Ibrahim Pasha. The locals gave the mosque afterwards pasha's name. The domed mosque is notable for its special acoustics. The mosque was restored in the 1970s, but badly damaged during the Bosnian War in 1993. It was restored again in 2002.
Sahat Kula
The Sahat Kula (), is located closer to the river and toward the southern walls of the town.
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71289271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walled%20town%20of%20Po%C4%8Ditelj
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Walled town of Počitelj
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The earliest mention of or recorded reference to Počitelj is in charters of king Alfonso V and Fridrich III from 1444 to 1448. However, the village most likely predates these documents. The exact date can't be pinpointed but it is likely that fortified town along with its complementary settlements was built by Bosnian king Tvrtko I sometime in 1383. Počitelj was considered the administrative center and center of governance of Župa Dubrava (county), while its westernmost point gave it major strategic importance. The fortress and its podgrađe during this time was under control of Kosača noble family, whose chiftain Stjepan Vukčić and his hair Vlatko Hercegović During the years following Ottoman conquest of Bosnian realm, between 1464 and 1471, the town was fortified by Vladislav Herzegović with a support of Dubrovnik, king Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and the Pope. From this point the walled town of Počitelj evolved in the period from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Architecturally, the stone-constructed parts of the town are a fortified complex, in which two stages of evolution are evident: medieval, and Ottoman.
In the period between 1463–1471 the town housed a Hungarian garrison and was fortified into a strategic defense stronghold. In 1471, following a brief siege, the town was conquered by the Ottomans. It lost its strategic significance. It remained within the Ottoman Empire until 1878. From 1782 to 1879 Počitelj was the seat of akadiluk (area under the jurisdiction of a qadi, or judge) and the centre of the Počitelj military district from 1713 to 1835.
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71289271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walled%20town%20of%20Po%C4%8Ditelj
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Walled town of Počitelj
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The town's layout and appearance, as well as its importance has altered during the course of its history. Three significant periods can be distinguished in the development of Počitelj:
The period of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus during which the town had a major strategic importance (1463–1471)
The period of the settlement development under the Ottoman Empire with the erection of public buildings: mosques, imaret, maktab, madrasa, hammam, han and the clock-tower (1471–1698).
The period after the Venetians conquered and destroyed Gabela (1698–1878), the main Ottoman fortification facing Dalmatia, and recovery of Počitelj's strategic importance.
After the establishment of Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878, Počitelj lost its strategic importance and started deteriorating rapidly. The population declined gradually. The loss of the town's strategic role assisted in the preservation of the original urban architectural ensemble, so that the town remained in its original form to present day.
The entire historic urban site of Počitelj and surrounding area suffered extensive collateral damage during the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Namely, it was heavily damaged by Croatian forces during the 1993 Bosnian War. Following the bombing, Počitelj's sixteenth-century master works of Islamic art and architecture were destroyed and a large part of the town's population was displaced.
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71289345
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman%20destroyer%20N%C3%BCmune-i%20Hamiyet
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Ottoman destroyer Nümune-i Hamiyet
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Shortly thereafter, Nümune-i Hamiyet began to experience problems with her turbines, and she was laid up for repairs. The work was done by April, allowing her to resume operations with the division. Early that month, reports of a Greek cruiser and four destroyers blockading the Gulf of İzmir prompted the Ottoman Navy to dispatch Mecidiye, Nümune-i Hamiyet, Gayret-i Vataniye, and Muavenet-i Milliye to investigate on 8 April. Gayret-i Vataniye was detached to scout the Gulf of Saros and she spotted three Greek destroyers in the distance, but the range was too great to engage them and she rejoined the rest of the flotilla instead. The Ottomans then returned to port. Three days later, Nümune-i Hamiyet sortied with the fleet to support a pair of Ottoman destroyers that had encountered four Greek destroyers off Tenedos. The opposing forces opened fire at long range, but neither side pressed their attack before the Ottomans turned back to the Dardanelles and the Greeks made for Imbros.
World War I
After the start of World War I in July 1914, the Ottoman Empire officially remained neutral, but the government signed a secret treaty with Germany to eventually enter the war against the Triple Entente. In mid-August, Nümune-i Hamiyet and Gayret-i Vataniye were sent to İzmit to join the flotilla stationed there, as the Ottomans set about strengthening the defenses of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in late October 1914, Nümune-i Hamiyet was assigned to I Destroyer Squadron with her three sisters. Nümune-i Hamiyet was in dry dock for repairs at that time, however.
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71289731
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris%20Ketelbey
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Doris Ketelbey
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In December 1942, Ketelbey petitioned the University Court for promotion to Lecturer ‘on account of her long service with the ‘approval and consent’ of Professor Williams, however, this request was denied. In 1945, after 11 years at the university, Ketelbey was finally promoted to Lecturer. In 1946, she was appointed as assistant advisor of studies and was appointed to the council of the Scottish History Association. In the same year, she contributed to a pamphlet on the teaching of history in Scottish junior secondary schools. In 1948, she became one of the Preliminary Examiners in History. She had also been appointed to the council of the Scottish History Association in 1946.
In 1950, Ketelbey accepted a temporary appointment as visiting professor at the University College of the Gold Coast to organise the Department of History. She worked there for 6 months and played an important role in the development of the curriculum.
In June 1951, Ketelbey again requested the university court consider her for a promotion but was refused. Finally, in 1955, she was promoted to Senior Lecturer at the university.
Retirement and later life
Ketelbey retired from her position at the university in 1958. She continued to live in St Andrews until her death. In the 1970s, she set out to record her own family history, compiling two volumes on the Ketelbeys between 1975 and 1982.
She died in December 1990 and is buried in St Andrews’ Western Cemetery.
In 1991, the university's Alumnus Chronicle mislabeled Ketelbey as 'lecturer', rather as 'senior lecturer' which she had fought so hard for, so women appointed lectureships in the early 2000s believed they were the first women in Modern History at St Andrews.
Selected publications
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71289774
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boccaccio%27s%20notebooks
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Boccaccio's notebooks
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Giovanni Boccaccio's notebooks or zibaldoni have been preserved in three codices, known as the Zibaldone Laurenziano, the Miscellanea Laurenziana and the Zibaldone Magliabechiano. These are autograph manuscripts containing both texts copied by Boccaccio and original compositions, plus many notes. All three date from his early years in Naples and Florence.
The Zibaldone Laurenziano and the Miscellanea Laurenziana were not originally bound as such in Boccaccio's lifetime. They may not have been bound at all. They form a palimpsest, written on 18 quartos and 1 terno of parchment recycled from a Beneventan gradual of the late 13th century. The texts were rearranged into two blocks by Antonio Petrei in the 16th century and passed to the Laurentian Library in 1568, after which the two blocks were separated into the two codices. The Zibaldone Laurenziano is a hodgepodge of texts, more miscellaneous than the Miscellanea. They are mostly moral, literary and medieval. The Miscellanea contains mainly classical texts. The Zibaldone was compiled between about 1327 and the late 1340s. The Miscellanea is mostly a product of the 1340s, possibly into the 1350s.
The Zibaldone Magliabechiano is written in cursive on paper. Its authenticity was once debated, but it is now universally accepted as Boccaccio's. It has been dated to 1342–1345 and to 1351–1356. It is named for the librarian Antonio Magliabechi and is now kept in Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Banco Rari MS 50.
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71290428
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty%20Years%27%20War%2C%201572%E2%80%931576
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Eighty Years' War, 1572–1576
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Flushing and Veere defected to the rebels on 3 May. Orange quickly responded to this new development, by sending a number of emissaries to Holland and Zeeland with commissions to take over local government on his behalf, in his old capacity of stadtholder, which he now re-assumed. Diederik Sonoy persuaded the cities of Enkhuizen, Hoorn, Medemblik, Edam, Haarlem, and Alkmaar to defect to Orange. The cities of Oudewater, Gouda, Gorinchem, and Dordrecht yielded to Lumey. Leiden declared itself for Orange in a spontaneous revolt. The States of Holland, with a rebel majority, convened in the rebel city of Dordrecht, and by 18 July, only the important cities of Amsterdam (until 1578) and Schoonhoven openly remained loyalist. Rotterdam went to the rebels soon after the first meetings in Dordrecht. Delft remained neutral for the time being. In Zeeland, the capital city of Middelburg also remained loyal, but was put under siege by the Geuzen from April 1572 until February 1574, when Middelburg surrendered to the rebels. Orange was recognised as stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht at an unauthorised meeting of the States of Holland in Dordrecht in July 1572. Orange also asked for a formal alliance between himself and the States of Holland, rather than just being the king's representative and the States being the people's representatives. Calvinism was granted the status of 'public religion', even though less than 10% of the population was Calvinist at the time.
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71290870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority%20Report%20%28soundtrack%29
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Minority Report (soundtrack)
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Minority Report (Original Motion Picture Score) is the score album to the 2002 film of the same name directed by Steven Spielberg. The music was released on June 18, 2002 by DreamWorks Records in CD, vinyl and cassettes. The score was composed and conducted by Spielberg's regular collaborator John Williams, with orchestration done by John Neufeld, Conrad Pope, Eddie Karam and Miriam A. Mayer, and vocal harmonies by Deborah Dietrich.
Despite being a science fiction film, Williams did not focus on science fiction elements, and used traditional noir to suit with some of the sequences, while melodic themes were composed for the film's emotional sequences. Several classical pieces were used in the score, including Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 8, Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6, and recurring minuet from the Haydn string quartet (Op. 64, No. 1), while electronic instrumentation, which was used in Spielberg's previous film A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001; also scored by Williams), oriental percussions and vocal harmonies, were also used for this score. Upon its release, the music received mixed reviews from critics, praising the compositions and Williams' instrumental and orchestral approach, but criticised the predictability in the tunes, as well the incorporation of themes from popular composers in the score, though Williams said the score is inspired from Bernard Herrmann's work.
In April 2014, the score was re-released by Geffen Records for music streaming services and music download. In 2019, a 2-disc limited "expanded edition" was released through La-La-Land Records featuring the full score as heard in the film, along with several alternate and unused tracks as bonus material.
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71291211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdan-Dawid%20Wojdowski
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Bogdan-Dawid Wojdowski
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Bogdan-Dawid Wojdowski (,30 November 1930 –21 April 1994) was a Polish-Jewish writer of Yiddish (Ashkenazic) background.
Name
The writer was born Dawid Wojdowski. During World War II, under German occupation, he used an 'ethnically Polish' (that is, more Catholic-sounding) pseudonym 'Bogdan Kamiński'. After the war, in light of strong antisemitism in communist Poland, he melded his pseudonym's first name with his surname that does not point to his Jewish cultural and social background. As an adult and writer, he became known as 'Bogdan Wojdowski'. Yet, later in his life, to emphasize the fact that he was not a Pole-Catholic, but a Jew of a Polish cultural background, he started using his birth name Dawid in preference to Bogdan.
Biography
Dawid Wojdowski was born to a Jewish (Ashkenazic) family in Warsaw, which at that time was the cultural center of Yiddishland, or Central Europe's zone of Yiddish language and culture. His father, Szymon Jakub Wojdowski, was an upholsterer and joiner. His own traditional family of Hassidic character was Yiddish-speaking. On the other hand, the family of Dawid's mother, Edwarda Bark, was of assimilationist and leftist leanings, and thus, Polish-speaking. Father spoke Yiddish to his wife and children (that is, Dawid and his younger sister, Irena), but mother spoke Polish with the children, who also received Polish-language education.
During the war, together with about half a million Jews from Warsaw and the vicinity, the German occupation authorities made Wojdowski's family move to the Warsaw Ghetto. The lived in the ghetto between November 1940 and August 1942. His parents perished in the Holocaust, but Dawid-Bogdan and his sister Irena were separately smuggled out of the ghetto and survived. Among others, Jadwiga Danuta Koszutska-Issat hid Dawid-Bogdan from the Germans, while, Irena Sendler his sister.
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71291211
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogdan-Dawid%20Wojdowski
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Bogdan-Dawid Wojdowski
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After the fall of communism, Wojdowski hoped for a revival of Jewish cultural life in postcommunist Poland. To this end, in 1991, he founded the journal Masada, which however, went defunct after the publication of the first issue. In 1993 the writer published his famous essay 'Judaizm jako los' (Judaism as Fate), on which he had worked since 1989. Wojdowski proposes that the Jewish religion or a cultural memory thereof is at the heart of Jewishness, making the Jews into a civilization in its own right. After the Shoah no Jew can give up on their Judaism with impunity. In relation to gentiles, Wojdowski, as a Jew, does not demand acceptance but liberty. He saw liberty as the necessary foundation on which he could relate to any other individual.
All his adult life, Wojdowski had periods of acute depression, which at that time was still not diagnosed as PTSD caused by the Holocaust. As a result, like many other Holocaust survivors who became writers (for instance, Jean Améry, Paul Celan or Primo Levi), in 1994, Wojdowski committed suicide by hanging himself from a window curtain rod.
In 2013, Wojdowski's widow Maria Iwaszkiewicz-Wojdowska and sister Irena Grabska gifted the writer's archive to the National Library of Poland in Warsaw. The following year, the Polish Book Institute purchased the rights to Wojdowski's opus magnum The Bread for the Departed, which can now be published and translated into other languages free of charge.
Bread for the Departed (1971)
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71291381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowe%20Gardens
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Stowe Gardens
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Located in a grove of trees at the eastern end of the Grecian Valley, at the north-east corner of the gardens, the structure is a small belvedere designed by James Gibbs in 1729. It was moved to its present position in the 1760s; it originally stood where Queen Caroline's statue stands. It is square in plan with chamfered corners that, built of stone, each side is an open arch, herma protrude from each chamfered corner. It is surmounted by an octagonal lead dome.
The Circle of the Dancing Faun
Located near the north-east end of the valley near the Fane of Pastoral Poetry, the Dancing Faun commanded the centre of a circle of five sculptures of shepherds and shepherdesses, all of the sculptures had been sold. Two of these statues were located in Buckingham and restored in 2009 to their original place in the garden. In 2016, the Faun supported by the so-called Saxon Altar and the other three statues were recreated.
The Cobham Monument
To the south of the Grecian Valley is the tallest structure in the gardens rising 115 ft. Built 1747–49 of stone, probably designed by Brown, who adapted a design by Gibbs. It consists of a square plinth with corner buttresses surmounted by Coade stone lions holding shields added in 1778. The column itself is octagonal with a single flute on each face, with a molded doric capital and base. On which is a small belvedere of eight arches with a dome supporting the sculpture of Lord Cobham, the probable sculptor of which was Peter Scheemakers.
The present statue is a recreation made in 2001 after the original was destroyed by lightning in 1957. A spiral staircase rises through the column to the belvedere, providing an elevated view of the gardens. Lord Cobham's Walk is a tree-lined avenue that stretches from the Pillar north-east to the edge of the gardens.
Statues Of The Grecian Valley
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71291381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stowe%20Gardens
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Stowe Gardens
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The work of so many major architects gives the gardens and park at Stowe a unique architectural flavour. It is less a horticultural garden and more of a picturesque landscape of lawns, water and trees, with carefully contrived vistas which culminate in eye catching structures. Other gardens of the period, such as Claremont, Kew and Stourhead followed this style, but few matched the scale of Stowe. While the buildings in the grounds at Stowe are natural foci for attention, the landscaping around the structures is as vital to the overall scheme. The gardens progressed from a formal, structured layout, through increasing naturalisation. The planting of grasses and trees was equally deliberate, designed to lead the eyes of the visitor on to the next area, and to bring a sense of drama to the landscape.
The gardens incorporate a number of architectural and horticultural "firsts". They are themselves considered the earliest example of the English landscape garden. Defining the borders of the park he began, Charles Bridgeman designed the first ha-ha in England, a feature that was widely imitated. Within the garden, Kent's Chinese House was perhaps England's earliest Chinoiserie building. So notable were the gardens at Stowe that they were emulated across the world. Thomas Jefferson visited, and bought the guidebooks, transporting ideas across the Atlantic for his Monticello estate. Eastwards, it inspired gardens in Germany such as that at Wörlitz, and those created at Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo by Catherine the Great.
Sermon in Stone – the "meaning" of the Garden
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71291761
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poeloegoedoe
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Poeloegoedoe
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Poeloegoedoe (also: Pulugudu and Pori Gudu) is a village in the Tapanahony River at the confluence with the Lawa River. It is named after the Poeloegoedoe Falls and is inhabited by maroons of the Ndyuka people. The village is located in the Tapanahony resort of Sipaliwini District, Suriname.
History
The Poeloegoedoe Falls are located at the confluence of the Tapanahony River with the Lawa River after which both rivers continue as the Marowijne River. The hills on the Surinamese and French side constitute a large wall, and the river is squeezed through a 20-metre opening. The word Poeloegoedoe means "takes your possessions" (compare: pull goods).
In 1805, there was a mutiny of the Corps of Black Hunters () which had been established to protect the colony of Suriname against attacks by maroons. The soldiers moved into the tribal area of the Ndyuka people and reached an agreement. On 3 June 1806, the postholder Kelderman reported that they had settled in Poeloegoedoe and had created gardens for subsistence farming. The location was a strategic choice of the Ndyuka to protect the Tapanahony River against attacks by the Aluku, an enemy maroon people. The soldiers were later integrated into the tribe as one of the los (matrilinear kinship groups).
Overview
Poeloegoedoe is a small village, and does not have a school or clinic. There is a gold concession near the village.
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71291929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact%20of%20Territet
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Pact of Territet
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Pact of Territet () was an attempt to mend the long-standing dynastic feud between two Spanish Borbón branches and their supporters, known as the Alfonsists and the Carlists. In September 1931 it was agreed between two competitive exiled claimants, posing as Alfonso XIII and Jaime III. The deal envisioned that a new Spanish constituent assembly would pronounce who should be the king, and both pretenders pledged to accept the verdict. It was also tacitly understood that the following king should be Juan de Borbón y Battenberg, descendant of the Alfonsist branch but supposed to embrace Carlist political principles. Following unexpected death of Jaime III the agreement was questioned by his Carlist successor, posing as Alfonso Carlos I; he demanded further declarations on part of the Alfonsists. As they failed to materialize, both branches stuck to their own principles and the deal was abandoned. In historiography there are doubts about details of the agreement, and some authors question its very existence.
Background
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71291929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact%20of%20Territet
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Pact of Territet
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When the Second Spanish Republic was born, the Alfonsist dynastic head was the 45-year-old Alfonso de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena, who as king Alfonso XIII ruled Spain between 1886 and 1931 (furtherly referred as Don Alfonso). At the time he had 6 children, including 4 sons. His oldest son Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg was declared Príncipe de Asturias, a traditional title reserved for the official successor to the throne, though he was physically impaired and there were some doubts as to his ability to rule. At the time the Carlist dynastic head was the 61-year-old Jaime de Borbón y Borbón-Parma, who inherited the claim from his late father in 1909 and was recognized by his followers as king Jaime III (furtherly referred as Don Jaime). He was not married, had no children and given his age and bachelor status, he was highly unlikely to have any descendants. The next-in-line to the Carlist throne was Don Jaime's paternal uncle, the 82-year-old Alfonso Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este, who also had no children (furtherly referred as Don Alfonso Carlos). Hence, it was almost certain that the direct line of Carlist claimants would extinguish, probably with childless death of Don Alfonso Carlos first and then with the childless death of Don Jaime. It was not clear who would inherit the Carlist claim later.
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71291929
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact%20of%20Territet
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Pact of Territet
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During later decades there were other attempts to end the dynastic conflict. In the 1940s within Carlism there was a current known as Juanismo or Rodeznismo, which advocated that under the regency of Don Javier and in line with guidelines from late Don Alfonso Carlos, there is a grand Carlist assembly organized; during that assembly representatives of this current hoped to have Don Juan declared as the Carlist king. The assembly in question has never materialized and in the mid-1950s it appeared that Don Javier intended to assume the claim himself. In response, representatives of the same Juanista current opened direct talks with Don Juan; in 1957 in an official and pompous act he solemnly accepted Traditionalist principles and was declared king by a major and prestigious group of Carlists. They hoped to marginalise supporters of Don Javier, but instead they found themselves in minority. Since the mid-1960s there were individual but fairly numerous Carlists, increasingly estranged by new ideological turn of the Borbón-Parmas, who turned towards the son of Don Juan, Don Juan Carlos. Many of them later recognized him as king Juan Carlos I, though not in any collective or official way.
Today there is no current within Carlism which declares loyalty to Felipe de Borbón y Grecia as to king Felipe VI. There are factions which support Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma y Bourbon-Busset, Carlos Javier de Borbón-Parma y Nassau, Domingo de Habsburgo-Toscana y Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, or which do not support any particular person and any particular branch. There is also a branch which claims Carlist identity but rejects the monarchy altogether. The Alfonsists are very much united behind the current ruler, though their ranks diminish as monarchism is decreasingly popular in Spain.
In historiography
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71292446
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent%20event%20analysis
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Recurrent event analysis
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Multi-state model
In multi-state models, the recurrent event processes of individuals are described by different states. The different states may describe the recurrence number, or whether the subject is at risk of recurrence. A change of state is called a transition (or an event) and is central in this framework, which is fully characterized through estimation of transition probabilities between states and transition intensities that are defined as instantaneous hazards of progression to one state, conditional on occupying another state.
Extended Cox proportional hazards (PH) models
Extensions of the Cox proportional hazard models are popular models in social sciences and medical science to assess associations between variables and risk of recurrence, or to predict recurrent event outcomes. Many extensions of survival models based on the Cox proportional hazards approach have been proposed to handle recurrent event data. These models can be characterized by four model components:
Risk intervals
Baseline hazard
Risk set
Correction for within-subject correlation
Well-known examples of Cox-based recurrent event models are the Andersen and Gill model, the Prentice, Williams and Petersen model and the Wei–Lin–Weissfeld model
Correlated event times within subjects
Time to recurrence is often correlated within subjects, as some subjects can be more frail to experiencing recurrences. If the correlated nature of the data is ignored, the confidence intervals (CI) for the estimated rates could be artificially narrow, which may result in false positive results.
Robust variance
It is possible to use robust 'sandwich' estimators for the variance of regression coefficients. Robust variance estimators are based on a jackknife estimate, which anticipates correlation within subjects and provides robust standard errors.
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71292866
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Hamid%20%28politician%2C%20born%201886%29
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Abdul Hamid (politician, born 1886)
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Abdul Hamid (, 1886–1963), popularly known as Minister Abdul Hamid, was a Bengali lawyer, educationist and politician. He was a former president and education minister of the Assam Legislative Council. From 1947 to 1954, he served as the education minister of East Bengal.
Early life and education
Abdul Hamid was born in 1886, to a Bengali Muslim family from Pathantula in Sylhet. His father was Abdul Qadir, brother of Moulvi Abdul Karim. His sister, Hafiza Banu, was the mother of politician Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz and the paternal grandmother of Bangladeshi ministers Abul Maal Abdul Muhith and AK Abdul Momen and National Professor Dr. Shahla Khatun.
Abdul Hamid attended the Calcutta Madrassa. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Dacca College and a Bachelor of Laws from Calcutta Law College, after which he joined the Sylhet District Bar.
Career
He was a former president and education minister of the Assam Legislative Council from 1924 to 1937. Qazi Nazrul Islam visited Abdul Hamid's home during his stay in Sylhet. In 1937, he was appointed as the deputy leader of the Assam Provincial Muslim League until the Partition of India in 1947. From 1947 to 1954, he served as the education minister of East Bengal.
Death and legacy
Abdul Hamid died in 1963. The Minister Abdul Hamid Road in Pathantula, Sylhet was named after him in his honour, as well as the Abdul Hamid Government Primary School in nearby Masimpur, Sylhet.
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71293212
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floe%20Edge
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Floe Edge
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Floe Edge: Contemporary Art and Collaborations from Nunavut was an exhibition of contemporary Inuit art and fashion staged by Quebec artist collective Axe Néo-7 and curated by Kathleen Nicholls of the Nunavut Arts and Crafts Association. The exhibition featured contemporary works from 18 artists in multiple media, including videos, drawings, and fashion. The organizers intentionally eschewed more traditional presentations of Inuit art such as soapstone carvings. Floe Edge originally appeared at the Galerie Axe Néo-7 in Gatineau, Quebec, from January to March 2016. The exhibition travelled to Canada House in London in September 2016. It was presented at the Urban Shaman Gallery in Winnipeg, Manitoba, from September to October 2017.
According to the artist statement, the exhibit was named for the "floe edge" phenomenon of the Arctic spring, when the frozen Arctic Ocean begins to melt along shorelines, creating a constantly-changing seascape filled with ice floes. The name serves as a metaphor for the lives and works of the artists involved, many of whom do not work solely as artists, and whose other jobs often influence their art.
Tanya Tagaq, an Inuk throat singer, performed a sung soundscape over a screening of the 1922 silent film Nanook of the North. Visual artist Ningiukulu Teevee contributed drawings. Landscape photographer Niore Iqalukjuak presented small-scale photographs of the Arctic. A team of video artists collaborated on a large-scale video presentation called Gauge, which used time-lapse photography to show a series of shapes on a wall of show. Sculptor Mona Netser presented Hunter with Kativak, a large-scale doll depicting a hunter with wild hair. The sculpture was staged so that the hunter's spear pointed at a drawing of a polar bear consuming a walrus, which Leah Snyder of Inuit Art Quarterly said formed "a dynamic arrangement of hunter and hunted."
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71293516
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhudas%20Gandhi
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Prabhudas Gandhi
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Prabhudas Gandhi (4 December 1901 – 6 May 1995) was an Indian Gujarati language writer and translator. He was a son of Mahatma Gandhi's nephew Chhaganlal Gandhi. He was awarded the Narmad Suvarna Chandrak (1948) for his book Jivannu Parodh. ().
Biography
Prabhudas Gandhi was born to father Chhaganlal Gandhi and mother Kashibahen Devi, on 4 December 1901 at Porbandar (now in Gujarat, India). In 1902, his father Chhaganlal Gandhi and uncle Maganlal Gandhi went to South Africa. Prabhudas arrived in South Africa with his mother in 1905. He spent his childhood at the Phoenix Ashram there. In 1914, he returned to India and studied at Gurukul Kangadi, Haridwar and at Santiniketan. In 1915, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India and established the Kochrab Ashram at Ahmedabad. Prabhudas was one of the original 25 inmates of the Ashram. In 1917, he participated in the Champaran Satyagraha and toured Bihar along with Gandhi and Kasturba. During the Non-cooperation movement in 1921, he worked with Mamasaheb Phalke in Godhra for the upliftment of manual scavengers.
He worked with Gulzarilal Nanda during the mill workers' strike at Ahmedabad. He worked as a tutor of spinning-wheel (charkha) with Jugatram Dave at the Bardoli Swaraj Ashram in south Gujarat. He invented a new type of charkha that could be operated with the user's feet. He named it the "Magan Charkha" in memory of his uncle Maganlal Gandhi.
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71294082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Pinckney
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William Pinckney
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When Pinckney regained consciousness, he discovered the compartments around him wrecked completely. He made his way through the burning wreckage to an open hangar deck hatch, where he found the only other surviving sailor, Gunner's Mate James Bagwell. The other sailor could not get up through the hatch and fell unconscious, so Pinckney pulled Bagwell over his shoulder and started climbing the ladder. During his first attempt, an electrical cable shocked Pinckney and he was thrown back and knocked unconscious again. When he regained consciousness, he grabbed Bagwell again and carried him through the hatch to safety. Pinckney then returned down the hatch to search for more survivors.
Pinckney received treatment in Hawaii for shrapnel wounds and third-degree burns before he spent the next four years at Naval Base San Diego. He left the Navy on June 30, 1946, as a Cook First Class.
Pinckney was one of only four African Americans to receive the Navy Cross during World War II.
Post-Navy career
Pinckney later served for 26 years in the Merchant Marines as a cook.
Personal life
While attending elementary school in South Carolina, Pinckney met his future wife, Henrietta. He asked Henrietta to her first dance when she was fifteen and married her eight years later in Beaufort on November 6, 1943.
Additionally, Pinckney was a Mason and a member of the American Legion. He died on July 21, 1976, after a two-year struggle with spinal cancer. He was buried in the Beaufort National Cemetery and was survived by his wife. They had no children.
Decades later, Beaufort historian and USCB professor Larry Rowland discovered that Pinckney's headstone did not mention him receiving the Navy Cross. In 2018, a new headstone was unveiled that listed the Navy Cross.
Legacy
In 1943, Pinckney receiving the Navy Cross resulted in coverage across the United States, including in the New York Times, the Call and Post in Cleveland, the Detroit Evening Times, the Jackson Advocate and the Negro History Bulletin.
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71294603
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20History%20Digital%20Library
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Media History Digital Library
|
The Media History Digital Library (MHDL) is a non-profit, open access digital archive founded by David Pierce and directed by Eric Hoyt that compiles books, magazines, and other print materials related to the histories of film, broadcasting, and recorded sound and makes these materials accessible online for free. The MHDL both digitizes physical materials and acquires digital copies from outside libraries, archives, collectors, and other collaborators. Most of the material in its more than 2.5 million pages is in the public domain and therefore free for all to use with no restrictions.
Projects of the Media History Digital Library include its search engine Lantern and its data visualization platform Arclight. The Media History Digital Library is led by the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, in Madison, Wisconsin. Film and media studies librarian James Steffen has called the MHDL one of "the two most important digital collections today for studying media industries."
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71294682
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20of%20St.%20George%20the%20Victorious%20of%20Derbent
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Cathedral of St. George the Victorious of Derbent
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Construction
On May 8, 1849, at noon, in the presence of Prince Mikhail S. Vorontsov and his wife, the foundation was laid. The project of the church was developed by Prince Grigory Gagarin in the Russian-Byzantine style. The construction was supervised by field engineer captain V. I. Gerschelman. The church was built from local hewn stone and was designed for 500 people. While digging the foundation, the builders stumbled upon the ruins of an ancient temple. Presumably, in the 4th century, an Albanian Orthodox Church was located on that place. Many clay pipes and the remains of a pool were found, as well as almost surviving vaults of the temple made of burnt bricks with the remains of columns and floors paved with slabs.
According to the project, the church was supposed to have a cast-iron floor, which was later replaced with a walnut end floor. Church utensils were delivered from all over the empire: crosses, chandeliers, candlesticks from Moscow, bells from Astrakhan, and an iconostasis from Tbilisi. The painting of the temple and the writing of some of the icons were made by Prince G. G. Gagarin. In particular, he painted icons: the Last Supper, the holy archangels Michael and Gabriel, the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles, St. George and St. Alexander Nevsky. A clock made by Master Stern in Odessa was installed on the bell tower. In 1875, a fence was erected around the church and a square was laid out.
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71294918
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Lord%20Bailey
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Sarah Lord Bailey
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Sarah Lord Bailey (, Lord; after first marriage, Bailey; after second marriage, Sanborn; September 9, 1856 – July 9, 1922) was a British-born American elocutionist and teacher of dramatic elocution.
Biography
Sarah Lord was born in Tottington, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, England, 9 September 1856. She was the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Lord, her parents bringing her to the U.S. the year following her birth and making their home in Lawrence, Massachusetts.
Early in life, she showed a fondness and talent for dramatic elocution, and it was developed by her participation in amateur plays given in Lawrence under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic posts. She was educated in the Oliver grammar school, and the Lasell Seminary (now Lasell University), Auburndale, Massachusetts, where she studied two years. She afterwards studied under the best teachers of elocution in Boston, and was graduated in 1888 from the Boston School of Oratory. She was a pupil of Howard M. Ticknor.
In Boston, August 23, 1877, she married Elbridge E. Bailey. In 1883, to benefit Mr. Bailey's health, they went to the Sandwich Islands where they lived for nearly two years. They were present at the coronation ceremonies of King Kalākaua and Queen Kapiʻolani in ʻIolani Palace, February 12, 1883.
In 1884, they returned to the U.S., and Mr. Bailey went into business in St. Louis, Missouri, where Mrs. Bailey taught elocution in the Missouri School for the Blind. They afterwards removed to Kansas City, Missouri where Mr. Bailey built up a flourishing business. For some time, Mrs. Bailey taught elocution and voice-culture in the Kansas City School of Elocution and Oratory.
She was obliged to return to Massachusetts on account of her failing health. In Lawrence, she conducted several large classes in elocution, besides fulfilling engagements to read in various cities.
In October 1891, she read at the Toronto Auditorium. In 1898, she published, Work and Art.
On May 11, 1901, she married Jack Sanborn.
| 2.59375
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71295030
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian%20Church%20of%20Panama
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Presbyterian Church of Panama
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The Presbyterian of Panama Church (, IPP) is a Protestant Reformed denomination, founded in Panama in 2011, by the missionary Gilberto Botelho, sent by the Presbyterian Agency for Transcultural Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Brazil. Based on its growth, the denomination was recognized by the government of Panama in 2022.
History
In 1698, some 1,200 Scots settled in the Darién Gap, in Panama (then within the Viceroyalty of Peru), with the aim of establishing a new British colony that it was to be called New Caledonia. Among the settlers were members of the Church of Scotland (a Presbyterian denomination), who sent ministers to minister to members of the colony. This was the first Presbyterian presence in the territory that would later become in the Panama. However, the colony ceased to exist in 1700, leading to the departure of all Scottish Presbyterians from the region.
In 1916, the Congress of Panama was held, an ecumenical event that established that Latin America was already a Christian region (Roman Catholic) and should not be the object of Protestant missions. As a result, many Presbyterian denominations did not send missions to Panama until the 21st century.
In 2011, the Presbyterian Agency for Cross-Cultural Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Brazil sent missionary Gilberto Botelho, along with his wife Cristiane and their children, to Panama City, to initiate the planting of a Presbyterian church.
Church growth, others missionaries were sent to the country, including Rev. Raimundo Monteiro Montenegro Neto, Rev. Paulo César Duarte de Oliveira, Joaquim Ivanil Rodrigues dos Santos, and Rev. Luiz Otávio N. Gomes, among others.
In 2022, the denomination was formally organized and recognized by the government of Panama.
| 2.34375
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71295129
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20Club%20Corinthians%20Paulista%20in%20international%20football
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Sport Club Corinthians Paulista in international football
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Corinthians first participated in international club competitions in 1977, when they took part in the group stage of the 18th edition of the Copa Libertadores – the highest level of competition in South American club football – as the runners-up in the previous year's Brazilian championship. Their debut was against Internacional, a club that had beaten Corinthians four months earlier in the 1976 national championship finals, at Morumbi Stadium. Right-back Zé Maria scored the first international goal in the club’s history. After a 1–1 draw against Internacional, the team, led by coach Osvaldo Brandão, was defeated 2–1 in both of their away matches against El Nacional and Cuenca, respectively, and suffered a 1–0 defeat to the then Brazilian champions. With no possibility of advancing to the next stage, Corinthians secured their first two victories against Cuenca and El Nacional and finished their debut South American campaign in third place in their group.
After a 14-year hiatus, Corinthians participated in their second Libertadores in 1991, this time as the Brazilian national football champions. Coached by Nelsinho Baptista and led by midfielder Neto, Corinthians were placed in a group with Flamengo, Nacional de Montevideo and Bella Vista, where they finished as the runner-up. Paired with Boca Juniors in the round of 16, they were beaten 3–1 in the first leg at La Bombonera and were eliminated after a 1–1 draw in the second leg at Morumbi Stadium, with 65,791 spectators in attendance. Two seasons later, Corinthians participated in their first Copa Conmebol in 1994. Coached by Jair Pereira, they made it to the semifinals, where they were defeated by São Paulo, the eventual competition winners, in a penalty shootout after each team won a game. Corinthians returned to the tournament the following season, but they were eliminated by América de Cali in the quarter-finals.
| 1.992188
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71295129
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20Club%20Corinthians%20Paulista%20in%20international%20football
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Sport Club Corinthians Paulista in international football
|
One of eight teams participating in the inaugural FIFA Club World Cup in 2000, Corinthians were nominated by the Brazilian Football Confederation as the host country's representative in the new competition. The 1999 Brazilian Championship holders had just claimed their third national league title, with key players such as Dida, Freddy Rincón, Vampeta, Ricardinho, Marcelinho Carioca, Edílson and Luizão. Corinthians began their campaign with a 2–0 victory over African champions Raja by 2–0. In the second round, they secured a 2–2 draw with Real Madrid, with standout performances from Edílson, who scored twice, and goalkeeper Dida, who saved a late penalty from Nicolas Anelka A hard-fought 2–0 victory over Al-Nassr confirmed Corinthians as group winners and sealed their spot in the final in Rio de Janeiro. The opponent was Vasco da Gama, winner of the other group.
In front of more than 73,000 supporters, most of whom were in favor of the Carioca team, at Maracanã Stadium, the two sides played a match marked by few offensive moves. With the score tied 0–0 after regulation and extra time, the game was decided by a penalty shootout. Rincón, Fernando Baiano, Luizão, and Edu converted the first four penalties for Corinthians, while Dida saved a penalty from Gilberto. Although Marcelinho Carioca missed his penalty and was denied by Vasco goalkeeper Helton, Edmundo also missed for Vasco. Corinthians won 4–3 and were crowned the first-ever FIFA Club World Cup champions. The title also marked their first international trophy in the club's history.
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71295186
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20H.%20Smart
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James H. Smart
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The Big Ten Conference
In an initiative led by Smart, he and the presidents of the University of Chicago, University of Illinois, University of Minnesota, University of Wisconsin, Northwestern University, and Lake Forest College met on January 11, 1895, to discuss regulation of collegiate athletics. At a second meeting of the presidents (with the exception of the president of Lake Forest, who was replaced by the president of the University of Michigan) on February 8, 1896, the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded. This organization would develop into the Big Ten Conference, a Power Five conference consisting entirely of NCAA Division I FBS schools. Around the time of its founding, it was more commonly called the Western Conference, and would become to be known as the Big Nine after the University of Iowa and Indiana University joined in 1899. It would first be called the Big Ten when Michigan rejoined in 1916, with Ohio State University having joined in 1912. Chicago would leave the conference in 1946 after it disbanded its athletics program and was replaced by Michigan State University in 1949. Despite subsequent enlargement to 14 teams with the additions of Pennsylvania State University, the University of Nebraska, the University of Maryland, and Rutgers University, the conference has continued to be known as the Big Ten. In 2022 the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California announced they would leave the Pac-12 Conference and join the Big Ten in 2024, and in 2023 the University of Washington and the University of Oregon made a similar announcement.
Personal life and death
Smart married Mary H. Swan on July 21, 1870, and had a son, Richard Addison Smart, and a daughter, Mary Farrington Smart.
Smart died of natural causes on February 21, 1900, aged 58, and is buried in Spring Vale Cemetery in Lafayette, Indiana.
| 2.453125
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71295199
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/233rd%20Rifle%20Division
|
233rd Rifle Division
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Battle for the City
In the last act of the battle, beginning on January 26, the 67th Guards, 233rd and 24th Divisions were ordered to orient their assaults on the western edge of the Krasny Oktyabr village and the southwestern edge of Barrikady village, where they were to link up with the forces on 62nd Army's right wing. General Batov coordinated closely with that Army on recognition signals and radio call signs to ensure there were no friendly-fire incidents, especially with the 13th Guards and 284th Rifle Divisions. By this time the divisions of 65th Army were averaging 1,000-2,000 "bayonets" (infantry and sappers) each. Shortly after dawn the German position had been chopped into a northern and a southern pocket. and the 233rd joined hands with the 13th Guards. At 1130 hours on the 27th the division captured the southern portion of upper Krasny Oktyabr village and also linked up with the 39th Guards Rifle Division south of Hill 107.5. Thereafter the division joined with the 13th Guards, the 23rd Division and the 91st Tank Brigade in wheeling north and attacking the southwestern part of the Barrikady village. Progress over the next few days was limited due to well-prepared defenses held by some of the few combat-effective units left in LI Army Corps.
| 2.0625
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71295199
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/233rd%20Rifle%20Division
|
233rd Rifle Division
|
On October 28 elements of 75th Corps relieved units of 46th Army and occupied their defensive lines; following this the entire 57th Army was ordered on October 31 to cross to the west bank of the Danube. The crossing operations were led by 75th Corps overnight on November 7/8 in the area of BatinaApatin. The Corps' artillery was reinforced with two regiments of artillery with a guards mortar regiment in reserve. The 233rd was deployed along a line from Baja to Mohács to Batina and the 74th Rifle Division from outside Batina to outside Dalj. Four battalions of the 74th made the initial crossings and were followed the next night by two companies of the 703rd Regiment near Batina which got into an intense fight. Despite numerous counterattacks the bridgeheads were consolidated and held. By the end of November 11 the 703rd had fully crossed and captured Batina while engineer units had begun constructing ferry and bridge crossings.
As a result of these crossing operations Jr. Sgt. Andrei Gurevich Khatanzeysky was made a Hero of the Soviet Union. A section leader of the 341st Sapper Battalion and a Komi by ethnicity, he led his section in a light boat across the Danube overnight on November 6/7 to reconnoitre a possible landing site near Batina. The next night he led the crossings of 85 riflemen, nine heavy machine guns, three mortars with their crews, and 46 boxes of ammunition. in the subsequent fighting in the bridgehead he personally accounted for about ten German soldiers killed. He was officially awarded the Gold Star on March 24, 1945, but was killed in action near Lake Balaton on April 9 before he could receive it.
| 2.234375
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71295199
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/233rd%20Rifle%20Division
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233rd Rifle Division
|
Hungarian Campaign
On the same day that the Pitomača battle took place the Hungarian capital was encircled, and the Axis forces began operations to relieve the garrison on January 1, 1945. The third such operation, called Konrad III, began on January 18. On the morning of January 20 the German forces continued to attack to the east and northeast in an effort to capture Székesfehérvár. In reaction the 233rd and 236th Rifle Divisions were pulled into Front reserve in case they were needed to defend the southern sector of the new defensive front. The 233rd moved up using motor and rail transport to concentrate in the Pincehely area. Székesfehérvár fell on January 22. Two days later the headquarters of 133rd Rifle Corps was attached to 57th Army and the two divisions came under its command; the Corps formed the Army's right flank along the Sárvíz Canal. As an indication of the rapidly evolving situation on the Soviet side, the next day the 135th Rifle Corps headquarters was also subordinated to the Army and the two divisions shifted to its command. The 233rd would remain in the Corps for the duration of the war. By the 26th the German relief force had reached to within 25 km of the inner encirclement but this proved to be the limit of the advance. The next day the 3rd Ukrainian Front continued a counterstrike between the Danube and Lake Velence. By the day's end the 233rd, on the right flank of 57th Army, captured Sáregres and was fighting for Igar.
| 2.53125
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71295281
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeks%2C%20Texas
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Meeks, Texas
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Meeks is an unincorporated community in Bell County, in the U.S. state of Texas. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 15 in 2000. It is located within the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan area.
History
Meeks also went by the name of Casey. A post office was established at Meeks in 1902 and remained in operation until 1906. The community had two businesses and 25 residents in 1933. Its population zenith was 40 in 1949 and the community had two businesses in a cluster of buildings a mile apart. The community appeared to go by the names of both Casey and Meeks in the 1940s, but was only called Meeks as of 1964. At that time, the population declined to 10, then grew to 15 from 1988 through 2000.
Geography
Meeks is located east of Temple in eastern Bell County.
Education
In the first half of the 20th century, Meeks had two schools for White students. Casey School, located in the community, had 55 students in 1903, while Meeks school, located a mile north, had 51 students in 1905. They remained in 1949. Today, the community is served by the Rogers Independent School District.
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71295323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambigolimax%20waterstoni
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Ambigolimax waterstoni
|
Ambigolimax waterstoni is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.
Taxonomy
This is one of the several species formerly confused under the name Limax nyctelius and later Lehmannia nyctelia or Ambigolimax nyctelius.
In the early 1930s A.R. Waterston wrote his undergraduate thesis describing a species of "Limax" from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. These specimens and others were the basis for H.E. Quick in 1946 to name them as Limax nyctelius, a species described from Algeria. By that time M. Connolly had used this name for the same species in South Africa. It was subsequently reported more widely. Only in 2022 was it realised that these further findings were not all of the same species: slugs from the Carpathian Mountains and Bulgaria were of a species now called Lehmannia carpatica and the recently invasive species in Western Europe and California has been renamed Ambigolimax parvipenis. Furthermore, the original Limax nyctelius was recognised as a species of Letourneuxia.
Hence the species from Edinburgh has been renamed Ambigolimax waterstoni, after A.R. Waterston, with the holotype being one of his specimens from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, still preserved in the National Museum of Scotland.
Distribution
The original home of A. waterstoni is likely Algeria. It is probably an introduction on the island of Elba. In South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand it has spread outdoors quite widely. Additional historical occurrences are in the Edinburgh and perhaps Glasgow botanic gardens, and probably on imported palms in Washington DC.
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71295822
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuenca%20Alta%20del%20Manzanares%20Regional%20Park
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Cuenca Alta del Manzanares Regional Park
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In the southern part of the park, the Manzanares River has notably widened its valley and collects the streams of Manina and Trofas, which come from the Sierra del Hoyo. It is also retained in the El Pardo reservoir, of great ecological interest.
The Viñuelas stream, which flows through the mountain with the same name, is another important stream in the Cuenca Alta del Manzanares regional park, although it belongs to the basin of the Jarama river, to which it flows.
Flora
The large extension of the Cuenca Alta del Manzanares regional park and, above all, its marked altitudinal difference favor the presence of ecosystems representative of four of the five bioclimatic levels of the Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula, from the Cryo-Mediterranean to the Meso-Mediterranean.
Due to the extent of its surface, the encina Carpetano stands out. In addition, the Portuguese oak, the narrow-leaved ash, the mountain pine forests (both sylvestris pine and cluster pine), the rocky areas, the piornales, the supra-arboreal grasslands and the pyrenean oak, as well as the gallery forests, articulated—the latter—around the Manzanares river and its tributaries, with special mention to the two main reservoirs of this river, the Santillana reservoir and the El Pardo reservoir.
There are also abundant shrubs and bushes characteristic of the Mediterranean vegetation, such as rockrose, rosemary, thyme and Spanish lavender.
In the middle of the 20th century, the territory now occupied by the Cuenca Alta del Manzanares regional park was the object of various reforestations, mainly of conifers, such as cypress, cedar and arizonica, as well as stone pine (in the valley bottoms) and sylvestris pine and laricio pine (on the slopes).
| 2.484375
| 0
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71295844
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitated%20arc%20routing%20problem
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Capacitated arc routing problem
|
In mathematics, the capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is that of finding the shortest tour with a minimum graph/travel distance of a mixed graph with undirected edges and directed arcs given capacity constraints for objects that move along the graph that represent snow-plowers, street sweeping machines, or winter gritters, or other real-world objects with capacity constraints. The constraint can be imposed for the length of time the vehicle is away from the central depot, or a total distance traveled, or a combination of the two with different weighting factors.
There are many different variations of the CARP described in the book Arc Routing:Problems, Methods, and Applications by Ángel Corberán and Gilbert Laporte.
Solving the CARP involves the study of graph theory, arc routing, operations research, and geographical routing algorithms to find the shortest path efficiently.
The CARP is NP-hard arc routing problem.
The CARP can be solved with combinatorial optimization including convex hulls.
The large-scale capacitated arc routing problem (LSCARP) is a variant of the capacitated arc routing problem that applies to hundreds of edges and nodes to realistically simulate and model large complex environments.
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71298318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20New%20Parisienne
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The New Parisienne
|
The New Parisienne: The Women & Ideas Shaping Paris is a 2020 non-fiction book written by New York Times journalist Lindsey Tramuta and with photography by Joann Pai. It was originally slated to release in April 2020, but was pushed to July later that year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the murder of George Floyd. It features profiles of 40 Parisian women, including activists, writers, and chefs.
Summary
The summary from Abrams Books is:
Book contents
The book is divided up into seven sections:
The Activists
Lauren Bastide: journalist & podcaster
Elisa Rojas: lawyer & disability-rights activist
Rokhaya Diallo: journalist, filmmaker & antiracist activist
Rebecca Amsellem: author & creator of Les Glorieuses
Clémence Zamora Cruz: Inter-LGBT spokesperson & trans activist
The Creators
Aline Asmar D'Amman: architect & designer
Elena Rossini: filmmaker & cinematographer
Inna Modja: singer-songwriter
Amélie Viaene: fine jewelry designer
Ajiri Aki: founder of Madame de la Maison
Victoire de Taillac: cofounder of L'Officine Universelle Buly
The Disruptors
Anne Hidalgo: first female mayor of Paris
Christelle Delarue: CEO, Mad&Women advertising agency
Delphine Dijoud: aeronautical engineer
Sarah Zouak: social entrepreneur, filmmaker & cofounder of Lallab
Delphine Horvilleur: rabbi & author
Dr. Ghada Hatem-Gantzer: Ob-gyn & founder of La Maison des Femmes
Sarah Ourahmoune: Olympic-medalist boxer & entrepreneur
The Storytellers
Ariane Bernard: former head of digital at Le Parisien
Heidi Evans: creator of Women of Paris tours
Leïla Slimani: Goncourt Prize-winning author
Sarah Sauquet: teacher & creator of Un Texte Un Jour
Nathalie Miltat: art gallery owner
Poonam Chawla: cultural guide, author & translator
The "Taste"makers
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71298831
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Winchelsea%20%281694%29
|
HMS Winchelsea (1694)
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HMS Winchelsea was a 32-gun fifth rate vessel built under contract at Redbridge (Southampton) in 1693/94. After commissioning she was employed for trade protection in the North Sea, guard ship at Plymouth, briefly with Shovell's Fleet in the Channel and a brief visit to the West Indies. While on fisheries protection in the Channel she was taken by the French off Hastings in June 1706.
She was the first vessel to bear the name Winchelsea or Winchelsey in the English and Royal Navy.
Construction and specifications
She was ordered on 10 April 1693 to be built under contract by Mrs. Ann Wyatt of Redbridge (Southampton). She was launched on 13 August 1694. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder’s measure tonnage was calculated as 364 tons (burthen).
The gun armament initially was four demi-culverins mounted on wooden trucks on the lower deck (LD) with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck (UD) battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two sakers guns mounted on wooden trucks with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four to six minions guns mounted on wooden trucks on the quarterdeck (QD) with two to three guns per side.
| 2.125
| 0
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71299272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Scarlet%20Letter%20%281917%20film%29
|
The Scarlet Letter (1917 film)
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The Scarlet Letter is an American silent drama film distributed by Fox Film Corporation and based upon the 1850 eponymous novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne, with some additional plot added taking place before the events of the novel. It was written and directed by Carl Harbaugh. An incomplete print of the film in 1 reel exists. The film used the novel's text to create subtitles, and in 1917 The Moving Picture World called it "as nearly flawless as it is humanly possible for it to be."
Plot
In old Puritan Boston some two hundred and fifty years ago, a girl was born. Her mother was Hester Prynne. Her father was "unknown." The Rev. Wilson and the Governor urge Hester to reveal the name of the child's father. She refuses and the Rev. Arthur Dimmesdale is asked to plead with her. She does not heed the pastor's request to reveal the name of the father of her child. A bent old man enters the square. He recognizes Hester and she him. Hate sweeps his face. Hester is taken back to prison and the old man, Chillingworth, is admitted to her cell as a physician. He is Hester's husband. He berates her and leaves, threatening to drag her lover from his hiding. Next day Hester goes to live in a cottage beyond the settlement. She endures insults and humiliation. Meantime, Rev. Dimmesdale's health gives way under a strange malady. Chillingworth is told to care for him.
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71299350
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Bingham%20%28Indiana%20politician%29
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James Bingham (Indiana politician)
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James Bingham (March 16, 1861 – August 19, 1940) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the nineteenth Indiana Attorney General from January 1, 1907, to January 1, 1911.
Biography
Early life and education
Bingham was born in Fountain County, Indiana. His father was Alexander Bingham, a farmer.
Growing up, Bingham worked on the family farm and on the railroad. After his time at the local district schools, Bingham attended Valparaiso Normal School for six months before becoming a schoolteacher at age fifteen. At age twenty-one, after six years of teaching, Bingham was elected superintendent of Fountain County schools. As superintendent, he held one of Indiana's first grade school graduations and organized a course of study for the county's common schools (he would later serve on a committee that prepared a statewide course of study for all Indiana grade schools).
In 1885, Bingham helped open law offices in Covington. In 1887, he was admitted to the Fountain County bar, but during the course of his "tireless study of law", he had severely damaged his eyesight. Bingham's wife, Elizabeth, had to assist him in his legal work before his vision eventually recovered.
Political career
Bingham, a Republican, served as prosecuting attorney of Fountain and Warren counties. Ele Stansbury, who would later become the twenty-third Indiana Attorney General, served under Bingham at this time as deputy prosecuting attorney.
In 1888, Bingham served as chairman of the Fountain County Republican Party and campaigned in the county for Republican presidential candidate Benjamin Harrison.
In 1892, Bingham moved to Muncie. Opening a law office, he practiced in the city until he was elected Attorney General.
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71300012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olotia
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Olotia
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Olotia is a genus of fungi in the family Psathyrellaceae. The genus is monotypic and contains the single species Olotia codinae which was previously classified as Psathyrella codinae.
Taxonomy
The genus Olotia was created in 2020 by the German mycologists Dieter Wächter & Andreas Melzer when the Psathyrellaceae family was subdivided based on phylogenetic analysis. Several members of the Psathyrella genus were reclassified and placed in new genera. A single species was placed in Olotia.
The type species, Olotia codinae was previously known as Psathyrella codinae after being classified in 2018 from a discovery in Spain, where it is so far only known from.
Etymology
The genus is named after the city of Olot in Spain, where the type species was documented.
Psathyrella codinae was named in memory of Catalonian mycologist Joaquim Codina, 150 years after his birth.
Description
Olotia codinae is a small mushroom with a brown to brownish yellow cap that is 8.5-15mm in diameter. The hollow stem is 17-24mm tall with a thickness of 1.8–2.8mm. The mushroom is described as smelling slightly like radish (raphanoid) but having little noticeable taste.
Species
Species include:
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71300272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Slattery
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William Slattery
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William Slattery, O.F.M., is an Irish-born Franciscan who served as Bishop of Kokstad from 1993 to 2010, before being appointed Archbishop of Pretoria and Bishop of South Africa, Military.
Biography
William Mathew Slattery was born at Portlaoise on 6 September 1943; he is a native of Killenaule, County Tipperary, Ireland. Following secondary school in Gormanston College, Liam joined the Franciscans in 1962, attending the Killarney Noviciate, and gained a BA degree from University College Galway. He moved to St. Isidore's College in Rome in order to attend lectures at the Antonianum (Pontifical University of St. Anthony). He obtained the S.T.B. (1968), the S.T.L. (1970) and a Diploma in Christian Archaeology at the Antonianum.
He was ordained in Rome in 1970, before going to South Africa in 1971. He served in various dioceses in South Africa and also in Malawi; he has also been Rector of St John Vianney Seminary, where he also lecturered in Church History from 1985 till 1991. While at St. John Vianney he also completed a degree course in anthropology at the University of South Africa(Unisa).
In 1993 he was appointed Bishop of Kokstad. In 2005 he invited the Irish charity Respond! (founded by his fellow Franciscans) to provide services in the diocese, and in 2009 supported their setting up of a housing association, Silvie. In 2010 he was appointed Archbishop of Pretoria. He retired in 2019, and was succeeded by Archbishop Dabula Mpako.
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71300430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Waldman%20%28palaeontologist%29
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Michael Waldman (palaeontologist)
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Michael Waldman is a British palaeontologist known for his work on fossil fish, mammals, and reptiles. He also discovered the globally important fossil site of Cladach a'Ghlinne, near Elgol on the Isle of Skye, Scotland. This site exposes the Kilmaluag Formation and provides a valuable record of Middle Jurassic ecosystems. During the 1970s he visited the site several times with fellow palaeontologist Robert Savage. The fossil turtle Eileanchelys waldmani was named after Michael in recognition of his notable contribution to palaeontology.
Academic career
Michael gained his PhD at Monash University in 1968. He worked as a research assistant at University of Bristol in the early 1970s working alongside Robert Savage. He went on to teach at Stowe School, Buckinghamshire, England, UK.
Michael named several fossil taxa during his research career. These include the fish Wadeichthys oxyops, the theropod dinosaur Duriavenator hesperis, the mammaliaform Borealestes, and the tritylodontid, Stereognathus hebridicus (although S. hebridicus is now thought to be a junior synonym to S. ooliticus).
Michael also contributed to the anatomical understanding of the lepidosauromorph Marmoretta.
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71300833
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax%20analis
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Anthrax analis
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Anthrax analis, the black bee fly, is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. It can be found throughout North America, from the Yukon east to Quebec in Canada, the entire mainland United States, most of Mexico, and as far south as Costa Rica and Cuba. As an adult it is a pollinator, and as a larva it is a parasitoid of tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela, and likely also of solitary bees. It is variable in appearance, with the posterior half of the wings usually transparent, but in the eastern United States the wings may be entirely dark.. The body itself is covered in black hair, but the tip of the abdomen usually has silvery scales.
Life Cycle
Egg — The life cycle of Anthrax analis begins with the egg. After fertilization, the adult black bee fly lays its eggs on soil near the nests of tiger beetles, which their larvae will parasitize. These tiny, oval-shaped eggs are often camouflaged to blend in with the environment. The strategic placement of eggs ensures that once they hatch, the larvae will have direct access to their prey.
Larva — Upon hatching, the larvae resemble small worms, lacking wings and having soft bodies. They begin their parasitic behavior by invading the nearby host nests, feeding either on the host beetle larvae. As they grow, the larvae move through the nest, continuing to feed and molt several times. Their primary function during this stage is to gather enough nutrients to support their development into the pupal stage.
Pupal — After the larval stage, the black bee fly undergoes pupation, typically occurring within the host burrows or in the soil nearby. During this stage, although the pupa remains externally inactive, its body is undergoing significant internal transformations. The pupal case is often hidden for protection, either buried underground or camouflaged.
| 2.625
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71300837
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20MacQueen
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Edith MacQueen
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Edith Edgar MacQueen (1900–1977) was a Scottish parliamentary historian and a historian of Scottish emigration to North America. She was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in history from the University of St Andrews.
Early life
MacQueen was the daughter of George MacQueen of Mongus, Angus, Scotland.
Academic career
MacQueen matriculated at St Andrews in 1918, graduating with first class honours in English and history in 1922. In 1922 MacQueen was awarded the Berry Scholarship in History, submitting a monograph on the Life of the Duke of Albany for which she was awarded the Hume Brown Essay Prize in Scottish History in June 1923.
In October 1923 MacQueen started studying for her Ph.D. She was the first woman to do so at St Andrews and the fourth Ph.D. student in history following the university's decision to grant them in 1920. She was awarded a Carnegie Scholarship in 1923 to assist her with her research; it was renewed in 1924/25. In 1926 she submitted her thesis entitled ‘The General Assembly of the Kirk as the rival of the Scottish parliament, 1560-1618’, which was supervised by J. D. Mackie.
MacQueen continued her work on parliamentary history as well as working on Scottish emigration to North America in her later life. She also wrote historical programs for BBC Radio's school programs in the late 1930s. In around 1930, she spent some time at Yale University as a Commonwealth Fund visiting fellow.
Personal life
In 1944 MacQueen married Leslie Haden-Guest, the Labour MP for Islington North. In 1950 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Haden-Guest, of Saling in the County of Essex. She was then styled as Baroness Haden-Guest.
She died in 1977. Her papers are held by the University of St Andrews.
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71301369
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20Saint%20John%20the%20Theologian%2C%20Kythnos
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Church of Saint John the Theologian, Kythnos
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Saint John the Theologian (Greek: Άγιος Ιωάννης Θεολόγος) is a Greek Orthodox church and a historical monument located in Chora, on the island of Kythnos, Greece. The church is dedicated to John the Evangelist.
Location and description
The church is located in the neighbourhood of Panochori, near Mazarakis Square in Chora. It is a typical example of the church architecture of Kythnos and it has been classified as a historical monument. The church is of Byzantine style with a one-room cruciform with a cupola, a wooden carved altar, frescoes and post-Byzantine icons. On the south exterior side, above the south entrance, there is a wall-mounted sundial.
The church was renovated in 1846 at the expenses of the priest and teacher Georgios Aisopidis and it was decorated with frescoes. The church was also enriched with vessels of Russian ecclesiastical art, at the expenses of the priest Meletios Vayanellis, who was a local living that time in Kiev. There church also has two icons of the artist Dimitrios Halkiotis: one depicts the Apocalypse of St. John, who is in a state of devotion. The other icon represents Virgin Mary with Jesus in her arms, Elizabeth, John, St. Anne and Mary. Jesus, Mary and John are represented as children. The main features of this icon are that the Saints are not sitting on a throne, as is customary, but are walking. The icon is characterized by its vivid colors.
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71302484
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royce%20Williams
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Royce Williams
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The story of his battle with the Soviet-piloted MiGs led to Williams being debriefed at the time by admirals, the Secretary of Defence, and a few weeks later by newly inaugurated President Dwight D. Eisenhower. These authorities made a decision to cover up the specifics of the battle, because at that time the Soviet Union was not officially a combatant in the Korean War and it was feared that publicity about the air battle would draw the Soviets further into the conflict. The dogfight was scrubbed from U.S. Navy and National Security Agency records, and Williams was sworn to secrecy about the incident—so much so that he never told anyone about it, not even his wife nor his pilot brother, until the Korean War records were declassified in 2002. The record of the incident in Navy records said only that he shot down one enemy (not listed as "Soviet") plane and damaged another, for which he was awarded the Silver Star in 1953. However, the dogfight was recorded in Soviet archives which were released after the fall of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. The Soviet records confirmed that of the seven MiGs, only one returned to its base. A 2014 Russian book, Red Devils over the Yalu: A Chronicle of Soviet Aerial Operations in the Korean War 1950–53, reported the battle and named Williams. The four MiGs were flown by Soviet Naval Aviation pilots, with Captains Belyakov and Vandalov, and Lieutenants Pakhomkin and Tarshinov being shot down. In his book Holding the Line about Task Force 77, Thomas McKelvey Cleaver described the fight, saying "On November 18, 1952, Royce Williams became the top-scoring carrier-based naval aviator and the top-scoring naval aviator in a Navy jet of the 'forgotten war'." He added, "In the fight of his life, Royce Williams had accomplished what no other American fighter pilot would ever accomplish: shoot down four MiG-15s in one fight."
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71302550
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Burras
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Lewis Burras
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Lewis Edward Burras (born 12 February 2000) is a British competitive swimmer. He is the former British record holder in the long course 100-metre freestyle. He is a 2022 Commonwealth Games silver medalist in the 50-metre freestyle, 4 × 100-metre freestyle relay, and 4×100-metre mixed freestyle relay, swimming on the finals relay for both relay events. At the 2022 World Aquatics Championships, he won a bronze medal in the 4×100-metre medley relay, swimming freestyle on the prelims relay, placed seventh in the 50-metre freestyle and seventh in the 100-metre freestyle. He placed eighth in the final of the 50-metre freestyle and twelfth in the semi-finals of the 100-metre freestyle at the 2022 World Short Course Championships.
Background
Burras was born 12 February 2000. He attended Jumeirah English Speaking School in Dubai, United Arab Emirates for high school, where he competed scholastically as part of the school swim team, and attended the University of South Carolina in the United States for university, where he competed collegiately as part of the South Carolina Gamecocks swim team. In international competition, he competes representing Great Britain and England.
Career
2017–2018
For the 2017 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships, held in August in Indianapolis, United States, Burras placed 24th in the 100-metre freestyle with a time of 51.03 seconds, and ranked seventh in the preliminaries of the 50-metre freestyle with a 22.70 before being disqualified in the semi-finals.
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71303155
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20M.%20Honan
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Thomas M. Honan
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Thomas Michael Honan (August 8, 1867 - September 21, 1932) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the sixty-fifth Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives (from November 7, 1908, to November 9, 1910) and the twentieth Indiana Attorney General (from January 1, 1911, to January 1, 1915).
Biography
Early life and education
Honan was born in Seymour, Indiana to James and Mary (née Giger) Honan. James Honan (born in County Clare, Ireland) was a farmer, a businessman, a soldier who served in the 50th Indiana Infantry Regiment during the Civil War, and a saloon owner who is speculated to have had connections to the infamous Reno Gang. Mary Honan was born in Switzerland and originally settled with her family in Ohio.
After completing his education at Shields High School, Honan began attending Hanover College. He transferred to Indiana University Bloomington before graduating in 1889. In 1890, Honan was admitted to the bar and began practicing law with W. T. Branaman.
Political career
Honan, a Democrat, served three terms as the prosecuting attorney of Indiana's forty-second judicial district (comprising the counties of Jackson, Washington, and Orange). He also served four years as Seymour's city attorney.
Honan was elected to represent Jackson County in the Indiana House of Representatives. He served in the sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, and sixty-sixth sessions of the legislature. Honan was elected Speaker of the House in the sixty-sixth session, serving from 1908 to 1910. During his time as Speaker, he was a member of several important committees and supported the passage of remedial legislation. He also consistently voted against laws pushed by the Temperance movement to curb alcohol consumption.
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71303402
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Am%20More%20Than%20a%20Wolf%20Whistle
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I Am More Than a Wolf Whistle
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I Am More than a Wolf Whistle: The Story of Carolyn Bryant Donham is a memoir by Carolyn Bryant Donham, the white woman who accused the African American 14-year-old Emmett Till of touching her hand and flirting with her at her store in 1955, an incident which led to his lynching. Written before 2008, the manuscript was originally planned for a 2036 posthumous release but was leaked by historian Timothy Tyson and released to the public in July 2022.
Background and release
Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American resident of Chicago, visited relatives in Mississippi in 1955. He visited a grocery store in Money, Mississippi called Bryant's Grocery, which was owned by Donham and her husband Roy Bryant, both of whom were white. Till interacted with Donham in some way, though accounts of the events differ. After hearing about the interaction, Donham's husband Roy and Roy's half-brother John William "J. W." Milam kidnapped, tortured, and lynched Till.
The book was dictated by Donham to her daughter-in-law Marsha Bryant, who transcribed the recollections. The manuscript is also dedicated to Marsha. The public first learned of the book when historian Timothy Tyson interviewed Donham in 2008. Donham made an agreement with Tyson during the interview process that the book would not be released until 2036. She gave a copy of the book to Tyson, who in turn gave it to the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina, where it was held in their archives. Till's cousin and civil rights activist Deborah Watts called for the release of the manuscript in 2021 in an op-ed for USA Today, hoping its release would lead to Donham's indictment.
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71303463
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Adelaide%20of%20Italy
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Cultural depictions of Adelaide of Italy
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Adelaide of Italy was an important medieval ruler and holy figure, having been called "the most important woman of her century", "the most powerful of Ottonian women" and one of the most powerful queens of the entire Middle Age. As princess of Burgundy (as daughter of Rudolph II of Burgundy), queen of Italy (consort of Lothair II of Italy) and later Holy Roman empress (consort of Otto the Great), she had deep connections to many European regions. Having supported the Church greatly during her lifetime, she was canonized soon after her death. Historically the subject of numerous religious, artistic and scholarly works, she is now explored by modern historiography primarily as a political figure.
Historiography
Adelaide was famous across Europe in her lifetime. It is even said that no other empress had been praised as much by contemporaries as Adelaide. Despite this, Simon MacLean notes that Adelaide's fame as a spiritual figure and her nachleben (afterlife) as a favourite subjects of artists, in sơme ways, have done her a disservice as a political figure. In the 1930s, through her work Adelheid – Mutter der Königreiche, the scholar and politician Gertrud Bäumer utilized her myth – which combined political power, motherhood and charity – to promote the bourgeois feminist movement.
According to MacLean, even though Adelaide was without doubt powerful and influential (she was the petitioner in one third of her husband Otto's extant acts between 951 and 973), it was still quite hard to separate Adelaide's and Otto's (and other family members' and advisors') individual inputs within the "black box" of rulership that they all belonged to. From the outside, the "king-plus-queen partnership" just acted together.
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71303463
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20Adelaide%20of%20Italy
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Cultural depictions of Adelaide of Italy
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Adelaide and Theophanu are often compared and contrasted in historiography. Some modern commentators like Gunther Wolf (in his book Kaiserin Theophanu. Prinzessin aus der Fremde) see Theophanu as the one who looked forward to the future, to modern forms of ruling, while Adelaide was the conservative who looked to the past. Stefan Weinfurter sees a more multifaceted and positive image of Adelaide. According to Weinfurter, it was true that Theophanu significantly contributed to the model of ruling inspired by Ancient Rome and Byzantine, that Otto II and especially Otto III took over and developed (although this model could not become the foundation for the future, because of Otto III's sudden death), while Adelaide represented the transmission of Italian-imperial tradition to the House of Saxony. She was also attached to her Italian-Burgundian connections and finally her Alsatian-Alemannish roots. But this helped her to mediate across realms while creating new power bases in the process and constantly providing a stabilizing effect to the Ottonian Dynasty, especially in its moments of great crisis (such as when she mobilized her relationships with her Burgundian and Bavarian relatives to protect Otto III at the beginning of his reign). She also played an initiating role in the development of Alsace as a hub between the Eastern Frankish kingdom, Burgundy, Italy and Upper Rhine – the latter received such a boost in traffic, politics and economy that 200 years later it would become, in the words of Otto of Freising, "the primary force of the empire" (maxima vis regni). Through her daughter Emma of Italy, to whom she was an advisor, she influenced French politics. Weinfurter sees in her a European dimension, that should be characterized as "modern".
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71303500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Mieg
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Miguel Mieg
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Miguel Mieg Alonso (29 September 1896 – 19 April 1981), was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder for Athletic Club de Madrid. A historical member of Athletic Madrid in the late 1910s, he was one of the first footballers to play for them for his entire career, and thus to be part of the so-called one-club men group. After retiring as a player, he become a renowned architect.
Club career
Born in Bilbao, he moved to Madrid as a child, where he began to play football. At only 18 years of age, he joined Athletic Club de Madrid in 1914, with whom he played for 8 years, forming a great midfield partnership with Sócrates Quintana in his first few years at the club and featuring alongside the likes of Pagaza, Juan de Cárcer, Naveda and the Villaverde brothers (Fernando and Senén). Together with Sansinenea, Ramón Olalquiaga, Cosme Vázquez and Monchín Triana, Mieg was part of the great Athletic side of the early 20s that won the 1920–21 Centro Championship, the club's first-ever piece of silverware, and then reached the 1921 Copa del Rey Final, where they were beaten 1–4 by Athletic Bilbao.
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75618415
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Calandra
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Tommy Calandra
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Beatle George Harrison sent Peter Asher to sign the band with Apple Records, saying "Raven is one of the best American bands I've ever heard." They signed, instead, with Columbia Records. They toured the US and England but turned down an invitation to perform at the Woodstock in August 1969. In March 1970, they returned to Buffalo and performed a homecoming concert at Kleinhans Music Hall. The group disbanded later that year citing differing musical outlooks and pressures resulting from attempts to make them a popular hit group. Calandra said "I just want to go and play my piano and play my songs".
In early 1971, Calandra began playing his clever funny songs with his honky-tonk piano and kazoo in a band he created named Beak. They played at The One-Eyed Cat and other clubs around Buffalo. In 1972, WKBW program director Jefferson Kaye invited him to write musical editorials.
In 1975, as the Buffalo Sabres ice hockey team advanced to the Stanley Cup finals, Calandra wrote and recorded "We're Gonna Win That Cup", recruiting entertainer Donna McDaniel to sing the song. The song was an instant hit. It was sung by Sabres players in the locker room and became one of Buffalo's best known sports songs.
Buffalo College of Musical Knowledge
Calandra had long been interested in music production and in 1977 he founded the Buffalo College of Musical Knowledge (BCMK) to produce promotional jingles and editorial commentaries in his basement studio at his North Buffalo home. He credits Jeff Kaye with giving him the direction he needed to become successful with his musical editorials which were played on more than 500 radio stations nationwide.
One of his best known original jingles was written for WKBW disc jockey Danny Neaverth: "Danny moves my fanny in the morning". Calandra began receiving requests for the same jingle for air personalities at radio stations throughout the US, Canada and as far away as New Zealand.
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75619172
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Sybrandus%20Keverling%20Buisman
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Albert Sybrandus Keverling Buisman
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Albert Sybrandus Keverling Buisman (2 November 1890 – 20 February 1944) was a Dutch civil engineer and Professor of Applied Mechanics, who was instrumental in establishing the (English: Soil Mechanics Laboratory) in Delft. He made notable contributions to the development of soil mechanics in the Netherlands.
In addition to his academic works at Delft University of Technology, he was employed as an engineer and advisor by Hollandsche Beton Groep (HBG) in the Netherlands and Dutch East Indies, lectured on soil mechanics at Bandung Institute of Technology, and published one of the first comprehensive handbooks on soil mechanics, (English: Soil Mechanics), which included extensive treatment on the specific soft soils of the Low Countries.
Career
Education and early career
Keverling Buisman was born in Hardinxveld-Giessendam in 1890, and educated at the Hogere Burgerschool in Dordrecht. He then attended the Technische Hogeschool Delft, obtaining a degree in civil engineering. In 1912, Buisman joined the contractor Hollandsche Beton Groep (HBG), where he undertook works in the Netherlands and in Tanjung Priok in what was then the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia.
Entry into academia
Keverling Buisman's name became known through the publication of several papers, mainly focused on Applied Mechanics, and in 1919 he was appointed professor of this subject in the Civil Engineering Department of the Delft University of Technology.
He gave his inaugural address, (English: The science of applied mechanics and economical design) on 12 November 1919, in which he focused on the role the subject plays in the development of the civil engineer. He argued that knowledge and application of formulas alone is insufficient for a civil engineer's development, and emphasised the need for practical experience.
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75619707
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza%20Scudder
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Eliza Scudder
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Eliza Scudder (1821–1896) was a 19th-century American hymnwriter. Among her productions are several notable hymns including, "The Love of God", written in 1852; "Truth", which begins with the line, "Thou long disowned, reviled, oppressed"; "Lines for Music", which begins with "As the lost who vainly wander"; and the lyric poem, "The Vesper Hymn", written in 1874. Scudder was undoubtedly influenced by her uncle, Edmund Hamilton Sears, the author of "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear".
Early life
Eliza Scudder was born at Barnstable, Massachusetts, in 1821. She was the daughter of Eliza (Bacon) and Elisha Gage Scudder. Both parents were from Barnstable on Cape Cod. Her father was a merchant in Boston and died when she was but an infant. Her mother lived till 1869. Her sister Rebecca, three years her senior, married, in 1845, Samuel Page Andrews, living first in Framingham, Massachusetts, and afterward in Salem, where Mr. Andrews was for many years clerk of the municipal court. Salem thus became one of Scudder's homes. There was a long period in the younger sister's childhood when she suffered from an affection of the eyes which never was wholly relieved, almost wholly cut off for long stretches of time from reading or from looking on the paper when she wrote. During this early period, she enjoyed the companionship of her sister. Something of the deep feeling she had for her was written into the verses, "The Laburnum", a dedicatory poem.
Scudder's uncle was the Unitarian divine, Edmund Hamilton Sears, known as the author of two Christmas hymns, "Calm on the Listening Ear of Night," and "It Came Upon the Midnight Clear". Horace E. Scudder, for some years editor of The Atlantic Monthly, was a relative of hers.
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75619764
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%20kingdoms%20in%20ancient%20Rome
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Client kingdoms in ancient Rome
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During its heyday, from 95 B.C. to 66 B.C., the kingdom of Armenia had control over parts of the Caucasus, present-day eastern Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. It came under the sphere of influence of the Romans in 66 B.C., with the campaigns of Lucullus and Pompey. Because of this, the kingdom of Armenia was the scene of contention between Rome and the Parthian Empire. The Parthians forced the kingdom of Armenia into submission from 47 BC to 37 BC, when Rome lost control of the kingdom only briefly.
In 63 BC with the end of the Third Mithridatic War, Pompey reorganized the entire Roman East and the alliances that gravitated around it. To Tigranes II he left Armenia; to Pharnaces the Bosporus; to Ariobarzanes Cappadocia and some neighboring territories; to Antiochus of Commagene he added Seleucia and parts of Mesopotamia that he had conquered; to Deiotarus, tetrarch of Galatia, he added the territories of Armenia Minor bordering Cappadocia; he made Attalus the prince of Paphlagonia and Aristarchus that of Colchis; he appointed Archelaus priest of the goddess worshipped at Comana; and finally he made Castor of Phanagoria a faithful ally and friend of the Roman people.
The Nabataean Kingdom of Arabia Petraea in 62 B.C. was forced to ask for peace from Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, who in order to lift the siege of the capital, Petra, accepted a payment of 300 talents. Having obtained peace, the Nabataean king Aretas retained his domains in full, including Damascus, but became a vassal of Rome.
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75619764
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%20kingdoms%20in%20ancient%20Rome
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Client kingdoms in ancient Rome
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Such a political design was applied in the West to the Cottian Alps (entrusted to Cottius, an indigenous prince, and his son, Cottius II, until 63 when they became part of the Roman Empire) to the Maroboduus kingdom of the Quadi and Marcomanni (as early as 6), of Noricum, Thrace (where continued Roman interventions were essential to save the weak Odrysian dynasty) and Mauretania (entrusted by the Romans to the king, Juba II, and his wife, Cleopatra Selene II); in the East to the Kingdom of Armenia, Judaea (which remained independent until 6), Cappadocia, and the Cimmerian Bosporus. These client kings were allowed full freedom in their internal administration, and were probably required to pay regular tribute, or they had to provide allied troops as needed (which was imposed on barbarian clients, as in the case of the Batavi), as well as agreeing in advance on their foreign policy with the emperor.
West of the Euphrates, Augustus attempted to reorganize the Roman East by directly increasing the territories administered by Rome. He incorporated some vassal states, turning them into provinces, such as Amyntas' Galatia in 25 BC, or Herod Archelaus' Judaea in 6 (after there had been some initial unrest in 4 B.C. upon the death of Herod the Great); he strengthened old alliances with Herod's descendants, with local kings who had become "client kings of Rome," as happened to Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, Asander, king of the Bosporan Kingdom, and Polemon I, king of Pontus, in addition to the rulers of Hemisa, Iturea, Commagene, Cilicia, Chalcis, Nabataea, Iberia, Colchis, and Albania.
| 2.65625
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75619773
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Canadian%20Pacific%20Railway
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History of the Canadian Pacific Railway
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On 3 November 1909, the Lethbridge Viaduct over the Oldman River valley at Lethbridge, Alberta, was opened. It is long and, at its maximum, high, making it one of the longest railway bridges in Canada. In 1916, the CPR replaced its line through Rogers Pass, which was prone to avalanches (the most serious of which killed 62 men in 1910) with the Connaught Tunnel, an eight-kilometre-long (5-mile) tunnel under Mount Macdonald that was, at the time of its opening, the longest railway tunnel in the Western Hemisphere.
On 21 January 1910, a passenger train derailed on the CPR line at the Spanish River bridge at Nairn, Ontario (near Sudbury), killing at least 43.
The CPR acquired several smaller railways via long-term leases in 1912. On 3 January 1912, the CPR acquired the Dominion Atlantic Railway, a railway that ran in western Nova Scotia. This acquisition gave the CPR a connection to Halifax, a significant port on the Atlantic Ocean. The Dominion Atlantic was isolated from the rest of the CPR network and used the CNR to facilitate interchange; the DAR also operated ferry services across the Bay of Fundy for passengers and cargo (but not rail cars) from the port of Digby, Nova Scotia, to the CPR at Saint John, New Brunswick. DAR steamships also provided connections for passengers and cargo between Yarmouth, Boston and New York. On 1 July 1912, the CPR acquired the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway, a railway on Vancouver Island that connected to the CPR using a railcar ferry. The CPR acquired the Quebec Central Railway on 14 December 1912.
| 2.578125
| 0
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75619838
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra%20%28boat%29
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Indra (boat)
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Indra is the largest solar-powered boat in India. It started operations in Kochi waters in the Indian state of Kerala on 22nd December, 2023. The design and construction was done by Navalt at their Kochi headquarters and their Navgathi Panavally Yard.
Statistics
Ever since the boat started operating, it has been a hit with the passengers.
Technical features
The 27-metre-long and 7-metre-wide boat is covered by of solar panels rated at 25 kW, which in turn connect to two electric motors of 20 kW, one in each hull. There are 1500 kg of lithium-ion batteries in the ship's two hulls with a total capacity of 80 kWh. The catamaran hull and its shape allow it to reach speeds of up to 7 knots. This was verified by Indian Register of Shipping surveyor.
The boat is remotely monitored and troubleshooting can also be done remotely. All the operating parameters of the boat are recorded and transmitted to the Navalt's server from where the technical experts can monitor the boat. The upgrades and settings in the software can also be performed remotely as if a computer is plugged into the boat. This makes the boat even safer.
| 1.921875
| 0
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75619860
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniocarpon
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Coniocarpon
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Coniocarpon is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. It has eight species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens. This genus is distinct for its crystalline orange, red, and purple quinoid pigments in the ascomata that turn purple in potassium hydroxide solution, its colourless, transversely septate ascospores with large apical cells, and its rounded to ascomata (fruiting bodies).
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805. The genus was rejected against Arthonia as proposed in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants in Appendices I–VII. In 2014 however, Coniocarpon was resurrected by Andreas Frisch and colleagues for the Arthonia cinnabarina species complex, based on the results of molecular phylogenetics analysis, which showed that it formed a clade with the genus Reichlingia. The type species of the genus, Coniocarpon cinnabarinum, had previously been designated by Rolf Santesson in 1952.
Description
The genus Coniocarpon, as revitalized by Frisch and colleagues in 2014, comprises lichens with a smooth thallus that is either immersed or slightly protruding, typically pale brown and often outlined by a dark line. Its is of the type. The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of these lichens are irregularly rounded to weakly lobed, either or , and emerge singly or in clusters. The is brown, consisting of compressed, vertically aligned hyphae, which sometimes form short hairs on the outer margin and may have old bark cells attached.
The of the apothecia is dark, ranging from flat to slightly convex, and may have a white surface, sometimes overlaid with an orange-red , with margins that are level with the disc and may also be prominently orange-red pruinose, containing crystals. The is brown, composed of branched tips of paraphysoidal hyphae that extend horizontally above the asci. The hymenium is colourless and strongly , with a of densely branched and netted . The is also colourless.
| 2.859375
| 0
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75619882
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyplolabia%20afzelii
|
Dyplolabia afzelii
|
Dyplolabia afzelii is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. The lichen has a thallus with colours ranging from yellow to pale olive buff, dark brownish tan, or grey, characterised by its smooth texture and considerable thickness. Its ascomata are (elongated with a slit-like opening), often raised from the thallus surface and concealed under a powdery white layer.
Taxonomy
The lichen was first formally described by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1814, as a member of the genus Graphis. Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo transferred it to the genus Dyplolabia in 1854.
Description
The lichen species Dyplolabia afzelii is characterised by a thallus with a range of colours from yellow to pale olive buff, dark brownish tan, or grey. The texture of the thallus is smooth and it has a considerable thickness. Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo transferred it to the genus Dyplolabia in 1854.
The ascomata (spore-producing structures) of Dyplolabia afzelii have a form, meaning they are elongated with a slit-like opening. These ascomata measure between 1 and 6 mm in length and 0.2 to 0.7 mm in width. They are mostly simple in form but can occasionally be branched or forked. These structures are raised from the surface of the thallus, displaying various shapes such as straight, curved, or . They are scattered across the thallus and are usually completely concealed under a thick powdery white layer of , revealing a black colour only where this layer is worn away. The ascomata terminate in a blunt end, and their narrow, slit-like are not visible from the surface.
The (the outer layer of tissue surrounding the ascomata) is intact at the base and (blackened) along the sides, converging at the top. It is enveloped by a thick layer that extends to the apex. The , the topmost layer within the ascomata, is greenish-brown to dark brown and measures 14–28 μm in thickness.
| 2.328125
| 0
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